NCM 1O1 LECTURE (MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING)

1. Amnion
2. Chorion- outermost layer

Placenta - also known as secundines

- Formed with deciduas basalis and chorionic villi
- 15-28 cotyledons
- 15-20 cm in diameter and 2-3 cm in depth
Functions:
a. Respiratory
b. GIT
c. Renal
d. Production of Enzyme
Pinocytosis- transport of virus ( IgG provides passive natural immunity and viruses are
the only substance that passes placenta via this process.

Common Mechanism occurring in the placenta:

i. Simple Diffusion (oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange) – from higher
concentration to the lower concentration
ii. Facilitated Diffusion (glucose transport)
iii. Active Transport (Amino acids, water soluble vitamins, folic acid, iron, vit. C,
iodine.
Water Soluble Vitamins:
Vitamin B Complex
B-1 : Thymine
B-2 : Riboflavin
B-3: Niacin
B-6: Pyridoxine
B-12: Cobalamine
Vitamin C
Folic Acid
1. Maternal
2. Fetal Side – amnion give a white and shining appearance to the fetal side

Defects in the Placenta

-breaks in placenta membranes, allow passage of molecules from mother to fetus such as
the placenta.

Abnormalities of Placenta:

1. Multiple Placenta
a. Placenta bipartitial – not completely divided into two lobes
b. Placenta duplex – completely divided into two lobes
2. Centaviet Placenta – having an accessory lobe with a blood vessels connected on it.
3. Ring Shaped – associated with fetal growth retardation.
4. Fenestrated Placenta- central placenta of the maternal side is missing
5. Extrachorial Placenta
a. Circumvallate Placenta – fetal surface has a central depression surrounded by a
thickened and a white-grayish ring.
b. Circummarginate Placenta- a white grayish ring is located at the margin of the
placenta.
6. Large Placenta – this is seen in syphilis in erythroblasts fetalis.
i. Erythroblastosis- insufficient number of oxygen in the RBC
7. Placenta Acreta – there is deep attachment of placenta to myometrium
8. Placenta Increta- placental invasion in the myometrium
9. Placenta Percreta – Placental attachment to surrounding organs of the uterus such as
bladder.
10.Placentitis/ Chorioamnionitis – signs and symptoms (fever and chills, uterine
tenderness, leukocytosis)