CHEM 101A TOPIC B SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY

WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO WHEN YOU HAVE FINISHED THIS TOPIC: 1) Identify an ionic compound as soluble or insoluble in water, based on the solubility rules. 2) Know the names and formulas of the six common strong acids, and understand the difference between strong and weak acid behavior in aqueous solution. 3) Predict and write net ionic equations for the following reaction types: a) Acid-base reactions involving OH reacting with a strong or a weak acid. b) Acid-base reactions involving NH3 reacting with a strong or a weak acid. c) Precipitation reactions, including reactions of NH3 with metal ions to form insoluble hydroxides. d) Reactions of carbonates and bicarbonates with acids. e) Reactions of insoluble oxides and hydroxides with acids. 4) Determine any one of the molarity of a solution, the mass of solute, and the volume of solution, given the other two. 5) Solve dilution problems. 6) Carry out material balances for reactions in aqueous solution. READING ASSIGNMENT: Chapter 4: sections 4.1 through 4.9. (We will not cover redox reactions in Chem 101A.) Supplemental handout: Properties and Reactivity of Inorganic Compounds for Chem 101A RELEVANT PROBLEMS: (these will not be collected and graded, but you are expected to be able to do them) (7th edition): Chapter 4, problems 17, 23, 25, 33, 35, 39, 43, 47, 51 (parts a, b and c), 55, 57, 81, 93 and 101. (6th edition): Chapter 4, problems 15, 17, 19, 25, 27, 31, 35, 39, 43 (parts a, b and c), 47, 49, 71, 83 and 89.

THE REQUIRED HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT STARTS ON THE NEXT PAGE PAGE OF THIS HANDOUT.

TOPIC B HOMEWORK PROBLEMS Warm-up questions 1) a) If you dissolve 5.33 g of solid Mg(NO3)2 in enough water to make 250 mL of solution, what will be the molarity of the resulting solution? b) If you need to make 500 mL of 1.32 M CaCl2, what mass of solid CaCl2 will you need? c) You have 25.0 g of solid NaCl, and you wish to use this to make 0.500 M NaCl. Assuming you use all of the NaCl, what volume of solution will you make? 2) a) If you add 150 mL of water to 100 mL of 0.250 M HCl, what will be the molarity of the resulting solution? b) You have 100 mL of 2.00 M HNO3. If you wish to dilute this solution to a final concentration of 0.400 M, what volume of water should you add? c) You need to make 3.00 liters of 0.100 M NaOH by diluting a 2.00 M NaOH solution. What volume of the 2.00 M NaOH should you use, and what volume of water should you add to it? 3) A bottle is labeled 0.10 M Na2SO4. a) What solutes are actually present in this solution? b) What is the molar concentration of each solute? c) If the bottle contains 50.0 mL of solution, how many millimoles of each solute does it contain? 4) All of the compounds below dissolve in water. Which of them are strong electrolytes? a) NaCl b) Mg(NO3)2 c) AgF d) MgCrO4 e) H3PO4 f) H2SO4 g) C2H6O h) HC3H5O3 5) Using the solubility rules, determine which of the following compounds are insoluble in water. a) K2Cr2O7 b) Mn(NO3)2 c) FeS d) ZnBr2 e) MgSO4 f) NaHCO3 g) Ba3(PO4)2 Average level questions 6) For each of the following mixtures, do the following: 1: Identify the actual solutes that are present in the mixture (before any reaction occurs) 2: Write the formula of any product that forms. If no product will form, write no reaction and skip step 3. 3: Write the net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs, including the state of each substance (s, l, g, or aq). Example: Mixing 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M Pb(NO3)2 1: The actual solutes are Na+, Cl, Pb2+, and NO3 2: PbCl2 will form (because it is insoluble in water) 3: The net ionic equation is Pb2+(aq) + 2 Cl(aq) ! PbCl2(s)

a) Mixing 0.1 M CaCl2 and 0.1 M K3PO4 b) Mixing 0.1 M HNO3 and 0.1 M NaOH c) Mixing 0.1 M Al(NO3)3 and 0.1 M KOH d) Mixing 0.1 M ZnBr2 and 0.1 M CuSO4 e) Mixing 0.1 M HCl and 0.1 M NaHCO3 f) Mixing 0.1 M HI and 0.1 M NH3 g) Mixing 0.1 M Ba(OH)2 and 0.1 M Na2SO4 h) Mixing 0.1 M FeCl3 and 0.1 M NH3 i) Mixing 0.1 M HC2H3O2 and 0.1 M Ba(OH)2 j) Mixing 0.1 M HC6H5O and 0.1 M NaOH k) Mixing 0.1 M H2C4H4O4 (succinic acid) and excess 0.1 M NaOH. (You should write two equations here.) 7) When solutions of BaCl2 and K2CrO4 are mixed, a bright yellow precipitate forms. Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction that occurred. 8) Write the net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when each of the following insoluble compounds is mixed with excess 6 M HCl. Be sure to include the state of each substance. a) Mg(OH)2 b) CuO c) Al(OH)3 d) Cr2O3 9) Carry out material balances for each of the following. a) 5.00 mL of 0.260 M HI is mixed with 4.00 mL of 0.200 M Pb(NO3)2. b) 15.3 mL of 1.50 M HNO3 is mixed with 12.6 mL of 2.00 M KOH. c) 1.45 g of solid Ag2O is mixed with 25.0 mL of 2.00 M HI. The net ionic equation is Ag2O(s) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 I(aq) ! 2 AgI(s) + H2O(l) (For part c, assume that the solution volume remains 25.0 mL.) 10) Fred dissolves 7.50 g of solid K2CO3 in enough water to make 100.0 mL of solution. Jane then adds enough water to the solution to reduce the concentration of potassium ions to 0.250 M. How much water did Jane add? 11) Gerardo dissolves 12.65 g of solid Al(NO3)3 in enough water to make 200.0 mL of solution. Marciela then adds enough solid Mg(NO3)2 to increase the concentration of nitrate ions to 1.000 M. Assuming that the solution volume does not change significantly, what mass of Mg(NO3)2 did Marciela add? 12) Chantelle dissolves 2.35 g of KCl, 3.12 g of MgCl2, and 1.88 g of CrCl3 in enough water to make 150 mL of solution. What is the molarity of chloride ions in this solution? 13) You have 25.0 mL of 0.287 M AgNO3 solution. What is the minimum volume of 0.131 M Na3PO4 solution that you must add in order to remove all of the silver ions from the solution? 14) A solution contains an unknown concentration of chloride ions. When 10.00 mL of this solution is mixed with 10.0 mL of 1 M AgNO3, 0.877 g of AgCl is formed. Calculate the molarity of chloride ions in the original solution.

15) A solution contains an unknown concentration of citric acid, H3C6H5O7. A 15.73 mL portion of this solution is placed in a flask and titrated with 0.121 M NaOH. The endpoint is reached when 23.44 mL of the NaOH solution have been added. Calculate the molarity of the citric acid solution. Note that citric acid is triprotic (it contains three ionizable hydrogen atoms). Challenging problems 16) If you put some solid CaCO3 into a beaker of water and slowly add HCl solution, stirring vigorously the whole time, the CaCO3 gradually dissolves. As the last of the CaCO3 dissolves, bubbles begin to form, and if you continue to add HCl, you observe steady, constant bubble formation. a) Write a net ionic equation that explains why the CaCO3 dissolves. b) Write a net ionic equation that explains why the mixture bubbles. 17) A chemist wants to determine the molarity of a CuSO4 solution. She carries out the following reactions: Reaction 1: The chemist mixes 12.50 mL of the CuSO4 solution with excess 0.1 M KI solution. The chemical equation for this reaction is: 4 KI(aq) + 2 CuSO4(aq) ! 2 CuI(s) + I2(aq) + 2 K2SO4(aq) Reaction 2: The chemist adds 0.0816 M Na2S2O3 to the mixture from reaction 1, and the following reaction occurs: 2 Na2S2O3(aq) + I2(aq) ! Na2S4O6(aq) + 2 NaI(aq) It requires 14.55 mL of the Na2S2O3 solution to consume all of the I2 formed in the first reaction. Using this information, calculate the molarity of the original CuSO4 solution. 18) When solid MgCO3 is added to 3 M H2SO4, the solid bubbles vigorously and eventually dissolves completely. When solid BaCO3 is added to 3 M H2SO4, the solid also bubbles vigorously, but it does not appear to dissolve at all. Explain this difference. 19) All of the first-row transition elements (Sc through Zn) form water-soluble compounds with bromine. Some of these compounds have the general formula MBr2 and the others have the formula MBr3. A 0.654 g sample of an unknown compound containing a first-row transition metal and bromine is dissolved in water. When excess 0.1 M AgNO3 is added to this solution, a precipitate forms. The precipitate weighs 1.263 g. Using this information, identify the unknown compound. 20) A solution contains one or more of the following anions: Cl, SO42, PO43, and NO3. A chemist carries out the following experiments on this solution: Experiment 1: The chemist adds 0.1 M Ba(NO3)2 to this solution, and a precipitate forms. Experiment 2: The chemist removes all of the solid precipitate from the mixture in experiment 1, and then adds 0.1 M AgNO3 to the remaining solution. No precipitate forms. Experiment 3: The chemist adds 0.1 M Mg(NO3)2 to a fresh portion of the original solution, and no precipitate forms.

Based on these results, tell which anions are definitely present in the original solution, which anions, which anions are definitely absent from the original solution, and which anions cannot be determined. Explain your answer.