National Developement Comparison 1988 and After

Our Three Main National Causes
Non-disintegration of the Union - Our Cause

Non-disintegration of national solidarity - Our Cause
Perpetuation of sovereignty - Our Cause
People’s Desire
* Oppose those relying on external elements, acting as
stooges, holding negative views
* Oppose those trying to jeopardize stability of the State
and progress of the nation
* Oppose foreign nations interfering in internal affairs
of the State
* Crush all internal and external destructive elements as
the common enemy
Four political objectives

* Stability of the State, community peace and tranquillity, prevalence
of law and order
* National reconsolidation
* Emergence of a new enduring State Constitution
* Building of a new modern developed nation in accord with the new
State Constitution
Four economic objectives
* Development of agriculture as the base and all-round
development of other sectors of the economy as well
* Proper evolution of the market-oriented economic system
* Development of the economy inviting participation in terms of
technical know-how and investments from sources inside the
country and abroad
* The initiative to shape the national economy must be kept in the
hands of the State and the national peoples
Four social objectives
* Uplift of the morale and morality of the entire nation
* Uplift of national prestige and integrity and preservation and
safeguarding of cultural heritage and national character
* Uplift of dynamism of patriotic spirit
* Uplift of health, fitness and education standards of the entire nation
23
Contents
1. Towards a Modern and
47
Developed Nation .... 1
2. The Union of Myanmar .... 6
3. History of Myanmar .... 10
4. Tradition of the Tatmadaw .... 12 67
5. Towards new golden land of
unity and amity .... 16
6. Changing scenes of modernization and
development in Kachin State .... 23 89
development in Kayah State .... 47
development in Kayin State .... 67 107
development in Chin State .... 89
development in Mon State .... 107 129
development in Rakhine State .... 129
development in Shan State .... 151 151
development in Sagaing Division .... 177 177
development in Taninthayi Division .... 205
205
development in Bago Division .... 229
development in Magway Division .... 253
229
development in Mandalay Division .... 277
development in Yangon Division .... 307
253
development in Ayeyawady Division .... 335
development in Myanmar .... 359
Third Printing 277

March, 2008
1000 copies
Photographs 307
Provided by ministries
Printed by
Printing and Publishing Enterprise 335
Towards A Modern And Developed Nation
Putting on record significant developments and endeavours of a country and

its people means putting on record the history of the country and its people. Putting
the true events on record is compiling the true history.
On the basis of archaeological finds of Pondaung primate fossils in Pondaung
Ponnya region in the north-west of Myanmar Naing-Ngan, it is firmly found that
human beings have lived and evolved on Myanmar soil since the past forty million
years. Moreover, as archaeologists have unearthed Bronze Age utensils and fossils
near Nyaunggan Village in Budalin Township, Monywa District, evidences of early
Iron Age in the sites of ancient cities such as Hanlin, Beikthano and Tharekhittaya, it
is evident that Myanmar people have lived on this Myanmar soil for generations in
successive epochs of history through Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age.
Myanmar faced many evil experiences subsequent to the global changes after
the feudal era. Fully equipped with unflinching spirit, the national people constantly
exerted all-out efforts to repel the western nations that resorted to modern technologies
to invade and then colonize the nation.
Thanks to the strong spirit and vigour of the national people who love freedom
and justice, the patriotic forces hand in hand with the people were able to quell the
fascists who got into the nation during the World War.
The absolute unity and strenuous efforts of the entire national people culminated
in regaining independence. However, the nation lost national solidarity due to the
adverse effects of the cold war and the instigations and intervention of neo-colonialists.
Then, patriotic national forces made combined endeavours to ensure prevalence of
2 and order, to enjoy peace and stability, to regain national tp\meta\Asui;rlk\Tk\
law unity, and to raise the
socio-economic life of the people.
The Tatmadaw, born of the national people, which has been one with the people
throughout the nation’s history, has been lending itself to the nation-building tasks in
diversified sectors, while remedying the weaknesses of the nation.
In the process, the government has been working with added momentum day
in, day out under the farsighted leadership so as to complete the infrastructures needed
for building up a modern nation.
The drive thoroughly covers physical or socio-economic requirements including
agriculture, transport, trade and administration sectors and spiritual or cultural need
such as education, health and knowledge sectors. The government’s efforts have
yielded marked and fruitful results in the period of 19 years.
Well convinced that to uphold “Our Three Main National Causes: Non-
disintegration of the Union, Non-disintegration of national solidarity, and Perpetuation
of sovereignty ” is the bounden duty of the entire national people of the Union of
Myanmar, all the national races have been participating in the nation-building
endeavours. At the same time, the State is effectively nurturing and training new
generation youths for the development of human resources to maintain the already-
achieved momentum.
The ultimate goal of the national people is emergence of a discipline-flourishing
modern developed democratic nation, in which all the national races desire to live
keeping egg and nest intact and to enjoy equal rights and a better living standard. The
government has been striving steadfastly for achieving the goal, while overcoming
the destructive acts that pose harm to it. Therefore, tangible results have justified the
efforts the government has been making with added momentum. Moreover, discarding
the out-moded view and methods, the Union of Myanmar has been able to maintain
friendly relations with the world nations.
Niuc\cMeta\PÝM>“Pio;tui;tk\mOm¹t\tm\; 3
Now, the government is making endeavours to draft an enduring State
Constitution in line with the wishes of the national people. As the government has
already proclaimed the seven- step Road Map to build a new, peaceful, modern and
developed discipline-flourishing democratic nation, it is to unswervingly march
towords the goal.
This book features firm evidences, correct data and figures and documentary
photos sector-wise that reflect the success in building the infrastructures according
to the political, economic and social objectives for the brighter future of the State in
conformity with the historic developments.
Ministry of Information
Prime Minister General Thein Sein (then National Convention Convening
Commission Chairman) accepts the book of records which contains fundamental
principles and detailed basic principles adopted by the National Convention.
National Convention Convening Work Committee Chairman signs in the book of

records which contains fundamental principles and detailed basic principles adopted
by the National Convention.
The Union of Myanmar
Location
Located in the Southeast Asia region, Myanmar lies between north latitude 9 degrees
32 minutes and 28 degrees 31 minutes and between longitudes 92 degrees 10 minutes East
and 101 degrees 11 minutes East.
Its neighbours are China to the north and northeast; Laos to the east; Thailand to the
south-east; and India and Bangladesh to the west and bordering the Andaman Sea and the
Bay of Bengal.
The City of Yangon lies at 96 degrees 13 minutes east longitude and 16 degrees 45
minutes north latitude. The east longitude 97 degrees 30 minutes is designated for Myanmar
standard time and the MST is 6 hours and 30 minutes earlier than GMT.
Area
With a total land area of 261228 sq miles (677,000 sq km), the country stretches over
1275 miles (2051 km) from north to south and 582 miles (936 km) east to west. The coun-
try’s border line stretches about 5200 miles and sharing 3808 miles with neighbouring coun-
tries— 1357 miles with China, 1314 miles with Thailand, 857 miles with India, 152 miles
with Bangladesh and 128 miles with Laos. It has a 1385 miles long coastline from Nat
River to Kawthoung.
Topography
Roughly, the topographic condition of Myanmar can be divided into three parts—
western ranges, central plains and eastern hilly regions. Myanmar is adjacent to Himalayan
ranges which lie in the western part of the country. The Khakaborazi Mountain with the
height of 19296 feet is a part of the western ranges and the Saramayti Mountain is 12553
feet high. The western ranges divide India and Myanmar as a wall. In the central plains, the
Ayeyawady delta region is the largest one and it is divided into three parts— first part of the
region is from the upper reaches to Mandalay, the second part from Mandalay to Pyay and
the third part from Pyay to its end. Sittoung basin and Chindwin basin are included in the
central plain. In the central plain, there also exist Zeebyu mountain range, Minwon moun-
tain range, Hmankin mountain range and Gangaw mountain range. Bago Mountain range
lies from north to south in the region. Shan Plateau is called the eastern mountain range
which has an average height of 3000 to 4000 feet.
The Union of Myanmar
Although it is called a plateau, there exists mountains with high slopes. Across the
plateau Thanlwin river flows from north to south— Shan Plateau to Taninthayi coastal
region. Zawgyi, Myitnge and Panlaung rivers originate in the Shan Plateau and enter the
River Ayeyawady.
Population
The Union of Myanmar is home to over 100 national races and the main stocks
are Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Chin, Bamar, Mon, Rakhine and Shan. According to the data
in 1998-99, the population of the country has reached 47.25 million and the increase rate
is 1.84 per cent. The number of man reaches 28.1 million and woman 28.4 million.
According to the statistics of 11-7-2007, the population of Myanmar is 56.5 million.
Climate
Generally, Myanmar has three seasons. The summer is from March to May, the
rainy season from middle of May to end of October, and the cold season from November
to end of February.
Myanmar enjoys a tropical monsoon climate. However, climatic conditions differ
widely from place to place due to widely diverse topographical conditions. For instance,
Central Myanmar has an annual rainfall of less than 40 inches while the Rakhine Coast
gets about 200 inches.
The temperature of Central Myanmar is a bout 110 degrees Fahrenheit (43.3
degrees Centigrade ) in the months of March and April. During the period, the temperature
of the northern part of Myanmar reaches 97 degrees Fahrenheit (36.1 degrees Centigrade)
and in Shan Plateau it is about 85 to 95 degree Fahrenheit (29.4 to 35 degrees Centigrade).
Temperature of towns vary according to their location and elevation.
In some years past, severe storms occurred causing damages in coastal regions. In
order to bring about the favourable climatic conditions, the State has given priority to
Central Myanmar Greening Project.
Religion
Myanmar enjoys religious tolerance and since the ancient times, there has been full
freedom of worship for followers of different religions. So, different religions can be
practised in Myanmar. The religious edifices and religious orders have been in existence
and religious festivals can be held on a grand scale.
The majority of the population embraces Buddhism with 89.3 per cent but other
religions can be practised freely. In the country, Christian occupies 5.06 per cent of the
population, Islam 3.8 per cent, Hindu 0.5 per cent and Animist 0.2 per cent.
The ceremony to mark 61 st Anniversary Union Day.
10 tp\meta\Asui;rlk\Tk\
History of Myanmar
With a long 2000 years of History, Myanmar experienced various kinds of events
such as stability in the country and rapid changes. The following are chronicles of the
country—
AD 1st Century … The Pyus founded city states in Beikthanoe, Hanlin,

Tagaung,Tharekhittaya regions. Thaton or
Suvanabonmi was also founded.
1044-1297 (406-659) … The first Myanmar empire was founded by King
Anawrahta (1044-1077) in Bagan period.
1552-1599 (914-961) … King Bayintnaung (1552-1581) established the second
Myanmar empire in Toungoo period.
1752-1885 (1114-1247) … King Alaungmintaya (1752-1760) founded the third
Myanmar empire in Kongboung period.
1824-26 (1186-1188) … First Anglo-Myanmar war broke out.
1852-54 (1214-1216) … Second Anglo-Myanmar war broke out.
1885 (1247) … After the third Anglo-Myanmar war, Myanmar fell
under the servitude of British colonialists.
1906 (1268) … Young Men’s Buddhist Association (YMBA) was
founded with the aim of promoting the standard of
race and religion. On 18 December 1918, the British
government issued Cradock Plan.
1919 (1281) … Myanmar Women Konmayi Association was formed.
1920 October (1282) … The 8th meeting of YMBA decided to change its
name to GCBA.
1920 December (1282) … The first students strike against the colonial educa-
tion occurred.
1930 May (1292) … Doe Bamar Asiayon was formed.
1930 December (1292) … Peasants uprising broke out.
1923-37 (1285-1299) … The period of Diarchy Administration.
25-2-36 (1297) … The second students strike broke out.
1-4-37 to 10-12-42 … 91 departments administration system practised.
8-1-38 (1299) … Chauk oilfield strike started. 1300 revolution broke
out.
26-12-41 (1303) … Burma Independence Army (BIA) was formed.
27-7-42 (1304) … BIA changed its name to Burma Defence Army
(BDA).
1-8-43 … Japanese granted a sham independence.
27-3-45 (1307) … Anti-fascist revolution started.
History of Myanmar
1945-47 (1306-1308) … White paper administration of British government.
1947 (1309) … Sorrento Villa Rehabilitation Programmes were intro-
duced.
12-2-47 (1308) … National consolidation built through the Panglong
Agreement.
4-1-48 (1309) … Myanmar regained her independence.
1948-50 (1310-11) … Parliamentary democracy was practised in the country.
1958-59 (1320-21) … The Tatmadaw shouldered the responsibility of the
State as a Caretaker Government.
2-3-62 (1323) … Revolutionary Council assumed the State power.
1962-74 (1323-35) ... Launched a Socialist Revolution under the leadership
of the Burma Socialist Programme Party.
1974-88 … Pyithu Hluttaw and various levels of People’s Council
were formed and representatives of the people per-
formed the administrative and legislative duties.
18-9-88 … Demonstrations broke out due to general discontent.
Anarchy reigned the country as a result of internal
and external instigations. The rule of law and stability
deteriorated and a wave of panic swept the country.
Therefore, the Tatmadaw had to take the responsibil-
ity and safeguard the nation.
27-5-90 … Multiparty general elections took place.
9-1-93 … The National Convention was convened.
30-3-96 … The National Convention was temporarily adjourned.
15-11-97 (1359) … The State Peace and Development Council was
formed, 12 political, economic and social objectives
laid down and efforts have been made for emergence
of a peaceful, modern and developed nation.
30-8-2003 … The seven-point Road Map was announced.
17-5-2004 … The National Convention that was temporarily ad-
journed resumed.
3-9-2007 … The National Convention has successfully been
concluded.
Tradition of the Tatmadaw
Throughout the independence struggle of Myanmar history, the national races
fought against the colonialists, political groups tried hard for national cause, and efforts
were made in various forms for regaining independence. With the concept that political
means only would not be able to regain independence but armed struggle might sweep
the colonialists out of the soil of the country, Myanmar political leaders secretly planned
to form a Tatmadaw.
World War II broke out on 3 September 1939. The Thirty Comrades formed with
patriotic politicians made contact with Japanese and left for Hainang in southern China to
undergo military training. They had to take vigorous military training there.
After the Japanese entered the war, the Thirty Comrades arrived in Bangkok
together with the Japanese troops. From 26 December 1941 to 2 January 1942 Burma
Independence Army was formed in Bangkok. Initially, the BIA was formed with 200 men
and hand in hand with Japanese troops, they fought against the colonialist troops.
Without holding self-interests in the fore and with the aim of regaining independ-
ence, the patriotic national youth joined BIA. In this way, the number of BIA had reached
up to 30,000 from 23,000 within a short period. But Japanese were displeased with the
increase in the number of BIA. Therefore, they abolished the BIA on 27 July 1942 and
formed Burma Defence Army with 3,000 troops. Although the BDA members had to
discharge their duty under the command of Japanese as a subordinate, the BDA was
mobilized and it underwent military training systematically and troops were efficient ones
with strong patriotism.
On 1 August 1943 Japanese granted a sham independence to Myanmar. The
Defence Council meeting held on 15 September 1943 changed the name of BDA to
Burma National Army (BNA). On 27 March 1945, the Tatmadaw, hand in hand with the
people, launched anti-fascist resistance. From that day on, the Tatmadaw has been in
oneness with the people. The Tatmadaw has become endowed with the features of national
armed forces serving the interests of the nation and its people.
British colonialists who entered the country again did not want to acknowledge the
Tatmadaw as a national Tatmadaw representing the nation and the people. They tried to
abolish Patriot Burmese Forces (PBF) and transform it into Burma Army. But, the Tatmadaw
and the people did not accept their scheme. Therefore, the British had to acknowledge the
Tatmadaw as Patriot Burmese Forces.
Tradition of the Tatmadaw
The British had to give up the plan of abolishing PBF and admitting only those
who had met their standard to Burma Army. In accord with the Kandy Treaty signed in
Kandy in Sri Lanka on 6 September 1945, the British allowed all the 5200 other ranks,
200 officers and 200 reserved officer from PBF to merge with Burma Army.
The Tatmadaw launched the anti-fascist movement and as a hard-core force fought
against the colonialists hand in hand with the people to regain independence. The day of
resistance on which the Tatmadaw and the people drove out the fascists has been designated
as the Armed Forces Day and parade has been held yearly on that day and the 62nd.
Anniversary of Armed Forces Day was held in 2007. According to historical demand, the
Tatmadaw had to take part in national political leading role apart from national defence
role in 1948-49 when the internal insurgency was at its peak and in 1950 when the
Tatmadaw was engaged in fighting against the foreign intruders.
The Tatmadaw had to unavoidably take the responsibility of the State on 2 March
1962 when the nation faced with the danger of disintegration of national unity and the
Union and loss of sovereignty.
Again in 1988, the country experienced chaos, which broke out due to discontent
among the people. During the period, anarchy reigned the country and thus for the sake
of peace and stability, the Tatmadaw had to bear the full brunt of the shock as there was
no way to solve the problem. Nowadays, the Tatmadaw as the State Peace and Devel-
opment Council is serving the interests of the State dutifully. Thanks to the earnest efforts
of the Tatmadaw for national reconsolidation, 17 national race armed groups had returned
to the legal fold.
It can be seen that there are specific events in the history of the Tatmadaw that
is in parallel with the history of the State.
The Tatmadaw with good traditions is endowed with military, organizing and
administration capabilities. Holding the four oaths in the fore, the Tatmadaw, from its
birth, has discharged its national duties successfully and is also discharging the duties at
the risk of its lives and will discharge the national duties unwaveringly. As the Tatmadaw
is a consolidated national force, the leading role of the Tatmadaw can be seen in independ-
ence struggle and in the national political sector.
62 nd. Anniversary Armed Forces Day Parade.
Towards new golden land of

unity and amity
Myanmar is a Union made up of seven states and seven divisions. Over 100 national
races have been living together in unity and amity through thick and thin throughout
consecutive eras of history.
A glance at the course of history will indicate that Myanmar had stood as an
independent and sovereign State under its own monarch in the international community for
years countable by the thousand. From that time onwards, the national brethren came
together to eliminate all the dangers posed to the country and protected their motherland.
The colonialists waged an aggressive war on Myanmar in 1824. After three wars,
Myanmar was colonized in 1885. Like a saying that goes "a real ruby does not lose its
brightness even in the mire", national compatriots armed themselves with Union Spirit and
showed bravery and determination throughout the independence struggle.
The colonialists made wicked schemes to break up national solidarity by introduc-
ing the "divide and rule" policy so that they could enslave Myanmar for a long time. Yet,
national people unanimously made it known to the colonialists at Panglong on 12 February
1947 that their unity had been hardened into "family spirit".
After witnessing the united strength of national people, the colonialists eventually
granted independence to Myanmar. On the other hand, the conspirators hatched wicked
schemes to hold sway over Myanmar and to make her dance to their tune.
As an emerging independent nation, Myanmar should have kept pace with neigh-
bouring countries in terms of development. Instead, the country suffered the impact of
internal insurgency.
The country had lived under the colonial servitude for over 123 years, subject to
all kinds of exploitation. The country was not able to rise from a 40-year knockout
engulfed in the flame of internal insurgency. Under such circumstances, the country was
close to collapse in 1988 as a result of subversive as well as provocative acts of the internal
and external destructive elements. The Tatmadaw thus saved the country from imminent
disintegration in the nick of time by assuming the State duty.
Niuc\cMeta\PÝM>“Pio;tui;tk\mOm¹t\tm\;
The Tatmadaw Government that came into existence as an answer to the call17
of
historical need worked hard to put the country in order by improving the socio-economic
life of national people after drawing lessons from the past events and analysing the prevailing
conditions. Now, the government is taking measures for reforms to improve all the sectors
across the country through a calculation of development paces slower than others.
Geographically, Myanmar shares borders with India in the west, with China in the north,
and with Laos and Thailand in the east. To the far south of Myanmar lies the Bay of Bengal
linking to the Indian Ocean.
The Union of Myanmar is 1,275 miles in length from north to south and 582 miles
from east to west. The total area of the country is 261,228 square miles. Myanmar has a
population of over 56.5 million.
The forest area of the country constitutes 57 percent of the land, 149528 square
miles. The cultivable land as a whole totalled 53.78 million acres when compared with over
23.8 million acres in 1988.
At present, Myanmar is an agro-based country, with its 70 percent of population
living in rural areas.
The transport system in the colonial era was a total failure. Even after independ-
ence, transport mainly relied on water course in delta regions, not to mention border areas.
The government is making strenuous efforts day in, day out to overcome the
difficulties.
In line with the guidance of the Head of State, emphasis has been placed on the
perpetual existence of the Union.
State Peace and Development Council Chairman and also Commander-in-Chief of
Defence Services Senior General Than Shwe gave guidance on the spirit of oneness among
the national brethren at University for Development of National Races on 28 January 2003.
The Senior General said: "A variety of national races live in the territory of
our nation Myanmar, and each and every part of the nation is like a small union
where different nationalities reside. We Myanmars have been living together in
unison so long that we are inseparable. And love, friendship and unity are a must for
all of us".
The guidance is indeed like a light that shows the way to the better future of the
nation at a time when the national races, who have been living on the same land and
drinking water from the same source, are striving for national progress, while sailing on
the same boat.
Patron of the Union Solidarity
and
Development Association
Chairman of the State Peace
and
Development Council
Senior General Than Shwe
greets the delegates to
USDA Annual General Meeting (2007)
at the dinner at Bayintnaung Yeiktha,
Nay Pyi Taw.

20 The government therefore gave the top priority to national tp\meta\Asui;rlk\Tk\
reconsolidation and
managed to clear the hatred, discord and misunderstanding among the national brethren,
which were caused by the instigations and interventions of the colonialists. In conse-
quence, a total of 17 national armed groups have returned to the legal fold. With the fruits
of peace and stability in the entire nation, the Border Areas and National Races Devel-
opment Project opened a new chapter of the nation's history.
At the same time, the government sought all possible ways and means for food
sufficiency of the entire national people. With a view to ensuring development of the
agricultural sector, the artery of an agro-based nation, the government has been taking
measures systematically and effectively such as extension of sown acreage, construction
of dams and water pumping stations for irrigating cultivated lands, introducing all-year-
round cultivable lands, launching projects for food security of respective regions, and
providing encouragement and necessary assistance for ensuring success in cultivating all
crops. The government also could open a new page of the agricultural sector of the
nation.
Furthermore, the government has been able to build a network of roads and
bridges across the nation in its drive to cement the amicable relations among the national
brethren with smooth and secure transport.
In addition, the government has taken steps for development of the livestock
breeding and fishery sector. Myanmar is rich in fresh water fish and prawn as well as sea
fish and prawn. However, it is making sustained efforts with farsightedness to fulfil the
fish and prawn demand of the posterity. The number of fish breeding and prawn breeding
farms has increased significantly in the states and divisions which are blessed with favourable
conditions for this industry. It initiated the paddy plus fish project, and the release of
fingerlings of a wide range of fish species into the Ayeyawady River.
It has placed emphasis on conservation of present forests as well as planting of
trees to form more forests. It is implementing the project for greening of the 13 districts
in the Upper Myanmar, which were once called the arid zone of the nation.
Based on the success in the agriculture, livestock breeding, regional greening and
transport sectors, it is putting into motion the master plan for building an agro-based
industrialized country. It has also helped emerge computer-aided industrial zones and
factories in the country.
For the national progress, the government, under the close supervision of the
Special Projects Implementation Central Committee headed by the Head of State, is doing
Niuc\cMeta\PÝM>“Pio;tui;tk\mOm¹t\tm\;
its utmost to open a bridge in a month and 12 dams in a year in order to bring fruits21
of
rapid development to the national people in a short time. So, a lot of new towns, roads,
bridges and factories have been added to the nation's map.
In addition to building of more infrastructures in various areas for the
future nation, it has laid down many education promotion projects for enabling the national
people to enhance their intellectual power in the knowledge age. It has broadened the
scope of the education sphere by means of opening more and more basic and higher
education schools for the entire national people to enjoy equal rights in their pursuit of
education and for upgrading the nation's education standard. Under the 24 Special Region
Development Project, it has established new universities, colleges and 200-bed hospitals
in respective regions.
Simultaneously, it is implementing the five rural development tasks for elevating
the living and social standards of the rural society.
During the more-than-19-year period of the Tatmadaw government, the nation has
been able to reach again the list of top paddy-producing nations, play a leading role in
producing beans and pulses among ASEAN nations, stand as a nation, in which forests
are conserved and the environment protected well, inexhaustible gas deposits discovered,
water resources effectively harnessed for the nation's power sector. It has also caught up
with other ASEAN nations in the education and health spheres. Therefore, the nation is
now on its way to a new State with bright prospects.
The above-mentioned fruitful results well matched with the speech delivered by
Head of State Senior General Than Shwe during his inspection tour of Shan State in April
2002, saying that “as the national races who live in 14 states and divisions are indeed
the brethren, the government is making relentless efforts to ensure equitable devel-
opment of all parts of the nation.
“Simultaneously, the government is taking all possible measures for progress
of the national races and brighter future of the nation. All national people are the
brethren of the nation, so the government really wants to see all national races enjoy
fruitful results of development equally, he said.
“According to the area, natural resources and population of the nation,
Myanmar will become a modern and developed one before long if the national
people make efforts with added momentum in harmony for national development,’’
he said.
Other measures of the government for the seven states and seven divisions will
be presented.
Indawgyi Pagoda (Shwemyitzu)
Shweli Bridge Technological University (Myitkyina)

Changing scenes of modernization
and development in Kachin State
Kachin State is located in the northernmost part of the Union of Myanmar with an area of
34,379 square miles in total. It is like a small union, home to various national races such as
Kachin, Chin, Bamar, Shan and Naga. Its population is 1,483,879 and so in the region, a
square mile is populated with about 43 people in average.
The mountainous region has Mount Khakaborazi (19296 feet) and Mount Galanyazi (19142
feet), which are higher than any other mountains in the nation. These mountains are always
capped with snow. Its largest plains are Hugaung Valley in Tanaikha River basin at the top of
Chindwin River, Putao plain in Malikha River basin, the surrounding regions of Myitkyina and
Bhamo, Indawgyi Lake, and surrounding areas of Mogaung Creek and Kaukkway Creek.
During his inspection tour of the region in April 1995, Head of State Senior General Than
Shwe gave guidance to the officials, saying “In the past, Kachin State lagged behind
in development owing to lack of peace and stability in the region for many years. So,
local people should not apply traditional methods any longer but must work hard
much more than ever before for regional development. Now, peace has been restored
well and it is thus the most opportune time to speed up the implementation of tasks
for boosting production through effective use of the natural resources,” he added.
Now, Kachin State has caught up with other states and divisions in various sectors thanks
to the assistance and encouragement of the government, and united and harmonious efforts of
local national race leaders and people.
Local national people in Kachin State are enjoying fruits of development. The conditions
before and after 1988 are compared in this article.
26 Chronicle of National Development Comparison between
Agriculture
The total sown acreage of Kachin State was 379,512 only in the past. At that time,
altogether 273,543 acres were put under paddy and the output was 11,610 baskets in thousand.
Now, the sown acreage of monsoon and summer paddy has nearly doubled with boosting per
acre yield. Double cropping acreage has increased 12 times. In consequence, the region’s
agricultural produce has been in surplus. The following table shows the progress of the sown
acreage of paddy and other crops in the region.
Development in the agriculture sector of Kachin State

Comparison between period preceding 1988 and after (up to 31-12-2007)
Subject Count 1988 31-12-2007 Progress
Land
- Sown acreage acre 379512 1340723 961211
- Virgin and vacant land acre 5270203 4171049 Increase in
cultivable land
Water supply task
- dam, lake, reservoir, drain
- Task completed Num 3 3 -
- Task under implementation Num - 1 1
- Benefited acres acre 23837 23837 -
River water pumping project
- Task completed Num - 3 3
- Task to be carried out Num - 1 1
- Benefited acres acre - 1350 1350
Damming creek Num - 59 59
- Average benefited acres acre - 6918 6918
period preceding 1988 and after (up to 31-12-2007) 27
Development in the agriculture sector of Kachin State

Artesian wells Num - 44 44

Total benefited acres acre 23837 32371 8534
Double cropping acreage acre 17411 393529 376118
Extended paddy cultivation
- Monsoon paddy acreage acre 273543 558743 285200
- Summer paddy acre - 822 822
- Total production basket in
thousand 11610 37604 25994
- Regional rice sufficiency percent 73 150 77
Progress in acreage of
beans and pulses acre 6659 63885 57226
Sugarcane acreage acre 5175 18803 13628
maize acreage acre 3567 25464 21897
rubber acreage acre 112 29747 29635
Oil palm acre 3 143 140
Tea acre 1212 2018 806
Pepper acre - 1083 1083
Progress in edible oil crops
- Groundnut acre 24753 39599 14846
- Sesame acre 3221 22725 19504
- Sunflower acre 557 6801 6244
- Mustard acre 10642 93149 82507
- Niger acre 1152 26707 25555
Physic nut acre - 283316 283316
Livestock and Fishery

The government promoted livestock industry to increase production of meat. The number
of buffalo, cattle, sheep, goat, pig, chicken and duck has increased to over 5.3 million, compared
to only over 1.4 million in 1988.
With regard to the fish and prawn breeding sector, there were only 58 acres of breeding
ponds in the past, but now the figure has surged to 1160 acres accounting for 20 times. Honey
production has been making a good progress in leaps and bounds, from 1300 pounds in 1988
to 64050 pounds to present.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Kachin State
Extended livestock breeding
- Buffalo head 141627 197113 55486
- Cattle head 206731 281933 75202
- Sheep/goat head 12544 35715 23171
- Pig head 153670 563264 409594
- Chicken head 873413 4021069 3147656
- Duck head 33997 181409 147412
- Turkey, goose, muscovy duck head 37530 47637 10107
Fish and prawn breeding
- Fish breeding pond acre 58 1160 1102
Honey Production
- Bee- hives Num 140 1299 1159
- Honey Production pound 1300 64050 62750
- Pollination Service acre 4206 13700 9494

Forest Conservation
The government paid attention to conservation of forests in Kachin State. So the area of forests
has risen nearly thirty times. The area of afforestation has surged nearly 76 times. In 1988, a
total of 10,000 saplings were planted in mass activities. Now, over 7700000 million saplings
have been grown in the region.
Development in the forestry sector of Kachin State

Reserved Forest sq/mile 2008 2217.68 209.68
Protected public forest sq/mile - 3615.37 3615.37
Natural forests sq/mile 269.46 6053.81 5784.35
Establishment of forest plantation acre 211 16665 16454
- Commercial plantation acre - 9245 9245
- Village firewood acre - 3020 3020
- Watershed plantation acre 211 4400 4189
- Thitseint plantation acre - 900 900
Mass tree planting Tree 0.01 7.72 7.71
(in Million)
Besides, the government is implementing the project for greening and long-lasting of
Indawgyi Lake in Indawgyi Wildlife Sanctuary in Mohnyin Township. It designated 299.32
square miles including the area of the lake (14 miles long and five miles wide) as Indawgyi
Wildlife Sanctuary.
Road and Transport

In the past, with poor transport, the region had to mainly rely on railway and airway. At
that time, Shwebo-Myitkyina Road was not a fine one, and the remaining roads were in poor
condition. So, local people had to cross Ayeyawady River first by boat if they wanted to travel
from Myitkyina to Bhamo, and to Waingmaw on the east bank of Ayeyawady, and then to
Chibwe and Sawtlaw in the northern part.
In the time of the Tatmadaw Government, 2,688-foot-long Bala Min Htin Bridge
across Ayeyawady River in Myitkyina was opened in 1998, resulting in better transport in
the region. The opening of Sinkhan Bridge on Mandalay-Tagaung-Bhamo-Myitkyina
Road took place in Shwegu Township, Bhamo District, Kachin State, on 13 January 2005. It is
the 178th of the bridges with 180 feet and above in length in the nation.
Now, the people can choose the 350-mile-long Mandalay-Shwebo-Myitkyina Road on the
west bank of Ayayawady River, or the 302-mile-long Mandalay-Mogok-Momeik-Mabein-Mansi-
Bhamo Road on the east bank of Ayayawady River and the 115-mile-long Bhamo-Myitkyina
Road to travel from Mandalay to Myitkyina. The government has constructed the 375-mile-long
Mandalay-Myitkyina Union Highway along the east bank of Ayayawady River.
The 460-foot-long Sinkhan Bridge is the 12th of the bridges with 180 feet and above built by
the government in Kachin State.
After 1988, Tapein, Tabetchaung, Bala Min Htin, Nantmyitkha, Maliyan, Namsanyan,
Mole, Tanai, Hopin, Mogaung and Mohnyin bridges emerged in Kachin State. Now, the
government is implementing Kaunghmulon suspension bridge and Namti bridge (Kanhla) projects
in the region.
Moreover, it is upgrading the 78-mile-long Putao-Machanbaw-Phayukha-Nawngmon Road,
and the 228-mile-long Myitkyina-Namti-Tanai-Shinbweyan-Pansaung-Ledo Road. It will also
upgrade Myitkyina-Putao Road, and Myitkyina-Pansauk-Ledo Road. The table shows the progress
of transport sector in Kachin State.
Mogaung Bridge In Kachin State

Shweli Bridge in Kachin State
Development in the transportation sector of Kachin State


Railways
- Route Mile mile 114.75 122.00 7.25
- Track Mile mile 123.94 131.26 7.32
- Passenger person
(1x1000) 1967.5 2704.0 736.5
- Goods Ton(1x1000) 98.8 108.5 9.7
- Goods/mile mile 14344.8 20003.5 5658.7
- Station station 21 33 12
Development in the transportation sector of Kachin State

Airways
- Airfield field 7 7 -
- above 5000 ft runway airfield field 4 4 -
- under 5000 ft runway airfield field 3 3 -
Extension of motor road mile 1471/0 1652/4 181/4
- bituminous road mile 160/0 323/3 163/3
- metalled road mile 156/0 480/4 324/4
- gravel road mile 886/0 609/3 upgrading
- earth road mile 269/0 239/2 upgrading
Bridge
- Public Works
- Above 180 feet bridge 27 45 18
- completed bridge* bridge 27 44 17
- bridge under construction** bridge - 1 1
- Under 180 feet bridge 63 307 244
- completed bridge bridge 63 307 244
* Completed three above 180 feet bridges **One major bridges under construction
1. Bala Minhtin Bridge (across Ayeyawady river) 1. Kaunghmulon Bridge
2. Tanaing Bridge (Tanaing creek)
3. Kyundaw Bridge
Communication Sector
The government is taking measures for development of the communication sector of
Kachin State. The following table shows progress of the communication sector of the
region.
Development in the communication sector of Kachin State

Post office office 64 82 18
Telegraph office office 20 31 11
Facsimile Num - 64 64
Computer Telegraph Num - 7 7
Telephone Service
Telephone office office 12 55 43
- auto exchange exchange 1 13 12
- manual exchange exchange 11 25 14
- rural exchange exchange - 17 17
- number of line capacity line 1140 18974 17834
- direct line line 876 16795 15919
- auto/manual phone phone 876 10563 9687
- mobile telephone phone - 6232 6232
- D-AMPS phone - 4832 4832
- GSM phone - 1400 1400
Microwave station station - 15 15
E-mail/Internet Num - 36 36
Local satellite ground station
- VSAT station - 3 3
- MPT Satellite Terminal station - 60 60
Local satellite Channel
34
Electric Power
The government is taking systematic measures in order to effectively tap natural resources
in abundance in Kachin State. Hence, there was only a 0.160 megawatt small-scale hydel power
plant (Putao) in 1988. But three medium-scale hydel power plants have emerged in the time of
the Tatmadaw Government.Galine creek 1.260 megawatt, Kyaingkharankha 2.52 megawatt,
Namkhamkha 5 megawatt have increased today.
Beside for Kachin nationalites mali creek 10.5 megawatt has been constructed.
Development in the electric power sector of Kachin State

Electricity consumption unit (in million) 0.371 17.850 17.479
Maximum power megawatt 0.551 14.045 13.494

Current installed power megawatt 0.233 39.014 38.781
Extended generating of electricity
- Hydel power plant completed* plant 1 4 3

- Medium (1to 10 megawatt) plant - 3 3
- Small ( up to 1 megawatt) plant 1 1 -
- Project under implementation** plant - 1 1

- Large Scale (above 10 megawatt) plant - 1 1
- Project to be implemented*** plant - 2 2

Other power plants
-Biogas-used plant plant - 39 39
-Diesel-used plant plant 12 51 39

-private plant plant - 55 55
*Hydel power plant completed

1. Putao 0.160 megawatt (small scale) (1988)
2. Galaingchaung 1.260 megawatt (medium scale) (After 1988)
3. Kyaingkharankha 2.520 megawatt (medium scale) (After 1988)
4. Namkhamkha 5.000 megawatt (medium scale) (After 1988)
**Project under implementation
1. Mali creek 10.500 megawatt (Large)
***Hydel power project to be implemented
1. Mayka, Milika, Myintsone 16500 megawatt (Large)
2. Tabetchaung 24 megawatt (Large)
Industries
As efforts are being made for ensuring development of agriculture as the base and
all-round development of other sectors of the economy as well there have been good foundations
for industrial development in Kachin State. In the past, there were 601 private factories and
workshops but there are now 902 private factories and workshops, 158 cottage industries and
11 State-run factories.
Development in the industrial sector of Kachin State

Upgrading of industrial power
- Private industry industry 601 902 301
- Cottage industry industry - 158 158
State-owned industry industry 11 11 -

Education
The government is striving in all seriousness in order to produce more intellectuals and intelligentsia
and to enhance the education standard of the whole region. More basic education schools were
opened in border areas. In the process, there have emerged 139 basic education schools in border
areas, where altogether nearly 30,0000 student are pursuing education. The strength of teachers
has doubled.
The special 24 development regions have been designated and are being implemented to enable
the national race youths to pursue education within their reach. In the past, there was only one degree
college in Kachin State but there are now two universities, one degree college and one college.
Hence, there were only over 1,000 students who were able to access higher education in
1988. But there are now 17,311 students who are able to do so in the region.
Technological University (Myitkyina)

Development in the education sector of Kachin State

Basic education level
- Number of school school 1178 1317 139
- High school school 30 80 50
- Middle school school 68 88 20
- Post primary school
- Primary school
school
school
-
1080
206
943 } 69
- Multi media classroom room - 71 71

- e-learning centre centre - 36 36
- Number of teacher teacher 4873 8903 4030
- Number of student student 142248 299164 156916
- Preprimary school
- Number of school school - 25 25
- Number of children children - 806 806
Teachers’ education
- Training college and school school 1 - upgraded
- Education College college - 1 1
- Number of trainees trainees 153 665 512
Grade 1 enrolment rate
(KG intake rate ) percent 62.13 96.07 33.94
Adult literacy rate percent 72.70 93.56 20.86
Wastage
- Primary level percent 45.35 3.65 (-)41.7
- Middle level percent 44.93 11.49 (-)33.44
Upgrading of higher education
University, college, degree college 1 3 2
- Art and Secience University university - 2 2
- Degree college college 1 1 -
- No of WAN Sites site - 5 5
- Teaching programmes Num 8 58 50
Human Resource Development centre - 3 3
Centre
Science and Technology

In combination with the education sector, efforts are being made for the emergence of
experts in science and technological sector. With this end in view, two technological universities
and two computer universities have emerged in Kachin State. The four higher learning
institutions in Myitkyina and Bhamo special regions are now producing technocrats and
computer scientists by thousands. One government technological college was also opened in
Mohnyin.
Development in the science and technology sector of Kachin State

Technological University / College Num - 3 3
- Technological University (Myitkyina) university - 1 1
- Number of courses course - 7 7
- Technological University (Bhamo) university - 1 1
- Government Technological College
(Mohnyin) college - 1 1
- Number of teacher teacher - 232 232
- Number of student (graduate) student - 2645 2645
- Number of student (current) student - 1150 1150
- Computer Universities university - 2 2
- Computer University (Myitkyina) university - 1 1
- Computer University (Bhamo) university - 1 1
Mining and Mineral Resources
Loneking/ Phakant treasure Land in Kachin state and 1849 jade blocks have been
increased with the encouragement of the government. Also there are jade (15398) thousand
of killo increased.After 1988 gold, talcum and crystal were also produced in the region.
Lead-Zinc concentrate (5430)ton , Absestos (1120)ton and gold (725)troy ounces have
produced in 2007.
Block of Raw Jade (3940 - ton) found in Nantmaw, Phakant Township, Kachin State
Health
In an effort to ensure uplift of health, fitness and education standards of the entire nation
the government has been providing health care services to local people in Kachin State like
other states and divisions. The number of hospitals has increased from 35 in the past to 45
to date. Likewise, the strength of health staff has increased from 730 in the past to 1315 to
date. There were 112 doctors in 1988 but there are now 253. One traditional medicine
hospital and ten dispensaries were added for ensuring better health care services.
Development in the health sector of Kachin State

Hospital Hospital 35 45 10
- Specialist Hospital Hospital 2 2 -
- 300 Bed Hospital Hospital - 1 1
- 200 Bed Hospital Hospital 1 1 -
- 150 Bed Hospital Hospital 1 - Upgrading
- 100 Bed Hospital Hospital - 2 2
- 50 Bed Hospital Hospital 5 4 Upgrading
- 25 Bed Hospital Hospital 2 5 3
- 16 Bed Hospital Hospital 9 7 Upgrading
- Station hospital Hospital 15 23 8
Health Centres and Teams Center 69 77 8
- Rural Health Centre Center 47 55 8
- Maternal and Child Health Centre Center 19 19 -
- Local Health Centre Center 1 1 -
- School Health Team Team 2 2 -
Health Manpower* Person 730 1315 585
- Doctor Person 112 253 141
- Detal Surgeon Person 13 25 12
- Nurse Person 177 482 305
- Dental Nurse Person 2 6 4
- Health Assistant Person 40 70 30
- Lady Health Visitor Person 57 65 8
- Midwife Person 284 328 44
- Health Supervisor (1)/(2) Person 45 86 41
Traditional Medicine
- Traditional Medicine Hospital
(16 Bed) Hospital - 1 1
- Traditional Medicine Clinic Clinic 5 10 5
Training Schools School 1 2 1
- Nursing Training School School - 1 1
- Midwifery Training School School 1 1 -
Urban and Rural Development
Steps are being taken for development of urban and rural regions in Kachin State while striving
for improvement of socio-economic life of the local people. The length of urban roads including
tarred roads, gravel roads and laterite roads has increased from 215 miles and 3 furlongs in the
past to 356 miles and 7 furlongs to date.
In the past, measures were taken for ensuring water supply to nine towns in Kachin State. At
present, efforts are being made for ensuring water supply to another nine towns. The length of
village-to-village roads has increased from 465 miles in the past to 2091 miles and 7 furlongs to
date for regional development. This includes 58 miles and 1 furlong of bituminous road. To
ensure potable water supply to rural regions, 1104 tasks for water supply were carried out in 543
villages out of 678 villages.
Manaw, a traditional dance of Kachin nationals

Development in the development affairs sector of Kachin State

- Urban Development
- Urban roads mile 215/3 356/7 141/4
- Bituminous road mile 42/5 128/7 86/2
- Metalled road mile 99/2 120/0 20/6
- Granite road mile 7/2 - upgrading
- Earth road mile 66/2 107/7 41/5
- Urban bridge bridge - 341 341
- Concrete bridge - 236 236
- Wood bridge - 63 63
- Conduit conduit - 32 32
-Other bridge - 10 10
- Urban water supply task
Township where tasks to be carried out town 18 9 9
Completed work work 2 9 7
Rural Development
- Rural roads mile 465/0 2091/7 1626/7
- Granite road mile 33/5 6/6 upgrading
- Earth road mile 401/3 1737/3 1336/0
- Rural bridge bridge - 181 181
- Conduit pipe - 8 8
- Other bridge - 3 3
- Rural water supply task
Village where tasks to be carried out village 678 543 543
Completed work work - 1104 1104
- Rural housing house - 15 15
Border Areas and National Races Development

With a view to bringing development to Kachin State and ensuring development of national races,
the government has designated Kachin State Special Region-1 and Kachin State Special Region-
2. Thanks to prevalence of peace and tranquillity in Kachin State the two special regions are
enjoying the fruitful results of development.
Those regions, which lagged behind in development in the pasts, are now making
progress like big cities. The youth development training schools were opened in Myitkyina,
Bhamo and Putao. Arrangements are being made to open vocational training schools in
Bhamo, Putao, Dwonban and Daw-phoneyan.
Development in the border areas and national races

affairs sector of Kachin State

Development regions - 2 2
- Kachin special region-1 region - 1 1
- Kachin special region-2 region - 1 1
Road and bridge
- Earth road mile - 334/1 334/1
- Metalled road mile - 201/5 201/5
- Bituminous road mile - 2/1 2/1
- Bridge(large, small,suspension) bridge - 7/226/23 7/226/23
Health care service
- Hospital hospital - 11 11
- Clinic clinic - 30 30
-Rural health centre centre - 11 11
- Sub rural health centre centre - 13 13
Education
- Primary school school - 178 178
- Middle school school - 11 11
- High school school - 9 9
- Number of Teacher teacher - 907 907
- Number of Student student - 24329 24329

affairs sector of Kachin State
Agriculture
- Agriculture office office - 2 2
- Agriculture camp camp - 8 8
- Dam dam - 2 2
Livestock breeding
- Veternay Farm farm - 1 1
- Veterinary office office - 4 4
- Distribution of cattle, donkey, sheep - 14 14
Energy
- Generator Num - 22 22
- Power station station - 17 17
- Towns With electricity town - 1 1
Public relations
- TV retransmission station station - 14 14
Communications
- Post office office - 3 3
- Telegraph service service - 5 5
- Telephone office - 6 6
Expenditure kyat (in million) - 15112.94 15112.94
- Funds of PBANRDA kyat (in million) - 3282.59 3282.59
- Funds of ministries kyat (in million) - 11830.35 11830.35

Information and Public Relations

The information sector is sending news on efforts of the government serving the
long-term interest of the State and the people and news on economic, social and
science and technology to the people. Kachin State Information and Public Relations
Department is taking the following measures for further cementing friendship among
the national races.
Development in the information and public relations sector
of Kachin State
- TV retransmission station station 2 24 22

- IPRD office office - 29 29
- IPRD library library 14 29 15
- Departmental library library - 15 15
- Rural library library - 1635 1635
- e-library library - 1 1
- Sub-printing house (Myitkyina) house - 1 1
Cultural Museum and Library (Myitkyina)

Snow- capped mountain ranges in Putao, Kachin State

Taung-gwe Ceti
Ngwetaung Dam
Bilu Creek Hydel Power Plant
Microwave Station
Loikaw University

and development in Kayah State
Located in the eastern part of Myanmar, the 4,530-square-mile Kayah State is home to
national races including Kayah, Kayan, Mono, Kayaw, Yintale, Gekho, Geba, living together
with Kachin, Kayin, Chin, Pa-O, Bamar, Mon, Rakhine, Shan and Intha. It is like a small Union
with a population of 327832. Its population density is 72 persons per square mile.
Lying on a high plateau contiguous with the Shan plateau, the elevation of Kayah State is
between 2,950 feet and 6,000 feet above sea level. The raging natural watercourses are flowing
through the mountainous state from the north to south. The Bilu Creek originates at Inlay Lake
and flows through the fertile Loikaw plain where various kinds of crops are cultivated.
In his message sent to the 47th Anniversary Union Day on 12 February 1994, Head of State
Senior General Than Shwe states, “Since its assumption of the State duties, the Gov-
ernment has been giving priority to the cause of nationalities, while placing in the fore
Our Three Main National Causes — Non-disintegration of the Union; non-disinte-
gration of national solidarity; and perpetuation of sovereignty.
The time is ripe for national race groups in the jungles to abandon their armed
struggle line posing as an obstacle to the progress of their own races, and to return
to the legal fold with honour, for energetically servi ng the interest of the Union and
the race.”
Peace is the foundation of progress. With sincere goodwill, Tatmadaw has extended an olive
branch to all the armed groups to return to the legal fold, and its ultimate goal is for prevalence
of peace and stability in the whole Union and for all the national people to enjoy harmonious
progress.
Soon after peace and stability has been restored in Kayah State, it is now witnessing
developments in all sectors. I will now present in comparison the situation of Kayah State in
1988 and at present.
Agriculture
In 1988, Kayah State could not even produce enough food to feed its own people. The
Tatmadaw Government has changed the agricultural patterns and water supply programmes of
the state. It has built Dawtacha Dam in 1997 to irrigate 1000 acres of crops in Bawlake
Township; and Loik-nan-hpa Dam in Demawhso Township to irrigate 2,150 acres of land. In
addition, it has built water pumping stations and small-scale dams to increase the sown acreage
of the state.
The table shows the development of agricultural sector in Kayah State:
Development in the agriculture sector of Kayah State


Land
- Virgin and vacant land acre 172419 44465 increase in
cultivable land
Water supply task
- Task completed* Num 7 9 2
- Benefited acres acre 31601 34751 3150
thousand 2558 6314 3756
Development in the agriculture sector of Kayah State

Progress in maize acreage acre 3431 18223 14792
Rubber acreage acre - 111 111
Tea acre - 10 10
Pepper acre - 9 9
Coffee acre 906 `1220 314
- Groundnut acre 6883 15206 8323
- Sesame acre 1888 14884 12996
- Mustard acre 62 429 367
- Niger acre 475 8703 8228
*Dam Completed
1. Dawtacha Dam, Bawlake Township, Dawtacha village, Benefited acres (1000)
2. Loinanpha Dam, Demoso Township, Loinanpha village, Benefited acres (2150)
Ngwetaung Dam in Kayah State

Livestock and Fisheries

Thanks to the assistance of the Government, the state can double its farming sector, raising
546689 heads of livestock at present, up from 1576112 in 1988. The state is now raising fish
in 401 acres, and in 1988 it had only three acres of fish farms.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Kayah State

- Buffalo head 30151 29292 (-)859
- Cattle head 72719 77811 5092
- Sheep/goat head 1959 2649 690

- Pig head 47981 90921 42940
- Chicken head 387916 1353289 965373
- Duck head 2261 14237 11976


Honey Production
- Bee-hives Num 59 465 406
- Honey Production Pound 100 8200 8100

Forest Conservation
The state grew about 90,000 saplings in 1988. But it planted over 3,920,000 saplings this
year. The table shows the extent of forest conservation work in Kayah State.
Development in the forestry sector of Kayah State

Reserved Forest sq/mile 74 270.00 196
-Commercial plantation acre - 3460 3460
-Village firewood acre - 972 972
-Watershed plantation acre 200 3235 3035
-Thitseint plantation acre - 300 300
(in Million)
Road and Transport
Till 1988, transport was poor in the state. Aungban-Pinlaung-Moebye-Loikaw road, Toungoo-
Leiktho-Yado road and Loikaw-Hopong road served as gateways to the state in the past, but
the latter facility could not be used in all weathers.
The Government has upgraded the roads including the above-mentioned two facilities. Now
the state has 185 miles of motor road including 157 miles and one furlong of bituminous roads.
Loikaw-Ponchaung-Shardaw road, Toungoo-Mawchi-Loikaw road, Bawlake-Ywathit-
Souppaing road, and Hpasawng-Mehsenam-Meseh-Namman road have been upgraded.
The new Aungban-Loikaw railroad linking Shan and Kayah states was commissioned into
service on 27 March 1993. The project covered 106.62 miles of railroad for a distance of
101.92 miles as well as 25 railway stations.
The development of the transport sector of Kayah State is shown in the table.
Development in the transportation sector of Kayah State

Railways
- Route Mile mile - 8.59 8.59
- Track Mile mile - 10.90 10.90
- Passenger person(1x1000) - 9.0 9.0
- passenger/mile mile - 5967.0 5967.0
- Station station - 3 3
Airways
- above 5000 ft runway airfield field 1 1 -
- earth road mile 98/0 126/6 28/6
Bridge
- Public Works
- completed bridge bridge 6 6 -
- bridge under construction* bridge - 1 1
- bridge to be built** bridge - 1 1
*180 feet and** above bridges under construction in Kayah State

Sr Bridge Road River / Creek Target length Type (feet)
1. Hteesekha Tongoo-Loikaw Hteesekha creek 240 RC

Hseseng-Hopong
2. Htoochaung Bawlake-Hpahsaung Htoo creek 240 RC
Communications
The table shows the development of the communication sector of Kayah State.
Development in the communication sector of Kayah State

Facsimile - 32 32
Computer telegraph - 1 1
Telephone Service
-telephone office office 3 15 12
- auto exchange exchange 1 1 -
- auto/manual phone phone - 2173 2173
E-mail/Internet - 5 5
- (MPT Satellite Terminal) station - 18 18
- (MPT Satellite Terminal) station - 72 72

Microwave Station
Electricity
Kayah State, with many falls and rapids, had the large 168-megawatt Bilu Creek Hydel
Power Plant and the small-scale 0.108-megawatt power hydel power station at Hpasaung
before 1988. The Tatmadaw Government built a new 28-megawatt power plant on Bilu Creek.
Power consumption of the state has risen to five times the amount it did in 1988.
The table shows the development of electricity sector of the state:
Development in the electric power sector of Kayah State


- Hydel power plant completed * plant 2 4 2
- Large Scale ( above10 megawatt) plant 1 2 1
- Small ( up to 1 megawatt) plant 1 2 1
- Task to be carried out ** - 1 1
Other power plants
- Diesel-used plant plant 4 25 21
- Private industry plant - 8 8
- Wind energy-used plant plant - 3 3
*Hydel power plant completed

1. Biluchaung(2) 168.000 megawatt (Large scale) (1988)
2. Hpahsaung 0.108 megawatt (small) (1988)
3. Biluchaung(1 ) 28.00 megawatt (Large Scale) (After 1988)
4. Hteasekha 0.02 magawatt (Small) (After 1988)
**Task to be carried out
1. Biluchaung(3) 48 megawatt (large)
Bilu Creek Hydel Power Plant
Industrial Sector
Seven State-owned industries, 35 cottage industries and 288 private industries are running
in the state. The government has given priority to the further development of the sector.
Development in the industrial sector of Kayah State


Private industry plant 274 288 14
- Cottage industry plant - 35 35
State-owned industry plant 4 7 3

Mawchi Mines is producing tin, tungsten and shale. Discovery of marble and antimony after
1988 has generated more job opportunities. The state produced 270 metric tons of marble and
639 metric tons of antimony in 2007.
Education
The education promotion plans of the Government cover Kayah State. The number of
students is increasing as the strength of teachers has risen. The increase in the school enrolment
rate and adult literacy rate in the state is encouraging. KG intake rate has increased to 96.06
percent up from 53.26 percent in 1988.
Loikaw covered by the 24-development zone project has now an arts and science university.
Thus, local youths can pursue higher education in their own region. The following table shows
the sustainable developments the state has been achieving in the education sector since 1988:
Loikaw University
Development in the education sector of Kayah State


- Post primary school school - 34
- Primary school school 299 306
} 41
- Multimedia classroom room - 23 23

Number of teacher teacher 1259 1980 721
Number of student student 29916 56365 26449
- Preprimary school
(KG intake rate) percent 53.26 96.06 42.8
Wastage
University, college, degree college
- Arts and Science University university - 1 1
e - Learning Centre centre - 1 1
No of WAN Sites 1site - 1 1
Teaching Programmes - 40 40
Number of teacher teacher - 124 124
Number of student student - 2665 2665
Centre

Like in all other states and divisions, the science and technology development programme
of Kayah State is gaining more ground. A technological university and a computer university are
producing hundreds of technicians and computer scientists in the state. The two universities
were built after 1988.
Development in the science and technology sector of Kayah State

Technological University university - 1 1
- Technological University (Loikaw) university - 1 1

-Number of courses course - 5 5
-Number of teacher teacher - 72 72
-Number of student (graduate) student - 781 781
-Number of student (current) student - 312 312
-Computer University university - 1 1
Computer University (Loikaw) university - 1 1
-Number of student (graduate) student - 635 635
-Number of student (current) student - 108 108
Health
Health services of the state are also developing as in all other states and divisions. The 150-
bed hospital in Loikaw has been upgraded to a 200-bed facility, and it has been reinforced with
more specialist surgeons. The state has doubled the number of doctors working in it and added
hundreds of health staff of other levels to the related facilities. It has one traditional medicine
hospital and five traditional medicine dispensaries. The following table documents progress of
the health sector:
Development in the health sector of Kayah State

Hospitals Hospital 15 16 1
- 200 Bedded Hospital Hospital - 1 1
- 150 Bedded Hospital Hospital 1 - Upgrading
- 25 Bedded Hospital Hospital 3 6 3
- Station Hospital Hospital 8 8 -
- Hospitals of other Ministry Hospital 1 1 -
Health Centres and Teams Centre 32 36 4
- Rural Health Centre Centre 24 28 4
- Maternal and Child Health Centre Centre 6 6 -
- Primary and Secondary Health
Centre Centre 1 1 -
- School Health Team team 1 1 -
- Dental Sugeon Person 8 12 4
- Health Supervisor 1/2 Person 24 40 16
Training Schools School - 1 1

Development in economic and social sectors has helped improve the standard of towns and
villages in the state. There are now 40 miles more urban roads and 116 more urban bridges
than in 1988. There were no rural roads and bridges in the past. Now the state has 263 miles
3 furlongs of rural roads and 65 rural bridges.
Four towns have now urban water supply system. Seven more towns are also covered by
the urban water supply project. A total of 241 water supply works are being carried out in 143
villages.
Development in the development affairs sector of Kayah State


Urban development
-Urban roads mile 50/2 90/2 40/0
-Bituminous road mile 18/4 23/1 4/5
-Metalled road mile 10/2 37/6 27/4
- Granite road mile - 0/2 0/2
-Earth road mile 21/4 29/1 7/5
-Urban bridge bridge - 116 116
-Concrete bridge - 71 71
-Wood bridge - 45 45
-Urban water supply tasks
Rural Development
-Rural roads mile - 263/3 263/3
-Bituminous road mile - 6/1 6/1
-Metalled road mile - 134/2 134/2
-Granite road mile - 12/7 12/7
-Earth road mile - 110/1 110/1
-Rural bridge bridge - 65 65
-Rural water supply tasks
-Village where tasks to be carried out village 204 143 143
-Completed work work - 241 241
-Rural housing house - 22 22
Development is the result of peace. The development drive in Kayah State indicates the
need for all the national races to constantly enjoy the fruits of peace and progress. The border
areas and national races development project has provided the above-mentioned facilities for
Kayah State:

affairs sector of Kayah State
-Kayah region region - 1 1
Road and bridge
-Bridge( Large/small/suspension) bridge - 2/30/1 2/30/1
Health care service
-Hospital hospital - 6 6
-Clinic clinic - 3 3
-Sub-Rural health centre centre - 17 17
Education
-Primary school school - 35 35
-Middle school school - 8 8
-High school school - 5 5
- Number of Teacher teacher - 371 371
- Number of Student student - 10655 10655

affairs sector of Kayah State

Agriculture
-Agriculture office office - 3 3
-Agriculture camp camp - 5 5
-Dam dam - 10 10
Livestock breeding
-Veterinary office office - 4 4
-Distribution of cattle, donkey, sheep - 12 12
Energy
-Generator - 29 29
-Towns with electricity town - 22 22
Public relations
-TV retransmission station station - 5 5
Communications
-Post office office - 2 2
-Telegraph service service - 3 3
-Telephone office - 3 3
Religions Affairs
- Ceti - 7 7
- Monastery - 43 43
- Monasteric school - 3 3
- other religious buildings - 19 19
-Funds of PBANRDA kyat(in million) - 1498.33 1498.33
-Funds of ministries kyat(in million) - 2646.94 2646.94

The information sector is informing the public about the Government’s endeavours to
serve the interests of the nation and the people energetically, while keeping in the fore Our
Three Main National Causes. The sector has been developed for all the nationalities to
unitedly march to the golden age without fail. The table indicates the sector’s improvement:
Development in the information and public relations sector of Kayah State

-IPRD office office - 8 8
-IPRD library library 3 8 5
-Departmental library library - 26 26
-Rural library library - 367 367
-e-Library library - 1 1
Cultural Museum and Library (Loikaw )

Zwegabin Mountain, the landmark of Kayin State
Gyaing (Kawkareik) Bridge Technological University (Hpa-an)

and development in Kayin State
A mini Union where nationalities including Kayin, Pa-O, Mon, Bamar, Rakhine and
Shan are living in unity and amity, Kayin State lies in the south-eastern sector of Myanmar. With
its population of 1709152 the population density is 146 persons per square mile in Kayin State
covering 11,730.85 square miles.
Kayin State is a land of plains, mountains and forests. In the east are the mountain
ranges running from north to south, and plains are located in the west of the mountain ranges.
Major rivers flowing in the state are the Thanlwin, the Thaungyin, the Attaran and the Gyaing.
At the ceremony to launch the Thanlwin Bridge (Hpa-an) held on 3 August 1997, Head
of State Senior General Than Shwe said, “It is not for the economic profits that a large
amount of funds has been used to build the Thanlwin Bridge (Hpa-an), but for the
development of Kayin State, and for the locals, suffering from various kinds of trou-
bles caused by insurgency, to enjoy a better life .”
It is the sincere goodwill of the Tatmadaw Government to build development infrastruc-
tures in all regions with ardent efforts as soon as it achieves peace and stability. The Govern-
ment is gaining ground in overcoming the backwardness the nation faced in the past, despite
the riches in natural resources, with the power of the heightening development drive. The past
backwardness was due to weakness in unity.
Thanks to the Government’s endeavours, Kayin State has been achieving harmonious
progress as a place where love and unity of the national races is prevailing. I will now present
the situation of the state in 1988 and at present.
Agriculture
The fertile soil, the assistance provided by the Government, and the efforts of the local
people have enabled Kayin State to see a sustainable development in agriculture. Thanks to six
river pumping stations and seven dams, the state can grow 15 thousands more acres of crops
and put over 2,00,000 acres of land under multiple cropping.
Now the state can even grow over 100,000 acres of paddy in summer. In the past,
summer paddy was not cultivated in the state. As the state can double its paddy production,
it can now enjoy surplus food.
The following table shows the sustainable development in cultivating beans and
pulses, edible oil crops, rubber and coffee, in addition to paddy:
Development in the agriculture sector of Kayin State


Land resource
cultivable land
Water supply task

- Task completed Num 6 7 1
- benefited acres acre - 5731 5731
Development in the agriculture sector of Kayin State

thousand 13550 30764 17214
- Regional rice sufficiency per cent 72 135 63
- Sugarcane acreage acre 2825 7305 4480
- Maize acreage acre - 30891 30891
- Rubber acreage acre 9390 106703 97313
- Tea acreage acre 670 1010 340
- Coffee acre 2906 9126 6220
- Pepper acre - 4717 4717
Edible oil crops
- Groundnut acre 15241 27089 11848
- Sesame acre 9198 27884 18686
Physics nut acre - 118144 118144

The goverment promoted livestock industry to increase production of meat. The number of
buffalo, cattle, sheep, goat, pig, chicken and duck has increased over 3790393 compared to
only over 1413739 in 1988.
The state has 396 acres of fish farms, up from 96 acres in 1988 or quadrupled. It has
now 80 acres of prawn breeding ponds. Honey production has been fruitful, reaching the traget
of over 6900 pounds at present.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Kayin State

- Buffalo head 50729 75957 25228

- Cattle head 255112 308728 53616
- Sheep/goat head 29383 55438 26055
- Pig head 95773 239719 143946

- Chicken head 859363 2836327 1976964
- Duck head 103698 239425 135727

- Prawn breeding pond acre - 80 80

Honey Production
- Bee-hives Num - 415 415
- Honey Production pound - 6900 6900

- Pollination service acre - 4620 4620
Forest Conservation
Kayin State is protecting and conserving its forests. It has extended the aress of
reserved forests, sanctuaries and protected public forests. As a public movement, the state has
grown nearly 2000,000 saplings. It has also set up village forest plantations for fuel and
economic purposes in rural areas. It has also conserved the watershed areas to maintain the
waterway systems of natural watercourses. Please see the table showing the forestry sector to
know the state’s forest conservation endeavours:
Development in the forestry sector of Kayin State

Natural land area sq/mile 115.48 115.48 -
- Commercial plantation acre 400 6332 5932
- Watershed plantation acre - 1285 1285
Mass tree planting Tree
(in Million) 0.01 1.91 1.90
Road and Transport

With the conviction — the development in roads and bridges will add strength to the
nation — the Government has been developing the road and transport sector of the state
with greater momentum. In the past, there were no bridges across Thanlwin River. Today
there are three bridges 180 over feet and three large bridges, altogether there are large six
bridges increase. Government commissioned into service the 2,252-foot Thanlwin Bridge
(Hpa-an) on 3 August 1997. It also built the 2,900-foot Gyaing River Bridge (Zathabyin)
in Hpa-an Township and 1,200-foot Gyaing River Bridge (Kawkareik) in Kawkareik
Township. Pyaing Kyone bridge is constructed in 2007 in Hlaingbwe Township.
Gyaing (Kawkareik) Bridge
In addition to the bridges, it has also built Mudon-Myawady road, Thaton-Myaingale-
Bakap-Hpa-an road, Thaton-Myaingale-Kawkareik road, Zathabyin-Eindu-Hpa-an road,
Hpa-an-Kawkareik-Myawady road, and Thandaungyi-Thandaung road. The state now has
increased 217 miles of road including 144 miles of tarred roads.
The rail-cum-road Donthami Bridge linking Kayin and Mon States was inaugurated
in 2002. The bridge is 600 feet long.The Myawady-Kawkareik-Hlaingkwet-Winka-
Metharaw-Mudon road section and Myawady-Kawkareik-Hpa-an-Thaton road section are
inclusive in the Asian highways, ASEAN highways and other transnational highways plus
Mekong Basin Region highway that will pass through the nation for its development. The
table shows the development of the state’s road and transport sector:
Development in the transportation sector of Kayin State

Railways
- Route Mile mile 16.00 16.00 -
- Track Mile mile 16.75 16.75 -
- Goods Ton(1x1000) - 77.5 77.5
- Goods/mile mile - 14170.2 14170.2
- Station station 6 6 -
Airways
- earth road mile 130/0 198/6 68/6
Bridge
- Public Works
*Three above 180 feet bridges built under special project

1. Thanlwin Bridge (Hpa-an) - Thanlwin River 2252 feet steel frame
2. Gyaing (Zathabyin) Bridge - Gyaing River 2900 feet steel frame suspension
3. Gyaing (Kawkareik) Bridge - Gyaing River 1200 feet Bailey type suspension
Communications
The table of communication sector indicates the development of the sector in Kayin
State:
Development in the communication sector of Kayin State

Facsimile 1 25 24
Telephone
- telephone office office 5 24 19
- ARTS phone - 229 229
Microwave station station 1 6 5
(MPT Satellite Terminal) station - 23 23
Electricity
The Government has been applying innovative means to fully tap the country’s rich
water resources for serving the interest of Myanmar and her national races till posterity.
Kayin State had only one hydel power station in Papun before 1988. It was a 0.062-
megawatt facility. The power consumption of the state then was only about 10 million units. The
Tatmadaw Government built one diesel power station and one 2.2 megawatt hydel power plant
(pati) and linked the electricity generated by them to the national grid. Thus, Kayin state’s power
consumption has increased to nearly 200 million units. But it is only one step of development
drive. The Government is implementing two major hydel power plant projects in the state to
significantly increase its power consumption. One is the 25-megawatt Dayaing Creek (Paingkyon)
Hydel Power Project and the other is the Hatgyi Hydel Power Project that will generate 1360
megawatts in the first stage, and 200 megawatts in the second stage. Now, I will present the
state’s electricity sector with the table.
Development in the electric power sector of Kayin State

Electricity consumption unit(in million) 10.274 151.072 140.798

- Medium (1-10 megawatt) plant - 1 1
- Project under implementation** project - 2 2
- Large scale (up to 10 megawatt) - 2 2
Other power plants
- Combined cycle power plant plant - 1 1
Wind- energy - used plant plant - 10 10
*Hydel Power Plant Completed

1. Hpapun 0.062 megawatt (small) (1988)
Thanlwin Bridge (Hpa-an)
2. Pati 2.200 megawatt (medium) (After 1988)
** Hydel power project under implementation
1. Hatgyi 1360 megawatt (large)
2. Dayaingchaung 25 megawatt (large)
78
Industries
The state now has 514 private industries, up from 409 in 1988. The number of cottage
industries in the state is 128. Previously, there were only seven State-owned industries. In time
of Tatmadaw government, one new State-owned industry has been commissioned into services
in the state to generate more job opportunities. The state has already had eight State-owned
industries.
Development in the industrial sector of Kayin State

- Private industry plant 409 514 105


Kayin State could not produce any mineral on commercial scale in the past. At present, it
has produced gypsum 830945 ton, refined lead 2523 ton, earth 20712 ton.
Education
The education policy of the Government covers developing the education sector of all states
and divisions and producing human resources. Kayin State is also producing brilliant human
resources that will serve its interest in the future.
At present, there are 1,297 high, middle and primary schools in Kayin State, and nearly
7,000 teachers. The number of students is over 200,000. In 1988, there was only one college
in Kayin State. Now the state is one arts and science university and one education college. In
the past only a few hundred students pursued higher education. Now the number has increased
forty-folds.
Kayin State is now enjoying significant increase in the school enrolment rate and adult literacy
rate while reducing the school dropout rate. The table shows the readers the development of
the state’s education sector.
Hpa-an University
Development in the education sector of Kayin State


- Primary school school 1064 1007} 97

- Preprimary school
Development in the education sector of Kayin State

- Education college college - 1 1
- Number of trainees trainee - 642 642
Wastage
- University, college, degree college 1 1 -
- College college 1 - Upgraded
- e-Learning Centre centre - 2 2
- No of WAN Sites site - 3 3
- Teaching programmes 8 40 32
Human ResourceDevelopment Centrecentre - 1 1

The State is making arrangements to increase the number of intellectuals as well as intelligentsia
in Kayin State. Hpa-an, the capital of the state, now has a computer university and a technological
university in addition to the arts and science university. The two universities have already
produced nearly 2276 technicians to this date. A total of 148 teachers are giving lectures to
838 students at the two universities.
Development in the science and technology sector of Kayin State


- Technological University (Hpa-an)university - 1 1
- Computer University (Hpa-an) university - 1 1
Computer University (Hpa-an)

Technological University (Hpa-an)
Health
The Government’s health care services also cover Kayin State. More hospitals have been
opened and the existing ones upgraded. Under the 24-development zone project,Hpa-an has
got a 200-bed hospital. Nine more hospitals and eight more health care centres have been
opened in the state since 1988.
The Government has been appointing more health staff including specialists to the state. In
addition to the existing midwifery school, a new nursing school has been opened in the state.
One traditional medicine hospital and nine dispensaries are taking care of the health of locals
in the state. The table reflects the Government’s goodwill towards Kayin State concerning the
health sector.
Development in the health sector of Kayin State

Hospital hospital 17 26 9
- 100 Bedded Hospital Hospital 1 1 -
- 25 Bedded Hospital Hospital 5 4 Upgrading
- Station Hospital Hospital 10 18 8
- Regional Health Centre Centre 1 1 -
Health Manpower Person 486 770 284
- Dental Sugeon Person 9 15 6
- Dental Nurse Person - 1 1
- Midwifery School School 1 1 -

With the belief — Towns will develop only with the rural development — the Govern-
ment has extended its development drive to cover all towns and villages in the state. The
state now has 57 miles of urban bituminous roads and 246 urban bridges.
Six towns now have clean water supply, and one more town will receive it under the
project. A total of 435 waterworks have been erected in 313 villages for providing potable
water to them. The state has seen the emergence of 1,333 miles (93 miles have been
tarred) of new rural roads.
Development in the development affairs sector of Kayin State

Urban development
- Urban roads mile 67/3 95/7 28/4

- Earth road mile 22/5 21/4 upgrading

- Others bridge - 1 1
Township where tasks to be carried town 7 6 6

out
Development in the development affairs sector of Kayin State

Rural Development
- Rural roads mile 329/5 1662/6 1333/1
- Granite road mile 12/5 66/0 53/3
- Earth road mile 313/1 1287/3 974/2
- Others bridge - 9 9
- Rural water supply tasks
- Village where tasks to be carried outvillage 480 313 313
- Completed work work - 435 435

Kayin State is covered by the Tatmadaw Government’s border areas and national races
development drive. The entire nation sees with pleasure the regional development in the state
due to the harmonious efforts of the Government and the national race groups that have returned
to the legal fold.
In addition to opening opportunities for local youths to pursue arts and science subjects and
computer science and technology of the higher learning, the Government has also opened a
vocational training centre and a youth development training school in Hpa-an.
The Government is gaining success in warding off the evil legacies of the past. It is
reinforcing new strength for development of border areas and national races. The table shows
the Government’s endeavours.
Development in the border areas and national races affairs

sector of Kayin State
- Kayin region - 1 1
Road and bridge
-Bridge(large, small, suspension) bridge - 6/86/- 6/86/-
Health care service
- Rural health centre centre - 9 9
- Sub-rural health centre centre - 17 17
Education
- Number of student student - 19767 19767

Development in the border areas and national races affairs

sector of Kayin State
Agriculture
- Dam dam - 1 1
Livestock breeding
Energy
- Generator - 18 18
- Towns with electricity town - 15 15
Public relations
Communications
- Telegraph office office - 5 5
- Telephone service service - 2 2
Religions Affairs
- Monastery - 15 15
- other religious buildings - 4 4

The information sector is distributing the news about the Government’s endeavours to
consolidate national solidarity, and to narrow the development gap between one region
and another with the conviction — all the national people will join hands in the national
development and modernization drive with goodwill and unity. The table shows the
state’s drive towards reaching the golden land.
Development in the information and public relations sector of

Kayin State
- e-Library library - 3 3
Cultural Museum and Library (Hpa-an)

Reed Lake, the significant natural gift of Chin State
Mansaung Bridge Technological University (Kalay)

and development in Chin State
Located in the western part of the Union of Myanmar, the 13,906.92 square-mile Chin State
is home to Chin, Mro, Khami and Bamar national races. A union within the Union, the state has
a population of about 526061 and its population density is 38 persons per square mile.
It is a mountainous region, with very few plains. Many natural watercourses are flowing
among mountain ranges running from north to south forming a number of valleys and gorges.
Mount Victoria or Mount Khawnusoum, 10,200 feet high, is the highest peak in Chin State.
The state has a lot of rivers, and the Manipura River flows through its northern territory.
During his tour of the country to make arrangements for regional development in the first
week of March 1994, Head of State Senior General Than Shwe gave guidance, saying,
“There may be difficulties and hardships in carrying out development undertakings.
But our current sacrifices will bring benefits to us to a certain degree, and will
contribute to improving the living standard of the people till posterity. Thus, we all
need to work with conviction and goodwill.”
As some regions of the nation were in backwardness, the Tatmadaw had to double or triple
its efforts to develop and modernize the whole Union and to narrow the development gap
among the people, with the participation of the national races.
Thanks to the goodwill endeavours of the Government, Chin State is enjoying progress in
all sectors. Now, I will compare the situation of the state in the past and at present.
Agriculture
The Government is making utmost efforts for the local people to utilize the land and water
resources of the mountainous region, with very few plains, to the most effective degree.
It built Laingva Dam in Falam Township and opened it on 6 April 1994 to irrigate 500 acres
of crops. In many cases, man has the ability to accomplish what was assumed impossible. The
Government had to overcome many difficulties in building the Laingva Dam on the uneven
terrain. The dam is now contributing towards progress of the state’s agriculture.
The Government has targeted to set up over 1.1 million acres of highland farms in the
mountainous regions where crop cultivation was difficult. The state itself had reclaimed 1276
acres of highland farms.
The Tatmadaw is also rendering assistance to cultivate crops that grow well in the state, and
implementing the project to turn Chin State into a major tea growing region. The state can now
increase tea sown acreage to more than a hundred times from merely 121 acres in 1988 to
17264 acres at present.
The Manipura Multipurpose Dam Project in Falam Township will irrigate large stretches of
land and generate electricity. Annually, seven million acre-feet of water is flowing into the
Manipura Dam.
The table shows the sustainable development of the agricultural sector in Chin State.
Sunflower plantations
Development in the agriculture sector of Chin State


Land resource
- Virgin and vacant land acre 4144794 2991638 1153156
Water supply task
Development in the agriculture sector of Chin State


Total benefited acres - 500 500
- Total production basket 2419 5504 3085
(in thousand)
- sugarcane acreage acre 202 839 637
- maize acreage acre 48396 90901 42505
- rubber acreage acre - 25 25
- coffee acreage acre 1560 1251 (-)309
- Tea acreage acre 121 17385 17264
Edible oil crops
- Groundnut acre 811 5225 4414
- Sesame acre acre 3535 7341 3806
- Mustard acre acre 492 2221 1729
- Niger acre acre 405 4662 4257

The Government has been helping Chin State to catch up with other regions in fish and meat
sector. The state raises nearly 2.9 million heads of livestock at present, up from only about one
million in 1988. In the past, there were 16 acres of fish ponds, but now, there are 101 acres
of fish ponds. The Government has given encouragement to raise native animals.
94
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Chin State

- Buffalo head 19636 40674 21038
- Cattle head 83918 132862 48944
- Sheep/goat head 37664 67129 29465
- Pig head 139270 236267 96997
- Chicken head 721074 2404055 1682981
- Duck head 8010 25150 17140
Forests Conservation
Thanks to the cooperation of the Government and the local people, forest conservation and
plantation in the state is gaining more progress than that in the past. Many new protected public
forests have been set up and tree plantation in the state shows encouraging signs of improve-
ment.
The past mass movement managed to grow only about 50000 saplings. At present more
people are taking part in the task. The state has planted 6330000 saplings. We would like to
prove the state’s progress in the forestry sector with the table.
Development in the forestry sector of Chin State


(in Million) 0.05 6.38 6.33
Road and Transport

The Government has been building many new miles of roads in the mountainous region.
Earth roads have been upgraded into metalled ones, and the metalled roads to bituminous
facilities. The 115 mile Kalay-Falam-Haka road has already completed at present. Bituminous
roads including 70 mile and four furlong Gangaw-Haka road, 102 mile Mindat-Matupi road,
172 mile and seven furlong Haka-Matupi road, 115mile and one furlong Kalay-Falam-Haka
road and Kyaukhtu-Mindat road, linking Chin State and Magway Division, have been built.
The sector-wise upgrading of the gateways to Chin State — Mandalay-Sagaing-Monywa-
Gangaw-Haka road and Pakokku-Pauk-Tabyin-Kyaukhtu-Mindat road — is in progress at
present.
The Kyaukhtu Airport, built by Directorate of Military Engineers of the Ministry of Defence in
Kyaukhtu, Saw Township, Gangaw District, Magway Division, was commissioned into service on
10 July 2004. The airport has helped develop the transport sector of southern Chin State linking Yaw
and Pakokku regions in Magway Division. Cars can reach Kanpetlet, Mindat and Matupi in
southern Chin State from Kyaukhtu via Saw. In 1988, the state had two over 180 foot bridges
— the 270 foot Natzan Bridge in Tonzang Township and the 240 oot Lemyo Bridge in
Matupi Township. The Tatmadaw Government has built the 340 foot Var Bridge across
Inauguration ceremony of Mindat-Matupi Road
Development in the transportation sector of Chin State

Airways
- gravelled road mile 30/0 18/3 upgrading
Bridge
- Public Works
Manipura River on Kalay-Haka road in Falam Township in 1998, and 480 foot Kattel Bridge
across River Manipura on Tiddim-Kattel-Reh Lake road in Tiddim Township in 2002. The
460 foot Manhsaung Bridge is being built across Manipura River on Tiddim-Reh Lake section.
Significant developments in the state’s road and transport sector can be seen in the table.
Mansaung Bridge
Communications
The table indicates the development in the communication sector of the state including the
rise in the number of telephones.
98
Development in the communication sector of Chin State

Computer telegraph Num - 3 3
Telephone Service 16 47 31
- auto exchange exchange - 3 3
Electricity
The effective utilization of land and water resources in the state has helped develop the
power generation capacity of the state.
In 1988, the state has four small scale hydel power stations — the Zarlwi in Tiddim Township,
the Daungvar in Haka Township, the Ngasitvar in Falam Township, and the Paletwa in Paletwa
Township. The Tatmadaw Government has built six hydel power plants.
The six new hydel power plants are: the 0.2 megawatt Namhlaung Creek plant in Matupi
Township, the 0.6 megawatt Laingva plant in Falam Township, the 0.2 megawatt Htweehsaung
plant in Tonzang Township, the 0.2 megawatt Chichaung plant, 0.05 megawatt Thinthei
creek and 0.05 megawatt Lingbon creek in Mindat Township.
The Manipura Multipurpose Dam Project will be implemented in Chin State. The Table informs
the reader about the development of the state’s electricity sector.
Development in the electric power sector of Chin State


Installed power magawatt 2.170 5.791 3.621
Extened generating of electricity
- Small ( up to 1 megawatt) plant 4 10 6
- Project to be implemented** plant - 1 1
- Large ( 380 megawatt) plant - 1 1
- Private Plant Plant - 102 102
*Completed Hydel power plant

1. Zarlwi 0.400 megawatt (small) 1988
2. Dongvar 0.4000 megawatt (small) 1988
3. Ngasitvar 1.000 megawatt (small) 1988
4. Paletwa 0.050 megawatt (small) 1988
5. Namhlaungchaung 0.200 megawatt (small) (After 1988)
6. Laiva 0.600 megawatt (small) (After 1988)
7. Htweesaung 0.200 megawatt (small) (After 1988)
8. Chichaung 0.200 megawatt (small) (After 1988)
9. Thinthei 0.050 megawatt (small) (After 1988)
10.Lingbon 0.050 megawatt (small) (After 1988)
**Hydel power plant to be implemented
1. Manipuya 380 megawatt (large)
Industrial Sector
Due to the facilitation of the transport and communication sectors and increase in the power
generation in the state, many new private industries have emerged in the region. The state now has
526 private industries, 183 more than 343 in 1988. The number of State-owned industries has
now reached nine from five in the past. The Government has been striving to develop the industrial
sector of the state which will become a major tea-growing region in the nation.
Development in the industrial sector of Chin State


Industry
- State-owned industry industry 5 9 4
Education
The education sector of the state, with a population of only over 500,000, is witnessing
significant progress due to the Government’s assistance and encouragement. One-fifth of the
population or over 100,000 are students attending classes at basic education schools.
The Government has opened 86 new schools to open more opportunities for the youths to
pursue basic education. An arts and science university has been opened in the state for students to
be able to pursue higher education studies in their own region. Thus, the school dropout rate goes
down in the state.
The table shows the development of the state’s education sector covered by the 30 year
education promotion plan of the nation.
Development in the education sector of Chin State


} 49

Development in the education sector of Chin State


- Preprimary school
Grade 1 enrolment rate( KG intake percent 67.97 95.4 27.43
rate)
Adult literacy rate
School dropout rate percent 56.9 94.77 37.87
University, college, degree college - 1 1
- Arts and Science University - 1 1
No of WAN sites site - 1 1
Teaching programmes - 40 40
Human Resource Development centre 1 1
Centre

The nation is providing assistance to Chin State to catch up with other regions in producing
scientists and intelligentsia. A technological university and a computer university in Kalay has
already produced over 1571 intellectuals and intelligentsia. The two universities have 835
students.
The table shows the present development of the science and technology sector of Chin State
being undertaken by the State.
Development in the science and technology sector of Chin State


- Technological University (Kalay)university - 1 1
- Computer University (Kalay) university - 1 1
Technological University (Kalay)

Health
The health sector of the state is developing in harmony with the population growth. A 150-
bed hospital has been installed with advanced equipment. Moreover, a 25 bed hospital has been
upgraded to a 50-bed facility, and two 50 bed hospital to 100 bed ones. Six new station
hospitals have been built in the state. The number of specialist physician and doctors working
in the state has increased two folds. Over 200 more nurses have been assigned to the state.
Seven traditional medicine dispensaries are treating patients. A nursing school has been opened
to increase the number of nurses working in the state. The Government has been improving the
life expectancy of the state to catch up with other regions. The table offers the readers to study
the health development of the state.
Development in the health sector of Chin State

- 150 Bedded Hospital Hospital 1 1
- 100Bedded Hospital Hospital - 2 2
-16 Bedded Hospital Hospital 3 3 -
- School Health Team team 2 2 -
- Dental Surgeon Person 10 15 5
Traditional medicine
Training Schools School - 1 1
- Nurses Training School School - 1 1

In the past, Chin State had only over five miles of urban roads. Now the state has 58 miles
of urban roads including 11 miles of bituminous roads. In addition, 17 bridges have been put
into service in rural area and 29 in urban area.
The state had 85 miles of village-to-village roads in the past. Now the length of rural roads in
the state has reached 797 miles. Nine towns now have clean water supply.
Work is under way to supply potable water to 245 villages.
Development in the development affairs sector of Chin State


Urban development
- metalled road mile - 8/4 8/4
- Wood bridge - 5 5
- Urban water supply tasks
- Township where tasks to be carried town 9 9 9
out
- Completed work work 2 9 7
Rural Development
- Rural roads mile 85/0 797/1 712/1
- bituminous road mile - 6/5 6/5
- metalled road mile - 46/6 46/6
- Earth road mile 85/0 743/6 743/6
- Village where tasks to be carried out village 616 245 245

The Government is developing the central regions of the state, and has covered the godforsaken
regions with border areas and national races development project. Six vocational schools have been
opened in Kanpetlet, Mindat, Matupi, Tiddim, Haka and Falam and ten youth development training
schools in Kalay, Matupi, Kanpetlet, Falam, Htan-talang, Tonzang, Haka, Tiddim and Mindat
for the local people to earn their living. The table shows the success of the project in the state.

affairs sector of Chin State

Development regions region - 1 1
- Chin region region - 1 1
Road and bridge
- Bridge (Large / small/ suspension) bridge - 2/1/6 2/1/6
Health care service
- Sub Rural health centre - 3 3
Education
Livestock breeding
- Veterinary farm Num - 1 1
Energy
- Town / village - 2 2
Public relations
Communications

affairs sector of Chin State
Religions Affairs
- Ceti Num - 8 8
- Monastery Num - 56 56
- Monasteric school Num - 3 3
- other religious bulidings Num - 6 6
- Funds of PBANRDA kyat(in million) - 1262.40 1262.40
- Funds of ministries kyat(in million) - 5197.85 5197.85

The information sector is distributing news about the Government endeavours with the aim
of harmoniously developing all the regions of the Union and narrowing development gap
between one region and another.
The sector is helping the national brethren to march to the golden land in unity and amity. The
table shows the progress of the information sector.
Development in the information and public relations sector of Chin State


- IPRD library library - 12 12
- Departmental Library library - 1 1
Kyaikhtiyoe Pagoda
Thanlwin Bridge (Mawlamyine) Yadana natural gas project


and development in Mon State
Residing in harmony with Mons and Bamars in the Mon State are the Kachin, Kayin, Chin,
Pa-O, Rakhine and Shan national races. A union within the Union, the 4747.76-square-mile
Mon State has a population of about 2936674 and its population density is 619 persons per
square mile.
Alongside the mountain ranges reaching up to 1,500 feet in elevation, are the vast plains on
which Thanlwin, Sittoung, Bilin, Attaran, Gyaing and Ye rivers flow.
There are also coastal plains on the banks of Thanlwin River and Sittoung River mouths. The
mountain ranges including Zingyaik and Taungnyo ranges are running from north to south in the
state.
In his message to the 75th Anniversary National Day in 1995, Chairman of the State Peace
and Development Council Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Senior General Than
Shwe stated, “The time is ripe for all to march hand in hand, with steadfast and
strong resolve, to reach a well-rounded modern nation soonest, while utilizing the
rich natural resources and economic resources effectively in the country's interest,
based on the prevailing internal peace and stability.”
All the citizens who love the Union and who wish to see the motherland catching up with
world nations will have to work in unity, with Union Spirit as the foundation.
Thanks to the ardent participation of the people, the Government is gaining more ground in
launching its development drive covering all the states and divisions on self-reliant efforts,
without taking any foreign assistance. Now, the developments of Mon State will be presented.
Agriculture
The Government is reclaiming more land and cultivating more crops in Mon State, where
agriculture is the base of its economy.
Ardent implementation of irrigation projects to introduce year-round cultivation system has
added nearly 200,000 more acres in the state, which in the past had only about 1357
irrigated acres. The outcome of the project is the emergence of more than 115157 acres of
double-cropping farms.
In 1988, there were only Kazaing Dam, benefiting 300 acres in Bilin Township, and Phanon
Sluice Gate irrigating 290 acres in Kyaikmaraw Township. The Tatmadaw Government has
built Azin and Winphanon dams in Mudon Township, Wapa Dam and Zaikkaye and Kyonhtaw
sluice gates in Thaton Township, Shwenattaung Dam in Mawlamyine Township, and Bilin Dam
in Bilin Township, and the facilities are irrigating over 2000000 acres of land.
Paddy production in Mon State has exceeded the local demand thanks to the cultivation of
73665 acres of summer paddy in addition to monsoon paddy.
Kataik Reservoir in Paung Township, Thahton District

Development in the agriculture sector of Mon State

Land resource
Water supply task cultivable land
- Task under implementation* Num 1 1
River water pumping station
thousand 31487 57462 25975
- Regional rice sufficiency per cent 104 167 63
Progress in acreage of rubber acre 76607 356305 279698
Oilpalm acre 1201 1708 507
Tea acre 92 92
Progress in acreage of pepper acre - 30380 30380
Acreage of edible oil crop
- Groundnut acre 12883 22320 9437
- Sesame acre 6576 8569 1993
*Dams under construction

1. Kadaik 10000 acre (Paung)
2. Katun Sluice Gate 20000 acre (Paung)
3. Hsandawtaung (2004-2005)
Kadaik Dam, with 10,000-acre irrigation capacity, in Paung Township and Katun Sluice
Gate, which will irrigate 20,000 acres of crops, and Hsandawtaung Dam are under
construction at present in the state.
Five units of waterworks are pumping water from Attaran, Bilin, and Gyaing rivers for
irrigating nearly 4000acres of crops in Mon State, which had not a single river water
pumping project in 1988. Two more river pumping stations are under construction. Apart
from paddy, beans and pulses sown acreage is increasing in the state, and all-round assistance
of the Government has quadrupled rubber sown acreage to 356305 acres. Likewise, pepper
cultivation has increased up to 30380 acres.
The table offers readers to study the agricultural development of Mon State during the
time of the Tatmadaw Government.
Seikkyun Sluice Gate


Mon State has seen 200 per cent increase in the livestock and fishery sector. It now raises
over 6.2 million heads of livestock, up from 1.6 million in the past. The state now has 842 acres
of fish farms, up from 239 acres in 1988. Hatchery industry has increased double. In the past,
its capacity was only about 200,000.
The state is raising prawn in 1125 acres of farms. In the past prawn breeding in the state
was even hard to imagine.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Mon State


- Buffalo head 66497 79606 13109
- Cattle head 331763 417440 85677
- Sheep/goat head 27911 70361 42450
- Pig head 76107 236494 160387
- Chicken head 856968 4471782 3614814
- Duck head 230713 878814 648101
Forest Conservation
The area of reserved forests, protected public forests and wildlife parks is increasing.
Kyaikhtiyoe wildlife sanctuary has emerged in Kyaikto Township and Kelatha wildlife sanctuary,
in Bilin Township. The state has seen eight-fold increase in forest plantations, and in the
meantime it has grown over four million saplings during the time of the Tatmadaw Government
thanks to the public participation. The mass movement in the past could grow only about
100,000 saplings in 1988.The table indicates the development of forest conservation and
plantation in the state.
Development in the forestry sector of Mon State


Natural land area sq/mile 9.24 69.56 60.32
- Industrial plantation acre 4000 18500 14500
(in Million) 0.10 4.46 4.36
Road and Transport

Mon State is upgrading the existing roads including the Myainggale-Zathabyin-Mawlamyine
road and increasing the number of bridges for ensuring smooth and secure transport to a greater
degree. In the past, the state had only three over 180-foot bridges — the 200-foot Khawa
Creek Bridge, the 470-foot Ye Creek Bridge, and the 648-foot Bilin Creek Bridge. The
Government has built the 180-foot Winphanon Bridge, the 180-foot Deepadaw Bridge, the
190-foot Kwamkyaik Bridge and the 180-foot Thebyu Creek Bridge.
The Government put into service the 1,420-foot Attaran River Bridge on Mawlamyine-
Zathabyin-Hpa-an road in Mawlamyine Township on 26 March 1998. The facility is covered
by the State’s special projects.
The Tatmadaw is also building new trans-regional railroads and new railroad bridges in the
state. It opened the 600-foot Donthami rail-cum-road Bridge on Thaton-Myainggale railroad
linking Kayin State and Mon State in January 2002.
Ye-Dawei Railroad connecting the state and Taninthayi Division was inaugurated on 26
March 1998 to further enhance friendship among the national races and regional economy. The
102.38-mile Ye-Dawei Rail road section line includes 111.99 Route mile
Development in the transportation sector of Mon State

Railways
- Route mile mile 195.51 220.70 25.19
- Track mile mile 252.30 288.90 36.60
- Passenger/ mile mile 162535.7 232001.0 69465.3
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 185.5 197.2 11.7
- Goods/mile mile 19185.7 30009.1 10823.4
Airways
- above 5000 ft runway airfiled field 1 1 -
Water transport
- Jetty (Inland) jetty 8 9 1
Bridge
- Public Works
- Completed bridges* bridge 3 6 3
- Bridges under construction** bridge - 1 1
*two major bridges built under special project **Bridge under consturction
1.Attaran Bridge (Mawlamyine) 1.Sittoung Bridge (Mokepalin)
2. Sittoung Bridge (Bilin)
3. Thanlwin Bridge (Mawlamyine)
and 23 railway stations. The 850-foot rail-cum-road Ye Bridge on the railroad was commis-
sioned into service on 25 November 2003 in Mon State.
In addition, a magnificent bridge and a symbol of the people and the Tatmadaw’s construc-
tion ability and unity has emerged in Mon State. It is no other than the 11,575-foot (over two
miles long) rail-cum-road Thanlwin Bridge (Mawlamyine) which was put into service on 5-2-
2005 , the longest and most impressive bridge in Myanmar and a milestone in the road transport
sector of Mon State and the Union itself.
Bordering Bago Division, Kayin State and Taninthayi Division, Mon State is a place where
the Asian and ASEAN highways will pass through. Please study the table to know the development
of road and transport sector in the state.
Thanlwin Bridge (Mawlamyine),

the longest and the largest in Myanmar
Communication
The government is ensuring a harmonious development of the communication facilities in the
whole nation, and the table shows the communication development of the state.
Development in the communication sector of Mon State


Facsimile Num 1 48 47
Telephone Service
- Mobile telephone phone - 2504 2504
- GSM phone - 2504 2504
Microwave station station 9 9 -
MPT Satellite Terminal station - 38 38
Electricity
The government is effectively harmnessing the water resources of the regions for their all-
round progress. Apart from irrigation, dams are being built to generate power, which has been
contributed to the national grid to supply power to all regions fair and square. Like in all other
states and divisions power generation and consumption are increasing in Mon State, and the
table has detailed data about the electricity sector.
Development in the electric power sector of Mon State

Installed power megawatt 49.819 87.118 37.299
- Hydel power plant completed* plant 1 1 -
- Hydel power Project to be
carried out ** plant - 1 1
- Large (above 280 megawatt) plant - 1 1
Other power plants
- Steam-power plant plant 2 1 (-)1
(Megapower
Supply Extension)
- Natural gas-fired-power plant plant 1 1 -
- Diesel-used plant plant 6 6 -

- Biogas-used plant plant - 1 1
- Private plant plant - 1607 1607
*Completed hydel power plant
1. Zinkyaik 0.198 megawatt (small) 1988
Completed steam power plant
1. Mawlamyine 12.000 megawatt (large) 1988
2. Thaton 18.000 megawatt (large) 1988
Completed natural gas-fired power plant
1. Thaton 18.450 megawatt (large) 1988
Hydel power project to be carried out
1. Belin 280 megawatt (large)
Yadana natural gas project
Industrial Sector
The Government is increasing the power output of the state as well as its industrial
production. It is introducing industries to the regions which had less industries and laying
sound foundations in the regions with better industrial base. In this way, it is building an
agro-based industrial nation.
Mawlamyine Industrial Zone is included in the 19 industrial zones the nation has set up.
There is more room for the private and cottage industries to develop in the state, and 33 State-
owned factories are manufacturing goods. The table will tell you about the industrial develop-
Yadana Natural Gas Field of
ment in Mon State.
Moattama Offshore
Development in the industrial sector of Mon State
-Industrial zones Zone - 1 1
-Industries industry - 209 209
-Private industry industry 1353 2436 1083
-Cottage industry industry - 455 455
State-owned industry industry 29 33 4

Harmonious development of the state includes the mining and mineral sector. The eleven
gold mines have produced 59 troy ounces of gold to this date. The state has produced 295
metric tons of limestone,202 tons of slate and 392 metric tons of granite. A newly found lead
and tungsten mixed deposit has produced two metric tons compared to 0.98 metric tons in
1988.
Education
The education indicators are improving according to the rate of population increase in the
state. A total of 187 new schools have been opened in the state and more than 3000 teachers
have been appointed. The state’s primary school enrolment rate is nearly cent per cent. In
1988, the state had only one arts and science university in Mawlamyine. The Government has
opened one arts and science college and one education college in the state, which sees over
double increase in the number of higher education students.
The table has the data about the education development in Mon State.
Mawlamyine University, Mon State

Development in the education sector of Mon State

- Post primary school school - 165 } 120
- Preprimary school
- Training college and school school 1 - upgrading
- Number of trainees trainee 409 1085 676
Wastage
University, college, degree college 1 1 -
- Arts and Science University 1 1 -
e-Learning Centre centre - 2 2
No of WAN sites site - 1 1
Teaching programmes Num 31 72 41
Human Resource Development centre 1 1
Centre

Mon State is producing scientists and intelligentsia needed in establishing an agro-based
industrial nation. Mawlamyine, covered by the 24-development zone project, now has a
technological university and a computer university.
Mon State has produced 7349 technocrats during the time of the Government. The two
universities have 210 teachers and 2261 students. The Table indicates the progress of science
and technology in the state.
Development in the science and technology sector of Mon State

- Technological University (Mawlamyine)university - 1 1
- Number of courses course 4 7 3
- Number of student (graduate) student 247 5905 5658
- Computer University university - 1 1
- Computer University (Mawlamyine) university - 1 1
Health
Thanks to the improvement in public education, the people of Mon State are enjoying good
health. The Government has built ten station hospitals, upgraded two 16-bed hospitals to 25-
bed facilities and constructed a new 50-bed hospital in the state, which now has 32 hospitals
including a 300-bed facility and a 100-bed facility.
It has also built seven more rural health centres, two new regional health centres, appointed
1055 health staff and built one traditional medicine hospital. The number of traditional medicine
dispensaries has reached 12. The state in running a nursing school and a midwifery school. Please
see the table to know the health development of the state.
Mawlamyine People’s Hospital
Development in the health sector of Mon State

Hospital hospital Hospital 20 32 12

- 100Bedded Hospital Hospital 1 1 -
-16 Bedded Hospital Hospital 8 1 Upgrading
- Hospital of other Ministry Hospital - 1 1
Development in the health sector of Mon State


Center Center 1 3 2
- Dental Nurse Person 2 2 -
- Health Supervisor 1 Person 18 18 -
- Health Supervisor 2 Person 21 60 39
(16 Bed) Hoapital - 1 1
Training Schools School 2 2 -
- Nurses Training School School 1 1 -

The prospering urban and rural areas in Mon State are enjoying greater progress than in
1988. Networks of urban and rural roads have emerged in the state.
As 192 miles of new urban roads have been built, their total number at present has reached
432 miles and one furlong, including 184 miles and two furlongs of bituminous roads. The
number of urban bridges is 886. Of the ten towns projected to install water supply system,
seven now have plumbing.
Mon State has 844 miles of rural roads including 113 miles and five furlongs of bituminous
roads at present, up from 178 miles and two farlongs in 1988. The number of its rural bridges
has reached 637. The village clean water supply project has covered 784 villages, and up to
now, 931 units of waterworks have completed in 573 villages.
Development in the development affairs sector of Mon State
Urban development
Urban roads mile 239/3 432/1 192/6
- Metalled road mile 77/2 25/2 upgrading
- Earth road mile 72/5 186/1 113/4
- Wood bridge bridge - 192 192
Rural Development
- Rural roads mile 178/2 844/0 665/6
-Earth road mile 101/0 390/6 289/6
- Other bridge bridge - 14 14

The developments in Mon State include the significant progress of a new sector opened by
the Government to further cement national unity and foster Union Spirit.
The border areas and national races development project involves the task of promoting the
socio-economy of the national race families which have returned to the legal fold. A domestic
science school is training youths of border areas to earn their living.
The table shows the Government’s goodwill to ensure peace and progress of all the people
of Mon State including those who have returned to the legal fold.

affairs sector of Mon State

- Mon region region - 1 1
Road and bridge
- Bridge (Big/Small/suspension) bridge - 7/101/- 7/101/-
Health care service
Education

affairs sector of Mon State

Agriculture
Energy
- Generator generator - 1 1
- Electric city city - 1 1
Public relations
Communications
- Telephone service service - 2 2
- Funds of PBANRPA kyat (in million) - 1647.56 1647.56
- Funds of Ministries kyat (in million) - 4224.41 4224.41

The information sector is playing a key role in helping improve the knowledge of the
people and vitalize their patriotism and Union Spirt. I would like to present the table for
the readers to know the government’s goodwill endeavours and the sound results of
development of ht4e whole Union is achieving at present in the march towards a golden
land of unity and amity.
Development in the information and public relations sector of Mon State

-TV retransmission station station 1 6 5

Cultural Museum and Library (Mawlamyine)

Shitthaung Patodawgyi
Pyaing Chaung Dam Shwe natural gas project

and development in Rakhine State
Facing the Bay of Bengal in the west, Rakhine State lies in the westernmost sector of
the Union of Myanmar. On its 14,200 square miles of territory live Rakhines and Bamars
alongside Chin, Mro, Thet, Khami, Dainet, Maramagyi and Kaman races. A union within the
Union, the state has a population of 3133855 and on average, every square mile is inhabited
by 216 persons.
A long coastal stretch of land touching the Rakhine Yoma in the east, the state is
crisscrossed with a large number of natural watercourses including Naff, Mayyu and
Kissapanadi rivers and Maei, Tanlwe, Taungup, Thandwe, Kyeintali and Gwa creeks
flowing from north to south. With an average elevation of 3,000 feet the Rakhine Yoma
is a mountain range whose northern peaks are higher than those of the south. Sittway plain
is the largest flat land in the region, and the sea is doted with large Phayonga, Yanbye
and Manaung islands and a number of islets.
At the Special Projects Implementation Committee Meeting, held in November 1995,
Head of State Senior General Than Shwe said, “Rakhine State is a region where trans-
port is difficult, and the main means of transport is waterways. Although not a
border area, Sittway region is accessible by only a very few roads. Time passed by,
but the region’s roads remained in poor condition, and could not be improved for
certain reasons. The Government is launching the drive to develop every region of
the Union, and narrow the gap between one place and another. It will build a road
to improve transport between Yangon and Sittway, the capital of Rakhine State. The
work will be difficult because of the mountainous terrain covered with thick ever-
green forests and marked by a large number of rivers and creeks.”
With fraternal spirit, the Tatmadaw Government is striving utmost to harmoniously raise the
living standards of all the national races living in weal or woe in the Union.
Whether it is a state or a division, the Government has the same goodwill towards it,
fulfilling all necessary infrastructures and facilities, without making any discrimination
against any region, for harmonious development of the entire Union. Now I will present
the developments Rakhine State is witnessing as in all the sister regions.
Agriculture
Paddy can be cultivated only on one-fourth of the state’s land area, but the Government is
trying to develop its agricultural sector, making arrangements to grow crops on all cultivable
land, increase per acre yield, and boost agricultural production. In 1992, it introduced summer
paddy cultivation to the region, which cultivated only monsoon paddy before that time.
The Government has built Gyogyakwin Dam in Taungup Township, and Kanthaya and
Rahaikwin dams in Gwa Township for irrigation, and Hinywet Dam in An Township to supply
potable water. Pyaingchaung Dam, with the capacity to irrigate 4,000 acres of land, in Kyauktaw
Township and Zeechaung Dam are under construction.
Pyaing Chaung Dam in Kyauktaw Township, Sittway District

Large and small dams and waterworks have extended the area of mixed-cropping in the
state more than fifteen times. Food sufficiency of the state has reached 166 percent. The state
can put more land under beans and pulses and edible oil crops, and is extending pepper and
rubber plantations, with the assistance of the Government, to grow them on commercial scale.
As the Government has been providing necessary infrastructures and assistance, Rakhine
State, with favourable soil and weather for cultivation, is witnessing the emergence of more
sound foundations in the agricultural sectors than in 1988. The table will prove it.
Development in the agriculture sector of Rakhine State

Land resource
cultivable land
Water supply task
Development in the agriculture sector of Rakhine State


thousand 40155 85046 44891
Rubber acreage acre 2165 22228 20063
Progress in acreage of pepper acre - 28110 28110
- Groundnut acre 11965 66964 54999
- Sesame acre 1900 4306 2406
- Mustard acre 12865 74471 61606
- Niger acre - 1261 1261

Livestock breeding has been extended for Rakhine State to produce an adequate amount
of food for local consumption. The state is raising 62 million heads of livestock, up from 26
million in 1988.
A significant development of the state at present is fresh water and sea water prawn farming.
The industry is showing encouraging signs for local distribution as well as for export. The
industry did not exist in the state in the past, but now it is running 155,533 acres of prawn farms,
up from 19 acres in the past.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Rakhine State

- Buffalo head 219468 298549 79081
- Cattle head 592914 751607 158693
- Sheep/goat head 89842 162391 72549
- Pig head 69966 192278 122312
- Chicken head 1505460 4501835 2996375
- Duck head 112027 245671 133644
-Prawn breeding acre 19 155533 155514
Forest Conservation
The forest conservation project of the state is developing alongside other sectors. The state
has been setting up more reserve forests, public protected forests and natural parks. It now has
over 60,000 acres of forest plantations, up from just 1,000 acres in the past because of the
ardent participation of the local people. The mass movement in 1988 managed to grow only
100,000 saplings, but now the local people have planted over eleven million saplings. The table
has something more to tell readers about the development in forest conservation and plantation
of the state.
Development in the forestry sector of Rakhine State

Protected public forest sq/mile 0 1818.19 1818.19
Natural land area sq/mile 0 677.88 677.88
-Commercial plantation acre 1350 55595 54245
-Village firewood acre 50 8010 7960
-Watershed plantation acre 0 50 50
-Thitseint plantation acre 0 600 600
(in Million) 0.10 11.7 11.6
Road and Transport

The colonial government totally ignored the transport sector of the state, with mountains,
forests and rivers, because the matter was out of its interest. And during the post-independence
period, the matter was out of reach due to certain reasons.
The Tatmadaw Government is always thinking about plans to assist and develop all the
seven states and seven divisions of the Union and to make them prosper and stronger.
The Government has opened the new chapter of transport in the state. First, it launched
the 202 mile and three furlong Yangon-Sittway Union Highway, and then the 110 mile
Thandwe-Gwa-Ngathaingchaung road, the 45 mile An-Padekyaw-Maei road, the 41 mile
Yangon-Taungup-Kyauk-pyu road (Pyinwun-Min-byin section), and 42.5 mile Taungup-
Maei road. All are tarred facilities.
As the state has a large number of natural watercourses, sometimes, roads are being built
through marshes, with much difficulty. Many large and small bridges have been built on rivers
and creeks, and the number of over 180 foot bridges in the state has reached 47, up from
only 11 in the past.
The large bridges on Kissapanadi River and Dalet, Myaungbwe, Tanlwe, Lamu, Maei,
Sanepauk, Londawpauk, Deedokpauk, Kaingshe, Pikauk, Min, Ramong, Yaw, Hsatthwa and
Thanthamagyi creeks in the state have been built under the special projects of the
Government.The 2,704 foot Minkyaung Creek Bridge, the 703 foot Thanthamache Bridge,
the 592 foot Thazintan-pauk Bridge on Yangon-Kyaukpyu highway in Yanbye Township,
and the Wunphaik Bridge have been constructed.
The Kyauktan Bridge on Yangon- Sittway highway in Sittway Township is under construction.
The table documents the transport development of the state.
Ramaung Bridge
Sa-ne-pauk Bridge
Development in the transportation sector of Rakhine State

Airways
- above 5000 ft runway airfield field 1 3 2
- under 5000 ft runway airfield field 6 4 upgrading
Water transport
Development in the transportation sector of Rakhine State

- earth road mile 20/0 144/2 124/2
Bridge
- Public Works
- Completed bridge* bridge 11 46 35
- Bridge under construction** bridge - 1 1
*Completed 180 feet and above bridges **Bridge under construction

1.Dalaetchaung 9. Dedokpauk 1. Kyauktan Bridge (Sittway)
2. Myaungbwe 10. Kaingshe
3. Kitsapanadi 11. Pikauk
4. Tanlwechaung 12. Minchaung
5. Lamuchaung 13. Yamaung
6. Maeichaung 14. Yawchaung
7. Sanepauk 15. Hsethwa
8. Londawpauk 16. Thanthamagyi
Communications
The Government has developed and facilitated the transport and communications sectors of
the state. The table compares the present situation and that of the 1988.
Development in the Communication sector of Rakhine State


Facsimile 1 40 39
Development in the Communication sector of Rakhine State

Telephone Service
- VSTA station - 2 2
Electricity
“If there are mountains, roads will be built on them, and they will be beautified with forest
plantations and highland farms. Likewise, bridges will span rivers and creeks and their waters
will be harnessed for electricity”, and that is the conviction and resolve of the Government to
serve public interest.
While building miles of roads and a large number of bridges in the state, the Government
is also implementing the 112.5 megawatt Thahtay Creek Hydel Power Project in Thandwe
Township and the 15 megawatt An Creek Hydel Power Project. The table compares the
present situation and that of the 1988.
\[[[poi
124111
Shwe offshore natural gas project in Rakhine State
Development in the electric power sector of Rakhine State

- Projects under implementation * project - 2 2
- Project to be implemented ** project - 2 2
Other power plants
- private plant plant - 1235 1235
* Hydel power project under implementation ** Project to be implemented

1. Thahtaychaung 112.5 megawatt (large scale) 1.Thandwe 39 megawatt (large scale)
2. Anchaung 15.0 megawatt (large scale) 2. Kyeintali 28 megawatt (large scale)
Industrial Sector
The Government has been laying sound foundations for the progress of the state’s industrial
sector. The state now has 2141 private industries, up 1699 from only 442 in 1988. 29 cottage
industries and 22 State-owned industries are also manufacturing goods in the state.
Development in the industrial sector of Rakhine State


-Cottage industry plant - 29 29
State-owned industry plant 26 22 (-)4
Technological University (Sittway)
Education Sector
The Government is implementing human resources development programmes regionwise.
The special national education promotion project has helped raise the education standard of
Rakhine State to a higher stage than it was in 1988.
The state has opened 325 new basic education schools, an arts and science university, an
education college and an arts and science college. Nearly 500,000 students are pursuing basic
education and higher education in the state.The table serves as the education indicator showing
the sector’s development.
Development in the education sector of Rakhine State

- Primary school
school
school
-
2246
242
2224
} 220
- Preprimary school
Teachers’education
Wastage
University, college, degree college 1 1 -
- Arts and Science University University - 1 1
- Degree college college 1 - upgrading
- College college - 1 1
e-Learning Centre centre - 2 2
No of WAN sites - 1 1
Teaching programmes 8 57 49
Human Resource Development Centrecentre - 1 1
Technological University (Sittway)
Science and Technology Sector

The Government has been paving the way for local youths to get access to professional
institutions of higher learning in their own regions to produce a larger number of engineers and
computer experts. Thus, youths in Rakhine State also get the opportunity to attend classes at
a computer university and a technological university in Sittway and a government technological
institute in Thandwe. Up to now, the state has produced over 2240 technocrats. Table shows
the opportunities of the youths in the state to study science and technology.
Development in the science and technology sector of Rakhine State


- Technological University (Sittway) university - 1 1
Development in the science and technology sector of Rakhine State

- Computer University (Sittway) university - 1 1
Technical Institute institute - 1 1
- Government Technical Institute (Thandwe) institute - 11
Health
The number of hospitals in Rakhine State has reached 43 — one 200 bed hospital,
three 100 bed hospitals, one 50-bed hospital, seven 25-bed hospitals, five 16-bed hospitals
and 26 station hospitals. In the past there were 36.
The Government has assigned 213 doctors and 426 extra health staff to the state. A 50
bed traditional medicine hospital and 13 traditional medicine dispensaries are treating patients
in the state. There are now two nursing schools in the state.
The table attests to the health development of the state.
Development in the health sector of Rakhine State

-16 Bedded Hospital Hospital 13 1 Upgrading
Center Center 1 1 -
- Health Supervisor (1)/(2) Person 68 101 33
(16 Bed) Hoapital - 1 1
Training Schools School 1 2 -

There are now 256 miles and six furlong of urban roads in the state. Of them 88 miles and
two furlongs are bituminous facilities. In the past, the state had 184 miles and four furlongs of
urban roads. The state has also maintained 617 urban bridges included in the construction of
urban roads is 98 miles and six furlongs of bituminous. Rural roads have also been extended
and upgraded in the state, which now has 586 miles and one furlong of rural roads, up 572
miles and three furlongs from 62 miles and two furlongs in 1988. To this date, the state has
built 634 rural bridges.
Of the 17 town water supply projects, 11 have completed. A total of 868 units of waterworks
have already been erected in 677 villages. The entire project covers the task of supplying clean
water to 922 villages.
Development in the development affairs sector of Rakhine State


Urban development
- Urban roads .mile 184/4 256/6 72/2
- Earth road mile 19/0 71/0 52/0
Township where tasks to be carried town 17 11 11
out
Development in the development affairs sector of Rakhine State

Rural Development
- Rural roads mile 62/2 634/5 572/3

- Earth road mile 22/0 385/6 363/6

- Other bridge bridge - 10 10


The Government’s Border Areas and National Races Development Project covers Rakhine
State together with many other regions. Sittway has a youth development training school and
Maungtaw has a vocational training school for development of local youths. The Table explains
the Government’s endeavours to develop the socio-economy of Rakhine State to catch up with
other regions, with exact figures.

affairs sector of Rakhine State

- Rakhine region region - 1 1
Road and bridge

- Bridge (large, small) bridge - 12/226/- 12/226/-

Health care service
- Sub Rural health centre centre - 9 9
Education

Agriculture
- Dam dam - 1 1

affairs sector of Rakhine State
Livestock breeding farm

- Livestock farm - 1 1
Energy
- Electric city city - 34 34
Public relations
Communications
- Telegraph service - 5 5
- Telephone service - 2 2

The Government has been developing the information and public relations sector to enable
the people of Rakhine State to get in touch with everyday news about the national developments.
The table shows how the state is improving its information sector in the drive towards reaching
the golden land of unity and amity.
Development in the information and public relations sector of Rakhine State
- Sub-printing house (Sittway) house - 1 1
Inlay Phaungdawoo Pagoda

on a tour for worship by
local people
Poppy-substitute plantations in Technological University(Taunggyi)

Mongla region in Shan State

and development in Shan State
Shan State with a total area of 60,155 square miles is situated in eastern part of
Myanmar. Kachin, Kokang, Taungyo, Danu, Palaung, PaO, Bamar, Lihsu, Wa, Ahkar and
Intha are residing in Shan State together with Shan nationals. At present, as the population
of Shan State is about 5390174 the population density is 90 in one square mile. Being
the hilly region, its mountain ranges lying from north to south are about 3,000 feet average
in height. Some mountains are as high as over 7,000 feet. There are also Heho, Hsipaw
and Kengtung plains among mountain ranges.
Head of State Senior General Than Shwe during his inspection tour of Shan
State in April 2002 had given guidance, saying that education, health, economy of
Shan State lagged behind in development due to lack of security and peace and
there had been armed insurgency in the region. In the time of the Tatmadaw
government efforts have been made for prevalence of peace and regional develop-
ment. Border areas of Shan State are contiguous to those of neighbouring nations.
This being the case, it is needed to catch up with them in terms of education, health
and economic sectors. Only when the national dignity and the national forces are
strong will the future of the State be bright.
Since its assumption of the State responsibility the Tatmadaw government with the
participation of the people has been forging national solidarity while building development
infrastructures in states and divisions. It has been able to bring armed insurgency to an
end. As a result, 17 armed groups have returned to the legal fold and are now joining
hands with the government in nation-building endeavours. With combined efforts of the
Tatmadaw and national race leaders unprecedented progress has been made in Shan State.
Progress made past and present in Shan State is doumented here.
Agriculture
Although various kinds of crops were grown paddy was not priority in Shan State in
the past. The government is striving for development of agricultural sector for ensuring
self-sufficiency in rice and edible oil and boosting the production of industrial crops and
pulses and beans for export. For development of agriculture of Shan State Zawgi Dam in
Poppy-substitute plantations in Mongla region in Shan State (East)
Yaksawk Township and Humon Dam in Lashio Township were built. At the same time,
hybrid paddy that suits to the region were grown and they are now thriving. The per-acre
yield of summer paddy has increased up to about 100 baskets. There has been self-
sufficiency in rice in the region as paddy production has increased nearly three times.
Kaukkwe Dam in Lashio Township and Myogyi Dam in Ywangan Township have been
built and Wanpon Dam in Namhsam Township is under construction and arrangements are
being made for implementing the Kenghkam Dam project plus one river water pumping
project. Progress in agriculture sector may be seen in the table.
Development in the agriculture sector of Shan State

Land resource
cultivable land
Water supply task
- Benefited acres Num 57450 169293 111843
thousand 39054 114333 75279
- Sugarcane acreage acre 15410 72361 56951
- Maize acreage acre 84234 341065 256831
- Tea acreage acre 134674 178731 44057
- Pepper acreage acre - 68 68
- Rubber acreage acre - 106197 106197
- Coffee acre acre 11593 24930 13337
Acreage of edible oil crops
- Groundnut acre 70557 119083 48526
- Sesame acre 18526 39791 21265
- Sunflower acre 11740 34546 22806
- Mustard acre 5284 16632 11348
- Niger acre 52997 181333 128336

Livestock breeding undertakings in Shan State have increased when compared with
that in 1988. In the past, altogether 3.7 million heads of animals were bred but now about
15.0 million heads of animals are being bred for development of the meat sector. Being
a plateau, progress has been made in fishery sector. In the past, there were 206 acres of
fish breeding ponds but there are now 2582 acres of fish breeding ponds for twelve times.
Honey production has been quadrupled, amounting to 99200 pounds.

Development in the livestock breeding sector of Shan State


- Buffalo head 457216 653499 196283
- Cattle head 942772 1258264 315492
- Sheep/goat head 13094 44100 31006
- Pig head 332413 1027392 694979
- Chicken head 1792778 11651915 9859137
- Duck head 147333 285812 138479
- Quail head - 11477 11477
Honey Production
- Bee- hives Num 455 2245 1790
- Honey Production pound 14653 99200 84547
Forest Conservation
Measures are being taken for development of the forest sector in Shan State to keep
pace with development of agriculture and livestock breeding. As efforts are being made
for development of agriculture, meat and forest sectors the area of protected public forest
and natural forest has been on the increase. In 1988, the government in cooperation with
the people had been able to grow only over 500,000 saplings but in the time of the
Tatmadaw government over 53 million saplings have been planted. Extended establish-
ment of forest plantations is being launched with added momentum.
Catchment areas were extended for greening of the environs of Inlay Lake and pres-
ervation of rivers and creeks. The forest sector of Shan State covers commercial planta-
tions, plantations for village use, plantations for industrial raw materials and Thitseint
plantations.
Development in the forestry sector of Shan State


- Village firewood acre 3481 47591 44110
(in Million)
Road and Transport
The government is making efforts in all seriousness for ensuring better transport in
states and divisions while striving for improvement of socio-economic life of the entire
national people. There were only Mandalay-Nawnghkio-Kyaukme-Lashio route and
Meiktila-Thazi-Shwenyaung route as gateways of Shan State in 1988. People in the region
had to rely mainly on rail transportation as there were only two modes of transport—
motor road and railroads. Shan State marked by a series of rivers and creeks has moun-
tains and forests in abundance. These natural barriers prevent national brethren to get
closer but remain distant. The Tatmadaw Goverment, on its part, is determined to over-
come these barriers.
In the time of the Tatmadaw Government, a network of roads and bridges were built
and upgraded in Shan State. As a result, the Hsipaw-Namlan-Panketu road and the
Yaksawk-Kyaukgu-Nawnghkio road linking directly to Shan State (North) and Shan State
(South) have emerged. Moreover, the Hanmyintmo-Myogyi-Ywangan road and the
Pinlaung-Pyinmana road linking Mandalay Division and Shan State have also emerged.
Local people in Shan State has now been enjoying the fruits of better transport.
A total of 4634 miles of motor roads including 1948 miles long bituminous roads were
built in Shan State. In the past, there were only two major bridges—the Kunlong Bridge
789 feet and the Takaw Bridge 780 feet but in the time of the Tatmadaw Government,
the Thanlwin Bridge (Takaw-et) and the Thanlwin Bridge (Tahsan) were added. In addition,
special bridge projects—Namting bridge in Kunlong Township, Matlan bridge in Laikha

Township and Langkhio bridge in Lingkhio Township were also constructed.
Shweli bridge (Namkham) and Hsataw bridge (Mongkai) are under construction. Ar-
rangements are being made for construction of Shweli Bridge (Myithson) in Momeik
Township.
In the past, the route of railroads was only 186.55 miles but it has now tripled. The
101.92-mile Aungban-Pinlaung-Loikaw railroad, the 37.50-mile Shwenyaung-Yaksawk
railroad and the 165.06-mile Shwenyaung-Namhsan railroad have contributed much to
ensuring better transport in the region.
Moreover, the number of airport at which Jet aircraft can land and take off has increased
from four to six. The Lashio-Muse railroad, the ASEAN highway and the Asian highway
will soon emerge in Shan State.
The table shows progress made in the transport sector.
Dokhtawady Bridge (Naungkhio)

Development in the transportation sector of Shan State

Railways
- Route Mile* mile 168.25 496.26 328.01
- Track Miles mile 186.55 529.88 343.33
- Passenger person (1x1000) 1495.9 1602.0 106.1
- Goods Tons (1x1000) 58.0 47.0 11.0
- Goods/mile mile 6174.5 11503.7 5329.2
Airways
- above 5000 ft runway airfiled field 4 6 2
- gravel road mile 700/0 772/1 72/1
Bridge
- Public Works
- completed bridge** bridge 24 37 13
- under construction*** bridge - 4 4
- bridge to be built**** bridge - 1 1
*The railway road to be constructed

1. Lasho- Musei road (145 mile)
**Seven major bridges built under special project
1. Thanlwin Bridge (Takaw-et) 5. Langkho Bridge (Langkho)
2. Thanlwin Bridge (Tarsan) 6. Tarpa Bridge ( Kutkai)
3. Nantein Bridge (Kunlon) 7. Dokhtawady Bridge( Naungkhio)
4. Matlan Bridge (Laikha)
****The road to be constructed
***Four roads under construction 1. Shweli (Myintsone)
1. Sartaw Bridge (Maingkaing)
2. Lane li Bridge (Pinlaung)
3. Shwele Bridge (Nagkhun)
4. Natpaung Bridge (Lashio)
Communications
The government is making all-out efforts for development of the communications
sector of Shan State. At a time when information and communications are making progress,
systematic steps are being taken for development of communications sector of states and
divisions to enable the nation to stand tall among the global nations.
The table indicates comparison of figures in the past and present.
Development in the communication sector of Shan State


Telephone Service
- D-AMPS phone - 1334 1334
- GSM phone - 13790 13790
Electric Power
Electric power plays a key role in boosting the national economy. Shan State consumed
only 42 megawatt of electricity in 1988. In the time of the Tatmadaw Government
measures were taken so that Shan State can consume ten times of electricity.
In the past, there were three hydel power plants in Shan State—the 0.2 megawatt
Nanhkam small-scale hydel plant, 0.225 megawatt Muse small-scale hydel plant and 1.2
megawatt Tatgyi medium-scale hydel power plant. At present, there are 12 small- and
medium-scale hydel power plants. There are the Namhmyaw, the Namhsaung Ngaung, the
Pakyethaw, the Namhsaung Chaung, the Zawgyi-1, the Zawgyi-2, the Namshan Chaung,
the Namwot, the Meipan, the Mongla, the Namlap and the Hsilu. Shweli hydel power
plant to generate 600 megawatt in Shan State (North) and Kengtawng hydel power plant
to generate 54 megawatt in Shan State (South) are under implementation. Arrangements
are being made for implementing Tahsan (Thanlwin) hydel power project in Shan State
to generate 7310 megawatt.
The table compares figures in 1988 and the present.
Zawgyi Hydel Power Plant in Yaksauk Township in Shan State (South)

Development in the electric power sector of Shan State


- Completed hydel power plant* plant 3 15 12
- Large Scale(above10 megawatt) plant - 2 2
- Medium (1-10 megawatt) plant 1 5 4
- Small (up to 1 megawatt) plant 2 8 6
Project under implementation** project - 3 3
- Large Scale(above 10 megawatt) plant - 3 3
- Hydel power plant to be impleted*** plant - 5 5
Other power plants
- Coal plant - 1 1
- Biogas - used plant plant - 6 6
* Completed hydel power plants

1. Namhkam (1988) 0.200 megawatt(small)
2. Muse (1988) 0.225 megawatt(small)
3. Nammyaw 4.000 megawatt(medium)
4. Namhsaungngaung 4.000 megawatt(medium)
5. Pakyathaw 0.100 megawatt (small)
Pakyathaw (extension) 0.200 megawatt (small)
6. Namhsaungchaung 0.500 megawatt (small)
7. Tatkyi 1.200 megawatt(medium)(1988)
8. Zawgyi-1 18.000 megawatt(heavy) (1988)
9. Zawgyi-2 12.000 megawatt(heavy) (1988)
10. Namshanchaung 0.150 megawatt(small) (1988)
11. Namwot 3.000 megawatt(medium) (1988)
12. Meipan 1.200 megawatt (medium) (1988)

13. Mongla 0.060 megawatt (small)
14. Namlap 0.495 megawatt (small)
15. Hsilu 0.024 megawatt (small)
** Implementing hydel power plants
1. Kyaingtaung 54 megawatt(large)
2. Shweli (1) 600 megawatt(large)
3. Tarsun 7310 megawatt(large)
*** Hydel power plants to be implemented
3. Pyaungsho 360 megawatt(large)
4. Namlun 177 megawatt(large)
5. upper kyaingtaung 60 megawatt(large)
Industry
In building the nation into a modern and developed one, the government based on
agriculture and industry is striving for the Union to become an industrialized nation. In
the process, priority is being given to development of private industrial sector.
Therefore, Taunggyi (Ayethaya) Industrial Zone in Shan State has emerged.Now, the
industrial zone has 750 industries. With the assistance of the government, it is in the
process of establishing modern foundries and mould shops like Mandalay and Monywa
industrial zones. The table shows progress at present compared with that in 1988.
Development in the industrial sector of Shan State

Industrial zones zone - 1 1
Industries industry - 750 750


Gem Lands and mining blocks in Shan State have been extended after 1988. As a
result, 18278 thousand carats of gems could be exploited. Mining and mineral secror of
Shan State is making progress to the extent that 721435 metric tons of coal, 21950 metric
tons of gypsum, 1091 metric tons of lead Zinc ore, 3082.6 metric tons of zinc ore, 250
metric tons of pure lead, 2278 metric tons of refined lead and 6948 metric tons of baryte
gawton 94390 tons, marble 1125 could be mined.
Mongshu Yadana Myay

Eduction
The government is making efforts for improvement of Shan State’s education sector
to be able to face the challenges of Knowledge Age. There are 4,666 basic education
schools with 23278 teachers in Shan State. Altogether 700000 students are pursuing
education at the school. In the higher education sector, there are four arts and science
universities and one education college where 20056 students are pursuing higher education.
Markedly, primary school enrolment rate has increased up to 96.68 per cent.
The table shows progress in 1988 and present.
Panglong University
Development in the education sector of Shan State


} 943

- e-Learnng Centre centre - 94 94
- Preprimary school
Wastage
University, college, degree college 2 4 2
- Degree college college 1 - upgraded
- College college 1 - upgraded
- No of WAN sites - 4 4
- Number of teacher 170 541 371
- Number of student 2983 20056 17073
Human Resource Development Centre - 4 4

Development of science and technology is imperative in ensuring human resources
development. To bring about harmonious development across Shan State, the government
has designated and is implementing the four development regions—Taunggyi, Lashio,
Kengtung and Panglong. One technological university and one computer university each
were opened in those regions.
Progress figures are shown in the table.
Development in the science and technology sector of Shan State

- Technological University (Taunggyi) university - 1 1
- Technological University (Kengtung) university - 1 1
- Technological University (Panglong) university - 1 1
- Technological University (Lashio) university - 1 1
-Number of teacher teacher 50 380 330
-Number of student (graduate) student 2126 5895 376 9
-Number of student (current) student - 16 95 16 95
-Computer University / Training School university - 5 5
- Computer University (Taunggyi) university - 1 1
- Computer University (Kengtung) university - 1 1
- Computer University (Lashio) university - 1 1
- Computer University (Panglong) university - 1 1
- Number of student (current) student - 76 2 76 2
Technical Training School (Taunggyi) school - 1 1
Technological University (Taunggyi)
Technological University (Lashio)

Health
The government is striving for the entire national people to be free from diseases, to
be healthy and fit, and to enjoy longevity. With this end in view, public health care services
are being provided in the whole Shan State.
Development in the health sector of Shan State

- Specialist Hospital Hospital 1 1 -
Center Center 2 3 1

Development in the health sector of Shan State

- Nurses Training School School 1 3 2
- Midwifery Training School School 1 3 2

Unprecedented urban and rural development has been achieved in Shan State. In the
past, the length of urban roads was 400 miles but it has now increased to 383 miles two
furlong including 783 miles three furlong. Bituminous roads have 317miles seven furlong
The number of bridges in urban areas has topped 1,668. Water supply was facilitated to
31 towns out of 54. The length of rural roads has increased from 93 miles six furlong to
4948/3 miles including 277 miles bituminous roads with 958 bridges. A total of 2001
water works were facilitated to 1449 villages out of 2,780.
Development in the development affairs sector of Shan State

Urban development
- Urban roads mile 400/1 783/3 383/2
- Earth road mile 179/4 206/3 26/7
- Township where tasks to be carried out town 54 31 31
Rural Development
- Rural roads mile 93/6 4948/1 4854/3
- Earth road mile 71/2 3136/5 3065/3


Shan State, which lagged behind in development in successive eras, is making signifi-
cant progress and it has been able to catch up with border areas of neighbouring countries.
This is the fruitful result of integrated and well-coordinated efforts of the Tatmadaw
and national race leaders. Border areas and national races development project started in
Shan State. When national race leaders joined hands with the Tatmadaw, ten border area
development regions have emerged. The ten regions are now making more progress than
other cities in the plains. The national race leaders realizing the genuine goodwill of the
government are actively engaged in regional development drive.
The table shows tangible results of border area development.
Golden Triangle Resort (Tachilek)

affairs sector of Shan State

- Kokang region region - 1 1
- Wa region region - 1 1

- Shan region region - 1 1
- Kachin North East region region - 1 1
- Palaung region region - 1 1
- Kengtung East region region - 1 1
- Homein region region - 1 1
- Monehtaw, Monehta region region - 1 1
- Mawhpa region region - 1 1
- Pa-O region region - 1 1
Road and bridge
- Earth road mile - 1885/7 1885/7
- Bridge (large, small, suspension) bridge - 23/186/2 23/186/2
Health care service
- Sub rural health centre centre - 52 52
Education
Agriculture
- Agriculture farm farm - 65 65
- Dam dam - 28 28

Livestock Breeding
- livestock Farm farm - 16 16
- Distribution of Donkeys head - 81 81
Energy
- Towns / Village with Electric city town / village - 88 88
- Towns / Village with hydel power town / village - 13 13
- TV retransmission station sation - 54 54
Mineral Exploration and
Mining
- Ruby karat - 249280.26 249280.26
- Sapphire piece - 507.7 507.7
Communications
- Telegraph service - 21 21
- Telephone service - 59 59
Raligion Affairs
- Ceti - 13 13
- Monastery - 55 55
- Monasteric schools school - 3 3
- Other Religious Buildings - 16 16

Higher education standard and right concept of national people are
essential for improvement of socio-economic life of the entire national people and trans-
forming the Union into a modern and developed one. The government is improving its
information sector that serves as a bridge between the State and the people in Shan State
in the drive towards reaching the golden land of unity and amity. Progress made in this
field may be seen in the the table.
Development in the information and

public relations sector of Shan State
- Sub-printing house * house - 3 3
*Sub-printing houses 1. Lashio 2. Taunggyi 3. Kengtung
Cultural Museum and Library (Taunggyi)

The greening Minwun Mountain
Meza Bridge A metal mill in Kyay-sin-taung

and development in Sagaing Division
The Union of Myanmar has prospects for development if the national people further
enhance peace and unity in harmony.
It is known to all that since its assumption of State duties, the Tatmadaw has paid priority
to national reconsolidation, while upholding Our Three Main National Causes — non-disintegration
of the Union, non-disintegration of national solidarity, and perpetuation of sovereignty.
The government is building infrastructures in diversified spheres for equitable development
of all parts of the nation, reducing the development gap between one region and another, and
raising the living standard of the people. In its bid to construct economic, education, health and
transport infrastructures of the states and divisions, the government is making efforts with might
and main and enlisting the strength of the people and the governmental staff based on self-
reliance. The harmonious endeavours of the State, the people and the Tatmadaw have yielded
sustainable progress of states and divisions and it is making significant contributions towards the
development of the entire Union. Now, almost all of the infrastructures required for national
development have been in place.
During the inspection tour of Rakhine State on 29 November 2004, Head of State Senior
General Than Shwe gave guidance to the officials, saying that since the assumption of
State responsibilities, the Tatmadaw has been doing its utmost with a robust concept
that all regions of the nation and national races will be able to enjoy equal develop-
ment in a short time. Basically, he said, all the regions of the nation are the same, but
they have specific features and characteristics of their own. It is required to utilize the
significant natural resources of the regions in a correct and effective way to narrow
the development gap between one region and another and for ensuring proportion-
ate development of all. There will be development only if terrestrial and aquatic
resources are tapped efficiently and effectively by manpower, he said.
The national people are indeed capable of taking a correct approach to what is going on
in the world as well as to the internal affairs. So they are now marching to a new golden land
of unity and amity by means of participating in the nation-building endeavours whatever role it
may be for ensuring perpetual existence of their mother country as well as for social and
economic progress of the entire people.
I have presented the government’s unremitting endeavours and activities for bringing equi-
table progress to the hilly regions and the plains of the nation and harmonious development of
all sectors in the interests of the nation and the people. I would also like to present development
of the seven divisions in which various national races live in unison and harmony, comparing the
conditions in 1988 and those at present starting with Sagaing Division.
Sagaing
In the east of Sagaing Division are Kachin State, Shan State and Mandalay Division, in the
south Mandalay Division and Magway Division, and in the west Chin State. With a total area
of 36,535 square miles, the Division is like a mini union in which a diversity of national races
such as Bamar, Shan, Naga, Chin, Gadu and Ganan have been living in unity. Its population
is around 6158676 and population density is 169 per square mile.
Its northern part is more populous. Its southern part has small mountain ranges and plains.
Its north-west part shares border with India, and along this border line are more-than-10,000-
foot-high Patkwaing Mountain Range and about 8,000 foot high Naga Mountain Range, on
which the 12,553-foot-high Mount Sarameri lies. There are other mountain ranges such as
Minwum, Pontaung and Ponnya. The Ayeyawady River, the Chindwin River and the Mu River
flow through the region. Among the plains in the region, Shwebo Plain is the largest, and such
plains as Homalin, Kabaw valley, Myittha valley, Monywapale, Meza valley and Katha are
famous.
Agriculture
Sagaing Division is located between the Ayeyawady and Chindwin rivers and the region is
long if compared with its width. Its lower part was a region where water was scarce in the past.
It gets only a little rainfall, and there was shortage of water in supplying water to the farmland
even in the rainy season.
However, the government has been able to upgrade the agricultural sector of the region, and
now it has become the granary of the Upper Myanmar. The government reclaimed the virgin
and fallow lands of the region. It has constructed water pumping stations, dams and diversion
weirs with the agricultural purpose.
In the past, there were more than 3.5 million arable acres in the region and now the sown
acreage has increased to more than 9.0 million in total.
Over the one-year period after the Tatmadaw had taken State duties, it was able to launch
projects of irrigation facilities — the underground water tapping project, Zedi Diversion Weir,
Letyetma Dam, Wetshu Diversion Weir, Tonegyaw Diversion Weir, Nwekhway Dam, YeU
Dam, Thazi Dam, Ywathaya artesian well, Htanzalok Dam, Kindat Dam, Kyepintet Dam,
Letpan Dam, Ngwetha Dam and Salingyi Dam one after another. These facilities benefit 9021614
acres of farmland. The multiple-cropping acreage of irrigated farmland has increased close to
3.2 million, up from more than 0.55 million in the past. So the multiple- cropping increased to
3.8 million.
Sagaing Division has got river water pumping stations, which had never been in the past in
Myanmar. So far, altogether 55 water pumping projects have been completed, five projects are
under way, and three projects will be launched in the region. In consequence, the region can
put another 0.13 million acres under crops, and the region is greening all-year round.
The opening ceremony of the Thaphanseik Dam, the region’s greatest showcase that enhances
the prestige of the nation, took place on 17 April 2001. Head of State Senior General Than
Shwe graced the occasion with his presence and delivered a speech to the ceremony, saying
“It took more than 40 years for previous governments just to carry out feasibility study for
Myaukyamayeku Reservoir in Pale Township, Monywa District

Development in the agriculture sector of Sagaing Division

Land resource
cultivable land
Water supply task
Damming creek - 68 68
thousand 51540 134206 82666
construction of the Thaphanseik Dam, but they could not put the project into reality due
to various reasons. Yet, we set up a robust determination to see to that, and now the over-
40-year-long dream has come true. We have realized the project with the confidence that
if we do so, local people will be able to carry out double or triple cropping and they can
elevate their living and social standards cumulatively,” he added.
The speech reflected the Tatmadaw Government’s firm commitment to this project, the
genuine goodwill to the nation and the people, and a prudent provision for the nation’s
future.
With 108 feet high and 22,587 feet (more than four miles) long earthen embankment,
the dam is the largest of its kind in the nation. And the facility’s embankment is the longest
of its kind in South-East Asia. It benefits more than 500,000 acres of crops in Shwebo,
KhinU, Kanbalu, Daze, YeU, Dabayin, Budalin and Ayadaw townships all-year round.
The table shows the agricultural progress of Sagaing Division.
Development in the agriculture sector of Sagaing Division


Progress in Maize acreage acre 74122 189651 115529
Rubber acreage acre - 4273 4273
Tea acre 5019 9583 4564
edible oil crop
- Groundnut acre 299582 574859 275277
- Sesame acre 686384 809901 123517
- Sunflower acre 86050 369374 283324
- Mustard acre 11771 28616 16845
- Niger acre 26507 92422 65915
Physic nut acre 396 408115 407719

Taking into account the food security of the nation’s future population of more than 100
million, the government is constructing good foundations in various sectors. It is also taking
measures for enabling Sagaing Division to become a region that provides a great deal of fish
and meat for other states and divisions.
The region is adhering to the guidance of the Head of State on distribution of pedigree
species of fish and breeding fish in rural regions on a commercial scale. Honey production has
been eight times now larger than 1988, reaching 277800 pounds.The table shows progress of
the livestock and fishery sector.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Sagaing Division


- Buffalo head 319584 412193 92609
- Cattle head 1727420 2152175 424755
- Sheep/goat head 225971 430034 204063
- Pig head 303944 791924 487980
- Chicken head 2874560 9926347 7051787
- Duck head 59022 206082 147060
- Quail head - 67633 67633
- Honey production
- Bee-hives Num 1086 4730 3644
- Honey production pound 33100 277800 244700
- Pollination service acre 31786 53970 22184
Forest Conservation
The regional development tasks and environmental conservation are interdependent. Only
when the nation’s natural resources are well conserved and protected, will the steps be taken
effectively for national progress. So, it is needed to prevent the people from cutting down the
trees indiscriminately so as to avert the deforestation, while growing trees for forming new
forests.
Strictly following the guidance of the Head of State, Sagaing Division has managed to
conserve forests and set up new forests annually in the region. It has planted trees on all the
vacant lands on Sagaing Hill and speeded up implementation of the project for the greening of
Minwun Mountain.
The table shows the region’s progress in implementing the nine districts greening project in
cooperation with local authorities, service personnel and the locals.
Development in the forestry sector of Sagaing Division


- Teak special plantation acre - 13000 13000
- Industrial plantation acre - 3550 3550
(in Million)
Road and Transport

Being large and mountainous and endowed with rivers and creeks, Sagaing Division had
poor transport in the past. In the time of the Tatmadaw Government, Sagaing-Monywa Road,
Monywa-Kale Road, Tagaung-Shwegu Road, Tamu-Zedi Road, Hkamti-Lahe Road ( 56
miles), Htamanthi-Leshi Road (41 miles), Kalewa-Monywa Road (115 miles), and Kyepin-et
Dam bypass (10 miles and three furlongs) section of Shwebo-Myitkyina Road were upgraded.
The total length of the road in the region has increased to 2,095 miles including 1,031 miles
of bituminous roads, compared to only 1332 miles in 1988. The region is now enjoying better
transport.
Besides, new bridges emerge one after another. In the past, there were only 17 bridges,
each of which is more than 180 feet long. Now, the region has got 13 more such kind of bridges
including 465-foot Meza Bridge (Indaw), 2,330-foot Shweli Bridge (Katha), 4,730.2-foot
Chindwin Bridge (Monywa), 1,320-foot Myittha Bridge (Kalewa) and 4,957-foot Hsinbyushin
Bridge (ChaungU). Phainglin Bridge has been built and Kangyiwa Bridge project on Tamu-Zedi
Road in Tamu Township and Yetphachaung Bridge (408 feet) Project on Thetkekyin-Phaungpyin-
Homalin-Hkamti Road are under construction. Nantsalein Bridge (250 feet) on Hkamti-Lahe
Road will be launched in future.
Meza Bridge
Chindwin Bridge
With respect to the bridge projects implemented in Sagaing Division by the government, it
can be noted that only the two large bridges spanning Chindwin River were constructed. Up
to 1988, there were no bridges across the river and the region’s transport sector was poor in
the past.
The government is opening transport facilities one after another in the region including two
large bridges — Chindwin Bridge (Monywa) and Sinbyushin Bridge (ChaungU). Sinbyushin
Bridge lies on ChaungU-Pakokku-Gangaw-Kale railroad, which is contributing towards all-
round development of Sagaing Division.
The 277.34-mile ChaungU-Kale railroad links east banks and west banks of the Ayeyawady
River and the Chindwin River in Sagaing Division. The facility was built with the aim of ensuring
all-round progress of Pakokku, Gangaw and Kale regions and Chin State. The 146-mile
ChaungU-Kyaw railroad section was inaugurated in April 1997 and the 105.34-mile Kale-
Yaymyetni railroad section in July 1997. The two sections have 70 stations. Yaymyetni-Kyaw
section is under construction. In order to complete this section, the officials have to overcome
many natural barriers including the construction of the 5,610-foot-long Pondaung-Ponnya tun-
nel.
In addition, the government reconstructed Budalin-YeU railroad and extended it up to

KhinU, and built 2,125-foot bridge spanning Mu River to link Mandalay-Myitkyina railroad and
Sagaing-Monywa railroad stretching from east to north.
With farsightedness, the government is constructing new airports, railroads, roads and bridges
to shape the better future of the nation. Plans are under way to construct more transport
facilities in the region.
Asian highways, ASEAN highways, and transnational highways will be constructed in future.
The table shows progress of transport facilities of Sagaing Division that is enjoying prospects
for progress.
Myittha Bridge
Development in the transportation sector of Sagaing Division

Railways
- Route mile mile 316.50 420.63 104.13
- number of travellers mile 5211.6 5732.0 520.4
- number of mile mile 381905.9 483039.0 101133.1
- Track mile mile 350.11 460.59 110.48
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 176.1 236.6 60.5
- Goods/mile mile 26138.5 45093.7 18955.2
Development in the transportation sector of Sagaing Division


Airways
- earth road mile 297/0 341/1 44/1
Bridge
- Public Works
- under construction** bridge - 2 2
- bridge to be built*** bridge - 1 1
*Five above 180-feet bridges **Two bridges under construction

built under special project 1. Uru Bridge (Homalin) (Special project)
1. Mezar Bridge (Indaw) 2. Nantsalein Bridge (Hkamti)
2. Shweli Bridge (Katha)
3. Chindwin Bridge (Monywa) ***Bridge to be built
4. Myittha Bridge (Kalaywa) 1. Yethpachaung Bridge
5. Hsinbyushin Bridge (ChaungU)
Communications
The region’s communication sector is making progress in parallel with other sectors. The
table reflects the State’s capabilities for progress of the region in external and local
communication.
Development in the communication sector of Sagaing Division


Post office office 158 158 -
Facsimile 1 80 79
Telephone Service
- telephone office Office 23 90 67
manual exchange exchange 21 48 27
- auto/manual telephone phone 1892 20815 18923
- DECT phone - 247 247
- CDMA (fixed) phone - 1 1
- CDMA (mobile) phone - 95 95
- GSM phone - 3851 3851
Microwave station 4 22 18
Email/Internet - 43 43
- MPT Satellite Terminal - 127 127
Local satellite channel
- MPT Satellite Terminal - 508 508
Electric Power
The government is taking measures for supply of more electricity for the region. In 1988,
the region’s electricity consumption was more than 87 million units only. At that time, there was
not a single hydropower plant. But, after that period, the region was facilitated with the 30-
megawatt Thaphanseik hydropower plant, the 1.26-megawatt Zeegyaung hydropower plant,
and the 0.05-megawatt hydropower plant Lahe hydropower plant, increasing the figures of the
units to 282.19 million.
The capacity of generators has risen to 41.853 megawatt, up from 11.888 megawatts in
1988. The government is never content in serving the interests of the nation and the people.
The 1,200-megawatt Htamanthi, the 642-megawatt Shwesaryay hydel-power plant and
Yazagyo projects will emerge in the region soon. The table indicates progress of the electric
power sector of the region.
Development in the electric power sector of Sagaing Division
- Completed hydel power plant* plant - 3 3
- Small (up to 1 megawatt) plant - 1 1
- Small ( up to 1 megawatt) plant - 1 1
- Project to be carried out project - 2 2
- Large Scale (above 380 megawat)***plant - 2 2
Other power plants
- Diesel-used plant plant 92 64 (-) 28
(Megapower
supply increased)
- Solar energy - used plant plant - 24 24
- Wind energy - used plant plant - 14 14
*Completed hydel power plants *** Project to be carried out

1. Thahpanseik 30.00 megawatt (Large Scale) 1. Mnipura 380.00 megawatt (Large Scale)
2. Zeechaung 1.260 megawatt (medium) 2. Mawlite 400.00 megawatt (Large Scale)
3. Lahe 0.050 megawatt (small)
**Hydel power project under implementation
1. Htamanthi 1200 megawatt (Large Scale)
2. Shwesaryay 642 megawatt (Large Scale)
3. Yazagyo 4.00 megawatt (medium )
Industry
Sagaing Division is enjoying cumulative progress in the industrial sector. In the region
are Monywa and Kale industrial zones.
The number of private factories and plants has grown to more than 3,000 alongside 351
small-scale industries and 60 State-owned industries. The table represents progress of the
region’s industrial sector.
Metal Mill at Kyay-sin-taung in Sagaing Division

Development in the industrial sector of Sagaing Division


Industrial zones - 2 2
Industries - 1250 1250
Mining and Minerals

The region is extending its mining industry. The number of its mining blocks of jade, copper,
gold and coal is on the increase. It also discovered other mineral deposits including quart. In
2007, it produced 135000 kilos of jade, 28593 metric tons of copper, 1579 troy ounces of
pure gold, 1559 troy ounces of raw gold, and 25854 metric tons of coal.
Education
Sagaing Division is contributing towards the government’s drive for producing more intellec-
tuals and intelligentsia and outstanding educated persons so as to enable the nation to exist
forever and ensure national progress. So far, the government has opened 1087 post-primary
schools to help local youths pursue education constantly. The figures of basic education schools
have increased to 4585 including 335 basic education middle schools and 244 basic education
high schools.
The government opened an institute of economics, and a university in Monywa, a university
of education in Sagaing, a university in Kale, a degree college in Shwebo, and an education
college each in Sagaing and Monywa, to enable local people to pursue education in respective
regions. The number of students of higher education has surged 34 times.
The table depicts the region’s progress in the educational sector.
Development in the education sector of Sagaing Division

- Number of schools school 3603 4585 982
- Primary school
school
school
-
3379
1087
2956
} 627

- Preprimary school
- Number of schools school - 155 155
-Training college and school school 1 upgraded
-Education college college - 2 2
-Number of trainees trainee 146 2298 2152
School enrolment rate prcent 67.97 97.64 29.67
Wastage
- University, college, degree college 2 4 2
- Institute - 2 2
- Degree college college - 1 1
e-learning centre centre - 8 8
Number of WAN sites site - 4 4
Human Resource Development Centrecentre - 4 4
Institute of Economics (Monywa)

The region is also enjoying the improvement of the science and technology sector. The
table shows progress of the number of students in the region.
Development in the science and technology sector of Sagaing Division


- Technological University (Monwya)university - 1 1
- Computer University (Monywa) university - 1 1
Development in the science and technology sector of Sagaing Division


Technological College / Training School college - 3 3
(Sagaing) college - 1 1
(Shwebo) college - 1 1
Technical Training School (Monywa) school - 1 1
Technological University (Monywa)

Health
The State has upgraded 11 hospitals in the region to provide better health care services for
the people. The figures of hospital have stood 90 including three 200-bed hospitals, four 100-
bed hospitals and two 50-bed hospitals. It also opened nine more health care centres, 22
traditional health care centres and two traditional medicines hospitals. A total of nearly 1044
health staff including 257 specialists and assistant surgeons have been appointed in these health
care facilities. It also opened a nurses training school along with a midwifery training
school to produce nurses and midwives.
The table shows progress of health staff in the region.
Development in the health sector of Sagaing Division

- 200-Bedded Hospital Hospital - 3 3
- 150 -Beddded Hospital Hospital 1 - upgrading
- 100-Bedded Hospital Hospital 3 4 1
- 50-Bedded Hospital Hospital 3 2 upgrading
- 16-Beddded Hospital Hospital 27 16 upgrading
- Hospital of other Ministry Hospital 1 4 3
Health Centres and Teams centre 222 231 9
- Primary and Secondary Health Center Center 1 1 -
-School Health Team Team 5 5 -
Development in the health sector of Sagaing Division


Health Manpower * Person 1957 3001 1044
-Traditional Medicine Hospital(16Bed) Hospital - 2 2
Training School School 1 2 1

Sagaing Division has been facilitated with a network of transport facilities. The length of the
urban roads has risen from 186 to 714/4 miles including 240/3 miles of bituminous roads. The
region has a total of 1108 urban bridges. So far, urban water supply projects have been
completed in 18 out of 37 towns.
At the same time, the length of rural roads has surged over 20 times from more than
160 miles to over 3886 miles. The region has 1503 rural bridges. The water supply project
has thoroughly covered 2437 out of 3575 villages.
Development in the development affairs sector of Sagaing Division

Urban development
- Earth road mile 40/2 283/5 243/3

Rural Development
- Rural roads mile 160/3 3886/7 3726/4
- Earth road mile 39/5 3119/0 3079/3
- concrete bridge - 367 367
- wood bridge - 971 971
- conduit conduit - 67 67
- other bridge - 98 98
Progress of Border Areas and National Races

Only when the education level of national races in border areas is high, will they have a wide
view of things along with good ideas and be able to play a leading role in the regional
development tasks. The government has been building basic foundations for regional progress
in Naga and Kabaw regions in order to effectively reduce the development gap between
one region and another. The table shows progress of the border areas and national races
development sector.
affairs sector of Sagaing Division
- Naga region region - 1 1
- Kabaw region region - 1 1
Road and bridge
- Bridge (large, small, suspension) bridge - 13/152/14 13/152/14
Health care service
- Sub Rural health centre centre - 18 18
Education
- Highschool school - 8 8
- Teacher teacher - 531 531
- Student student - 16294 16294

affairs sector of Sagaing Division
Agriculture
- Agriculture farm farm - 4 4
- Dam dam - 9 9
Livestock breeding
- Livestock farm farm - 1 1
- Distribution of donkey - 4 4
Energy
- Electricity - 21 21
- Hydroelectric power - 1 1
Public relations
Communication
- Telegraph office - 5 5
Religion Affairs
- Ceti - 8 8
- Monastery - 33 33
Human Resources
The government established the University for Development of National Races to bring
progress to the Union and to help locals participate in the project for progress of border areas
and national races and to create opportunities for the teachers, produced by the institute for
development of national races, shouldering duties across the nation to pursue education in the
university and to lift their lifestyle by themselves.
The training centres for development of youths are nurturing the youths in such border
regions in Sagaing Division as Kale, Hkamti, Leshi and Lahe. The Institute of Agriculture
has been established in Shwebo to disseminate agricultural methods to local farmers in the
region. The table indicates progress in the field.
Development of the Union and Human Resource Development

in Sagaing Division
University for Development of
National Races university - 1 1
Cooperatives College college - 1 1
Youth Development Training School* school - 3 3
Agriculture Institute institute 1 1 -
*Youth Development Training School

1.Hkamti 2. Layshi 3. Lahe
University for Development of National Races

The Tatmadaw Government is employing the public mass media to ensure oneness of
the parts of the nation and the national races sharing the same views and outlooks. The
table shows progress of the information sector in the region.
Development in the information and public relations sector of Sagaing

Division

-Sub-printing house (Kalay) house - 1 1
River water-pumping project
The scenic beauty of

coastal line
Kyweku-Kyaukpya Bridge Yedagun natural gas exploration

project

and development in Taninthayi Division
The Union of Myanmar is formed with seven states and seven divisions, in which, all
the national races are living in weal or woe.
It is their family spirit of amity, sympathy, helpfulness, mutual reliance, understanding,
forbearance and mutual interest that has made the nationalities to live in firm unity without
having any regional or ideological discrimination.
It is a loveable Myanmar character that comes out from the family spirit reflecting the
Union which is like a stem with 100 fruits.
At the graduation of the 47th Intake of Defence Services Academy, Chairman of
the State Peace and Development Council Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
Senior General Than Shwe said, “All the national races born of the same stock of
ancestors have been living through thick and thin in our nation. It has been so long
since all the national races have been enjoying equal rights as citizens right from
birth. All the national races are loyal to the State, and have friendly and good
nature, which are also characteristics of the Myanmar race.”
The Tatmadaw always serves the interest of the Union with loyalty. It views the
nation’s future with sincerity. With generosity, it is exerting all its efforts for progress of
all the states and divisions. And with goodwill, it is erasing all doubts among the nation-
alities and is leading them on the correct way.
At the ceremony to put Thanlwin Bridge (Mawlamyine) the largest and most
magnificent one in Myanmar, into service, Head of State Senior General Than
Shwe said, “Since years ago, the Government has wished to build the bridge that
is an auspicious facility benefiting both the region and the nation. But it could not
build the facility sooner because of many, especially the financial and technological
constraints, that made it waited for an opportune time.
“Now, the national economy has developed to a certain degree, and the nation
has been gaining more and more expertise after building small, medium and large
bridges step by step till acquiring the technology and ability to build such a large
bridge.”
“Whatever difficulties the nation is facing, the united strength, and the strength,
which comes out from the firm community peace and stability and the rule of law,
are of vital importance for the nation. And the two strengths will enable the nation
to overcome all kinds of difficulties it is facing.”
The developments of Taninthayi Division stand witness to the fact that with the two
strengths, the Tatmadaw manages to build grand bridges one after another in the nation.
Taninthayi Division
Bordering Mon State in the north, Taninthayi Division is the southernmost region of
the Union. On its 16,736-square-mile territory live Bamar, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine, Shan
and Salon national races. Forming a union within the Union, the division has a population
of about 1598875 and, on average, 96 persons are living in every square mile of the
division.
Generally, it can be said a mountainous region, for, the mountain ranges with elevations
reaching up to nearly 3,000 feet stand as a long wall alongside the thin stretch of plains
facing the Andaman’s Sea in the west. Of the many rivers, Dawei, Taninthayi and Lenya
rivers are famous. The coastal sea is dotted with many islands.
Agriculture
In the past, Taninthayi Division’s economy relied mainly on rubber plantations. But
now, its agricultural patterns have totally changed. Thanks to the assistance provided by
the government, it is cultivating other species of crops that grow well in the division that
is now producing adequate amount of rice for its population.
Over 800,000 acres of land have been reclaimed, and waterworks and small scale dams
are irrigating over 20,000 acres of crops. Yinwa Dam has been built in Kawthoung
Township, and Anyabya Dam has also been built in Dawei Township to irrigate 3,200
acres of crops.
208
The Government has been implementing projects to turn Chin State into a major tea-
growing region, Rakhine State into a major pepper-growing region, Mon State into a
major rubber-growing region, Sagaing division into the rice bowl of upper Myanmar, and
Taninthayi Division into an oil bowl. It is laying down long-term plans to meet the
domestic edible oil demand, and has put over 200,000 acres of land under oil palm in the
Taninthayi Division to this date.
Emerging together with the development in oil palm cultivation of the division is the
national entrepreneurs’ tradition of adhering to the Government’s policy and responding
to its goodwill. Vast oil palm farms of the national entrepreneurs are emerging along the
Union Highway in the division. Thus, the division will have an abundant supply of edible
oil and rice and also natural gas from offshore drilling plocks. Rubber and pepper plan-
tations are also being extended in the division. The table has more.
A worksite at the mechanized farm

Development in the agriculture sector of Taninthayi Division


Land resource
increase in
- Virgin and vacant land acre 1007096 628589 cultivable land
Water supply task
- Task to be carried out - 2 2
Total benefited acres acre - 22037 22037
thousand 10113 28197 18084
beans and pulses acre - 1281 1281
- Rubber acreage acre 88343 172734 84391
- Oil palm acreage acre 17148 228938 211790
- Tea acre - 1 1
Acreage of pepper acre - 34357 34357
- Ground nut acre 135 137 2
- Sesame acre 679 1414 735
- Sun flower acre 78 78 -
- Niger acre - 28 28

The Government has been distributing quality strains, feedstuff and medicines and
disseminating techniques to develop the meat and fish sector of the division. Because of
the inclusion of the animal disease prevention project in the drive to promote the sector,
the division's current meat production has increased four times greater than that of the
past. Coastal and deep-sea fishing industry of the region is also gaining progress with
greater momentum. Please see the table to know the exact data.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Taninthayi Division

- Buffalo head 93960 136125 42165
- Cow head 92162 139166 47004
- Sheep/goat head 10453 27621 17168
- Pig head 39181 142228 103047
- Chicken head 640129 3231205 2591076
- Duck head 117212 368060 250848
- Fish breeding pond acre - 350 350
A successful poultry farm

Forest Conservation
Concerning the forestry sector, the Head of State has given guidance, saying,
“Failure to protect and conserve the natural resources will be followed by ill effects
in the long run. Destruction of forest resources will lead to destruction of land and
water resources. Thus, it is important for all of us to conserve and protect them for
long-term interest, instead of viewing only the short-term interest.”
In accord with the guidance, greater efforts are being made to conserve and protect
the division’s forest resources for their everlasting existence. The table shows the
development of forest plantation and conservation in the division with the participation of
the local people-
Development in the forestry sector of Taninthayi Division


Protected Area System sq/mile 18.99 754.45 735.46
- Thitseint plantations acre - 300 300
(in Million)
Road and Transport

Rakhine State and Taninthayi Division were called backward coastal regions in the past
due to their geographical conditions. Both are thin stretches of land lying between the
mountain ranges and the sea. Thus, they lacked development in the past.
The Tatmadaw Government has been able to beautify and develop all regions whether
their geographical conditions are of the same type or not. It is building roads and bridges
in every region.
The Government is like a gardener nurturing every plant in the garden to become
beautiful with blossoming flowers. Thanks to a network of roads and bridges, the division
now is easily reachable from other states and divisions. There is now easy access by road
from Putao in the northern point of the Union to Kawthoung in Taninthayi Division at the
southern tip.
Dawei-Myeik-Taninthayi-Bokpyin-Kawthoung road has become an all-weather facility.
The division now has over 740 miles of motor roads including over 439 miles of bituminous
roads. The present length of roads is 343 miles and two furlongs longer than that of the
past.
In addition to the Union Highway passing through the division, 14 over-180 feet
bridges have emerged in it. Of them seven have been covered by special projects. The
famous bridges in the division are: the 500-foot Winwa Bridge in Thayetchaung Township,
the 500-foot Palauk Bridge and the 600-foot Palaw Bridge in Palaw Township, the 3,612-
foot Kywegu-Kyaukphya Bridge and the 810-foot Pathoung Bridge in Myeik Township, the
1,360-foot Taninthayi Bridge in Taninthayi Township, and 860-foot Lenya-Mandaing Bridge
Kyweku-Kyaukpya Bridge
in Bokpyin Township. The railroad which ended in Ye in Mon State in the past has been
extended to Dawei in the division that is 102.38 miles from Ye. Ye- Dawei railroad was
launched in March 1998. Airports in Kawthoung and Myeik have been upgraded to
become facilities that can handle landing and taking off of passenger jets. Four more
wharves have been erected in the division. The division bordering Thailand in the east and
touching the sea in the west is enjoying sound transport development. In future, the Asian
highway and the ASEAN highway will pass through the region.
Development in the transportation sector of Taninthayi Division


Railways
- Route Mile mile - 87.47 87.47
- Track Mile mile - 95.68 95.68
- Passenger 1x1000 - 9.0 9.0
- passenger/mile mile - 1113.0 1113.0
- Goods Ton (1x1000) - 6.8 6.8
- Goods/mile mile - 205.1 205.1
- Station station - 20 20
Airways
- under 5000 ft runway airfield field 2 - upgrading
Waterway
- earth road mile 43/0 70/2 27/2
Bridge
- Public Works
*Six above 180 feet bridges built under special project

1. Winwa Bridge (Thayetchaung)
2. Palauk Bridge (Palaw)
3. Palaw Bridge (Palaw)
4. Kyweku-Kyaukpya Bridge( Myeik)
5 Taninthayi Bridge (Taninthayi)
6. Laynyamandaing Bridge (Bokpyin)
Communication Sector
Taninthayi Division is prospering together with other sister states and divisions like a tree
thriving in a garden called the Union. The table indicates the development of the commu-
nication sector of the division where the national brethren have been living in unity.
Development in the communication sector of Taninthayi Division

Facsimile - 31 31
Telephone
-telephone office office 6 31 25
-auto exchange exchange - 5 5
-manual exchange exchange 6 18 12
-rural exchange `exchange - 8 8
-number of line capacity line 530 7350 6820
-direct line line 469 5733 5264
-auto/manual phone phone 469 5679 5210
-ARTS phone - 54 54
Email/Internet - 19 19
-VSAT - 2 2
-MPT Satellite Terminal - 72 72
-VSAT - 6 6
-MPT Satellite Terminal - 72 72
Electricity
Although it is rich in land and water resources, Taninthayi Division was like an ordinary
flower without any hue throughout the past eras, as there was no one to develop the
region.
It has started to shine since the Tatmadaw Government’s assumption of the State
duties. Now it will add beauty to the Union. Up to 1988, the division had only 0.154-
megawatt Myitnge hydel power station. But after 1988, the Government built the 0.15-
megawatt Kattalu hydel power station and the 0.192-megawatt Yetagon Creek hydel
power station in the division.
Soon, the 600-megawatt Taninthayi River hydel power plant, the 25-megawatt Theinkhun
Creek hydel power station and the 20-megawatt Thakyet Creek hydel power station will
emerge in the division. The hydel power stations of the division will serve as the nation’s
strength in the future. Table will tell the reader more about the electricity sector devel-
opment of the region.
Development in the electric power sector of Taninthayi Division


- Installed power megawatt 7.612 15.083 7.471
- Completed hydel power plant* plant 1 3 2
- Small (up to 1 megawatt) plant 1 3 2

- Large scale ( above 10 megawatt) plant - 3 3
- Medium scale plant - 1 1
Other power plants

- Private plant (Diesel) plant - 235 235
*Completed hydel power plant **Hydel power projects under implementation

1. Myitnge (1988) 0.154megawatt(small) 1. Taninthayi 600 megawatt(large sacle)
2. Kattalu 0.150megawatt(small) 2. Thakyetchaung 20 megawatt (large sacle)
3. Yetagunchaung 0.192megawatt(small) 3. Theinkhunchaung 25 megawatt (large sacle)
4. Anyabya 9.3 megawatt (medium scale)
Industry
The industrial development pace of Taninthayi Division is gaining speed as the
government encourages the efforts to realize the goal. There are just 23 industries in
Myeik industrial zone. The number of factories related to marine resources, minerals,
rubber and oil palm is likely to rise. Even now, the number of private factories has
increased to 481 apart from existing 69 cottage industries and 14 State-owned factories.
The table shows industrial development of the division.
Development in the industrial sector of Taninthayi Division

Industrial zones - 1 1
Industries - 23 23
State-owned industry plant - 14 14
Mining and Minerals

Taninthayi Division also consists of Pale Yadana Myay or pearl land. After 1988, the
production of pearls has increased by 250373 momme as pearl centres are now seven in
number. Out of 33 tasks of 8 pure lead, 766 tons of pure lead, 87 tons of lead and
tungtesten mixed reposit and 282834 tons of coal can be produced.
The largest
Myanmar Pearl found in Myanmar Pearls
Taninthayi Division
Energy
In the time of the Tatmadaw government, all the states and divisions in the Union are
developing to an extent that it is difficult to say whose progress is greater than whose.
All the flowers are now blooming as a result of the goodwill of the gardener whose wishes
are to enable all the flowers to be in full bloom.
There have now emerged off-shore oil fields as if it seemed to be possible to create an
aphorism that would go “Mottama is famous for Yadana, Taninthayi for Yedagun, and
Rakhine Offshore for gold”. They are in fact the treasure bequeathed by ancestors to
posterity. It will not be wrong to assume that these gas fields guarantee inexhaustible
exploitation till many a generation to come. Encouraging are the development in energy in
Taninthayi Division in the time of the Tatmadaw Government. They are shown in the table.
Yedagun Natural Gas Field of Taninthayi Offshore

Development in the energy sector of Taninthayi Division

Oilfield (offshore) field - 1 1

Length of gas pipeline mile - 208.15 208.15
- on shore mile - 40.15 40.15

- offshore (under water) mile - 126.00 126.00
- offshore (on ground) mile - 42.00 42.00
Crude oil production barrel - 4306374.00 4306374.00

Natural gas production cubic feet - 160631.98 160631.98
Filling Station station 4 6 2
National gas field in Taninthayi Division

1. Yedagun National gas field
Education
For a nation, education is the best means of investment. With this end in view, the
Tatmadaw government is taking measures to promote the level of education in Taninthayi
Division.
“The task for the establishment of a modern and developed nation that can face
the challenges likely to arise in future is based on the development of human re-
sources.
After drawing up a special plan for promotion of national education, measures
are being taken to develop human resources as well-rounded individuals essential
for the country”, said Head of State Senior General Than Shwe at the Annual General
Meeting of Union Solidarity and Development Association on 19-2-2002.
Progress made in the past and the present in the education drive to ensure equal
learning opportunity in Taninthayi Division can be seen in the table.
Development in the education sector of Taninthayi Division


- Primary school school 894 790 } 92

- Preprimary school
-Training college and school school
- education college college - 1 1
-Number of trainee trainee - 842 842
Grade 1 enrolment rate (KG intake rate)percent 67.97 97.40 29.43
Wastage
- Primary level percent 44.82 10.72 34.10
- Middle level percent 42.53 19.94 22.59
-institute
- Degree College college
-College college 1 - upgraded
Human Resource Development Centre centre - 2 2

In the past, Yangon was the only place to pursue engineering. The same thing can be
said of computer science. The number of students admitted to the then universities and
institutes was limited. There were those whose dreams were broken for various reasons.
Now, the doors to education are kept open to all in every favourable places. The gov-
ernment has helped the young in Taninthayi Division to enable them to have easy access
to the branches of education like science and technology. They can be seen in the table.
Development in the science and technology sector of Taninthayi Division


- Technological University (Dawei)university - 1 1

- Technological University (Myeik)university - 1 1

- Computer Universities university - 2 2

- Computer University (Dawei) university - 1 1
- Computer University (Myeik) university - 1 1


Health
In this age, health has been given top priority. Hospitals are being built and upgraded
across the country to carry out health care on an extensive scale.
Two 200-bed hospitals were built in the region, and the 100-bed hospital upgraded into
the 200-bed one. Moreover, three 50-bed hospitals were also opened there, alongside ten
station hospitals and three rural health centres.
Another 197 specialists and assistant doctors were employed there. Now, the region
has 923 medical staff, up from 511 in the past. A traditional medicine hospital was also
opened there to give treatment with traditional medicines. Now, the traditional medicine
dispensaries are eight in number. Apart from the existing midwifery school, a nursing
school was also constructed with the aim of producing more nurses within the region.
Efforts are under way to bring about economic growth and social advancement in the
region. The figures related to the health sector of the region are stated in the table.
Development in the health sector of Taninthayi Division

- 25-Bedded Hospital Hospital 1 1 -
-16-Bedded Hospital Hospital 6 3 upgrading
- Hospital of other Ministry Hospital 5 1 (-) 4
- Primary and Secondary Health Center Center 1 1 -
Development in the health sector of Taninthayi Division


- Health Supervisor 1-2 Person 39 58 19
-Traditional medicine hospital (16 Bed) Hospital - 1 1
- Midwifery school School - 1 1
General Hospital in Myeik

Development Affairs
With the growing economic and social infrastructures, Taninthayi Division has become
a developed region. The gradual development of the living standard of local
people can be seen in the table.
Development in the development affairs sector of Taninthayi Division


Urban development

- Granite road mile 28/0 - upgrading
- concrete bridge - 530 530
- wood bridge - 194 194
- Tube bridge - 2 2
- other bridge - 11 11
Rural Development
-Rural roads mile 40/0 968/1 928/1
-Bituminous road mile 25/3 342/7 317/4
-Granite road mile 7/5 27/6 20/1
-Earth road mile 40/0 366/6 326/6
-Rural bridge bridge - 299 299
-concrete bridge - 52 52
Development in the development affairs sector of Taninthayi Division


-wood bridge - 219 219
-other bridge - 28 28
-Rural water supply tasks
-Village where tasks to be carried out village 672 352 352
-Completed work work - 426 426
-Rural housing house - 14 14
Development of Border Areas and National Races

The sustainable development of the whole Union is directly proportionate to regional
stability. In this age, the prospect of development has no longer been concerned with the
geographical remoteness of a particular area. It is the rule of law and order as well as
regional stability that can bring with it prosperity. The government wants every region
to enjoy equitable development. Therefore, it is working hard to leave a good legacy
behind, a peaceful, tranquil, and developed nation.
The Tatmadaw government has thus added Taninthayi Division to the zones covered
in the development project. In the table are the endeavours the Tatmadaw government
has made in Taninthayi Division.
Development in the border areas and national races affairs sector

of Taninthayi Division
- Taninthayi region region - 1 1
Road and bridge
Development in the border areas and national races affairs sector

-Bridge (large, small,suspension) bridge - 6/9/- 6/9/-
Health care service
-Sub Rural health centre centre - 5 5
Education
-Primary school school - 28 28
-Middle school school - 1 1
-Highschool school - 4 4
-Teacher teacher - 192 192
-Student student - 5827 5827
Agriculture
-Agriculture farm farm - 1 1
Energy
-Generator generator - 1 1
-electricity - 1 1
Public relations
Religion Affairs
- Monastery - 14 14
-Funds of PBANRDA kyat (in million) - 864.07 864.07
-Funds of ministries kyat (in million) - 25092.90 25092.90

“Only the efforts made not with inapplicable wishes but with the genuine good-
will that came out from the bottom of the heart will receive the return of same thing
from the public”, the Head of State gave guidance. In line with the guidance, steps are
being taken to promote the information sector of Taninthayi Division in the march to-
wards a consolidated new nation.
The table shows measures being taken for regional development.
Development in the information and public relations sector

Retransmission Station in Pyigyimandaing

Underwater natural beauty of Myeik Islands

Kanbawzathadi Palace in Bago Division
Yenwe Creek Bridge Yenwe Reservoir

and development in Bago Division
The nation-building task is a non-stop endeavour that should be handed down from one
generation to another and should be implemented with all-out efforts. For a developing
country like Myanmar, it is a colossal task covering every sector and corner of the nation.
The entire Myanmar community needs unity. In the same manner, the entire Union
needs peace and stability, a strong national force, sound economic foundations in every
sector, and assistance to enhance economic and social power.
There was also the most dire need of all the needs the nation was facing in 1988.
During the time, the colonialist wolves were waiting for an opportunity to break up
the Union into pieces, and the opportunists were ready to move in to exploit the nation.
In the minds of the entire national people was none other than the Tatmadaw which
constantly stood by them in times of emergency, and that was its fine historic tradition.
Hence, the Tatmadaw had to take over the State duties since then to attend to the many
needs of the people in discharging the historic duty.
At the Special Meeting of the Union Solidarity and Development Association held on
19 February 2002, Head of State Senior General Than Shwe said, “It is not for nothing
that we are now in the present position in the country. We are working day and
night as best we could for the emergence of a peaceful, modern, developed nation.
It can be achieved not by words but by practical deeds. We are fully aware that
there can be difficulties and obstacles ahead. There are a lot of disturbances from
inside and outside the country. Against all the odds, we are working because of our
love of the nation. If there are no disturbances and obstacles, the pace and devel-
opment of the nation will be quicker and so will the work to build a democratic
nation.’’
It is just 18 years since the Government has started the national development drive.
But within a short span of time, the nation can stand tall, achieving success after success
in various sectors, and all the states and divisions are playing their own role in the march
towards golden land in unity and amity.
On 5 February 2004, Head of State Senior General Than Shwe gave guidance on
development tasks in Mawlamyine, saying, “The Government has been providing
assistance for progress of all the regions of the Union. Economic development in all
the states and divisions will lead to developing the national economy. Ardent efforts
for regional and national development are a must.’’
“All the states and divisions are in the process of developing themselves more and
more. Only if the individuals strive to develop themselves and their own commu-
nities, will the nation be able to continue its development drive well. As the onus is
on the present generation for the betterment of the new generations, all must be
dutiful.”
The whole Union is invigorated with new energy thanks to the encouragement given
to shine all the regions. And it is the sincere efforts of the Tatmadaw Government that
have beautified and developed Bago Division where large stretches of paddy fields and
a number of magnificent bridges have emerged. Now, I will present the situation of the
past and present of Bago Division.
Bago Division
Lying in the south portion of the central plains of Myanmar, Bago Division is sharing
a common land border with Magway and Mandalay Divisions in the north, Kayin and
Mon States in the east, Yangon Division in the south and Rakhine State and Ayeyawady
Division in the west. The 24,793-square-mile region is home to Kayin, Bamar, Mon,
Chin, Rakhine, Shan and Pa-O national races living in unity since yore. A union within
the Union, its population is 5,706,923 and its population density is 230 persons per
square mile.
Except Bago Yoma, a mountain range, running from north to south in the central part
of the division, its eastern and western regions are plains. Ayeyawady River flows in the
western part, and Sittoung and Bago rivers in the east.
Agriculture
With innovative efforts, the Government has been adding value to land and water resources.
It is building regulating dams to prevent floods, and reservoirs to irrigate crops. It is developing
the division to become a reliable agricultural region of the nation.
Of the 6.5 million acres of crops fields of the division, 43 dams and 56 waterworks are
irrigating nearly 0.9 million acres. Up to this day, the nation has built Natmaw Dam, irrigating
8,000 acres of land, and Shwedaung Dam, irrigating 1,200 acres of land, in Shwedaung Township,
Singuchaung-gaung Dam, irrigating 1,500 acres of land, in Okpo Township, Taungmauk and
Kyeepin dams in Padaung Township, two dams by the same name ‘South Nawin Dam’ irrigating
4500 acres of land and 62,500 acres of land, in Paukkhaung Township, Minye Dam, irrigating
2,000 acres of land, and Sittoung Dam, irrigating 7,000 acres of land, in Ottwin Township,
Mataungta Dam, irrigating 10,520 acres of land, in Pyay Township, Seikphutaung and Kanni
dams, each irrigating 2,000 acres of land, in Toungoo Township, Yetho Dam, irrigating 2,000
acres of land, and Taungnyo Dam, irrigating 50,000 acres of land, in Nattalin Township, Zalathtaw
Dam, irrigating 2,000 acres of land, Mazin Dam, irrigating 6,500 acres of land, Shwepyi 3 Dam,
irrigating 1,250 acres of land, Zaungtu Dam, irrigating 36,250 acres of land, and Pathi Dam,
irrigating 4,000 acres of land, in Bago Township, Ngamwechaung Dam, irrigating 500 acres of
land, in Phyu Township, Bawni Dam, irrigating 6,800 acres of land, in DaikU Township, Weigyi
Dam, irrigating 45,000 acres of land, in Paungde Township, Maungkaing Dam, irrigating 3,000
acres of land, in Pandaung Township, Kangyigon Dam, irrigating 1,400 acres of land, in Pyay
Township, Thedaw Dam, irrigating 12,000 acres of land, Letpadan Township, Shangaing Dam,
irrigating 25,000 acres of land, in Waw Township, Hswachaung Dam, irrigating 35,000 acres of
land, in Yedashe Township, Thonze Dam, irrigating 50,000 acres of land, in Thayawady Town-
ship, Paingkyone Dam, irrigating 30,000 acres of land, in Kawa Township, Bawbin Dam, irrigating
30,000 acres of land, in Gyobingauk Township, Kantinbilin Dam, irrigating 25,000 acres of land,
in Minhla Township, Bindar Dam, irrigating 46,700 acres of land, in DaikU Township, Tawa
Dam, irrigating 32,000 acres of land, in Thanatpin Township, Alaingni Dam, irrigating 10,000
acres of land, in Bago Township, Gamon and Minhla dams, each irrigating 15,000 acres of land,
in Okpo, Chaungmagyi (Myohla) Dam, irrigating 3,000 acres of land, in Yedashe Township,
Shwehlay Dam, irrigating 35,000 acres of land, in Khawa Township, and Khawa Dam, irrigating
2,000 acres of land, in Padaung Township.
Baida Dam in Daik Oo Township
Yenwe Reservoir in Bago Division

Fifty-six river water pumping stations, 48,918 small dams and 710 tube-wells have also been
built in the division. The irrigation facilities have doubled the double-cropping of paddy to over
2.7 million acres. The division has put 3011004 acres of land under monsoon paddy and 42157
acres of land under summer paddy. The division is producing food more than twice the amount
of local consumption. It is distributing half the amount of its rice production to other regions.
Beans and pulses cultivation is showing encouraging signs. The division is cultivating over 1.6
million acres of beans and pulses and over 70,000 acres of rubber, which has ready markets
abroad. Today, physic-nut plants are grown in over 30,0000 acres.
But the prospering Bago Division and its energetic people are not content with the present
developments. The land has natural resources, manpower and bright prospects. The Tatmadaw
Government has been helping people get available land and water resources ready for use.
Yenwe Dam, which will irrigate 118,500 acres of crops, in Kyauktaga Township, Pyuchaung
Dam, which will irrigate 120,000 acres of crops, in Pyu Township, Khaboung Dam, which will
irrigate 135,000 acres of crops, in Ottwin Township, and Moeyungyi Dam, which will irrigate
40,000 acres of crops, in Waw Township have been built at present. The table shows the developing
agricultural sector of the division.
Development in the agriculture sector of Bago Division


Land resource
cultivable land
Water supply task
Development in the agriculture sector of Bago Division


Damming creek - 75 75
thousand 126720 222869 96149
Rubber acreage acre 11167 70758 59591
edible oil crop
- Groundnut acre 130733 160147 29414
- Sesame acre 243490 179477 (-)64013
- Sun Flower acre 102944 274115 171171
- Mustard acre 92 712 620
- Niger acre 1065 2778 1713

Once, the Head of State gave guidance, saying, “All will have to pay special atten-
tion to development of other economic sectors in harmony with the agricultural
development. As the Government is running the agricultural and livestock breeding
industry, assistance should also be provided for the private sector to participate in it.”
In accord with the guidance, the division is developing its fish and meat sector. It is
raising nearly twelve million heads of buffaloes, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, duck and
chicken and extending fish and prawn farms.The honey production has been thriving and
reached 39,450 pounds. The table stands witness to the progress of the livestock and
fisheries sector of the division.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Bago Division

- Buffalo head 198449 271772 73323
- Cow head 1058749 1333871 275122
- Sheep/Goat head 17565 43323 25758
- Pig head 366482 644217 277735
- Chicken head 5304333 14633289 9328956
- Duck head 1774350 3714589 1940239
- Turkey, Goose, Muscovy duck head 67746 111687 43941
- Quail head - 32730 32730
Fish and Prawn breeding
Honey Production
- Bee-hives Num 187 1274 1087
- Pollination service acre 5521 14570 9045
Forest Conservation
Land, water and climate are the nation’s basic natural resources. In accord with the
guidance, which said, “We must conserve and protect our forests as their destruction
will damage the soil and water that will cause adverse changes in the climate”, the
division is conserving and protecting forests and establishing forest plantations.
Local people are also conserving and protecting forests and planting trees in their
communities. The table indicates the development of the division's forestry sector.
Forest Plantations
Development in the forestry sector of Bago Division


Natural land area sq/mile - 40 40
-Teak special plantation acre - 72000 72000
-Industrial plantation acre 4790 35140 30350
-Watershed plantation acre - 43420 43420
-Thitseint plantations acre - 5150 5150
(in Million)
Road and Transport

Although it is a central region, Bago Division lacked wide and smooth roads till 1988.
The 354-mile 2 furlong six-lane Yangon-Mandalay Highway Project covers Bago Division
as the highway passes through the region.
The Government has upgraded the Yangon-Pyay-Magway road, Phayagyi-Thaton road
and Pyay-Aunglan road, and expanded the Letpadan-Hinthada road and Pyay-Paukkhaung-
Toungoo road.
Preparations have now started to lay the Asian, ASEAN and transnational highways
that will pass through the division in the future.
In addition to Ayeyawady and Sittoung rivers, other creeks and small rivers are also
flowing in the region. Thus, a number of bridges large and small are being built in the
division. The Nawade Bridge in Pyay is the first Ayeyawady River bridge built by the
Tatmadaw Government. Located on Pyay-Sinde road, the 4,183-foot facility was commis-
Yenwe Creek Bridge
sioned into service in 1997. The government used K 833.17 million and US $ 8.685
million to build the facility that is now helping develop the west bank of the Ayeyawady.
Nawade Bridge spanning Ayeyawady River was constructed in Bago Division. Like-
wise, the 1500-foot-long Sittoung Bridge spanning Sittoung River was also constructed
to link the region with Nyaunglebin, Shwegyin, and Madauk.
A total of 16 bridges with the length of 180 feet and above, including Nawade and
Sittoung Bridges, were opened in the region in the time of the Tatmadaw Government.
There also emerged in the region such bridges as Myitmakha Bridge which is 1,520 feet
long on Letpadan-Hinthada Road in Letpadan Township, Khabaung Bridge on Yangon-
Mandalay Highway in Taungoo Township, Kadokchaung and Kawliya Bridges in DaikU
Township, Pyu Creek Bridge in Pyu Township, Yenwe Creek Bridge, Baingda Bridge and
Kwinchaung Bridge in Nyaunglebin Township, Bago River-crossing Bridge in Bago Town-
ship, Wetpok Bridge on Yangon-Pyay Road in Thegon Township, and Thaikchaung Bridge
and Bamaung Bridge on Pyay-Paukkhaung-Taungoo Road in Paukkhaung Township.
Kawa bridge which is 400 feet in length is being constructed across Bago River in
Kawa Township. Arrangements are under way to build Sittoung Bridge (Natthankwin)
on Penwegon-Kyaukkyi Road and another Bago river-crossing bridge in the region. The
emergence of a network of roads and bridges in the region will strengthen the Union in
other way.
Like motor roads, railroads are also being constructed and upgraded in the region.
Now, the east Bago Yoma has been linked with the west Bago Yoma by railroad. A
railroad linking Pyay, Aunglan, Taungdwingyi, Kyaukpadaung, Bagan and Myingyan
was also constructed. Therefore, its surrounding areas will soon boom in trade.
Development in the transportation sector of Bago Division


Railways
- Route mile mile 354.84 395.09 40.25
- Track mile mile 754.35 801.15 46.80
- Passenger (1x1000) 5024.0 6509.0 1485.0
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 87.4 129.1 41.7
- Goods/mile mile 10087.6 18666.6 8579.0
Airways
- above 5000 ft runway airfiled field 1 1 -
Extension of Motor Road mile 815/0 1063/2 248/2
- earth road mile 4/0 96/4 92/4
Bridge
- Public Works
- above 180 feet bridge 36 56 20
Development in the transportation sector of Bago Division


- under construction** bridge - 2 2
- bridge to be built*** bridge - 2 2
- under 180 feet bridge - 136 136
*Three above 180 feet bridges built under **Two bridges under
construction 1. Kawa Bridge (Kawa)
special projects 2. Swachaung Bridge (Yedashe)
1. Nawade Bridge (Pyay) (Ayeyawady river crossing) ***Two bridges to be built
2. Khabaung Bridge (Toungoo) 1. Sittoung Bridge (Natthangwin)
3. Sittoung Bridge (Shwegyin-Madauk) 2. Bago Bridge (Circular road)
Communications
With socio-economic life enjoying a quantum leap throughout the country, steps are
being taken to ensure a parallel development in the communication sector. “Communica-
tion and transport are central to economic growth. A better transport system should be
carried out to boost economy”. They are the success achieved in the efforts to develop
the communication and transport sector of Bago Division. In the table, figures are shown
in comparison with the conditions in 1988 and those at present.
Development in the communication sector of Bago Division


Telegraph office Num 33 44 11
Development in the communication sector of Bago Division


Telephone
- GSM phone - 7823 7823
- Local satellite ground station
(MPT Satellite Terminal) - 36 36
- Local satellite channel
Electricity
The Union of Myanmar did not merely bear over 100 national races. She also be-
queathed her offspring with hilly regions, mountain ranges, valleys, coasts, rivers and
creeks, wetland, sea, and islands.
‘The eldest son is responsible to assume the duty of father’, so goes a Myanmar
saying. Now, the Tatmadaw is assuming that duty and doing its best to preserve and
better what has been left on its shoulders.
Untapped energy is exploited and put into use. Thus, Zaungtu Hydel Power Project
came into being in Bago Division. There was no hydel power station in the region till
1988. Power Grid and Diesel-powered factories were then the reliable things.
The Bago River is well-known because of Zaungtu multi-purpose project. And Zaungtu
Dam can feed over 36,000 acres of farmland with irrigation water. It can also prevent the
floods in Bago and its vicinity. It also generates 20 megawatts of electricity.
Other hydel power projects like Zaungtu are under way to place them in service of
national interests. They are Shwegyin (75 megawatts), Kunchaung (60 megawatts), Pyu
Creek (40 megawatts), Khabaung (30 megawatts), and Thaukyegut (2) (140 megawatts).
They will produce 345 megawatts of electricity in total.
Sandalwood cannot be found in every forest, just as ruby cannot be found in every
mountain, so goes a saying. In the time of the Tatmadaw government, arrangements are
being made to establish at least one hydel power in every state and division. Now, Bago
Division is in the prospect of producing more electricity. The contrast of development
between the past and the present in Bago Division can be seen in the table.
Development in the electric power sector of Bago Division


- Completed hydel power plant * plant - 2 2
- Project under implementation ** plant - 5 5
- Large scale (above 10 megawatt) plant - 5 5
- Project to be implemented*** project - 1 1
Other power plants
- Completed natural gas-fired plant**** plant 1 1 -
- Private industry plant - 84 84
*Completed hydel power plant *** Project to be implemented

1. Zaungtu 20 megawatt (large scale) 1. Bawgata 168 megawatt (large scale)
2. Yenwe 25 megawatt (large scale)
**Hydel power project under implementation
1 Phyuchaung 40 megawatt (large scale) ****Completed natural gas-fired plant
2. Khabaung 30 megawatt (large scale) 1.Shwedaung 55.35 megawatt (large scale) 1988
3. Kunchaung 60 megawatt (large scale)
4. Shwegyin 75 megawatt (large scale)
5. Thaukyegut (2) 140 megawatt (large scale)
Zaungtu Hydel Power Plant in Bago Division
Industry
‘Efforts are to be made to transform the country into an industry based on
agriculture’. In line with the guideline, encouragement has been given to the industrial
development in Bago Division. Nowadays, Pyay Industrial Zone in Bago Division has
contained 194 industries.
In the industrial sector, the involvement of the private sector is getting higher in ratio.
With private-owned factories close to 3011 the zone has 4740 factories in total. The
cottage industries are 568 in number while the State-owned factories are 108. Data are
shown in the table.
Development in the industrial sector of Bago Division


- Industrial zones - 1 1
- Industries - 194 194
- State-owned industry plant 76 108 32
Intagaw Industrial Zone
Mining and Minerals

Bago Division can be said to be a gold mine in the golden land. In the past, there was
only a gold mine in the region. But, the number has now increased to 23. In 1988, the
region could produce just 9.52 troy-ounce of gold, but now it can produce 55.45 troy-
ounce of gold.
Energy
Crude oil, also called black gold, can also be produced in Bago Division. Natural gas
is being exploited on a greater scale at Pyay oil field. A pipeline with a length of 326
miles has also been laid to distribute natural gas. The natural gas will contribute much
to the drive for the replacement of diesel or petrol cars with Compressed Natural Gas
(CNG) kits. Progress is shown in the table.
Development in the energy sector of Bago Division

Oilfield (onshore) Pyay field 3 2 completed(1)

Length of gas pipeline mile 119.50 326.41 206.91
Crude oil production barrel 103144.59 87054.00 (-)16090.59
Natural gas production cubic feet 8314.52 1964.53 (-)6349.99
Lubricant distributing station shop - 38 38
Oil fields and Natural Gas Fields in Bago Division
(1) Pyay oil fields and natural gas Field
(2) Pyalo natural gas Field
Education
The promotion of education is of vital importance for the lasting existence and stability
of a race. Students are being nurtured to become educated persons who will serve
the interests of the country in the future.
As part of the efforts to ensure constant learning, there have been opened 683 post-
primary schools, 3706 primary schools, 284 middle schools and 224 high schools in Bago
Division. Two more Arts and Science Universities and one more degree college were also
opened there, given the vast area of the region. As a result, the number of students of basic
education has reached nearly 800,000, while that of students of higher education has
reached nearly 60,000. It is therefore encouraging to see in the table the growing number
of students in Bago Division.
Development in the education sector of Bago Division


- Primary school
school
school
-
3446
683
3257 } 494
- Preprimary school
-Training college and school school 3 - upgraded
-Education college college - 2 2
-Number of trainee trainee 600 1570 970
Grade 1 enrolment rate (KG intake rate)prcent 68.00 98.75 30.76
Wastage
- Primary level percent 41.55 7.67 (-) 33.88
- Middle level percent 39.32 11.08 (-) 28.25
- Degree college college - 1 1
Number of WAN sites sites - 7 7

A Technological University was opened in Pyay, which is a strategic place, in order
to produce engineers and computer scientists. A technological university and a computer
university were also constructed in Pyay and Toungoo. Now, they are nurturing educated
youths. This being the case, technocrats capable of constructing simultaneously 100
bridges similar to Nawade Bridge in form and size will gain in number.
The table shows progress at present and in 1988.
Development in the science and technology sector of Bago Division


Pyay Technological University university - 1 1
Technological University (Toungoo) university - 1 1
Computer Universities university - 2 2
Computer University (Toungoo) university - 1 1
- Computer University (Pyay) university - 1 1
Health
District-level hospitals are staffed with specialists who will give lectures on six
specializations, and state- and division-level hospitals with specialists who will give
lectures on 12 specializations to provide public health care on a greater scale.
Now, Bago Division possesses two 200-bed hospitals, one 150-bed hospital, two 100-
bed hospitals, eighteen 25-bed hospitals, one 16-bed hospital, and 53 station hospitals.
The total number has seen an increase of 23 hospitals when compared with that of 1988.
Besides 185 health centres, there also emerged another 17 health centres. The region also
now has one traditional medicine hospital and 26 dispensaries.
A total of 2,533 health staff including 351 specialists and assistant doctors have been
employed in the region. In the past, the region had only three midwifery schools. Now,
the region gets two more nursing schools.
The table indicates progress in the health sector.
Development in the health sector of Bago Division


-16-Bedded Hospital Hospital 14 1 upgrading
- Hospital of other Ministry Hospital - 3 3
- Local health Centre Centre 3 4 1
Development in the health sector of Bago Division


-Traditional Medicine Hospital (16Bed)Hospital - 1 1
Development Affairs
Among the historic projects of the country are urban and rural development projects.
Success has been achieved in these projects as a result of the combined efforts made by
the government and the people.
In the past, rural areas lagged behind in development. Even cities lacked urban char-
acteristics. However in the time of the Tatmadaw Government, there emerged roads
linking one village and the other, one town and the other, and one district and the other.
The table shows the achievements gained in the urbanization tasks being carried out in
Bago Division.
Development in the development affairs sector of Bago Division


Urban development
- Urban roads mile 333/7 660/4 326/5
- Earth road mile 155/0 174/6 19/6
Development in the development affairs sector of Bago Division


Rural Development
- Rural roads mile 446/6 3896/5 3449/7
- Earth road mile 94/1 2628/6 2534/5

In accord with the guideline— to make the general public realize the policies and
objectives of the State, the information sector is being implemented to enable it to take
full shape.
Efforts are being made for the extension of TV retransmission stations and the opening
of libraries in all areas down to villages. The tasks being undertaken for the information
sector of Bago Division are shown in the table.
Bago Division
Shwesettaw Pagoda in Minbu
Shwechaung Bridge (Magway) Kyaw-Yaymyetni railroad section and

Ponnyartaung Cave
and development in Magway Division
Thanks to the endeavours of the Myanmar national races, the country has the shining
periods in her history. History has seen the emergence of the First Myanmar Empire in
Bagan period, the Second Myanmar Empire in Toungoo period and the Third Myanmar
Empire in Konboung period. All were powerful and strong empires, endowed with three
strengths — the strength of unity, the economic strength and the military might. During
the periods, the national races strictly adhered to the moral conduct and possessed strong
national spirit.
The people were able to ward off all the enemies of the nation coming from abroad or within
the nation. The people also had the amazing strength to rebuild the nation whenever it had faced
deterioration. The victories of the people throughout the history stand witness to the fact.
At the conclusion of the Myanmar Affairs and International Studies course on 3 July
2004, Head of State Senior General Than Shwe said, “We can clearly know all the
significant events of the nation and her main requirements if we study her past,
observe her present-day events and foresee her future. If a citizen takes part in the
task of attending to the nation’s needs in person, with constructive attitude, while
knowing all the events occurred or are occurring in the country, we can say he is
dutiful in discharging the national duty. Dutiful citizens with high conviction are
the nation’s strength.”
The nation has been achieving success after success, with the united strength of the
Government, the Tatmadaw and the people, in entering a new age, with bright prospects.
Since its assumption of the State duties, the Tatmadaw has been giving priority to
building agricultural, transport and communication, education and health infrastructures
required for the national modernization and development drive. As the country is wit
nessing infrastructure development in every sector, she is in the process of generating
more electricity and producing extra oil to further raise her dignity.
During his visit to Magway Division on 22 December 2004, Head of State Senior
General Than Shwe gave guidance, saying, “The Government has been paying special
attention to launching the national development drive for simultaneous develop
ment of Magway Division and all other states and divisions and the border areas
and to narrow the gap between one region and another soonest. As as result, the
nation has seen proportionate progress in all the regions.
“The Government is launching the development drive covering all parts of the
nation despite many difficulties it is facing. It is carrying out the task with the
conviction of developing the nation and the race.
“The developments are the result of united and cooperative efforts of the Gov-
ernment and the people. And the national developments stand witness to the fact
that unity is success. The Government, the people and the Tatmadaw should con-
tinue to safeguard and build the nation with harmonious efforts.”
Both the history and the present-day developments prove that unity is success. With
its many developments resulting from the successful endeavours of the Government, the
people and the Tatmadaw, Magway Division proudly declares that unity is strength.
Magway Division
Located in the central part of the nation, Magway Division is sharing a common land
border with Sagaing Division in the north, Mandalay Division in the east, Bago Division
Hlaingchaung Reservoir in Seikphyu Township, Pakokku District

in the south, and Chin and Rakhine States in the west. The 17,306-square-mile division
is home to various national races including Bamar, Chin, Rakhine, Kayin and Shan. As
it has a population of 5295983, its population density is 306 persons per square mile.
Ayeyawady River has formed large stretches of plains along its course in the division. Its
other regions are mountainous. Over 3,000-foot high Ponnya range runs from north to south
in the north-east sector. Minbu and Taungdwingyi plains are the largest in the division, where
a number of creeks including the Yaw, the Salin, the Mone and the Mann are flowing.
Agriculture
In the past, Magway Division and some of its surrounding areas were known as the arid
region. Later they were called the dry region. The Tatmadaw Government has been developing
Magway Division to help it enjoy prosperity and adequate amount of water supply for multi
purposes. With goodwill, the Government has made efforts to ensure abundant supply of water
for the division. It has beautified the division's landscape and built irrigation facilities for success
of its agriculture. The phrase “a cluster of dams” is popular in the division after 1988.
Three new dams in the division — the Kinbuntaung in Taungdwingyi Township, the
Salepakhannge in Chauk Township, and the Duringabo in Aunglan Township — now
irrigating 20,800 acres of land in 1991. The Government has been building more dams
in the division including Bokchaung Dam in Myothit Township, Pwetha Dam in Aunglan
Township, Theechauk Dam in Pauk Township and Myaingchaung Dam in Myaing Town-
ship in 1992, Gazunma Dam in Seikphyu Township and Taungkhayan Dam in Gangaw
Township in 1993, Hsinchaung Dam in Yesagyo Township in 1994, Natmauk Diversion
Dam and Natmauk Dam in Natmauk Township in 1995, Bangon Dam in Taungdwingyi
Township in 1996, Yaw Creek Dam-2 in Pauk Township in 1997, Hsadan Dam in
Myothit Township and Mann Creek Dam in Ngaphe Township in 1998, Ngamin Dam
in Taungdwingyi Township in 1999, and South Yama Dam in Myaing Township in
2000. Kyetmauk and Leti dams in Myaing Township, Yanpe Dam in Taungdwingyi
Township, Sunchaung and Palin dams in Myothit Township, Salin Dam in Salin Town-
ship, Naga Dam in Yenangyoung Township, Kyauktaga Dam in Natmauk Township and
Bwetgyi Dam in Aunglan Township are also helping develop the agricultural sector of
the division.
Mone Creek Multipurpose Dam, commissioned into service on 29 December 2003, is the
29 th dam built by the Government. The facility is generating electricity and supplying cool and
Development in the agriculture sector of Magway Division


Land resource
increase in
- Virgin and vacant land acre 1168468 157429 cultivable land
Water supply task
-Task completed station - 46 46
-Task under implementation station - 8 8
-Task to be carried out station - 5 5
-Benefited acres acre - 81156 81156
Damming creek - 8 8
Tubewells - 1296 1296
-Benefited acres acre - 10543 10543
- Summer paddy acreage acre - 99 99
thousand 14094 57945 43851
Development in the agriculture sector of Magway Division

Maize acreage acre 72330 87717 15387
Progress in rubber acreage acre - 42 42
Coffee acre 389 429 40
edible oil crop
-Groundnut acre 345039 377733 32694
-Sesame acre 1007632 1284107 276475
-Sunflower acre 37800 466298 428498
-Mustard acre 255 1701 1446
-Niger acre 4053 25786 21733
Physic nut acre 59 529387 529328
clean water for the division. As the dam is irrigating over 100,000 acres of crops year-
round, the people of Magway are striving to double their crop production as they now
have adequate amount of water supply which is the most important requirement for them.
And there are more. The four dams under construction — one each in Pwintbyu,
Kanma, Gangaw and Sedoktara townships — will irrigate over 22,000 acres of land, and
Myakhetaung Dam and a series of weirs on Yaw Creek will come out soon to add
irrigation capacity of the division. The facilities will bear fruits till posterity.
Dams, waterworks and other water supply projects have helped increase sown acreage and
per acre yield of the division. As farmers can grow rice in the region, its food production can
now fulfil 78 per cent of local consumption, up from only 50 per cent in the past.
Magway Division, renowned as the edible oil bowl of Myanmar, is extending cultivation
of other crops. The table has more about the agricultural developments of the division
coming out as another reliable region of the nation.

“Assistance will have to be provided to farmers to raise livestock as their income
will increase only if they can run livestock farms in addition to the main job of
cultivation.” It is one of the guidances the Head of State has given for national devel
opment. At present, the livestock and fisheries industry is helping raise the income of the
local people. The division is now raising over 19.3 million heads of livestock, up from
7.3 million heads in the past. Fish farms have increased four times than that in the past.
Honey production amounts to 90,390 pounds, over thirty times more than that in 1988.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Magway Division

- Buffalo head 86312 108016 21704
- Cow head 1578045 2100497 522452
- Sheep/goat head 383051 1092677 709626
- Pig head 279640 1046166 766526
- Chicken head 4845188 14857179 10011991
- Duck head 55344 143979 88635
- Turkey, goose, muscovy duck head 11619 10518 (-)1101
Honey Production
- Bee - hives Num 214 2003 1789
Forest Conservation
There is a saying, which goes, “A large and thriving tree can house 10,000 birds.” So
the one who destroys a forest while exploiting it is like a person who destroys his own
race. The Tatmadaw Government has been striving to conserve and extend forests and
increase the number of wildlife in the nation. Concerning the matter, Head of State
Senior General Than Shwe has given the following guidance:
“As the Nine-District Greening Project is a special project, it cannot be imple-
mented with ordinary efforts. Serious attention and energetic efforts are needed.
We will not lose our precious resources only if we see the project as a national task.
Otherwise, the land will become uninhabitable in 50 years. In this context, the
Government will implement the project without fail for the people to enjoy its
benefits till posterity.”
In the past, Magway Division could be called a dry region receiving less amount of
rain annually because of the mountain ranges barring the monsoon winds to reach it.
Now the division is covered by the Thirteen-District Greening Project. The table shows
the development of the division's regional greening project due to the harmonious progress
of the forestry sector and the fish and meat sector.
Development in the forestry sector of Magway Division


Protected Area System sq/mile 215.1 215.15 0.05
-Teak special plantation acre - 27000 27000
-Industrial plantation acre 2300 18100 15800
Development in the forestry sector of Magway Division


(in Million) 0.57 53.55 52.98
Establishment of plantations acre - 147170 147170
-Firewood plantation acre - 88877 88877
-Mountain range plantation acre - 9688 9688
-Other acre - 12200 12200
-Research plantation acre - 160 160
-Physic nut acre - 2590 2590
-Natural forest conservation acre - 691181 691181
Firewood substitute fuel
-Stove Num - 198504 198504
-Briquette Num - 40121417 40121417
-Recycling of agricultural waste ton - 129106.17 129106.17
Water supply tasks
-Pond pond - 596 596
-Dam dam - 420 420
-Tubewell well - 32 32
Bago mountain range greening work
-Establishment of plantation acre - 14740 14740
- Firewood plantation acre - 1455 1455
- Research plantation acre - 10 10
- Other acre - 950 950
- Physic nut acre - 710 710
- Natural forest conservation acre - 71750 71750
Road and Transport

Water flows from higher ground to lower place.
The efforts of the people of the Union have reached all the backward places of the nation
including those in Magway Division. The Government has built many bridges in the division.
Although it is located in the central part of the nation, only some areas have good transport.
Even the regions of the division lying on the eastern bank of Ayeyawady had few roads
in the past. For the west bank the matter of good transport was out of the question.
The Government has built the 97-mile-seven furlong Pakokku-Pauk-Kyaukhtu-Mindat
road and the 112-mile-seven-furlong Seikphyu-Saw-Kyaukhtu-Mindat road both reaching
Chin State, the 140-mile Pakokku-Pauk-Htilin-Gangaw road in the division, the 28-mile
Taungdwingyi-Myothit-Natmauk road, the 62-mile-four-furlong Magway-Natmauk-
Pyawbwe road reaching Mandalay Division. It has also upgraded the Magway-
Taungdwingyi-Kyaukpadaung-Meiktila road. The division now has 1742 miles of roads
including 985 miles and six furlongs of bituminous roads.
In the past, Innwa Bridge was the only bridge on Ayeyawady River. Now it has sister
bridges — the Bala Min Htin in Myitkyina, the Nawade in Pyay, the Anawrahta in
Chauk, and the Ayeyawady Bridge (Magway) in Magway.
Of the 15 over 180-foot bridges built by the Government in Magway Division, four are
covered by special projects. They are: the 300-foot Launggat Creek Bridge on Kale-Gangaw
road in Gangaw Township and the 500-foot Shwechaung Bridge on Pathein-Monywa road in
Ahtet Minhla Township, and the two Ayeyawady River bridges — the 5,192-foot Anawrahta
Shwechaung Bridge (Magway) Opening ceremony of Kyaw-Yaymyetni

railroad section and Ponnyartaung Cave
Bridge on Chauk-Seikphyu road in Chauk and the 8,989-foot Ayeyawady Bridge (Magway)
in Magway.
Now, on Pathein-Monywa Road in Sagu Township is Mann Creek Bridge; Kale-
Gan gaw Road in Gangaw Township, Tawwin Bridge; Pauk-Kyaukhtu Road in Kyaukhtu
Township, Natho Bridge; Gangaw-Haka Road, Myittha Bridge; Seikphyu-Kandwin-
Pakokku Road in Seikphyu Township, Yaw Creek Bridge; Minhla-Kani-Minbu-Salin-
Tanyaung Road in Minbu Township, Nwetame Bridge; Salin-Pwintbyu Road in Pwintbyu
Township; and Mone Creek Bridge.
Bwetkyi Bridge (Aunglan), Mone Creek Bridge (Pwintbyu), Pauk Bridge-1 (Ohndaw),
and Pauk Bridge-2 (Yaypya) projects have been implemented. Daungnay Creek Bridge
will emerge soon.
The bridges in Magway Division are contributing towards regional development. The
regions on the west bank of Ayeyawady River that lagged behind in development will
be able to stay in touch with the regions on the east bank of the river before long.
In the time of the Tatmadaw Government, a railroad linking Magway Division and the
western regions came into being. It is 146-mile-long ChaungU-Pakokku-Gangaw-Kale
railroad section. Soon, the extension of the railroad will be completed from Chaw to Kyaw,
then from Kale to Yaymyetni, and then to the scheduled region. The facility has pros-
pects to be extended from Kale to Tamu then to the border of Myanmar and India.
In the past, there were small airports in Magway, Gangaw, Saw, Htilin, Lanywa, Pauk and
Sedoktara in Magway Division. The government opened Magway Airport on 6-6-2003, Kyaukhtu
Airport on 10-7-2004 and Pakokku Airport on 5-9-2004, and jets can use them.
All the States and Divisions have witnessed dramatic development in a short time. The
ta ble shows the progress of the transport sector of Magway Division.
Development in the transportation sector of Magway Division

Railways
- Route Mile mile 94.42 460.94 366.52
- Track Mile mile 99.60 490.11 390.51
- Passenger 1x1000 1916.8 2241.0 324.2
- passenger/ mile mile 142274.3 208792.0 66517.7
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 22.8 53.2 30.4
- Goods/mile mile 2802.9 9202.8 6399.9
Development in the transportation sector of Magway Division


Airways
- Airfield field 9 12 3
- above 5000 ft runway airfield field - 3 3
- earth road mile 167/0 167/7 0/7
Bridge
- Public Works
- above 180 feet bridge 20 38 18
- bridge under construction bridge - 2 2
- bridge to be constructed bridge - 1 1
- under 180 feet bridge 324 431 107
Three new above 5000 ft runway airfields Bridge under construction

1. Magway 1. Bwetkyi Bridge (Aunglan)
2. Kyaukhtu 2. Mone Creek Bridge (Pwintbyu)
3. Pakokku
Completed above 180 feet bridges Bridge to be constructed
1. Anawrahta Bridge(Chauk) (across Ayeyawady river) 1. Daungnay Creek Bridge
2. Launggat Bridge (Gangaw)
3. Ayeyawady Bridge (Magway) (across Ayeyawady river)
4. Shwe Chaung Bridge (Ahtet Minhla)
Communications
The region has also achieved cumulative development in the communication sector. The
table indicates the progress of its communication sector.
Development in the communication sector of Magway Division


Telephone Service
- telephone office Office 23 82 59
- telephone line line 3400 24928 21528
- DECT radio phone phone - 408 408
- GSM phone phone - 3741 3741
Microwave station 7 34 27
Electric Power
The government is also taking measures for further development of the region through
the electric power sector. It implemented the Mone Creek Multipurpose Dam Project.
The table depicts the progress of the electric power sector.
Development in the electric power sector of Magway Division


Electricity consumption unit (in million)264.020 502.110 238.090
- Hydel power plant completed * plant - 1 1
- Project to be implemented ** plant - 3 3
Other power plants
- Natural gas-powered plant plant 2 3 1
- Diesel-used plant plant 25 18 (-)7
Megapower
Supply
Extension
* Hydel power plant completed

1. Monechaung 75.000 megawatt (large) ( after 1988)
Natural gas-powered plant completed

1. Kyunchaung 54.300 megawatt (large) (1988)
2. Mann 36.900 megawatt (large) (1988)
3. Kammathabawa 8.72 megawatt (small) (after 1988)
** Hydel Power Project to be implemented

1. Kyee-on kyee-wa 74 megawatt (large)
2. Myittha 40 megawatt (large)
3. Bu-ywa 42 megawatt (large)
Industry
The national development absolutely relies on national unity. With speedy construction tasks,
the nation is now on the path to development. And with the achievement in the electric
power and energy sectors, the region has prospects for industrial development.
The government organized industries and enterprises into Yenangyoung and Pakokku
Industrial Zones. The number of private factories has increased to 2141. The region has
got 157 cottage industries in total along with 55 State-run factories. The table reflects the
region’sindustrial progress.
Development in the industrial sector of Magway Division

- Industrial zones zone - 2 2
- Industries industry - 384 384
-Private industry plant 932 2141 1209
Mining and Minerals

After 1988, the region has been able to explore a coal deposit and a limestone deposit.
So far, the region has produced 635 metric tons of coal and 753845 metric tons of
industrial limestone. Efforts are now being made for extended exploration of mineral
deposits in the region.
Energy
The government has upgraded the 10 oilfields and discovered five more oilfields. The
table represents the progress of the energy sector of the region.
Development in the energy sector of Magway Division

Oilfield (onshore) field 10 15 5
Length of gas pipeline mile 52.30 426.92 374.62
Crude oil production barrel 5883779.00 2878548.00 (-)3005231.00
Natural gas production Plants cubicfeet 17619.75 8250.34 (-)9369.41
Oil Refinery gallon 118.54 108.86 (-) 9.68
( 1x106 )
- Filling station station 15 16 1
- CNG Station 3 3 -
Plants plant 6 7 1
- refinery (Manthapayankan,
Chauk) refinery 2 2 -
- LPG plant (Minbu, Kyun Chaung) plant 1 2 1
- fertilizer plant (Salaei, Kyun
Chaung, plant Kyawswa) plant 3 3 -
Education
The government is upgrading Magway to the capital of the central Myanmar and
Pakokku to the capital of the regions on west bank of the Ayeyawady River. Magway
Division has become famous for its better education standard. The Ministry of Education
has opened 3957 basic education schools with 23275 teachers. More than 600,000 students
go to these education facilities. It has also opened two arts and science universities,
a degree college and two education colleges. The number of higher education students
has risen to nearly 40,000, up from 3,488 in the past. In addition, it has established the
Institute of Agriculture, the Cooperative Training School and the Youths Development
Training Centre. The table shows progress of the education sector.
Magway University in Magway Division
Development in the education sector of Magway Division


} 302
- Multi-media classroom room - 100 100

Development in the education sector of Magway Division


- Preprimary school
Wastage
- Primary level percent 43.60 3.85 39.75
- Middle level percent 39.18 10.77 28.41

- University, college, degree college 3 3 -
- Art and seience University university - 2 2
- Degree College college 1 1 -

The development of the region contributes towards that of the national. The new generation
youths will have to shoulder the national defence and nation-building duties. The youths
born around 1988 can now grab the opportunities that their ancestors had never enjoyed.
The table compares the science and technology sector in 1988 and that of present.
Development in the science and technology sector of Magway Division


Technological Universities university - 2 2
- Technological University (Magway) university - 1 1
- Technological University (Pakokku) university - 1 1
Number of teacher teacher - 225 225
Number of student (graduate) student - 4647 4647
Number of student (current) student - 3266 3266
-Computer Universities university - 2 2
- Computer University (Magway) university - 1 1
- Computer University (Pakokku) university - 1 1
Government Technical Institute/School institute 1 3 2
- Government Technical Institute (Chauk) institute 1 1 -
- Government Technical Institute (Yenangyoung) Institute - 1 1
- Technical training school (Pakokku) school - 1 1
Health
The government is taking steps for better health care concerns for enabling the entire people
to enjoy fitness and longevity and to be free from diseases. It is taking preventive
measures against diseases especially malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS, giving medical
treatments and raising the health standard of local people in Magway Division.
The government has built a teaching and general hospital and three 200-bed specialist
hospital in the region. Now, there are two 100-bed hospitals, four 50-bed hospitals, six
25-bed hospitals, ten 16-bed hospitals, 38 station hospitals and six hospitals of other
ministries numbering 70, accounting for 14 more hospitals in the region.
A total of 500 specialists and assistant surgeons among 2906 health staff have been
appointed in these medical facilities. There are 152 health care centres, a traditional
medicine hospital and 20 dispensaries in the region.
The government has constructed an institute of medicine and a university of primary
health in Magway with a view to producing physicians and medical experts. The table
reveals an increase in the number of the health staff and medical facilities of the region.
Magway Institute of Medicine in Magway Division

Development in the health sector of Magway Division

- Teaching and General Hospital Hospital - 1 1
- Local Health Centre Centre 2 3 1
Health Manower * Person 1649 2906 1257
- Traditional Medicine Hospital (16Bed)Hospital - 1 1
Universities University - 2 2
-University of Medical University - 1 1
-University of Community Health University - 1 1
- Teachers Person - 255 255
- Students Person - 3810 3810
Development Affairs
The urban and rural development sector is making progress in parallel with economic,
education and health sectors of the region. The length of roads has increased to 498 miles
and six furlong including more than 155 miles and five furlong of bituminous roads. The
five rural development tasks are in full swing in the region. The length of rural roads has
risen to 3494 miles.
The water supply project has thoroughly covered 21 out of 25 towns so far. The govern
ment is also implementing the fresh water project effectively for supply of water to the villages
in the division. Up to now, the project has benefited 1,428 out of 1469 villages. The table
indicates progress of roads and water supply projects in Magway Division.
Development in the development affairs sector of Magway Division


Urban development
- Urban roads mile 237/7 498/6 260/7
- Earth road mile 129/2 259/5 130/3
Urban water supply tasks
- Township where tasks to be carried outtown 25 21 21
Rural Development
- Rural roads mile 367/3 3494/0 3126/5
- Earth road mile 30/1 2685/6 2655/5
Rural bridge bridge - 500 500
Rural water supply tasks
- Village where tasks to be carried outvillage 1469 1428 1428

The government is also realizing the information sector for local people to enhance
their knowledge power. The sector has enlightened the people to a certain degree and
serves as a better bridge between the government and the people. The table shows the
progress of the mass media of the region.
Development in the Information and Public Relations sector of
Magway Division
- Information and Public Relations office - 27 27
Offices
-e-library library - - 5
5
-Sub-printing house (Magway) house - 1 1
Computer Network building of Magway Sub-printing House

The scenic beauty of Mandalay Palace Moat
University of Forestry
Pozzolan plant in
Popa

and development in Mandalay Division
As a gesture of honouring the Union Day, the day on which the Union of Myanmar
was conceived, the development of the seven divisions and seven states is being presented
to the national people living in the motherland.
A tribe that had been in existence for millions of years in the motherland diversified
into over 100 national races such as the Kachin, the Kayah, the Kayin, the Chin, the
Bamar, the Mon, the Rakhine, and the Shan. It is a national prestige to be proud of that
these national races have amalgamated into a people called “Myanmar” and evolved
throughout the consecutive periods of history.
The message sent by Head of State Senior General Than Shwe on the occasion of the
58th Anniversary Union Day read: “Drawing lessons from history, the State Peace and
Development Council laid down a national policy — non-disintegration of the Union,
non-disintegration of national solidarity, and perpetuation of sovereignty. In accord-
ance with this policy, strenuous efforts are being made to transform the country into
a peaceful, modern and developed nation and to ensure that the country exists as
long as the world does. In line with the seven-point Road Map that will pave the way
for the establishment of a peaceful, modern, developed, discipline-flourishing demo-
cratic nation as desired by the entire people, the National Convention, which is the
most vital and the very first phase of the Road Map, has been in progress.
“At the same time, the government and people in tandem have committed them-
selves unswervingly to the successful implementation of the State’s economic objec-
tives aimed at enabling the Union of Myanmar to keep pace with the world nations
in terms of modernization.”
The concerted efforts between the Tatmadaw and the people have resulted in astonishing
development in all sectors of all regions. Plans are under way to enable the country to stand
on its own feet after contemplating the possible future challenges. A thorough thought will
provide vivid pictures. To enable the people to take enjoyment from such pictures of
development, the author here presented the development trends of Mandalay Division on
its march to a golden land of unity and amity.
The scenic beauty of Mandalay Palace Moat
Mandalay Division
Mandalay Division is situated in central Myanmar. In the south lie Bago Division and
Kayin State; and in the west, Sagaing and Magway Division. The division is 14,294
square miles wide. National races such as Bamar, Shan, Danu, Lisu, Palaung, Kayin and
Chin live in the Union as small Unions. It is an area of dense population and has a
population of 7910093. The population density is 541 per square mile. In the east there
are mountain ranges whose heights are over 6,000 feet. In the south west is Bago Yoma.
In the north of the Bago Yoma is Mt Popa, which is 4,981 feet high. In the west, there
is Ayeyawady Plain, in the east, Mandalay-Kyaukse plain and in the south Sittoung plain.
The Chindwin River joins the Ayeyawady River near Myingyan.
The Dokhtawady River or Myitnge River and its tributary, Panlaung River, join the
Ayeyawady River near Innwa.
Agriculture
As the division is in the arid zone, ancient Myanmar kings built many dams and creeks for
supply of water. Cultivation was made through irrigation in Kyaukse and its environs. The region
was renowned as the granary of Myanmar in those days. The cultivation acreage of the whole
country was only half a million acres during the annexation of Myanmar by the imperialists.
After over a hundred years, Mandalay Division was a region where rice was insufficient and
cultivation of other crops also decreased. There was no cultivation with no rain and no dams.
The Tatmadaw government is fulfilling the requirements of the people. The Tatmadaw born
of the people never forgets the people’s lives and difficulties of every region. Therefore, after
taking up the State duties, it is fulfilling the requirements of the people. At the opening of North
Pinle Dam on 13 April 1996, Senior General Than Shwe said that he was born and brought
up in those areas. He had realized the hardships of the farmers in the areas since childhood.
They needed no gold but water. If water was available in the areas, it means they possessed
gold. That is why water availability and regional development tasks are being implemented after
the government had taken up State duties. He spoke of the need to work harder.
Malenattaung Reservoir in Singu Township, PyinOoLwin District

There are 48 dams in the division in 18 years. Hsinthe and Kintha dams were built
in Tatkon, Thaphangyoung,Hsindewa, Welaung and Kyauktalone dams in Taungtha,
Samon and Thettaw dams in Thazi and Chaungkauk dam in Pyawbwe. Sitha, Hsinlan
and Dokwin were built in Pyin OoLwin, Soonlun, South Pinle and North Pinle in
Myingyan, Kinta in Kyaukse and Chaung- magyi dam in Pyinmana, Lebyu in Yamethin,
Thebyu in Lewe, Myakan in Nyaung U, Thapbyeyo in Wundwin, Zidaw in Nahtogyi,
Thittetkon in Myittha, Thinbon, kwintha and Ponmakyi in Mahlaing, Myotha, Natthadaw
and Phaung- kataw in Ngazun, Yanaungmyin in Lewe and Chaungmanet in TadaOo.
Seventy Five river water-pumping projects were implemented to irrigate the farmlands
of the division. To ensure the greening of the division, regional development and regional
self-sufficiency of food, five river-water pumping projects are being implemented and
plans are under way to carry out five others. In addition, more dams and reservoirs will
be built to improve the living standard of farmers in Mandalay Division.
Eight dams have been constructed in the division — the Paunglaung in Pyinmana township
benefiting 35,000 acres of farmland, the Madan and the Chaungmange in Leway township
benefiting 8,000 acres each, the Sedawgyi Ye Ku in Mataya benefiting 127,000 acres,
the Marlenattaung in Sinku benefiting 8,000 acres and the Ngathayauk in NaungU
benefiting 2,000 acres. Moreover, Kani Dam and Shanmange Dam are under construction.
Thanks to the efforts of the people alongside the assistance of the State, Mandalay
Division has hugely boosted the cultivation of crops and paddy, helping improve the
economy of the State.
Development in the agriculture sector of Mandalay Division
Land
cultivable land
Water supply task
Development in the agriculture sector of Mandalay Division


Artesian wells - 1400 1400
in thousand
- Regional rice sufficiency percent percent 36 86 50
-Sugarcane acreage acre 38293 61254 22961
Progress in maize acreage acre 37813 42132 4319
Progress in rubber acreage acre - 203 203
Tea leave acreage acre 2050 7073 5023
Pepper acreage acre - 279 279
Acreage of coffee acre 2514 16729 14215
- Groundnut acre 328262 3455606 17244
- Sesame acre 931200 1099577 168277
- Sunflower acre 86461 320816 234355
- Niger acre 6978 9853 2875
Physic nut acre 1842 511210 509368

The ancestors made a suggestion that the people grow plantations of kitchen crops in the
back of the homes to ensure sufficiency of food.
The government has taken measures for extended cultivation of crops and livestock breeding
in Mandalay Division. The table shows progress of the region’s livestock breeding sector. The
honey production has increased by 414520 pounds, compared with that of 1988.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Mandalay Division

- Buffalo Head 122009 122721 712
- Cattle Head 1528927 2082215 553288
- Sheep/goat Head 550602 889694 339092
- Pig Head 331486 559227 227741
- Chicken Head 3162453 11338707 8176254
- Duck Head 177826 323950 146124
- Turkey, goose, muscovy duck Head 44824 51021 6197
- Quail Head - 67480 67480
Honey Production
- Bee-hives Num 1116 9115 7999
-Pollination Service acre 32754 99300 66546

Forest Conservation
Nearly 19 millions of people live in Mandalay, Sagaing and Magway Divisions, accounting
for one-third of the nation’s population.
These regions’ dense population is detrimental to environmental conservation, causing an
undesirable impact on regional climate. These had suffered adverse effects on the agricultural
works for more than 100 years. If the situation remains unchanged for next 50 years, some
deserts will appear on the map of Myanmar. Therefore, the government had to construct many
irrigation facilities and plant trees to form forests in the regions. It has also realized the special
regions greening project in the Central Myanmar. The table shows progress of the project.
Development in the forestry sector of Mandalay Division

Reserved forest sq/mile 3866 3843.97 (-) 22.03
Environmental Conservation forest sq/mile 128.98 187.52 58.54
- Thitseint plantations acre - 1500 1500
(in Million)
Institute of forestry Institute - 1 1
Training School school 1 2 1

Development in the forestry sector of Mandalay Division

Setting up plantations acre - 86062 86062

- firewood plantation acre - 38760 38760
- watershed plantation acre - 32160 32160
- mountain range plantation acre - 4515 4515
- other plantations acre - 7855 7855
- research plantation acre - 152 152
Natural forest conservation acre - 29800 29800
Fuel-substitute wood
- stove stove - 99884 99884
- briquette briquette - 23495773 23495773
- agricultural waste ton - 29752 29752
Water supply
- pond pond - 403 403
- silt-prevented dams - 586 586
- underground water - 26 26
Bago Greening Work acre
- plantations acre - 8305 8305
- fire wood plantation acre - 1425 1425
- Other plantation acre - 320 320
University of Forestry
The greening scene of Shwethahlyaung Mountain in Kyaukse Township

Road and Transport

Superficially, Mandalay seemed to be a region enjoying smooth transport because of roads
linking one city and another. But, it still has many requirements and needs if compared to the
tasks to be carried out for cementing relations and friendship among the national races
in the region, national and regional development.
With a lofty aim to ensure smooth transport of the entire nation and emergence of a modern
and developed nation, the government is making unremitting endeavours to construct Union
Highways, district-to-district roads, town-to-town roads, village-to-village roads alongside roads
in border areas in collaboration with respective departments and organizations.
It has upgraded Mandalay-Tagaung-Bhamo-Myitkyina Road, Magway-Namauk-Pyaw-bye
Road, Twinnge-Momeik Road, Mandalay-Mogok-SiU-Bhamo Road, Mandalay-PyinOoLwin-
Wetwun-Nawnghkio Road, Mandalay-Sagaing-Monywa Road, Mandalay-Meiktila Road,
and Magway-Taungdwingyi-Kyaukpadaung-Meiktila Road. Altogether seven large bridges have
emerged in the region — two 210-foot-long bridges across Zawgyi River on Yangon-Mandalay
Highway in Kyaukse Township, 700-foot-long Dokhtawady Bridge across Dokhtawady River
Tada Oo International Airport in Mandalay Division

on the road leading to Mandalay-TadaU International Airport, 300-foot Panlaung Bridge

spanning Panlaung Creek, 300-foot Samonpauk Bridge spanning Samonpauk Creek on
Myingyan-Yaywun road section in Myittha Township, 360-foot-long Ta-ngar Bridge
spanning Chaungmagyi Creek and 840- foot- long Myintnge Bridge spanning Myintnge
River on Mandalay-Mogok road section in Madaya Township.
The six bridge projects are under way and on completion, each bridge will be more than 180
feet long. Before long, there will emerge four more bridges — Panlaung and Pincha bridges in
Singaing Township, Paunglaung Bridge in Pyinmana, and KyaukO and Ayeyewady Bridge in
Mogok Township. Besides, there also emerged the 5,604 feet long Yadanabon Bridge across
Ayeyawady River near Inwa Bridge (3,960 feet) in Amarapura Township.
The British colonialists annexed the nation and exploited Myanmar for nearly 124 years, but
they built only one bridge across the 1,000-mile-long Ayeyawady River. They never took into
account the progress of the regions on the west bank of the Ayeyawady River as well as the
border areas and far-flung areas. In contrast, the Tatmadaw Government has constructed seven
Ayeyawady River crossing bridges in 19 years.
Opening ceremony of Yangon-Mandalay railroad (Pyinmana-Myohaung section)

They practised the divide-and-rule policy and drove a wedge between the hilly regions
and the plains, and exploited natural resources of the nation. But, the government has built
a network of roads and bridges to enhance amicable relations among the national races.
The table shows progress of the region’s transport sector.
Development in the transportation sector of Mandalay Division


Railways
- Route Mile mile 459.83 616.61 156.78
- Track Mile mile 623.11 960.92 337.81
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 498.5 705.8 207.3
- Goods/mile mile 88718.8 164218.8 75500.0
Airways
-Airfield field 5 7 2
- under 5000 ft runway airfield field 1 - Upgrading
Bridge
- Public Works
- completed bridge * bridge 18 27 9
- bridge under construction ** bridge - 4 4
* 180 feet and above bridges completed

1. Dokhtawady Bridge (Tada U)
2. Ta-ngar Bridge (Madaya)
3. Myitnge Bridge (Singaing)

**Bridges under construction
1. Ayeyawady Bridge (Yadanabon)
(Amarapura)
2. Letpanhla Bridge (Singu)
3. Pincha Bridge (Singaing)
4. Kyauk O Bridge (Mogok)
Communications
The government has also upgraded the communication sector of the region in proportion with
its population and trade. The table indicates progress of the region’s communication sector.
General Post Office in Nay Pyi Taw

Development in the communication sector of Mandalay Division


Facsimile 1 587 586
Telephone Service
- manual exchange exchange 22 18 (-)4
- direct line line - 98904 98904
- DECT phone - 1448 1448
- D-AMPS phone - 4383 4383
- GSM phone phone - 33419 33419
Electric power
The government is making all-out efforts to boost generating of electricity for the
people. Now, it is implementing hydropower projects simultaneously.
One of the projects is Ye Ywa Hydropower Project, 31 miles south-east of Mandalay.
In the time of the Tatmadaw Government, there have emerged Sedawgyi hydropower plant (25
Development in the electric power sector of Mandalay Division

- Large Scale( above 10 megawatt) plant 1 3 2
- Small ( up to 1 megawatt) plant - 1 1
-Projects under construction** plant - 3 3
- Project to be constructed*** plant - 1 1
Other power plants
(Megapower
supply extention)
- Private plant plant 83 8728 8645
*Completed hydel power plants

1. Kinta 56 megawatt (Large scale) (1988)
2. Hsedawgyi 25 megawatt (Large) (after1988)
3. Paunglaung 280 megawatt (Large) (after1988)
4. Mogok 4 megawatt (medium)(after1988)
5. Wetwun 0.45 Megawatt (Small) (after1988)
**Projects under construction
1. Yeywa 790 megawatt (Large scale)
2. Ahtet Paunglaung 140 megawatt (Large scale)
3. Nancho 40 magawatt (Large scale)
*** Project to be constructed
1. Upper Hsedawgyi 60.00 megawatt (Large scale)
megawatts), Paunglaung hydropower plant ( 280 megawatts) and Mogok hydropower

plant (4 megawatts) in Mandalay Division, increasing the current installed power to 476.3
megawatts, up from 59.1 megawatts in 1988.
On completion, Ye Ywa Hydropower Plant will be able to generate 790 megawatts.
It is also implementing Ahtet Paunglaung Hydropower Project and on completion, it will
be able to generate 140 megawatts.
In his inspection tour of Ye Ywa Hydropower Project on 18 December 2004, Senior
General Than Shwe gave guidance to the officials, saying that it is necessary to complete
the project as soon as possible to be able to meet the electricity demand of the State.
Measures are to be taken in accord with the set standard.
And serious attention is to be paid to the project as it is a huge one.
In 1988, the electricity consumption of Mandalay Division was 183.59 million units.
Now, the region can consume 797 million units. Upon completion of Ye Ywa and
Paunglaung hydropower projects, the region’s electricity generation will increase four times.
Therefore, the local people will be able to enjoy better economic and living standards.
The table reflects progress of the electric power sector of Mandalay Division.
Industry
Boosting consumption of more electricity is helping promote the region’s industrial
sector along with the socio-economic life of local people.
Development in the industrial sector of Mandalay Division

- Industrial zones zones - 3 3
- Industries plant - 1817 1817
- State-owned industry plant 91 128 37
Pozzolan Plant in Popa, Mandalay Division
So far, the government has established Mandalay, Myingyan and Meiktila indus-
trial zones in the division.
During his inspection tour of Yenangyoung Industrial Zone on 22 December 2004,
Head of State Senior General Than Shwe gave guidance, saying that the establishment
of the industrial zones is to ensure the development of import-substitute industries
in the country, production of quality products with the use of modern equipment,
creation of job opportunities and use local-made products easily at reasonable prices.
In the initial period, the industrial zones were on the level only a bit better
than blacksmith’s forges. With the encouragement and assistance of the government
and endeavours of the industrialists, significant achievements have been made in
the zones.
He pledged that the government would constantly provide necessary assist-
ance for the development of the zones and their industries.
While encouragement is given to respective industrialists for the development of their
enterprises, emphasis is to be put on steps not to inflict harm to the interests of the nation and
the people. Now, the Industrial Development Committee has been formed to constantly fulfil
the requirements of the industrial zones.
Myanmar Pharmaceutical Industry in Pyin Oo Lwin
The increasing number of private-run factories in Mandalay Division is heartening.

There were only 4,485 factories in 1988, and now there are 7841 factories.
It has got 1,662 cottage industries so far. The table represents progress of the region’s
industrial development.
Myanmar Pharmaceutical Industry (Inyaung)

Mining and Minerals

It is Mandalay Division that has a land of precious stones, namely Mogok. Nowadays,
the division can accelerate the momentum of gems and mineral exploration because of the
State’s assistance.
Up to now, 262 gem mining blocks have been extended and 3,882000 carats of
various kinds of gems mined. There are 144 gold mines now, compared with only two in
1988, and they produced 1361 troy ounces of rough gold in 2007.
Marble, antimony, sodium carbonate oxide, lime stone and other kinds of mineral are
also being mined.
Education
Nowadays, Mandalay Division has become a shining star in its education sector. On
account of the efforts to ensure the balanced development of the whole country, Mandalay City
of the Upper Myanmar now can be called a city of universities. Ministry of Education has
opened Mandalay University of Foreign Languages, Mandalay University of Distance Educa-
tion, Yadanabon University, Meikhtila University, Miekhtila University of Economics and Kyaukse
University in the division compared to the one in the past, Mandalay University.
The number of people, pursuing higher education now has increased to over 0.1 million
from only over 20000 in the past.
There are 4473 basic education schools where more than 1 million students are learn-
ing. School enrolment rate of kindergarten has come to full percentage. The following table
shows the educational index of Mandalay Division.
Development in the education sector of Mandalay Division

Development in the education sector of Mandalay Division


549
- Primary school
- Multi-media classroom
school
room
3413
-
3254
205 } 205
- Preprimary school
Teacher Training Education
Wastage
- Institute institute 1 2 1
- Arts and Science University university 1 5 4
- Degree College college - 1 1
- College 1 - upgraded
- e-learning centre - 12 12
- Number of WAN sites sites - 14 14
Number of teacher techer 1115 2173 1058
Centre
No.5 Basic Education High School (Nay Pyi Taw)

Mandalay Technological University and Computer University have been established in
Upper Myanmar to link technological colleges and computer colleges opened in every state and
division. Besides, Myanmar Aerospace Engineering University has been opened in Meikhtila
with a view to producing space scientists. The development of the sinence and technology is
shown in the table.
Development in the science and technology sector of Mandalay Division

- Mandalay Technological University university - 1 1
- Myanmar Aerospace Engineering University university - 1 1
- Number of Courses course - 5 5


- Techonological University (Mandalay) university - 1 1
- Number of Courses course 5 11 6
- Technological University (Meiktila) university - 1 1
- Technological University (Kyaukse) university - 1 1
- Number of Student (graduate) student 63 25259 25196
- Number of Student (current) student 3593 6726 3133
- Mandalay Computer University university - 1 1
- Computer University (Mandalay) university - 1 1
- Number of courses courses - 7 7
- Computer University (Meiktila) university - 1 1
- Government Technological College/ Institute / Schools - 7 7
- Government Technological College (Myingyan) college - 1 1
- Government Technical Institute (Kyaukpadaung) institute - 1 1
- Government Technical Institute (Yemethin) institute - 5 5


- Government technical Institute (Pyin Oo Lwin) institute - 1 1
- Technical Training school (Madalay) school - 1 1
- Technical Training school (Kyaukse) school - 1 1
- Technical Training school (Meiktila) school - 1 1
Health
The goverment now is serving the interests of the people according to the policies on
education and health in border and rural areas.
It is planning to establish cities of coffee, industry, education, business and health under
the 24 special region development projects.
In Mandalay Division, station hospitals and hospitals were opened and Mandalay city
will become a health centre of Upper Myanmar.
There are six health and medical universities, seven specialist hospitals and two teaching
hospitals. Health development of the division is shown in the table.
Kyaukse General Hospital in Mandalay Division

Development in the health sector of Mandalay Division


- Special hospital Hospital 3 7 4
- Teaching and General Hospital Hospital 1 2 1
- 300 -Bedded Hospital Hospital - 2 2
- 200- Bedded Hospital Hospital - 3 3
- 100- Bedded Hospital Hospital 5 4 upgrading
- 50- Bedded Hospital Hospital 4 5 1
- 25- Bedded Hospitald Hospital 3 9 6
- 16- Bedded Hospital Hospital 14 8 upgrading
- Local Health Centre Centre 13 16 3
- Nurse Person 468 2218 1750
- Traditional Medicine Hospital (50Bed)Hospital - 1 1
Development in the health sector of Mandalay Division

- Traditional Medicine Science Science 1 1 -
- Number of teacher 10 28 18
- Number of student 375 1922 1547
- Nursing Training School School 1 2 1
Universities University 1 6 5
- University of Medicine University 1 1 -
- University of Dental Medicine University - 1 1
- University of Nursing University - 1 1
- University of Pharmacy University - 1 1
- University of Medical Techonlogy University - 1 1
- University of Traditional Medicine University - 1 1
- Number of Teacher Person 149 852 703
- Number of Student Person 840 7483 6643
* Health care provides under the Department of Health only
Dental Institute in Mandalay

General Hospital in Nay Pyi Taw
Union and Human Resource Development

The governemnt is making efforts for increasing number of intellectuals and intelligentsia
in education, health and science and technology sectors. In Mandalay Division, a Nationalities
Youth Resource Development Degree College was constructed.
The University of Culture, Institute of Forestry, Institute of Agriculture, Institute of
Veterinary Science, Cooperative College and Lacquerware College produce technicians who
will serve the interests of the Union and national races.
Human resource development sector of Mandalay Division

- Central Institute of Public Services institute - 1 1
- Medical Institute for Livestock
Breeding institute 1 1 -
- Cultural Institute institute - 1 1
- Institute of Forestry institute - 1 1
- University of Agriculture university 1 1 -
- NYRD Degree College college - 1 1
- Cooperative College college - 1 1
- Lacquerware College college - 1 1
- Forestry School school 1 2 1
- Agricultural Institute institute 2 2 -

Under the Tamadaw government urban and rural areas in the division have developed.
There are 788 miles and three furlongs of roads including 322 miles and five furlongs of
bituminous roads. Water supply projects were undertaken in 14 townships out of 23.
There were only 692 miles and six furlongs of rural roads. As rural roads link with urban
ones, there are now over 3,495 miles of rural road. Altogether 6,218 rural water supply
projects have been carried out in the division.
Development in the development affairs sector of Mandalay Division


Urban development
- Urban roads mile 303/4 788/3 484/7
- Earth road mile 28/4 305/3 276/7
- Conduit pipe pipe - 75 75
- Other - 141 141
- Township where tasks to be carried out town 23 14 14
Rural Development
- Rural roads mile 692/6 3495/1 2802/3
- Earth road mile 276/0 2247/3 1971/3
Development in the development affairs sector of Mandalay Division


- Conduit pipe pipe - 400 400
- Other - 35 35
- Villages where tasks to be carried out village 4119 4109 4109

There is no more armed conflict in the Union of Myanmar now. Peace and tranquillity
has been restored in border and rural areas. Political, economic and social developments have
also been achieved.
National races can now witness regional development and significant changes through
TV, radio, newspapers and other publications.
If the people are prosperous, it is said the nation is prosperous. If all the regions
develop, the Union will develop. The information sector informs the people about the
government’s efforts for national interest. The table shows the data.
Like other states and divisions, Mandalay Division is marching towards the united
golden land.
Development in the Information and Public Relations

sector of Mandalay Division
- Information and Public Relations office - 34 34
Offices
- Sub-printing house house - 1 1
Shwedagon Pagoda in night scene
International Express Postal Service Shwepyitha Industrial Zone


and development in Yangon Division
It is said that everybody writes his or her own history. The history of Myanmar is that
of the entire national people as well as that of each Myanmar national. Each and every citizen
should conduct a thorough review of his or her past and present evidences and envisage
possible consequences of their deeds. In doing so, the people come to realize the historic
evidences and major requirements of the nation.
It has been known to the entire national people that in the present period the ultimate
goal of the Union of Myanmar is nothing but the building of a peaceful, modern and developed
nation. In this regard, the people are playing respective roles in the nation-building tasks by
doing their bit. It is sure that these endeavours will serve the interests of the nation and the
people in future. So the entire people should put on record and study the nation’s present
historic evidences.
Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Commander-in-Chief of De-
fence Services Senior General Than Shwe delivered a speech at the graduation parade of the
47th Intake of the Defence Service Academy on 17 December 2004. The Senior General in
his speech, said, ‘‘Patriotism is the most decisive factor for you comrades to selflessly
shoulder the responsibilities entrusted to you by the State. You must deeply love your
race and your nation based upon the knowledge of the nation’s history and tradi-
tions. Our cherished nation is made up of river basins, low plains, high mountain
ranges and high plateau, rivers beginning and ending with our land, rich alluvial soil,
precious gems and abundance of natural resources, naturally advantageous seacoasts
and a temperate climate. Since time immemorial, our ancestors have cleared the land
by the sweat of their brow and worked and lived on our motherland.
“The nationalities which had descended from the same ancestors have lived
together through weal and woe in this country. For thousands of years all our
nationals have lived together as equal citizens from the moment of their birth. Our
race has a long tradition and throughout history it has shown great courage. You
comrades are the inheritors of history. You must cherish your mother country and
people who possess great tradition and the love for your nation must be ardent. You
must maintain loyalty to the State citizens. This is the spirit of the patriotic Tatmadaw”.
Present generation of Myanmars have inherited fine traditions of ancestors, and the
future generations will have to inherit the fine traditions of the present generation. Now, the
State, the people and the Tatmadaw are inheriting the fine traditions and handing down them
to new generation youths, while marching to the golden land of unity and amity. I would like
to present progress of Yangon Division as a living proof of the combined efforts.
The night scene of Yangon
Yangon Division
Yangon Division is situated in the southernmost part of the central plain of Myanmar.
In the north and in the east of Yangon Division lies Bago Division; in the south, Mottama Gulf;
and in the west, Ayeyawady Division. With a total area of 3,927 square miles, Yangon Division
is like a mini-union where Bamar and other national races have been living in unity. Its
population is 6600054 and its population density is 1681 people per square mile.
Bago Yoma mountain range stretches from north to south in Yangon Division, and so
there are small laterite hills in Thanlyin, Twantay and Kungyangon townships. Passing through
the eastern part of Yangon Division, Bago River empties into the Yangon River. Ngamoeyeik
Creek in the central part of Yangon Division flows from north to south into the Bago River. In
the western part, Bawle River and Panhlaing River meet Hline River into Yangon River. According
to its geographical features, Yangon Division is designated as a delta. Yangon City lies at the
confluence of Yangon River and Bago River, 21 miles from the Sea.
Agriculture
Yangon Division is surrounded by fertile rural regions. In the past, the region could not
cultivate crops at its full capacity because there were no large dams in the region.
So, the government had to fulfil the region’s needs of food sufficiency, extended cul-
tivation of beans and pulses, and growing of industrial crops and perennial crops. The govern-
ment has constructed 17 dams in 19 years. Taunglonmyaung Dam was built in 1993 and
Ngamoeyeik Dam in 1995 in Hlegu Township. Ngamoeyeik Dam benefits 70,000 acres of
farmland. The government also built Tabuhla Dam that benefits 52,000 acres in Taikkyi Town-
ship, Zamani-in Dam that benefits 1,000 acres in Thanlyin, and Zeebyugon Sluice Gate that
benefits 7,500 acres in Twantay Township. Again in 2000, the government completed Kungyangon
Sluice Gate Project that benefits 21,400 acres in Kungyangon Township and Moemakha Sluice
Gate Project that benefits 40,000 acres in Twantay. It also constructed Lagunbyin Dam (22,000
acres) in 2001, Kalihtaw Dam (9,000 acres) in 2003, and Mahuya and Paunglin Dams in 2004
in Hlegu Township.
After 1988, the living standard of Yangonites became higher and its population was on
the increase. Therefore, the government established more new towns and villages. However, the
government managed to speed up the agricultural work in the division, so the multiple-cropping
area doubled.
It has constructed 18 water pumping stations in the region so as to extend multiple
cropping. Four more water pumping stations are under way, and 5 more projects will be
launched soon. It has also constructed Kayan Sluice Gate that contributes towards 30,000
acres in Thanlyin Township, and Thongwa Sluice Gate that irrigates 29,000 acres.
Tatmadaw members and respective departments are lending themselves to the Yangon
City 30-mile Radius Greening Project to fulfil the requirement of kitchen crops and other crops
of Yangon Division. The table shows the progress of the region’s agricultural sector.
Development in the agriculture sector of Yangon Division


Land
- Task completed - 17 17
- Task under implementation - - 2 2
- Benefited acres - 274395 274395
- Task completed - 18 18
- Task under implementation - 4 4
- Task to be carried out - 5 5
- Benefited acres - 34755 34755
- Damming Creek - 118 118
- Benefited area - 28706 28706
- Artesian wells - 563 563
- Benefited area - 4031 4031
- Total benefited area - 341887 341887
Cultivation of double crop acre 124970 730179 605209
thousand 69813 77268 7455
Progress in Maize acreage acre 330 614 284
Progress in rubber acreage acre 4040 34962 30922
Oil Palm acre - 85 85
- Physic nut acre - 84150 84150
Newly constructed dams (5) Zamani

(1). NgaMoeYeik (6) LaGunByin
(2) TaBuHla (7) KaLiHtaw
(3) TaungLonMyaung (8) Paunglaung
(4) BantBweGon (9) MaHuYar
Newly constructed sluice gates

(1).Kayan 30,000 arces (Thanlyin)
(2) Thongwa 29,000 acres (Thongwa)

Now, Yangon Division is extending the breeding of fish and prawn to provide sufficient
fish and prawn for the local people. In 1988, there were 928 acres of fish breeding ponds, but
now there are 59,870 acres of fish breeding ponds. There was no shrip farming in the past but
nowadays, 11329 acres of land have been operational under shrip farming.The table indicates
the progress of its livestock and fishery sector. Honey production has increased by nearly
10000 pounds, compared with that of 1988.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Yangon Division

- Buffalo head 138363 131207 (-)7156
- Cattle head 492184 557299 65115
- Sheep/goat head 32421 74026 41605
- Pig head 276012 605326 329314
- Chicken head 4157277 19823761 15666484
- Duck head 1597249 2166205 568956
- Quail head - 194973 194973
- Prawn breeding acre - 11329 11329
- Honey Production
- Bee-hives Num 100 902 802
- Polination serve acre 2993 7740 4747
Forest Conservation
The government is growing trees and forming forests for greening of the Central Myanmar
including Mt Popa. At the same time, it is taking measures for greening of the entire Yangon
Division.
Development in the forestry sector of Yangon Division

Reserved forest sq/mile 468 427.78 (-) 40.22
Natural forests sq/mile 2.41 2.41 -
- Industrial plantation acre - 500 500
(in Million)
Training School School - 1 1
Transport
Yangon Division enjoyed smooth transport to an extent in the past. There are local and
international sea and air freights and trains and bus terminals in the division.
But, people have to rely on ferry services in the region as it is teeming with many rivers
and creeks. Thanlyin Bridge is one and only facility that links Yangon East and West. Transport
had been poor for a long time in the region.
The government has built Hline River Crossing Bridge and Aungzeya Bridge and a new
road to directly links the region with Ayeyawady Division. It has also built many roads that lead
to Yangon-Mandalay Highway. There have emerged town-to-town roads and village-to-village
roads such as Kaddapana-Khanaung-Zwebar-gondan-Kwani-Kamar-kalok road.
A total of 37 bridges, each of which is more than 180 feet long, including seven
large bridges have emerged in the division. Maha Bandoola Bridge (Pazundaung),
Ngamoeyeik Bridge (Thingangyun), Hline River crossing bridge (Shwepyitha), Hline
River crossing bridge (Myochaung), Bawle River crossing bridge (Yebawthoung) and
Aungzeya Bridge (Insein) have contributed towards better transport of the region. On
completion of the Three bridge projects, local people can travel by car to all parts of the
country. The table indicates progress of the region’s transport sector.
Shwepyitha Bridge spanning Hlaing River

Bayintnaung Bridge
Yangon International Airport

Development in the transportation sector of Yangon Division


Railway
- Route Mile mile 109.25 157.57 48.32
- Track Mile mile 195.45 252.56 57.11
- passenger 1X1000 22774.4 33124.0 10349.6
- passenger/mile mile 377433.5 876364.0 498930.5
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 326.6 408.0 81.4
- Goods/mile mile 59591.2 91554.5 31963.3
Airway
- under 5000 ft runway airfield field 1 - upgrading
Waterway
- Jetty (local transportation) Num 57 70 13
- Jetty (for vessel) Num 13 29 16
- earth road mile - 79/2 79/2
Construction of Bridge
- Public Work
- bridge under construction bridge - 1 1
Six major bridges

1. Aungzeya Bridge (Insein)
2. Maha Bandoola Bridge (Pazundaung)
3. Ngamoeyeik Bridge (Thingangyun)
4. Hlaing River Crossing Bridge (Shwepyitha)
5. Hlaing River Bidge (Myochaung)
6. BawLeBridge (Yebawthoung)
Communications
It is vividly visible that the entire nation has witnessed remarkable development
in numerous sectors. The government is taking steps for development of border areas and
rural regions and urban areas.
Now, it is putting into motion the border areas development project, the special
regions development project, the nine- district greening project, the 24 special regions
development project, and the five-task rural development project for national development.
The Table depicts progress the region is making in the communication sector.
International Express Postal Service

Development in the communication sector of Yangon Division


Telephone Service
number of line capacity line 34340 398426 364086
- direct line line 35357 354432 319075
- ARTS phone - 1963 1963
- DECT phone - 471 471
- D-AMPS telephone phone - 13161 13161
GSM telephone phone - 142271 142271
(MPT Satellite Terminal) Num - 424 424
- Overseas satellite ground station station 1 3 2
- Overseas satellite channel Num 26 543 517
- Submarine cable channel Num - 1248 1248
- Fibre cable linkage Num - 240 240
- Overseas telephone channel Num 26 2031 2005
Electric Power
Yangon Division consumed 545.077 million units of electricity in 1988. However,
the Tatmadaw government has been able to increase the amount nearly five times,
accounting for 2,475.560 million units.
The region’s population has increased by two million. The living standard of local
people has become higher to a certain degree. In the past, on average a household could use
an electric apparatus, and now a citizen can use close to the rate of an electric apparatus.
A careful analysis of increasing number of industrial zones and factories in the
region will reveal the electricity requirement that is interrelated with the nation’s im-
provement and changes for the better.
Now is the time when the government is making sustained endeavours for all-round
development of the nation. It has constructed irrigation facilities in the regions where water was
scarce for ensuring long-term benefits of the nation and the people. Simultaneously, it is constructing
Union Highways and bridges of various sizes and types across the nation. It has also built
universities, colleges, schools in addition to construction and upgrading of hospitals and health
care centres for raising the health standard of the people.
So far, almost all the infrastructures have been constructed. Now, the government
is seeking all possible ways and means for boosting generation of electricity. The table
represents progress of the electric power sector of Yangon Division.
Development in the electric power sector of Yangon Division
Power plants
- Steam engine plant* plant 1 -
- Combined cycle power plant** plant - 4 4
- Natural gas-powered plant*** plant 1 5 4
- Diesel-used plant plant 7 4 (-)3
(megapower
supply Extension)
*Steam engine plant completed ***Natural Gas-powered plant

1.Ywama 30.00 megawatt (large size) 1. Ywama 36.900 Megawatt (Large)
(1988) (1988)
**Combined cycle power plant completed 2. Thaketa 57.000 Megawatt (Large)
1. Thaketa 35.00 Megawatt (Large) 3. Ahlon 99.000 Megawatt (Large)
2. Ahlon 54.300 Megawatt (Large) 4. Hlawgar 99.000 Megawatt (Large)
3. Hlawgar 54.300 Megawatt (Large) 5. Ywama 23.000 Megawatt (Large)
4. Ywama 9.400 Megawatt (Large)
Industry
The goal “transforming the agro-based nation into an industrialized one” will come true
in the near future. The government has organized scattered factories into industrial zones.
It is giving encouragement to technical experts for the industrial development.
It is heartening to note that many requirements have been fulfilled for industrial devel-
opment of Yangon Division. It has established four industrial zones in the region — Yangon East
Industrial Zone, Yangon West Industrial Zone, Yangon South Industrial Zone, and Yangon
North Industrial Zone in the region. In each industrial zone are many small enterprises.
In Yangon East Industrial Zone are Nos 1, 2 and 3 South Dagon Industrial Zones,
Dagon Myothit (Seikkan) Township Industrial Zone, Yangon Industrial Zone,
Shwepaukkan Industrial Zone, North Okkalapa Industrial Zone, South Okkalapa Industrial
Zone and Thakayta Industrial Zone.
In Yangon West Industrial Zone, there are Mayangon, Hline, and Kamayut industrial
zones; in Yangon South Industrial Zone, Thanlyin, Kyauktan, and Kayan industrial zones; and
in Yangon North Industrial Zone, Hlinethaya, Shwepyitha and Mingaladon industrial zones.
Yangon East Industrial Zone, Yangon West Industrial Zone, Yangon South
Industrial Zone and Yangon North Industrial Zone are made up of 3,954 industries.
The region has 6088 private-run factories and 5204 cottage industries alongside
237 State-owned factories. The table compared the region’s project of the industrial
sector in 1988 and that at present.
Development in the industrial sector of Yangon Division

- Industrial Zone Num - 14 14
- Private industry industry 11511 6088 (-)5423
State-owned industry industry 194 237 43
Shwepyitha Industrial Zone

Dagon Myothit (Seikkan) Township Industrial Zone
Energy
There have emerged onshore oilfields in Yangon Division. The table shows
production of gas and oil of the oilfield.
Development in the energy sector of Yangon Division

Oilfield (Inland) field - 2 2
Length of Gas pipeline mile 32.60 282.32 249.72
Natural Gas Production Cubic ft - 1632.77 1632.77
Crude Oil Production Gallon 379.2 111.70 73.78
(millon)
Filling station station 49 57 8
CNG CNG 2 39 37
Plants plant 1 3 2
- Oil Refinery plant 1 1 -
- tar plant - 1 1
- Carbondioxide plant - 1 1
Natural gas field in Yangon
1. Aphyauk natural gas
2. Indine natural gas
Tar Plant (Thanlyin)
Education
Thanks to the education promotion plan, the youths both in the hilly regions and
in the plains have enjoyed better opportunities to pursue education. Regarding the basic
education sector, all school-aged children have enjoyed the opportunity to attend primary
school, and equality to continue to pursue middle and high school education.
The government has established 347 post-primary schools, and there are nearly
1 million basic education students in Yangon Division.
With respect to the higher education sector, a total of close to the number of 0.13
million students go to Yangon University, Yangon Institute of Economics, Yangon In
stitute of Education, Yangon University of Distance Education, Dagon University, Yangon
University of Foreign Languages, Yangon East University, Yangon West University,
National Management College, Yankin Education College, Hlegu Education College, and
Thingangyun Education Collage in Yangon Division.
Now, the Primary school enrolment rate of Yangon Division has risen to 99.72
per cent and the adult literacy rate, 98.73 per cent. The table shows the division’s
progress of the education sector.
Development in the education sector of Yangon Division


143
- Preprimary school
Teachers education
Wastage
- Institute * institute 6 3 handed over
oter Ministries
Development in the education sector of Yangon Division

- Art and Science University university 1 5 4

- Degree College college 1 1 -
Teaching programmes Num 76 356 280
HumanResourceDevelopmentCentre - 9 9
* Yangon Technical University, Yangon Computer University and Veterinary University are
handed over other concerned Ministries.

To the graduation parade of the 7th Intake of Defence Services Technological
Academy which was held in PyinOo Lwin, Head of State Senior General Than Shwe
gave guidance, saying that the Tatmadaw Government has laid down and implemented
the economic objective — Development of agriculture as the base and for all-round
development of other sectors of economy as well. Thanks to the collective efforts of the
Tatmadaw, the Government and the people, clusters of infrastructures have already been
built in all necessary places. More infrastructures will be built in the future, too. Because
of the energetic efforts to extend sown acreage, increase per acre yield, and introduce
new crops species, the nation now is enjoying surplus rice.
As the nation is able to produce enough food for the people, we will have to establish
an industrial nation for the prosperity of the national people. But the setting up of an industrialised
nation needs a large number of qualified human resources. Hence, the Government has established
24 development zones, the project covering the task to develop human resources simultaneously
in the entire nation. The rural development tasks are being attached to the project for
development of all regions of the nation. Now, all the nationalities have the opportunity
to get access to science and technological studies in their own regions.
In addition, the Government is giving priority to increased generation of electricity
for industrial development. In this situation, you will have to strive as the human resources
building a developed nation, while striving to further promote the science and technological
sectors of the Tatmadaw. As the saying, which goes, ‘The taller the person, the longer
his shade’, the task to build an industrial nation will be swifter and speedier, only if you
try to enhance your ability. These words of guidance are signs of good prospects for the
nation.
Now, concerted efforts are being made to produce qualified human resources to
build a modern, developed nation. The table shows the number of universities related to
science and technology built in Yangon Division.
Development in the science and technology sector of Yangon Division

Technological Universities university 1 4 3
- Yangon Technological University university 1 1 -
- Technological University (West Yangon) university - 1 1
- Number of Faculty members member 256 212 (-)44
- Techonological University (Hmawby) university - 1 1
- Techonological University (Thanlyin) university - 1 1
Development in the science and technology sector of Yangon Division

Computer Universities university 1 2 1
- Yangon Computer University university 1 1 -
- Computer University (Yangon) university - 1 1
Government Technical Institute /School Num - 4 4
- Government Technical Institute (Insein) Institute 1 1 -
- Number of Students (graduate) student 6741 10546 3805
- Technical Training School (Hlinethaya) school - 1 1
- Technical Training School (East Dagon) school - 1 1
- Technical Training School
(Laydauntkan) school - 1 1
Health
Nowadays, public health care services are being provided as a priority to give
medical treatment and take disease control measures. Hospitals (200-bed) have been built
in the 24 development regions. All hospitals have been upgraded into 200-bed ones
complete with all necessary facilities.
Hospitals in every township have also been upgraded. Public health care services
are being carried out by appointing specialists for 12 specialised subjects in all 200-bed
hospitals. The table shows the development of health sector of Yangon Division.
Development in the health sector of Yangon Division

Upgrading of Hospital Hospital 53 76 23
- Specialist hospital Hospital 9 11 2
- Teaching and General Hospital Hospital 3 3 -
- Maternal and Child Health Centre Centre 21 22 1
- Primary and Secondary Health Center Center 35 48 13
- Nurse Person 1652 3105 1453
- Traditional Medicine Hospital(50Bed) Hospital - 1 1
Development in the health sector of Yangon Division

- Nursing Training School School 2 3 1
Universities university 3 7 4
- University of Medicine University 2 2 -
- University of Dental Medicine University 1 1 -
- University of Nursing University - 1 1
- University of Pharmacy University - 1 1
- University of Medicial Technology University - 1 1
- University of Public Health University - 1 1
- Number of Teachers Teacher 442 1354 912
- Number of Students Student 2960 9271 6311
University of Dental Medicine

Institute of Pharmacy (Yangon)
Development of Human Resources and the Union
New generation youths are the ones responsible for accelerating the momentum
of building a modern, developed nation. They will have to shoulder their duties in the
interests of the nation and people. It is the duty of our entire national people to safeguard
our motherland. The State is producing human resources to serve the interests of the
Union throughout their life. The table shows the sector of development of human resources.
Human resource development sector of Yangon Division

Institute of Civil Service institute 1 1 -
Myanmar Maritime University university - 1 1
Cultural Institute institute - 1 1
National Management College institute - 1 1
NYRD Degree College college - 1 1
Cooperative Degree College college - 1 1
Cooperative College college - 2 2
Parahita (kyar) School school 1 1 -
Institute of Maritime institute 1 1 -
Development Affairs
The State and the people are making combined efforts for rural and urban
development. The people are now contributing to the supply of rural drinking water,
rural education sector and rural health sector by using their raised funds. The table shows
the development of rural regions in Yangon Division.
Development in the development affairs sector of Yangon Division

Urban development
Development in the development affairs sector of Yangon Division

Rural Development
- Rural roads mile 159/4 1039/2 879/6
- Earth road mile 40/7 581/4 540/5

The Tatmadaw Government is working hard side by side with the people to improve
the socio-economy of all the people of the country. It can be seen now that Myanmar engineers
are actively participating in the projects for construction of dams, power stations and bridges.
Similarly, all people including those from rural areas, pensioners, academics and
technicians are co-operating in the efforts for development of education and health sectors.
The table shows the number of facilities built in the division for the development
of mass media.

Yangon Division
-Daily * daily - 3 3
* Dalies
1. The Myanma Alin
2. The Kyemone
3. The New Light of Myanmar
Niko Hotel in Yangon

Ngwesaung Beach
Wakema Bridge Thabaung Pulp Factory

and development in Ayeyawady Division
There is a saying, which goes, “Time and tide waits for no man.” And another
proverb says, “No opportunity comes twice to cross a river”. The proverbs symbolize the
changing situation in this world.
Ayeyawady River is flowing quietly and constantly day and night till reaching its
destination, which is the sea.
The Ayeyawady rises in Kachin State in the north of Myanmar. It meets with Chindwin
River in Sagaing Division. It also merges with a number of rivers and creeks which originate
in the mountains of Chin and Rakhine states. The mighty river has many tributaries that rise in
the Shan and Kayah states in the east. It passes through Mandalay, Magway, Bago and
Ayeyawady divisions and drains into the sea into which other rivers and creeks flowing from
Yangon Division, Mon and Kayin states and Taninthayi Division also merge.
At the meeting No 2/2004 of the Central Committee for Development of Border
Areas and National Races held on 30 December 2004, Head of State Senior General
Than Shwe gave guidance, saying, “It is a common knowledge that the Central
Committee was founded with lofty aims. The Government has held negotiations
with the armed groups to come back to the legal fold, so that it will cooperate with
nationalities of border areas for national development, peace and stability.
“It has built mutual trust with the groups, while striving to develop the
border areas, to free the people of the areas from backwardness, and to improve
the social standard of the national races for flourishing of the consolidated Union.
“Thanks to the formation of the respective committees, with firm objectives,
the task is achieving success leading to promoting mutual understanding and amity
among the national people, and ensuring peace and stability in the border areas,
and laying down sound foundations for regional development. The Committee has laid
sound transport, health, education and economic foundations to raise the living
standard of the locals.
“The task for progress of border areas must be accelerated in the regions where
a development drive is needed, without losing sight of the project’s objective of
narrowing the gap between one region and another in the whole nation. Greater
efforts should be made to develop the health, education, transport and economic
sectors of the regions which lag behind in development to a certain degree. The
progress in border areas will help the development drive reach the whole nation
and further unify all the nationalities.
“Only if we can obtain constant progress phase by phase annually, will we
be able to develop the whole nation and bring the nationalities closer as a unified
strength.
“We will have to make harmonious efforts greater the following day than
today in launching the border areas development drive for the nation’s long-term
interest, and further cementing the national solidarity.”
The Tatmadaw Government is in the process of building the consolidated Union,
and a peaceful, modern and developed nation without fail.
“There will be greater development tomorrow, and the development must con-
tinue throughout the future generations. The development drive must reach all the regions
of the Union. There must be solidarity among the nationalities.” And with those convic-
tions, the Government has been striving to develop the entire nation including the
Ayeyawady Division. Now, the developments of the division will be presented.
Ayeyawady Division
Ayeyawady Division is located in the south-western part of the central plains of
Myanmar. The 13,567 square-mile division is sharing a common land border with Bago
Division in the east and north, Yangon Division in the east, and Rakhine State in the
north-east and touching the Bay of Bengal in the west and Andaman Sea in the south.
The majority of its people are Bamar, Kayin and Rakhine races. Its population is 7737118
and its population density is 570 persons per square mile.
On the west stretch the Rakhine Yoma ranges forming a thin coastal strip of land
facing the sea. As the division is a delta, its land surface is flat and criss-crossed by
numerous rivers and creeks. It has also a number of lakes. Of the rivers branching out
from the mighty Ayeyawady, Ngawun, Pathein and Toe are famous.
Agriculture
As it is a delta region and its soil is fertile, Ayeyawady Division is a reliable
region for the nation in terms of economy. Production volume of its agricultural and fish
and meat industries is large. The division is renowned as the rice bowl of Myanmar. But
in the past successive eras, the division had not achieved progress as much as it deserved.
During his visit to the division on 14 November 2004, Head of State Senior
General Than Shwe said, “Human society never stops advancing at a place. We must
always make efforts for its development. As the nation’s population is growing annually,
it will have 100 million people in the next 30 years or so. From now on, we must
systematically extend sown acreage and raise the per acre yield to ensure sufficient food
for the growing population in the future.
“We will never let our new generations face anxiety rising from food
insufficiency when we are no more. Thus, we will have to do what we should do for
the future generations.
“In addition to the agricultural and fish and meat sectors, we will also strive
to develop the industrial sector of the division. The division has bright prospects to
further develop the agro-based industries, wood-based industries, and aqua-based
industries.
“As the Government has used a large amount of financial power to build
roads and bridges in the division, it can now facilitate its transport and is achieving
sustainable development. As the government on its part has already rendered nec-
essary assistance for Ayeyawady Division, it should develop itself more by effectively
utilizing the rich land, water and forest resources. The division has an adequate
number of human resources that can add value to the natural resources. What the
division needs is innovative efforts.”
If Ayeyawady Division serves the nation only as a rice bowl, the nation will not
advance. It should strive to increase its production volume many times. Only then will
the local people enjoy prosperity and progress. The Government has added value to the
natural resources of the division.
Ma Mya Dam and sluice gate in Myanaung Township
The Government has reclaimed wet lands and inundated areas, and built dams for
irrigation and sluice gates to store water the whole year.
It has built Panhlaing and Mezali sluice gates, each with 20,000-acre irrigation
capacity, in Nyaungdon Township, Nankathu Dam, with 14,000-acre irrigation capacity,
in Ingapu Township, Wadaw and Htani sluice gates, each with 15,000-acre irrigation
capacity, in Maubin Township. A total of 24 waterworks have been built in the division
to irrigate crops with river water.
Thanks to the assistance of the Government, Ayeyawady Division has increased over
by 5489838 acres of new cultivation fields. The division can now grow 3.7 million acres of
monsoon paddy and 0.5 million acres of summer paddy. The sown acreage of the division is
31 per cent of the total sown acreage of the nation. The division produces 264 million baskets
of paddy annually. The 20,000-acres irrigation capacity Kunchaung Dam in Kyangin Township,
the 10,000 acre irrigation capacity Mamya Dam in Myanaung Township, and the 25,000-acre
irrigation capacity Kanyin Dam in Ingapu Township are under construction at present. Thus, the
division’s annual paddy output will reach 400 million baskets in the near future. Hence,
it is going to contribute one-third of the 1,200 million baskets, the nation’s target.
The table shows the development of the agricultural sector of Ayeyawady Division.
Development in the agriculture sector of Ayeyawady Division


Land
cultivable land
Water supply task
- Benefited area acre 2910 300331 297421
- Benefited area acre - 12195 12195
Artesian wells - 716 716
Total benefited area 2910 347322 344412
Cultivation of paddy
- monsoon paddy acreage acre 3154021 3700025 546004
- Summer paddy acreage acre - 586815 586815
(in thousand)
- local rice sufficiency percent 202 297 95
Sugarcane acreage acre - 291 291
Maize acre 6406 12764 6358
Oil eugeni acre - 5 5
Rubber acre 92 11995 11903
Development in the agriculture sector of Ayeyawady Division


- Groundnut acre 85257 107649 22392
- Sunflower acre 136474 350022 213548
- Mustard acre - 85 85

The Ayeyawady Division is making significant progress in the livestock and
fishery sector. The region has a lot of rivers, creeks and lakes and there are fish and
prawn in abundance in the region. The government has upgraded the region’s fish and
prawn sector. The table shows progress of the region’s livestock and fishery sector.
A successful Fish Breeding Farm

Development in the livestock breeding sector of Ayeyawady Division


- Buffalo head 297006 345052 48046
- Cattle head 1118522 1263993 145471
- Sheep/goat head 31007 83197 52190
- Pig head 606224 1062202 555978
- Chicken head 5460701 13558132 8097431
- Duck head 1788643 3158814 1370171
- Quail head - 11524 11524
Forest Conservation
Ayeyawady Division is a delta adjacent to the Sea. It is conserving and protect-
ing mangroveforests for maintenance of the rivers and creeks. The table indicates local
people’s active participation in the tasks for forest conservation.
Development in the forestry sector of Ayeyawady Division


Reserved Forest sq/mile 2781 2780.72 (-) 0.28
Natural Land area sq/mil 0.34 53.12 52.78
- Plantation for industry acre - 16600 16600
Mass tree planting Tree(in Millinon) 0.31 18.93 18.62
Road and Transport

Before 1988, there were no bridges across Ayeyawady River in the region. Due
to many rivers and creeks, there was poor transport in the past. To make the matter
worse, the British colonialists did not pay any attention to construction of roads.
The Tatmadaw members always made reviews of their experiences wherever they
shouldered duties of national defence across the nation. Even local people did not notice
all the requirements of respective regions, but Tatmadaw members did.
Pyapon Bridge
Pathein Bridge
The government has implemented water supply projects where water is scarce.
And it has restored peace and stability wherever there was lack of peace.
In consequence of its endeavours, Ayeyawady Division has enjoyed fruitful results
of better transport. So far, it has constructed 43 bridges in the region including Pathein
Bridge put into commission on 22-11-2005. There have emerged large bridges such as
Ngawun river crossing Ngathaingchaung Bridge, Myaungmya Bridge, Labutta Bridge,
Maubin Bridge, Bo Myat Tun Bridge, Gonnhindan Bridge, Shwelaung Bridge, Wakema
Bridge, Dedaye Bridge, and Dahka Bridge in the region.
Now, people can travel from Yangon to Pathein in comfort and ease. In 1988, there
were roads with a total length of only 440 miles. Now the length of the roads in the region has
increased to nearly 900 miles. On completion of the Pyapon Bridge Project and the Myinkaseik
Bridge Project, local people can travel by car from one place to another in the region in
a few hours. The table reflects progress of the transport sector of Ayeyawady Division.
Development in the transportation sector of Ayeyawady Division

Railways
- Route Mile mile 147.00 147.00 -
- Track Mile mile 191.70 191.70 -
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 61.3 84.3 23.0
- Goods/mile mile 3246.0 10332.0 7086.0
Airways
- above 5000 ft runway airfield field - 1 1
- under 5000 ft runway airfield field 1 - Upgrading
Water transport
- Jetty 10 11 1
- earth road mile 43/0 184/7 141/7
Development in the transportation sector of Ayeyawady Division

Construction of Bridge
- Public Works
- Bridge under construction** bridge - 5 5
- Bridge to be built*** bridge - 2 2
*Bridges completed in Ayeyawady Division ** Bridges under construction
1. Khattiya Bridge (Maubin) 1. Nga Wun Bridge (Myokwin) (Hinthata)
2. Daydalu Bridge (Pyapon) 2. Kyunkone Bridge (Warkaima)
3. Seikma Chaung Bridge (Bogalay) 3. Thonekwa Bridge (Pantanaw)
4. Natchaung Bridge (Bogalay) 4. Kankyi Bridge (Maungmya)
5. Myaungmya Bridge (Myaungmya) 5. Naungchaung Bridge (Kankyidauk)
6. Maubin Bridge (Maubin) ***Bridge to be built
7. Bo Myat Tun Bridge (Nyaungdon) 1. Kyunpyatht Bridge
2. Yarzu Bridge
Dammawady Bridge (Myinkaseik)

Wakema Bridge
Communications
The communication network of the nation has covered even the rural areas at
present. The table indicates the development of communication sector in the division.
Development in the communication sector of Ayeyawady Division

Facsimile 1 62 61
Telephone Service
Development in the communication sector of Ayeyawady Division

- number of line capcaity line 4795 28522 23727
-mobile telephone phone - 3013 3013
- GSM phone - 3013 3013
E-mail/ Internet - 31 31
Overseas submarine cable terminal - 3 3
Electricity
The power consumption in the division in 1988 was 47.560 million units. The present
consumption is over 85.341 million units. Thanks to the national grid, more power can
be distributed to regions with greater consumption power.
All the sectors of the nation are developing rapidly because of the adoption of the
market-oriented economy. More farm machinery are being used at modern farms. The
number of private and State-owned industries is increasing. More towns have emerged
and the living standard is rising. Thus, electricity consumption of the nation is increasing
roughly at 15 per cent annually.
Plans are being implemented in accord with the guidance of the Head of State to
increase generation capacity to generate 2,000 more megawatts based on the nation’s rich
water resources. In accord with the head of State’s guidance, the nation is implementing the 30-
year power project and five-year short-term projects. The projects cover the 790-megawatt
Yeywa Hydel Power Project, the 280-megawatt Paunglaung Hydel Power Project, the
60-megawatt Kunchaung Hydel Power Project, the 30-megawatt Khaboung Hydel Power
Project, the 40-megawatt Phyuchaung Hydel Power Project, the 75-megawatt Shwekyin
Hydel Power Project, the 25-megawatt Yenwe Hydel Power Project, and the 54-mega-
watt Kengtawng Hydel Power Project in southern Shan State are under construction.
Efforts are being made for early completion of the 600-megawatt Shweli Hydel Power
Project in northern Shan State. A 60-megawatt turbine of the 120-megawatt Tikyit coal-
burn power station has now been in operation.
Development in the electric power sector of Ayeyawady Division

Current installed power megawatt 79.000 40.780 (-)38.220
shift
Other power plant
- Natural gas- fired plant 2 1 (-)1 (shift)
(megapower
supply
extension)
- Solar-energy-used plant plant - 1 1

In the Past, there has no production of mining and mineral resources in Ayeyawady
Division. Now bouxide and sand used for making of glass was found. In 2007 there has
produced 3133 tons of bouxide and 3195 tons of sand used for making of glass.
Nyaungdon liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Plant in Ayeyawady Division
Energy
Myanaung oil field was discovered in the division in 1964, Shwepyitha oil field
in 1967, and Htantabin oil field in 1980. Two more new fields were found in 1960 and
1984 respectively, but they are not in operation at present. At present, Myanaung, Maubin,
Shwepyitha and Nyaungdon fields are producing oil and gas.
The Yadana offshore oil and gas well was discovered in 1998. It is producing
natural gas. More offshore wells are being drilled at present. The table has more.
Development in the energy sector of Ayeyawady Division

- Oil field (Inland)* field 5 4 (-)1
- Oil field (Off Shore)** field - 2 2
Gas pipeline mile 46.51 486.09 439.58
- Inland mile 46.51 231.09 184.58
- Off Shore (Under water) mile - 216.00 216.00
- Off Shore (Over water) mile - 39.00 39.00
Development in the energy sector of Ayeyawady Division

Crude Oil Production barrel 178435.00 353861.00 175426.00
Natural Gas Production Cubic ft
(in million) 15972.23 312479.75 296507.52
- Inland Cubic ft
(in million) 15972.23 24571.38 8599.15
- Off Shore Cubic ft
(in million) - 287908.37 287908.37
Filling station station 26 28 2
Plants plant 1 3 2
- LPG (Naungdon) plant - 1 1
- Methanol (Seikthr) plant 1 1 -
Fertilizer plant (Kankyidauk)*** plant - 1 1
*Four Oil Fields (Inland)

1.Myanaung 2. Shwepyith 3. Nyaungdon 4.Maubin
**Oil Fields (Off Shore)
1. Yadana 2. Diamond Naturan Land
*** Fertilizer plant under implementation
1. Kangyidauk Fertilizer plant
Industries
Like the parents who equally look after their children, the Tatmadaw Government
is striving to ensure equitable progress for all the 14 states and divisions of the Union.
The Government has been assisting the people of all the regions to become
prosperous, developed and educated, as they are playing their own role in serving the
national interest, while having the fraternal spirit among them.
Thus, the Government has been building dams and irrigation facilities, roads, bridges,
hospitals, schools and is rendering assistance to set up commercial livestock and fish and prawn
farms. The Government has paved the correct way for all to march towards the national goal.
The people have unitedly set up a number of milestones in their march to the
golden land of unity and amity. Now they are in the process of building an industrial
nation. Please see the table to know the industrial development of the division.
Thabaung Pulp Factory in Ayeyawady Division
own regions, ensuring rural people to pursue vocational education at their native areas
and producing intellectuals and intelligentsia to help develop the motherland till standing
on a par with other nations.
The Tatmadaw Government has built Pathein University, Hinthada University,
Maubin University, Pathein Education College, Bogale Education Collage, and Myaungmya
Education College. The division now has 52736 students of higher education, up from
5000 in the past. There are now 6327 basic education schools in the division. The
primary school enrolment rate and adult literacy rate are raising high in the division. The
table shows the education development of the division.
Development in the industrial sector of Ayeyawady Division

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2007 progress

- Industrial Zone zone - 3 3
State-owned industry industry 61 59 (-)2
Education
The Government has been implementing a programme to reduce the number of
school dropouts due to certain reasons. The programme ensures youths to complete their
studies, while helping the family business.
The Government’s education plans include producing of teachers and professors at their
Development in the education sector of Ayeyawady Division


- Primary school
school
school 4883
- 642
4973
} 732

- Preprimary school
Development in the education sector of Ayeyawady Division


Teachers education
Grade 1 enrolment rate (KG intake rate) prcent 70.52 98.7 28.18
Wastage
- University, college, Degree college 2 3 1
- Degree College 1 - Upgraded
- College 1 - Upgraded
e-learning centre - 6 6
Number of WAN sites - 7 7
Teaching programmes programme 8 78 70
Human Resource Development
Centre centre - 3 3

At present, success has been achieved in building development, economic, and
urban infrastructures with the strength of Myanmar engineers and architects. Please see
the table for more information.
Development in the science and technology sector of
Ayeyawady Division
Technological University university 1 3 2
- Technological University (Hinthada) university - 1 1
- Technological University (Pathein) university - 1 1
- Technological University (Maubin) university - 1 1
Computer University university - 3 3
- Computer University (Hinthada) university - 1 1
- Computer University (Pathein) university - 1 1
- Computer University (Maubin) university - 1 1
Government Technical Institute/School - 2 2
- Government Technical Institute
(Wakema) institute - 1 1
Technical Training School (Pathein) School - 1 1
Health
The government is stepping up its efforts to uplift the health and fitness standard
of the entire people and to help the citizens to stay away from diseases. Its health care
concerns have thoroughly covered the whole nation. So, the Ayeyawady Division has
enjoyed fruitful results
of better health standard. In 1988, there was only one 200-bed hospital, but now
the region has been facilitated with three 200-bed hospitals. It has appointed more health
staff in the medical facilities in proportion with the regions and populations. The table
reflects the government’s efforts to help local people of Ayeyawady Division to enjoy
longevity and be free from diseases.
Development in the health sector of Ayeyawady Division

Upgrading of hospital Hospital 65 77 12
- 100-Bedded Hospital Hospital 4 2 Upgrading
-25-Bedded Hospital Hospital 5 6 1
-16-Bedded Hospital Hospial 10 9 Upgrading
- Maternal and Child Health Centre Centre 43 42 (-) 1
- Primary and Secondary Health CenterCentre 2 3 1
Development in the health sector of Ayeyawady Division


- Traditional Medicine Hospital(16Bed)Hhospital - 1 1
Training School 3 5 2
- Nursing Training School School 2 .3 1
Development Affairs
In the past, many parts of Ayeyawady Division were, like islands, surrounded by
water. Now, with new roads and bridges, the region has developed remarkably. The total
length of its rural roads has risen to over 3,500 miles, up from 837 miles and one furlong
in the past. It means the region has escaped from the position in which it had to rely
mainly on waterways. The table represents better transport the region is enjoying.
Development in the development affairs sector of Ayeyawady Division

Comparison between period preceeding 1988 and after (up to 31-12-2007)
Urban development
- Urban roads mile 490/4 698/6 208/2
- Earthen road mile 221/4 280/7 59/3
Development in the development affairs sector of Ayeyawady Division

Rural Development
- Rural roads mile 837/1 3517/6 2680/5
Metalled road mile 132/2 620/7 488/5
- Earthen road mile 577/6 2705/0 2127/2

We have presented progress of the 14 states and divisions which are mini unions
marching to the new land of unity and amity. We have now presented progress of
Ayeyawady Division.
The Ayeyawady River rises from Kachin State and passes through Ayeyawady Division
and flows into the Sea. Similarly, the Tatmadaw Government’s nation-building endeavours
have covered the border areas, the hilly regions and the plains. Like the Ayeyawady
River that flows regularly in the nation, the Tatmadaw Government will always continue
to carry out nation-building tasks in the interests of the people and posterity. The table
shows the government’s efforts to enhance knowledge of rural people.

Ayeyawady Division
Subject Count 1988 31-12-2007 progress
Myanmar Sports - the World to Conquer

and development in Myanmar
Lying in the south-eastern peninsular of the Asian continent, Myanmar has emerged as
an independent and sovereign nation since over 2,000 years ago.
Touching the Andaman Sea in the south and Bay of Bengal in the west, Myanmar is
sharing a common land border with China in the north and north-east, Laos and Thailand
in the east and south-east, and Bangladesh and India in the west on a contiguous land-
mass.
The breadth of the 261,228-square-mile country is 582 miles from east to west at the
widest point and the length from the northernmost tip to the southernmost end is 1,275
miles. Of its 5,200-mile long border line, 3,808 miles stand as a common land border with
her neighbours. From the Naff River mouth in the north to the Cape of Bayintnaung in
the south, its coastline is 1,385 miles long. From the coast to the end line of the special
economic zone, the territorial waters cover over 14,000 square miles.
Fifty-one per cent or over 130,000 square miles of its land surface is covered by
forests. Its landscape includes mountain ranges, and basins where large and small rivers
and creeks are flowing. The four largest rivers are the Ayeyawady, the Chindwin, the
Thanlwin and the Sittoung. The Ayeyawady, its length exceeding 1,000 miles, is flowing
in the nation from north to south. It is included in the world’s renowned rivers.
The land is rich in natural resources including gems, teak and oil. Its abundant supply
of water resources and fertile soil are a gift of nature to grow various kinds of crops, with
paddy as the main crop.
Because of her strategic location between the south Asia and the Southeast Asia and
her correct stand in foreign relations, Myanmar is known in the world as the golden land.
Like the jewels, the seven states and seven divisions are helping shine the nation. They
all form the Union, where mutual reliance plays an important role among all the regions.
Since time immemorial, over 100 national races including Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Chin,
Mon,
®mn\Bamar,
mal¨¨cyRakhine
\lk\eRÝ;and
sc\eShan
BalMhave
u;Aqcbeen
\; living in the Union, which is like a common
stem bearing over 100
eAac fruits,
\pÝ´KMsU\ with fraternal friendship. The neighbouring countries of the
region know the national races of the Union as people of the golden land.
The population of Myanmar is increasing 2.02 per cent annually, and her current
population is about 56.5 million. As her population in 1988 was nearly 39.3 million, she
now has 17.2 million new-born under-19 youths.
A nation’s future is shaped by the past and present situations and future visions. The
Tatmadaw Governemnt has been discharging the State duties at present in accord with
the historical requirement. As the Tatmadaw Government is leading the nation towards
a new age, it has brought unprecedented developments to the nation during the period
of 19 years.
At the graduation of Defence Service Technological Academy held on 24 December
2004, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Commander-in-Chief of
Defence Services Senior General Than Shwe said, “Soon after the regaining of independ-
ence, the national unity faced grave deterioration and the nation experienced the lack of
peace and tranquillity. The agro-based national economy fell below the level at which
food and other necessities could not satisfy the growing population. At a time when
other countries had entered the industrial age, our nation lost its way, and was in
backwardness, without having any capital for progress. In the end, the political sector of
the nation reached beyond control resulting from the economic slump.
“In this regard, the Tatmadaw Government has laid down and implemented the eco-
nomic objective — Development of agriculture as the base and for all-round develop-
ment of other sectors of economy as well. Thanks to the collective efforts of the Tatmadaw,
the Government and the people, clusters of agricultural infrastructures have already been
built in all necessary places. More infrastructures will be built in the future also. Because
of the energetic efforts to extend sown acreage, increase per acre yield, and introduce
new crops, the nation now is enjoying surplus rice. “If a nation is able to produce
enough food for the people, it will have to establish an industrial nation for the prosperity
of the national people. But the setting up of an industrialized nation needs a large number
of qualified human resources. Hence, the Government has established 24 development
zones, the project covering the task to develop human resources simultaneously in the
entire nation. The rural development tasks are being attached to the project for develop-
ment of all regions of the nation. Now, all the nationalities have the opportunity to get
access to science and technological studies in their own regions. In addition, the Gov-
ernment is giving priority to increased generation of electricity for industrial develop-
ment.”
The Tatmadaw Government is laying an enduring foundation to build a peaceful,
modern and developed nation, with firm objectives and belief — The country must
become a real golden land. The national races of the land must be renowned in the world
as the people of the golden land.
Attractive fountains of water in Nay Pyi Taw
en®pv\eta\ “mio>eta\Kn\;mf vAl¹
Agriculture
The total sown acreage of Myanmar was over 23.8 million acres. There remained 26.1
million acres of fallow and virgin lands in 1988 to be used for agriculture. Paddy sown
acreage then was only 11.8 million acres. As there was no progress at all in the farming
techniques then, the nation’s annual paddy output was stagnant at 630 million baskets.
But the population is increasing and 70 per cent of the nation’s population resides in
rural areas where agriculture is main livelihood. Thus, efforts were needed to double the
paddy production. Since 1992-93, the Government has been launching reforms in the
agricultural sector, and realizing them without fail. It has applied various means to grow
18 million acres of paddy — 17 million acres of monsoon paddy and 0.8 million acres of
summer paddy — to produce 1,000 million baskets. In 1988, there were only 138 dams
in the nation and they were irrigating 1.3 million acres of crops.
Over 3.8 million acres of land had been put under double-cropping. More water is
needed to use more land. Thus, dams are being built in all possible places. New dams
numbering 206 have emerged in a period of 19 years. Small dams, tube-wells and hand
pumps are irrigating crops in the areas beyond the reach of tributary canals of the large
dams.
To effectively use water from the natural watercourses, the Government has built 305
waterworks up to date to increase irrigated acres.
Double-cropping has increased to 21.3 million acres.
With its 17 million acres of monsoon paddy fields and 0.9 million acres of summer
paddy fields, the nation can now stand tall again as a rice bowl of Asia. The present year’s
paddy output is expected to be 1191 million baskets.
Thanks to the unprecedented progress in the agricultural sector, Myanmar is prosper-
ing as if the land yields gold everywhere.
The states and divisions that could not produce enough rice for their local consumption
in the past are now enjoying food sufficiency.
The nation is also witnessing greater increase in beans and pulses production for
export, cultivation of edible crops and industrial crops.
The Tatmadaw Government has been striving to further improve the means of liveli-
hood of the growing population of future.
It is preparing to develop the agricultural and other sectors to be able to produce
adequate amount of food and other social items sufficient for a population of 100 million.
Within a short span of time the agricultural sector can see the unprecedented develop-
ments.
Development in the agriculture sector of Myanmar


Land resource
- Virgin and vacant land acre 26186760 14214618
increase in
- dam, lake, reservoir, drain Num
- Task under implemantation Num - 36 36
- River water pumping project
-Task to be carried out Num - 40 40
- Damming creek Num - 1059 1059
- Average benefited area acre - 184570 184570
- Artesian Wells Num - 7570 7570
- Benefited area acre - 91388 91388
- Total production basket
in thousand 630924 1191132 560208
H Maday Reservoir in Kamma Township in Thayet District, Magway Division.
J

Myanmar is rich in fresh water and sea prawns and fishes. Its land is pollution free, and
its waters are uncontaminated. The combined fresh water surface area of Ayeyawady,
Chindwin, Sittoung and Thanlwin rivers and their many tributaries is 8.2 million hectares.
In addition, over six million hectares of land are covered by water for six to eight
months every year. The total area of natural lakes, reservoirs and other man-made lakes
is 1.8 million hectares.
Commercial-scale livestock farms have been set up to produce more meat. The table
shows the development of fish and meat sector of the nation.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Myanmar
- Buffalo head 2241007 2901776 660769
- Cattle head 10081938 12857861 2775923
- Sheep/goat head 1463467 3078355 1614888
- Pig head 3118149 7537625 4419476
- Chicken head 33441613 118608892 85167279
- Duck head 6207685 11952197 5744512
- Quail head - 385817 385817
-Prawn breeding pond acre - 225725 225725
Honey Production
- Bee - hives Num 3357 22448 19091
Forest Conservation
The Tatmadaw Government has been nurturing and educating the people to become
forest lovers.
Forests cover 51 per cent of the nation’s land surface.
But we will face adverse consequences, if we cannot conserve and extend the forests.
Realizing this, the Government has been in the process of launching the project to
green the entire nation.
The Nine-District Greening Project covering Mandalay, Sagaing and Magway divi-
sions, involves the four tasks of finding water resources, conserving and extending forests,
establishing village fuel wood forests, and using more wood-substitute fuels.
Beginning 1994-95, the project has been expanded to cover 13 districts. And thanks
to the project, regions in the central dry area is receiving extra amount of rain annually.
For the people of the zone, water is precious even more than gold.
Development in the Forestry sector of Myanmar

Reserved forest sq/mile 38839 47668.44 8829.44
Natural area sq/mile 2073.93 10275.26 8201.33
Setting up of forest acre 78915 1440701 1361786
- acres of special teak plantation acre - 160000 160000
- acres of commercial plantation acre 42083 589428 547345
- acres of village plantation acre 16630 308874 292244
- acres of industrial plantation acre 13490 143605 130115
- acres of watershed plantation acre 6712 238794 232082
acres of Thitseint plantation acre - 19250 19250
Tree planting of community movement tree 4.51 264.39 259.89

The beauty of National Kandawgyi Gardens (Pyin Oo Lwin).
Development in the greening tasks of Myanmar

Setting up plantations acre - 293916 293916

- mountain range plantation acre - 19933 19933
- other plantation acre - 32225 32225
- Physic nut plantation acre - 6260 6260
Fuel-substitute wood
- stove stove - 397199 397199
- briquette bar - 74594293 74594293
- agricultural waste ton - 184958.17 184958.17
Water works
- pond pond - 1412 1412
- silt-prevented dam dam - 1379 1379
- underground water - 95 95
Bago mountain range greening work -
plantation acre - 23045 23045
- other plantation acre - 1270 1270
- Physic nut plantation acre - 1740 1740
- natural forest conservation acre - 77750 77750
- Shwepontaung greening work acre - 3001 3001
Road and Transport

The Tatmadaw Government has constructed a network of roads and bridges, resulting
in a smooth transport the length and breadth of the nation even in the hilly regions. The
number of small, medium and large bridges, roads and railroads across the country at
present has surged many times if compared to that in 1988.
There have emerged Mandalay-Myitkyina, Mandalay-Bhamo, Myitkyina-Putao, Hpa-
an-Zarthabyin-Mawlamyine, Taunggyi-Ywangan-Hanmyinmo, Pyinmana-Pinlaung, Sittway-
An-Minbu- Kawthoung-Dawei-Mawlamyine, Taungup-Ma-ei-Kyaukpyu, Monywa-Hkamti
Union Highways.
The government constructed Minbu-Seikpyu-Pakokku-Monywa Road and Minhla-
Thayet-Pyay Road to bring further development to the regions on the west bank of the
Ayeyawady River. It has also constructed many roads linking Natmauk and Magway;
Monywa and Kalewa, Toungoo and Pyay, Pyinmana and Taungdwingyi, and these trans-
port facilities link the eastern part and the western part of the nation.
People can travel from Pyay to Taungdwingyi through the central Yoma mountain
range with the use of Pyay-Aunglan-Taungdwingyi Railroad. People also can travel over
the Shan mountain range with the use of Shwenyaung-Taunggyi-Hsaikkhaung Railroad.
There have also emerged Pakokku-ChaungU railroad, Budalin-YeU-KhinU railroad, Pyay-
Aungban-Taungdwingyi-Kyaukpadaung-Bagan-NyaungU railroad, Namhsan-Mongnai rail-
road, Aungpan-Loikaw railroad, Ye-Dawei railroad, Yaymyetni-Gangaw-Kalay railroad
and Shwenyaung-Yaksawk railroad.
Such bridges spanning the Ayeyawady River as Maubin Bridge, Nawade Bridge, Dedaye
Bridge and Bo Myat Tun Bridge came into existence. The government also built Bala Min
Htin Bridge, Anawrahta Bridge, Ayeyawady (Magway) Bridge, and Yadanabon Bridge
(Mandalay). So far, it has constructed two bridges across Chindwin River, three across
Sittoung River and five across Thanlwin River.
With respect to the air transport sector, in the past, there were only six airports which
could serve jet aircraft. But, the number of such airports has increased to 38 in total. The
government has upgraded Heho Airport, Myeik Airport and NyaungU Airport and built
Homalin, Monywa, Magway, An, Pakokku and Kyaukhtu airports. Hkamti, Bhamo and
Lashio airport construction projects, Kengtung, Yangon and Pathein airport upgrading
projects, and Yangon and Anisakhan airport construction projects are under way.
The government has constructed 21 jetties for local vessels and 16 jetties for foreign
vessels. The transport facilities all over the nation help forge national solidarity and raise
the social and economic standards of the entire people. The table shows progress of the
nation’s transport sector.
Dagon Bridge, the pride of Myanmar Engineers who built with own
technology.
Development in the transportation sector of Myanmar

Railways
- Route Mile miles 1976.35 3148.86 1172.51
- Track Mile miles 2793.86 4230.40 1436.54
Bridges
- Bridge (large) (above 600ft) bridge 547 735 188
- Bridge (small) (under 600ft) bridge 5103 9347 4244
Airways
- above 5000 ft runway airfield airfield 21 38 17
- under 5000 ft runway airfield airfield 45 31 upgrading
Waterways
- jetty (local vessel) jetty 86 107 21
- jetty (foreign going) jetty 13 29 16
Motor road miles 13635/0 19020/6 5385/6
- earth road mile 2895/0 3267/0 372/0
Bridge on motor road
- Public Works
- above 180 feet bridge
- bridge under implementation bridge - 24 24
- bridge to be built bridge - 8 8
- under 180 feet bridge 3305 5379 2074
- Military Engineers (above 180 feet) bridge - 11 11
- Electric Power (above 180 feet) bridge - 2 2
Communications
The government has been striving for the improvement of information technology in
the country to be on a par with the advanced nations the world over in the communication
sector. The table shows the nation’s progress in the communication sector.
Development in the communication sector of Myanmar


Post Office office 1114 1356 242
Telegraph Office office 310 504 194
faxcimile 10 4858 4848
computer telegraph - 98 98
Telephone Service
- auto exchange line 33 240 207
- manual exchange line 212 410 198
- rural telephone exchange line - 241 241
- telephone line capacity line 71855 747565 675710
- direct line line 67016 659313 592297
- auto/manual telephone phone 67016 87636 20620
- ARTS radio telephone phone - 3981 3981
- DECT telephone phone - 2574 2574
- CDMA (fixed) telephone phone - 18271 18271
Mobile Telephone phone - 247641 247641
- CDMA (mobil) phone phone - 12119 12119
- D -AMPS phone phone - 23710 23710
- GSM phone phone - 211812 211812
Microwave Station station 71 232 161
Internet line line - 7772 7772
- microwave channel 7632 49800 42168
Overseas satellite ground station station 1 3 2
Overseas satellite channel channel 26 543 517
Overseas submarine cable terminal - 3 3
Overseas submarine cable channel channel - 1248 1248
Fibre cable link station - 240 240
Overseas telephone channel channel 26 2031 2005
A new building of Yatanarpon Teleport in new town Yatanarpon,
Pyin Oo Lwin.
Electric Power
Nowadays, the government is making a huge headway with the national development
undertakings. In the nation are many rivers and creeks with annual water flow of 870
million acre feet. If these water resources are harnessed effectively for construction of 267
hydropower plants, some 40,000 megawatts can be generated. The government has been
pouring investments into the irrigation projects. It has taken another step for national
development through the electric power sector.
In 1988, the nation’s electricity consumption was only 1611 million units. Now, the
electricity consumption has reached 4726 million units. In order to meet the higher living
standard of the people, the government had to construct 36 hydel-power plants throughout
the country. On completion of 21 more power plant projects, the electricity generation
will touch megawatts.
It is indeed about one-eighths of the total electric power that can be generated with
the use of all the water resources in the nation.
Development in the electric power sector of Myanmar
Electricity consumption unit 1611.273 4726.328 3115.055
(in million)
Maximum load megawatt megawatt 328.975 1069.791 740.816
Generating power 663.617 1904.449 1240.832
Increased power supply
- implemented project plant 14 50 36
- large scale (above-10 megawatt) plant 2 11 9
- medium-scale (1-10 megawatt) plant 1 11 10
- small-scale (1 megawatt) plant 11 28 17
- Implementing projects plant - 21 21
- large scale (above 10 megawatt) plant - 19 19
- medium-scale (1-10 megawatt) plant - 2 2
Other power plants
-Combined cycle power plant plant - 4 4
- Steam power plant plant 4 1 (-)3
- Natural gas powered-plant plant 7 11 4
- Coal - used plant plant - 1 1
- Diesel - used plant plant 372 565 193
Development in the electric power sector of Myanmar


- Private plant plant 83 15571 15488
- Wind energy - used plant plant - 27 27
Industry
The nation is rich in natural resources. Industrial crops thrive in the nation. Human
resources are being produced annually. The generation of electricity is on the increase.
The government has built a foundation to transform the agro-based nation into an
industrialized one.
It has constructed dams and reservoirs where water is scarce, and organized enterprises
and factories, which scattered in respective regions, into industrial zones.
The government’s encouragement and assistance has helped establish 28 industrial
zones with 9786 enterprises.
The number of private-run factories has grown up to 43506 and cottage industries up
to 9486.
The government has established 170 factories, accounting for 794 factories in total in
the nation. It is giving encouragement and providing necessary assistance in various fields
for the industrial development.
As a result, many job opportunities could be created for the people. The table shows
the industrial progress of the nation.
Development in the industry sector of Myanmar

Upgrading industrial power

- Industrial Zones zone - 28 28
- Private industries industry 26690 43506 16816

- Cottage industries industry - 9486 9486
State-owned industries industry 624 794 170

Pathi Hydel Power Plant near Ngwedaunggale Village in Toungoo.
Thabaung Pulp Factory in Ayeyawady Division.
Energy
The government is striving for extended exploration of oil. It has discovered offshore
oilfields in Mottama, Rakhine State and Taninthayi Division. The nation’s inexhaustible
natural gas deposits can contribute towards national development. The table shows progress
of the energy sector.
Development in the energy sector of Myanmar

Oil field field 19 27 8
- Oil field (inland) field 19 23 4
- Oil field (offshore) field - 4 4
- Length of Gas pipeline mile 250.91 2183.52 1932.61
- Inland mile 250.91 1760.52 1509.61
- Offshore (under water) mile - 342.00 342.00
- Offshore (over water) mile - 81.00 81.00
- Crude oil production barrel 6165641.00 7625867.00* 1460226.00
- Inland barrel 6165641.00 3319493.00* (-)2846148.00
- Offshore barrel - 4306374.00* 4306374.00
Gas production cubic feet 41913.97 484959.37* 443045.40
- Inland cubic feet 41913.97 36419.02* (-)5494.95
- Offshore cubic feet - 448540.35* 448540.35
- Oil Refinery gallon
(million) 156.47 220.56** 64.09
- Filling station station 226 267 41
- CNG Station station 5 44 39
Plants plant 8 14 6
- refinery plant 3 3 -
- LPG plant plant 1 3 2
- fertilizer plant plant 3 5*** 2
- methanol plant plant 1 1 -
- bituminous plant plant - 1 1
- carbondioxide plant plant - 1 1
Education
In an effort to contribute to brighter future of the nation, the government is nurturing
the new generation youths who can brave and cope with the challenges of the knowledge
age so as to produce more and more human resources.
It is also taking all possible measures for the uplift of the education standard of the
people. The Ministry of Education has established 64 universities and colleges. There are
161 universities and colleges all over the country to bring equal opportunity to the youths
to pursue education.
It has opened 6806 basic education schools in the whole country, increasing the number
of the schools from 33747 in 1988 to 40553 now. It has also opened 6229 post-primary
schools for enabling youths in rural regions to continue to pursue education in respective
regions.
Originally, Myanmar nationals are dynamic and are quick learners. With the qualifica-
tions of the national people, the nation can be changed itself from an agro-based nation
into an industrialized one and then into a knowledge power.
Adult literacy rate of Myanmar is one of the highest in South-East Asia. The table
shows the progress of her education sector.
Development in the education sector of Myanmar

Basic education
- number of schools school 33747 40553 6806
- BEHS school 722 2121 1399
- BEMS school 1696 2625 929
- Post Primary school - 6229
- BEPS school 31329 29578

} 4478
Technological University (Kalay).
Development in the education sector of Myanmar

- multimedia classroom room - 1825 1825

- e- Learning Centre room - 663 663
Preprimary school
- KG enrolment percent 67.13 99.01 30.88
- adult literacy rate percent 79.7 94.75 15.05
School dropout rate
- primary school level percent 40.99 6.12 (-) 34.87
- middle school level percent 40.36 9.66 (-) 30.7
Uplift of higher education
- university/college/degree college 27 44 17
- institutes institute 7 7 -
- arts & science university university 3 31 28
- degree college college 6 6 -
- college college 11 - upgraded
- e- Learning Centre room - 71 71
- No of WAN sites - 81 81
Human resource development centre centre - 44 44

In the time of the Tatmadaw Government, there have emerged 29 technological
universities and four technological colleges.
It has established 26 universities for compu ter studies across the nation.
It has opened doctorate courses in the subjects of engineering, applied science, and
computer. It also established the Myanmar Aerospace Engineering University and the
Myanmar Maritime University.
The purpose of the establishment of the educational institutions in the states and
divisions is to enable the intellectuals and intelligentsia to play an important role in
nurturing the youths.
The table shows the progress of the education sector of the nation.
Development in the science and technology sector of Myanmar
Technological Universities university 2 29 27
Myanmar Aerospace Engineering university - 1 1
university
Government Technological College college - 4 4
Government Technical Institute institute 2 12 10
- Number of student (Graduate) student 8457 22084 13627
- Number of student (Current) student - 3050 3050
Computer University university 1 26 25
- Number of student (Graduate) student 19 39180 39161
- Number of student (Current) student - 14671 14671
Technical Training School school - 10 10
Health
Now is the time when measures are being taken to give priority to public health
care. Now, the number of hospitals has increased to 839 at present from 631 in 1988. At
the time of the Tatmadaw Government, four medical universities and two dental universities
have been opened. Moreover, two pharmaceutical universities, two paramedical universities,
two institutes of nursing, one traditional medicine university and one medical university
have also been added to the existing number. In the past, there were only 7 nursing
training schools. But now, they are 23 in number. Specialists were employed at state-,
division- and district-level hospitals to ensure better public health care.
Institute of Paramedical Sciences (Mandalay).
Development in the health sector of Myanmar

Upgrading of hospital hospital 631 839 208

- specialist hospital hospital 15 21 6
- teaching and general hospital hospital 4 6 2
- 300-bed hospital 1 6 5
- 150-bed hospital 11 5 upgrading
- 16-bed hospital 162 77 upgrading
- station hospital hospital 305 462 157
Hospital of other Ministry hospital 14 26 12
Health units centre 1829 1987 158
- rural health centre centre 1337 1473 136
- maternal and child care centre centre 348 348 -
- Local health centre centre 64 86 22
- school health team team 80 80 -
Health staff staff 20149 33911 13762
- doctors (specialist/assistant) doctor 3242 6814 3572
- dentist dentist 292 517 225
- nurses nurse 4448 11905 7457
- dental nurses nurse 96 175 79
- health assistant assistant 1238 1788 550
- health staff staff 1557 1723 166
- midwife midwife 8115 9016 901
- supervisor (1)/(2) supervisor 1161 1973 812
Development in the health sector of Myanmar

- traditional medicine hospital
(50-bed) hospital - 2 2
- traditional medicine clinic
(16-bed) clinic - 12 12
- traditional medicine clinic clinic 89 237 148
- traditional medicine science centre 1 1 -
- Nurses Training School School 7 23 16
Universities university 4 15 11
- Institute of Medical institute 3 4 1
- Institute of Dental institute 1 2 1
- Institute of Nursing institute - 2 2
- Institute of Pharmacy institute - 2 2
- Institute of Paramedical Sciences institute - 2 2
- University of Community Health institute - 1 1
- University of Basic Health university - 1 1
- University of Traditional Medicine university - 1 1
Narcotic Drugs Elimination

The Herculean border area development project involves the humanitarian spirit. The
border areas have seen their social development reaching beyond imagination because of
the efforts to find out the core requirement. One of the results of the project is the drastic
fall in the cultivation of poppy and production of narcotic drugs, the evil legacy of the
colonialists. The project has been launched to end the evil legacy and produce sound
developments for the future generations. The table shows the success achieved in eliminating
narcotic drugs.
Drug Elimination Endeavours of Myanmar

- Reducing poppy cultivation Acre 61562 9284.88 5277.12
(85% decrease)
- Destroying poppy plantation Acre 211.35 178173.44 176962.09
(destroy)
- Handing over of poppy seeds Pyi - 136907.2 136907.2
(destroy)
-Destruction of seized narcotic drugs Time - 63 63
- Yangon Time - 20 20
- State/Division Time - 43 43
Cultivation of poppy substitute crops
- Annual crop Acre - 1079933 1079933
- Perennial crop Acre - 398389.5 398389.5
Rehabilitation Camp Camp 2 3 1
Drug Elimination Museum museum - 3 3

Elimination of Narcotic Drugs Museum (Yangon)
SPORTS
As the Tatmadaw Government has designated the objective “ Uplift of health,
fitness and education standards of the entires nation” as one of the four social objectives,
serious emphasis has been placed on health and fitness of the entire people. Likewise,
efforts are being made for development of the sports sector.
In order to make the entire people fit and healthy and to enable them to be
outstanding in sports, sportsgrounds for football, tennis, shooting range, equestrian course,
archery ground, cycling field and stadiums for badminton, chinlon, weight-lifting,
thaing(martial art), boxing, Tackwondo, and swimming pool are extensively constructed.
Similarly, talented athlets are being nurtured and sent to international tournaments
and competitions in South - East Asian region. The following table shows medals gained
in the international tournament counducted in 2007.
Myanmar’s participation in international

tournaments and medals bagged
Medals
Sr. Game Subject Nation
Gold SilverBronze
1 Football - Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy for U- 21 Brunei 1

- AFF U-20 Youth Championship 2007 Vietnam 1
- 39th. Merdeka Invitational Football Malaysia 1
Tournament
- Mekong Goodwill Games Thailand 1
- XXIV SEA Games Thailand 1 1
(M) (F)
2 Athletics - 2nd. SEA Junior Athletics Singapore 1

Championship
- Pre-SEA Games Thailand 5 4 3
3 Wushu - 2nd International Wushu Tournament China 11

(Hong Kong)
- 4th Asian Youth Wushu Championship Korea 2 1 4
- 9th World Wushu Championship and China
joint-training
- XXIV SEA Games Thailand 1 2 4
4 Judo - International Judo Championship Thailand 2 3

- 16th International Invitational Judo Vietnam 1 4
Tournament
5 Sepak Takraw - 2nd Asian - Indoor Games China 2

6 Rowing - 12th Asian Rowing Tournament and Korea 1

13th Asian-Junior Rowing Tournament
7 Tennis - U-14 Asian Youth Junior Tournament Pakistan 2 1 2

Myanmar’s participation in international

tournaments and medals bagged
Medals
Sr. Game Subject Nation
Gold SilverBronze
8 Boxing - Pre SEA Games Tournament Thailand 1 4 2

- XXIV SEA Games Thailand 4
9 Billiard - 6th Asian Billiard Championship Qatar 1

- World Billiard Tournament Singapore 1
10 Yachting - XXIV SEA Games Thailand 2
11 Archery - 1st Asian Sattelite Archery Tournament Thailand 1

- XXIV SEA Games Thailand 2
12 Golf - World Junior Golf Tournament Indonesia 1
13 Karatedo - XXIV SEA Games Thailand 4
14 Disable - Special Olympic World Summer China 2 5

Games for the Disable
15 Thaing
(Martial Art) - World Pencak Silat Championship Malaysia 2
16 Tackwondo - XXIV SEA Games Thailand 1 1 4
17 Shooting - XXIV SEA Games Thailand 2 2 1
18 Physical - XXIV SEA Games Thailand 1
Total 38 49 70
Social Welfare
Social welfare work is the voluntary service that contributes to social needs and it
is a noble endeavour essential for building a nation. If we take stock of the respective
social welfare works being carried out all over Myanmar, it is found that they cannot be
fully implemented in every nook and cranny of most states. However, efforts are being
made to carry on with the tasks as mush as the State can.
Development in the social welfare sector of Myanmar
Pre-primary School
(Department-owned)
- school school 47 63 16
- teacher Num 382 656 274
- student Num 6433 7605 1172
Youth Training School (Boy)
- trainee Num 483 1148 665
- employee Num 217 122 (-)95
Youth Training School (Girl)
- school school 2 2 -
- trainee Num 235 401 166
- employee Num 42 38 (-)4
Voluntary Women’s Homes
- school school - 2 2
- trainee Num - 153 153
- employee Num - 51 51
Women’s Development Centres
- department department 2 2 -
- employee Num 34 34 -
Vocational School for Adult Women
- employee Num 33 56 23
School for Domestic Science
- trainee Num 1853 3131 1278
Development in the social welfare sector of Myanmar


School for the Blind
(Department-owned)
School for the Disabled
(Department-owned)
School for the Deaf Children
(Department-owned)
- student Num 36 214 178
Rehabilitation Centre For Ex-drug
Addicts
- station station 5 12 7
- trainee Num 3150 630 (-)2520
Self-help Basic
Pre- primary School (Voluntary)
- student Num 24750 28520 3770
Voluntary School for the Deaf
- trainee Num 96 80 (-)16
- Youths’ Homes home 115 161 46
Voluntary School for the Blind school 2 5 3
Voluntary School for the Disabled school - 2 2
Home for the Aged home 15 51 36
Voluntary Vocational School for
Adult Woman school 7 10 3
Relief and Resettlement

Relief and resettlement works are measures taken in advance so as to bring down the
loss of lives and property due to natural disaster and also to render necessary assistance
to the victims for their welfare temporarily. As it is essential to provide assistance to the
victims in time of disaster, taking necessary steps in advance also plays a vital role to bring
down losses and damages.
A total of 254 natural disasters broke out in 1988 and an average amount per year of
6.38 million kyats was provided during that period. During the period after 1988 up to
2007, there broke out 3389 natural disasters and a total amount of 393.80 million kyats
was provided. So, an average amount per year of 19.69 millon kyats could be provided.
The following table shows the opening of management courses on prevention of natural
disaster.
Completed management courses on prevention of natural disaster
Training Courses Num 33 52 19

Trainee Num 1599 2102 503
Fire Prevention
Systematic measures are being taken not only to protect the danger of fire to
lives, property and the State-owned means of production and buildings, but also to
prevent natural disaster in conjunction with the working people and organizations.
Moreover cooperation with international organizations is also being made. The following
table shows the strength of fire precaution and prevention.
Strength of Fire Precaution and Prevention

Fire station of fire services personnel station 134 222 88
Auxiliary fire brigade station station 154 283 129
Auxiliary fire brigade troupe platoon 2575 6611 4036
Member of auxiliary fire brigade Num 73793 239941 166148
Fire precaution and prevention body team 3950 6425 2475
Religion
In the time of Tatmadaw Government, development on religious affairs has been
carried out. All the national races residing in the Union of Myanmar can enjoy the
freedom of faith. However, Buddhists occupy the majority of the population.
There were 47983 monasteries and 312851 monks and novices in the Union of
Myanmar in 1988. Up to 31-12-2007, as the number of monasteries has increased to
56839 and monks and novices to 548766, the difference amounts to 8856 for monasteries
and 235915 for monks and novices.
Similarly, to make the abbots efficient, more abbots training schools have been
opened. There were only three training schools in Sagaing, Mandalay and Yangon each.
However, the number has increased to 14 in 14 states and divisions up to 31-12-2007.
There were only three categories of Buddhist religious title and only 86 title
recipient monks in 1988. The categories of Buddhist religious title have increased to 23
and title recipient monks to 4421.
Besides, in order to disseminate the Theravada Sasana in the nation and abroad,
1086 monks of Dhammacariya and 237 monks of Maha Dhammacariya totalling 1323
monks have been brought out from two State Priyatti Sasana Universities in Yangon and
Mandalay. Although there were a few foreigners from abroad to practise religious
meditation in Myanmar, now there have been up to 8505 persons.
Similarly, International Theravada Buddhist Missionary University was opened in
1998-99 with 51 local students and 36 foreign students totalling 87 students and the
numbers have increased to 741 for local students and 588 for foreign students up to
31-12-2007. The University has produced 500 Diploma- holders (Buddha Dhamma), 250
persons for B.A. (Buddha Dhamma) 32 for M.A. (Buddha Dhamma), 3 for Ph.D. (Buddha
Dhamma) totalling 785.
The World Buddhist Summit was significantly convened in Yangon from 9 to 11
December in 2004.
Cooperative
In the time of Tatmadaw government, all-round development of the State was
carried out with concerted effort. Accordingly the cooperative sector could also contribute
toward sectorwise development in meat and fish, electric power, transportation, social
affairs and human resources development by use of cooperative method.
Culture
In the time of Tatmadaw government, renovation and preservation of shrines,
pagodas, temples with a hollow vaulted base, brick monasteries, caves, Buddhist ordination
halls and ancient pagodas constructed on the hill are being made every year. The cultural
buildings such as Thiri Zeya Bhomi Golden Palace in Bagan and Shwebonyadana Mingala
Palace in Shwebo vividly indicate the development in cultural sector in the time of
Tatmadaw government.
Thiri Zeya Bhomi Golden Palace (Bagan).

Hotel and Tourism

Myanmar Hotels and Travel Service was initiated as the sole tour enterprise
(company) by Food and Beverages Enterprise under the name of Tourist Burma in the
Union of Myanmar in 1988. At that time there were only 29 hotels all over Myanmar.
In the time of Tatmadaw government, the Ministry of Hotel and Tourism was organized
in 1993 and necessary measures for development of Myanmar Hotels and Travel Service
were also taken in conjunction with private businessmen.
Then the year 1966 was designated as Visit Myanmar Year and steps were taken to
develop Myanmar Hotels and Travel Service. During the period of Visit Myanmar Year,
the number of tour companies increased to 541 and that of hotels, motels, inns and guest
houses to 359.
Myanmar Hotels and Travel Service (MHTS) has been providing services such as
accommodation, food and transport with eight State-owned hotels, Yangon Airport
Restaurant and transportation service for tourists (hiring motor vehicles), including other
services. The Tourism Regulation Department (TRD) also issued four categories of license
for development of Myanmar Hotels and Travel Service. Up to 31 December, 2007, 749
travel licenses, 607 hotel licenses, 508 transport licenses (ship, car, powered schooner,
yacht and hat-air balloon) and 4477 tour guide licenses have been issued in accordance
with rules and regulations.
There have been 25 foreign investment projects up to the end of the year 2007. Contracts
have also been signed to construct 5190 hotel rooms, worth 931.781 million US dollars.
Moreover, further steps to promote the development of domestic travel service and
international travel service are being taken in cooperation with the neighbouring countries
in the region, Asean travel service and the worldwise travel services.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
The National Commission for Environmental Affairs in cooperation with the United
Nations Environment Protection Agency has compiled the strategic report on constant devel-
opment for national level after consulting with the internal and external resource persons,
technical consultants, departmental and non-govermental technicians.
In order to disseminate knowledge on environmental conservation among the people
and to make them participate in environmental activities, the World Environment Day is
celebrated on 5 June every year and educational activities are carried out. According to the
Montreal Agreement, as the use of CFC will be stopped in 2010, measures have been taken
for purifying the remained CFCs from refrigerators and airconditioners. With the assistance
provided by the United Nations Environment Protection Agency, air-purity tests have been
carried out at the congested areas and the places near industial zones.
Development Affairs
Steps are being taken to raise the living standard of the national people. Roads and
bridges are being constructed in urban and rural areas. Furthermore, irrigation facilities
and river water-pumping projects are under way to ensure an adequate supply of drinking
water and irrigation water. Emphasis has also been placed on keeping every school-age
children at schools in rural areas with the aim of increasing the literacy rate.
Development in the development affairs sector of Myanmar

Urban development
- Urban road miles mile 2971/7 5917/3 2945/4
- granite road mile 198/0 340/2 142/2
- earth road mile 1060/0 2105/5 1045/5
- Urban bridges bridge - 11807 11807
Water supply task
- Town in which tasks to be done town 283 179 179
- completed work work 48 179 131
Rural development
- Rural roads mile 3917/6 31539/5 27621/7
- granite road mile 731/4 2383/5 1652/1
- earth road mile 2092/2 22125/7 20033/5
- Rural bridges bridge - 8276 8276
Rural Water supply tasks
- Village in which tasks to be done village 23225 18545 18545
- completed work work - 27299 27299
- rural housing house -- 3551 3551

The massive foundation of a new golden land has been laid with the mighty force of
national unity. The Government has extended a warm invitation to all the people living on
the same land and partaking water from the same source to walk along the correct path
towards the common goal. Since the return of the 17 armed groups to the legal fold, the
Government has launched a comprehensive border areas and national races development
drive to make all the regions enjoy perpetual peace and prosperity. As the border areas are
achieving more progress, so also the national development drive is gaining more ground, and
helping further consolidate the national solidarity. Now, let us see the table to know the
developments in border areas, the first layer of the foundation of a new golden land.
Development in the border areas and national races affairs sector of

Myanmar
Road and bridge
-Bridge(large,small, suspension) bridge - 78/1017/46 78/1017/46
Health care service
Education
Development in the border areas and national races affairs sector of

Myanmar

Agriculture
-Agriculture office office - 31 31
-Agriculture camp camp - 118 118
-Dam dam - 51 51
Livestock breeding
-Farm farm 19 19
-Veterinary office office - 40 40
-Distribution of cow, donkey, sheep Head - 111 111
Energy
-Generator station - 265 265
-Towns/ village with electricity town - 196 196
- Towns/ village with hydel power town - 17 17
Public relations
Mining
- Ruby karat - 249280.26 249280.26
-Saphire piece - 507.70 507.70
Communications
-Post office office - 52 52
-Telegraph service service - 45 45
-Telephone service - 87 87
-Funds of PBANRDA kyat (in million) - 56838.52 56838.52
-Funds of ministries kyat (in million) - 105068.35 105068.35
Roads and Bridges

The Tatmadaw Government is building roads and bridges one after another across
the nation. Relevant ministries gave a helping hand to this drive. Tatmadaw engineering
unit also constructed bridges linking one region and the other. As a result, a network of
transport has been created throughout the Union. Well-wishers also contributed to this
road and bridge construction. The table shows roads and bridges emerging in the time of
the Tatmadaw Government.
Bridges mushrooming of Myanmar

Above 180 feet bridges bridge 745 1236 491
- construction bridge 198 407 209
- Myanma Railways bridge 547 735 188
- military engineers bridge - 11 11
- electric power bridge - 2 2
- border area development bridge - 78 78
- regional development
(Myainggyingu) bridge - 3 3
Under-180 feet bridges bridge 8408 35832 27424
- construction bridge 3305 5385 2080
- Myanma Railways bridge 5103 9347 4244
- border area development bridge - 1017 1017
- urban bridge - 11807 11807
- rural bridge - 8276 8276
Motor road (miles) mile 6783/5 15461/4 8676/7
- construction mile 5543/0 9296/2 3753/2
- border area development mile - 131/3 131/3
- urban mile 945/5 2317/2 1371/5
- rural mile 295/0 1483/5 1188/5
- other department/organization mile - 2233/0 2233/0
Metalled road (miles) mile 3160/1 11745/5 8585/4
- urban mile 768/2 1153/6 385/4
- rural mile 822/7 5549/3 4726/4
Gravel road (miles) mile 4557/5 6072/1 2171/3
- construction mile 3628/0 2971/2 upgrading
- urban mile 198/0 340/2 142/2
- rural mile 731/4 2383/5 1652/1
Earth road (miles) mile 6047/2 33156/6 27109/4
- urban mile 1060/0 2105/5 1045/5
- rural mile 2092/2 22125/7 20033/5
Human Resources
Measures are being taken to develop human resources in all the spheres, especially
in education, health, science and technology. In this process, the Union Nationalities
Development University, Capacity Enhancement Degree Colleges, youth development
training schools and other Parahita (Kyar) Schools were opened in rural areas.
Training is provided to widen the knowledge of agriculture, livestock and fisheries.
To ensure the emergence of marine scientists, marine universities were also opened.

Now is the time when efforts are being made to turn the country into a new state.
Imminent are the border areas and national races development project, the greening project,
the 24-zone development project, and the rural development project. Now, all the regions
in the country are getting prosperous.
These achievements are accounted for consolidated strength among the State, the
people and the Tatmadaw. The history of Myanmar is now bright with the age of solidar-
ity.
It is worth making a pledge that the time has come to march to a more consolidated
new golden State.
Development of the Information and Public Relations of Myanmar


- IPRD offices office - 398 398
- IPRD libraries library 102 366 264
- departmental libraries library 9 821 812
- rural library library - 55755 55755
- Daily daily - 3 3
- Sub-printing house* house - 8 8
* Mandalay, Myitkyina, Lashio, Magway, Kalay, Taunggyi, Kengtung, Sittway,

National Developement Comparison 1988 and After

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National Developement Comparison 1988 and After

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Our Three Main National Causes

Non-disintegration of the Union - Our Cause

Four political objectives

Third Printing 277

Putting on record significant developments and endeavours of a country and

National Convention Convening Work Committee Chairman signs in the book of

AD 1st Century … The Pyus founded city states in Beikthanoe, Hanlin,

Towards new golden land of

Chairman of the State Peace

Senior General Than Shwe

greets the delegates to

USDA Annual General Meeting (2007)

at the dinner at Bayintnaung Yeiktha,

Nay Pyi Taw.

Shweli Bridge Technological University (Myitkyina)

Development in the agriculture sector of Kachin State

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2007 Progress

Development in the agriculture sector of Kachin State

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2007 Progress

Artesian wells Num - 44 44

Livestock and Fishery

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2007 Progress

Extended livestock breeding

- Buffalo head 141627 197113 55486

- Cattle head 206731 281933 75202

- Sheep/goat head 12544 35715 23171

- Pig head 153670 563264 409594

- Chicken head 873413 4021069 3147656

- Duck head 33997 181409 147412

- Turkey, goose, muscovy duck head 37530 47637 10107

Fish and prawn breeding

- Fish breeding pond acre 58 1160 1102

- Bee- hives Num 140 1299 1159

- Honey Production pound 1300 64050 62750

- Pollination Service acre 4206 13700 9494

Development in the forestry sector of Kachin State

Road and Transport

Mogaung Bridge In Kachin State

Shweli Bridge in Kachin State

Development in the transportation sector of Kachin State

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2007 Progress

Development in the transportation sector of Kachin State

- above 5000 ft runway airfield field 4 4 -

- under 5000 ft runway airfield field 3 3 -

Extension of motor road mile 1471/0 1652/4 181/4

- bituminous road mile 160/0 323/3 163/3

- metalled road mile 156/0 480/4 324/4

- gravel road mile 886/0 609/3 upgrading

- earth road mile 269/0 239/2 upgrading

- Above 180 feet bridge 27 45 18

- completed bridge* bridge 27 44 17

- bridge under construction** bridge - 1 1

- Under 180 feet bridge 63 307 244

- completed bridge bridge 63 307 244

Development in the communication sector of Kachin State

Development in the electric power sector of Kachin State

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2007 Progress

Electricity consumption unit (in million) 0.371 17.850 17.479

Maximum power megawatt 0.551 14.045 13.494

- Hydel power plant completed* plant 1 4 3

- Project under implementation** plant - 1 1

- Large Scale (above 10 megawatt) plant - 2 2

-Diesel-used plant plant 12 51 39

*Hydel power plant completed