DICOTS 1.

Malvaceae Mallow Family (Hibiscus, cotton) shrubs or herbs with mucilaginous sap leaf: simple, alternate, stipulate superior ovary flower: solitary or inflorescence (usually cyme or raceme) Rutaceae Citrus or Rue Family (Citrus) with aromatic oil glands in the leaves usually shrubs or trees flower: solitary or inflorescence (usually cyme, rarely raceme) superior ovary fruit: hesperidium Mimosaceae Mimosa Family (makahiya, ipil-ipil, Acacia) trees or shrubs, few are herbs leaf: stipulate, mostly bipinnate inflorescence: head (sometimes spike or raceme) flower: regular, bisexual superior ovary fruit: legume/pod Caesalpiniaceae Cassia Family (caballero, alibangbang, sampalok) trees, shrubs, or herbs leaf: stipulate, usually alternate, pinnate or bipinnately compound (rarely simple as in alibangbang) flower: bisexual, irregular (caesalpinaceous), rarely solitary inflorescence: usually raceme or spike (rarely corymb) superior ovary fruit: legume/pod Papilionaceae Pea or Bean Family (peanut, mongo, other beans) herbs, shrubs or trees leaf: stipulate, simple or pinnately compound or palmate or trifoliate; usually alternate flower: bisexual, irregular (papilionaceous) inflorescence: usually raceme, head or spike (sometimes flowers are solitary) superior ovary fruit: usually a legume/pod Cucurbitaceae Gourd Family (ampalaya, cucumber, upo, patola, watermelon, melon) tendril-bearing herbs flower: unisexual inflorescence: cyme (some members have solitary flowers) inferior ovary fruit: usually a pepo Rubiaceae Coffee or Madder Family (coffee, santan, doa aurora, Gardenia) herbs, shrubs or trees leaf: simple, opposite or whorled, stipulate flower: regular, gamopetalous, bisexual inflorescence: cyme inferior ovary Compositae/Asteraceae Sunflower Family (Chrysanthemum, Dahlia, sunflowers, daisy, mums, lettuce) usually herbs, some are shrubs, few are trees leaf: usually alternate, sometimes opposite, rarely whorled inflorescence: head inferior ovary fruit: achene (specifically cypsela)

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9. Apocynaceae Dogbane Family (adelfa, kalachuchi, periwinkle, yellow bell) plants with milky sap leaf: exstipulate, simple, opposite or whorled flower: complete, regular superior ovary (inferior in kalachuchi)

10. Solanaceae Potato or Nightshade Family (Capsicum, tomato, potato, tobacco, eggplant) herbs or shrubs (rarely trees) leaf: simple, alternate (pinnately compound in tomato and potato) flower: bisexual, regular, gamopetalous inflorescence: cyme (some members have solitary flowers) superior ovary fruit: usually a berry, or capsule 11. Anacardiaceae Cashew Family (mango, cashew, pistachio nut, poison ivy) trees or shrubs leaf: simple or pinnately compound, alternate flower: regular inflorescence: panicle superior ovary fruit: usually a drupe 12. Euphorbiaceae Spurge Family (Jatropha, Acalypha, san Francisco, poinsettia, cassava, castor bean) herbs, shrubs or small trees leaf: mostly simple, alternate, stipulate flower: unisexual, regular inflorescence: highly variable from raceme, spike, cyme (or even solitary flowers) superior ovary fruit: capsule, sometimes drupe 13. Lamiaceae Mint Family (Coleus, thyme, basil, mint, rosemary, sage) aromatic herbs or shrubs with square stems leaf: simple, opposite, exstipulate flower: complete, irregular (bilabiate) inflorescence: often cyme superior ovary 14. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus or Pigweed Family (Amaranthus) mostly herbs leaf: simple, alternate or opposite, exstipulate flower: regular, bisexual inflorescence: spike, head, raceme (or flowers are solitary) superior ovary MONOCOTS 1. Orchidaceae Orchid Family (Cattleya, Dendrobium, Vanda, other orchids) herbs leaf: simple, alternate (rarely opposite) flower: bisexual, irregular (orchidaceous) inflorescence: variable from raceme, spike, or panicle (some with solitary flowers) inferior ovary fruit: usually a capsule Alliaceae/Liliaceae Lily Family (Aloe, Asparagus, Sansevieria, onion, garlic, lily) herbs with bulbs, corms or rhizomes leaf: simple flower: regular, bisexual (rarely unisexual) superior ovary fruit: capsule or berry
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3. Arecaceae/Palmae Palm Family (coconut, nipa, anahaw) shrubs or trees leaf: palmate or pinnate, usually large flower: regular inflorescence: panicle or spadix superior ovary fruit: berry or drupe Araceae Arum Family (gabi, Dieffenbachia) rhizomatous or tuberous herbs leaf: often heart-shape, broad inflorescence: spadix superior ovary (rarely inferior) fruit: berry Cyperaceae Sedge Family (sedges) herbs with triangular stems (solid stems) leaf: grass-like, three-ranked, with closed sheath inflorescence: spikelet, usually arranged in racemes, panicles, spikes, or umbels superior ovary fruit: achene or nut Poaceae/Gramineae Grass Family (grasses, corn, rice, bamboo, sugarcane) herbs (rarely woody shrubs or tree-like) with round, jointed stems (with hollow internodes) leaf: simple, alternate, two-ranked, with open sheath flower: irregular inflorescence: spikelet, usually arranged in spikes, racemes, or panicles superior ovary fruit: grain/caryopsis Musaceae Banana Family (banana, abaca, false bird-of-paradise) giant herbs appearing like trees leaf: very large, alternate flower: unisexual, irregular inflorescence: fascicle inferior ovary fruit: berry, capsule or schizocarp

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