Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2013
Table of Contents
ABSTRACT:..................................................................................................................................................... 4 BACKGROUND: .............................................................................................................................................. 4 INTRODUCTION: ..................................................................................................................................... 5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:................................................................................................................. 10 REFERENCES: ........................................................................................................................................ 12
ABSTRACT:
Computers have become an important necessity for the pharmacist over the past decade who is engaged in drug information services, patient counseling etc so as to satisfy patient queries related to medicines including toxic effects, adverse drug reactions, and drug interactions and also about the disease, disorder, acute syndrome or new innovative therapies. The field of pharmacy is immensely benefited by the use of computer and it will continue to do so. The role of computers in hospital and clinical pharmacy is diversified. They help in patient record management, entry of medication errors, drug therapy monitoring, purchasing and inventory control, patient medication profile etc. Further development in computer technology will enable the pharmacist to discover new drugs for the complete care of dangerous of diseases like aids, cancer etc. and reduce the cost of production of drugs for diseases which are easily cured. Various hardware and softwares have been developed without which drug discovery, designing, manufacturing and analyzing would become virtually impossible. Computer and computer programs are also aid in utilizing drug information. Thus, there are numerous applications of computer in clinical and hospital pharmacy and computers have become a necessary solution for optimizing patient care.
KEY WORDS:
Computers, drug information, softwares, hospital pharmacy, clinical pharmacy
BACKGROUND:
Utilization of computers in hospitals and clinical pharmacies started in United States in 1960s and has shown fast growth in 1980s. Different researches and studies have been conducted over the period of years to highlight the applications and beneficence of computers in hospital and clinical pharmacy and have contributed in further advancement in the use of computers in hospital and clinical pharmacy. With the passage of time the practice of using computers has gained considerable priority and have ease the pharmacists job. In this study weve focused the importance of computers in clinical and hospital pharmacist life.
A complete search of drug information is necessary for the clinical pharmacist so as to satisfy the queries about pharmacology, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, toxicology etc. This job of searching can be simplified by using computers. In 1964, National Library of medicine created a computerized medical information retrieval system MEDLARS (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System). In 1971, they developed a fast working system MEDLINE (Medlars On-Line). (Paradkar, 2008)
The computer can be effectively used for purchasing and inventory control in the hospital pharmacy as maintenance of perpectual inventory control, Maintaining the inventory records, calculation of inventory, automatic updating of the price, evaluation of demand. (Yadav, 2007) (Richard, 2006) Whenever an item is added to stock or removed from stock, immediately the position of stock can be updated by computer. This operation of computer is intimately linked to other operations such as receipt of goods, dispensing of goods, billing of goods, returns of goods etc. For annual auditing of pharmacy department, records of numerous items are required to be typed laboriously. This can be overcome by use of computer through perpectual inventory control and these records can be made ready for inspection at any time when needed. The computer can be effectively use whenever there are changes in the prices of items recorded. The patient billing is a time consuming but important activity for the hospital pharmacy and its accounting department. The pharmacy department must assure that all drugs leaving the pharmacy are billed to the appropriate patients account. The computer system automatically charges the patient all medications and IV solutions ordered.
Computer systems in hospital pharmacy assure that patients coming in the pharmacy, their record database are continually updated to reflect the current status of them. The computer enables the pharmacist to gather other information such as present diagnosis, allergies, weight, height and any other special note about the patient. Computers also are very helpful in entering medication orders of the patient which directly ease out the pharmacists job and decrease the workload. The computers also aid in preparing labels as required. For this purpose different softwares and hardwares have been developed by the engineers that enable the pharmacist to find out the desired information in less than a fraction of a minute. A complete knowledge of drug information is necessary for the clinical pharmacist so as to satisfy the queries of the patient. This job can be simplified by the use of computers. Apart from information on retrieval, computers can also be utilized in other ways to obtain drug information in hospitals. Management information systems in the hospitals can be managed by computer. The information system has two main components: a) Information necessary for drug distribution b) Pharmacy management information
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REFERENCES:
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