The Production and Quality of Pasture which is Introduced with Legume for Dairy Goat

Karti, P.D.M.H., L. Abdullah, D.A. Astuti,., N. Kurniaty, & Nissa Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java. 16680. Indonesia pancadewi_fapetipb@yahoo.com

The first Asia Dairy Goat Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (9-12 April 2012)

Introduction
Potential benefit of pasture which is introduce with legume are : 1. legume fix atmospheric nitrogen 2. legumes are generally of higher quality than grasses 3. legume help to stabilize the uniformity of pasture.

The first Asia Dairy Goat Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (9-12 April 2012)

Excellent quality of forages could get the best milk production of goats.
Feeding of legume forage species will increase compliance the protein need of dairy goats

The first Asia Dairy Goat Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (9-12 April 2012)

Mineral uptake such as N, P, Ca can increase the quality of forage (Karti, 2010). There is a problem in pasture research unit consists of a single type of grass (Brachiaria humidicola)

The purpose of this research is to study the introduction of legume on Brachiaria humidicola pasture for diary goat

The first Asia Dairy Goat Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (9-12 April 2012)

Material and Method

The materials used were pasture of B humidicola, three kinds of legumes, i.e. Pueraria javanica, Centrosema pubescens and Calopogonium mucunoides, NPK fertilizer, manure and Soil Potential Microorganism. Their was obtained from Agrostology Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University. The experiment used block randomized design with eight (8) treatmens and four (4) replications.

Material

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The first Asia Dairy Goat Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (9-12 April 2012) The treatments were : P1: Control (Pasture of Brachiaria humidicola), P2: Pasture is introduced with Pueraria javanica, Centrosema pubescens and Calopogonium mucunoides and fertilized with NPK), P3: Pasture is introduced with P. javanica, P4: Pasture is introduced with C. pubescens, P5: Pasture is introduced with C. mucunoides, P6: Pasture is introduced with P. javanica and C. pubescens, P7: Pasture is introduced with P. javanica and C. mucunoides P8: Pasture is introduced with P. javanica, C. pubescens and C. mucunoides.

P3 until P8 used NPK half doses, manure and soil potential microorganism.

The first Asia Dairy Goat Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (9-12 April 2012)

Parameters observed were DM Production, N, P, K, Ca, Mg Uptake, Dry Matter Digestability Coefisient (DMDC), Organic Matter Digestability Coefisient (OMDC), Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), Amonia (NH3)
The data were analyzed with analysis of variance and the differences between treatments were analyzed with analysis of Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

The first Asia Dairy Goat Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (9-12 April 2012)

Results and Discussion

Table 1. Effect of the Introduction of legumes on DM Production, N, P, K, Ca, Mg Uptake of Plant

Treatments P1 P2 DM Prod (g/0.25 m2) 37.5 d 110.7 c Uptake of plant (mg/0.25 m2)

N
80.5c 116.2 c

P
6.1 c 18.8 ab

K
73.9 d 210.3 bc

Ca
18.2 d 32.1 d

Mg
31.9bc 28.8 c

P3
P4 P5 P6 P7 P8

171.2 a
108.5 c 171.8 a 148.0 b 175.2 a 156.6 b

287.7 a
213.8 b 235.3 ab 192.5 b 268.1 a 223.9 a

20.6 a
14.1 b 20.6 ab 14.8 ab 19.3 a 12.5 bc

313.4 a
150.9 c 307.4 ab 156.9 c 271.6 ab 230.2 b

73.6 b
69.5 c 70.4 b 57.7 c 94.6 a 86.1 a

51.4 a
24.9 c 37.8 ab 44.4ab 52.6 a 32.9 bc

Description:: The treatments were P1: Control (Pasture concist of Brachiaria humidicola), P2: B. humidicola with Pueraria javanica, Centrosema pubescens and Calopogonium mucunoide,s with fertilize of NPK), P3: B. humidicola with P.javanica, P4: B. humidicola with C. Pubescens, P5: B. humidicola with C. mucunoides, P6: B. humidicola with P. javanica and C. Pubescens, P7: B. humidicola with P. javanica and C. mucunoides, P8: B. humidicola with P. javanica, C. pubescens and C. Mucunoides.. uperscript differently on the different of column showed significant differences (P <0.05).

The first Asia Dairy Goat Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (9-12 April 2012)

Production of dry matter, P and K uptake was significantly increased which is introduce with legume (P2-P8) as compared with P1.
Production of dry matter in treatment with half doses of inorganic fertilizer, manure and potential microorganisms (P3, P5, P6, P7, P8) were significantly higher than just using inorganic fertilizer (P2).
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The first Asia Dairy Goat Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (9-12 April 2012)

Uptake of N, Ca on treatment with half doses of inorganic fertilizer, manure and potential microorganism (P3-P8) were significantly higher than only using inorganic fertilizer (P2). Uptake of Mg from P3, P7 were significantly higher than P1, P2, P4. The best treatments P7, followed by P3. P5, P8 for the production of dry matter and mineral uptake (Table 1)
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Table 2. Effect of the Introduction of legumes on Dry Matter Digestability Coefisient (DMDC), Organic Matter Digestability Coefisient (OMDC), Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), Amonia (NH3)
Treatments DMDC (%) P1 43.30 2.99c Variables OMDC(%) 47.21 2.72 VFA (mM) 82.65 37.18b NH3 (mM) 7.87 2.51c

P2
P3

57.20 1.31a
52.52 3.53b

55.87 1.26
51.50 3.53

153.04 1.07a
108.29 30.04b

16.51 2.41a
13.36 3.64b

P4
P5 P6 P7 P8

56.37 2.53a
54.33 2.49a 54.34 4.13a 53.90 2.89a 54.08 2.42a

54.33 2.45
53.07 2.48 53.92 3.91 52.77 3.80 52.10 2.53

108.27 35.86b
141.40 51.24a 87.25 17.58b 131.04 29.88a 116.69 33.17a

13.74 2.48b
12.72 2.49b 15.90 1.65a 15.06 4.74a 14.91 2.99a

Description:: The treatments were P1: Control (Pasture concist of Brachiaria humidicola), P2: B. humidicola with Pueraria javanica, Centrosema pubescens and Calopogonium mucunoide,s with fertilize of NPK), P3: B. humidicola with P.javanica, P4: B. humidicola with C. Pubescens, P5: B. humidicola with C. mucunoides, P6: B. humidicola with P. javanica and C. Pubescens, P7: B. humidicola with P. javanica and C. mucunoides, P8: B. humidicola with P. javanica, C. pubescens and C. Mucunoides.. uperscript differently on the different of column showed significant differences (P <0.05).

The first Asia Dairy Goat Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (9-12 April 2012)

Introduction of legume on B humidicola pasture (P2P8) was signifficantly different (P <0.05) increase digestibility of dry matter, VFA and NH3, while digestibility of organic matter was the same among the treatment.

The treatment which combination of NPK fertilizers with manure and potential microorganism (P7, P8, and P5) were significantly different (P<0.05) increase digestibility of dry matter, VFA, and NH3 as compared with Control (Table 2). BACK

The first Asia Dairy Goat Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (9-12 April 2012)

Total VFA that yield in this study about 82.65 153.04 mM, is sufficient for the optimal growth of rumen microorganism.
Total VFA from single feed with legume browse plant was higher than legume browse mix with grass (Astuti, et al., 2011).
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The first Asia Dairy Goat Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (9-12 April 2012)

According to McDonald et al. (2002), the range of NH3 optimal concentration to synthesize the rumen microorganisms protein was 6 21 mM. The NH3 that yield from protein fermentation on the experimental was in optimal range for the growth of diary goat and not excessive.
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The first Asia Dairy Goat Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (9-12 April 2012)

Conclusion
The introduction of legume on B humidicola pasture increased dry matter production, mineral uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), digestibility of dry matter, VFA and NH3 (P3-P8),.

Dry matter production, mineral uptake in treatment with half doses of inorganic fertilizer, manure and potential microorganisms (P3-P8) were higher than only using inorganic fertilizer (P2) and Control (P1).

The first Asia Dairy Goat Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (9-12 April 2012)

Treatment of P7, P8, P2 and P5 increased DM digestibility, VFA, NH3 was compared with control.
The best treatments in this research were P7 (B. humidicola pasture with P. javanica and C. mucunoides) and followed by P8 (B. humidicola pasture with P. javanica, C. pubescens and C. mucunoides).