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IV.

Pathophysiology
Modifiable Factors > sedentary lifestyle > high intake of fats and cholesterol > low fiber intake > being overweight > alcohol consumption supersaturation of bile with cholesterol and calcium

Non-modifiable Factors: > Female > 52 years old

precipitation of solute from solution and become crystals crystals come together and fuse to become calculi passes thru the bile duct causing obstruction

gallstones

abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant pain scale: 9/10

cholelithiasis

choledocholithiasis

biliary colic

distention of the gallbladder

obstructive jaundice

venous & lymphatic drainage are impaired

localized cellular infiltration yellowish discoloration of eyes and skin

proliferation of bacteria

ischemia

cholecystitis

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