DICTIONARY

01'
LATIN SYNONYMES,
Foa TRI!: U.JI: 01'
SCHOOLS AND PRIVATE STUDENTS,
WITH A COMPLETE INDEX.
By LEWIS RAMSHORN.
!,ROIll TBE GERlIlAN,
By FRANCIS LIEBER.
BOSTON,
CHARLES C. LITTLE AND JAMES nn,OWN.
1841.
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Entered according lo Act of CongreH, In tbe yeu one tbouBand eight
hundred and thirty-nine, by FRANCIS LIEBER, in the Clerk's Office of
the Dislrict Court for the District of l\Iassacbusetts.
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CAMBRIDGE.
ITIlBEOTTPED Al'fD PBINTBD BY
FOLSOM, WELLS, AND TBVRSTO!'f,
PRINTrllS TO TRE Ul'IVERSlTT .
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!! PREF AOE OF THE TRANSLATOR.
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. THE author oC the presettt work published, a Cew
years ago, a book, the whole title of which 1 will
here give in translation, because it indicates some of
its important features. It is, "Latin Synonymics,
upon the Basis of 8ynonymea La-
tina, recast and augmented, by L. Ramshorn j as a
new Edition oC the Universal Latin Syllonymes of
Ernesti."- names of Ernesti and Gardin-Dumes-
nil, the latte/i1twhom published the first edition of his
Syoonymes in 1777, are well known to aU acquaint-
ed with the modero history of philology. Upon . the
works of these two scholar., then, Dr. Ramshorn,a
distinguished philologer aod practical teacher in Ger-
many, has built his own, oddiog from the rich
ures of the science of Ianguages, so abundant in
his country. Oomparative philology aod etymologic
koowledge, now zealously and successfully cultivated
io Germany, form a science which exhibits to us
order, organic connexion, depth of meaning, aod pro-
gressive developcment, where before disorder, dis-
joiotedness, caprice, or a barbarolls want of perception
seemed to exist, in so great and vast a sphere, embrac-
iv
PREFACE.
ing many tribes and generations, that the scholar who
enters deeper and deeper into this comprehensive
system, extending ovar Asia and Europe, ancient and
modero, feels as we may imagine one to feel, who
beholds the firmament for the first time after being
informed, that a11 its glittering hosts move in order,
and according to the wisest principIes. Neither the
prEltiellt cultivation of this branch of philologic knowl-
edge, nor that of any: other, appertaining to the study
of antiquity, has been without its due influence in
the composition of the abovementioned work, which
makes it, in my opinion, a production of singular
merito My friends agreed with me, that an abridg-
ment, adapted to our schools and colleges, would sup-
plya want which has long been felt by those who
instruct in Latin. So soon, therefore, as 1 became ac-
quainted with the fact, that Dr. Ramshorn himself had
prepared a "school edition" of his work, 1 resolved
to translate it into English. 1 have done so, and feel
convinced, provided 1 have performed my task with
any degree of Buccess, that few works can be offered
to a11 who study or promote the study of antiquity,
more welcome than this. Had 1 not felt convinced
of this fact, 1 should nCf have undertaken it j for
translating is an irksome occupation, and 1 will
frankly own, that, occupied as my mind was, at the
same time, with labors far more congenial, 1 was
once we11 nigh giving IIp my purpose. 1 remembered,
however, what Oicero says of Brutus: "Quidquid
vult, valde vult';" and resolved, in my limited sphere,
not to remain behind the Roman. If, therefore, the
reader is of a peculiarly charitable disposition, the
PREFACE.
v
merit oC patience is aH 1 claim, or can possibly claim,
at his hands.
In a few instances, where it was impossible to
express the precise abade oC meaning, conveyed by
the Latin term, by a corresponding English yord,
or even by a paraphrase, I have given a German or
French word, jf these languages furnished an exact
counter-term ; but, as I have in no case done so w ~
out trying, to the best of my ability, to approaeh as
near as possible to the sense of the Latin by EngIish
words, I hope 1 shall not be bIamed by the critico
My own additions, chiefiy relating to the English
idiom, are so few, that, successfuI or not, they can-
not be considered as in any degree ,aft"ecting the
merits of the work. Clearness, that is, the most ex-
aet .expression oC the peculiar shade of meaning of
the Latin term, has been my ehief aim; 1 have freely
made use, therefore, of English terms, not frequently
employed, of a coHoquial character, or, in sorne cases,
of a bold formation, or of sentences whieh cannot be
considered as elegant, so that 1 obtained my main
object, that is, the nearest possible approximation to
the precise Latin meaning.
That. part at the beginDjng oC this work, which
treats of Latin Terminatioris, will be considered hy
many as containing 1l0W and then views too bold Qr
fanciful. Stlll I did by no means feel allthorized to
omit it, partIy on account of its own merit, which
will be more available however for theteacher than
the pupil; partIy because the allthor refers to it in
the main body of the work. The Index, llnfortll-
nately wanting in many dictiouaries of . modern syn-
onymes, will be found a vcry convenient addition.
vi ~ R E F A C E
Synonyme is a term which denotes various rela-
tions between words. Sorne synonymes stand in the
relation of genus and species to each other, so that
(he specific idea of the one is coil.tained in the generic
idea of the other. Of these Aristotle speaks in his
Categories j others are more accurate terms, furnished
by advancing illtercourse, science or art, or any other
koowledge or skill, for expressions used less definitely
in common life j others designate notions related only
to one another, or which have branched out from
different roots, yet arrive at nearly the same point,
carrying along with them, however, sorne modifica-
tion of the idea, adhering to thero from the original
root j others mean actuallf the same, yet differ in
form j which forro still imparta a difference to them,
in specific cases, ullder the hand of a skilful writer;
for instance, a difference of elegance. Annual and
'!Ieal'ly mean exactIy the same, 1 believe j but a writer
of nice feeling will prefer the one or the other, ac-
cordillg to the circumstance, whether the general
character of his writing roakes the more positive
Saxon, or the more technical Latin element in our
idiom preferable at the time. So do the words besieg-
ing and beleaguering m9D exactly one and the same
thing. Similarly related words are met with in Latin j
, the one of old Latin stock, the other of later introduc-
tion from the Greek. Sorne synonymes become such
simply because 'exactly the same thing is designated
in one part oC a country by one term, in another by
a different one.But there are few instan ces, indeed,
in whieh a word has been adopted by the general
Ianguage ol the cultivated, and has not sooo received,
PREFACE.
vii
or rather formed for itself, a peculiar shade of mean-
ing of its own. Still it ought to be remembered,
that there are actually words which differ simply as to
form or sound, and by which the scholar is strangely
misled, ir he starts with the axiom, that there are
no two words meaning exactly the same thing, in
the same langllage, - an error, it seems, which may
be perceived in far the greater number of works on
synonymes. That there are equivalent words may
be seen at once, if we remember, that some Latin
words end both in is and ttS, without a shadow of
difference in meaning.
The reader will find, that the author has in several
installces grouped together terms which denote ac-
tions or things different in themselves, yet beloog-
ing to one another; at other times, words which
etymologically differ but little, and yet designate
entirely different and frequently opposite things. 1
believe the scholar will thank him for what, in a
work on syllonymes of the author's vernacular tongue,
would appear as a transgression of the strict limits,
drawn by the term synonyme.
As to the quotations 1 have only to remark, that
in many cases in which the explanation given is
entirely sufficient to sho}v the exact force of the
Latin, the quotation exhibits the same terro in a-
slightly different or figurative meaning, and, secondly,
that the na me only of the author from whom the
quotations are taken, has been cited, for the sake of
brevity. The larger work mentioned at the begin-
ning of this preface, contains the entire citat.ions, so
that the reader may rest assured, that the respective
quotation is to be found in the author cited.
viii
PREFACE.
To my young readers, who will not fail to try
their juvenile wit upon the author's peculiar name,
1 wish to remark, that there are no better means
of making ourselves perfectly acquainted with a for-
eign language, and acql1iring a thorough knowledge
of our own, than a careful study of those clusters of
\Yords by which a number of related ideas, a famiIy
of notions, is successfully expl'essed, in a foreign
tongue, yet diff'erently from the mode which onr own
idiom pursues j in the same manuer as there is no
better way of discerning and thoroughly understand-
ing our own advantages or deficiencies, individual
or national, than by a candid comparison of ourselves
with others, b.e this by travelling into other regions
and nations o our own times, Ol into other ages
by studying history.
Columbia, S. C., DeoetPber, 1838.
LATIN TERMINATIONS.
l. A word receives a specific meaning by its termina-
tion or terminal form; and becomes, through it, a part of
speech. This . terminal form, the inftective part in nouns
and verbs, is added to the last sound of the root either im-
mediately, or mediately through a short connecting vowel;
i, more rarely u, e. g. car-o, urb-s; len-iter, serv-Uus, doc-
imentum, also pi-etas; or to the characteristic vowel of an-
otber form; manus, manu-brium; salus, salii.-ber.
2. The root of a word consists generally of a short
syIlable, ending with a consonant; of many Latin words,
however, it is lost, if it has not been preserved in other
aneient languages. That word in which it is preserved with
the least addition, and in its original meaning, is called the
primitivum or original word; the other words derived from
these are called derivata, if they are words formed by a
ehange of form and not by entire composition. These de-
rivata may be denominativa, pronominalia, numeralia, ver-
balia, and adverbialia. The signification of the primitivum
is the base of that of all derivations, but it is greatly modi-
ficd by the various forms.
3. The oldest nominal forms contain the personal pro-
nouns; the others the declensions :
a. The third declension is the oldest on account of the
generality of its forms; for, through them, it designates
only existence and its modifications, and contains most
original words; the monosyl1abic almost exclusively.
b. The first and second distinguish clearly subjeet and
quality, person and thing, and the genera.
c. The fourth declension designates permanent conditions,
as such, and in some, inanimate objects, e. g. acus, arCU6,
corntI.
1
2 Substanti"e Forms. l.
d. The fifth contains only denominations of essential prop
erties, hence only feminine nouns. This is also the
reason why it had, at an early period, many words in
common with the third and first declensions, as quies,
quiei, quie; plebes, plebei, and the long Ablative ter
minations Jame, mole, tabe; farther, materies and mate
ria, &O.
4. In the third declension there are, besides, the mono
eyllabic radical words without form, as lat, sol, ren, lar,
cor, foro
A. Substanti"e Forms.
l. l. S, the general form designating existence,
a. attached to the last radical sound, or fused with it: BUS,
urbs; mas, laus, mors, pa:r:, grez:, nw.
b. with a vowel in nubes, quies; navis, lapis; honos,
custos; lepus,palus.
2. tas, Gen. tiUis, designates quality; tus, Gen. ttis,
property. Juventas is youth diatinguiahable by early years,
delicacy, and blooming beauty; jmentus, youth in ita vigor
and strength, opp. senectus; juventa, the whole age, period of
youth. Senectus, old age as condition of decreasing powers,
but also venerable on account of greater experience ; senecta,
old age as the last period of man's life; s61&ium, old age
with its complaints and burdens, oppressive age. Ventas,
truth as quality; verum, as the True itself.
n. O, as active form;designates in,
1. o, Gen. inis, fem. a thing which eirects that which ia
designated by the original word: Adspergo, the liquid which
bespatters something, makes wet.
o, Gen. j nis, mase. a subject, diatinguiabing itself by tbat
whic!I is expressed by the original word: Capito, naso, one
who has a large head, long nose; opilio (o"B, ooilis), shep-
herd; the numeral nouns: unio (the one-hood, if I were to
make a word, not one-ness, which is unitas), a unit, temio,
a Three; the diminutives: pusio (pusus), a puny little boy,
pumilio (pumilus), a liule dwarf, senecio (sene.t:), an elderly
man, lwmuncio (Jwmo), a little man (manni.kin).
2. io, Gen. anis, fem. intransitive activity, action with-
out transitive eireet upon something else.; communio, com-
munion, as equal participation of several individuals in one
Substantive FONM. n. 3
thing; communitcu, community, as quality of that whicb i8
common among them. Obsidio, siege, active, on the side
of tbe besiegers; obsessio, passive, on the side of the be-
sieged, tbe being besieged; obsidium, tbe besieging of itself:
Dolabella primo sui incessu solvit obsidium. Tac. Colluvio
(luere, lavare, belongs to jluere, pluere, the same root in our
lie), the contlux of all sorts of drains; colluvies, these drains
themselves, drainage.
3. tio, sio, Gen. anis, fem. a supinal form, activity witb
regard to ao object or a suffering, passive subject. Legio,
selection, lectio (legere, lectum), the reading, perusal, tbe act
of reading, inasmucb as it is performed witb a book. Mo-
tio, moticn, which stirs a body; motus, see 3, c. motion, as
tbe state in wbich a body' bappens to be. Largitio, a liberal
present, ur ratber presenting, as action; largitcu, abundance
of gifts. Dignitcu, dignity. Temperies, 3, d. the just prop-
erty of a mixture with reference to the relation hetween its
ingredients; tbe modera te condition of weather; temperatio,
the proper mixture of several ingredients into one mass, the
observing of proper measure in a thing. Offensio (offen-
dere), the knocking against, e. g. pedis, and the offence,
which sorne one takes; hence the cause which produces it,
insult, and angry feeling, attracted from another upon us by
our offending him; offensa, the unpleasurable feeling, arising
out of what is offensive, the offence as active, the insuIt we
offer, we are Wlilty of. Visio, the seeing, the looking at, the
sight as action; visus, the seeing as condition, that is, the not
being blind but being seeing, sense of sight ; visum, that
which is seen, vision in dream.
4. - d o, Gen. di n i s, . fem. with precediug long vowel
(e, i, ), a condition, which represents that which is desig-
nated by tbe original word, as pbenomenon, i. e. as sometbing
appearing: Nigredo (niger) , the condition which makes,
e. g. bair, look raven-black; form;do (forma), tbe seare-
crow; tesldo, tbat whicb has the quality of a testu (an earth.
en, arched cover of a vessel).
5. ludo, Gen. (linis, fem. as supinal form, a property,
whicb represents that wbich is designated by the original
word as existing, condition or state: Dulcedo, sweetness, af-
fec,ting the organs of taste, e. g. mellis, vini; dulcitudo, as
the property of tbe sweet itself: Gustatus dulciludine prater
celeros sensus commovelur. Cic. Asperitas, rolgbness, un-
evenness as quality; cupredo, as property, which makes the

4 .Adjedive Forma. III.
toucbing person feel it j asperitudo, aspritudo, as condition
of that which is rough, e. g. calculi. &rv'tus, the situation
of a slave, slavery j servitudo, the condition of this state, in-
asmuch as it is connected with disgrace, oppression, hard
labor j servitium, slave-service, slave-Iabor, also, collectively,
slaves.
6. - go, Gen. ginis, fem. with preceding long vowel
(a, i, ti), represents the idea expressed by the original word
as property in concreto: VertIgo (vertere), giddiness j laniAgo
(lana), the first wool-like hair of the beard. Salsgo, salsi-
lago, a salt substanee j salsedo, the salt taste of a substance;
salsitudo, the permanent salt property of a thing.
Ill. ORas passive form:
l. or, Gen. oris, masco designates a state, which is er-
fected in the abstraet: Clamor (clamare), the screaming .
.Albedo (albus), the white property of a thing striking the eye;
albugo, the white which adheres, generates somewhere, e. g.
in the eye j albor, the white of the egg, used by later writers
for album or albumen avi. Amarar, the bitter taste, which
is produced by something bitter; amaritas, bitterness as
quality j amaritudo, as natural property. Stupor, the as-
tounding, the state of mental stagnation, also as transitory;
8tupiditas (stupidash want of feeling, of sensitiveness as re-
maining quality.
2. tor, sor, Gen. oris, mas.-trix, Gen. tricis, fem.
supinal form, the effected state, in concreto, i. e. a person,
by whom that which is indicated by tbe original word, has
been performed or is still performing: Victar (vincere, vic-
tum), the victor, victrix, the female victor; funditar (funda),
the slinger; aUtor (olus), the kitchen garuener. Aleo (alea),
the dice-player, as gamesterj aleator, one who makes a pro-
fession oC playing dice.
B. .Adjective Forma.
5. An adjective denominates a quality as a mark pecu-
liar to such objects as are distinguisbable by the same from
others. If the adjective is only applicable to quite a specific
class of objects, or sufficient to designate the peculiar notion
whicb expresses the object, without otber aid, it may stand
in the place of a substantive, and of this kind are aU substan-
tives of the first and second declension. 'fhe adjectives havc
either the adjective form proper, which ndicate marks of
..
Adjeetive Forma. IV.
distinction taken from qualities, or participial forms, which
indicate marks taken from conditions, modes of being.
Those of the third declension have exstence for their funda.
mental notion.
IV. S.
1. s, designating siniply the existence as quality, termino
ates the adjective of the third declension, either directly
added to the original word, e. g. prineeps, reses (sedere),
propes (petere), forward, in advance in the ftight, or with
is, as in lenis. In the othera r changes with s, as in veter,
more commonly vetru; oc the termination is abbreviated,
as in vigil,prtUUl (pra-esse, for pra-siJlis, X, 1.), he who is
in advance, at the head, the superintendent, or director, and
thus consul, exsul; oseen, tibicen (canere). The denomina-
tiva are likew8e subject to this rule, e. g. illunis (luna),
extorris (terra), rebellis (bellum), exsomnis (somnus), and in
bicolor, affinis. exspes, seminex, pernox, in which the adjec-
tive signitication ia effected by mere composition.
2. us, a, um, signifying properties, inasmuch as they are
peculiar to objects, is the fundamental form of adjectives of
the tirat and second declension; thus verus, vivus (vivere),
veridicus (dieere), nauJragus (frangere), honorus (honos),
honorable; superus (super), being aboye, in an upper situ-
ation; nuperus (nuper) late, new; furthermore, commodus,
consonus, and, with changing form, inermis and inermus.
With substantives designates.
a. us, objects of the male sex, according to their nature,
and with prominent masculine qualities, e. g. gallus, nervUI,
ventus; abbreviated is viro
b. a, objects of the female sex and distinguished by fem-
inine qualities; hence aIso ab,tracta: Vacea, lana, pluma;
via, cura.
e. u m, objecta taken as things, and designations taken in
general: Ovum, aurum, pomum, vadum (vadere), a ford.
Sibilus se. sonus, is the hissing sound; sibilum, the hissing.
-] With sorne specitic denominations the gender of the
notion of the genus is imagined, e. g. names of trees
and planta, as alnus, eerasus, fem. seil. arbor; hyuOpus,
papgrus, se. herba; or the action, as with the verbalia
of the third conjugation: seribtJ (scribere), masco the
scribe, indigna (indu-gignere), masco and fem. the
native; and also from other reasons.
1-
6 Atljective FOnM. IV.
3. eus, ius, UU8, fZ, ftm:
eus, a, um, consisting of a substance, being similar to it:
Aureus, golden, like gold; nivewJ of snow, snowwhite.
- tUS, with long penultima, termina tes adjectives formed of
nouns proper: Verrea, Marcellea sc. sacra, feasts canse
cratcd to Verres, &c.
i u s, a, u m, originating from something taken as subject :
Regius, royal, originating from the king, peculiar to him, fit,
proper for him; patrius, pluvius (pluere), anxius (angcre).
uus, a, um, mostly with signifies temporary
continuance of a condition of indennite genus: Circumfiuus
(jlnere) , that which flows around, and that which is surround.
cd by the flowing substance, e. g. amnis, insula; t:lzduus
(clI'dere), that which from time to time is cut down, e. g.
sill'a; occiduus (occidere), that which applooches closer and
c\oser to its end, downfall: Homo labitur occidua per iter
declive senecta. Ovid. occidena, going down, being in tbe
act of going down: Redibamus sole jam fere occiduo, when
the sun was setting; sole occidente, at sunset; oecidemalis,
situaed toward sunset, west.
Substantiva: a. CalcewJ (ea7.v) , laqUewJ (lacere in alli
cere); modius (modus.), the bushel as measure of grain,
genius (gignere); patruus, carduus (carere, carding),
card, thistle.
b. Capea (caper, capa), the chamois, the deer; cavus,
hollow afld a mouse-hole; cavum, a cave; cavea, 186,
the hive, cage ; reliqua, 883, the rest of debts, reliquia,
remans, relics. An adjective proper is laurea (laurus),
se. arbor, frona, corona, the laurel tree, twig, wreath.
Furia (furere), the fury as passion, furor, as e1fect o
this passion; ferocia (ferox), courageousness, aIso spite,
temerity of itself, ferocitas, as quality. Noetua (nox),
the night owl; statua (sistere, sttitum), the statue (stand.
ing image).
e. Biennium, triennium (annus) , a period of two, three
years. Linum, the flax; linea, a line, both as cord and
from it line in math.; lintewJ, linen, adj.; linteum, linen
cloth, a linen cloth ; incendium (incendere), conflagra-
tion ; incensio, tbe lighting, igniting; remigium (reme.r
from renius), the oar apparatus, the oars and their move
ment; also collectively for the oarsmen; remigatio, the
paddling with oars, os action. Pascuum (pascere), pas.
ture, place where catde may obtain food; pastio, inas.
AdjecticB Forma. V.
7
much as toe place gives the food; pastus, where the cat-
tle are fed.
4. v u s, va, v u m, is the termination us after an r: CurtlUS,
bent; tOTvUS, protervus (pro-terere), trampling down before
onc, that is, contemning everytbing, bold,
i v u s, belonging to a distinct kind of enduring conditon or
state: lEstivus, (astas), that which continues in summer,
e. g. mensis, a'vis, castra, a summer-montb, summer-bird,
summer-camp. Cadivus (cadere), e. g. poma cadica sepa-
rare; deciduus, tbat whieh from time to time falls of itself:
elephanti dentes decidui. Plin. Nocivus (nocere), that which
has the quality of injuring, of tbe kind of thase things which
cause injury: Millepeda pecori nociva. Plin. nocuus, inju-
rious, active, that which always causes injury, always tends
to do it; more common noxius, passive, by which we may be
injured: Spina nocuus non Gobius (piscis) ulla. Ovid.
Magistratus nO:Lium civem coerceto. Cic. More frequeot in
the supinal form: Captivus, being in the eondition of captiv-
ity, but captus, he who has been caught, taken prisoner; sa-
tivus (serere), in the condition of being sown, planted : planta
sat-ica, a plant for planting, tempora satit'a, sowing seaSollS;
stativus, standing, of permanent standing: castra stativa;
statarius, acting while standing: miles statarius, who fights
firmly standing.
Substantiva: a. Acervus.-b. Oliva and olea, se. arbor,
tbe olive tree ; se. bacca, the olive (fruit). - c. Olivum,
oleum, oi!; arvum (arare), the field for husbandry;
lixivium (lix), tbe lie (used for making soap).
V. X,- CUS, CA, CUM, belooging to that which is des-
ignated by the original word according to its kind; the
Germao ig, isch; the Ellglish ish, JI; the Greek
l. x, Gen. icis, is only verbal form, sometimes with ac-
tive, sometimes with passive meanng: Fanisex (fanum-
secare), the hay-cutter, mower; resex, that which has been
cut or is cutting; simple.x, duplex (semel, duo-plicare), one-
fold, twojold; pracox, cocs (coquere), 670, (too early
done, ripe); trllx, cis, 122.
cus, ca, cum: Cit,icus, civie (burglterish); corona, civic
crown; jura cvica, citizens' rights, rights which refer to
single eitizens; civili'a, the rights, laws which are in force
in a certuio sta te. Gallus, is the native Gaul; Gallia, his
native country; Gallicus, Gallic (Gaulislt), originated from
8 Adjeetive Forms. V.
Gaul, appertaining to it: Legiones Galliea, consisting of
GaIlic men; Gallieana, stationed in Gaul, or, if they con
sisted of Gauls, as contradistinguished to legiones Romana.
Lubricua (labi), slippery; petulcua (petulare from petere),
that which is apt to knock, or push; hiulcua (hiulare from
hiare) , that which gapes, standlil asunder. As supinal
form: VolatieUl (volare), fteeting (as if it had wings) ; vil
licua, the manager of a villa; villaticua, of the kind of those
things which belong to a villa, e. g. eans. Attached to
other forms: Famelicua (famels from famea), of the kind
of those who suffer hunger. Gracua, Greek; Graeanicus,
Greek.like, e. g. nomen, a Latinized name derived originaIly
from the Greek.
Substantiva: a. Focua (fovere), the hearth; remuleus
(remuls from remus), the pulI of the vessel by oars;
1mbulcua (for bubulicus, from bubulus [bos], cattIe.like,
or rather eattlish), the herdsman, slave for the oxen;
lIubulcua (subulus, inus. from sus), swinehertl.
b. Fabriea, 420, se. ars, the art of a faber, se. ratio, the
manner of working, treating a thing, e. g. aris et ferri;
fabricatio, the artificial, artlike work; maniea (manus),
se. vests, a sleeve covering the hand; rubriea (ruber),
se. terra, linea, red earth, red stone (for drawing, mark.
ing), red cord (i. e. cord or line usad to mark red).
e. Canticum, 170; labrusea, the wild vine, labruscum, its
blossom and its grape.
2. - z, Gen. - ci s, with long penultima, having an un
common inclination to something, and manifesting it: Rap=,
Gen. iieis (rapere), robberlike (robberish); bib=, who, with
8frong inclination to drink, drinks frequently; bibosus, who,
baving the capacity of drinking much, does drink much, a
drunkard; emaz, one who likes to buy, emtor, the buyer.
Feliz, Gen. eis (feo), fecund, successful, hence lucky, hap
py; feroz, Gen. oeis (ferre), 17.-To these belongs as sub
stantive, riidiz (radere, rooting out), the root.
- cua, ea, cum, increases the meaning of V, l. Meriicua
(merus), entirely unmixed; opiiCU8 (ob), shadowy, 165; apri.
cua (aperire), open to !he rays of the sun, sunny; posticua
(post), behind, e. g. ostium; anticua (ante), before; with
changed palatal, antiquus, aneient, old, 832; and, with in
sertad nasal sound, propinquus (prope), 48; eadeus (eade.
re), fral, decayable, 455.
Substantiva: a. UmbiliCUII (umbilis, from umbo, ambi,
Adjective Forms. VI.
9
the German umb, about, around), navel because cent1'e,
and centre because round wbich tbe rest turns, or is
thought to do so. [Navel in German is Nabel, and
the nave of a wbeel Nabe, both the English and Ger-
man referring to tbe same association.] Lumbricus
(lui:::'aris from lumbus, thigh), the entrails, hence tbe
grub, because formed like a piece of entrails.
b. Cloaca (luere), the sewer, and from - x, audiicia, je-
roda; lectica (lectus) , a sedan-chair; lorica (lorum),
sc. vestis, 649; jestuca, a blade; jistca, a ram, raro-
roer (for ramming apile). [Both these words are con-
nected witll the Teutonic jast, jest (firm), the one, to
whicb something is fastened, tbe otber wbich makes
fast.]
3. ceus, icius (not itius) , of the kind, are attached to other
forms, wbich designate a substance or kind: Craticius (era-
tes), consisting of basket-work; latericius (laf.er), of tiles,
bricks; pastorius, peculiar to herdsmen: pellis; pastoricius,
belonging, according to its kind, to such things: Sodalitas
pasto ricia Lupercorum; pastora lis, so constituted as is
usual with herdsmen : pastoralis habitus. As supinal form:
Adventiciu.s (advenire) , of tbe kind of things wbich come
froro foreign countries or by aecident to one, e. g. nomen,
a Greek one, opp. vernaculum, a native one; copia con-
ducta, troops taken into pay; conducticia, belonging to such
paid troops, standing in pay; deditus, devoted; dediticius, of
the kind of those who have voluntarily surrendered thero-
selves; insitivus, in the condition of the engrafted : pirum;
insiticius, of the kind of engrafted things, in contradistinctioD
to those which grow naturaIly from the trunk.
ceus, iicius, icius, ceus, consisting of a specific
substance, only with later writers, e. g. terra argillacea, are-
nacea, Plin. clay, sandy earth; herbeus and herbaceus, grass-
areen; roseus, rose-colored; rosaceus, consisting of roses,
~ g. corona; gllinaceus (not gallineus), of hens, barn-yard
fowls; furnaceus (furnus), e. g. panis, baked in an oven; no
t'icius (novus), a novice (freshman); pannuceus (pannus) ,
ragged.
VI. BS, PIS - BUS, BA, BUM, designates capacity,
capability: Calebs, Gen. libis, 559; volupis (velle) ,
delightful. - Acerbus (acer), astringent, acerb; super-
bus (super), who feels above others, proud. - Substan-
tive: Morbus (mor), sicImess.
10 Adjective Forms. VIL - VIII.
VII. DIS-DUS, DA, DUM, designates a being there in
a high degree, or in quantity:
di s: Rudis, 524; viridis (virere), green; grandis (gra-
num from gro, growing, waxing), that in which appears a
particular growth, large: grandia hordea.
dus, da, dum: Herbidus (herba), covered with grass; her-
bosus, rich in grass; C'rUdus (cruor), rude, crude, uncooked;
puter, putris (putere), decayed, brittle, e. g. g l ~ b a putridus,
full of putrefaction, decay, very brittle: dentes putridi; jlo-
reus (jlos), consisting of 60wers, jloridus, 60wery, rich in
60wers. .
.] Substantiva: Capis, idis (capere), a amall mug with a
handle, lo grasp it; cuspis. - Farda, (ferre), 150.
VIII. R, (Neut. U8) Gen.-ris, RIS- R and ~ RUS,
RA, RUM, provided with that which is expressed by the
original word in a peculiar degree, provided :
l. er, or, ur: Celer, eris (cellere) , 195; acer, acris,
acre (acua), 17; memor, Oris (memini), cicur, ris (belongs
lo cicatri:c fr.om cicare, causing to overgrow), properly in-
grown, tame; also vetus, eris, old veter, 832.
er, ur and erus, a, 14m: M"lSer, miserable; satur (satis),
satisfied; inflrus, superus; also hilaris, older hilarus, 486.
- ter, terus, are used for determining persons, places: Al-
us, another; alter, the other, i. e. the one of two; so mer,
neuter, which, none of the two; interus, exterus, the inner,
the outer one.
Sub8tantiva: a. Jubar, aris, n. 654; vomer, eris, m.
(vomere), ploughshare; cadiiver, n. (cadivus, IV, 4), the
fallen, dead body, corpse; aquor, oris, n. (aquus), the
plain, even surface; vultur, tiris, m. the vulture; ful-
gur, Uri8, n. (fulgere), 478; rohur,oris (robus, ruber),
the stone oak, the strength.
b. us, Gen. eris and oris, as neutral terminations: Genus,
eris (gignere), the sex, the kind; later, eris, m. brick;
latus, eri8, n. the side; decua, Oris (decere), different
from decor, Drs, 111, 1. 316.
c. of the first and second declension: Numerus (numus
from emere), the number. -Patera (patere), 285; lite-
ra (linere, litum), 394; opus, eris, the work as product;
opera, the labor, trouble, to produce a work. - Jugerum
(jugum), jlagrum (ad - fligere) , a Iash, whip. Also
tiegrium (tegere), a hut.
Adjeetive Forms. VIII.
11
2. or, Neut. us, Gen. Oris, as termination of the compar-
ative, signifies the higher degree of a quality in comparison
with a lower one: Posterus (post), coming afier; posterior,
the following, the latter one of two.
-rus, ra, rum, rus with increased strength of mean-
ing: Gnarus (Mscere), knowing, expert; sineerus (belongs
to semel, singuli), 545; severus (sev, height), 137; sonOrus
(SOBUS, sonor), fun of or rich in sound; maturus, 670.
Hence the supinal forma: leeturus, amaturus, indicating ex-
pectation in the present time of a future completion of a con-
. dition or state .
] Substantiva: Statera (sistere, stiitum), the balance.
The supinal form vra, indicates the realization, actually
blOught about, of that which is indicated by the original
word: Status is standing, as condition, or state; sta-
tura, the height of aman when he stands, his growth,
stature; captus, the grasping; captura, the procedure in
doing so: interesse eaptura piscium, and the capture,
that which has been takeo. Cultus, the fostering, the
veneraton, as condition, 297; cultio, as action; cultura,
the procedure in it: cultura agri, agriculture; foltura
(foZcire, fultum), that which is placed under a thing as
contrivance, fulcrum, the support as plOp; U8U8 (uti),
the use, advantage derived from use j usura, the usiog,
the enjoying a thing: Natura dedit usuran, vita, tam-
quam pecunia. Cic. .
3. aris, - arius, orius, a, um, according to its qual-
tes of the kind of tQat which the original word indicates.
a. aris. Familiaria, according to its qualities of the kind
oC things which belong to the familia; e. g. fundus, family
lands; res, property belonging to the family jointly, the do-
mestic economy; molaria (mola, molere), that which has the
quality of grinding, crushing: dens, lapis.
Substantiva. Pugillaris (pugnus, pugillus), se, libelli,
the tablet for the hand, jist.
Altare (altus), 91; torclar (torquere), wine-press.
b. arius, orius, a, um, according to external marksof
distinction beloilging to that which is named by the original
word. Asinus molarius, the milI ass, which tums the lapis
molaris; av.xiliaris (au:cllium from augere), of tbe kind of
those who render assistance: cohortes au:clliares; au:cllia-
MUS, one of the auxiliary troops, and ooly inasmuch as he
belongs 10 them; talaris (talus), tunica, reaching 10 tbe an-
10 Adjective Farms. VII. - VIIL
VII. DIS-DUS, DA, DUM, designates a being there in
a high degree, or in quantity :
dis: Rudis, 524; viridis (virere), green; grtmdis (gra.
num from gro, growing, waxing), that in whieh appears a
particular growth, large: grandia hardea.
dus, da, dum: Herbidus (herba), covered with grasa; her.
b08U8, rich in grasa; ~ u s (cruor), rude, crude, uncooked;
puter,putris (putere), decayed, brittle, e. g. gleba; putridus,
full of putrefaction, decay, very brittle: dentes putridi; flo
reus (}lo8), consisting of tlowers, jloridus, tlowery, rich in
tlowers. .
-] Substantiva: Capis, idis (capere), a small mug with a
handle, to grasp it; cusp'8. - Farda, (ferre), 150.
VIII. R, (Neut. U8) Gen.-ri8, RIS- R and ~ RUS,
RA, RUM, provided with that which is expressed by the
original word in a peculiar degree, provided:
l. er, or, ur: Celer, eris (cellere) , 195; acer, acris,
acre (acua) , 17; memor,oris (memini), cicur, ris (belongs
to cicatria: fr.om cicare, causing to overgrow), properly in.
grown, tame; also vetus, era, old veter, 832.
er, ur and erus, a, um: Miser, miserable; satur (satis),
satisfied; inflrus, superus; also hilars, older hlarus, 486.
- ter, terus, are used for determining persons, places: Ali.
us, another; alter, the other, i. e. the one of two; so uter,
neuter, which, none of the two; interus, exterus, the inner,
the outer one.
Substantiva: a. Jubar, dri8, D. 654; vomer, eris, m.
(vomere), ploughshare; cadiiver, n. (cadivus, IV, 4), the
fallen, dead body, corpse; aquor, oris, n. (aquus), the
plain, even surface; vultur, uris, m. the vulture; Jul.
gur, UN8, n. (fulgere), 478; robur,oris (robus, ruber),
the stone oak, the strength.
b. U8, Gen. eris and oria, as neutral terminations: Genus,
eris (gignere), the sex, the kind; lilter, eris, m. brick;
latus, eris, n. the side; decus, Oris (decere), different
from decor, orls, 11I, 1. 316.
c. of the first and secoDd declension: Numerus (numus
from emere), the number. -Patera (patere), 285; lite.
ra (linere, litum), 394; opus, er8, the work os product;
opera, the labor, trouble, to produce a work. - Jugerum
(jugum), jlagrum (ad - jligere) , a lash, whip. Also
tugurium (tegere), a hut.
Adjective Forms. VIII. 11
2. or, Neut. us, Gen. ms, as termination of the compar
ative, signifies the higher degree of a quality in comparison
with a lower one: Posterus (post), coming after; poster-ior,
the following, tha latter one of two.
-rus, ra, rum, ...::.. rus with increased streDgth of mean
ing: Gnarus (noscere), knowing, expert; sinceros (belongs
10 semel, singuli) , 545; severos (sev,height), 137; sonOros
(SOtlUS, sonor), full of or rich in sound; matTUS, 670.
Henee the supinal fonns: lecturus, amaWrus, indicating ex
pectation in the present time of a future completion of a con
o dition or state .
] Substantiva: Statera (sistere, ,tiitum), tha balance.
The supinal form tira, indicates the realization, actually
brougbt about, of that which is indicated by the original
word: Status is standing, as condition, or state; sta
tura, the height of aman when he stands, his growth,
stature; captus, the grasping; captura, the procedure in
doing so: interesse capturOl piscium, and the capture,
that which has been taken. Cultus, the fostering, the
veneration, as condition, 297; cultio, as action; cultura,
the procedure in it: cultura agri, agriculture; foltura
(folcire, fultum), that which is placed under a thing as
contrivance, fulcrum, the support as prop; U8U8 (uti),
the use, advantage derived from use; usura, the using,
the enjoying a thing: Natura dedit USUralll vita, tamo
quam pecunia. Cic. .
3. aris, - arius, orius, a, um, according to its qual.
ities of the kind of t ~ t which the original word indicates.
a. aris. Familiaris, according to its qualities of the kind
of things which beloflg to the familia; e. g. fondus, family
landa; res, property belonging to the family jointly, the do
mestic economy; molaria (mola, molere), that which has the
quality of grinding, crushing: dens, lapis.
Substantiva. Pugillaria (pugnus, pttgillus), ,e. libelli,
the tablet for the hand, fot.
Altare (altus), 91; torclar (torquere), wine.press.
b. arius, orius, a, um, according to external marks of
distinction belonging to that which is named by the original
word. Asinus molarius, the milI ass, which turns the lapis
malaria; aw:iliaris (aurilium from augere), of tbe kind of
those who render assistance: cohortes auriliares; auxilia.
MUS, one of the auxiliary trool's, and only inasmuch as he
belongs to tbem; talaris (talus), tunica, reaching to the ano
12 Adjeetive Forma. IX.
kles ludus talarius, the game at dice; gregarius (grex),
according to its kind belonging to the herd: pastor; grega
lis, according . to its properties, e. g. habitus, the dress of a
common soldier (gregarius); miles gregalis, a comrade;
binarius, ternarius, containing by two, three, &c. - orius is
supinal form: Adventitia cama, a meal for the arrival of
sorne one; adventoria, tropical, a book which is to entertain
the arriving person; piscarius (piscis), belonging according
to its kind to fishes; piscatorius (piscator), to the fishermen:
Forum piscatorium; navis piscatoria.
Substantiva: a. Lapidarius ( lapis), too stonecutter;
longurius (longus), 1005.
(J. Unguentaria (unguentum), the female vender of oint-
ments, and se. ars, the art of making ointments; luxu-
. ria (1=), 656.
". lErarium (als), 43; promontorium (mona), a promon-
tory; portorium (portus), 907; territorium (terra), a11
the lands belonging to a city, the territory of a city,
e. g. colonial.
IX. BER, BRIS, - BER, BRA, BRUM, and CER,
CRIS,- CER, CRA, CRUM (TRUM), proper, fit for
the realization of a state of things, condition, capable of
effecting something or of something being effected in or
on it. .
l. ber, bris: Puber and pubes, Gen. heria (puer, in
Germ. Bube, Engl. boy), having arrived at puberty; celeber,
Gen. bris, 194; funebris, 480; saluber (salvere, salvus),
healthy, favorable to health: locus, victus; saIutaria (saIus),
salutary: Consilia salubria, rational; salmaria, bringing
salvlI.tion, delivery.
be r, b r a: GIaber, smooth, glib; creber (creo, cre8cere),
194.
Substantiva: a. Mulciber, Gen. bris and bri (muleere,
mollire), Vulcan, the softener of iron; faber (facere),
111.
b. Terlbra (terere), the gimlet; of supine: do labra (do-
lare),912.
e. Candelabrum (candela), a candlestick; ludibrium, (lu-
dus), thesport of the supine: Cribrum (cernere, cretum),
sieve, BS instrument for silling; ventilabrum (l'entilare) ,
the sieve for grain; pollubrum (pro, poI-lucre), the
wash-basin.
Adjectil)e FONM. X. 18
2. cer, cris: Volcer, cris (volare), 133; aldcer (dcl-
lel)), 195; mediOcris (medius), 672.
cer, era: Ludicer Qr ludieras (ludus), 584.
Sub,tantiva of the supinum: a. Lucrum (luere), tbe pay-
able, gain; feretrum (ferre), the bier; tonitrum, ton'-
tnMa (tonare), tbuoder.
b. with long peoultima: Ambuliicrum, a place, made to
walk about; ambulatio, wbere one walks for pleasure;
imolcrum (inl)oll'ere), the cover, to put something into;
ariitrum (arare), plough.
X. ILIS,-ILUS, OLUS, mus, ELLUS, ILLUS, A,
UM, sigoify tbe existeoce of a similarity witb tbat which
is named by the original word :
l. Hi" similarlr. coostituted: Similis (simul beloogs to
simplu); humis (humus), similar to the ground, assimilat-
ing to it, low; in verbalia, the same in a passive meaning:
facilis, feasible (doable), easy; fragilis (frangere), brittle,
friable; utilis, useful, and utensilis, necessary for use. Ab-
breviated, l)igil <l)igere), watcbful; pugil (pugnare), a pu-
gilist. - Of the supine, similar, accordiog to property or
condition, to a state of things already effected: Coct,lis (co-
quere), fo,silis (fodere), like baked things, things that are
dug: Laterculus coctilis, a burned brick; sal fossilis, min-
eral salt, rock salt; sectis (secare) lamina, a veneer; la-
pis, which may be cut; porrum sectile, leeky, according to
ita property, inasmuch as repeatedly fit to be cut; sectil'um,
according to ita condition, inasmuch as it is continually cut.
Formad after the tirat conjugation, versatilis, that which may
be easily turned, and, analogous to tbis, aquatilis, that wbich
is capable of living in tbe water.
lu" la, lum, attached to the radical syllable, culu8, a,
um, attached to the form,sigoifieslikewise similar; words end-
ing in er form ellus: NubUus (nubes), cloudy; frivolus (fri-
are), brittle, hence without value, tritling; penalus (pendere),
peodingly: Palearia pendula, uva pensilis, the grape sus-
pended for keeping it bubulus (bos),of cattle; suillus (sus),
of hoga, e. g. caro bulnila, suilla;-l)erniiculus (verna), io-
landish anniculus (annus), of one year; masculus (mas),
male, masculioe.-If tbe original word is of the same kind
with the derivatum, it receives by this form diminutive mean-
iog: Rutilus (rufos), reddish (somewhat red); aureolus,
(aureus), golden looking, like gold, and small gold; longulus
2
14 .A.djecti"6 F01'1fI8. X.
(longus), a little long, lengthy; vetulus (vetus), oldish, rather
old ;-pauperculus (pauper), poor (poorish); dulciculus (duZ-
cia), sweetish; jeroculus (jerox), a little courageous; melius-
culus, a little better. By reduplication of this form, the
diminutive signification is increased: Tenellus (tener, as
miaer, misellus), tender; tenellulus, extremely tender; tantu-
lus (tantus), so very small; tantillus, so punil,. small: Ha-
cine sunt mea filia 1 quanta e quantillis sunt jacta! Plaut.
pauculus (paucus), very little; pauxillus, pauxillulus.- Of
tbe supine: Contortulus (contorquere) , a little twisted to-
gether, confused; barbatulus (barba), with a little beard;
auritulus (auris) , with long Httle ears. After this are
forroed:
Tbe substantiva: A. Denominati"a, of which sorne take
leus, others endng n o unculus, aU diminutives with the
character of smalloess, trifling, fondling, nsinuating :
a. T'/JJ;ulus (tubu8), a small tube; ocellus (oculus), pueru-
lus, puellus (puer), lapillus (lapis);-fiosculU8 (jlos),
pisciculus (piscis), buculU8 (bos), versiculus (versus) j-
aculeus (acus), nucleus (nu.x), equulus, equuleus (equus);
- dracunculus latrunculus (lotro ), and after
this,juruncuZus (jur), ranuncuZus.(rana).
b. Cistula, cistelZa, cistellula (ciata), a liule box; pupuZa,
pupilla (pupus), tbe pupil in tba eye, properly tbe Httle
image, the little puppet appeariog in it; Jasciola, glori-
ola (fascia, gloria) j patella, catella (patina, catena);
apicula, plebecula, la"hecula (apis, plebes, labes), diecula,
recula (dies, res); caruncula, ratiuncula (caro, ratio).
c. Oppidulum (oppidum), negotiolum (negotiu,n) j sigillum,
villum (signum, "inum); scalpellum (8calper), lucellum
(lucrum) , corculum (cor), con"enticulum (con"entus) ,
corniculum (cornu).
B. Verbalia, desigoatiog something fit tor what is desig-
nated by the original word :
a. CtlpUlus (capere), fit or made to be grasped, the coffio,
tIle haodle, 175; cingulus and - um (cingere), a girt,
girdle.
b. Specula (ad-spicere), an observatory; tabula, a board,
tabIe (a Teuoonic word, tajen, cut ioto boards); oC tbe
supioe: Regula (regere), tbe rule,level (instrument oC
mecbanics, tQ ascertain the horizontal line, plumb-line) ;
tendicula (tendere), a snare extended to catch, and oC
tba supioe: Suburula (suhuere, utum, as e.mere), an
under-garment.
Adjective Forma. X. 15
e. of ilis: Concilium (of conc'lis), 233; of the supine:
Auzilium (augere, auctum), 139, and after tbis domicil-
ium (domicilis, fit for ahorne), 372.-0f lus: Specu-
Zum, the mirror; speeillum, probe; jaculum (jaeere) ,
javelin; of tbe supine: Fereulum (Jerre, fertum), the
biei; vehiculum (ve/ere, voctum), 1006; cubieulum (cu-
bare, cubitum). 248 ; poculum (potum), 285; luibitacu-
Zum, the <lwelling as place arranged for dwelling; habi-
tatio, in as far as 000 actually lives in it, 372, and after
tIlis, senaculum a room or hall for councils;
hibernaculum, a room fur the winter, winter-quarter,
winter tent; hiberna se. loca, castra, winter-quarters,
eamp.
2. bUis, - b"luI, a. um, signifies passive capability,
see VI., IX.
bilis, changing between Bubjective and objective meaning:
Patibilis (pati), capable of receiving impressions from with.-
out: Animal patibem natura m habet. Cic.; .ftebilis (.ftere) ,
at which we must weep, capable of making us weep: eepe,
species, and ea.ily made to cry, or of a crying character;
jlebiles voces; insatiabilis, insatiable: avaritia, and at which
we canoot look enough: pulcritudo; credibilis (credere) ,
credible, tIlat which may be easily believed; eredulus, cred-
ulous, be who believes where doubts and examination are
requisite; horribilis, capable of exciting horror. shocking:
spectaculum; horridus, rugged. shocking; barba, prrelium;
horrendus, that at which one must, ougbt to feel horror; in-
numerabilis, uncountable, countless; innumerus, numberless,
for which tbere is no number. Oftbe supine: NObilis (nos-
cere, notum), easy to be known, remarkable, famous; plis,
tbat wbich easily bends: Curvavit jlexile cornu; coma jle:r:i-
lis, braid('ld; jle:r:ibilis, that which easily can be made bent
thing: Excogitatum est vitri temperamentum, ut jle:r:ibile es-
seto Plin. Witb several words, of which this form is not
used, tbe participium prreteriti is uSd instead, e. g. invietum
Romanorum imperium. Liv.; infeetus, not feasible; immen-
8Um mare, immeasurable.
Substantiva, oilly in bu1us, a, um, indicating thatwbich
is destined and used for that which is designated by the
original word: a. Discipulus (diseere), destined to learo,
apprentice. - b. Fbula (fari), a tale for oral delivery,
421; tribulct and tribulum (terere,tritum), a threshing
wagon. - C. Latibulum (latere) , tIle comer used for
16 Adjective F01'1lI8. XI.
hiding; latebra, the comer, where one may He con-
cealed j exemplum (for exempulum, from eximere), 405;
pabulum (pasci, pastum), fodder which the cattIe receive
from the pasture (pascuum); conciliabulum (couciliare),
a meeting-place, 468.
3. -1 i s, with long penultima, constituted conformably to
that which is designated by the original word: Qualis - talis
(quam-tam), how, thus constituted; regalis ornatus, rcgal
ornament, according to property, magnificence; animus, a
mind and disposition fit for a king; regius, which the king
possesses j quinquennis, five-yearly, five years old; quinquen-
nalis, arranged for five years, that which happens every five
years; causajudicialis. a cause belonging before a court; le.r:
judiciaria, relating to judges or courts; sacrificium lustrale
(lustrum), a sacrifice for purification; dies lustricus, the day
of consecration; crudelis, of rude character; crudus, VII,
crude, rude; host:lis (hostis), hostile, hostilely disposed:
agcr, where hostilities are to be expected; hosticus, belong-
ing to the enemy; curlis (eurrus), according to property
for wagons: equus, sella; edulis (edcre), edible, 199.
Substqntiva: a. Animal (for animale, from anima), an
anmate being, according to natural property; animans,
acoording to condition, inasmuch as it performs the func-
tions of life; mulctra, mulctrum (mulgere), the larger
milking vessel j muletrale, the milking-pail, into which
the farmer milks j mant'le (manus), 664 j ovile (ovis),
189 s e ~ l e (sedcrll), 904. .
b. Of the first and second declension: ft. ' 1 a: CandiUa
(candcre), taper, inasmuch as it gives a white, i. e. light,
resplendent ray; loquela (loqui), the mode of speakillg,
inasmuch as words, tone, and expression have a peculiar
character: Nutricis blanda el infracta loquela. Lucret.;
locutio, the speaking, when the words are pronounced;
medela (mederi), the healing, the mode of healing, cure_
Of tbe supine: Corruptela (corrumpcre, - ruptum), th ..
procedure of the seducer, seduction as mode; corruptio,
seduction as action. - (J. el i a : Contumelia (lumcre),
1S57.-y. -Hum: Peclium (pecus), 506.
XI. EN, Gen. inis, NUS, Gen. nris, noris,-NUS,
NEUS, A, UM; MIS, - MUS, A, UM.
-l. en, Gen. inis, Neut. nus, terminates substantive de-
nominations of genera or kinds only, which have that mark
Adjective F01'1M. XI. 17
which is designated by the original word: PectC1l (pectere),
~ h comb; unguen (unguere), the salve; limen (limus), the
threshold; gluten (glus) , glue; fenus (feo), 437; pignus
(pangere), 107; facinus (Jacere), the deed, 1044.
nus, neus, a, um, according to its inner property o/ tlus
kind oC tbat which is designated by the original word; lt ter
minates adjective generic nouns of woods, colors, precious
stones, localities, certain periods, and sorne names of rela.
tions: Colurn'ltS (colurus), hazle; cera.sinus (cerasus),cherry
red; crystaU'inus (crystallus ),of crystal (the mineral); ole
um laureum, cedrium, lucus fages, distinguish the substance ;
oleum llZ1trinum, trabs cedrna, scyphus fag'inus, the kind,
genus from other genus of trees; but of sorne words, the one
form only existed, as acernus, ulmeus, aprugnus (aper); of
others the one was older, the other more modern and mrer,
as eburnus, eboreus. - Further: Inferus, that which is below,
552; infernus, of the kind of that or those below, subterra
nean: Juno inferna; mare superum, the upper sea; vulnera
superna, wounds in the upper parts of the body. Vernus
(ver), of the kind of things which belong to spring; hibernus
(hiems), to winter: flores verni, menses hiberni. Adverbia-
lia are: lEternus (for tZViternus of tZVum) , 47; diurnus
(diu), hestern'ltS (her), of yesterday (in German, gestern),
hodiernus (hodie), erastlnus (eras), pristinus (pis), sero
t,nus (sero), late, late maturing, happening; annuus, that
which lasts one year, 83; annotinus, one year old; hornus
(hora), that which matured in the last late summer; horno
tinus, of this year, opp. of last year and of several years.
Paternus, paternal, according to its kind, distinguishes a pos-
seSSiOll from otbers (paterni, agri, equi, servi), and contra-
distingushes pater, to other individuals; patrius, paternal ac
cording to species, contradistnguishes pater, as appellave, to
the general aliC1lus: Btma patria, are family goods, opp.
aliena, alio modo acquisita; res paterna, belongng to the
(ather, or property pOll8esscd by him, opp. materna, frater-
na. - To these belong also bC1lignus, 146, maligmu, 661,
with inserted g before n, as nasal sound.
Substantiva: a. Dominus (domus), 371; veternus (ve.
tus),old dirt and the sleeping mania, 611; somnus, 941.
b. Femina (feo, to produce), the progenitrix, 260; fuscina
(jurca), the trident; cisterna (cista), a reservOlr; ma
china (the Teutonic root make, German machetl), ma-
2"
18 Adjective Forma. XI.
ehme; patina (patere) , 773; lucerna (lucere) , 610;
transenna (trana), 436.
c. Glutinum (gluten), glue, 8S particular kind; BUCc1111lm
(succus), amber; tignum (tegere) , 978; sc.amnum (scan-
dere),904.
d. dnium, of the form 0, onis, 11, 1. indicating a
business, oceupation: Patrocinium, 774; latrocinium,
866.
2. iinis, enis, inis, in a few woros: Inanis, empty, 542;
lenis (leo, lino), mild (in Germ. lind), 200. Subst. Panis
(pasci), bread. .
-nus (neus), a, um, with long penultima, according to
external property oJ tlle kind of that which is designated by
the original woro, or belongillg to the genus of such things,
which dstinguish themselves by external common marks and
designations from others :
anus, belonging to the same class, or to things which bave
in common the same external property of a certain rank and
relation: Veteranus (vetus), belonging to the class of the old,
of those who have served. their time; miles decumanus, of tbc
tenth legion; urbanus (urbs), one of tbe capital, in respeet of
rank and education; germanus (germen), belonging to those
tllings which are of the same stock, growth; vio lEmilia,
desiguates lEmilius as founder; lEmilianus, is one adopted
by bim.-Subitaneus (subitus), of tbe kind of things wbicll
come on a sudden; supervacuus, superfluous in kind, existing
in too great a quantity, and in the way j sil.pervacaneus, be-
longing to the kind of useless and supertluous things; exterus
(ex), existing on the outer side, outward, VIII, 1.; exterior
pa:rs castrorum, munitiones exteriores, nationes extera, witb
reference to their situation as to the capital: externus, external,
belonging to outwaro tbings; externus hostis, populus; ex-
tra:rius (extra), of tbe species, VIII, 3. b; extra1leU8, of tbe
genus of external things, designates tbe reiation to me and
that which nearest surrounds me (iatra): Homo extrarius,
one with whom I have nothing to do; ca1lis extrarius, who
belongs to another; Res sunt aut corporis aut extranea. Cic.
E:cercitatio forensis et extranea (opp. domestica). Id.
e n u 11, belonging to tbe genus of things of the same kind:
Terreus (terra), earthen, according to the component parts:
vas, ",urus; terrenus, to the genu8 of the terrea belonging:
Humores marini terrenique. Cie. Thmulua terrenus. Cms.,
graduaUy elevating, rather flat, not terreus; hence septeiai,
...
.Adjective FormtI. XI.
19
OOlJe1li; serenus (serere), of the genu9 of 9uch things, wbich
favor the sowing, serene; egenus (egere), 777.
inus, of tbe kind of such things, as mllke one genus:
Caninus (eanis), peculiar to the genus of dogs, canine: pel-
lis, eloquentia eanina, biting; thus leporinus, lupinus,jerinus
(jera), genuinus (gignere), natural, g e n u i ~ e dentes genuini,
the last generated teeth, i. e. the wisdom teetb; peregrinus
(peregre), 32; supinus (super), 840; vieiinus (!licua), a
villager; vieinus, 270; je1nineus (je1nina), consisting of
women, womanish: jeminea caterva, manus, VOX; jl:Tllininus,
. feminine according to sex: nomen; temi, by three, distribu-
tively, trini, threefold: trina castra. - Amplified forms are
cinus from eus, V, 1. Morticinus (mors), of the kind of tbe
dead, dead of animals ;medieinus (medicua), of the kind of
that which heals, of medical things; and stinus from seis,
XIII, 1. Mediastinus (medius, medias, mediastis), of slaves
who have no certain occupation, and are used to fi11 up vacan-
cies; clandestinus (elam), of the kind of that which happens
secretly.
onus, of the form o, onis, 11,1. Colonus (eolere), be-
longing .to the class of colonists, 53.-Amplified oneus:
Erroneus (erro), belonging to tbe class of vagrants; idoneus,
14; ultroneus (ultro), who, of himself, does more than bis
duty requires, or than he ought to do; who does not wait
until called upon.
nus: Jejunus (junis, young, with redoubled radicalsyl-
lable, see Jentaculum, 219), sober, taken from the young
day, i: e. early day, as one is when be rises; opportunus
(portus), 239.
Substantiva: a. Pulvinus, a pillow, couch; patronus,
fem. patrona (pater), 774.
b. Me1nbriina (me1nbrum), the skin of any inner part, 309;
laniena (lanius), tbe butcher's stall; habena (habere),
the halter; piseina (piscis), tbe fish-pond; jodina (jo-
dere), the fosse; doctrina (doeere, doetum), the doctrine,
354; matrona (mater), 260; lacuna (lacua), 606 j jor-
tuna (fortv., ancient Ablat. of jors) , the luck.
C. Salinum (sal), a salt-cellar j but salina se. officina, a
salt-work j pistrina and pistrinum (pinsere, pistum),
697; vnenum (vnire), tbat wbich of itself .penetrates
into the body, poison, 1008.
3. mis, in ineolumis (wbole), without blemish, touch,
668.
20 Aajective Forms. XII.
of tbe class of tbat wbicb is at the outermost end;
bence, as superlative termination, it expresses tbe bighest de-
gree: Oitimus (cis), ulti111US (ula), at the outermost end this
side, tbe otber side; almus (alere), most nourisbing; mari-
t'mus (mare), at tbe last end, i. e. upon, or close to, tbe sea:
bellum, ora, urbs; marinus, of tbe kind of tbose tbings wbicb
belong to tbe sea: concha; finitimus (finis) , tbe frontier
neigbbour,270; aJdiluus (aJaes), tbe temple guar,j,according
to bis permanent condition; aJditimus, inasmucb as be lives
at tbe outermost end of tbe temple.
-mus, witb long penultima, is tbe termination of con-_
tracted forms: Supremus, extremus, primus (pris), tbe first
among several, prior, of two; volemus (vola), tbat wbich
fills tbe bollow of the band; pirum, a species of pear; patri-
mus, matr;mus, possessing father and motber in tbe most com-
plete manner, used of children whose parents are still living,
were married by confarreatio, and ennobled by rank and
birth, whicb cbild, tberefore, could be used for tbe perform-
ance of solemn, sacred rites and actions .
] Substantiva: GZmus (belongs to globus), Gen. eris,
the skein. - Fumus (belongs to fonus, spark, in Germ.
Funke), smoke; forma (forus, obs. i. e. quod fertur ex-
tra), tbe outer fashioning, form, 424; spuma (spuere),
the foam; fama (fari) , the tradition, tbe reputation;
palma (pala, tbe flat surface, bence a spade, the little
case of a ring, setting of a jewel), 665.
XII. AS, ES, Gen. - TUS, TA, TUM, funda-
mental forms of tbe second cbief class of adjectives,
whicb- designate existence as prominent property.
1. (as), es,-tus, ta, tum, witb sbort penultima, border-
ing next f.o the form s, IV, 1 :
e s, Gen. it i s, designates an existence in or upon that
whicb tbe original word indicates: CaJles (caJlum), existing in
the sky, heaveDl!; CaJlites, the inbabitants of the heavens;
ales (ala), 133, ales equus, deus; pedes (pes), on foot, and
a pedestrian; eques, one on horseback, a knight
] Substantiva: Anas, atia (nare), the duck; seges, etia
(serere), the seed; miles (milZe), one of a troop of tbou-
sands, many, a soldier; (stpare), 759; cespes
(capere, of tbe catcbing of tbe grass-roots. and the earth
adheriog to tbem,) turf.
tUB, sus, a, um, originated from es, as perpes, more com-
-- ..
AdjectiDe Forma. XII. 21
monly perpewus, 47, sbows; accordingly senectus (sena),
grown oM, sea 1, 2.; vegetus, 997; libertus (liber), 633;
hence tbe participIe pretero of the "strong conjugation," as
scriptus, conditus, rasus (radere).
Substantiva: a. Cubitus and cubitum (cuhare, cuhitum),
293; orbita (orbis), tbe track of tha wbeel; vita (vi-
vere), the life; uta (ex), 1027.
b. tia, indicates a quality of itself, inasmuch as it may be
assigned as a mark of distinction to a genus or c1ass of
subjects: Pueritia (puer), childbood, boybood; malitia
(malus), badness, wickedness, malice; pudicit'ia (pudi-
cus), basbfulness; pudor, sbame (of the blushing); nup-
tiOl (nubere, nuptum), wedding; notitia (noscere, notum),
kraowledge, acquaintance. Some belong at the samc
time to the tiftb declension, as mollitia (mollis), softness,
as quality; molZities, effemioacy.
c. tium: Calvitium (calvus), bald spot 00 tbe head; cal-
vities, baldness; capillitium (capillus), the growth of
hair; ezercitium (exercere, citum), that wbich practises,
practice as action, by which we exercise ourseIves.
d. of tbe fourth declension: Tumultus, 145; tactus (tan-
gere), the touching, as a state, condition, tho feeling;
repulsa (pellere), the refusal, the unsuccessful request,
repulsus, the being repelled in beating on a hard sub-
stance; hence also tbe echo, reverberation; aensum
(sentire), tbat wbich is feIt, sensitively perceived: EiI-
primere dicendo sensa. Cic.; sensua, sensation, as con-
dition, the sense of tbe faculty of feeling: Ben8US audi-
endi.
2. as, es, Gen. -ti s - -tus, ta, tum, with long penul-
tima, differs from l. only according to the original word:
Penas, atis, 487; primas (pris), one in tbe tirst place, oc-
cupying the tirst rank; cujas (qui), .trom wbat country,
people? cujus, a, um 1 wbose? belongmg to whom? An-
tias, Arpinas. - Locuples (locus - plere), 362; manSUt's
(manus -stLescere), generally mansuetus, 200.
-tus, ta, tum, the participial form of'weak conjugations:'
(condire), spiced; laudatus, praised; fletus (flere),
wept. Hence the compounds witb in, as immutatus, un-
chnnged; immutabilis, unchangeabIe; incogitatus, unimagin-
ed; and tbe denominativa: Alatus (ala), winged j sordidus
(sordes), soiled; sordidatus, dirtily dressed, as an accuseci
person; odOrus (odor), scenting, tbat whicb emits a smell
Adjective Forma. XIII.
and that which perceives by seent; odoratus, 742. Avitus
(avus), descending or coming down from grandparents; ma-
ritus (mas), married; agrotus (ager), 40; verstus (vertere,
versum) , 166; cinclus (cingere), girdled; cincttus, provided
with an apron; nasutus (naaua), provided with a long, or
with a fine nose, pert, malapert t which in Gerroan likewise
is "nose-wise ").
Substantiva: a. el a: Moneta (monere), the mother of
the Muses, and money; rubeta, the toad, as inhabitant
ofthe blackberry bush (rubus).
b. etum, that in which what is designated by the original
word is frequently found: Rubetum, a place where black-
berry shrubs, arundinetum (aru7ldo) , where reed, is
found in plenty; fruticetum, frutectum (frutex), where
shrubs, salictum (salix) , where willows, are frequent;
fimetum (jimus), a dung-hole; aspretum (asper), a place
where there are many inequalities; acetum (acer, aci-
dus), vinegar.
c. tus, Gen. us, of permanent conditions: Auditus (audi-
re), the hearing, and the sense of hearing, as faculty to
hear.
d. tum: Vertum, 970.
e. tia: Minutia (minutus), the trifle; argutia (argutus),
the subtileness, shai'p-mindedness; astutia (astus), 166.
. 3. uitus, a, um, with long penultima, with poets also dis-
syllabic, designates a mode: Fortu:tus (fortu, ancient Ablat.
of fors) , casual, accidental, originated by aecident: Concur-
&io rerumfortuitarum. Cic.; gratuitus (gratus), gratis, from
mere kindness.
-] Substantivum: Pituita, 703.
XIII. STIS; STER, STRIS,-STUS; STER, STRA,
STRUM.
1. stis, Neut. e, in, upon, under that which is mentioned
in the original, considered as quality: Calestis, that which
has the quality of a creles, XII, 1., is under, among the creli-
tes; hence, also, worlhy of heaven, excellent: arcus, ig71is,
imber, augurium, sapientia; agrestis (ager), 893, mus, lau-
rus, growing wild. Henee the termination-atinus, XI, 2.
atus, a, um, gifted, endowed with that which is designated
by the original word, having this as quality: Honestus (ho-
noa), he who possesses honor, honorable, respectable: fa-
milia, dig71itas, mora; honoratus, honored by others, one to
.Adjective FoNTUJ. XIV. 23
wbom honor has been shown; scelestus (scelus), vicious of
cbaracter, criminal, black, of the predominating inclination
and practice in vice, and that which haS proceeded from it:
Homo malus atque scelestus; scelestum facinus; sceleratus,
" who has committed several shameless crimes, loaded wilh
crimes; scele'f08U8, fuIl of vices and malice, a malefactor;
onustus (onus), laden, of him who carries the load; oneratus,
heavily laden, over-Iaden, burdened. So modestus, molestus,
venustus, vetustus .
] Substantiva: Lanista (lania'fe), 120, Greek in dynasta
and dynastes, Gen. a (Ju"l1r1/')' a prince; danista
the money-broker.
2. ster, stris- ster, stra, strum, signifying the same
with 1., and designate only more the genus: Campester
(campus); terrestris (terra) , on the earth, the continent,
growing, happening, or being there: iter, loca campestna;
terrestris e:cercitus; equester (eques), pedester (pedes), what
consists of cavalry, infantry, belongs to them, is done by
them: statua, copia; silvester (silva), paluster (palus),
wooded, marshy (boggy), and being in forests, morasses.-
Sequcster, tris, and stra, strum (sequi), the mediator, 574 ;
MiRister, stra (munis), the servant,official assistant, 924.-
Of this form are: Menslruus (mensis), monthlJ', destined for
one month, lasting a month, and menslrualis, returning every
month, calculated for a month: Menstrua cibaria; menstru-
.um spatium; menstruales epula.
If this form is added to an adjective, it receives a diminutive
signification: Surdaster (surdus),"o liule denf. The same if
attached to substantives:
Substantiva: a. Parasitaster (parasitus), a Hule para-
aite; oleaster (olea), pinaster (pinus), the wild olive
tree, tbe wild pine. .
b. Fenestra (connected with the Teutonic root in Funke,
spark, light), an opening in the wall to light a room.
C. Capistrum (capere), halter; lstrum (made acute fro!.D
luere, lavare), too place where hogs are washed; lu-
atrum (long from lucere), the sacrifice of atonement; mot-
,trum (monere) , 745; claustrum (claudere, clausum),
214; ro,trum (rodere, rosum), 889; transtrum (trans),
463. .
XIV. ENS- ENTUS; ENDUS, UNDUS, ..4., UM,
forros,. which indicate a atate or condition in
lts ongtn or growmg.
, ....
.Adjective Forma. XlV.
l. enB, Gen. entiB, effecting a state, the form ofthe par-
ticiple present of the active voice:, Scribens, writing, a writ-
ing one; quadropes, (quatuor - pes), q uadruped ; quadrupe-
dans, stepping down, stamping with four feet; lactana Clac),
making, eontaining milk: rIbera mammarum lactantia. Lu-
cret. ; (laclana [lacio], alluring one, coaxingly, to deceive
him) ; lactens, milky, and making milk: ficus, puer.
entus, in cruentus (croar), bloody .
Substantiva: a. en tia, designating the execution, prac-
tice of the action expressed by the original word, as
quality, see XII, l. b. Audientia (audiens), attention to
a speaking person, audience, hearing: rlli praco jacie.-
bat audientiam auditio, the hearing, as act and rumor,
whieh is heard: Fabellarum auditione duci. Cic. His
rumoribus atque auditionibus Creso Observan-
tia, the attention to every opportunity for certain actions,
especially to be kind and respectful, respect: Tarquini-
us obsequio el observantia in regem cum omnibus cerlavlt.
Liv. ; observatio, observation, especially eonnected with
accuracy, eonscientiousness: Observatio diuturna no-
tandis rebus jecit artem. Cic.
b. entium, of a permanent activity in general: Silentium
(sUena), silence.
c. enta, entum: Placenta (placere) , 635. - Fluentum
(jluere) , 455; unguentum, 1033; annentum (annus),
1005; argentum l Gallie Argid, belongs to argilla),
silver.
2. endus, undus, only verbal form of the gerundium,
appears in three separate forms and significations :
a. endu8, aneient undus, a, um, formed of the present
tense, designa tes a state or condition as destined in the pres-
ent time for completion, or as one that ought to be ; henee
the participium futuri passivi: Faciundus, jaciendus, he
who is yet to be made; mirus, wonderful, uneommon: no-
vitas, pulchritudo mirahilis, worthy of wonder, capable of
exeiting admiration, wonderment: Opus mirabile mundi
mirandus, to be wondered at, to be admired: altitudo; mi-
randum in fMdum, wonderful, surprising; mirabilem, in an
admirable, extraordinary manner; mirum in modum, in a
wonderful, inconeeivable manner, as if by a miracle; ortus
(oriri), originated, directly descended, from the next progeni-
tors; oriundus (properly he who ought to originate), orig-
mally descending, respecting the founders of the family:
.AdjectivB FOr7lII. XIV.
SenJa 7WUua ortru. Ovid. OdatIitl8 Mamiliw 7UlculfUlUS,
rifama credimtl8, ah UlizB deaqve Circe oriundtl8. Liv.
b. bunduB, of the form of the future in bo, almost como
pleting a state, and on that account the more observable:
Moribundus (mori), is the visibly dying off, hence like the
really dying one (moriens): Duabt18 htBrenteB IuJBtis mori-
bundi BZ equis lapA.,w. Liv. Alezander morienB annulun&
BUUm dederat Perdicce. Nep.; who is in the state of dying,
designates the state existiog in the preseot time and perfect;
moriturus, who is 00 the point of dying, when the completion
oC the state depends upon resolution, wiU: Quo, moriture,
nris 1 Virg.; pudens, being ashamed; pudibunus, manifest-
iug the feeling of shame, like an ashamed one: Pavo cauda
"",isla, prulibundus ac fIIQl1"ens quarit latebras. Plin. Noctua-
butulus ad me venit cum epistola too tabellarius. Cic.; like a
night-bird (noctua).
c. cund"" a supina! form, designates the continuation oC
a state already completad: Sequens (Bequi, Becutum), the fol-
lowing one; sequendus, one who is 10 be followed; secundus,
wbo has followed or still Collows, 911. So facundus, fecun-
tlru, jucun4us, verecundll8 rubicundus (rubere), showing a
strong, glowing red: luna, cornum r K bid u s est rufus atrior
el nigrorB multo inustus. Gell., deep red, dark red; panis
rubidus, baked, and oven-red.
3. lens, Gen. lentiB,-lentuB, a, Km, corresponding
to the verbal forro "lo, signifies the existence of that which
is mentiooed by the original word, multiplied; bence in a con-
siderable,or also in a high degree: PestilenB (pestis), car-
rying with it contagious and dangerous ingredients, unhealthy:
locus, ventru; opulens and opulentt18 (opes), considerably,
very wealthy, rich. More common is the latter form in gra-
cilens, gracilentus (gracere, gracilis), very slender: equus;
viOlens, violeatt18 (vis, violare), violent, forcible, impetuous:
Violens .A"fidus, homo violentus; it is only used in esculen-
tus (u.e, esca), always fuI! of food: Crocodili os esculentum;
and edible, hence esculenta, edibles, as potulentus, not pocu-
lentw, Crom potru, who has pretty well drunk, and drinkable;
ucilentus (macer), pretty lean; pulverew (pulvis), consist-
ing of dust; pulverulentus, fu\l oC dUSl, dusty; pulverea ,..
_, a cloud oC dust; palla, a cloak quita covered with dust;
p.zveruleata, a bedusted cloak. For BomnolentUS, very
Ileepy, BOfllfriculolus is lD01'e common.
3
.Adjectiee PorrIlI. XlV.
4. en,iI-osu" a, um: ensil, local, being at or Crom,
a place: Pratensis (pratum), being on meadows: .flos;
Corintl&ii, Hispani, Sicli, are natives oC the respective
places; Corinthienaes, Hispanienses, Sicilienses, stmngers
who reside at them; ain'/J8 CorinthiaC'UII, the bay bordering
on the -territory oC Corinth j lit'/J8 Corinthiense, the coast sit-
uated within that territory. This form iathe only one in use
of some names of places, e. g. ager Oltienril, belonging lo
the town Ostia j porta Ostienais, in Rome, situate loward
Ostia: of othar geogmphical nouns, this form does not exist,
e. g. Antias, Anxuras, Sinuessan'/J8, Pa,tan'UII; dii montani,
not montenses.
osus, existing in a subject in great quantity,or in a high
degree: MontoS'U8, where there are many mountaios: &gio
aspera et montuosa. Cic.; meticulo8U8 (meticulare, from me-
tus), fuIl of fear.; vinolentus, drunk, as a passing state; med-
camentum, in which there is much wine; vino8U8, as essential
and permanent quality, vinous, and of constant desire for
wine, intemperate: sapor, odor, Homerus, 1022; pisculentua
(piscis), iull o fish : fluvius; piscosus, accordinK to ita na-
ture fit ior abundance of fish: piscosi scopuli. Virg.; tefte.
bro8U8 (tenebra), full of darkness: T.enebrosa sede tyrannus
exierat. Ovid.; tenebriC'UII, belonging to the dark, according
to ita kind: Tartari tenebrica plaga. Cic.; tenebrico8U8, one
who seeks a peculiar kind of darkness and maintains it; libi-
dinea tenebricost1l, light-shunning; popina tenebricosa. Cic.;
suspectus (suspicere), suspicious, one against whom there is
suspicion, and one who harbours it; suspiCf1:1J, inclined lo sus-
picion; suspiciosus, full of suspicion; subjective, baving sus-
picion, distrustful; civitas, and objective, causing suspicion,
very suspicious: negotium; sumtuosus (sumtus) , of much
expense i subjective, who makes many expenses: mulier, and
objective, that which causes many: ludi sumtuosi; sumtutJ.
rius, concerning expenses: lu; prodigiosus (prodigium), in
a high degree unnatuml and rare: solia defectus; prodigia-
lis, adventurous, prodigious: res, Jupiter, who averts the
consequences of evil signs. Tbe derivatives of the fourth
declension end in uosus, as fructuosus, saltuosus; but we
also find, as ancient, montuosus, monstruosus .
] Of osus, substantives can be formed only after 1,2.,
as vitiosus, vitiositas; oC lens, len tus, according fa
XIV, 1, a., as violtntus, violen#a.
Fo,..,. XV.
XV. MEN, Gen. mini&-MNUS, A, UM.
l. men, Neut. a form of itself, an adjective verbal form,
XI, l., but terminating substantives only, in representing an
action as perceptible by too senses, in something belonging to
too sensible world (in concreto), changing between active and
passive meaning: '.l'eglmen, tegilmen, tegmen (tegere) , the
caver, i. e. every thing which covers another, or with which
we may cover a thing: eapit, eorpo; Sal .. Numa dedit
aper tunicam aneum peetori tegumen. Liv.; teges, etis, XII,
l. as a mat which actually covers; tepa se. testa, the tile;
tigulum, too small cover, and a littIe roof; regimen (regere.),
as. in g. ship's helm,
ID a state, as dlrectlOn of pubhc affalrs; &pecmen (specere),
930, tbat in which we may see, discover the property of a
thing, sample, e. g. of cloth: TemperantitB prudentiaque
qeciaen Q. &tBVola. Cic.; the model.
-men, with long penuItima, in derivatives of derived con-
jugations: Stiimen (stare), subtemen (subte.xere), 947; abdo-
men (abdere), 1010; legumen (legere), legume, pulse; acu-
lile" (aeuere), 19; alU1fum (sal), alum; curvamen (curvare),
the bend of itself, 8S existing appearance; curvatura, as pre-
pared, intentionaIly made, or as in relation to other parts;
ligamen (ligare), bandage, band oC iteelf, inasmuch as some-
thing is thereby kept iogetber; ligatura, the way and man-
uer in wbicb IIOmetbing i tbereby kept togetOOr: Sanguis
projluens inhibetur papyri ligamine. Colum. Ligatura in
"itibru wcum debet mutare. Paliad. Solamen (solari, making
ground [solum] for some Olle,!hat is, .placiog him firmly,
giving bim to stand upon), comfort, solace, by which
the comfortmg is -effected, poetical; solatium, solace, by
which we feel comforted: Solamen mali. Virgo Vacare cul-
pa magnum ut solatium. Cic.
",nu&, a. v.m, denominates a subject according to its con-
dition Ol afate,. which is represented as realized in him:
Alumnus (almus, XI, 3.), who is nourished, and wbo nour
ishes, the foster-son, and his father, fem. alumna; autumnus
(augere, auctum), autumn; eolumen (colere), columna, 229.
2. ",entis, Gen. is - mentum, formed from men, l.
&ment (semen), 916.
mentum, something that serves for the realization of a
lltate, a means for something: Tegumentum, every thing tbat
aerves to cover, a cover as means of covering, 969; augmen
AdjectiH F01'1fU. XV.
(augere), the visible growth, in whieh the augmentation ShOW8
itself as effeet: corporis; augmentum, means of augmenta-
tion, addition: honoris, commendationis; mun:men (munire),
that whieh preserves: EJ/usos munimen ad imhres. Virg.;
munimentum, that which serves to keep, to proteet, 112; tem-
peratura, proper proportion of mixed parts of a whole to one
another; minii, the mode and procedure, if it ought to have
.the proper mixture; temperamentum, the means by whieh tbis
equal proportion is effeeted: Re&tincta seditio est; inventum
est temperamentum, qua tenuiores cum principibus aquari se
putarent. Cie., a middle way; jerramentum (jerrum), ron
tools, or tools fitted out with iron ; jerramenta aratorum, the
iron implements of agrieulturists; pulmentum, every thing
whieh serves for tbe edibleness of the puls, meat disbes, &C. ;
salsamentum (salire, salsum), salt provision, e. g. piekled
fisb.
3. monia, monium from mnus, 1. after the form of
onus, XI,2.
m o n i a, designates a state or eondition realizing itself
,after the manner in wbieh it appeara in the subjeet, in tbe
abstraet;' monium, tbis realization itself, thougbt as a tbing
Alimonia (alumnus), the nourishment, sustenanee, witb wbieh'
the foster-father providea his foster-son; alimonium, the
actual nourishment, the food, whieb the latter receives; ali-
mentum, the means of nourishment: Caius collationes in ali-
monium ac dotem filia recepit. Suet. In alimoniis armen-
ticium pecus sic contuendum, lactentes cum matribus ne cubent.
Varr.; acrimonia (acer), the aharp, biting taste: siniipis;
'castimonia (castus )" abstinenee, mortifieation, if, with a re-
ligios view, we abstain from every enjoyment whieh doea
not agree with the former; castitas, ehastity; sanctimonia,
the realization of the idea sanctus in a sulljeet, henee virtuous
disposition, innocenee; also sanetity, nasmueh as it manifests
itself in eertain venerable things: Prisca sanctimonice 1Jirgo.
Tac. Sanctimoma nuptiarum; sanctitas, holiness, as quality
or virtue: 1Ueri se sanctitate sua. Cie.; testimonium (testis),
the showing, explication of a thing, as witness or by wit-
nesses, testimony and assertion 01 evidenee pronounced by
witnesses; testimonium dicere, giving oral evidence in court;
dare, bearing witness, assure by one's declaration that sorne- '
thing has happened, with the idea of praise and approval-;
pro testimonio dicere, asserting as witness.
Forms of Ver'H.
C. Form, of Verb .
6. Tbe verb expresses tba state in which a thing is, in
two fundamental forms. These are :
1. o, the subjective and ootiv formo which refers a state
or condition to the ground of ita origin, or makes that state
proceed from the subject, which may aIso be taken in quite a
general manner. as in luei8cit, grandinat, it becomes light, it
hails, and in the impersonal verbs pamitet, oportet.
2. or, too objeetive or psssive form, which refers a state
or condition to the aim or objeet of its existence, or makes it
directed toward a subject.
6. in the passive, if the subject is passive, that is, object
of some activity directed from without; hence it is, tbat
the verba tran&itiva, wh08e ootive voice requires for the
indication of the object of their ootivity the Accusative
case, adopt regularly this formo The aubject is bere
raken as general in the impersonal forros itur, curritur,
ventum est, Zicitua est, the French on vat, est ven", &e.,
tbe Gennan mano
b. in tbe deponem, if the subject s presented only as sub-
ject of the eondition, that is, 69 tbat in whicb the ootion
proceeds, without referenee whether it be ground or ob-
Ject oC action; m08tly th08e verbs in whieh too impres-
sion of the aetion on the senses oC the observer was
considered. . To these belong such passiva as have
adopted an active or reciprocal signification, as Zator, 1
aro rejoiced (by) that; or which are taken as passiva
in a certain respeet only, as cachinnor, rideor, 1 laugb,
lnasmuch as 1 am shaken by the violent eff'ect; the verba
mutua actionil, as ampZector, 1 embrace one, who at the
same time embraces me; osculor, I kiss; altercor, 1
uarrel; those witb regard to which the mpression on
the observar predominates, as imitor, 1 am formed, i. e.
1 form myself after another; fistula ejaculatur aquas,
for tbe Roman sees how the tube iI discharged, while,
for us, the tube itself discharges; and thus the inc:hoa-
Uva, MBcar, 1 aro hom, i. e. now in the state of being
bom; proficilcor, 1 am carried on, get along; lastly,
the verbs wbose actions bave referenee to the person
of the subject, hjs wishes, advantage, use, 8S nidulor,
a nest is making fOl me, 1 am making a nest to m,.-
3-

~ of Ver6.. XVI.
self; lIortWr, the lot is assigned to me, while 1 draw it
for myself.
XVI. O - ERE, iDdicating simply tbe condition, is the
fundamental form of the t/,ird conjugati07l, to which be-
long the verbe which cODtain the fundamental notioo of
a state, as esse, being; u:istere, originating ; fieri, grow-
ing, becoming; and thosewhich indicate a mere actiog
or suffering, as facere, doing; nasci, becoming born.
To this likewise are referred the derived forros:
l. do - d ere, designating a continued doiDg: Pendere
(dis-pennere, penna), 706; tendere (te2l'Uis, tenere) , ex-
tending; trdere (trua, trulla), 990; fodere (foveo,), dig-
ging, and heoce fondere, 479.
2. go-gere. a making: Sptrrgere. 922; vergere, 974;
o,mbigere (o,mbi), 68. -
3. no-nere, a doing with ita consequeoce: Spernere,
838; lnere (leo iD. delere, 330), 1033; sinere (sieTe, in'UB.
hence situs), letting lie, 292; danere (ciare), yielding over,
granting, obsolete; see facin'UB, XI, 1. '.
4. so, :to - sere, :tere, effecting, bringing something
into reality: V ~ s e r e (videre) , really seeing, seeing afier,
1017; te:eere (tegere), 976.
5. to - tere, a making connected with exertion, with ita
consequence, an intensive form: Nectere (nere), 637; ver-
tere (verrere), 1012.
6. 'UO -usre, effecting with lastiog eonsequence: Minu-
ere, minutum (mi1iO'1'), diminishing, making smaller, 690;
acuere (acus, aciesh pointing, sharpeoiog a thing; bence the
obsolete subjul1ctives of the preseot tense, duam, creduam,
duim, cred'Uim, expected cooditoDS as imagined, completed
in .tIl future. Of the supine: StiUv6re (ltare, stit'Um),
making standing, placing.
7. esso, i'sso - 88ere, a passiooate aetioo, Verbo, in
tensivo,: Capusere (capere), violently grasping al a thing:
Animalia cibum oris hiatu et dentibUB ipsis capessunt. Cc.;
fugam capere, taking to flight; capessere, hastily doing so;
magi8tratum capere, taking an office, as capable for it; ca-
pessere, with zeal and seriousness taking care, as capessere
rem publicam; laceasere, 604; petessere peti8sere (petere),
with several starts marching toward a thing, striving pas-
sionately for something.
S. eseo, rarer isco, asco, OIlCO - Icere, designates
For'7U 01 VerN. XVII - xvm. al
the beginning of a state whieh advanees toward its eomple-
tion, a beginning growing, beeoming sueh, verba inclwaliva:
Maducere (madiire, being wet), becoming wet, of the mere
beginning of this slate, without referenee to the cause; made-
fieri, getting wet from without: Postera lw: Hyadas evocat,
fIIUlta terra l1UItlucit aqutl. Ovid. PolyzllRia madefient ctZde
~ c r a Catull.; adharucere (adharere, adhering: Stella
tulhartI calo. Plin.), attacbing itself to a tbing, beginning
oC adhering: Herba barbi8 caprarum adharuc/lRB. Id. Mi-
nima butiola in sordi,,", aurium tamquam in visco inharu-
cit. Cie., remains hanging, attaches itself; contremiscere
(contremere, trembling: Calum tonitru contremit. Ce.), be-
ginning lo tremble, being eaused to tremble: Exalbuco atque
omnibus artubus contremisco. Cie.; gelare, causing to freeze,
and making ice; gelascere, beginning to Creeze; noscere
(noo, noere, not used), 905.
XVII. ID -fRE, fourth conjugation, designates a state
oC lasting activity and manifestation of power, while with
the third, the state W88 imagined as passing; hence did
later writers use linire for linere, XVI, 3: Vas coope-
.riu ac linibi8. Pallad. Derivations are:
1. irio - tirire, of the supine, designating lasting en-
deavour or intention to efrect a state; Verba desiderativa,
more eorreetly meditativa: Esurio (edere, esum, eating), 1
reel hungry; emturio (emere, emtum) , intending to buy a
tbing: Te emturientem ad mercatum crebro adducunt pedes.
Varr.; parturire (parere, part!tm), being about to give birth,
being in labor: Mou parturibal, gemitus immanu CIlRB;-
at ille murem peperiL Phmdr.
2. irio - "rire, with long penultima, designates tbe
greater and enduring efreet corresponding to lasting endeav-
our: Ligirire (lingere), 609; scatere, eontaining sometbing
in quantity, being full of it: Scalet beluis pontus. Hor.; 'CCI-
lrire, producing in number and violently, gushing fortb:
Aqua ,caturillRa; a1so solum lontibu., scaturit. Colum., is full
o wells, tllat is, it opens many and continually new ones.
3. tio - "tire, doing something after the fashion of
another: Balbutire (balbus, who stammers, aIso who pro-
DOunces the r like 1, prattling); cacutire (cacus), 157.
XVIII. EO - ERE, forro of the seeond conjugation,
.ignifies a continued being: Sidere, Billing down; sedi-
FormJJ of Verb.!. XIX. -
re, sitting; adsidere, sitting down upon a place; adsi-
dire, sitting by a thing: Asridamus, inquam, si videtur.
Cic. Furius, quum lacrimans in carcere mater asrideret,
defensionem caUSC8 SUC8 scripsit. Id.; succendere, light-
ing from below; succensire, 950. Mast verbs of this
conjugation are intransitiva; with the transitiva ones
tbe participle is added in imagination, e. g. miscere, mix-
ing, i. e. being a mixing one; docere, being a teaching
one (properly, being a thinking one, tbe Latin and
Teutonic root in tbinking, denken, being related).
XIX. O-ABE, forro of the first conjugation, designates
a making that something be perceived by the senses, a
manifesting or presenting: Fugere, fl.eeing; fogare,
causing to flee, 780; consternere, strewing on tbe
ground; consternare, consternate, making shy: equos;
magni facere, esteeming highly; magnificare, magnify-
ing, celebrating; mire, XVIII; sedare, causing to sit,
quieting; parere, giving birth; parire, appearing, being
visible, 735; parare, making ready, prepanng, procur-
ing, 764. This form attaches itself easily to nominal
forms, e. g. judicare (judex), making the judge; hu-
mare (humus), 519; limare (lima, the file), 810; autu-
mare, asserting, telling one's opinion: Autumo significat
et dico, et opinor, et enseo. Gell. Several of these
. verbs have at the same time transitive and intransitive
meaning. The derived forms correspond most lo ad-
jective forms :
1. a. igo - gare, see XVI, 2., making lasting, effect-
ing by enduring endeavour, verba effactiva: Purgare (pu-
rus), making c1ean, cleansing; navigare (navis), navigating;
fomare (f",mus), smoking, making smoke; fomificare, smok-
ing a thing; fumigare, producing smoke, fumigating, and
showing smoke: ArC8 fomant sacri/iciis. Liv. Inde ignem
in aram, ut DianC8 Arameo fumificem odore. Plaut. Mella-
riusfumigat leviter apes. Varr. Fumigantes globi. Gell.
b. With long penultima: Indagare (indu for in), 546;
fastigare, making a point upward, above, elevate; castigare
(castus), 181; vestigare (with Vesta, vestibulum, t'estis, from
tbe Sanscrit vas, dwelling), seeking one's dwelling, reating-
place, 546.
2. ico - ,care, see V; making aomething of that which
is designatad by ~ original word,80mething similar, verM
F01'm8 of Verb.. XIX. 83
auimilatit14: Fistucare (fistuca), making fast fodere, XVI,
1 humum, puteum, equum stimulis, digging def'!p; fodicare,
o i n ~ 80mething like digging, as if one would dig latus,
pushmg some one in the side dolores fodieant, acute shoot-
mg !alOS; albere (allnuJ), being w1lite albescer6, beeomiog
wbite, pule; alhieare, making or being whitish nigrare (lit-
ger), making black, and being SO; nigritare, being blockish.
With inserted n before e: Verruncare (for t1erricare, fram
t1errere), making a sor! of tum: Hae tibi bene verruneent I
may this tum out well for you. See 130.
3. ero-erare, see VIII, showing something as quality
in a high degree, in a subject: Tollere (aneient high German
tImlan), lifting, 628; tolerare, benring, tolcrating, 441 fri-
gerare (frigus) , cooling, refreshing pignerare (pignus),
making 80mething a pledge, pawnmg it pignerari, taking
something as pledge.
4. bro, tro-are, see IX, showing a capacity, the ap-
plication, use of that which i9 named by the original word:
Celebrare (celeher), 194; lucZ,rare (bu), 602; calritrare
(cal.x), kieking with the heel, being obstinate nnd restive.
5. a. iZo, 010, tilo-are, see X, 1., presenting a state
similarly, generally diminutively: Verha diminutiva (the
German syllable eln): Ventilare (t'entus, ventulus), fanning;
tolare (vis), 743; pullulare (pullus), sprouting forth; stran-
gulare (stringere). Of the supine: Postulare (poscere, pos-
citum,postum), 794; ustulare (urere,ustum), burning a little,
aingeing; opitulari (ops, opes), 139.
b. etilo - are, X, 1., of the 9upine, diminutive, rather in
a comical sense: Missiculare (mittere, missum), sending re-
peatedly: Emta antilla est, quod tut8 ad me literas missicu-
labas. Plaut.; gesticulari (gestus), making pantomimie ges-
ticulations: Gesticulandi saltandique studio tenerlo Suet.
6. UZo - are, X, 1., another diminutive form in a playful
meaning: Cantillare (cantare), singing shakes; forillare
(fovere), restoring by frequent and repeated warming; va-
tillare (vagari); cavillari (cavere) , eavilling, Liv. 9, 34.
see ffrI. .
7. no, ino-nare, see XI, 1., making something of the
kind of that which i9 nnmed by the original word: Ferru-
minare (ferrumen, putty, solder), soldering, c10sing or uniting
with putty; inquinare (co - inquere nnd coinquire, lopping,
e. g. holy trees in saered woods, eommitting aets of temerity),
267; coinquinare, making unclean; destinare (stanare fram
Forms of Verb8. XIX.
8tare), making a firmly standing thing, settling: Ratu amo-
riB destinabat. Cms. Papirium parem dutinant animiB
Magno Alexandro ducem. Liv.; BUffarcinare (farcire),
packing full. .
With long penultima, see XI, 2. Opinan, opining, ex-
peeting (ollnUJI), 94; concionari (concia), being heard by
an assembly, addressing it.
8. cinor- ari, XI, 1, d., earrying on sometbing as
(daily) oceupation: Vaticinari (vatu), being a prophet,
prophesying latrocinari (Zatro), being a professional high-
way robber; ratiocinari (ratio), ealeulating; 8ermocinari
(8ermo), discussing; alucinari (not allucinari or hallucinari, _
from (;J.VlC'l), being thought1ess, inattentive, talking nonsense:
Ista EpiCUru8 oscitans alucinat:us esto Cie.
9. mo, timo, ttimo - are, see XI,3., determining tbe
highest degree of something: Con-BUmmare (mmmus), bring-
ing into a sum, consummating, making perfeet; astimare
(as), 45. .
10. a. to, ito-are,see XII, 1., repeating an action
often and with zeaI, also being wont to do, verba frequema-
tiva seu iterativa: Mussitare (mussare), 707; ructare (ru-
gire); crocitare (crocire); jluitare (jluere); agitare (agere,
aneient high German agan) , -driving to and fro; sectari (se-
qtit), running after: Eum pueri sectantur, omnu irrident.
Cie. Is pratorem circum omniafora sectabatur. Id.
b. to, so, xo - are, of the supine, verba intensiva:
Captare (capere, captum), striving to eateh; occasionem, ri-
mm, striving 10 cause laughter; optare (see opinari, XIX,
7.),301; prendere, prehendere (premere, XVI, 1.), touehing:
aliquem manu, alicujus denram; prensare, prehensare, lay-
ing hold of something with a higher degree of zeal or desire;
luxare (luere, inus. lurum; }.vw'), dislocating.
C. ti t o - t H a r e, of the supine, an inereased frequenta-
tive form: Camitare (canere, cantare), singing often, re-
peatedIy; jactare (jacere), throwing here and there, about:
probra, minas, henee also boasting; jactitare, frequently re-
peating, praising up; venire (via, old vea,way, XVII), eom-
ing; ad-ventare being a eoming, ventitare, frequently eoming
somewhere; actitare (agere, actum), frequentIy enrrying on:
Pontidius multas privatas causas actitavit. Ce.; he had
many private suits.
11. stro -strare, see XIII, 2., showing something as
exisling in a tbing: Monstrare (monere), presenting a thing
.Adverbial Forms. XX.
88 sometbing remarkable, showing as something instructive
Uutrare (luc61'e), shedding light upon: Sol cuncta BUa luce
lustrat et completo Ce. hence, vewing, wnndering through.
12. i 88 o, from the times of Augustus also iz o - a r e,
the Greek form of the verba imitativa, whieh indicate an im-
itation connected with frequent repetition: GrtZCissare, pa-
ttVsare, playing tbe Greek, imitating the fatber: FiliUB pa-
trissat. Plaut., he is Iike hlS father. It was preferred to say
gf'tBCflri, patrem imitari: trullissare (trulla), throwing lime
against tbe wall, pIastering it.
D. .Adverbial Forms.
7. The adverbs, parta of speech which cannot be in-
flected, and by which conditions are expressed, take partIy
forms of tbeir own, partly forms of the cases, partIy they re-
tan tbe mere original sounds, as in procul, simul, curo
XX. a. Adverbial forms are :
1. e, witb adjectives of the second declension (short in
beni, male), designates a property according to its kind; ter,
with adjectives of the second and third, designates the mode:
Callide arg-uteque dic61'e; alte cad61'e. Cie. Quid-
quid acciderit, fortiter et sapienter f61'amUB. Id. Du-
re dic61'e is the hardness of expression when against good
taste duriter dicere, the tasteless manner in which the
speaker proceeds in his way of expressing himselfj vitam
duriter agere. Ter., severe. Firme, fast, firm, refers to
the kind of condition firmiter, to the manner in which it
originates or is brought to perfection: Rem firme compre-
1umdere. Cic. Milites neque ordines servare neque firmi-
ter inri&tere poterant. Creso Hilare, gay, as character of
the action j hilariter, as character of theacting person:
Hila r e vivere; H i lar i ter in omnes partes commutabimus
ut verba, ita pronuntiationem. Ad Herenn. Large bibere,
largely, much at once with respect to the mass of the liquid
largiter, respecting the drinker, if it is much for him.
Prope, propter, 598. Pra, before, in advance, before
eomething along p r a ter, past before, past by a thing.
2. ies, a multipIying form: Quoties (quot), how often,
totiu (tot), so often j and the numeral adverbs from quin-
piu, five times: senes, decies, centies, millies.
88 .Adverbial F0rm8. XX.
b. Forms of cases:
8. us, cus, SUS, tus, old Genitive forms, whieh assign
ts place to a state, or.ita origin locally, similar lo the English
sid.e, tDard, in uspiam (for cujus-piam), usquam, some-
where; nusquam,nowhere; secus, 57; mordicus (mor-
dere),bitingly: Auriculam mordicus abstulit. Cie.; ver-
sus (vertere, versum), 36; intus (in), 1)70; subtus, below,
undemeath: Cancer fotuloSU8 subtus suppurat sub carne.
Cato. Antique, in the old way: dicere. Hor.; antiquitus,
in olden times,of old, from oIden times: lEduorum anti-
quitus erat in fide civitas. Creso Divine, divinely eon-
stituted: Multa di v i n e prl1lSensa et prezdicta reperiuntur.
Cie., prophetieally; divinitus, of divine origin, by divine
inspiration, direetion: Divinitus ea potius, quam casufacta
eBse dicamus. Cie. Humane, humanely, is the aetion if it
has the eharaeter of aman of fine sentiment and edueation :
Grezci morbos toleranter atque humane ferunt. Cie., with
submission; humaniter, if the mode of aetion of men in
general, or, also, o well edueated, is observed: Docebo te,
quid sit humaniter vivere. Cie., i. e. making one's self
eomfortable; sin aliter acciderit, humaniter feremus. Id.,
i. e. we shall not trouble ourselves too mueh; humanitus,
, with regard to the origin: Si quid mihi humanitus acci-
disset. Id., something human; ursi humanitu8 strati.
Plin., as we see it with men. Funditus (fondus), tmer-
tere, down on the bottom, from the bottom; radicitus (radv),
tmellere, tearing out with the root. -
4. i s, Genitive termination: Sat, satis, enough, suffieient:
Tantum, quantum sat esto Cie. Satis superque vWisse. Id.
Nimis, too mueh: Nimis multa, nimis sope, nim8 in-
siditrrum; nimium, too mueh eonsidered of itself, the super-
abUDdance: Magia offendit nimium, quam parvm. Cie.
Tempus nimium longum videtur. Id. Miigis, 659, of which
the adjecL neut. exista atill. But foris, 464, the AblaL of
the plural.
. i, another obsolete Genitive form for designating lo-
cality and time: Domi, at home, in one's country: domi
mete, suez, CtUariSj domi bellique; but putlica in dOMo.
Cic., of the building; 80 vesperi, at eve; heri, yesterday;
meridie, at noon; postridie, on the following day, for fIIeri,
po8lri. diei. But it is Ablative termination in qu, how; lid
(_), in the day time; tempori, teIJfIeri, by time.
,"
Adverbitil Forma. XX. 3'1
6. a" the old Genitive form of the first declension: Cras,
to-morrow; alias, 57.
7. im, an old Aeeusative form: Olim, 59; 1&ine (for
himce), from bere; cfam, obsolete calim (celare), 207; inte
rim, meaawhile; and in utrimque, extrinsecus, intrinsecus,
altril'UJecus, fOl' eJ:teri1n, &c.; partim (pars), partly.
-tim, sim, with long penultima, as supinal form, signifies
a mode, distributively, that with referenee to a number each
taken singl.y: Particulatim, by parts; viTitim, by men, i. e.
by heads, man for man; summum, at the highest; summa
tim, in a sum, generally: Bis terve summum literas acce-
pi. Cie. COgnoSce8 a me pauca et ea summatim. Id.
Gravate, with displeasure, in an unkindly manner: Com-
ttll' manstrat viam, noft gravate. Cie.; gravatim, with
diffieulty, going reluctantly at something: Mezentius kaM.
gravatim socia arma Rutulis j'll/nnt. Liv.
8. e t the neutral adjective terminatioIf of the third deelen
sion, in pro pi, fer, 942; sublime, high, upward and above;
farlle, easyj difficile, more eommonly dijJiciliter, dijjiculter,
difficult; of otber adjectires indicating quality, it is rarer, as
immane quantum, suave, &C. Of substantives this is Ablative
fOnD, as farte (fors), 467.
9 m, the neutral adjective form of the second deelen-
slon, alm08t oniy used for determination of measure: Quan.
tum, how mueh; mirum quantum, exeeedingly mueh mini
m e, tbe least, not at aU: Mi n i m e gratum spectaculum. Liv. j
minimum, at the least, very liule: Partes minimum acto-
gi1a. Varr. - For time, if order and sequence is expressed:
Primum, tertium, the first, the third time; iterum (ita), again
postremum, the last time; ultimum, the last time CQunted
from the beginning: Vestigium iUad, in q!J,() CrasBIU pos
tremum institit. Cie. Domos suas, ultimu7ll illud visuri,
"ervagabantur. Liv. j further in umquam, unquam (quum-
quam), ever; nunquam, nevero
10. am, Aeeusative form of the first deelension: CorQ;/ll
(Etrurian cora, preseDee, of os, ora), 85; pdlam (pala an-
rauli, the box of t1le ring, in whieh is the stone j heDce palari
"1Uld palma), publicly, 756; bifriam, trifariam, omnifariam,
Be. partem (fcere), in two, throe parts; on two, tbree, aU
!lides; perperam (perperus, 1ri(11rf(>O')' 427.
11. ti, nn old Dative form iD huc, istuc, illuc (for lutce),
hithcr, thitherj and Ablative form in di" (diel, tille), long, "
.elUo
4
~ ..
38
12. bi; likewise ao old Dative and Ablative form; as na-
tive still in sibi; as Ablative, in ibi (is), even, tbere; ubi
(qui), wbere.
13. o, tbe Dative and Ablative formof tbe second declen-
sion; as Dative form, in eo (is),thereto, thitherj quo (qui),
wbither j intro, ultro, citro, retro; as an Ablative Corm, in
primo,secundo, tertio, postremo, ultimo, at tbe first, seeond,
last place, see XX, 9. j ultimo templis dona detra:cit. Suet.,
finally, at tbe end. Aut ambigue scriptum, aut contrarie.
Cie., in an opposite manner; Hamilcar numquam Msti cessit,
sapeque e contrario lacessivit. Nep., on the contrary.
Multum, mueh, many times: Res multum et stEpe qu.ce-
sita. Cie.; multo, by a great deal: Iter multo facilius
atqu e;epeditius. Creso - As participial termination, it refers
tbe aetion to tbe actor: C o g ita t e verbo. facere, scribere,
thinkingl y, eonsiderately, eonsidering the action; consulto el
cogitato fit ;injuria. Cie., witb. intention, and foreeast.
Caute atqtte consulte rem gerere. Liv., cautiouslyand con-
siderately; Consulto el de industria factum ese malefici-
um. Cie., witb foretbougbt, 549. Composite et apte dicere.
Cie., well composed and in good order; Composite ac sine
pavore ambulare. Colum., in proper keeping, ealmly; Ali-
quid c'omposito facere. Nep. Tum e:c composito orto.
vis. Liv., eonformably to agreement. Dupliciter, douhly,
twofold: Maledicta in eum dupliciter recidunt. Cie.
B if a r i a m quatuor perturbationes lEqualiter distributlE sunt.
Cie., in two parts j Romani signa bipartito intulerunt.
Cres., twofold divided, in two divisions; Idfit bipartito.
Nam tum causa, tum res ipsa removetur. Cic., in a twoCold
manner.
14. , tbe Ablative Corm oC tbe first declension, is always
used witb a substantive understood, supposed: Ea, sc. via,
parte, re, ro,tione, since, on tbat account, tberefore j ~ ~
inaslDuch; frustra (frustera re), in vain, 475; una, 298;
itttra,citra (intera, citera parte), 570,205:
a, sbort, is tbe form oC tbe Accusative plur. neut. in it4
(u), tberefore.
E. ReduplictJtion.
8. It. reduplication of tbe radical syllable, or, aIso, oC
the wbole; word, signifies geJlerally also reduplication oC tbe
meaning.
. Pronominal Forms.
. .
XXI. l. The radical syllable prefixed to tbe word, gives,
in some verbs, the meaning to the preterlte: Tendo, t l tend;
tuRdo, ",tud; parco, pe perci; posco, po posci; in other
verils, it indicates a cQDtinuance of the slAte, with changing
degree of intensity: Tinnire (tonua), sounding; titinnire,
tixtinnire, tintinnare, sounding continually with changing
oscillations; t'tubare (Teutonic root in tappen), reeling, stag-
gering; ttllare, tickling.
2. The radical syllable as cbief part, joined with the form
of the word: Ppua (puer), the litde one, tbe little boy;
palpare (pala, see palma, XI, 3, .]), 967.
3. Reduplieation of the wbole body of tbe word, redoubles
likewse the wbole force and meaning of tbe word, as many
languages redouble wbole words, e. g. in Italian, grande
grande, very large; in Spanisb, mucho muclw, very indeed ;
or as we say, quite quite litde, for very litde indeed: Si me
amas,8U8cipe meme totum. Ce. Juatitia propter sese co-
knda est. Id. Henee pronomina indejinita reeeive by redu-
plieation an entirely general meaning, as quisquis, wboever
it may be, whosoever, wben the WM does not refer to one in
the multitud.e, but to one whoever tbat may be; quanti quanti,
bowever dear, bowever high in priee, vruue: Sed quanti
quanti, bene emitur, quod necease esto Ce.; ubiubi, where-
ever; quoquo, whithersoever; quaqua, wherever, on whatever
side; undeunde, whencesoever, if we discard the idea of
nearer determination of magnitude, number, place.
F. Pronominal Forms.
9. The pronoun of the tbird peNon, whieh distngushes
it from the person of tbe utterer and the addressed individual,
is, in ita fundamental form, ls, he, onIy indieating o. 8ubjeet;
88 demonstrativum, that; as relativum, when it refera the
aubject which it designates to an assertion made in the nen
preceding or next followng part of the sentence, or entire
&entence, it is Qu, wbo, and tbese two in reference lo one
BDother are called correlativa; the interrogative form Quis '1
wbo? uu for one as a mere subjeet among several; the in-
definite tOrm Quis, one, some one, in the middle of a sen-
tence, only mentions such a subjeet as one among many; tbe
general form Quisquis, whosoever, takes the "some one" in
the most general sense, see 8. The generle form, bow-
ever, which indieates one as belonging to a certain kind,
40 Pronominal Forma. XXII - xxru.
genus, c1ass, ",ith distinct qualities, gives the interrogati'IJum
Qui'l wbicb? wbat sort of a one? tbe indefinitum Qui,
one, and tbe generale QuicwulUJ, wbosoever one may be.
Quis deus '1 asks for a god among tbe rest of the gods: Is it
Jupiter, Mercury, or Apollo? Qui deus'l asks for bis char-
neter: Is tbis the mighty, merciful, heavenly god? tbe god
of tbe sun or tbe sea? Hence originate, for tbe pronomina-
lia, wbich indicate magnitude, degree, number, property,
time, and place, tbe following series oC forms:
Correlativa.
XXII.
A blotota. Retan..... Demonlt. Intemlp.t. Inddoka. UnlnraaUa.
J. U, he. qlli i. 'l'n.? quu
ll.
3.
4.
o.ja ..
6. ita
7.
8.
9. ibi
10. eO
1\ /1
12. irule
qui? q'A
tptanl'u tantu. 'l',anlu.? aliquantru quantusquantru q u n t l l ~
qrlOt tol qual 1 tiquot q1lOtqNOt IJIIIJtnI"'l'"
qualiB talu qnalu ? qtltiscunlJ!"
qtlll.m. ta... qua ... ? qua'" lJIIamqtlam
uf, "ti ita uf ? ulut
quot;'. tON' fUOIie.? aliquatie.
lJIIum tu... ftUml
qrlantJ? quantlo
ibi tJIi ? alicuDi
quo el> qua 1 aliq .. "
qua ea 'li,a? aliqrla
"rule inde "rule 1 alic,mde
quaruloeunque
tricunlJllt
qllocunqlH
q/lacunqllc
.. ,uieeurllJUt
~ 10. References to the person of the utterer are indicated
by additions at the beginning of pronominal words; references
from bim to something witbout, by terminations.
XXIII. Additions at te beginning, antl prefirced sylla-
bles.
1. H, N, D, T, C. By H, tbe utterer points at lbat
wbich loeally is nearer lo him, in hie, this one, Me, be re,
huc, hitber, kinc, hence, in contrndistinction to tbat which
locaIly is fartber removed, ille, lhat one, &O. By N, in 2l1mC,
nam, nempe, he points at tbat before bim, in as far as it touches
upon the preceding subject; by D, in dttm, he points &t too
subject befare mm as continuous series; by T, in tum, at tile
sequel, inasmuch as it has tbe subject before him behind it;
by C, in cum, quum, at tbings belonging to one anotber.
2. E, sbort, lays more stress upon the word wilh reference
to the utterer in ego, as in enim; equidtlm; ecastlJr, equirine.
edepol (il-epul), with inserted d, by Castor, by Quirinus, by
Apollo, affirming.
Pronominal FONIi8. XXIV. 41
3. Ee sharpens the question, demanding attention to the
interrogative word, and giving greater force to it, in ect'll,
ecqv.i1 who? (when we pronounce it with a.prolonged sound
of 00, as if written whoo-oo 1); ecquando, when? ecquo,
whither? (all with a prolonged pronuneiation in Englisb),
aIso in ecce, behold! Ecqui8 ho1TW ad Hannibalem trans-
fogit 1 'that is, Has but ne deserted to Hannibal? (one sin-
gle one?); E e q u i 8 his in aJdibus C8t 1 in the affirmative
sense: 8me-one must be there; but if we ask with num quis,
we have negation in our mind: Num qua ve8trom ad CaJ'
dem accom1TWdatus est 1 Nemo. Cie.
4. AL, any, some. Aliquis, is not the one, Quis. in a
multitude, imagined with certain marks of dilltinetion. but one
of them who has more or reB8 of too magined marks of die-
tinction of the multitude. Aliquantum, a magntude, indefi.
nite, whether it have the imagined measure or not; hence, a
considerable, aI?d a little. Orator, II quando onu n,
ah itiferi8 t68le8 e:ecitabit. Ce., if perhaps, ir sorne time, of a
point of time, indefinite whether in the present time, the past,
. or the future; ..impla d01m/,$ dedecori domino 8tepe jit, si est
in ea 80litudo; et mazime, 8i a li q u a n do alio domino Bolita
est frequeman. Id., if some time or other, indieates that the
"sorne time" may also happen at a period nearer or more
remote than the imagined one. Alibi, aliunde, somewhere
else, from somewhere else; alicubi, alicunde, somewhere
else, anywhere, from some place or other, from any place.
XXIV. Afoes, SJlllable8 attached to the Ena of Pro-
nominal Word,.
1. MET, self, lays additional stress on the personality
expressed by the word, and is used oo1y with tbe words ego,
tu, nos, V08, M, and 8UU8: Proximus sum egomet mihi.
Ter. Memet mei paJnitet. Cie. Tutemet mirabere. Ter.,
not tvmet. O U . ~ suamet ipae 8celera non ouultabat. Sall.,
bis own (his very own crmes). .
2. PSE (lJI), self, referring baek a subject oC one of the
three persons toifB own ego, and is infleeted in ip8e (is-pae): .
Sibimet ipBi flam ad Aonores aperiu:nt. Liv., tbey them-
selves (and no others), as active subjeet; Majorem tibi fidem
Aczbui, patA pene ipBi mihi. Cie., even to me, myself (and
to no other person), as suffering objeet.
PTE limita, in the Ablatives of meua, tuua, suus, no8ter,
.,.",., the ~ o n to 100 indicated penon; in utpote, as,
4- .
42 Pronominal FOrmll. XXIV.
namely .. explanatory, it limita the cause to an eireet under
consideration: N o s t r a p t e culpa, by our own guilt; Atomi
feruntur in locum itiferiorem suopte pondere. Cie. Incom-
moda valetudinejam emerseram, utpote quum sine febri la-
borassem. Id.
3. TE pointa at the second person only, partly in strengtb-
ening the tu, partly with is designating the object whieh the
addressed person is desired to remember; henee it is infteeted
in this case: Ut tute mihi prcecepisti. Cie. You there.
Nisi quid tibi in te t e rm:xilii est, absumtus es. Plaut. Venw
nltllC ad istius quemadmodum ipse appellat, studium; ut
amici ejus, morbum et insaniam. Cie., i. e. oC Verres, of
whom I am talking to you. .Armorum ista et victoria aunt
jacta, non Casaris. Id., that there, whieh you mean.
4. CE (belongs to tis), with demonstratives, pointa at an
object, the situation of whieh the utterer refers to where he
stands: Pater te amat plus, quam hosee oculo . Ter. Thus in
ecee 1 and abbreviated in hie, here, near to the speaker; istie,
there, near the addressed person; illie, Ihere, at a distance
from the speaker; in nunc, donec, for hice, numce, tumee,
dumce; interrogating in hiccine'l this one there?
5. QUE lends distributive meaning to indefinita : Quisque,
856. Usque (for cujus-que), 1039. Utique, in every way
nnd manner, at aU eventa: Faba Pythagorei utique absti-
nuere. Ce. Si utique novum aliquem consulem creari veZ-
lento Liv., at aU eventa, if they needs want to eleet. Commota
plebs est, utique postquam sordidatum. reum viderunt. Id .
. Ubique, anywhere, 1004.
6. CUMQUE or CUNQUE, generalizes relativa: Quat.
quot, how many soever, so many as, XXI, 3., takes a number
of things in its whole extent, without fartber determining it;
Quotcunque, as many as there may be, however many: Si
leges duce, aut, quotquot erunt, non possint.
Cie. Magistratus, quoteunque senatus creverit pondUSVfS
jusserit, t d t sunto. Id.
7. PE (Osean for que), even, well, gives affirmative or
confirmative power to a word: Quippe, Nempe, 860, 1016.
8. EM direets attention to 80mething really existing: Hem
iM ay, as interjection: He m, quid istuc est '1 ut tu incedis 1
Plaut. En, 384. - NEM points at something inasmuch as
it is eonnected with 80mething antecedent, hence at a cause
or reason, as in nempe, 1016; in enim, 710. Casar Dumno-
rigem retrahi imperat: ri vi", jacial neqU8 pareat, interjd
Pronominal Forms. XXIV.
43
jubet. llle enim revocatus remtere ac se manu defendere
crepito Cres., i. e. Cesar had good reason for it, for he, &C.
- DEM designates an object as the same, in idem (is-dem),
even he, the very same, 397; idemtidem (with inserted t),
954; eodem, even thereto; eadem, even there, in precisely
tha same manner; indidem (inde) , from the same place;
tantundem, just as mucb, according to quantity; totidem, ac-
cording to number; quidem (quid - dem), indeed, at least,
aignifies identity in a certain respecto - TEM points at
equality of the sequel with refereJ.lce to somcthing preceding,
in item (id-tem), 589; autem (.ni, or), 913.
9. AM designates degree, in quam, how much, i. e. in
what degree,28; tam, so much, in such a degree, 23. Quam
tberefore, gives a higher degree of uncertainty to inde.finita;
bence they stand, on aecount of their negative sense, always
in connexion with negations, or with questions of a negative
character: Unquam, ever; nunquam, never; nequaquam, by
no means, in no respeet; neutiquam (ne-uti-quam), in 00
manoer, oot io the least: Casaris copire n e q u a q u a m erant
tanta, ut as conjideret. Creso lndissolubiles vos quidem
use non potestis, n e u t i q u a m tamen dissolvemini. Cie.-
PIAM (pe, 7), on the other hand, expresses a positive
sanse: Quisquam is one, if he exist anywhere, conditional,
and in a negative meaning; Quispiam, one, who is sorne
where, unconditional, 856. Fien nullo modo potest, ut quis-
quam alterum plus diligat, quam se. Cic. Hereditas est
pecunia, qua morte alicujus ad q u e m pi a m pervenit jure. Id.
So usquam, uspiam, somewbere: lste, cui nullus esset us-
quam consistendi locus, Romam se retulit. Cic. $ve est
illo. lez seripta uspiam, sive nusquam. Id.; nuspiam does
not appear in the Latin writers. - A n '1 as interrogative, 76.
Jam, 522, now, already, compares the moment of time, or
degree of completion of a slate arrived at, with the preceding;
Etiam, 397, a still higher degree. - NAM, 710, for,
namely, adds to a preceding assertion a reason, an expla-
nation, by which it becomes clearer, easier to be understood.
An explanation of this kind is requisite also for the interroga-
tives quisnam'! quinam'! who then? ecquisnam '1 ubinam '1
Crotoniatas opinio non fefellit. N a m Zeuris quresivit ab
ris, quasnam 1)irgines formasas haberent'! Cie. DAM, in
quidam, a certain, points at one of the number of tbe qu,
leaving uneertaio whieh; quoddam, is a eertain thing; quid-
tlaa, taken in general, somethiog certain: Mercator qui-
Pronominal Form.s. XXIV.
damfoit Syracusis senex. Plaut. Fuit quoddam lempus,
quum in agris komines passim vagabantur. Cie. In isla po
(tribunicia) inest q u id d a m mali. ' Id. Quid feceras 1
-Paulum quiddam. Ter. Witb adjeetives, quidam indio
-cates a degree arbitrarily to be supposed: Te natura exeel
sum quendam, et altum, et humana despicienttm genuit.
Cie., somewhat, tbat is, eonsiderobly, very.
10. UM designates a period of uneertai duration, in um
'quam or unquam, ever, in the past or future: Isocrales pra-
stat omniml8; qui un q u a m orationes attigerunt. Cie. Cave
posthac un q u a m istuc verbum ex te audiam. Ter. - NUM,
now, the period from the point of the present, with referenee
to the past next preeeding: Urt:ca quoqv.e n um medetur v-ul-
neribttS. Plin., (rare); genel'ally as interrogative, 76; and
of time, nunc is more in use, 522. - during, 378,
points at a present duration of time, in nondum, not yet; mu-
lusdum, tlO one yet, and in imperatives: Mane d um. Plaut.,
only wait. Iteradum eadem isla mihi. Ce., only repeat.-
TUM, then, 522, refers to a period in tbe past or future;
etiamtum, also tben, also there: Initio reges diversi par8 in
genium, alii corpus exercebant: e tia m t u m vita hominum
sine cupiditate agitabatur, sua cuique satis placebant. Sallo
Corresponding to tbis is the correlativum.-CUM or Quum,
when, as, by wbieh a state or eondition is referred as cote m-
porary with that whieb is indeated by tum, tune, or also as
cause to an etreet. As preposition, tbe cum signifies with,
together, jointly, 298, a eonnexion, e. g. mecum, nobiscum,
and thus in eompounds: Conferre, carrying together; con-
8cius, knowing with another or others about a thing; e o tri-
primere, eompressing, pressing together.
11. O, signifies an aim, see XX, 13. - DO, in quando
(quom for quum-do), when, of an indefinite point of time in
tbe past, present, or future, interrogative, relative, and in-
de.ftnite, 853.
12. DE, from, in inde, from thenee; unde, from whenc i
and P ER, tbrough, in tantisper, as long as, of uninterrupted
duration; they are prepositions.
LATIN SYNONYMES.
A.
1. A, AB, E, Ex, DE, of, from. A, A b, a motion from
eoroe point, coming from, desigli.ates a horizontal direction;
De, away from a certain point, away downward, designates
an oblique or perpendicular direction; E, E:c, from out the in-
terior, toward without. Moreover, if used before consonanta,
A b designates part c10se by; E:c, from out the very inmost;
A and B are used with reference to the wherej'rotn, observed
froro a distance: Diu a b fuisti a noMs; Rosa recens a loa-
ginquo olet; Ex longinquo boves arcessere; Aconitum
procul et e longinquo mures necat.
a. A, being derived from something, coming from; De,
away from a surface downward, used also of taking away
from; hence it is used for treating of something, on account
of, with respect to: Discessit a puero, from his side ; d e fo-
ro, from the roarket; A media nocte, from the beginning; de
BOCte, in the course of the night, afier ita beginning or before
its end; Rex a me cohortes d e exercitu meo postulabat; Hoc
audio de inimico a b accusatore; Lber non de puero scrip-
CUB, sed a puero; A b stergere vulnus, wipe off, wipe to the
lIide; detergere, wipe down, away, e. g. falds polluta
aciem.
b. A signifies the starting.point of a movement; De, the
aim or final point: Ad Verrem de duxit Tertiam, vi a b-
duclam.
C. E, in compounds, means out of it; in sorne, throughout,
iocreasing the strength of the meaning: Egelidus, from
which the cold has fied, tepid; and alsq; throughout cold,
ice-cold; exarare, to bring out by ploughing, and to obtain
by ploughing.. A b normis, deviating from the rule; e normis,
in which all norma, rule, is wanting, irregular, over-Iarge.
46 2. Abdere. ..A bominari.
2. ABDERE, CONDERE, ABsCONDERE, ABSTRUDERE, RET.RU.
DERE; OcCULERE, OCCULTARE. To hide, a. by change of place
is Abdere, to do away, to hide, e. g. se in sylvas; Con
dere, to put together, to keep and preserve: Testudo
abdidit cornea corpus domo, nec ladi potest con di ....
Abscondere, to keep, preserve in a hidden place, Re
condere, in a remote, distant place: Res abscondita;
something kept hidden, of which we do not allow others to
know; litera reco.ndita, those which we keep for our
selves and al\ow rarely fo be seen. Abstrudere, to push,
drive awayand into a depth; Retrudere, into a remote
deep corner: Me ~ silvam abstrusi densam. - b. by
covering: Occulere, to envelope, veil; Occultare, XIX,
10, b, to hide carefully: Alcibiades penitus in Thraciam
se abdidit, sperans ibi suamfortunam occuli posse. Nep.
Natura partes corporis turpes contexit atque a b d i d i t; qtuB
autem o c c u 1 t a v i t, eadem omnes removent ah oculis. Cic.
3. ABESSE, DISTARE; DEEssE, DEFICERE. a. Abes3e,
to be away, at a distance, used of the length of the distance;
Distare, to stand asunder, to be remote, used of the
interval: Astutia a b e s t a prudentia; di s t a t que . longi&.
aime, Cic.-b. Abessc, to be absent, not there; Dec8sc,
to .be wanting, of the sensible want of something necessary-:
Argentum deerat. Deficere, to begin to be wanting,
gradually to diminish and become exhausted: Vires ct tela
mjlitibus deficiunt. Cres. Dies me dcficit. Cic., is DOt
sufficient. .
4. ABIRE, ABSCEDEaE, DECEDERE, DIscEDERE, DlGREDl,
FACEiSERE. Abire, tolo off, away from a place: lidem,
abeunt, qui venerant. bscedere, to recede from sorne.
thing, to depart: Nec armis aut loco 8UO miles a b s c e-
debato Liv. Decedere, to go away; de via, making
room; provincia, de provincia, parting; ex provincia, leav
ing it: Discedere, to go from one another, to separate:
U;r:or a Dolabella di s c e s s i t. Cic. e provincia, io remove
from it; decedere, de vita decedere, to die, to leave
our sphere of action; discedere a, ex vita, to depart from
the living. Digredi, to go away, and to . sorne other
place. Faces,cre, XVI, 7., to leave quickly by order:
Facc8sc, hinc Corinthum! Liv., begone I
5. ABOI\IINARl, DETESTARI, EXSECRARI, AVERSARl, AB.
HORRERE. Abominad, to .abhor somethin$ as portend.
ing something bad (omen) e. g. mentionem Jwdi faciaoris.
6. Absolvere. 9. .A.bstirums.
4'7
Detutari, to wisb sorne evil away from us ot upon
sorne one, to imprecate, curse: Dii, avertite et detesta-
mini hoc omen. In caput alicujus detestad minas pera.
culatue. Te tamquam,auspiciummalum detestantur. Ez-
Becrari, to wish Cor divine revenga upon tbe head (in caput
alicujus) of sorne one, to curse: Milites tibi pestem exoptant,
te e:uecrantur. Aversari, XIX, lO, h., to abominate
something disguating with violent excitement: Milites sua
facinora aversari deoslamenta7ltur. Tae. .Abhorrere,
lBUfA omnes ahhorrehant, ut aliquam immanem ac perni-
to shudder baek, to have violent abhorrence of something :
ciosam hestiam pestemque fugiehant. Ce.
6. ABsOLVERE, PERFICERE, CONFICERE, EFFICERE, Ex-
SEQUI, PERAGERE, P ATRARE, PERPETRARE. To complete
8Omething, is .A b s o 1 ver e, if its parts are complete; Pe r-
ficere, ifthey are perfeet: Pltidias potest a primo institu-
ere signum idque pe r f i e e re: potest ab alo inchoatum acci-
pere et ahso lvere. Cie. -To bring to an end: Confice-
re, to put a stop to, e. g bellum, if various acts belong to tbe
whole; Efficere, to bring ahout, to effect, if the final oh-
jeet has been obtained: Libri ad Varronem sunt effecH.
Cic. Ell:sequi, to execute according to prescription, order,
8. g. ojJicium, alicujus mandata. Peragere, to earry
through, if tbe business required constant aetivity to tbe end,
8. g. falndam, consulatum. PiJtrare (pater, XIX), to pre-
sent something as aetually effected, completed, when the
autbor and effeet are elearly seen; e. g. cadem, hellum, in-
ctqJta. Teucris prom8sa patravit. Cie. Perpetrare,
to bring about completely, witb referenee to publieity: Non
t:reditur, niri perpetrqtum, facinus. Liv.
7. AUONtrS, ABSURDUS. Absonus, sounding badly;
A h8Urdu8 (abs-auris, VII), sounding painfully; bence
clumsy, stupid: VOIl: admodum ahsona et ahsurda. Cie.,
as cause and effeet.
S. ABSQUB, SINE, CITRA. Without, in absque, exc1u-
eWn; in Sin e, want, opp. cum; in C U r a, XX, 13., a com-
plete mensure oot yet obtained: .Absque te e,set,hodie non
vit1erem. Plaut., i. e. if thou hadst not been. Narrati01l.UfA
moda el finiB esse cUra divisionem nullus potest. Quinet.
Ooly lo be fouod with later writers.
9. ABsTINENs, c.TINENS, TEMPERAN S, MODESTUS. Abs-
""e"8, abstemioull, to' keep aloof of external eharms;
Coati"ens, lo keep one's appetites subdued, bridled, lo
10. Abundare. 12. AcceMe1"t.
govern one's self: Ab8tinente8 manus, oculi. Conferte
hujvs Ubidines cum illius continentia. Cic. Temperan8
(tempus, XIX, 3.), moderating one's self, mitigating the
violent passions aecording 10 reason . Mode8tu8 (modus,
XIII, 1.), modest, decorous, be who observes the proper limits
of that wbich is decorous, decent, and respectable: Hominem
petulantem mode8tum reddo. Cie. Homo in omnibus vital
partibus moderatu8 ac temperan8. Id. Temperatu8
and mode8tu8 is tbe person who is versed in these virtues.
10. ABUNDARE, REDUNDARE, AFFLUERE; ABUNDE, AF-
JrA.TIM. Abundare (unda, XIX), to have in abundanee,
plenty; Redundare, to bave more than requisite, not able
10 contain the abundance, overtlowing; Ajjluere, to have
abundance pouring in from without: .Estiva Nilus a b u n d a t
aqua; Lacus Alhanus redundavit, isque in mare fluz:it.
Cic., to overtlow. Hence A-bundare is used of useful or
not unneeessary things, e. g. divitiis; Redundare, of un-
necessary ones: Dgito uno redundat. Vita afflut
voluptatibus. Cic.-Abunde, more tban necessary, of tbat
whieb is:Abundanter, of the application of plenty; Af-
jiitim (ad, as in admodum,-jatis, XX. 7.), in superabun-
dance, i. e. in n degree in which the superabundance is use-
lesa or erelltes distaste: Armorum of j a t i m erat captorum
Carthagine. Liv. .
11. ACCEDERE, ADlRE, ApPROPINQUARE. Accedere, 1o
step 10 it, to come in addition to it, from near and as acere-
tion: Ad te supplex accedo; Adire, 10 walk to it, frm a
distance and from interest; Appropinquare, 10 approaeh,
used only of local approach. Ad rem publicam accedere,
10 enter upon a publie employment; adire, C. Manil. 24, 10
interest one's self for tbe public wea!. .Edui finibus Bello-
vacorum appropinquabant. Creso
12. ACCERDERE, INCENDERE, INFLAMMARE, CREMARE, U-
RERE, COMBURERE, AMBURERE. A c c e n d er e, 10 light from
without, e. g. lucernam; [ncendere, to ligbt something by
fire broulJht in, e. g. urbem. [ njl a m m a r e, 10 make blaze:
Classem ,nflammari incendiquejussit. Cic. Cupidita-
t.em ncendere, 10 excite; injlammare, 10 ~ k e violent,
and bring to an eruption. Cremare, 10 bum to ashes:
Salla primus igni voluit cremari. Cic. Urere, to singe
or bum the surface of a body by glowillg heat, or buming:
Terra quadam uruntur calore. [n corpore aliquid uri
secarique patimur. Cie.; also uritj'rigus, calceus. Como
13. Accitlit. 16. AccwCU'e.
burere, to bum togetber; Amburere, to bum nU around,
only hal{: ComburamuI annales. Calanus lftd", flJ1U8
combu,tu, esto Cie. Ambu,tus flatu vaporl. Liv.
13. AeelDIT, CONTINGIT, OBTINGIT, EVENIT, ODVENIT,
U8I1 VENIT. Accidit(cadere, from the fnlling of dice:
Omnia cadunt secunda), it happens by necident, hnving in-
ftuenee upon something else; Contingit, it comes to pass,
succeeds, happening to coincide with something else; Ev i-
nit, it foUows, used of ihe result of an event: Timebam, ne
evenirent ea, qua acciderunt. Cie. Non cuivis homini
contingit adire Corinthum. Hor. Obtingerc, to {aU to
tbe lot o{ sorne one by aceident; O b v.c n i r e, as consequencc
o{ good luck,of the 101, election; Usu venire, to fullow
according to experience, and regularly: Pro"iDcia alieui o b-
tigit and obveait. Cie. MiAi fundUl bereditate obve-
nit. Varr. Cicero ea, qUtB nune usu veniunt, cecinit ut
vates.
14. ACilOMMODARE, APTA RE; APTU8, IDONEus, CONNO-
DllS, HABILIS. Accommodare, to fit something to some-
tbing, so that it has the proper measure (modus); A p t a r e
(apere, XIX, 10, b.), to attach something, to put something to
a thiog so tbat it attaches itsel{, e. g. annuJum digito. Coro
nam sibi ad caput accommodare. Cic. Aptatis arm8
milites in ordines eunt. Liv.-Aptus, nttached, fitted to it,
fitting, befitting, proper: A p t a compositio membrorum cor-
por8; Calcei apti ad pedem. Cie. Idoneus (videre, XI,
2.), seleet, fit {or a certain purpose: Prasidia 10eis ido n e i s
dispolUit. Liv. Duces idonei ad bellum. Id. In Aptus
fitoesa exists; in Id o n eus, it rests upon our opinion O{ it.
Commo dua, aceording to measure (modus), i. e. just tit,
convenient, com{ortable, fit for use without inconvenience:
Ad cursum commoda vestis. Ovid. Habili, (habere, X,
1.), that which is easy to be held, eomfortable ~ u s e it fits
well, suits: Gladius ad propiorem pugnam habilis. Liv.
15. ACCUMBERE, DISCUMBEltE, AcCUBARE. Accumbere,
to lie down on a settee at tabla for a meal; Di,cumbere.
o{ several guests, to distribute themselves around the table;
Accubare, 10 lie at the table, to be at dinner: Diseubu-
ere torI TheseU8 eomitcsque laborom. Ovid.
16. ACCUSARE. REUlIl AGERE, FACERE, INCUSARE, ARGU-
ERE, INSlMULARE; ACCUSATOR, ACTOR, PETITOR. A c cu-
s a r e, 10 accuse, especially legally; R e u m a g e r e, fa e e r e,
to represent soma one as.guilty in a legal action; Ineusare,
5
50 17. Acer. 19. Acie8.
to inculpate, eharge some one;aceuse not in a legal way, or
in eourt: Gabinium de ambitu r e u m j e ci t Sulla. Ce.
Arguere, to prove that one be guilty. Insimulare, to
eharge with fietitious guilt: Inaontem insimulas. Ter.-
Accusator, the aeeuser; in causal publical, the person who
had been ehosen to earry on the aetion against the aeeused
person (reus r, A c t o r; but in causal privatal, Pe t i t o r, the
plaintiff, who by way of law mues demands against the de-
fendant (is unde petitur): Accusatorem pro omni acto-
re et petitore appello. Cie.
17. ACER, ASPER, ACERBUS, AUSTERUS, AMARus; VERE-
MENS, FEROX. Acer, biting, sharp, e. g. acetum; Asper,
rough, thorny-, priekly, e. g. sentes; and unfriendly, rough in
manners: Homines natura asperi atque omnibus iniqui.
Cie. Acerbus, tart, aeerb, e. g. pirum, i. e. unripe; bence
harsh, hurting our feelings, our heart, e. g. mors. Homo
immani acerbaque natura. Cie. Austeru8, that whieh
mues the tongue dry, rough, e. g. vinum, i. e. old wine whieh
has grwn tart. AmarU8, bitter, opp. dulcis; angry, he
who mues others feel his disappointment: A mariorem
me 8enectus jacit, stomachor omnia. Cie.-Acer, sharp, oC
vivid, exeiting power, keen, e. g. hiems, SensU8 videndi, bel-
lum, cans, leo, biting, grim; equus, quiek, fleet; memoria:
A cer ac diligena animadversor vitiorm, severe, he who is
aecurate in his demands. Vel,emen8, old Vemen8, prop-
erly he who, from passion, does not properly use his reason
(ve-mena), violent, passionate, impetuous: Tecum vehe-
m e n t er me agere jateor, iracunde nego. Cie. Homo ve-
hemen8 et violentus inimicitias mihi denuntiavit. Id. Fe-
,. o:r, he who relies and prides himself on his strength like a
savage, unrestrained, wanton, insolent, proudly hold, e. g.
equus, e l e p ~ Cacus jero:r viribus. Liv. JugurtAa
sceleribus sus j e r o :ro Sallo Victoria j e r o c i o ,. e 8 impo-
tentioresque reddit. Cie.
18 .. ACERVUS, CUMULUS. A cerVU8, a heap which tapera
above into a point (acies, IV, 4, a.), e. g. granorum; Cumu-
lus (cum, X, 1, A, a.), a heap, which, as superabundanee, is
over and- above the regular measure: Accedere in CHmu-
lum. Cie.
19. AClES, ACUMEN, CUSPIS, MueRO; EXERCITUS, AG-
MEN. Acie8, edge, that whieh is sharp, sbarpness, e. g. se--
curium; ingenii: A cies, qua cernimus, pupilZa vocatur. Cic.
A c u m e n, the point, tb" pointed part, e. g. coni: Propter
20. Actor. 21. AcutlU. 51
acumen occultissima perspicis. Cic., sbarpness in applying
a thing. Guspill (cudere, cusum, VI, .]), tbe forged point:
Hasta acula cuspidis. Ovid. Misero (macer, 11, 1.), tbe
point wbicb runs out very tbin, e. g. of a dagger: Guapis,
latior vomeris, et acutior in mucronem jastigata, acie
laterum radice, herbarum secalls. Plin.
20. ACTOR, HlSTRlO, MIMUS, PANTOMIMUS, LUDIO or
LUDlUS, COM<EDUS, 'rRAG<EDUS. 'rhe drama of the ancients
was sung by tbe Commdus, in tbe comedy (seenes of.com-
mon life), and by the Tragmdus in the tragedy (represen-
tatioos of tbe serious course of fate in tbe events of tbe goda.
and beroes), and this song was exprcssed by gestures and
mimic performance by the Actor. Histrio (compare In-
litar), is a theatrical dancer, with mask and proper for
a certain part to be performcd, accompanied by a Tibicen witb
tbe flute; at a later period he aIso declaimed in tbe dialogue
(recitative). Comp. Liv. 7, 2. Mimus, a dancer also at
festival dinners, wbo imitated, in a ludicrous manner, various
ch.araeters, e. g. misers, drunkards, by gesture and voice.
The Pantomimi expressed tbe song of the chorusses by
gesticulation; from tbe times of Augustus they were ballat-
dancers. Ludio or Ludi,,,, an actor wh is likewise a
dancer, as Histrio: Si ludius constitit, aut tibicen repente
conticuit, lud aunt non rite jacti. Cic.
21. ACUTUS, SUBTILIS, SOLLERS, INGENIO SUS, PERSPlCAX,
SAGAX, .RGUTUS. The sagaeiou8 and discriminating per-
son, wbo discovers and discriminates tOOt whicb is not easily
remarked by common people, is Actus, if bis penetrating
intelleet . enters into the essentials of things, their relations,
and discovers marks until then unknown, and is able to per-
ceive clearly differences and effects, e. g. phiZosophus; Cal-
lidus et ad jraudem acutu,. Nep., opp. hebes, obtusus.
Subtilis, fine, 8ubtile, dscriminating in taste, one who in
works of artremarks, with praise or blame, delicate touches:
Subtlill veterum judex et callidus; Sincerum ac subtile
judcium. Sollerll, versed in the art: Adolescens in literis,
in paltutra, in musicis sollers. Ter. Ingeniosus, gifted
with talent (talentad), ingenious,of inventive mind. Per-
IIpica:e, sbarpsighted, of penetrating sharpsigbtedness: Pa-
lamedis pe r s pie a:e prudentia. Tbis, witb an indistinct
idea, is Saga:e, be wbo easily scents, has no precise yet cor-
rect impression, e. g. canis; cunning in discovering future
aod threatening danger, e. g. ati suspicandum, ad
50 17. Acer. 19. Aciu.
to ineulpate, eharge some one; accuse not in a legal way, OlO
in eourt: Gabinium de ambitu r e u m j e c i t SuIla. Cle.
Arguere, to prove that one be guilty. Insimulare, to
eharge with fietitious guilt: InBontem in si m u 1 a 8. Ter.-
Accu8ator, the accuser; in caUBa! publiCal, the person who
had heen chosen to carry on the aetion against the aecused
person Actor; but in caUBa! privata!, Petitor, the
plaintiff, who by way of law mues demands against the de-
fendant (is unde petitur): Accuaatorem pro omni acto-
re et petitore appeIlo. Cic.
17. ACER, ASPER, ACERBUS, AUSTERUS, AMARUS; VERB-
MENS, FEROX. Acer, biting, sharp, e. g. acetum; Asper,
rough, thorny, priekly, e. g. sentea; and unfriendly, rough in
manners: Hominea natura aaperi atque omnibus iniqui.
Cie. A ce r b u 8, tart, acerb, e. g. pirum, i. e. unripe; hence
harsh, hurting our feelings, our heart, e. g. mors. Homo
immani acerbaque natura. Cie. Austeru8, that whieh
mues the tongue dry, rough, e. g. vinum, i. e. old wine whieh
has grwn tart. Amaru8, bitter, opp. duIcis; angry, he
who mues others feel his disappointment: A m a ri o r e m
me senectUB jadt, stomachor omnia. Cie. - A ce r, sharp, oC
vivid, exeiting power, keen, e. g. hiems, aensUB videndi, heZ.
lum, canis, leo, biting, grim; eqUUB, quiek, fleet; memoria:
Acer ac diligens animadver80r vitiorum, severe, he who is
aeeurate in his demands. Vel,emens, old Vemens, prop-
erly he who, from passion, does not properly use his reason
(ve-menB), violent, passionate, impetuous: Tecum vehe-
menter me agere jateor, iracunde nego. Cic. Homo ve
hemens et vioIentUB inimicitias mihi denuntiavit. Id. Fe-
r03:, he wbo relies and prides himself on his strength like a
savage, unrestrained, wanton, insolent, proudly bold, e. g.
eqUUB, CaCUB jero3: viribus. Liv. Jugurtka
sceleribus suis jero3:. Sallo Victoria jerociores impo-
tentioresque reddit. Cic.
18. o ACERVUS, CUMULUS. Acervus, a heap whieh tapers
above into a point (aciea, IV, 4, a.), e. g. granorum; Cumu-
lus (cum, X, 1, A, a.), a heap, whieh, as superabundanee, is
over ando aboye the regular measure: Accedere in cumu-
lum. Cie.
19. AClES, ACUl'tIEN, CUSPIS, MUCRo; EXERCITUS, AG-
MEN. A c es, edge, that whieh is sharp, sharpness, e. g. 8tl-
curium; ingenii: A ces, qua cernimus, pupilZa vocatur. Cie.
A c m e n, the point, tM pointed part, e. g. coni: Propter
20. Actor. 21. AculU8. 51
aCllme" occultissima perspicis. Cc., sharpness in applying
a thing. Cuspis (cudere, cusum, VI, .]), the forged point:
Hasta acula cuspidis. Ovid. Mucro (macer, 1I, l.), the
point which runs out very thin, e. g. of a dag$er: Cuspis,
latiar vomeris, et aculior in mucronem Jastigata, acie
lateru.m radicea herbarum secans. Plin.
20. ACTOR, HISTRlO, MIMUS, PANTOMIMUS, LUDIO or
LUDlUs, COM<EDUS, TRAG<EDus. The drama of the ancients
was sung by the Comadus, in the comedy (seenes of.com-
mon life), and by the Tragadus in the tragedy (represen-
tations of the serious course of fate in the events of tbe goda'
and heroes), and this song was exprcssed by gestures and
mimic performance by the Actor. Histrio (compare In-
Itar), is a theatrical dancer, with mask and proper for
a certain part to be performcd, accompanied by a Tibicen with
tbe flute; at a later period he aIso declaimed in the dialogue
(recitative)_ Comp. Liv. 7, 2. Mimus, a dancer also al
festival dinne1'8, who imitated, in a ludicrous manner, various
cbaracte1'8, e. g. -mise1'8, drunkards, by gesture and voice.
The Pantomimi expressed the song of the chorusses by
gesticulation; Crom the times oC Augustus they were ballet-
dancers. Ludio or Ludus, an actor wh is likewise a
dancer, as Histrio: Si ludius constitit, aut tibicen repente
conticuit, lud aunt non rite jacti. Cic.
21. ACUTUS, SUBTILIS, SOLLERS, INGENIOSUS, PERSPICU,
SAGu:, ARGUTus. Too sagacious and discriminating per-
son, who discovers and discriminates!hat which is not easily
remarked by common people, is Aciitus, if his penetrating
intellect . enters into the essentials of things, their relations,
and discovers marks until then unknown, and is able to per-
ceive clearly differences and effects, e. g. phiZosophus; Cal-
lidus et ad jraudem acutuI. Nep., opp. hebes, obtusus.
Subtilis, fine, subtile, discriminating in taste, one who in
works of art remarka, with praise or blame, delicate touches:
Subtilis veterum judez et callidus; Sincerum ac subtile
judicium. Sollers, versed in the art: Adolescens in literis,
in palastra, in mU8icis sollers. Ter. Ingeniosus, gifted
with talent (talented), ngenious, oC inventive mind. Per-
'picaa:, sharpsighted, of penetrating sharpsightedness: Pa-
lamedis pe r s pi c a x prudentia. This, with an indistinct
idea, is Sagaa:, he who easily seents, has no precise yet cor-
reet impressioD, e. g. canis; cunning in discovering future
aud threatening danger, e. g. ati suspicandum, ad
52 22. Ad. 24. Adep,.
perspicienda. Cie. Argtus, fuH of expression, e. g.
oculus; fuH of spirit, Freneh ttpirituel, he who perceives
easily fine similarities, and applies them with wit; also hit-
ting, in 8S far as the olher fcels hit: Qttis illo (Catone), in
Bententiis argutior'! in docendo subtilior'! Cie. Sen-
tenti(E a cut (E, those that are eoneeived with aeuteness, and
weH.defined; a r gu f m, those which are full of meaning.
22. AD, ApUD, PENES. IN. A d, to, signifies approaeh-
ment to an object; Apud, by, signifies the sphere; Penes,
with, in the innermost, in possession and power of sorne one;
In r e m, into, toward, direetion toward the interior; I7/, re,
in, under, upon, repose of that whieh in a thing surrounds the
subjeet. A d me est, in my neighbourhood, near me, at
hand; apud me, in my house, penes me, at my disposi-
non. Dicere a d populum, when the speech is directed to
the people; apud populum, in a popular meeting. Plato
apud Xenophontem dicit, means Plato in the works of Xen-
ophon, as author; in Timreo, means the titIe of the book;
in Socrate, in mentioning Socrates. A d rem utilis, a d fa-
.cinus audax, signifies final objeet; pecunia in remiges, desti-
nation. In sorne eompounds a d inereases the signifieatioD,
ns in admodum, affatim, adprime, adprobe; different are:
Aggra'IJescere, to beeome heavier; Ingra'IJe,cere, more
oppressive, to inerease, extcnd an evil, c. g. morbus. .A d-
mittere facinus, flagitium, to admit; Committere, to
aIlow a thing to. be done, to eonunit: Si quid a me prlZter-
mBsum fuerit, commiBBum facinus el aelmissum dedecus
conftte1Jor. Cie. A el n u er e, to nod with applause to sorne
ODe; Innuere, to give to understand with a nodo Ad-
scendere, to aseend, approaehing to the summit; Es-
cendere, from below up, to aseend with grenter difficulty;
Conscendere, to walk about aboye, when the highest point
is reaehed ; In s c e n d ere, to enter, or to seut one's self
firmly on the ascended objeet.
23. AnEo, TAM. Adeo, so mueh, even, used of the de-
gree which something has reaehed; Tam places this degree
with that of something else, or with a eonsequence into equal
relations: Nemo adeo ferus cst, uf non mitesce.re possit.
Hor. Tam BU1iI amicus rei publicm, quam qui maxime. Cie.
24. ADEPS, SEOUM, ARVINA, PINGUE, LARlDUM. Adeps
(fd-daps), the softer fat of animals which do not ruminate =
Sebum, Sevum, the firmer fat of ruminating animals, taJ-
Jow: Adeps ,CaBBii, BUilla, anserina Sebum ritulillum.
26. Aduse. 28. Atlmotlwn.
A,.v in a, tallow, in as far as used to grease BOmethiog: Cli-
peos tergent arvina. Virgo Pingue, the oily fat: Pi,...
gue inter carnem cutemque. Plio. Laridum, La,.dum,
lard, salt and smoked fat pork.
25. AnEssE, INTEREssE, PRJESTO ESSE, PRESENTEM ESSE.
Ade"e, to be there, to be a bystander, to be present, as
necessary: atl judicium, amicia. lntere"e, to be pres-
ent taking part, e. g. negotiis. PrtB.sto elle (prtB-lltuB,
XIIT, 1., XX, 12.), to be at the disposal, at hand. Pra-
sentem elle, to be present, to lie before us: Bellu4
ad id ,olum, quotl adest, quotlque prallenll 88t, 118 ac-
commodat. Cic. HOlltia ad lIacriji.cium prtBsto non.foe-
rum. Id.
26. AnHIBERE, UTI. Atlhibere,to take {or BOme pur-
pose, to apply {or use: vmem ad ornatum corporis. Uti,
to use, to make use of a thing for prot or enjoyment: Pau-
sanias apparatu regio .tebatur, vme Medica. Nep. Tu-
tes atlhibere, to briog forwardwitnesses; testibw uti,to
make use oC their testimony in order to prove OUt assertion.
27. ADHUC, HUCUSQUE, HACTENUS; ETIA.M. A series oC
eircuIDStances to' the present time, is AdAuc,
BO Car, oC time, still, sinee, down to Out time; Hucusque,
so Car, oC locality, ir without interruption it has obtained
tbis poiot; Ha c ten u 11, BO Car, to here, ir accordQag to ita
extension it be taken to that poiot: A d h u c LigariUl omai
culpa vacat. Cie. Hucusque Sesolltris e3:ercitum dw:it.
Plio. Hactenus reprehendat, II qU" volet; nihil amplius.
Cie. - In later times, A tl hu c is used with the comparative,
for still, to inerease tbe strength; io earlier times, Etiam
was used: Adla.e diJlicilior observato m. Quinetil. Tan-
tum et plUl e ti a m milai debet. Cie. Unum e tia m de Ca-
lo. Id.
28. AnMODUM, V A.LDE, !MPENSE, MAGNOPERE, VEHEMEN-
TER, QUA.M, PEllQUA.M, QpPIDO. Admodum, is very, very
mueh, near 10 the cun measure: Thrres admodum cn.
e3:citantur. CIIlS. Pauci atque a d m d um pauci corrumperc
fIIOrU civitatis po,lUnt. Ce. Val d e, very strongly, signi-
es a high degree of power: Valide tonuit. Plaut. Brutus
quitlquid vult, val tl e vult. Cic. 1m pe,." e with pains and
exertion, zeal: lmpensius legatos mittere, pacem orare.
Sall. Aliquem commendare. Ce. Magnopere, Magno
opere, ver mueh, oC ioterest io a subject, e. g. formas pu-
eronua mirtri; .RorIaam properare. Cic. Vehementer, sea
5-
54 29. Adolescens. 3I: Adorri.
17, violent, of passion, pugnare, cum aliquo agere Quam,
,ery much, and perquam, exceedingly; the highest pos-
sible degree of a quality: Obitum filia tua sane quam
graviter tuU. Cie., as eertuiD as any thing can be. Roe
perquam puerile videtur. Id. Oppido, over-sufficient,
completely, a high degree of perfeetion respooting requisite
qualities: Oppido ridiculus; Scrvirent, prcnerquam op-
p'ido pauci. Cie., extrenely few.
29. ADOLESCENS, PUBES, EPIIEBUS, JUVENIS, PUER, IN-
FANS. Adolescens, properly a person that is growing up,
a person from fifteen to thirty years of age, generally of the
male sex: Adulta virgo. Cic. Pubes, matured to puber-
ty, with growing beard, from the fourteenth year: Puer,
priusquam pubes esset. Nep. Ephebus, a youth of six-
teen years. Juvenis (ancientjunia, young), a young man
up to forty-five and fifty years; opp. senior and sene3:, from
the sixtieth year. Puer, a boy, to the fifteenth year. In-
(irmitas puerorum est, ferocitas juvenum, gravitas jam
constantis atatia, seneetutis maturitas. Cie. Pueri regii.
Liv., princes. InJans, a ehild which cannot yet speak
\Vell, up to the seventh year: Infantium puerorum incu-
nabula. Cic.
30. ADORARE, VENERARI, COLERE, OBSERVARE, REVE-
RElU. Adorare, to adore: precibus Superos. Venerari
(bonus, ancient benus, XL"'\:, 3.), to revere something as a
highel' being, also by genutlexion and other demonstrations
of reverenee, e. g. deos: Rabet venerationem justam,
quid quid excellit . . Cie. e o 1 e r e (conneeted with an old
German word, kollern, to turn about, as the Romans did in
solemn prayers), is to h4lId in honor, to manifest reverence
by services and religious rites: Rune patris loco colere de-
bebas. Cie. Observare, to observe with attention, to man-
ifest to sorne ODe an endeavour, on an occasions, of honoring ;
it is never used of divine honor: Militia Afrieanum ut deum
e o le b a t Lalius; domi vicissim Lalium, quod atate ante ce-
debat, o b s e r v a b a t in partJatis loco &ipio. Cie. R ev e-
reri, to fear, to manifest reverence by the endeavour of
avoiding every thing which rnight be unpleasant 10 another :
Magna -fuit quontlam. capitis re" erentia eani. Ovid.
SI. DOlURI, AGGREDI, INvADERE, OPPRIIIlERE. A d j-
riri, to attack, assault sorne one, suddenly and unperceiv-
edly rising from a neighbouring spot, hence the idea of eun-
ning is connected with it: 1w6tes a tergo. Aggredi, 10
32. Adve.na. M. Adversaria.
55
attack openly. Invadere, to &11 upon, breaking in upon
IIOrne one with violenee. Opprimere, assault liuddenly and
overwhelm, overpower.
32. ADVENA, HOSPES, PEREGRINUS, ALIENIGEN A. A d-
"e na is foreigner, as the new-comer from a foreign land;
Hospes, the foreigner, who, as guest, has met with recep.
lion; Peregrinus, if a person is considered as a foreigner
coming from a journey, or as an al ien (opp. civis); A 1 i e n i-
gen a, a foreigner, inasmuch as he is born in a foreign coun-
try (the German Ausliinder,literally outlander; opp. iftdi-
gena, native): Nos Capum, hinc Roma qui veneramus, jam
non hospites, sed peregrini atque advenm nominaba-
mur. Cic.
33. ADVERSARI, OB - RENITI, - RELueTARI, - RESIS-
TERE, REPUGNARE, REFRAGARI. Adversari, to be aguinst
one in opinion, disposition: petenti, alicujus commodis, con-
siliis. O b, stepping in the way and hindering; Re, recoil-
ing effect; in O b - Re n i t i, to work against with zeal and
perseverance: Consilio, manu hostibus o b n i t i. O b - Re.
luetari, to struggle against something, to resist: Animus
o b 1 u e tan s dijficultatibus. Re 1 u c t a r i precilr..ts. Curto
Obsistere, to place one's self before another, in the way:
Catilinm eonsiliis oecurri t q ~ obstiti. Cic. Resistere,
to resist as having been attacked, with fortitude, valor: Hos-
tes aeerrime r e s i s t e b a n t, nee dabant suspicionem fugm.
Creso Fortiter dolori atque fortunm -. Cic. Repug-
na r e, resisting while fighting, to oppose in struggling : Nihil
deeet invita Minerva, id est, adversante et repugnante
natura. Cie. Refragari, to strive with the pastern or
ham (suffrago) against something, to resist, denying sorne-
thing which is demanded: Lex petitioni tum refragata
est. Cie.
34. ADVERSARIA, TABULlE, C01l1MENTARIA - RIl. Ad-
versaria; properly speaking, that whieh turns the front
towards us; hence that whieh is always open, a book, a
ledger, to note down expenses and reeeipts, from whicb they
are carefully transferred nto the Tabulm or Codex ae-
eepti et expensi, because these were also used as legal
evidence: Negligenter seribimus a d ver s a r i a; diligenter
conficimus tabulas. Commentaria and Commentarii
lIe. Ubri, another note-book, in whieh memoranda, thoughts,
and the ebief outlines of eonnected piccas were written. O.
Brut. 44, 164.
56
36. .AdversaNus. :rr. AdulaN.
36. ADVERSARIUS, INIMICUS, HOSTIS, PERDUELLI8. .A d,.
versadus, the opponent in disputations, auetions,
in war; Inimieus, hostile, enemy, aceording to bis dispo-
sition, he who hates the other and endeavours to hurt him; "
Hostis, properly a foreigner, the enemy who eommits hoa-
tilities, especially with arms; Perduellis, properly he who,
with arms, attacks bis country, one who endangers publie lib-
erty, a traitor: Pompeius steus cum hoste eonfl:it, quam
qui8quam cum in i m i e eoncertavit. Cie. Qui proprio no-
mine perduellis esset, is hostis voeabatur. Hostis
enim apud majores is dicebatur, quem nune peregrinum dici-
mus. Id nomen in 00, qui arma contra ferret, remansit. Id.
36. ADVERSUS-UM, VERSUS, E REGIONE, CONTRA, ER-
GA, IN, A. Versus (the English 1Oard, in homeward, to-
ward, &o.), toward a direetion: Brundisium versus
ire; Catilina modo ad urbem, modo in Galliam versus
castra movere. Sall. Adversus, Adversum, turned to-
ward a tbing; Sedens adversus te apeetat. Catull. Porta
castra Romana erat. Liv. Pietas est JUI-
tuia adversum deos. Cie. E regione, right opposite,
without being turned toward one another: Luna quum est e
regione soli., deficit. Ce. Contra (cum-tera, VIII, l.
XX, 13.), opposite, over against, ir two objeets are turned
toward one another, against:- Insula contra Brundisi-
nu1" portum esto Cms. Contra offieium esto Cie.
ErgiJ (vergere, XVI, 2., XX, 13.), inclining toward some-
tbing, with regard to a thing: Tha voluntas e r g a me, meaque
erga te mutua. Cie. Rarely, however, with Cieero, in a
bostjle sense, as Odium erga regem 8U8eeperant. Nep. In,
toward, toward tbe centre, interior, see 22. Perindulgens
in patrem acerbe severus in filium. Ce. A, Ab, re-
specting to (see 1.), toward something from whicb an attack"
or danger comes: Defendere urbem a b h s t i b u s, Italiam
a vastatione. Cic., but in the sense of opposing, placing
against : Capsenses muniti a d ver s u m h o s t e s mmnibus.
Sall. Meam salutem con t r a illius impetum in me de-
fendi. Cie.
3'7. ADULARI, ASSENTARt, BLANDIRI, LENOCINARI. Ad,,-
la ri (ad - Huid, German for favor, XIX), to flatter, meanly
and eringingly; Asstlntari, to assent in every: thing;
B 1 a n d i d, to earess, endeavour to gain by earesses; L e-
nocinari, to flatter sedueingly, with allurements and de-
ception.
38. JEdes. 39. JEdificare. 67
38 . ..EDES, JEDlFICIUl\I, DOMUS; 'I'EMPLUM, FANUM, DE.
IoU.BIlUJI. .lEdes, a building which, by walls, ineludes a cer-
tain' Bpaee, a room, a barn; in the plural, a house with its
MOIDS and outhouses; JEdifieium, a building as a work
of architecture, fabric, e. g. a roof to protect soldiers at siege.
(musculus, Creso e. 2, lO). Domus, a house as property
bence likewise as home: Absolutum o.ffendi in adibus tu
tectum. Cie. Britannorum adificia fere Gallicis COnft
milia. Cres., speaking of them according to their architecture.
Domino domus honestanda est. Scaurus domum demolitua
aeeessionem adjunzit adibus. Id. JEdes, also JEdis, ih
the singular, th(l temple, in as far as it surrounds a deity,
without reference to outhouses, yet ooly if sacra, Juvis, &C.
he added, if the meaning not plainly appear from the
connexion: Complures a d e s saeree. Ce. JE d e s labentes
deorum. Hor. Templum (tempus,X;.I,A, c.), properlythe
distriet appropriated by the augurs for the auspices, partly the
sky open to it before the augur, partly the square distriet des-
ignated by him with his lituus, and marked by a line drawn
through the zenith and in a right angle with the meridian;
hence a temple laid out aceording to these lines, wth a froot
toward the Bouth, generally an ornamented or magnificent
building: Ut area esset Jovia templique ejus, qood intBdi.
jicaretur. Fanum (fari, XI, 2, c.), a place consecrated by
nn augur for a temple, further a temple consecrated by tbe
pontifex as a holy place: Jovia Statoris a d e s vota, sed f a-
num tantum, id est, locus templo e./fatus, sacratus fuerat.
Liv. Fanum Appllinia. Cic. Delbrum (de-lucre, IX,
1, c.), a temple as a place of purification and atonement:
llla, propter quce datur homini adscensus in calum, delubra
$Unt. XlI. Tabb. ap. Cie.
39. .LEDlFIcARE, ST.RUERE, CON - EXSTRUERE, CoNDERE,
FUNDARE. JEdificare, to make a building, to build, do-
mum, urbem,porticum, Struere (belongs to sternere,
to strew, XVI, 6.), lo lay by layers, regularly upon and by one
nnother,of parts of a building, parts of a regularly construeted
whole, e. g. aggerem, aciem, verba: Domus e latere struct(B.
Vitruv. Construere, to build up, to unite the various parts
oC a building in proper order: Mundi est corpus ea c o n-
.tructum proportione, quam videtis. Cic. Exstruere, to
build up, raise from below: Pharus est tums mirificis ape- .
ribus exatructa. Creso Condere, 2. to build, to found, to
cause the being built: Romulus litoo regiones direzit tvm,
58
40. AlF' 41. Alqu.UI.
qwm urbem contlidit. Cie. Fundare, lay the founda-
tion: Facile' est navem facere, ubi fundata et co7l3tituta
est. Plaut.
40. &ER, ..EGROTUS; &RITUDO, &RIIIIONIA, &RO-
TATIO, MORBus, VITIUM. Alger, siek, respecting the atate
of health, aecording to condition, one that feels suffering,
used of every sort of physical or mental suffering, ager am- .
mi, pedibus; lEgro tus, befaHen (strieken) by a eertain
disease; h who is sick, a siek man: Corpus, etiamsi medi-
ocriter agrum est, sanum non est. Algroto dum anima
est, spes esse dicitur. Cic. -lEgritu.do, suffering of the
soul, the suffering state of the inner man in general; with
later writers, also of the body; lE g r i m o ni a, a specifie sort
of grief, showing its effeet, anger; lEgro tatio, the state of
physically being unwell: Ut agrotatio in corpore, sic
agritu.do in animo. Cie. Ferremgraviter, si nova agri-
monia locus esset. Id. Morbus, the temporary disease,
as cause of the agritudo and agrotatio. Vitiu.m, the re-
maining disorder, defect, infirmity, e. g. blindness: Morbum
appellant totius corpOTs corruptionem; a gro t a t ion e m,
morbum cum imbecillitatp,; vitium quum partes corp0ri3
inter se dissident, ex qua pravitas membrorum, distortio,.de-
formitas. Cie.
41. JEQuus, PLANUS, JEQUALIS, JEQUABILIS, PAR, SIMI-
LIS; JUSTUS; JEQUARE, ADlEQUARE, JEQUIPARARE. lEquus,
even, level, horizontal; Planus, plain, fiat, without eleva-
tion or protuberances: Dejectus in inferiorem locum de &u.p6-
riore, non de aquo et plano loco. Cic. lEqualis, equal
with another subject, according to internal quality, e. g. pars
alteraparti; lEquales, cotemporaries; lEquabilis, that
which may be made equal, or has been made so, uniform,
that which remains equal, as 'uniform ' is likewise used, e. g.
of conductof the same person: Alquabilis prada partitio;
Motu.s certus et aquabilis. Cic. Par, equal, according 10
the external property, that which amounts to the same: In-
tervalla aqualia, essentially equal among one another:
paria, those that are proportionally equal: Numerosum metiri
possumu.s intervallis aqualibus. Cic. Par est ju.s, quod
in,omnes aquabile est. Id., that which proportionally is the
same, which is uniformly administered to aH. Similis,
similar: Aqu.a aqua similis. Plaut. ~ q u . u s equaUy
weighed out, and he who weighs out equalll: . .Equa can-
ditio, aqu.u.m certamen propo"i'ur. Cie. ttrintio non jwa
..
42. .der. 46. 59
pa,., non magi8tratus aquus repiriri potuit. Id., impartial.
Ez aquo el bono jus constat, quod ad ventatem et ad utili-
tatem communem videtur pertinere. Ad Herenn., fair, miti-
gating the smct law by the duties of humanity. Justus,
just, according to strict right or law: Justo jure aliquid re-
petere. Liv. Justum bellum. Liv., formal, no irregular
eXpedition; justu8 ea:ercitus. Id.,
making even; Adaquare, making almost even, e. g. tecta
solo. Liv. come up to: Nemo eum labore,
corporisque viribus potuit aquiparare. Nep.
42. ABR, ETHER, C<ELUM. A er, the air near the earth;
the higher, purer, and fiery air, as supposed by the
ancients: A er, quem spiritu ducimus. Cie. A erem am-
plectitur immensu,s 12th e r, qui constat ea: altissimis ignibus.
Id. Calum (xoiJ.ol', the hollow), the heavenly arch, the
extreme hollow globe of the universe: Crelum rotundum,
terraque media esto Cie.
43. ERARIUM, FISCUS. every treasury, es-
pecially of the slate, the place where the publie treasure id
kept; Fiscus, properly a basket; the treasury of a magia-
trate, and, sinee Augustus, the imperial private purse: Meam .
domum senatus ea: a r a r i o adificandam putavit. Cie. Cresar
omnia habet; fiscus ejus privata tantum ac, sua. Senee.
44. ERUGO, FERRUGO, RUBlGO. lErugo, verdigris;
Ferrugo, rust of iron; Rubigo (robus, rojits), every sort
ofrust;and a certain disease of the grain: Ferrom rubigo
corripit. Plin. Nec seges sterilem sentiet rubiginem.
Hor.
45. ESTIMARE, EXISTIMARE. lEstimare (as, XIX, 9.),
to estimate, determine the priee or value of something, e. g.
Zuem, the amount of expense for a lawsuit. Existimare,
properly to estimate accurately by weighing; to judge ae-
cording to external or intrinsie value of a thing, after a proper
valuation: Ex orationibus e x i s t i m ti r i de ingeniis orato-
rum potest. Cic. Hence valuation; Exist-
matto,opinion respectiog something, and the opinion whieh
others have of us, esteem; hana, turpis, see 93, repula-
tion.
46. ETAS, .iEVUM, TEMPUS, SPATIUM, DIES. lEtas
(for avitas), time as a quality of things in general, and as
limited time, the times as period, the age we live in, the age
oC youth: Volat atas; Numa, consultissimus vir in illa
alate. that whieh isabove time, eternal, also a
....
60 47. .lEternu.s. 49. Affirmare.
very long and unlimited period: Est in cmlo locus, ubi beati
tBVO sempiterno fruantur. Cie. Tempus, the time of the
day, night,or year, as marked by the sun or stars. See
Polyb. 9, 15. In general, the limited time lor whieh Spa-
Hum is used, if the distanee of both the limits of a period or
its duration is meant. Tempus ellt pars qUtBdam aternitati.
cum alicujus annui, menstrui, diurni nocturnive spatii certa
significatione. Cie. Henee the measured, the right time:
Veni in tempore. Ter. Dies, daytime, with the prevail-
illg idea of light, opp. nox; further, time, inasmueh as in it
the series of events advanees, and the end to whioh a given
period or time extends, term: Nos, quod esl dies allatura,
id consilio antiferre debemus. Cie. Ex ea die ad lumc:
diem qnre fecisti, in jtdicium toco. Id.
47. JETERNus, SEMPI'fERNUS, PERPETUUS, PERENNIS, Ju-
GIS. ..Eternus (tBvum, VIII, 1., XI, 1, {J.), eternal, of end-
less duration, e. g. deus; urbs in reternum condita. Liv.
Sempiternus (to similis, scmper), everlasting, of a state
of things whieh eontinually remains the same: Si mi/i mter-
n a m esse rerumnam propositam arbitrarer, morte me ipS6
potias, quam sempiterno dolore muZtassem. Cie. Per-
petuus, properly, touehing to one another throughout (pe-
tere), eontinual, uninterrupted, perpetual: Ignis VesttB per-
petuus ac sempiternus. Cie. Perennis, through the
whole year, the whole year round, e. g. aqua: Stellarum
inerrantium perennes cursus atque perpetui. Cie. Jii.-
gis, properly joined together (jugere, IV, 1.), always flow-
ing, never drying up, never eeasing: Capsenses una modo
j u g i aqua, cetera, pluvia utehantur. Sal1.
48. AFFINIS, PROPINQUUS, CONSANGUINEUS, NECESSA-
RlUS. Affinis, eontiguous, bordering on a thing, related
by marriage: Et gener et adfines placent. Ter. Pro-
pinquus, near, local, and in every sort of connexion and
relationship: Cives potiores quam peregrini, et propinqui
quam alieni. Cic. Consanguineus, related by blood,
generally of sisters and brothers: Consideratur in cognotione,
quihus majoribus, quibas consanguineis. Cic. Neces-
sadus, who stands with sorne one else in some bnding,
obliging relation, a relation which entals duties, which may
be the case with tbe familiaris, affinis, and conlJanguin-
eus: Jugurtluz filia Bocchi nupserat. Verum ea nece&si-
tudo apud Numidas levis ducitur. Sall.
49. AFFIRMARE, CONFIRl\IA.RE, ASSEVERARE. Affirma-
50. Ager. 63. Agricou,. 61
r to add solidity, to assure, affirm: jure jurando.
Confirmare, to make firm together, to eonfirm with evi-
dance or 888urances: Hoc nervo, confirmad putant.
Cms., lo strengthen. JUhent "ostra confirmare arg'/!-
Ment;" u rationibus. Ce. A 88 e ver a re, to insist with ear-
nestness, to maintain, assert, asseverate: A 88 e ve
r a n t. e:x: corpusculis concurrentibus temere mundum esse
perfectum. Ce.
AGER, ARVUM, CAMPUS, Rus. Ager, the field as a.
piece of ground for tillage'lasture, &c.; 0.180, the fields 10-
gether: Ager Campanus. ger 1f,ovalis, is one just cleared
and tilled, ando a fallow; restibis, a field annually sown.
Arvum (arare, IV, 4..), a field kept under the plough: Non
arvus hic, sed pascuus est ager. Plaut. Campus, the field
as an open, even, and horizontal plain: Segetes modice siccis
campi. melius, quam prlEcipitibus locis proveniunt. Colum.
Rus (ruere, to stir; in German riihren, originally to dig),
tbe field, country, inasmuch as rural labors are performed
there, as agriculture, the chase, in contradistinction to town ;
aIso a farm: Rus ez: urbe evo1are. Cie. Habet rus amal-
num et suburbanum. Id.
51. AOOER, MOLES, VALLUM. Agger (ad-gerere, IV,
l.), the dam, in as far as it is an elevation oC material carried
together, e. g. an artificial public road; Moles, as a. large
mass, and a fabric whieh has taken much labor: Qua fauces
erant angutissimlE portus, moles atque aggerem ah utra-
que parte litoris jaciebat. Cres. Dams on the bottom of the
sea; agger, that part of them which is above the levelof
the sea. .Ag ger is also the dam used in sieges, made oC
wood and filled with atone and earth, bv which a fortress was
enclosed, and from whence the assault was made: Exstruitur
a g g e r in altitudinem pedum IX. CIIlS. Va 11 u m, also
Vallus, the palisades, consisting of posts and branches,
driven into the dam, agger; also used for the palisades and
the dam together: Erat fossa pedum XV. et vallus contra
luntea in altitudinem pedum X, tantundemque ejus valli
agger in Zatitudinem patebat. CIIlS.
52. AGNATUS, COGNATUS, GENTILIS. Agnatus, a kins-
JD8.Il by the father's side; Cognatu8, from the mother's
both are Gentiles, relatons.ofthe same gens, ifthey
haye the same nomen.
58. GaICOLA, AUTOR, COLONUS. Agrcola, an agri-
cultlin.t,a &moer: Dejotarw rez diligentilsimua agricola
6
62 M .Ala. 67. Alias.
et pectUlriU& haMbatur. Cie. Arator pIoughman; in Siely,
orie who farmed Roman publie farms (arationes), and who
paid the tithe for it: Nym:oho arator arationes magnas con-
ductas habebat. Cie. Colonus, the farmer who maintains
well a whole farm, whether his own or not: Colon i ratio
est, ut ea, qua in agi-icultura nascantur e terra, fructum fa-
ciant. Varr.; further, a freebom man, who on his aeeount
eultivated a pieee of publie land for a fixed tu in kind 01
money; by his birth he was attached to this farm, and pos-
sessed the civitas, but he only paid poll tax: Antiquissimi
socii fidelissimique, Siculi, colon i populi Romani atque
aratores, in agros atque in 8UllS revertantur. Cie.
54. ALA, CORNU. A 1 a, wing; the Roman cavalry, which
covered both wings of the line of battle of the legions: Te
Pompeius alten Cic. At a later period,
contingents of Roman allies placed likewise there, infantry
and cavalry: Sinistra sociorum ala. _Liv. Cohortes, equites
alarii, in contradistinction to legionarii. Cornlla, are
both ends of aRoman order of battle, the eavalry included,
eontradistinguished flOm the centrum (media acies): TAraces
in dextrum cornu, Italicos equites, incurrerunt. Liv.
55. ALBUS, CANDlDUS, CANUS; CANDERE, CANERE. A l-
bus, white, as a natural color, equus, corvus; hence album,
the dye, or the body of tbe color: Columnas al b o polire.
Liv. Al bum ovi. Can di dus (ac - cendere, 12, VII.), shin-
ing, brilliant white, e. g. lilium; in Al b u s, the degree of
light, in Candidus, of purity, sptlessness, is eonsidered:"
Al b a nautis stella. Hor., portending good luck, success;
Id., spotless as 10 faith and plObity. Cii-
nus, of the shining silver-white whieh passes over into gray,
e. g. pruina, arista: Non can i, non repente auctorita-
.tena arripere possunt. Cic., gray hair. Henee Candere, lo
glow, 10 be white hot, to be bri1liantly white; Canere, lo
be grayish white: Candens carbo, cycnm. Dum gramina
canent. Virg., sc. rore.
56. ALERE, N UTRIRE, P ASCERE. A 1 e r e, to nourisb,
bring up, support, and maintain, e. g. exercitum; Quum agel-
lm eum non satis aleret, ludimagister fuit. Cie. Nutrire
(ali, 26, XVII.), to give nourishment: mammis Jetu
nutriunt. PIin. Pascere,to feed, to lead to pastore, lo
feed upon for pleasure or want; bestias: Olusculis no8 80lea
pascere. Ce.; oculos animumque re, and in re. Id.
57. ALIAS, ALlOQUI - IN, CETEROQUI - IN, ALITEJl,
58. Aliquamdiu. 59. Aliquando. 63
S.&CUS. Alias, XX, 6., another time; Alioqui, XX, 5.,
and Alioquin, in another respect; Ceteroqui, Cetero-
quin, for the resto other circumstances and relations being
considered; Aliter, otherwise; it compares the other kind
and mode of a state of a slIbject, as differing from the subject
before us: Id quum sape ali as, tum Pyrrhi bello a senatu
,nostro judicatum esto Cic. Al i a s ita loquor, ut concessum
est, a 1 i a s ut necesse esl. Id;, the one - the other time.
Minima olim istitts rei juit cupiditas: alioquin multa eZ-
atarent exempla majorum. Id. Falernum idoneum est dever-
sorio: si modo tecti satis est ad comitalum nostrum recipi-
endum, ceteroqui mihi locus non displicet. Id. Aliter
scribo ac sentio. Jus semper est qucesitum aquabile; neque
enim aliter esset jus. Id., if we should proceed in any other
way; alillflui non esset jus would be under other circum-
stances. Alias aliter }ac in utramque partem causa so-
lent convenire. Id. The one time so, the other time other-
wise. Secus (sequi, XX, 3.), in a manner inferior to the
one before us, different, worse: Hora jere undecima, aut non
multo secus. Cic., latero Secus existimare de oliquo.
Nobia aliter videtur; recte secusne, postea. Id.
58. ALIQUAMDIU, ALIQUANTlSPJR. Aliquam diu (i. e.
minus quam diu), pretty long, it limits the length; Aliquan-
asper, Cor sorne time, a while, the shortness of a duraton:
.Aristum audivit al i q u a m d i U. Cic. Hinc concedas ab
ore eorum aliquantsper. Ter.
59. ALIQUANDO, QUONDAM, UNQUAM, OLIM. Aliquan-
do, sometime or otber, designates a case happening by
chance among otbers; Quondam (quom-dam), at a cer-
tain time, once, a single period, the more accurate determina-
tion of which is unimportant; Unquam, ever, a certain
point oC time, without giving its distinct place in time; OUm
(tlere, to grow, XX, 7.), always, continual recurrence of tbe
same crcumstances; whetber these words belong to tbe past,
the present, or the future, is indcated by tbe surrounding
words: Pelasgi fines aliquando ltabuere Latinos. Virgo
Tandem aliquando Roma esse cmpimus. lllucescet ali-
quando iZZe dies. Utilitas aliquando t?Um lIonestate pug-
nat. Cie., now and then. Fuit ista q u o n d a m in MC re
publica virtus. Id. Quo n d am tua dicere jact tempus ent.
Virgo Quondam etiamictis redit in pracordia virtus. Id.,
sometimes, at certain t i m ~ s . Patroni raro unquam possunt
ante judicium scire, quid testis dicturus sito Quinctil. Sic
60. Aliqui. 62. Altercatio.
oUm loquebantur. Ce., formerly always. Pueris olim
dant ciustma, bland doctores. Hor., always. Non, ri male
lIunC, et o li m sic erit. Id.
. 60. ALIQUI, ALIQUOT, QUlDAM, NONNULLI. Aliqui,
any, indifFerent which, of a eertain species; A li quo t, some,
ofa number; Qudam, sorne, certan ones, without further
determining tbem, which? N onnulli, some few, tbe ne-
gation of none: Omne nomen ex aliquibus, non ez omnibus
litera scribitur. Cie., from some Ietters, whchever they
may be. Accepi a te aliquot epistolas uno tempore. Id.,
undetermined number. Cerlis quibusdam verbis fit di-
vortium. Id. Certain formulas, which I need not menton
here. Parlem navium deprimunt; non nu II a s cum homini-
bus capiunt. reliquas in porlum compellunt. Creso
61. ALlus, ALTER, SEC'UNDUS; ALU, CETERI, RELIQUI.
A li !.tS, another one, that is different from Qne 01' more of the
same kind; Alter, the other, the one of the two who stand
in mutual relation, aIso eounting; Sec!.t1l;dus (sequ, XIV,
1, b, y.), the seeond aceording to order 01' rank: Epistolas
multas accepi uno tempore, aliam alia jucuniorem. Cie.,
000 more pIeasant tOOn the other. Te has pTw:leras a Phi-
larcho abstulisse dicebas, alias item nomles alJ Arista, ter-
tias a Cratippo. Id. Duo consules eju8 anni, al t el' morbo,
alter ferro periit. Liv., too one-the other. Nulla al-
tera Roma, neque alia sedes erit. Id. Joves tres
numerant; ex quibus primum et se eu n dum natos in Arca-
fha, alterum patre lEthere, alterum patre GrElo ferunt.
tertmm C'1'etensem, Saturni jilium. Id. A 1 i i, others,
ent from too mentioned ones; CUeri (ques, PIur. VIII, l.),
tha others of the same spaces; Reliqui, the rest, remain-
in.g ones: HorUnes student prrESf.are e e t er i s animalibus.
Sall. Extra ducem :p.artrosque praterea l' e li q ui ia bello
i'lpaces. Cic. .
62. ALTERCATIO, CON'l'EN:TlO, CONC'Elt'l'AT10,
CONTRovERSia, D1SSEItTA'rIO,
JURGIUM, LITIGIUM, LIS, RIXA. Altercatio (alter,
2.; 11,3.), the more quiet 01' more violent exchange of words;
Con ten t i o; exertion, a C()ntest carried on with exertion;
Concertatio, the mutual dispute of two 01' more, who oy
words or atguments strive to eonquer one anothef;' Certa-
men, struggle with or without arms, emuIating 91' eontending
to overcome the othcr; e o n t r o ver s i a, contest of two par-
ties, eaeh of which believes itself 10 be right and defends ita
63. Alternw. 64. Altw.
6
ground, controversy; Disceptatio, the con test of two partiM, in
whieh all legal grouodsare brought forward for one and tbe
ather, which are examined so that it may be decided; Dis.
putatiD, colloquy 00 a disputed subject, with reasoos aod
couoterreasons and arguments, generally between several per-
soos of dilferent opinion, is of a polemic character, aod pro-
ceeds methodically; Dissertatio., a calmer, systematic,
and extensive c,?lloquy or essay; it speaks in a didactle tone,
without being bouod by certain la ws: Magna ibi non di s-
ceptatio. 1TWdo; sed etiam altercatio foit. Liv. Ese
nter eos non de terminis, sed de tDta po.ssessione cDntentio..
Co.ntentio.nes co.ncertatio.nesque in disputando. perti-
naces, indignee philoso.phia videntur. Cc. Gum Zenone Ar-
cesilas ce r t a m en instituit, non studiD vincendi, sed rei 0.11.
8curitate. Id. Judicia distrahendarum co.ntro.versiarum
caUIIa inventa sunt. Id. Lato.r legis, quum esset c o. n t r o. v e r-
aia nulla facti,juris tamen disceptatiDnem esse vo.Zuit;
el elecli judices isque prcepDsitw qucestioni, qui hcec juste sa-
pienterque disceptet. Id. Ea, qua disputavi, disse
rere malui, IJ.UDm judicare. Id. In o.mni disputatio.ne,
quid esset Bmillimum veri, qucerebamus. Id. Jurgium (jUI,
jurgare, to judge, XIX, l.; IV, 3., c.), the quarrel from de-
sire to have the lut word, also connected with reproaches and
evil words: Benevo.lorum cDncertatio., non lis inimico.-
rum, jurgium dicitur. Maledictajurgii petulantis. Cie.
Litigium (lis, litigare), dispute, quarrel which originates
from real disagreement: Lit i g i u m est tibi cum u.rore.
Plaut. Lis (lcedere, by defeoding), the dispute, as action in
court about a private matter: Adhuc sub judice lis esto Hor.
Ri:ca, a passionate' quarrel which goes to fisticuffs: Grebro:,
ut inter vinolento.S, ri:cee raro. cDnvici8, scepiw ceede et 11Ul.
nerilms transigvntur. Tac.
63. ALTBJlNUS, MUTUUS, RECIPROCUS. Alternus, alter.
O8tely ooe and the otber; M.tuus (mutare, IV, 3.), mutual,
when the same ia retumed with the same; Reciprocu.s
(re-cis-pro.CUI), 00 the same path returoing: Vites alter
. nis putantur an8. Plin. Mutuum in amicitia est, qwm
par "o.luntas aecipitur et redditur. Cic. lEstus maria aJIlu-
tmt et remeam re c i pro. c i. Plio. .
64. ALTl1S, EDITUS, ARDUUS, CELSl1S, PXOCERl1S, SUB-
LIES; PROPUNDUS. Al t u s (alere, 56), perpeodicularly
bigb, from the surface of tbe globe to tbe bighest point, bence
uaed lo determine measures! Stat.uerB columellam triliua
se
66 65. Amaadare. 66.
ersMtis ne altiorem. Ce. EditfJ.B, elevated, of hilIs, &c.:
Collis paululum e:e planitie editus. Caso Arduu8 (arde--
re, IV, 3.), steep, e. g. via; Oppidum diJieili culsecmau alqUe
ardu(). Opus arduum conamur. Cic. CehuB, high
with regard to growth, and in relation to tbat which i& low,
reaching above: Status erectus et celsus. Cie. Ce1sum ca-
put super agmino. tollit. Sil. Diana posita exceb. in bast.
Cie., distinguished, most high. Procerus (pro, forward,
VIII, whh C as digamma), forward, stretched long, lJori-
zontally and upward, e. g. rostrum. Galatea, longa pro ce-
rior aZno. Ovid. Suhlimis., from"below direeted upward,
high in the air, e. g. crelum: Apparet sublimis in
aere Nisus.. Virgo - A 1 t u s, deep, from the surfaee of the
globe" downward: Quum ex al t o putea svrsum ad summum
escenderis, periculum est, a SU7mlRO Re rursum cadas. Plaut,
Profundus, entering deep, with distant bottom, e. g. mare:
Profundre altitudinis convalles. Liv. S'o1aaus /lltiss;'"
mus; Profunda avaritia.
65. AMANDARE, AB - RELEGARE, AQUA ET IGNI I!CTEa-
DIOER!!. A m a n dar e, to order one away, send away: Fa-
miliarem ah se et amandare in ultimas terraa.
Cie. Ablegare, to send one away for the purpose oC get-
ting rid of him: Pueros venatum ablegavit. Liv. Rele-
gare, to order Olle from the place where we are baek, to bid
him away, to exile: Manlitts. filium ab hominibus relegavi'
el mri habitare jussit. Liv. .A qua et igni int erdicere,
to prohibit fire and water, the punishment of perpetual exile,
the only sort of exile in ancient Rome when free: Lega
Cresaris jubent, ei, qui de vi, itemque qui majestatis damna-
tus sit, aqua et igni interdici. Cie.
66. AMARE, DILIGERE; AMIOUS, FAMILIARIS, NECESSA
Rll1S; AMOR, CARITAS, PIETAS. Amare, to love, from in.
clination, and hecause the su bjeet pleases oor heart; J) i 1 i
gere, from esteem, as a subjeat dear to us: &itu, Egnati,ma
a me non diligi solum, vemm etiam amad. Cia. Amicua,
friend in general, and the sincere, true friend; Familiari8,
Il friend of the house, with whom we have become familiar
by daily intercourse; Nec6811arius, a friend allied to us by
duty, as by relations of publie offi.ee, the duties and relations
of hospitality, mutual aets of kindness: Cum Dejotaro miM
a7llicitiam res publica conciliavit, familiaritatem con-
su.etudo attmit, summam vero necessitudinem magna eju
njJicia in me et in e3;ercitum meum e.ffecerunt. Cie.-Amor,
67. Amb. 68. Ambiguus.
67
love, as affeetion and sensual, also with animals; Carita8,
tbe intense love to a highly valued objeet, result of refteetion,
and only of apure kind; Pietas, dutifullove, from natural
as wel! as religious impulse, toward those to whom we owe
our life and the happiness of it: Aut caritate moventur
homines, ut deorum, patrire, parentum; aut a m o r e, ut fra-
'rum, liberorum, familarium. Cie. Pie t a s erga patriam
aut parentes aut alios sanguine conjunctos ojJicium conservare
monet. Id.
67. AMB, CIRCUM, CIRCA, CIRCUMCIRCA, CIRCITER. Amb,
about, aceording to the roundness of something, used only in
compounds, as a m bire, a m plecti, a m burere, a m bages ; e i r-
eum, about, around, aecording to the eircumferenee of some-
tbing, if there is a movement in a circular line; Circa, if
there is rest in the same, also of time and number; Circi-
ter (Iiteral!y, circlish), about, not quite definite, oc. time,
number, if an approaching to the definite part, and no more,
is meant: Terra circum axem se conrertit. Templa, qure
circum forum sunt. Pueros circum amieos dimittit. Cie.
Ligna contulerunt circa easam earn. Nep. Custodes cirea
omnes portas missi, ne quis urbe egrederetur. Liv. Plfma
mnt templa cirea forum. Cic. Cirea tertiam horam. Cels.
Hora diei circiter quarta Britanniam attigit. Creso Crepi
regiones circumcirca prospieere Cic., al! around, round
about.
68. AMBIGUUS, ANCEPS, DUBIUS, INCERTUS: AMBIGERE,
ANIMI PENDERE, DUBITARE. Ambigutts, that whieh may
be taken in two different ways, ambiguous, e. g. oracula.
Aneeps (amb-caput), that whieh exists double, the same
form, quality, tendeney, or threatening the same danger from
two opposite sides, e. g. Janus, securis, valetudo, fortuna;
Jus ancep8. Hor., that whieh may be interpreted to the ad-
vantage of either of the opposed parties. A m b i g u a reperien-
tur facile, si animadverterimus''lJerborum a n e i pi t e s aut mul-
tipces potestates. Ad Herenn. Dubius (instcad of dujus,
from duo), wavering between two things, dubious, doubtful,
as to him who has doubt, and the matter that is doubted:
Equites visi ah dubiis, quinam essent. Liv. Perspicuii
tlubia aperiuntur. Cie. Dubius, the person who, in se-
lecting between two things, is irresolute, doubtful, if he has
equally strong reasons for either; Incertus, uneertain, if
he is wanting in reasons or motives to decide upon: Milites
bcerti ignarique, quid potissimum facerent. Sall.-Am-
68 69. Ambitio. 72. Amens.
bigere, to be undetermined, not make up one's mind,
hesitate: PhiZippus, cui re primum occurreret, ambigebat.
Justin. Animi and Animis pendere, to hesitate from
want of resolution, fear, &o.: Ego animi pendere soleo,
quum semel quid orsus traducor alio. Cic.' Dubitare, XI,
10., a., to doubt, to hesitate from the faet that there are equal-
Iy good reasons for one or the other choice: Cama dubia
apponitur, ubi tu dubites, quid sumas potissimum. Ter.
69. AMBITIO, AMBITUS. Ambitio, the lawful and proper
canvass for a place, tbe favor of him who has to bestow it,
and in general the endeavour to obtain the favor and good-
will of sorne one; A m bit u s, the same unlawful, e. g. by
bribe: Hic magistratus a populq summa ambitione con-
tenditur. A m bit u 8 alterum accusare. Cic.
70. AMBO, UTERQUE, Duo, BINI, PAR. Ambo, both the
two, both together, a state of perfeet equality as to eertan
eircumstanees of two; Uterque, either of the two,one as
well as the other, two taken as two different units, with sep-
arate share or partieipation of both in a state whieh neverthe-
less is eommon to both: Duo, two, as number; Bini, two-
fold, by two, distributiva, things of the same species yet
belonging to ona another, two by two; Par, 41, a pair, if
two tbings are designated whieh belong to eaeh other on
aceount of the equality of their qualities: Casar atque Pom-
peius diversa sibi a m b o consilia capiunt; eodemque die
uterque eorum e;c castris exercitum educunt. Creso Binas
tabellarios in duas naves imposui. Cie. Censores bini
sunto. Id., eaeh time two. B i n o s habebam scyphos: jubeo
promi utrosque. Id., two pnirs,-utrosque, as belonging
together. &yphorum paria complura. Gladiatorum par
nobilissimum. Id.
71. AMBULARE, SPATIARI. Ambulare (amb, XIX, 5., a.),
originally of the ehanging position of the feet in walking, to
walk about; Spatiari, to 'CRlk slowly and with measured
ateps: A m bu l a n t cornices; currunt perdices. Plin. En-
nius in hortis cum vicino suo ambulavit. Cie. Nec mea
tum longa s p a t i e tu r imagine pompa. Propert.
72. AMENS, DEnIENs, Ex - VEeoRs, IN - VESANUS,
MENTE CAPTUS, DELIRUS. Amen'8, he who does not know
what he is doing, senseless, of total want of conseiousness;
Demens, he who has little understanding, ineoDsiderate,
who does not show sense I1Ild mind where he ought to show
it: CtBCW atque amens trilmnus plebis. Cic. Amen.
73. Amittere. 74. An'pliare. 69
Tullia per patris corpus earpentum egi!. Liv. In tranquillo
tempestatem adversam optare, ti e m e n t i s esto Cie. Ineon-
BUlte ac veluti per dementiam cuneta simul agere. SalI.,
like people who have lost their heads. E:ccors, without
common sense, stupid: Hoc qui non videt, exeors esto Cie.
Insanus, he who from violent passion does not act like a
rational being, senseless, also of highly inspired persons, e. g.
vates, cupiditas: Moles insana BUbstruetionum. Cie. Vi-
cors, insane, he who earries his desire for satisfaetion to aU
absenee of reason; Visanus, mad, he who is earned by
wild passion to madness: Mulieris amare v e e o l' S. Armi-
nium rapta u:cor veeordem agebat. Tae. Vesanus nova
in vite Lycurgus. Propert. Ulyssis simulata vesania. Plin.
Impetus ve COI' s turbavit 1rostes, is the assault of the furious,
who throw themselves blindly into danger; Omnia ira mili-
tara "esano impetu egit. Liv., the passion of the person
maddened with revenge, whieh knows no boundary any more.
Mente eaptus, idiotie; Delirus, weak in mind, light-
headed, frantic: Decipi tam dedeeet, quam delirare el
mente esse eaptum. Cie. Deliri senes. Id.
73. AMITTERE, PERDERE, DEPERDERE. Amittere, to
lose something whieh one misses; P el' d er e, if it perishes,
is entirely gone; Deperdere, to lose something of that
whieh one possesses, sustaioing loss. Decius a m i s i t vitam,
at non perdidit. Cie., lost, but not entirely, vainly lost.
Nostripaucos ex sus deperdiderunt. Creso
74. AMPLIARE, AMPLIFICARE, AUGERE, COMPERENDlNARE,
PROROGARE, PROPAGARE, PRODUCERE. Ampliare, to mag-
nify, poeticaUy; Amplificare, to make of wider extent,
to amplify, e. g. urbem; A ugere, to increase, by addition
and toward tbe upper part, e. g. numerum, copiam; benejicium
cumulo augere. Cie.-Ampliare, toadjourn sentence to
a convenient day, whieh frequently eouldbe"done; Compe-
rendinare, adjourn to the third day (in perendinum) as
second term: Bis ampliatus, tertio absolutus est reuso
Acilius Glaucia primus tulit, ut eomperendinaretur
reus: antea vel judicari primo poterat, vel a m p li u s pro-
mmtiari. Cie. Prorogare, to extend, from a disposition
of kiodness, the duration of ao offiee, tbe term of payment,
&e., in the sense of extending, e. g. vita apatium damnatis.
Propagare, to lengthen, to make to eontinue,in the senSe
of procreation: Pro p a g a t i o miserrimi temporis vita. Cie.
Produeere, to prolong, to procrastinate, to amuse one witb
vain hopes, e. g. conviviuni, aliquem falsa ape.
70 75. Amputare. 76. An.
75. AMPUTARE, CIRCUMCIDERE, TONDERE, PRECIDERE,
RESECARE, MUTILARE, TRUNCARE. Amputare, to lop off
unnecessary or dangerous parts of a body; Circumci.dere,
to cut all round, in eireumferenee or of the volume, 80 that
the whole remains still a whole, thou.sh rliminished in siza,
e. g. ungues digirorum. Inutilesque falce ramos amputan8
feliciores inserit. Hor. Radices vitium luzuriantium e i r-
cumcidere. Plin. Tond ere, to shear, to shave, to cut off
"clear down,of hair, wool, grass, &c., e. g. barbam, prataf
stipulas: Boni pastors est ton d e r e pecu.Y, non deglubere.
Suet. P r fE ci d e r e, to cut, lop off at the forcpart, manum;
benee also depriving, spem, reditum .. Resecare, 10 cut
what is too long, capillos, palpebras, to reduce what is too
long: Nimia r e s e c a r i oportet, naturalia relinqui. Cie.
Mutilare, XIX, 5., a., to mutilate, to disfigure by the re
moval of parts: nasum auresque. Liv. Truncare, 10 muo
tilate enlirely, to truncate by violent removal of all essential
external parts: Tr u n c a t olua foUis. Ovid.
76. AN, NUM, NE, UTRUM, ANNE, NUMNE, NONNE,
NECNE, AN NON. A n, or whether? p ~ r h a p s designates a
doubting question, opposed to a previous one, expecting de.
eision, or opposed to one imagined as eontradietory, eonsent,
with a degree of eonfidenee: Respondeat Verres, qui sit iste
Verrutius '! mercator, a n arator, a n pecuarus '! Cie. Qul
seis, an, qUfE jubeam, sine vi facial'! Ter. Est igitur ali.
quid, quod perturbata mens melius possit facere, quam con
slans: a n quisquam potest sine perturbatione mentis irasci '1
Cie. Num inquires whether something is or not: Num
quis hic est'! nemo esto Ter. N e is added to the interrogat.
ing word, expressing a supposition of probability, not without
fear, however, of disappointed expectation: Nunquamne tibi
judicii venit la mentem'! Cie. Ubi est tua mens'! potesne
dicere'! Id. Utrum, whieh of the two? whether? with
following an or ne, leaves the answer free between two
questions opposed to each olher: Utrum defenditis, an im-
pugnatis plebem '! Liv. . Iphicrates quum interrogaretur,
utrum plurislatrem matremne faceret'! matrem, inquit.
N ep. N e in n n e strengthens the meaning of a n; so in
N u. m n e: Quando dicor spopondisse, et pro patre, a n n e pro
.filio'! Cie. In dominos qUfEM de servis iniquum est. A n
ne qurzritur '! Id. Is there really anybody who aaks?
Quid'! Deum ipsum numne vidisti'! Id. The same in
Non n e, in the eonvineing q uestion, iutended to bring the in
77. Anguis. 79. Anima. 71
terrogated person to a eonfession of truth: Quid '1 canv
nonne Imilis lupo'l Cie. Necne, and whether not? or
not r unites with the positive question the doubting, negative
ooe, respeetiog whieh the interrogator desires an answer:
Dii utrum sint, necne sint, quaritur. Cie. Sunt hac
tua "erba, necne'l Id. Or are they notr An non, or
whether oot? stand opposed either to a question affirmatively
expressed, or 10 an imagined preeeding one, ir the interro.
gator, sure of his opinion, expeets eonfirmation of the other:
Qut.eritur, Corinthiis bellum indicamus, an non'l Cie. Me
hodie conjecisti in nuptias. - A n non dixi esse hoc fotu.
nun '1- JJi3:ti. Ter. Did 1 not ten it perhaps? instead of
dixi, an non dixi '1
77. ANGUlS, SERPENS, COLUBER, DRACO, VIPERA, ASPIs.
A nguis, the winding and strangling (angere, making nar
row, strangle, throttle), espeeialIy poisonous, snake: Latet
anguis in herba. Virgo Serpens, the ereeping snake,
reptile; Co Zuber (coZere, IX, 1., a.), a smaller eylindrieal
snake: Oiconia, longis invisa colubris. Virgo Draco, a
large innocuous snake: Quidque prius fuerinl, pZacidi me
minere dracones. Ovid. Vipera (from vapor, the snuff.
ing, wheezing), the adder, whieh alone brings forth living
young ones: Parva necat morsu spatiosum vipera taurum.
Ovid. Aspis, asp, small, slowly moving, the bite of whieh
kilIs quiekly: Cleopatra periase morsu aspidis putaba
tur. Suet.
78. ANGUSTUS, ARTUS; ANGUSTIE, FAUCES, Os. A It
gustus, narrow, strait, that whieh straitens; Artus, tight,
closely fitting: In parvum el angustum Zocum concludere.
Cie. Tigna artius illigata. Cres.-Angustia, the Dar
rows in hollow roads, mountain passes, streets or lanes, where
it is diffieult to pass: Castra a n g u s t i i s via-um contrahit.
Cres. Fauces (faux, belly), the narrow entranee into a
wider space, the pass through whieh we get into a more open
country: Fa 'U e e s portus angustissima. Creso O s, mouth,
aod every similar opening, estuary: In ipso aditu oreque
portus. Cie. _
79. ANIMA, SPIRITUS, ANIMUS, MENS. A n i m a, the
breath, inasmueh as it is air; the soul, as the vivifying sub-
stance, according to the aneients, of every living being: Clo
dium animam e.fIlantem reliquit. Cie. Spiritus, the
breathiog, breath, whieh inhales and exhales the air in
draughts: Aspera arleria e:ccipit a n i m a m eam, qua ducta
72 SO. Animadvertere. 82. Aunona.
est spiritu. Cic. Extremum s pi Ti t u m ore excipere. Id.
Animus, the human soul as the prineipium of feeling, de
sire, and thinking: Immortalitas a ni m i. Constamus ex a n-
imo et eorpore. Cic. Mens, understanding, as faculty of
reflection; disposition: Menti regnum totius animi a na
tura tributum esto Cic.
80. ANIMADVERTERE, ANIMUM ADVERTERE, ATTENDEBE,
OBSERVARE. Animadvertere, to remark, to find sorne
thing that has been perceived worth observing: Experrecta
nutrix a n i m a d ver t i t, puerum dormientem circumplicatum
serpentis ample:r:u. Cic. Animum advertere, to direct
one's thoughts to something, especially something surprising:
Adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultus riretur.
Liv. Attendere, to puy attention with exertion: Quum
plura sint ambigui genera, a t ten d e r e et aucupari verba
oportebit. Cic., also: Animam compressi: aurem admovi:
ita animum eapi attendere, tOe modo sermonem eaptans.
Ter. Observare, to observe, to direct one's attention to a
subject in order to observe its changes: O b s e r" a t a Me
sunt et in signijieationem eventus a ni m a d ver s a et notata.
Cic. The Observatio, as sensual perception, precedes the
Animadversio, i. e. the operution of the mind which
draws conclusions from that whicb hus been observed.
81. ANIMOSUS, FORTlS, STRENUUS. Animosus, cauro
ageous, he who, confiding in his strength and good luck,
faces danger feurlessly and cheerfully; Portis (ferre),
brave, who suffers evil without losing courage, and standa
dungers with circumspection and fortitude, that is, enduring
moral strength: Portis et eonstantis est non perturban in
rebus asperis, sed p7'asenti animo uti et eonsilio, Me ara
tione diseedere. Cic. Strenuus, properly, tightly drawn,
active, industrious, thrifty; bence also, resolute; he who goes
quickly to work, and does not flag: Mereator stren,,,,,,
studiosusque rei gerenda. Cato. S t r e n u i s militibus vel
ignavia spem metumque addere. Tac.
82. ANNONA, COMMEATUS, PENUS. Annona, the pro
duce of this year of the fruits of the field, and the market
price depending upon it: A n non a pretium, nisi in ealami
tate fructuum, non hahet. Cic. Commeatus, propft.\ that
which comes and goes, the provision which comes frQij .other
places: Commeatum ah Roma eonsulsubvehit. Li\r Pe
n'", store of provision kept in the interior of a h o u ~ storee
. ~ .
83. AM,"". 85..Ante.
78
for the family: Cellam appellaront penariam, uOi pe1lfU.
Varr.
83. ANNUUS, ANNIVERSARIUS, SOLLEMNIS. A 1I1IUUS,
annual, of duration and regular annual recurrence, e. g. ma-
gistratus; frigorum et calorum varietates. A n n i ver s a r i-
us, that which returns with the annual change of the year:
MercurifU sacris anniversariis coZitur. Cic. Sollem-
nis, that which happens annually and with certain solemni-
ties: Idus tu.m Maia s o II e m n e s ineundis magistratillus
erant. Liv. .
84. ANQUIRERE, INQUIRERE. A n q u i r e r e, to search
about, e. g. necessaria ad ."ivendum; and to accuse one, of n
crime whose punishment is determined beforehand, which
was done by the tribunes: Quum trihunus bis pecunia an-
quisisset, tertio capitis se anquirere dixit. Liv. In-
quirere, to try, in rem, and to make inquiries, &c., for nn
accusation: Scisillum accusationem cogitare, in q u i r e r e
ia COfRpetitores, testes quarere. Cic.
85. ANTE, B, PRlE, PRO, (POR), CORAM. .t.I nte, be-
fore, in front, of place, rank, and time, i. e. being in front of
n thing, opp. post, in the back of a thing: Post me erat
.Egina, ante Megara. Cic. Ob, before, from aboye, and
in respect of the surface of a thing: O b oculos mihi caligo
o bstitit. Plaut.; o hius, that which les in the way before
one; o b tegere, to cover from aboye, to cover over; hence
ob, on account of, because the subject to which it refers lies
before us, is in our mind brought before us: O b cives serva-
tos corona data. Coram, in presence of, before, and per-
sonally, in his own person: Coram Cuspio tecum locutus
8Um. Cic. Mihi promiserunt consules coram, et absenti
mihi scripserunt. Id. P r a,' in advance of something, of tbe
. foremost place in the sense of rank, in comparison with that
which is behind; hence it is used of the start which a thing
has of another, preference and excelling: 1 prtB, sequar.
Ter. PrtB se ferre, to carry before one's self, to exhibit.
Loqui p r tB mfErore non potuit. Lictores prtBtoribus a n t e-
eunt cum fascibus. Cie., to precede. Ad honesti cognitio-
nem natura ipsa prtBeunte deducimur. Id., preceding as a
1eader. Pro, in sorne eompounds Por, forward, signifies
the direetion from the front of a thing, which remains behind
01' stationary, e. g. prospicere, to look forward into a dis-
moce; prtBgredi, to precede; progredi, to go forward,
farther and fartber on, and to go forth, with referenee to that
7
t
74 86. Antequam. ,90. A p p a r t r ~
whicb remaDs behind, e. g. longius ab castris, ex domo pro-
gredi. The orator speaks pro rostris when he has the
roltra of the tribune at his back, but also pro concione, inas-
much as he is in front of the meeting j bence pro, for, in-
atead of, in tbe sense of protection (p r o tegere) and repre-
senting, and in proportion: Sicilia Romanis non pro penaria
cella, sed pro {Nario fuit. Pro dignitate cuique tribuatur.
Cic. Thus in porrigere, portendere, polluere;-Ante-
cellere, to precede, be aboye, aeeording to rank; P r a cellere,
aeeording to the degree of quality j EIXcellere, aecording to
the elevation aboye the multitude.
S6. ANTEQUAM, PRIUSQUAM. Antequam, previou8 to,
before, according to position and time; Priusquam, sooner,
before, earlier, eomparatively: Ante videmus folgurationem,
quam sonum audiam1l1l. Senec. Membris utimur priulI,
q u a m didicimus, cujus ea utilitatis causa habeamus. Cie.
S7. ANUS, PODEX, NATES, CLUNES. Anus, the poste-
rior as the issue of the rectum j PO deIX (pedere), as the
opening of it: A n u m appellas alieno nomine: cur non 11 u o
potius '1 Cic., scil. podicem. N ates, the seat j Clunell,
the hams, used (lf men and animals.
88. ANUS, VETULA. Anus, a woman advaneed in yeare;
Ve tul a, an old woman, in the sense of disrespect.
89. APEX, CACUMEN, (COLUMEN), FASTIGIUM, VERTBX .
.A p e IX, the prominent, conical, or otber point, e. g. flam'TTUB:
Mons, apicem collectus in unum. Ovid. Cacumen, the
pointed summit, e. g. amels, montis. (Co lumen (colere,
XV, 1.), the gaMe of a building, villa, eontractedj) Cul-
men, the highest part of a thing which ends round: Cul-
mina .Alpium, also villarum. Fastigium, the pointed
edge of surfaces. inclining to one another, the high, elevated
gable end: Summi fastigia tecti adscensu supero. Virg.,
especially the triangular frontispiece of a temple: Tempestas
fastigia templorum, a culminibu8 abrupta, dissipavit.
Liv. VerteIX, the top, vertex, the highest point of a moun-
tain, tree; from which the outlines descend: Vertice ceUo
aeril1l quercus. Virgo Ignes e:x lEtnl1l vertice erumpunt.
Ce.
90. ApPARERE, COMPARERE. .Apparere, to appear, be-
come visible: Navicula prl1ldonum apparuit. Compa-
rere, to be tbere, present: Re:x iis, quorum agros urbesque
populatas esset, redderet res, qU/ll comparerent. Liv., tIlat
whieh still might be extant, be found.
91. Ara. 93. Arbiter. 75
..
91. ARA, ALUD. Ara, an altar of turf, earth, stones
put together; A 1 t a re, the metal part, whieh was placed
upon the ara for burning offerings; high altar: Aram
tenens jurat. Cie. En quatuor aras: ecce duas tibi, DapA-
"i, duas, altaria, PhaJbo. Virgo
92. ARARE, COLERE AGRUM. Arare, to plough: Quum
terra araretur et S'ulcus' altius esset impressus. Cie. Co-
lere agrum (see 30), to eultivate, till a field, also hortol,
vitem: Majores nostri SUDS agros studiose' col e b a n t, non
alienos appetebant. Cie.
93. ARBITER, JUDEX, RECUPERA'tOR, QUESITOR; ARBI-
TRIUM, JUDICIUM, EXlSTIMATIO. Arbiter (ar"': Mtere, the
approaehing listener: Remotis arbitris. Cie.), an arbi-
trator, who decides a dispute according to fairness, equity
(ea: aquo et bono): Vicini nostri ambigunt de jinibus: me
apere arbit1'um. Ter. Judex, judge, who decides ac-
cording to law and striet right. Recuperator, one who is
charged to assist another to obtain his r i ~ t and due, gener-
alIy by the judge after sentence; a judge respeeting disputad
property, whether in land or money: Postquam prator re-
cuperatores dedit, damnatus demum, vi coactus reddidit
MCC. Philiypt"m. Plaut. In cases ealled judicia privata,
tbe arbitri and judice. were ehosen by the prretor from
among private eitizens; the recuperatores, from the
collegium centumvirale. They then aeted according to a
formula prescribed by bim; but he himself decided what was
Iaw. Quasitores, inquisitors, i. e. judges who investigate,
inquire, were those four prretors, who in judicia publica, ex-
isted besides the prator urbanus and peregrinus, and who, in
penal Cases (quastiones perpetua, since 604 A. U.), pre-
sided. - A r bit ri u m, the result of arbitration, according to
principIes of fairness, equity, generally also free choice;
Judicium, the court, tbe sentence according to strict justice
and law, and generally every unbiassed judgment, praise or
blame; Existimatio, 45, a judgment whieh is founded
upon the moral character, the estimation, a result of obser:
vation and opioion; Judicium, the distinet opini9n ex-
pressed upon something: Clementia liberum arbitrium
habet: non sub formula, sed ex aquo et bono judicat. Senee.
Legio Casari gratias egit, quod de se optimum judicium
fcciSIJet. Creso Mea vita ratio dimanav-it ad existima-
tionem Aominum commendatione ac judicio meorum. Cie.,
passive: Boe dignitati et existimationi tua conducit.
Id., caIIing.'
76
94. Arbitrari. 95. Arca.
94. AltBITRAltl, EXISTIMAltE, VlDERI, OPINARI, RERI,
CREDERE, PUTARE, CENSERE, SENTIRE. Arbitrari, to
believe, lo opine, in consequence of sensual perception, or
of conviction, which is not perfeetly sure; Existimare,
45, in conseq uenee of mature refteetion aud weighing the
Jeasons: Arbitror: certum non scimus. Ter. Auicus maJ:-
imum existimavit qucestum, memorem gratumque tlideri.
Nep. Videri, having the appearance, to appear, if the
opinion is founded upon external appearance, and inquiry into
the essentil state is waived: Pancetius induxit eam, qUtB
videretur esse, non quce esset, repugnantiam. Cie. Opi-
nari, to opine, suppose, if we suppose something as possi-
ble, witbout farther referenee to tbe eorreetness of the rea-
sons: Aiunt, sapientem scepe aliquid o pi n a r, quod neaciat.
Cie. Red, to believe, bave the opinion founded upon Tea-
sonable grounds, caleulations, eonclusions [in a similar way,
, though for another degree of belief, are vulgarly used the
words calculate and reckon, in Amerlea and sorne parts of
England]: Non equidem insector delendaque carmina Liv.
case reor. Hor. Credere, to believe, to hold something
to be true: Fere libenter homines id, q,od vo1unt, credunt.
Cres. Putare (see Amputare, 75), to believe, to express .
one's opinion as result of reasoning (rationem putare), weigh-
ing reasons and counter-reasons. Aliquis 10r8an me putet
non putare hoc vcrom. Ter. Cenaere (properly, to esti-
mate the faeulty, capaeity by hundreds, centum). to give
one's opiuion on a subjeot, and, generally, to be of opiI1ioD in
a formal way, legally: Senatus Ccelium al; re publica remo-
vendum cenauit. Creso Sentire, to be disposed, to think,
lo judge, thus or otherwise from moral reasOlls: lJfJ cete1'&
rebus quid senserim, quidque censuerim, audisse te ar-
bitror. Cio.
95. ARCA, CrsTA, CAPSA, SCRINlUM, AUMARIUM. Arca,
a box, ehest, whieh can be locked, is low and placed on the
ground; the Cista is a smaIler box, to keep somethiDg, and
the still smaller is Capaa, to keep something with care
against injury, e. g. books, fruits; they are portable; Scrio
"ium, (a shrine,) box with divisions, pigeon.holes. in which
Ietters, medicines, or things of value are kept; Armari . .,m,
a box for instruments, whieh are constantly used, and which
()De wishes to have handy, also for books, clothes; it is higher
than the Arca, has divisions, and sometimes was fastened
sgainst the wall. Argentum in arca pomum. cle. Arca
96. Arcere. 100. Argentt.&r'iu.
tJestiaria. Varr. Sestertio8 in ci8tam traruferam u: foco.
Cie. Multis custodilnu opu8 erit, si te semel ad meu cap-
sil. admisero. Id. Thne aurum.u: armario tilo promere
mua es '1 Cic.
96. AReERE, PROHIBERE, PROPULSARE. Arcere, to limit,
to repel from further proceeding: Platanus solem tUtate
arcet, hieme admittit. Plin. Prohibere, to keep off, at
a distanee, somebody from something, or something from
somebody: Pradones ab insula Sicilia prohibuit. Cie.
Ab hoc periculo prohibete rem publicam. Id. Propul-
sare, to repel violently something hostill:l, to drive away:
Hostem a cutris pro pul s are. Cres..
97. ARDERE, FLAGRARE, DEFLAGRARE. Ardere, to
hum, to be in flames, used of the burning body and the rising .
flames: Ardentia, procul vidit cutra. Liv. Imagine
cerea largior arserit ignis. Hor. Flagrare, to be in
bright flames, in German jlackern, usad of the bright, high
fire moved by the air: Flagrantes onerariu, quu incen-
derant milites, 'VidebatiS, Cie. Deflagrare, to bum down,
off, to be in the state of being consumed by flames: Qua
nocte natus est Alu:ander, Diana Ephesia templum defla-
gravito Cie.
98. AREA, PLANITIES, CAMPUS. Area, a space wbich
has been made plain, a threshing-floor in the open field;
with temples, e. g. Capitolii, and palaces, it means the yard:
Frumentum de area tollere. Cic. Ponendaque domo qua-
renda est area primum. Hot. Planities, a plain, a hor-
izontal surface without considerable elevations: Collis pau-
lum u: planitie editus. Creso Campus, 50, an open
plain, extending far, e. g. Campus Martius. Babylonii i"
camporum patentium czquoribus habitantes. Cic. Coll;'
erat, collemque super planissima campi area. Ovid.
99. ARENA, SABULUM, GLAREA, SABURRA. Arena, tbe
finer sand consisting of gravel: Ventis arena moventur.
Plin. Sabulum and Sabulo, sand which is mixed with
earth, sand-eartb: Ad vitem rutilum s a b u lo n e m, qui Bit .
tv'dtll terrcz permistus, probant. Colum. G 1 ar e a, gravel:
VilIl pulvis, non glarea injecta est. Cic. Saburra, Sa-
bura, coarse sand, baIlast: Oneraria multa saburra gra-
vattll. Liv.
100. ARGENTARIUS, MENSARIUS, NUMMULARIUS. A r
gentariu., an excbange-broker on bis own aceount, a
blmker. They had in Rome their stalls near the market.
7ff
'78 101. ,Argunumtatio. 10D. Arrnentum.
lent money on ioterest, made payments, and did broker busi-
ness at auetiollll; Me n 11 a r i u 8, a banker of the republ.ic,
who, with a quastor. kept and managed publie money;
Nummularius, an exehange-broker on a small seale: Id,
quod argentario tuleris expensum, ab BOcio ejus recte re-
petere posMa. Ad Herenn. Quinque '/Jiri creati, quos Me 11-
,ario s ab dispensatione pecunia appellarunt. Liv_
101. ARGUMENTATIO, RATIOCINATIO. Argumentatio.
too proving a thing or position from faets; Ratiocinatio,
the conclusion whieh reason makes, and the proof founded
upon the same: Etiamne in tamperspicuis rehus argu-
mentatio qucerenda'! Cie. Ratio cinatia est oratio ez
ipsa re probabile aliquid eliciens, quod expositum et per 8e
cognitum sua S8 vi et ratione confirmet. Id. Cicero omnem
argumentationem dividit in duas partes, inductionem
et ratiocinationem. Quinetil.
102. ARIDUS, SICeus, SOBRlUS. Addus, dry, dried up,
well dried, German drre: Suscepit ignem foliis atque ari-
da circum nutrimenta dedit. Virgo Siccus, dry on the
surfaee, externally: Summa petit scopuli, siccaque ia rope
resedit. Virg.; henee also, he who has not yet drunk, opp.
to madidus. The English dry is used similarly, though it
signifies rather the effeet, namely, feeling dry, i. e. beiog
thirsty. So brius (se- ebrius), sober, not iutoxieated: Qua-
si inter sobrios bacchari vinolentus videtur. Cie.
103. ARISTA, SPICA. Arista, the pointed and priekly
fibres on the ear of eulmiferou's fruits, and the ear whieh has
them; Spica, Spicum, and Spicus, i, the ear, inasmuch,
as it is a pointed body: &ges fundit frugem s pi c i, Qrdine
,tructam, et contra avium minorum morsus munitur vallo
aristarum. Cie. Maturis albescit messis adstis. Ovid_
104. ARMA, TELA. Arma, properly the shield on the
arm (see 106), in general defensive arms, which however
may at the same time be offensive or eapable of woundiog;
Tela; offensive arms: Arma sunt ala ad tegeallum, ala
ad nocendum: qtuI! qui non habent, inermes sunt. Cic_ ,Te la
in hostem, hasta et gladius. Liv., [Tela may be connected
with the Teutonie Ziel, the object we strive to reach, target.
&e., as we do by spears and arrows.] ,
105. ARMENTUM, JUMENTUM, PECUS, GREX. Armen-
tum, beasts, eattle used for agricultural purposes; in gen-
eral, larger animals, cattle, horses, stags, large sea-animals:
Boum "rmeRta. Vago Jumentum, animala ror draught
106. Armus. lOB. Arrogtln.f.
79
or carriage, as horses, asses, camels: Timoleon t1ectu6 ju-
mentis junctis. Nep. ,MeteUus jumenta Barcinis letJari
jubet. Sall. Pecus, pedids, catde, collectively, which
we raise and take care of; Pecus, pecudis, a single one
oC cattle, plur. also pecua, obsolete: Est scientitJ pecodB
parandi et pascendi; ejus pars est una de minoribus pecu-
dibus, cujus generis tria, ovis, capra, SUS; altera de peco-
re majore, in quo BUnt boves, asini, equi. Varr. Patres
pe c u a captiva, proder e,quos, restituenda censuerunt domi-
nis. Liv. Grex, a' herd"a number, also of the larger cattle;
bUl ifthe object is distinction, grex is used ofsmaller beasts
only: Mille greges illi, totidemque armenta per herbas
pascebant. Ovid. Pecudes dispulsa sui generis sequuntur
greges, uf bos armenta. Cic.
106. ARMUS, HUMERUS, LACERTUS, BRACHIUM. ArmuB,
poetically, the strong, muscular upper.arm: Latos huc hasta
per armos acta tremit. Virg.; gene rally the breast with
larger quadrupeds; Humerus, the upper-arm with the
shoulder, from the shoulder-blade and the clavicula (jugulum)
to the elbow (u1na); L j certus, the Hesby part of tbe upper-
arm io the middle; Brachium, the lower part of the arm,
from the elbow to the beginning of the hand: Homini un,
humeri, ceteris armi. Plin. Milo llUmeris sustnebat
booem vivum. Cic. Femina Germanorum nuda b r a c h i ti
ac lacertos. Tac.
107. ARRA, ARRABO, PIGNUS. Arra, abbreviation o
Arrabo, the earnest-money in a bargain, in order to fix it,
to make the bargain certain: JEdes destinat talentis duobus,
Bed arraboni has dedit quadraginta minas. Plaut. P i g ~
nUB, a pledge, left, in making a contract, in the hands o the
other party, which he shall keep until the contract is fulfilled.
On thc fulfilment, the pignus i!1 returned, the arrabo not:
Ager oppositus est pignori ob deeem minas. Ter., as
pledge.
lOB. AUOGANs, SUPERBUS, INsoLENs, F ASTIDlOSUS, V A-
NU8; SUPBRBIA, FASTUS, FASTIDlUM. Arrogans, arra-
gant, to dare and undertake something against propriety,
against the rights and dignity of others: Ne arroganll in
prm-ipiendo populi beneficio videretur. C ~ s SuperbuII
(mper, VI.), proud, he who iP overvaluing his own merits or
talents, considers himself aboye others, and makes them eel
this opioion by undervaluing them, by contempt, love o splen-
dor, also by tyranny : . Dionyllius BU P et' hm lIe prce1ntU '"
80
109. Ara. 110. Arteria.
fortuna. Cie. Superboa verterefuneribu triumphoa. Hor.
Inaolens, haughty, presumptuous, overbearing, he who
abuses his superiority in offending and humiliating others. In
8uperbua is the idea of proudly elevating ourselves aboye
others; in insolens, the idea of surprising. (in-8olere),
offensive, scornful superciliousness: Quce est ista in comme-
moranda pecunia tam inaolens oatentatio '1 Cie. Fasti-
dio8u8, he who shows to others his antipathy and proud
eontempt because they displease mm: In auperWres contu'"
max, in t:equD8 et pares fas tidio8u8, in omnes intolerabilis.
Ad Herenu. Vanu8 (belongs to vacare, German Wahn,
XI, 2.), vain, eoneeited, who imagines superiorityand boasts
of it, a superiority whieh he does not possess, or whieh a
rational man would not value: Pari vanitate atque in80-
len tia Vitellius lapidem, memorice Othonis inscriptum, in-
tuens, dignum eo mausoleo, ait, Suet. - Superbia is pride
from too high an opiDion of one's self, as quality; Fa8tus,
pride whieh manifests itself by indifferenee or disdain against
others, as not good enough, the proud eODduet: Fastus
inest pulchri8 8equiturque superbia formam. Ovid. Prudely
playing the recherch. Fastidium, fastidiousness, disre-
garding, despising others, as a state of the mind, in the ab-
straet: Apparet, non 8uperbia et fa8tidio te amplissimos
honore8 repudiare. Plin. Pan.
109. ARs, ARTIFICIUM, Opus; SCIENTIA; ARTES, DOTES.
Ars, the art as skill and (by exereise, w-ercere, aequired),
skilfulness: Quam quisque norit artem, in kac 8e werceat.
Cie. Artificium, the art in its applieation, skill of the
artifieer, also artifiee, knaek: Simulacrum Diance 8ingulari
opere atque artificio perfectum. Cie. Vincere art.ifi-
cio qudam et 8cwntia oppugnationis. Creso OpU8, a work
full of art, a skilful work,work of the fine arts: LOCU8 et
natura et opere munitus. Creso Mirari GrtEcarum artium
opere. Liv. -Ars, the art, as system of the rules of art;
Scientia, the knowledge and scienee of the art, philosophy
of the art: Thm disciplina militaris in artis perpetuis
prtEceptis ordinattE modum venerat. Liv. Ars sine 8 ci e n-
tia esse non potest. Cie.-Artes, aequired skill; Dotes,
natural gifts and talents: Omnibus ingenuis artibs in-
structus. Cie. Tibi natura raras dotes ingeniumque de-
du. Ovid.
110. ARTERIA, VENA.. Arterice, arteries, the pulsating
conduits, according to Cicero mere cbannels of air, by tbe
111. Artifex. 113. Asper. 81
beating of whieh tbe blood in tbe veins, lying above tbem, il!
carried 00 j Ven 11 (pia, obsolete vea, XI, 2., 6.), vein, also
usad of veins of ore or water: Sanguis p,er ven a s in omne
CM'fJfU diJfunditur, et spiritus per arterias. Cie.
111. RTIFEX, F ABER, PIFEX, PERARlUS, PERJE, MER.
CENARIUS. A r tif e x, the artist, in respect of talent, study,
and iogenious invention: Qui distingues artificem ab in
scio'l Cie. Grreci dicendi artifices et doctores. Id. F-
ber, tbe artifieer wbo fashions bard substanee, in respeet to
bis skilful treatment of the substance, and joining of its parts,
e. g. ferrarius, tignarius: Grrecia marmoris a1It eboris fa.
bros, aut rem amal,it. Hor. Opifex, tbe ma'ker of me
ehanical productions, in which a pleasing exterior and useful
ness are requisite, a mechanic: Adhibitis opificum mani
bus tecti, vestiti, salvi esse possumus. Cie. Zeno verborum
opifex. Id. Operarius, the workman, laborer, destined
for manual labor, and executing it, frequently expressed in
English by hand: Vineam habere oportet o pe r a r i o s de
cem. Cato. Operre, the workmen, hands, who are employed
in a eertain work, the abstract for the concrete: Opere
conducta el l1.d diripiendum urbem concitala. Cie. Merce
nllrius, a workman or laborer, ioasmuch as he works for
wages, day.laborer, opp. servus. .
112. ARX, CASTRUM, CASTELLUM, MUNITIO, MUNIMEN'
TUM. Arx, ao emioence which overlooks the surrounding
country, hence an eminence fortified for the security of a
place, a castle: Roma septem una sibi muro circumdedit
arces. Virgo Tarento amisso, arcem tamen Livius reti
nuit. Liv. Castrum, a place, fort, fortress surrouoded with
walls and redoubts agaiost hostile attacksj Castra, plur.a
camp surrounded with wall and fosse: Alcibiadi Grunium
dederat, in Pltrygia castrum. Nep. Castellum, prop.
a reservoir oear ao aqueduct, a small fort: Erant circum
castra Pompeii editi colles: hos Cresar prasidiis tenuit,
castellaque ibi communiit. Creso Munitio, fortification,
as action, as well as the work whicb fortifies j Munimen
tum, the meaos of protectioo aod fortification j the fortifica
tion as a work: Brutus Mutinam operibus munitionibus.
que sepsit. Cic. Instar muri hre sepes m u n i m e n t a pl'tB-
behant. Cres. Tenere se m lf n i m e n t i s caslrorum. Tac.
113. ASPER, SALEBROSUS, CONFRAGOSUS. A sper, 17,
rough, uneven: Loca aspera et montuosa. Creso Sale
bro.u., rugged, where, OD account of the many stones., we
114. A8Iecla. 116.A,siduw.
can proceed only, as it were, by leaping (,alire): Ips4 C07IIU
"eniam, nec me sa-lebrosa movebunt 8ii.xa. Ovid. COft-
fragosus, fuIl of rents, where hoIlows, glebes,_ stones, and
rocks make proceeding difficult: In confragoso ac if-
ficili fundo armenta t'alentiora parandum. Varr.
114. ASSECLA, ASSECTATOR, COMES, SOCIUS, SODALIS;
SOClETAS, SODALICIUM, COLLEGIUJ\I. Assecla, he who fol-
lows in our steps from flattery and interest: lpsos pratares-
et consules, non legatorum asseclas, recipere. Cic. As-
sectator, the constant companion, follower, from esteem or
attachment: Afrieani vetus assectator, ex numero amico-
rumo Cic. Auditor asseetatorque Protagor03. Gell. Co-
mes, the companion who goes with sorne person by way oC.
eompany; Socius, the associate, for the same purpose, par-
ticipator in the same undertaking or fate: Fugientis -e o m e 8
rem publieam recuperantis s o ci U s videar esse debere. Cic.
S o ci i putandi aunt, quos nter re8 eommunieata s t ~ Id.
Sodalis, a comrade, member of a gny company, not open
to all, club: Epulabar cum sodalibus. Cie.-Societ4s,
society, as a union fol' general participation: Cum bonis am-
nbus coi" non modo saluti8, verum etiam pericul s o ci e t a-
temo Cic. Sodalicium, se. eonvivum, an assembled so-
eietr. of sodale8, club; Collegium, the union of CeUow
officers, e. g. pontijicum, and a corporation acknowledged by
the state, a guild, e. g. pi8torum, naviculariorum.
115. ASSEQUI, CONSEQUI, ADlPISCI, IMPETRARE, OBTI-
NERE. Assequi, to follow that whieh precedes, to ap-
proaeh, reaeh something high, diffieuIt; Consequi, to over-
take, to obtain, to enter into real possession: lte cito: jam
ego a8sequar "08. Plaut .. Propera, ut nos eon8equare.
Cie. Omnia, qU03 ne per populum quidem sine seditione se
assequi arbitrabantur, per senatum consecuti sunt. Id.
Adipisci, to obtain or overtake something pursued, an oh-
ject, something desired: Fugientes in via adipisci. Liv.
Lentulus aummos honores a populo adeptus esto Cie. Im-
petrare, to obtain by prnyers, representations: Demetrio
Dolabella rogatu meo civitatem a C038are impetravit. Cic.
O b t i n e r e, to insist on the possession of a disputed thing,
against the danger of losing it, to hold, e. g. jus suum, he-
reditatem: Suam quisque domum tum o b t i n e b a t, me erat
usquam tua. Cic. .. ,
116. ASSIDUUS, CONTINUUS, PERPETUUS; CONTlNUE.-
NUO,-NENTEIl. AuiduU8, he who sits always by it.
117. Astrum. 119. AIer.
83
always present, without interruption: Roscius ruri assidu-
UB, semper viril. Cie. Assidua bella cum Volscis gesta.
Liv. Continuus, holding together, hanging together, con-
tinual, used of uninterrupted eonoexion; Perpetuus, 47,
in one series, of uriinterrupted eontinuation: Dentes serrati
BUnt canibus; co-ntinui, homini, equo. Plin. Tres con-
tinui consulatus. Liv. Erant Menapii perpetuis palu-
dibus Bilvisque muniti. Cres., one touehing the other. Mon-
tes continui, mountain ehains; perpetui, eontiguous
mOUDtains, whieh, nevertheless, can be distinguished from
one another. Biennium continuum, of a long duration;
perpetuum, ofuninterrupted duration. -Flumenfluit con-
tinue. Varr., eontinualIy. Ignis in aquam conjectus con-
tinuo restingttitur. Cie., immediately afier, of direet con-
sequenee. BelgtE cum Germanis continenter bellum ge-
runt. Cres., without interruption.
117. ASTRUM, SIDUS, STELLA. Astrum (l1rqo,.), and
Latin Sidus, the constellation, a group of stars, and as
larger heavenly-body withreferenee to its signifieation and
inftuenee upon the earth: Orbem per duod,ena regit mundi
Bol aureus astra. Virgo Homines annum solis, id ut unius
astri, reditu metiuntur. Cie. Occidente jam sidere Ver-
giliarum. Liv. Sidera, qUtE vocantur errantia. Cie.
St e II a, a single star, as effulgent body of the heavens:
Stella Veneris. Cie.
lIS. ASYLUM, PER - REFUGIUnl. Asylum, a publie,
sacred asylum, the saeredness of whieh protected: QutEstor
vi prohibitus est, quominus e fano DiantE servum suum, qui
in illud asylum confugisset, abduceret. Cie. Perfugi-
um, a refuge for proteetion agaiost daoger, or for assistaoee
in calamity: Monni paludes non habebant, qua perfugio
BUperiore anno fuerant usi. Cres. Refugium, a remote
place of refuge, ioto whieh we retire: SilvtE tutius dedere
refugium (e.v campis). Liv. _
119. ATER, NIGER, PULLUS, Fuscus. Ater, eoal-blaek,
as the pure color; opp. albus, 55; also sigoifying mouming
and misfortune, e. g. cupressus: Tam a t r a m reddam, quam
carbo esto Ter., Dies atri, were the CalendtE, NontE, Idus
and dies Alliensis. Niger, black, like the oight, raven-
black, opp. candidus: CtBlum pice nigrius. Ovid. Ni-
gris oculis nigroque crine decorus. Hor. Niger COTVUS
inIfr olores ridetur. Martial. Pullus, dirty-black: Toga
palla, with common people and moumers. FUBCUS, black-
........
84 120. Atkleta. 122 . .Atroz.
ish, dark, e. g. thc skin, in consequence of exp08ure to a bot
sun: Andromede, patritE fusca colore SUtE. Ovid.
120. ATHLETA, PUGIL, GLADIATOR, LANISTA. AtAle'a,
.one who appeared in public games in general, in which
bodily strengtb, nimbleness, and rhythm of motion were
req uisite: A t k le t tE se e:r:erce.ntes in curriculo. Cie. P u-
gi 1, a pugilist, whose bands were armed with the cestus:
Pugiles,etiam quum feriunt adversarium, in jactandis
cestibus ingemiscunt. Cie. Gladiator, tbe fighter, cham-
pion by profession, who, with tbe gladius, figbts publicly:
A"t kl etas et gladiat ores 'Didemus nihil facere, in quo non
motus kic kabeat paltEstram quandam. Cic. Lanista, the
fencing-master who instructs the gladiators and deals in them.
121. ATRIUM, VESTIBULUM, AULA. A trium, Ute entry
of aRoman house, from the door to the curtain of the kitchen
in the back part, from which the smoke passed through it,
the place where images of the family were placed, and where
visits were received; in temples, the hall s and porticos near
the entry: A tri a servantem postico falle clientem. Hor.
QulEStiones habittE in atrio Libertatis. Ci. Vestibu-
Zum, the front-yard or open place from the house-door to the
low wall which separated it from the street. Gell. 16, 5. In
primo aditu ves t i bu lo que templi. Cic. A u la, the hall
and front-yard, with reference to spaciousness and magnill-
cence, gene rally of princely buildings: Janitor aultE Cer-
beros. Virgo Penetrant aulas et limina regum. Id.
122. ATROX, TRUX, TRUCULENTUS, TORVUS, TETER, DI-
RUS, IMMANIS, BARBARUS, FERUS, DURUS, CRUDELIS, SA!:-
YUSo Atro:r: (ater, 119, V, 2.), who causes misfortune. "
mourning, and who or which is apt to do it. e. g. ctEdes, pug-
na: Furit te reperire atro:r: Tydides. Hor., panting for
revenge. Horrida et atro:r: 'Didebatur Appii sententia.
Liv., cruel. Tru:r:, spiteful, of the wild, staring look. wbicb
threatens successful resistance and danger: Horatius Coclu,
"circumferens truces minaciter oculos ad proceres Etrosco-
rumo Liv. Tauro slEVior truci. Ovid. Truculentus,
full of spite, causing fear and shuddering, by'a wild, spiteful
look: Alter tribunus quam teter incedebat, quam truculen-
tus, quam terribili adspectu! Cic. TorfJus, wrathful.
grim, with dark look and distorted fcatures: Irati nllu
torv a que forma minantis. Ovid. Teter, TtEter. disgusto
ing, ugly, horrid for sight, scent,.and taste, e. g. aqua, l ~
Ne qua scintilla teterrimi belli relinquatur. Cic. " Di,. ...
123. A"arus. 124. Auctio.
(88 t l v ~ from de1U, VIII, 2.), ominous, and thus causing hor-
ror, borrid lo hear or 10 see, dire, e. g. Hannibal. Hor.; hence
parmtilnu abominatus. Id. _ Dira exsecratio. Liv. Di-
r. Deul cetera auspicia nuntiant eventura, nisi provideris.
Cic., bad indications. 1mmanis, that which causes surprise,
horror, or fear by that which is un usual aod unnatural: 1m-
m a 11 i magnitudine simulacra. Creso Te t r a et i m m a n i s
belua. Cic. Barba,."s, foreigo, rude, ullpolished: 1mma-
ns ac barbara C071sueludo hominum immolandorum. Creso
Ferus, wild, living wild, and of uocivilized, caUous senti-
ment: Homines in agria el in tectissilvestribus abditos ex
eris el immanibus mites reddidit et mansuetos. Cic.
Filum ego erus tIC ferreus dimisi. Id. Durus, hard,
callous, without feeling. Crudelis, cruel, of disposition
and action, of rude character, he who delights in the suffer-
ing of others. Savus, furious, used of the wild passion of
an infuriated person, who is no longer master over himself:
S."a canum rabies. Propert. Sava Tisiphone. Hor.
123. AVARUS, AVIDUS, SORDIDUS, PARCUS, TENAX, RE-
STRICTUS. A" arus, avaricious, of continual and insatiate
desire to possess tbe property of others: A v aritia pecunia
studium habet; ea semper i,y;,nita, inaatiabilis esto Sall.
A vid us, impeUed by cupidity, longing, yet transitorily, for
sometbing, also innocent things, e. g. pecunia, cibi, sermonis,
laudis_ Sordidus, meanly avaricious, niggardly, he who
does not care for honor or propriety in order to satisfy cupid-
ity: mfberales et s o r d i d i qucestus mercenariorum omnium.
Cie. Pareus, saving, he who observes the limits of neces-
sity lo tbe utmost, bordering close on the shabby: Temperat
el wmtus pareus uterque parena. Ovid. Tenax, tigbt, he
who keeps tbe money back, miserly: Parcum ge'llus, qua-
silique tenax, el qu qUSita reservent. Ovid. Relltrictus,
penurious, tight: Ad largiendum ex alieno fui r e s tri c t i-
OT. Cic., tbe parcus shuns expenses; Ihe restrictus dis-
likes lo give, gives little; the tenax gives nothing.
124. AUCTIO, SECTIO, . LlCITATlO. A u c t i o, public auc-
bon lo tbe bighest bidder: Bona Roscii, constituta a u c t i-
o.e, "endebat. Ce. Sectio, the division of booty or prop
erty of condemned persons by auction among the Sectores,
.. 110 bought tbem in order to seU them agaio by single pieces:
A4 tllud scclus s e c ti o n i 8 accedere nemo est afJ8fJ8, qwm
,.,.,.t circum hastam illam. Cic. Licitatio, tbe bidding
iD aa auction: Licitationem facere. Cic.
. 8
86
125. Auctor.
,
125. AUCTOR, CONDITOR, SCRIPTOR, DOCTOR, CONSILU.-
RIUS, LATOR, SUASOR, PRINCEPS, TESTIS, SPONSOR. A U c-
tor (augere, 76.), tbe author of any thing, be who causes a
tbing, and to whom, therefore, it may be imputed. Frm
this idea, however, every tbing relating to manifestation of
power,of exertion, is excluded. This is expressed by otber
words. Auctor urbis, tbe author of a city, i. e. he from
whom came the idea, plan, and execution; Conditor, tbe
{ounder, be who built it. Rerum auctor, the bistorian, in-
asmucb as he is author of the plan and guaranty of the con-
tents; Scriptor, as author, in the modern sense, with tbe
mode ofrepresenting tbings, peculiar to him. Auctor, pre-
decessor in doctrine and example; Doctor, Prt1!ceptor,
Magister, tbe practising teacher, school-teacher: Plato
non intelligendi solum, sed etiam dicendi auctor et ma-
gister. Cic. Auctor, the leader, he who gives the tone,
who in deliberation speaks first, and whose vote is of peculiar
weight; Consiliarius, Senator, he who was used as
giving counsel, a counsellor: Senatui pacisauctor jui.
Cic. Ea ratio adificandi initur, consiliario quidem et
auctore Vectario. Id. Auctor legis, tbe one who starts
the law, with whom it originates, and through whose authority
or approbation it beco mes law; Lator legis, he wbo pro-
poses a law to tbe people; Suasor, be who praises, supports
it: Cassia lex Scipione a u c t o r e 1 a t a esse dicitur. Cic.
Auctoribus Diis ad rem gerendan projiciscimur. Liv.,
who approve of our undertaking. Decreverunt" Patres, ut,
quum populus regem jussisset, id sic ratum esset, si Patres
auetores .fterent. Id., if the senators approved and con-
firmed the resolve of the people. Auetor. the ringleader.
originator, inasmuch as the guilt. of an actioo or effect must
be imputed to bis iofluence; Princeps, Du:z:, be wbo
makes the beginning, places bimself at the head: Auetorea
belli, defectionis. Liv. Te bonis omnibus auetorem, prin-
eipem, ducem prabeas. Cic. A uetor, the voucher, wbose
statement and declaration is appealed to 00 accouot of his
credibility; Testis, witness, who declares himself for the
truth of a fact after perceptioo by bis senses: Varro pradi-
cavit, adversa Casarem pralia fecisse; id se certis nunti-
is, certis auctoribus eomperisse. Creso Majares nostri
nullam rem agere feminas sine a u e t o re voluerunt. Cie.,
witbout confirmation and guaftlnty of the guardian or a rela-
tive. Auetor, who olfers himself as hai1; SpOn60f', he
126. Auctorjtas. 127. Audere. 87
who fonnally and according to law becomes bail: Teate,
Apuli jwdus petitum. venerunt, pacis per omnem. Apuliam
prcutanda populo Romano auctor'e8. Id audacter spon-
de7ld o im.petravere, ut jredus daretur. Liv. .
126. AUCTORITAS, GRATlA, FAVOR; SENATUS AUCTORI-
TAS, CONSULTUM, DECRETUM. Auctoritas, authority by
which we exercise intluence with othera; Gratia, favor, in
a passive sense, tlle being popular, beloved; Favor, favor,
inasmueh as it shows itself to others, e. g. popularity as be-
stowed by the people, applause: Habet, ut in (]!tatibus aue-
t o r ita t e m. 8enectus, sic in exemplis antiquitas. Cie. Attico
]wnorespatebantproptervel gratiam, vel dignitatem. Nep.
Rumor.e et j a v o r e populi tenetur, et ducitur. Cic. Trium-
pkus actus magno javore plebis. Liv. Senatus aucto-
ri t a s was a decree of the senate, inasmuch as it prQnounced
its deeision or will, as the highest power or executive, and
confirmed it by the names of the present senators (auctori-
tates), which were signed at the head, even if the tribunes oC
the people had vetoed; Senatus consultum, with re-
speet to the previous deliberations, espeeialIy when, by the
approval of the tribunes, it had received the force aOO
authority of law; Senatus decretum, inasmuch as it pro-
noullced the unalterable and decisive will of the senate, as
result of their deliberations: Severitatem majorum S e n a t u s
vetus auctoritas de Bacchanalibus declarat. Cie. The
same decree is called e n ~ t u s consultum, Liv., 39,17,
pro er., Cic. Fam. 8,8. Si qus intercedat Senatus con-
sulto, auctoritate se jore contentum. Liv. Accepto inde
Senatus decreto, ut jussu populi Camillus dictator e:I:-
templo diceretur, nuntius Vejos contendit. Liv.
127. AUDERE, CONAEI, MOLlRI, NITI; AUDENS, AUDAX,
TEMERARIUS. 'Audere, to dare, at the perilof failure and
one's own danger, designates fearlessness, and daring in a
bold undertaking; e o n a r i, to have the boldness, the bold
undertaking of a work which demands pains and exertion;
Moliri (properIy to strive to remove a large, heavy mass,
-.olea), to endeavour to bring about something important and
diffieult, undaunted and uneensing exertion in a great and
laborious work; Niti, to exert one's self, to stem against;
it indicates exertion of power in the exeeutionof a work :
4lqU08 duperatio ultima audere et experiri cogebat. Liv.
Napum opus et arduum Gonamur: sed nihil difficik
...-ti puto. Cic. Mundum ejficere m o 1 i en, deus terram
88 12S. Audire. 129. AlIe.
primum ignemque junge"at'. Id. Pugnahatur loro iniquo:
milites lamen virtute et patientia ni te" a n t u l' atque omnia
vulnera sustinebant. Creso Optimi cujusque ar.imus marime
ad immortalitatem glori(Z nititur. Cie.- Audens, bold,
eourageous, only for 8 eertain case; .4 u d ax, bold, daring,
designa tes habit, disposition, and a higher degree, 8 heedless
man, who with impious temerity ehaIlenges danger. Te me-
rarius, without any eonsideration, who 01' be-
lieves without judgment; Tu ne cede malis, sed contra
audentior ito. Virgo Naut(Z per O7Izne audaces marr;
qui currunt. Hol'. Ad consilium, prima specie temerari-
um magis qumn audaa:, .animum adjecit, ut ultro castra
llOstium oppugnarel. Liv.
128. AUDIltE, Ex-INAUDIRE, AUSCULTARE; AUDIENTEM,
AUDITOREM ESSE. Audire, to hear, perceive by the sense
of hearing; E xau di r e, to hear from a distanee yet dis-
tinctly; 1 na udire, to hear, le8rn by the way, unoffieialIy:
Maxima voce, ut omnes exaudire possint, dico. Cie. Po-
etieally, aIso, to hear and grant, to hear favorably, e. g.
prayers, the German erltoren also: Dii preces me-as audi-
verunt. Cie. Concilia sunt inita de me; qu(Z te video in-
audisse. Id., also in the partieiple: Inaudita credulitatr.
Id., unheard of. Auscultare (ausiculo, from auris, XIX,
5, 10.), to listen, pay attention in hearing, seeretly and open-
ly; alicui, to pay attention to what one says, to obey, pre-
eisely as the German gellOrchen, to obey, comes fmm nor-
citen, to listen: Omnia ego ist(Zc a u s c u l t a vi ab ostio.
Plaut. Ausculta paucis, nisi molestum esto Ter. Mihi
ausculta: vide, ne tibi desis. Cie., more intense than au-
dire, to listen attentively to one's whole statement, to listen
with approval, following the speaker: Veniunt, qui me audi-
a n t, quasi doclum hominem.. Cic. Vellem a principio t.
audisse amicissime monentem. Id. -18 qui audit is!he
present person who hears; Audiens, the eontinual hearer;
Audito r, the hearer in general, the scholar, pupil; Oratorum
eloquenti(Z moderatm est au d i l o r um prudentia. tJmneg
enim, qui probari volunt, t'oluntatem eorum, qui audiunt.
intuentur. Cie. Te, annuTli jam audientem
abundare IJportet pr(Zceptis philosophi(Z. Id. NfMTIa PytAo-
gora auditor foit. Id. Omnes oporte! senatui dieto
audientes e8se. Id., to one exactly, to tho
letter. .-
129. AVE, SALVE, VALE. long live! Jire!
z
130. Avertere. 133. Avis. 89
and tavere te jubeo, the common greeting: Simul atque
h a ve mihi diJ:it, statim, quid de te audisset, exposuit. Cic.
Salve, huill aod salvere te jubeo, tha greeting in tha
moming, to those who arrive, those who soeeze, and to tha
gods: O MysiB, salve. M. Salvus Bis, Grito. Ter.
Val e, be healthy, wl'lll, of bodily feeling well, used on going
away, hut bere salve and ave were likewise used, and the
latter returned with val e: Liberti servique mane s a 1 ver e,
vesperi Valere domino singuli dicebant. Suet. Vale, mi
Tiro, vale et salve! Cic. Have, Have et vale, Sal-
ti e 1 also the !ast farewell to the dead.
130. AVERTERE, AVERRUNCARE. Avertere, to avert
threatening dangers, usedof wishes, expression of desire ;
Averruncare, XIX, in aneient forros of prayers, to avert,
alsoofreal evils: Quod dii omen avertantl Cic., Mars
pater, te precor, ut tu morbos calamitatesque prohibess8, de-
fendas, averruncesque. Cato. Placuit, averruncandtB
Deum ir(Z victimas c(Zdi. Liv.
131. AUFERRE, TOLLERE, AVERTERE, ADIMERE, DI-
SUBRIPERE. Auferre, to carry off, away, to the loss ofthe
possessor; Tollere (Iirt), to take up, away, 'used of re-
moving entirely, e. g. frumentum de area; hominem de - e
medio: Signum Apollinis VerreB, si portare potuisBet, non
duhitasset auferre. Cc. Lud des Xv. auferent. Id.
A ver ter e, to embezzle, to take secretIy and with bad inten-
tion, e. g. pecumam publicam; aIso intervertere, intercipere.
Adimere, to take, deprive; e.g. alicui compedes: Pecuniam
Mi cuipiam fortuna ademit, aut Bi alicujus eripuit injuria.
Cie. Ofviolent taking away: Diripere, to JOb and plun-
der, if it is done in wild disorder, e. g. provincias, bona locu-
pletum; Subripere to carry off violently hut covertly:
captivum e custodia. Cie. Virtus nec eripi, nec surripi
poteat. Id.
132. AUGESCERE; CIlESCERE, AnOLESCERE. Augescere,
~ inerease from time to time and externalIy: Uva et BUCCO
terrtB et calore solis augescens. Cie. GreBcere, to grow,
o a ,continuoUB augmentation from within: G r e s ci t, occulto
"elut arOOr (ZVo, fama Marcelli. Hor. AdoleBcere, to
FW up, to beeome more perfect after obtaining a certain
merease: In Batis .fructilJusque arborum nihil ad jU8tam
raDgnitudinem adolescere potest, quod loco, in quem cres-
c: el t, caret. Quinctil.
133. AVIS, ALEs, VOLtrCBlS, ALlTES, P ~ P E T E S Os-
8-
90 184. Augur.
CINES. .A vis, bird, aceording lo its nature; .A les, Dasmaeb
II.S it has wings and uses them, of la.ge birds, and poetica1;
Vo lueris, every ereature capable of fiying: CaA0rtJ8 aZ6IJ.
Hor., tbe swan. Ales equus. Ovid., winged, i. e. Pega&UII.
Vol u e r e s videmus fingere et eonstruere nid08. Ce. D6UfR
"olucrem. Ovid., i. e. Cupido. In the terminology of the
augurs, alites are tbose birds whose fiight and beating o
tbe wings are observed: P r a pe t e s, tbose who, indcating
good luek, fly high before tbe observer; I1tfera, those who
do the eontrary, and hring bad luek; Oseilles, birds whose
voiee and singing serve for prophesying.
134. AUGUR, AusPEx, HARusPEx, EXTISPEX, HARJOJl1S:
~
AUGURIUM, AUSPICIUIII, DIVINATIO, PRlESAGIUM, M:EN. Au-
gur (oeulus, German Auge, XIX, 3., VIII, l., a.), a public
soothsayer, who explained the will of tbe gods, and unveiled
future events. from the flight and song of birds, dreams, and
phenomena . of the heavens and on the eartb. Too augurs
formed a collegium, and granted the offiee fOl life; t super-
inlended tbe whole system of soothsaying, and upon it de-
pended the most important state tmnsaetions: Romulus om-
nibus publieis rebus instituendis, qui sibi essent in auspiciv,
el! singulis tribubus singulos eoopta'IJit au gur e s. Ce. A u-
spex, observer of birds, who, before the beginning of ao
undertaking, observed tbe flight, song, and eating of eertain
birds,. to diseover whether the gods approved of it; hence
also, tbe autbor of a eertain deed or und'ertaking: Ego, pro-
vidus auspex, oscinem eorvum preee suscitabo. Hor. La,.
tores et auspices legis. Cie. Harspex, observer or
saerifiees, sootbsayer, who, from tbe liver of the vietim, pre-
dicted; more especially Extispex, observerofthe entrails:
Ea, qua signijicari dicuntur extis, cognita aunt haruspici-
bus observatione diuturna. Cie. H ario lus, a travelling
soothsayer. - Augurium, the solemn observation of the
predieting birds by tbe augur, and the interpretation of the
will of the gods or prediction of future events, founded upon
this observation, or upon other phenomena eonsidered impor--
tant (signa, portenta, ostenta): In arce augurium augure.
acluri erant. Cie. Divitiacus partim auguriis, parti.
conjeetura, qua essent futura, dieebat. Id. A uspicium,
observation of birds, plur. Auspicia, the significant inili-
eations whieh birds, lots, &C. give, and from whch the will
of the gods and their approval of an undertaking was learned ;
also the right to make this observation, and the highest
135. Avius. 137. Austeru.r. '
91
power connected therewith: Consul pullarium in "I"pici-
am mittit. Liv. Quantum ex augurio auspicii intelligo.
Plaut. GraccAi consulis imperio a u s pi ci o que exercitus
populi Rom. Sardiniam subegit. Liv. Dii augurii,
"I"picii'que mihi omnia lreta ac prospera portendunt. Id.
The "ugurium has its fixed reasons not so the divina-
to, the ndefinite presentiment, or gift of prediction (divini-
tal): Divinatio. est earum rerum, qure fortuitre putantur,
prredictio atque prClJSensio.. Cic. Prresagium, presage, as
effect of a finer, acuter feeling, prophetic sight, e. g. tempes-
tatis futurre. Colurn. Omen (for opimen, from opinari),
every thing which by chance has been heard or seen, and
which is considered as indicating something future, good or.
bad: CClJSar pro.l.lpsua in egressu navis, verso ad melius o m-
iRe: TeneD te, inquit, Africa. Suet. ,
135. A DE - INVIUS, INACCESSUS. A v ius, off frorn
the road, remote Dev ius, situated off from the road,
whither no road leads Invius, where it is difficult to pro-
ceed; Inaccessus, inaccessible: Jugurtha Metellum sequo
tur nocturnis el aviis i,ineribus ignoratus.Sall. Aquinates
in via habitabant; Anagnini quum essent d e vii, descende-
rum, ut consulem salutarent. Cic. Invia virluti nulla elt
via. Ovid. Mo.ntes inaccessi amne interjluente. PUn,.
136. AURA, VENTUS, SPIR1TUS, FLATUS, FLAI\IEN, FLA-
BRUM. Aura, the air which is gently moved; Ven tus, the
air current, wind: Spiritus, 79, the wafting, draught of
air: &m.per aer spiritu aliquo mo.vetur; frequentius tamen
auras, quam vento.s habet. Cic. Flatu8, the blowing,
also of favorable winds: Flatu figuratur ",itrum. Plin.
Prospero. flatu fortunre uti. Cic. Flamen, violent blow-
ing; Flabrum, gentIe fanning, blowing, also of puffs of
winds, poeticalIy: Fugant inductas flamina nubes. Ovid.
Cacumina silva lenibus alludit f1 a bris levis Auster. Val.
Place. Bo.rere fl a b r a. Propert.
137. AUSTERUS, TETRICUS, TRISTIS, SEVERUS, SERIUS,
RIGIDUS. Graveness, simply considered as external appear-
ance: Austerus, 17, grave, like the Stoic, who disdaDs an
serenity in his conduct Tetricus (teter, 122, V, 1.), som-
bre, of excessive gravity, whch disposes even to melnncholy;
Tristis, of sorry appearance, dark, if it is rather forbidding
and causes fear: Agit mecum austere et Sto.ice Cato.. Cic.
Disciplina tetrica ac tristis veterum Sabinorum. Liv.
Juez tristi, et integer. Cic. - Grave, as belongiog to
92
138. Aut. 139. Auxiliari.
character: Severus, stero, ha who is not toward
bimself and others; Sedus, serious, that which lS according
to the disposition of the serious person, in contradistinction to
the gay or jocose; Rigidus, stiff with cold, inflexible, who
cannot be induced to yield: Non potest is severus esse in
judicando, qui alios in se s e ver o s esse judices non vult.
Cic. Si quid per jocum diri, nolito in serium convp-tere.
Plaut. Porcius Cato fuit invicti a cupiditatibus animi et
rigida innocentia. Liv. Rigidus censor. Ovid. .
138. AUT, VEL, VE, SIVE, SEU, NEVE, - NEU. If two
ideas in a disjunctive relation are so opposed to one another,
that only one of the two can take place, it is expressed by
A ut, or, if they differ essentially, but by Ve l, or, even, if they
differ only in certain things; by Ve, or, if they are consid-
ered convertible, and one may take place as well as the
other. If they stand in a perfectly equal disjunctive
we use A u t - a u t, either - or, if the taking place of the one
excludes entirely that of the other; Ve l-v e 1, partIy-
partly, if it excludes only in the given case; Ve - v e, poet-
lC8.1, if the choice between the two remains free. Sive and
Seu, or, be it, it may be-or, express this alternative con-
ditionall y; N e v e and N e u, or not, and not, neither - Dor,
express it negatively: Audendum cst aliquid universis, aut
omnia singulis patienda. Liv. Epicurus, homo minime malus
11 e 1 potius vir optimus. Cic. Ex ingenio SUD quisque demat
ve 1 addat fidem. Tac. Hac sunt omnia ingenii ve 1 medi-
OeNs. Cic. Consules alter ambo v e rationem agri 1w.beant.
Cic., the one or the other, or also both together. Hoc te ro-
go, uf resistas sive etiam occurras negotiis. Id. Aseanius
Laviniu. urbem matri seu noverca reliquit. ,Liv. Casar
milites cohortatus est, uti sua pristina virtutis memoriam re-
tinerent, n e u perturbarentur animo. Creso - A u t vivam,
a.t moriar. Ter. Pauci nobiles vel corrumpere mores.civ-
itatis, v el corrigere possunt. Cic. Ubi po test seneetus a u t
calescere v el apricatione me1ius v e 1 igni, a u t vicissim um-
bris aquis v e refrigerari salubrius '1 Id. Si quis in adver-
sum rapiat casusve deusve, te superesse velim. Virgo Veniet
tem,Pus mortjs, sive retractabis, sive properabis. Cic. Car-
thaginiensibus conditio pacis dicta, bellum neve in Africa,
tleve extra Afrieam, injussu populi Romani gererent. Liv.
139. AUXILlARI, ADJUVARE, OPITULARI, SUBVENIRE, Suc-
Cl1RRERE, SUBLEVARE; AUXILIUM, DJUMENTUM, Ops, SUP-
l'ETIE, PBt/ESIDIl1M, SUBSIDIl1l1L Au:;ilium (augere, 76.),
139. Aurilitrri. 93
assistance,jn reCerence to him to whom it is given, and inas-
lDucb as bis power is thereby increased, augmented; plural,
A uzilia, auxiliary troops; A uxilium ferre, to bring
assistance, whicb is yet to be performed; Auziliari, 10
help, oC active and actual assistance: Dii po pulo contra tan-
tam vim sceleris prasentes auxilium ferent. Cic. Nihil
Numantinis vires corporis auxiliata sunt. Ad Herenn.
Adjuvare (ad-juvare, make young [juvenis, 30], strength-
en, help), to he of use in the Curtherance of sorne ohject, to
support, to assist: Ad navem acluariam mullum humilitatl
adjuvat. Creso Adjumentum, the means of assistance
for a certain purpose, e. g. rei gerenda: A philosophia om-
na adjumenta et auxilia pelamus bene beateque viven-
di. Cic. (Ops, goddess of the earth and riches, as symbol
oC power; oC this Gen.; Acc., Ah\.) Opis, opem, ope, the
Caculty, power, whieh one is in possession of, and through
which we can effeet something, and may assist others; the
assistanee of him who gives it: Sidicini aut ipsi moverant
hellum, aut moventibUs auxilium tulerant. ltaque Pa-
tres omni ope adnisi sunt, ut Valerium Corvum consulem
facerent. Liv., with al1 their influenee, whieh they po.'.sessed
by tbeir power, authority, and riehes. Quum vallis aut locus
declivis suberat, ii, qui antecesserant, morantibus o p e m
ferre non poterant. Cres., hring assistanee; Opitulari
(XIX, 5., a.), to lend assistance with one's means, to help:
Ad gubernaculum c ~ e s s i t et navi, quoad potuit, est opitu-
latus. Cie. Subvenire, to come to assistanee to him who
is in want of it; Suc currere, to run to assist, reseue from
imminent danger, e. g. urbi incensa. Virgo Sublevare, to
help one up again, to give him a lift, to assist, e. g. aliquem
facullatibus suis. Cie. Suppetia, the existing assistance,
standing in readiness from without: Qui auditis clamorem
meum, ferle suppetias. PIaut. Prasidium, protecting
assistanee, seuring the obtaining of an ohjeet: Subsi-
dium, reserve, assistanee for a case of l!oEled: PompeiU8
Siciliam, Africam, Sardiniam, hac tria frumentaria sub-
a i d i a, re publica firmissimis p r a s i d ii s classibusqtUJ
munivit. Cie.
140. Bacul1ll1&. 143. BardUB.
B.
140. BACULUM, SCIPIO, SCEPTRUM, FERULA. Bactlum,
at a later period BacuZus, a stiek, staff, e. g. of him who
beats (batuere), of a wanderer; Scipio and Sceptru'lI,
a shorter stiek, for support: Cornelius qui patrem luminibus
carentem pro baculo regebat, Scipio cognominatus esto
Maerob. S e i pi o eburneus was in Rome the mark of honor
of the highest magistraey, the Sceptrum that of triumphers
and kings: Sceptrum Dictad regis. Virgo Ferula, the
shrllb jeruZa, whieh was used for staves for old peo-
pIe, and for rods in sehools: Ferulreque tristes, ,ceptra
predagogorum. Hor.
141. BALNEUM, THERME, LAVATIO, LAVACRUM. Bali
neum, Balneum, the bath as the place, and water in a
private house; Balnere at a Iaterperiod, and poetieallY2
Balnea, a publie bathing establishment with several baths;
Labrum in balneo ut sit, cura. Cie. Fatigatis balneufll
jervens idoneum non est. Cels. Occiditur ad balnea,
Palatinas Roscius. Cie. Thermre, public warm baths, near
warm wells, as in Baire, and artificial warm baths, e. g. Ne
ronianre, in Rome. L a va t i o, the bathillg, and the bath as
vesseI, the bathillgtub, water, and place; L av ii crum, the
bathing.room: &ponit lavationem argenteam. Phredr.
Faciam, ut 1 a v a t i o parata sit. Cie. L a v a e r a pro se.xi
bus separavit. Spartian.
142. BARBARISMUS, STRIBJ.IGO, SOLCECISMUS. Barba
rismus, a mistake io a single word, with referenee to pro-
nuneiation or grammar; Stribligo, and at later periods
Solrecismus, a fault io the grammatieal eonstruction.
143. BARDUS, HEBES, STUPIDUS, ABSURDUS, INEPTUS,
INsuLsus, STULTUS, F ATUUS, INSIPIENS, STOLIDUS, BRUTUS.
With referenee to mind and judgment, he is Bardus who is
of"slow mind, slow in uoderstaoding a thing; Hebes, dull,
who wants the gift of sharp discriminatioo; Stupidus, stu
pid, who, possessed by impressions of the senses, is ineapable
of mental exertion, and feeIs no interest in it: Populus studio
'tupidus in funambulo animum occuparat. Ter. .A bsur .
dua, 7, oll1msy, oIQwnish. who has no skill, who has no
praetieaI judgment, wantlng io oommon sense; Ineptull,
foolish, whQ behaves childishly, rnakel! a fool of hirnself
1
Q
144. Beatw. 145., Bellum. 96
contradistinction to tbe judicious, sedate person: Ri8u inep.
to res ineptior nulla est. CatulJ. InllulsulI, absurd, be
wbo, by unsuccessful witticisms, makes a disagreeable iril.
pression upon persons of fine feeling, he who has no taste, a
rather bad taste: Qui ridiculi et salsi artem conati,sunt tra
dere, sic insttlsi e:cstiterunt, ut nihil aliud eorum, niB ipsa
insulsitas rideatur. Cic. Stultus, ill.advised, foolisb,
wbo in single eases acts eontrary to wisdom and prudence,
be it from error or from being blinded: Exploranda est veri-
tas multum, prius quam stulta prave judicetsententia.
Pbmdr. Fatuus (fatiscere, to stand idling about), simple,
who, from weakness of understanding, remains witbout
tbougbt in eases whicb ought to stir bis activity, and alJows
himself patientIy to be fooled by others, or to be made their
laughing.stock: Pollio triplicem usuram prastare paratw
circuit et fatuos non invenit. Juvenal. Insipiens, un-
wise, aeting eontrary to wisdom from want of intelligence;
StoZ-idus, fool, from coneeit or thoughtlessness, who, in his
opinion of his superiority aboye olhers, neglects all prudence
and caution, sometimes from exeessive self.eonfidence, sorne
times from stupidity, as the elown or fop: Stolidam fidu.
ciam hosti augere. Liv. Legati velut ad ludibrium stolida
superbia in senatum vocati. Id. Brtus (belongs to bar
dus, prop. c1umsy, unwieldy), without reason, without sense
or feeling for any thing, ineapable of understanding any
tbing, perfeet blockhead: L. Junius ex industria factus ad
imitationem stulttia Bruti haud abnuit cognomen. Liv.
144. BEATUS, FELIX. Beatus, happy, who is not want
ing in any physieal or moral thing for his existenee: Verbo
beati subjecta notio est, secrets malill oTlinibus cumulata bo.
1IOrum comple:cio. Cie. Felix, lueky, he who is always
8uccessful, who is always fortuna te: Casar Alexandria se
recepit,felix, ut sibi quidem ."idebatur. Cie. .
145. BELLUM, TuMULTUS. Be llum, war, in general;
Tumultus, tumult, a war suddenly broken out, which by
its suddenness, and by surprise, causes dismay; disorder, tu
mult, a sudden rebellion; see C. Phi!. 8, 1. lEqui tantum
Roma terrorem fecere, qua ."ix credibile e1'at, ,Iolos per lIe
ad bellum coorloS, ut tumultus ejus eausa dictator dice-
retur. Liv. - B ellum facere, to begin war; agere, to carry
it on; gerere, tolead it, to carry it on witb judgment; dUo
cere, to protract it; profligare, to suppress it, to bring near
an end ; patrare, to bring it entirely to an end; conficere, to
96 146. Benignus. 149. BOJIUI.
malte an end by annihilation of the hostile forces; C01IIpOIN-
re, to make an end by treaty, mutual arrangement.
146. BENIGNUS, BENEFICUS, LIBERALIS, MUNIFICUS, LAB-
GUS, PRODIGUS, PROFUSUS. Be n i gnu 11 (benus for oonu.
XI, l.), benign, kindly from goodness of heart and inclina-
tion; BeneJicus (doing good), benefieent, doing good to
others: Beneficus est, qui alterius causa bexigne faciL
Ce. Li beralis, liberal in giving from noble disposition,
where eircumstanees, honor, and deeorum demand it; M ..
nificus, generous in giving, who makes presents frequently
and largely, from eharity, generosity, or a disposition of show
of munifieence; Largus, who spends largely; PradigulI,
liberal in a prodigal way: Duo sunt genera lar garua,
quoram alteri sunt prodigi, alteri liberales: prodigi,
qui pecunias profundunt in eas res, quarum memoriam nullam
s n ~ relicturi. Cie. The prodigulI throws away sorne good
as worthless; the Profusus, the spendthrift, who ineura ex-
penses beyond his means, manages it badly, earelessly, though
he eonsiders it not without value: Profusis sumtilnu "-
vere. Cie.
147. BESTIA, FERA, BELLUA. Bestia, an animal with-
out reason, in eontradistinetion to man: B e s tia, lwmimaJa
gratia generatas esse videmus. Cie. Fe r a, a wild animal
living on land, in eontradistinetion to the domestie (cicwr):
Excitare et agitare feras. Cie. Bellua, aneient Belua,
a monster, a large and fearful land or sea animal, e. g. a
lion, elephant, wild boar, sea-monster: Be 1 u a vasta el im-
manis. Cie.
148. BIBERE, POTARE; COMBIBO, POTOR, POTATOR. Bi-
here, to drink, to draw in a liquid; Potare, to empty a
liquid, and fill one's self with it, to drink in fuIl draught, the
German saufen: Sat prata hiberunt. Virgo DDmUII l#'oJ
plena ebriorum: totos dies potabatur. Cie. - ComhUo,
drink.eompanion; Potar, a drinker, one who empties the
vessel of potation: Aq1U2 potare,. Hor. Patatar, fud-
dler, drunkard.
149. BONUS, PROBUS; BONUM, COMMODUM; BONA, FOR-
TUNE, RES, FAeULTATES, OPES, DIVITIE, COPIE. Bonus,
good, perfeet as to its destination, answering it, and good in
itself, opp. malus; e. g. poeta, causa, memoria; Pro b u s,
proaf, that whieh has been found, is acknowledged as good
by test, e. g. argentum, navigium. Oratione efficitur, ut
prohi, ut bene morati,'" ha ni .,iN eue l1ideantur. Ce
.. oc
150. Bos. 152. Brevi. 97
tried, honest.-Bonum, samething whieh is good, a good,
e ~ forrrta, literarum; Commodum, an advantage, that
wbleb benefits a person in order to obtain a good, e. g. paca,
oprun, potentia: C o m m o d u m est, quod plus U8U8 habet
quam molestia: b o n u m sincerum esse debet et ab omni parte
i7ll103:um. Senee. - B o n a, goods, a fortune as good in it-
sele: Liberia prosmptorum b o n a patria reddere. Cie.
Fortuna, goods, blessngs whieh we owe to fortune, sueh
as honor, honorable offiees, property j Res (temporal), prop-
erty as possession, things eolleetively whieh we possess:
Rem augere; Rem familiarem dissipari nolum!lS; im-
petum pradonum in tuas f o r t u n a s fieri nolo. Cie. Prop-
erty as belonging to the family, family property. Facul-
t a t e s, fortune of a private eitizen, inasmueh as he can effeet
something by it, property in respeet to its influenee: Caven-
dvm est, ne benignitas major sit, quam facultates. Cie.
Ope., 139, riehes, power, and force, as a means of obtain
ing an end: Magnas inter opes inops. Hor. DivitilZ,
riches, goods of tbis world in abundanee: Supero Crassum
di"itii,. Cie. Copia, stores, eertain goods or things
which for future use are in greater abundanee than neeessary;
lJomesticis copiis re frumentara mi. Creso
150. Bos, JUVENCUS, TAURUS; VACCA, JUVENCA, FORDA..
B (1 s, a male or female of eattle, ox, bull, or eow: B o-
um cervices nata! ad jugum. Ce. Juvencu., a young
steer; Taurus, the bu\I: Rudes operum juvenci. Ovid.
- Va c c a, eow, inasmueh as she is a breeding animal and
fumishes milk: Uhera va c c a lactea demittunt. Virgo J ti-
venca, a young eow; Forda, a eow with calf: Ford a
ferens b o s est, fecundaque. Ovid.
151. BRACTEA, LAMINA. Bractea, a thin metallie plate
for the purposa of plating, also a veneer, wood for veneering;
Lamina, Lamna, is thieker, iron &e. sheet, tin: Tenuia
bractea ligna tegit. Ovid. Tigna laminis claviaque re-
ligant. Creso
152. BREVI, PROPEDIEM; BREVITER, STRICTIM. Bre"i,
se. tempare, oratione, briefly, in a short time, in a few words:
Quum tu tam multa verbis ad me smpsiases, faciendum mihi
putavi, m tua liters brevi responderem. Cie. Prope.
diem, soon, very saon: Propediem te videbo. Id. Br-".
viter, briefly, not dffusive: Rem summatim breviterfU'
de8erpsimus. Cic. Strictim, short, only super6.eially:
9
98 163. Broma. 156. Cadere.
Ea, qtUII copiosiBsime dci possunt, breviter a me dric-
timque dictmtur. Ce., only touching the chieC pointe, beads.
153. BRUMA, SOLSTITIUM, HIEMS. Bruma, plOperly
the rainy season, the shortest day, the beginning oC winter;
Hiems, the storrny, cold, rainy season, winter in ltaly, be.
tween the Ides of November and February; SolstitiufII,
the summer 801stice, beginning oC summer: SoliB 4CCU8U8
disces8U8que solstitiis brumisque cognosC' potest. Cie.
Only in later periods solstitium astivum and hiemale 01'
'hibernum. Et glacialis h i e m s aquilonilmB asperat un
das. Virgo
154. BuccA, GENA, ~ L A MAXILLA. Bucea, cheek,
flOm the cheekbone to the lower jaw: Buccas injlore.
Hol'. Gen a, tbe elevated part or surface under. the eyelids,
whieh covers the cheekbone: Confusa pudore sensi me totis
erubuisse genis. Ovid. Maxilla, the upper and Iower
iaws, in which the teeth are placed; dentes mazillar6l,
back teeth: Timarchus duos dentium ordnes habuit mallfil-
larum. Plin. Mala, the lower jaw extemally: Ju"efl-
tus molli vestt lanugine maZas. Lucret. Originally tbe
same with maxilla.
c.
155. CADAVER, CORPUS, FUNUS. Cadver, the corpse,
as fallen body; Corpus, as mass; Funus, as the corpse
destined to be bumed: Catilina longe a mis inter holtl&fll
cadavera repertus esto Sall. &peliendi causa conferri in
unum corpora suorum jus8t. Liv. Urbs assiduis e:ehausta
uneribus: multtB et clartB lugubres domus. Id.
156. CADERE, CON - OcClDERE, RUERE, CORRUERE, PRO-
CUMBERE, LABI, FERRI. Cad ere, to Call, to CaH heavily
with the whole body on the ground; Con ci d er e, to col-
lapse, to fall to the ground, breaking down, sinking to the
ground; Oc ci d e r e; to perish: Omnes adversis "ulnerilnu
conciderant. Sallo Sub onere concidere. Liv. Sol
occidit. Omnia honoris insignia occiderunt. Cie.
Ruere, to fall precipitately, to fall in, of houses, mountains:
Crems terrtB motilm.s ruunt tecta. Liv. Corruere, to
break in with rattling noise: TaberntB mihi dtUII corrue-
runt. Ce. Procumbere, 15, fall Corward, slower, and 80
157. CaCUl. 158. Cadere. 99
as to be in a Iying position afier the fall: Proeumbit humi
bos. Virgo Repentina ruina pars turris e o n cid i t, pars
reliqua co1l8eque1l8 pro e u m b e b a t. Creso L i b i, to glide
on a smoQth surface, to sIide on a slippery surface before the
fall takes place: Sunt in lubrico, incitataque semel proelivi
labuntur. Cib. Lapsa eadunt folia. Virgo Ferri,
being vioIentIy driven down by the force of grnvity: Ne
ferar in praeeps. Ovid. .
157. ClECUS, Luscus, COCLES, STRABO,P lETUS; CECU
TIRE. CALIGARE. Caeus, blind, pass. invisible: Caco
carpitur igni. Virgo Luseus, with one eye by mishap:
Du:c luseus. Juvenal, i. e. Hannibal. Cocles. oneeyed
by nature, e. g. Cyclops. Strabo, squinting Patus, who
has no fixed Iook, and looks somewhat to the side; of the
roguish Iook ofVenus: Strabonem appellat Patum pa
ter. Hor. - Caeutire, not to see well, to behalf blind, by
nature; Caligare,not to see well, indistinctly, from exter.
teinal causes: Utrum ocUlimihi caeutiunt, an ego flidi
servas in armis contra dominos '1 Varr. Ex somno ocuZi
ca ligant. Cels ..
158. CEDERE, SECARE, SCINDERE. FINDERE, RECIDERE.
RESCINDERE; CEDES, CLADES, STRAGES, OCCIDIO, INTER'
NECIO. Cadere, to give a blow with an axe, rod: Lapides
cadere virgis eadi. Cie. Secare, to cut with sharp
instruments, e. g. marmora: Ne glacies s e e e t aspera plan.
taso Virgo Scindere, to split, tear, thereby to destroy,
e. g. vestem, epistolam: Cuneis s ci n d e b a n t fissile lignum.
Virgo Findere, to split, by penetrating into the inner parts
whieh sever naturaIly, to cIeave: Fissus erat tenui rima
paries. Ovid. Recidere, to cut off with a blow unneces
sary or obnoxious parts, e. g. t'epres, immedieabile vulnus.
Rescindere, to tear off, injuriously, destroyingly: Pontem
jubet r e s ci n d i. Creso - Cad e s, the cutting to pieces, the
act of killing: Cad e s, in qua Clodius occisus esto Cic.
Equiles magnam cadem ediderunt. Liv., carnage. Cla.
des, the defeat, as the great loss we sustan, e. g. de:ctra
manus: Claudii risus, classe devicta, magnam cladem ato
tulit. Ce. Strages, the defeat, as the mass of bodies by
and upon one another: Strage hominum armorumque eampi
repleti. Liv. O e ci dio, the cutting down of an army: Duo
e:cereitus pro pe oecidione oecisi aunt. Liv. Interne
cio, tbe deadIy defeat, entire destruction: Neque resisti mor
bo sine posse arbitram"r. Cic.
478761
100 159. ClElare. 163. CalceuB.
159. CELARE, SCAI,PERE, SCULPERE; CELUM, SCALPBUM;
TORNUS. ClElare, to polish or smooth with the calum a
statue or relievo after the casting, and togive it finish, make it
perfect; .also used of relievi in wood, ivory, clay, &c., hence
gemmfB e fB 1 a t fB, cameos, precious stoiles with figures of the
same mass protrudiilg from the surface: Iianc speciem Pra;:-
iteles cfBlavit argento. Cic. Scuta auro cfBlaverunt.
Liv., to ornament with figures of gold. Scalpere, to carve,
especially illto the substunce, engl"dve: Sardonyehes scalp-
tez ceram non auferunt. Plin., gams. Seulpere-, to earve,
to work out statues: Non e ~ t e Sa:I10 sculptus sapiC'll8. Cie.
- CfBlum, the hollow chisel; Sealprum, the graver, and
the chisel; Tornus, a turning tool, is used likewise ror
CfBlum and &alprum. Virgo EcI. 3, 37. .
160. C.iERIMONIA, RITUS. Cezri71lonia, the prescribed
proeedure in the execution of a saered and solemn eustoID,
by which something referring to a deity is symbolically rep-
resented; R i tus, the prescribed or accustomed manner of
aeting, wbieh guides in the performance of sorne business or
affair, usage, e. g. nuptiarum: Sacra Cereris summa religi-
one cfBrimoniaque conjicere. Cie. Iiominem non funditus
interire, e e fB r i 111 o ni i s sepulcrorum intelligitur. Id. Quo
modo rituque sacra jiant, discunto ignari a puhlicis 3aCtI'-
dotibus. Id. Latronum ritu vivere. Id.
161. C.iERULEUS, C.iESIOS, GLAUCUS. CfBruleus, dark
blue, and nearly so or similarly so, e. g. dark violet-eolor:
mare, hyacinthus. CfBsius, light blue, grayish-blue, as the
eyes of eats: CfBsios oculos MinervfB, emruleos csse
Neptuni. Cie. Gl aucus, bluish, greenish-blue: GllluetJ
canenti fronde salicta. Virgo
162. CALCAR, STIJ\IOLUS; STIMULARE, PUNGERB. Cal-
car, the spur, fastened, with the aneients, to the heel of the
root: Coneitat calcarihus equum. Liv. SHmulus, the
artificial sting (see 21), and the stick provided witb the same,
to drive oxen of draught, prong: St i m u lo tardos increpare
hoves. Tibull. Hence Calcar, a means of encouraging,
animating; Stimulus, a discomfortingmeans of excitement,
e. g. dolors. - Stimulare, to excite, discomfort by prick-
ing, enfluringly; Pungere, to sting, to push in t ~ e sting,
and thl\o to cause pain: Te conscientiaJ malejiciorum stimu-
lant; Ignominia pupugit.
163 .. CALCEUS, CALCEAMENTunt, PERO, SOLEA, CREPIDA,
SANDAJ,lUnI, CALIGA, Soccus, COTHURNUS, CREA. a ~
164. Calere. 165. Caligo.
- 101
ceus, the Roman shoe, covering the foot as far as the ankle,
and fastened witb tbongs up to the middle of tbe shin, of
black leatber (aluta); calcei mullei, of purple color and
soft leather, worn by consuls, prators, !ediles, and triumphers
on solemn oecasions; Calceamentum, French chaussure,
separate from vestimentum: Milo calceos et vestimenta
mutavit. Cie. Pe ro, a similar sboe of rough leather, sorne
times witb the hair on tbe leatber. S o 1 e a, tbe sole, fastened
with thongs; Crepida, tbe same, if fitting for both feel;
Sandalium, the same, riebly ornamented, for ladies; Ca
H g a, the same, with nails and fastened up to the calf, of the
eommon 8Oldiers; Soceus, tbe low,ligbt slipper of the wo
men and actors in tbe comedy; Cothurnus, that of tbe
tragedians, witb soles four fingers tbick; Ocrea, tbe sbiQ.
plate of iron or brasa, of tbe soldiers.
164. CALERE, TEPERE; CALOR, TEPOR, FERVOR, ATUS,
ARDOR. C a le r e, to be warm: Sentimus cal e r e ignem.
Cie. Tep!re, to be tepid: Tepentes aurtB Zephyri.
Virg. - The warmtb perceived from without is Tepor, a
mild warmth; Calor is warmer; Fervor is heat, as tbat
of boiling water: Medii fe r v o res. Virg., beat of noon .
.Estus is the intemal heat wbieh makes a body boil or show
symptoms of a higb degree, of heat: Rigor aun solvitur
tBstu. Lueret. Ardor, 97, the burning heat of a burning
'or glowing body, e. g. solis: Mea domus ardore suo de
flagrationem urbi minabatur. Cie.
165. CAJ.IGO, OBSCURITAS, TENEBRlE, Nox; UMBROSUS,
OPAcus. Cligo, darkness, obscurity, which prevents the
observer from properly seeing; Obscuritas, darkness, as
quality of things, whieh protects against the observer; Ten
ebrtB, twilight, caused by the vanishing of light, obscurity as
sueh; N OiC, night, as eontradistinguished from day: Deus
indutJta calgine terras oeeuluit. Ovid. Obseuritas la-
tebrarum. Tae. TenebrtB eruptione lEtntBorum ignium
finitimas regiones obseuraverunt. Cic., hence of dizzi-
ness, giddiness. Milites e sealis, quum altitudo mtBnium ca-
liginem oculis offudisset, ad terram delati aunt. Liv. Te
nebrtB oboriuntur; genua suecidunt. Plaut.- Umbrosus,
sbady, deaignates the extent of shade; Opa e u s, shady, that
whieb gives dark sbade; Arbor umbrosa, tbat wbieh tbrowa
abaele on a Iarge place, even if not quite perfeet; opa e a,
tbat wbieb does not allow the sunbeams to penetrate; both,
also, in a paaaive sansa, wbere, or under whieb there is

102 166. Calidus. 167. Call'.
ahade: Colle sub umbroso. Ovid. Cubicula o1JdlJ(!tis vel
opaca, nec lamen obscura facio: Plin., dark, but not to-
tally so; (the same difference which there is in German
between dunkel and finster; it is not precisely tbe same with
regard to dark and obscure.)
166. CALLIDUS, ASTUTUS, VERSUTUS, VAFER, VETEJlA-
TOR, CAPTlOSUS, SUBDOLUS; ASTUS, ASTUTIA, DOLUS, FRAUS,
F ALLACIA. He who possesses skill and ingenuity to obtain
by asure means a certain object, which anotber atrives
to prevent, and, unperceived by the latter, to obtain an advan-
tage or to escape a danger, is Callidus, cunning, shrewd,
e. g. Hannibal: Callidos eos appello, quorum, tamquam
manus opere, sic animus usu concalluit. Cic. More in a de-
preciating sense: Asttus, cunning, with innate sharpsight-
edness, vulpes: Pro bene sano ac non incauto fictum a s t u-
tumque vocamus. Hor. -Verstus, he who, in pursuing his
plan quickly, without showing it, changes his measures ae-
cording to circumstances, dexterous, e. g. Lysander: Ver-
suti, quorum celeriter mena versatur. Cic.- Vafer, he who
cunningly discovers the tricks of others, and plays them still
better ones, cunning with inventive power: Captes astutus
testamenta senum, neu, si vafer unus et alter insidiatorem
praroso fugerit hamo, spem deponas. Hor. Veterator, a
cheat, one who is in tricks, eheatif!g, and
rogueries: In causis privatis satis v et er a t o r. Ce. Fin-
gamus omnia ca 11 i d e referentem ad utilitatem, acutum,
versutum, veteratorem, facile ut e:ccogitet, quo occulte
sine ullo conscio fallat. Id. Cap t i o s U s, captious, design-
ing to lead others so that he gets the advantage over them:
Fallacibus et captiosis interrogationibus decepti. Cie.
Subdolus, who covers his tricks: Rete subdolum. Mar-
tia!. - Astus, the eunning, a cunning device; Astutia.
cunning, as natural qualityand skill; Do lus, triek, with bad
intention: Do lo pugnare, non armis. Nep. Do lus malus
est, quum est aliud simulatum, aliud actum. Cie. Fra'lIl,
the cheat, fraud, if the expectation of honesty has not been
fulfilJed: Fraus fidem in parvis sibi prastruit, ut, qt.IIM
opera pretium sit, cum mercede magna fallat. Liv. Falla-
cia, deception, also intrigue: Composita est fallacia, ut
auro me privent. Plaut. In Dolus and Frau, is immor-
ality; in Astus, Astutia, Calliditas, is intelligence.
mental dexterity, the chief modifying idea.
167. CALO, LIXA. Calo, properly a club,-ooe wbo
168. Calumniari. 170. Canere.
108
carries the mace as servant of an officer, one who attends 10
the baggage of an army: Calonum atque impedil1l6nlorum
non magnus numerus desideratus. Creso Lixa, a sutler,
who on his own accord followed the army with edibles; from
elixum, cooked meat: Metellus 1 i x a s e caslris summovit,
cibumque coctum venalem proponi vetuit. Val. Max.
168. CALUMNIARI, OBTRECTARE, CONVICIARI. Calum-
niari, properly, to misrepresent the words of a person; to
accuse falsely and maliciously, to practise chicane: DeJen-
soris locus est, quum accusatorem calumniari criminatur.
Ad Herenn. Obtrectare, maliciously detract, to speak
disparagingly of good actions or qualities of others: ali-
cujus laudes. Liv. Conviciad, to reproach, to use in-
veetives, to call names: Eum conviciatus est, qui tan,
sera venisset ad constitutum (tempus). Varr. Maledictum
est, si falso objicitur, maledici conviciatoris. Cic., the
eaIumniator who slanders the good name of another.
169. CAMINUS, FORNAX, FURNUS. Caminus (xllu'or;)
and Fornax, fumace with vaulted cover, in which there is
an aperture: Ne frigeas in lIibernis, camino luculento
utendum censeo. Cic. Recoquunt f o r na c i b u s enses. Virgo
Furnus, the oven to bake: In furno calido torreto me
pro pane rubido. PIaut.
170. CANERE, CANTARE, MODULARI; CANOR, CANTUS,
CANTICUM, CANTILENA, CANTAMEN, CANTIO, CARMEN, Po- .
EMA. Canere, to sing, to produce harmonious sounds
with the voice or on an instrument, and to make that whieh
can be sung, i. e. verses; also to prophesy; Cantare,
to sing audibly and with art; Modulad, to sing according
totact, to give rhythmical motion to the song: Canere voa,
fidibus, tibiis. Cic. Cicero ea, qua nunc usu veniunt, ceci-
nit ut vates. Nep. Cantare ad chordarum sonum. Cie.
Virgnes carmen in Junonem canentes, sonum vocis pulsa
pedum mndulantes incesserunt. Liv.-The song is Ca-
nor, ir heard as sueh, e. g. lyra Cantus, accordiIig to its
mode, e.g. remissior Canticum, as text,as a song, poom,
made to be sung: Nosti canticum. Cic. Convivium can-
ticis strrpit. Quinctil. Cantilena, a song which goes by
a weU-known tune, a song sung everywhere, so tllat it be
comes tiresome: Cantilenam eandem canis. Ter. Can-
tamen, a formula of incantation: O utinam magica nossem
cantamina Musa. Prop. Cantio, the song when actualIy
8UIlg, as action, thc singing, e. g. luscinia: Veneficiis te
104 171. Capero 172. Capere.
cantionibus Titinia jactum erClt. Cie. Carmen, the
poem, as that whieh can be sung, also a single verse, i.'e.
line, an epigrammatie verse or verses, II.D oraele, &o.: Rem
carmine signo: lEneas hac de Danais victoribus arma.
Virgo P o e m a, poom, as a poetie eomposition and produc-
" tion of art: Non esse illud carmen (Sibylla) juremis, ip-
.um p o e m a declarat; est enim magia artis ac dUigentia,
quam incitationis et motus. Cie.
171. CAPER, HEDus, HIRCUS. C pe r, a he-goat, entire
or emaseulated: Vir gregis ipse capero Virgo Caper,
qui excastratus esto Varr. Hadus, a young he-goat: Te-
nero Zascivior hado. Ovid. Hircus, a he-goat, with refer-
ence to his strikiog qualities, as knocking, smelling, &o.: Olet
hirc7tm. Hor.,of the unpleasant flavor of perspiration from
under the arm.pit.
172. CAPE RE , SUMERE, RAPERE; ACCIPERE, ASSUMERE,
ARROGARE, ADSCISCERE; DECIPERE. Capere, to take,
grasp, and to ha ve room for something: Cap e hoc jlo.bellum
et ventuZum Me sic acito. Ter. Stipendium capit victor,
quod victis imposuit. Creso Turbam ades vi;; capient.
Ter. Smere, to take up and away from some place of
rest, to take ror sorne purpose: EpistoZam, in pulvino pon-
tam, sumit "ac perZegit. Sall. Sumite materiam vestris,
qui scribitis, aquam viribus. Hor. Arma capere, to take
up arms, to arm one's self; sumere, to take them away
from their place. Exemplum capit de te, he eatehes it from
you, learos it from you; ex aZUs sumere. Ter., to take as a
model, ehoose. Rapere, to take away hastily, tear away:
Distat, sumasne pudenter an rapias. Hor. - Capere, to
take that whieh is given; Accipere, to aecept, in order to
keep, approvingly: Verres contra Zeges pecuniam cepit.
Cie. Pradonum duces, a c c ep t a pecunia, dimisit. Id. Su-
mere, to assume, to be bold eoough to do something not lit
for us, trespassing the limits of propriety, modesty, and right;
Assumere, to claim with right in eertain respeets: Legatus
pralio decertare noluit, ne imperatorias sibi partes sum-
sisse videretur. Creso Quod est oratoris proprium, s-i id
mihi assumo, videor id meo jure quodam modo vindicare.
Creso Arrogare, 108, to arrogate, from pride or eoneeit:
Non vereor, ne mihi aliquid videar arrogasse, si de quas-
tura mea dixero. Cie. Assumere, to reeeive addition;
Adsciscere, by a deeree, nnd as property: Sacra Cereris
assumta de Gracia. Cic. Adsciverunt oppidumpirataj
173. Capillua. 174. Capite cenii. 106
primo commercio, deinde etiam societate. Id. . Rhetoru ..
perles fuerunt prudentitB, quam sibi adsciscerent. Id.-
Capere, to catch, take prisoner, to capture, occupy, to se-
duce; Decipere, to deceive, to allure one into a trap, in
order to take advantage: Callida a8sentatione, er,", e capio
Cie. Decipimur specie recti. Hor. .
173. CAPILLUS, CRINIS, COMA, CESARlES, CINCINNUII,
CIRRUS, VILLUS, PIL'US, SETA. Capillus, the hair of tbe
head: Promusa barba et cap i II i efferaverant speciem aria.
Liv. Crinis, the hair eolleetively, in Freneh chevelure;
plur. Crines, the hairs as thin bodies: Crinem barbamfJV8
submittere. Tac. Capillo pexo, vittisque innexis crini-.
bus. Varr. Coma, the' long hair: intonsa, calamutrata.
Cie., hence also the mane of the horse, foliage: Galeaque
tremunt lwrrore comarum. Stat., meaning the comb on the
helmet; in plural, of several divisions or layers. Casa-
ries, the thick, long, eurly hair of adults: Scipionem ador-
nabat promusa casaries. Liv. Nymp/a casariem ef-
fusa nitidam per candida colla. Virgo Cincinnus, an
artificial lock; Cirrus, a natural lock, of boys: Istos com-
positos, crispos ci n ci n n o s tuos unguentatos expellam. Pla ut.
Ambracia primum capillum pueri1em demtum, item cir-
ros ad Apollinem ponere solent. Cato. Villus, a buneh
of hair, adhering to one another and pending from the head:
Ovium vi II i. Cie. P il fis, a single, thin hair: Mun';'ti sun'
pa1pebra tamquam vallo pilorum. Cie. Ne ullum pilum
viri boni habere dicatur. Cic. Se t a, a single strong hair,
bristle, e. g. equina, leonu: Barba viros, hirtaque decent in
corpare seta. Ovid.
174. CAPITE CENSI, PROLETARIJ, JERARIl. Capite cen-
si, valued by the head, were those Romans who possessed
three hundred and seventy.five asses at the highest, and who,
as poor, were excluded from the five elasses which had a
right to vote and did military service; Proletarii (blessed
with children), citizens possessed of one thousand five hun-
dred asses at the utmost, and who, with their sons, in sudden
and dangerous wars, entered the arrny, where the state sup-
ported them; .Erarii, serfs of the public treasury; when
the censor expelled senators or knights from their tribe, de-
clared their citizenship and right of voting as lost (in Cari-
tum tabulas referri), and themselves . ami fortune henceforth
to belong to the public treasury; yet the lIucceeding censor
could reinstate them: Marius miUtes ,cripsit non more
106 175 .. Capulus. 178. Carpere.
flf4jorutn, neque ex classilnu, sed capite censo. plerwque.
Sallo Censores scepenumero superiorum judiciis nota ,tetenuat,
ut alter in arad o s reJerri aut tribu moveri jubeat, alter
"etet. Cie.
175. CAPULUS, MANUBRIUM, ANSA. CapuZ.s, too han-
dIe of a tool or instrument of any 80rt, e. g. suptn, enria,
aratri; M anubrium, handle, in as far as it designates r11gs
and the like to lift &C. a thing, also the handle, if it is a long,
projeeting pieee, hand-pieee, as it were, e. g. the handle oC a
broom, and, in general, the handle eonsidered as eontrivanee
Cor the hand, e. g. securis: Ad ferramenta facta maRU-
liria aptare. Colum. Vas vinarium manubrio aureo.
Cie. A n s a, ear, handle of a vessel: Attrita pendebat can-
charus a n s a. Virgo
176. CARBO, PRUNA. Carbo, the eoal, as effect and
produet of the tire, burning or not: Prwlia, rubrica picta aut
carbone. Hor. Dionysius candente carbone sibi adure-
bat capillum. Cie. Pruna, the burning, glowing coaI:
Subjiciunt t'eribus prunas. Virgo
177. CARERE, EGERE, INDlGERE, VACARE; CARITAS, PB-
NURIA, INOPIA. C arere, to want, i. e. to stand in want oC,
to feel the want, not to have, the opposite of having or pos-
sessing: malo, dolore, febri, consuetudine amicorum.Cie.
Non carel is, qui 1Ion de.sideral. Id. Egere, to 8utrer
want, the opposite of having in plenty, abundaDee: ConsiZio
non eges, vel abundas potius. Cie. Egens aqtte est is, qui
flon satis habet, et is, cu nihil satis po test esse. Ad HereDn.
Indigere, to stand in great need of: Bellum indiget ce-
leritalis. Cie. Va c a r e, to be open, free, empty oC and Cor
something: Tota domus superior vacal. Cie. Vaco culp.
Id. Scribes aliquid, si vacabis. Id. Philosophia semper
vacuo Id. Caritas, 66, the quality ofa thing ifwedislike
missing it, and it has, eonsequently, mueh value to us; the
high priee of articles on aeeount of scarcity: Vilitas annona
e:c inopia et ca r ita t e rei frumentariw consecuta esto Cie.
Pe n r i a, want, searcity of stores, opp. copia: Crelo, terr
penuria aquarum. Sall. Inopia, want of assistanee, help-
lessness, embarrassment: Magna sollicitudine afficior, magna
in o pi a consilii. Cie.
178. CARPERE, LEGERE, METER E ; VELLICARE. Carpe-
re, to take off pieee by pieee, to pluek, e. g. poma, gramen;
Legere, with seleetion; flores el fraga. Virgo Metere,
to mow off, to reap: Ut ,ementem feceris, ita melu. Cio.
179. Casa. 181. CfJltigare.
107
Carpere, to attack partially, by parts, and thus injure:
HOBtu fessv,m agmen carpunt ab omni parte, incursantque.
Liv., nnd to tease some one, to ridcule hm strongly: In
multorum peccato carpi pueros ad ignominiam non oportet.
Cie. Vellicare, to pluek violently (the German rupfen
and zupfen), to pineh with 1V0rds, to taunt with nipping words.:
More hominum in com,it,iis rodunl, in circulis vellicant,
maledico dente carpunt. Cic.
179. CASA, TuGURIUM, MAPALE .. Casa, the hut, R small
house, as the eovering refuge: Casa capiebat parva Quiri-
numo Ovid. Tugurium, the hut, eo\'ering against wind and
weather: Pauperis el tuguri congestum cespite culmen.
Virgo Mapalia, Magalia, small huts, like ovens, of the
Afriean nomadie tribes: NumidaJ, m a p a 1 i a aua, hoc est
domus, plaustris circumferentes. Plin.
180. CASSIS, GALEA, CUDO. Cassis, Cassida, a hel-
met of metal, as the hollow covering of the head; Galea,
of leather, also covered over with metal, as the hiding cover-
ing; Cudo, of rare use, the covering, as skin-like, protecting
eovering ofthe head: Aurea cassida. Virgo Ad galeas
inducendas tempus dpfuit. Cres.; both were ornamented by
feathers (crista). Capiti cudone ferino cautum. Sil.
181. CASTIGARE, PUNIRE, P<ENAS PETERE,. REPETERE, PlE-
NAS, SUPPLICIUM SUMERE, ANIMADVERTERE, PLECTERE, MUL-
CABE, MULTARE; P<ENA, MULTA. Castigare, to punish
with the view of correcting, to correet, if used for punishing
(German zchtigen): Segniliem atque inertiam hominum.
Cie. Punire, to punish, to makc one suffer for something,
retaliate in the sense of punishing: sontes. Cie. P re n a,
punishment, as atonement for a crime; Prenas petere a
qUQ, to bring one to condign punishment; repetere,.to de-
mand punishment as satisfaction, atonement, to demand, as it
were, hack; to revenge something with some one: Leges
p.amas repetunt ad injusto judice, qui prenas ah inno-
cente petiit. Sumere prenas, punishment in general;
Sumere supplicium, asevere bodily inflietion, or capital
punishment, exeeution: Qui ne de damnata qlLidem plBnas
sumere potuisset, de ea 8upplicium 8umsit. Cie. An-
imadvertere (80) in quem, to visit a crime
Institueras. in e08 animadvertere, qui perperam judi-
cassent. Cie. Plectere. to whip, ehastise with blows,
lItripes, generaUy PIecti, to suffer painful punishment, lo
Buffer.dearly for something: QuidquU deIirant regu, pIIlCo
...
lOS 182. Castw. 184. Catapulta.
tuntur .Achitli. Mulcare, punish with bodily iUtreat
ment; Multare, with loss: Familiam mulcatlU wque ad
mortem. Ter. M u 1 tan tu r bonis e:J:sules. Cie. - M u 1 t a,
generalIy fine: Centum millium multa irrogat" erat. Liv.
182. CASTUS, PUDICUS, VERECUNDUS. Castus, ehaste,
he who so chastens his sensual appetites that his mora lit y
appears spodess: Castus .animw purttsque. Cie. Pudio
cus, to have the proper sense of shame, indicating that bash.
fulness which proceeds from a chaste feeling (in German
ziichtig), he who avoids that wbich might excite his sensual
appetites or might hurt his sense of sbame: Erubescrmt pu
dici etiam loqu de pudicitia. Cic. Verecundus,
decorous, of moral deportment, from natural sense of ehas.
tity, moral delicaey, and fear of giving just scandal: Decet
verecundum esse adolescentem. Plaut. Verecundi sunt,
ut bene audiant, ut rumorem bonum colligant. Cie.
183. CASUS, FORS, FORTUNA, SORS, FATUM; EXITUS,
EVENTU'S. C asus, the case, accident, untoward event, in
asmuch as tbey are unforeseen: Quod temere fit caco casu,
pradici non potest. Cic. Spem varii casus fefellerunt. Id.
Fors, the accident by which an event is eaused, brought
about: Non casu te sortitw sum amicum; nulla etenim
mihi te fors obtulit. Hor. Fortuna,. tbe fate which has
been brougbt upon us by accident, as event to be perceived
by the senses, as phenomenon, good or bad luck: Fortuna
commutationem queri. Creso Infima est conditio et fortuna
servorum. Cic. Forte fortuna adfuit. Ter., by a happy,
fortunate accident. Sors, tbe lot wbich, as effeet of acci
dent, falls to one, with tbe additional idea of a mysterious
destiny; Fatum, the order of the world, of things, unchange.
ably destined by the supreme ruler of tbe universe; fate, as
the steadily and secretly swaying power; there is the idea of
the unchangeable, and therefore irresistible, in fatum: Fati
lege immobilis rerum humanarum ordo sentar. Lv. Nescia
mena hominum fati sortisque futura. Virg., differing like
ea use and etrect. - C a s u s, event, as that whch happens;
Exitus, the end, issue of an event; Ev entus, its effect and
eonsequence, its turning out so or so, sueeessfully or not,
happily or not: Contigit consiliis nostris exitus, que",
optamw. Ce. Non e:J: sententia eventu-s dicendi pro
cedit. Id.
184. CATAPULTA, BALLISTA, ONAGER, SCORPIO. Ctlta.
pulta, and the (differentlyarranged) Balli.ta, were lorge
185. Oatena. 187. Oa"IlN. 109
macbines for throwing (tormenta) witb bows and stringa, tbey
tbrew large arrows and pieces of rocks; Onager threw
stones; Scorpio, a small baUista or scaffold, wbich tbrew
very pointed arrows. From tbe tim6s of Cesar, tbat wbich
was formerly called catapulta was named ballista, and the
former baUista was called onager.
185. CATENA. TORQUES, MONILE; VINCULUlII, NERVUS,
MANICA, COMPES, PEDICA. As ornament of the neck served
tbe Catena. a cbain composed of rings; Torques, tbe
twisted cbain; MO'Alle, an ornament oftbe neck, composed
of separate parts, more independent links than tbose of. the
ebaio: Eriphyla quum vidisset monile e3: auro et gemmis,
salutem viri prodidit. Cic. Cbains to fetter, fetter, is Vino
culum, every thing wbich serves to lasb, to tie ("incere), tbe
rope, if used for tbis purpose; Nervus, cord, and fetter'
made of sioews; Man1:ca, manacle; Compes, a fetter
applied to the lower leg (con-pes), foot-iron; Pedica, a
noose, fetter in which the foo! is kept: In vinculis el ca-
tenis use. Liv. Corpus in ner"um ac supplicia dare.
Id_. In manids et compedibu8 te sub custode lenebo.
Hor. .
186. CAVEA, CUNEI, GRADUS, FORJ. Ca"ea, the seats
ID form of stairs in too amphitheatre, and the theatre as a
hollow place, considered as a wbole; ima, tbe lowest divi-
sion, for senators,; media, for the equites; 8umma, the
highest, forthe people; Cunei, the divisions of tbese seats
made by tbe stairs from aboye down, and whieh appeared,
of course, io the form I)f wedges, since tbe upper eircumfer-
ence was wider tbao tbe lower; below was tbe orche8tra,
for tbe senators, Cunei equestre8 8. quatuordecim,
for tbe knights; populares, for tbe people; Gradus,
these seats accordiog to the horizontal rows. Fori, the
stair-like seats io the circus, tbe large racing-ground.
187. CAVERE, CAUTIONElII HABERE; CAUTIO, S T I S D T I O ~
Cavere, to prevent a danger, or endeavour to dI) it, lo take
care against sometbing, insidias; ab aliquo, to be on Qis
guard against sorne one, and to make sorne one give guar-.
anty, ball; Cautionem habere, to require eaution and
carefulness: Ego, q'I.(,(E provideri poterunt, non fallar in iis :
qtUIl cautionem non habebunt, de iis non ita fJalde Za-
boro. Cie. Beneficentia multas habet cautiones. Id.-
Cautio, caution, foresigbt, tbe pledge and guaranty in a
contraet, given oraUy, in writing, Ol by &0 actual pledge, a
10
lOS 182. Castus. 184. Catapulta.
tuntur Achivi. Mulcare, punish with bodily ill-treat-
ment; Multare, with loss: Familiam mulcavi-t uaque ad
mortem. Ter. Multantur bonis euules. Cie. -Multa,
generaIly fine: Centum millium multa irrogat" erat. Liv.
182. CASTUS, PUDICUS, VERECUNDUS. Castus, ehaste,
he who so ehastens his sensual appetites that his morality
appeara spotless: Castus animus purusque. Cie. Pudi-
cus, to have the proper sense of shame, indicating that bash-
fulness which proceeds from a ehaste feeling (in Gennan
zchtig), he who avoids that which might excite his sensual
appetites or might hurt his sense of shame: Erubescunt pu-
dici etiam loqui de pudicitia. Cic. Verecundu8,
decorous, of moral deportment, from natural sense of ehas-
tity, moral delicaey, and fear of giving just scandal: })eat
verecundum esse adolescentem. Plaut. Verecundi sunt,
ut bene audiant, ut rumorem bonum colligant. Cie.
183. CASUS, FOBs, FORTUNA, SORS, FATUM; EXITUS,
EVENTUS. Casus, the case, accident, untoward event, in-
asmuch as they at:e unforeseen: Quod temere jt caco casu,
pradici non potest. Cie. Spem varii casus fefellerunt. Id.
Fors, the aecident by which an event is eaused, brought
about: Non c a s u te sortitus sum amicum; nulla etenim
mihi te fors obtulit. Hor. Fortuna, the fate whieh has
been brought upon us by aeeident, as event to be pereeved
by the senses, as phenomenon, good or bad luek: Fortuna
commutationem queri. Creso Injma est conditio et fortuna
servorum. Ce. Forte fortuna adfuit. Ter., by a happy,
fortunate accident. Sors, the lot whieh, as effeet oC aeei-
dent, faUs to one, with the additional idea of a mysterious
destiny; Fa t u m, the order of the world, of things, unehange-
ably destined by the supreme ruler of the universe; fate, as
the steadily and seeretly swaying power; there is the idea of
the unehangeable, and therefore irresistible, in fatum: Fati
lege immobilis rerum humanarum ardo seritur. Liv. Nescia
mena kominum fati sortisque futura. Virg., differing like
eause and effeet. - Casus, event, as that whieh happens;
Exitus, the end, issue of an event; Eventus, its effect and
eonsequence, its tuming out so or so, sueeessfully or DOt,
happily or not: CQntigit consiliis nostris uitus, que.
optamus. Cie. Non ex sententia e ven t ' dicendi pro-'
cedt. Id.
184. CATAPULTA, BALLISTA, ONAGER, SCORPIO. Ctlta-
pulta, and the (differentlyarranged) BtllZista, were lorge
185. Oatena. 187. OavtJr#J. 109
machines for throwing (tormenta) with bows and strings, they
threw large arrows and pieces of rocks; O n tl g e r threw
atones; Scorpio, a small baUista or scaffold, which threw
very pointed arrows. From the tim6s of Cresar, that which
was formerly called catapulta was named ballista, and the
former baUista was called onager.
185. CATENA, TORQUES, MONILE; VINCULUlII, NERVUS,
MANICA, COMPES, PEDICA. As ornament of the neck served
tbe Catena, a chain composed of nngs; Torques, the
twisted ehain; M 01J, i le, an ornament of the neck, eomposed
of separate parts, more independent links than those of. the
ehain: Eriphflla quum vidisset monile e3: auro et gemmis,
salutem viri prodidit. Cic. Chains to fetter, fetter, is Vino
(;ulum, every thing which serves to lash, to tie (vincere), the
rope, if used for this purpose; Nervus, cord, and fetter'
made of sinews; Mtln1:ca, manacle; Compes, a fetter
applied to the lower leg (con-pes), foot-iron; Pedica, a
noose, letter in which the foot is kept: In vinculis et ca-
tenis use. Liv. Corpus in nervum ac supplicia dare.
Id. In manids et compedibus te sub custode tenebo.
Hor_
186. CAVEA., CUNEI, GRADUS, FORI. Cavea, the seata
in form of stairs in the amphitheatre, and the theatre as a
hollow place, considered as a whole; ima, the lowest divi
sion, for senators,; media, for the equites; summa, the
highest, for the people; Cunei, the divisions of these seats
made by the stairs from aboye down, and which appeared,
of eourse, in the form of wedges, since the upper circumfer-
ence was wider than the lower; below was the o r c la e s t r a,
for the senators, Cunei equestres s. quatuordecim,
for the knights; populares, for the people; Gradus,
these seata according to the horizontal rows. For, the
stair-like seats in the circus, the large racing-ground.
187. CAVERE, CAUTIONEM HABERE; CAUTIO, SATISDATIO.
C a ver e, 10 prevent a danger, or endea vour to do it, lo taka .
care against something, insidias; ab aliquo, to be on ~ i l
guard against sorne one, and to make some one giva guaro
anty, bail; Cautionem habere, to require caution and
carefulness: Ego, qua provideri poterunt, non fallar in iv:
f1U! cautionem non habebunt, de iis non ita valde Za
boro. Cic. Bene.ftcentia multas la a b e t e a" t ion es. Id.-
Oa"tio, caution, foresight, the pledge and guaranty in a
contraet, given oraUy, in writing, or by an actual pledge, a
10
llO 188. Caverna. 190. Cmua.
I
thing pledged; 8atisdatio; the action oC giving bail, by
which the other is satisfied: A malis natura declinatnUII:
qua! declinatio, quum ratione fit, cautio appellatur. Cic.
Batisdationem prlUtare. Ulpian.
188. CAVERNA, ANTRUM, SPECUS, SPELUNCA; Caverna,
cavern, inasmuch as it is hollow, a hollow, excavation: E
terrQl cavernis ferrum elicimus. Cic. Antrum, cavern,
grotto, entering deep, poetical: Silvestribus abditus antris.
Ovid. Specus, the more elongated hollow, cleft oC roeks,
whence dangers may be espied, hence the name; Spelun-
ca (for speculunca), the smaller spelunca, the hiding-pla.ce,
comer: In eam speluncam penetratum cum signis est, et
e3: eo loco obscuro multa vulnera accepta, donec altero s pe-
cus ejus ore (nam pervius erat), invento, utrQlque fauces con-
gestis l'ignis accensQl. Liv.
189. CAULA, OVILE. Caula, the pen, inasmuch 88 it
surrounds the sheep; O vil e, the place where sheep are
kept: Lupus insidiatus ovili, quum fremit ad 'caulas.
Virgo
190. CAUSA, RATIO; RES, LIs; CAUSARI, PRJETENDERE,
PRlETEXERE. Causa, cause of an effect; Ratio, the pro-
ceeding according to a 'Certan calculation, hence -the word;
that which contains the reasons why we destine a thing to
produce an intended effect, the reasons, the grounds: Nun-
quam bellorum semen et c a u s a deerit. Cic. Ex laqueis se
aliqua via ac r a t in e explicare. Id. Inexplicandis c a u-
sis rerum novarum ea, qua! placehunt, exponendis rationi-
bus comprobabis. Id. - If we have distinct objllcts in view,
causa is the interest, especially of each disputing party, as,
to have a good cause; Res is the subject of dispute, in which
the parties have different interests; Lis, 62, the legal action,
process, which is brought and had about the res: Senator
causas populi teneto. Cic. Causam pro publicanis dirrit
LQllius. Id., to defend in court. Jus in rem; Rei vindi-
catio. Quibus res erat in controversia, ea vocabatur Lis.
Varr. - Causad, to assert, give something as cause;
PrQltend ere, to extend a veil beCore something; Pr-
texere, to weave a veil before something, i. e-. to pretend, to
veil, cloak, cover the truth; the German vorwenden, literalIy
to tum before, is taken from a very similar trope: Consen-
lUm Patrum causabantur trihuni, quo jura plebis labe-
Jacta essent. Liv. Te Pythagoricum soles dicere, et !&omi-
nis doctissimi ROIIM tuis barbaris moribus prlZtendere.
Cic. Blando fraudem prQltexere risu. Claudian.
191. Cautus. 194. Celeber. 111
191. OAUTUS, CONSIDERATUS, CIRCUMSPECTDS, PROVIDUS.
All these signify the same with the corresponding English
words, except that providus does not only mean provident,
i. e. foreseeing wants, and therefore laying in provisions or
other articles wanted at sorne future period, as it does in
English, but it signifies carefully avoiding distant dangerou8
consequences. C autus, cautious, careful against possible
danger, being uponone's guard; Consideratus, consid-
erate, who weighs judiciously all circumstances; Circum-
sp e e tus, circumspect, who views all surrounding dangers,
and tries to protect himself' suitably, who has his ,. eyes wide
open." Propter insidias e a u t u s pro vid u s que. Cic.
Con, id-e r a l i hominis est, qua de re jure decertari oportet,
armis non contendere. Id. In cognoscendo ac decernendo
circumspectus el sagax. Suet.
192. CElJERE, CoNCEDERE, CONNIVERE. Cedere, lo
yield against resistance; CQncedere, to yield, to concede
from kindness, to grant; Connivere, to close the eyes,
connive at, to be indulgent: l/le tempori, furttri, co7l81llibus
cessit. Cic. Concedere amicis, quidquid velint. Id. Cur
in hominum sceleribus maximis conniv etis '1 Id.
193. CELARE, SILERE, T ACERE; T ACITUS, T ACITURNUS.
Celare, to nide, to conceal something of which we ought to
inform another on account of bis interest; S il e re, to be_
still,- quiet, not to talk; Tcere, to besilent, when we
might or ought to speak, to abstain from talking about a
thing, 'to eoneeal by silence, by not the German ver-
8chweige7l: Celare est, quum quod tu amas, id ignorare
emolumenti tui causa velis eas, quorum intersit id scire. Cie.
Muta ailet virgo. Ovid. Silent leges inter arma. Cic.
Enuntiabo, quod adhuc semper tacui. ld.- TacitttB, who
is silent; Taciturnus, taciturn, still more one who keeps a
secret well, and cannot be made to speak: Tu abi tacitus
tuam viam. Plaut. lngenium atatua taciturnius. - Hor.
The English lallguage having no verb for being silent, is de-
fieient in aU these various derivatives. -
194. CELEBER, FREQUENS, CREBER; FREQUENTER, CItE-
BRO, SEPE; CELEBRARE, FREQUENTARE, AGERE DIEM FESTUM.
Cileber, nOlsy, by a large concourse of people, by numer-
ous visits, e. g. forum, nuptia, oraculum; Locus e e 1 e b ri s,
an de,ertus. Ad Herenn. Frequena, crowded by people,
opp. pauci, singuli; Ihat which is in great number, and he
who does in great number: theatrum -mcipium, populous:
,- -
...
112 195. Celer.
Senaws frequen8 convenit. Ce. DemOlltltenes freqaen6
fuit Platoni8 auditor. Id .. Cre ber of nercasing, BCCumo-
lating number: CaBtella primum pauca, postea, exert:itu atIe-
to, creberrima fecerunt. Liv., of frequent, nereasing oc-
currenee.-Frequenter, frequently, closely 000 to anotherj
Crebro, numerous, frequentIy in suecession; Stepe,
numero, ofien, at various times: Alexander frequenter
in rifficinam Apellis ventitabat. Plin. C r e b r o Catulum,
8tepe me, stepBsime rem publicam nominabat. Ce.-
Celebrare, to make loud, solemn, famous by coneOUl"S8 of
peoplej Frequentare, to make crowded, fuJl, to visit in
numbel"S; Agere, Agi tare diem fes tu m, to celebrare
solemnly a feast day by observing accustomed rites: Quum
urbes ltaliee festos dies agere ad'uentus mei 1)idebtmt'Ur,
mee multitudine legatorum undique missorum e e 1 e b r a b a n-
tur. Cie. Res omnium sermone ceZebrata. Id., rendered
famous. Multi frequentant domum meam. Id.
195. CELER, VELOX, PERNIX; LBV1S, AGIL1S, ALACEB,
PROJITVS; CJTUS, PROPERUS, FESTINUS j CELERARB, PRO-
PERAKE; FESTINARE, MATURARE. Celer (celsus, 64.), quiek,
of a violent motion, or as effeet of certain talents, as' skilful-
ness: Velox (volare), fleet, nimble, used of ease in the
movement of the limbs; Perniz (niti), rapid, qnidt, or
.lastng moving power: Pedites velocissimi, si qua erat
celerius recipiendum. Creso Famam pedibus celerem el
pcrnicibus aliso Virgo As eapaoity: Levis, light, op-
posed to heavy ofmotion; Agilis, movable, agile, quick at
work,opp. tardus; Aldcer, lively, sprightly, eft'ect of a
lively feeling of spirits, e. g. equus; Promtus, ready,
always prepared: Corpuscula v()lucri levitale feruntur.
Lucret. Oderunt a gil e m gnauumque rumissi. Hor.
tores alacritate ad canendum excitantW". Cle. Ad bella
8Uscipienda Gallorum alaeer et promtu8 est a1ri_.
Cres., only of shortness of time: Cilus, expediting witb ex-
ertion; Pro p erua, hasty, in order to approach the end in
view; Fes t in u 8, anxiously hastening, hastening while driveo
by internal disquiet: Cite> transt:lH'f'e ctfN'cule> ad R08.
Plaut. Ecce venit Telamon properus. Ovid. Cursu fe ...
tinus anhelo advolat. Id.- Celerat, fJ1'i tnordl perieulmn
sentil; Festinat, quem necessitas auttUpidita8;
Pro pe r a t, qui citius quam diligentius agit, 1 aliquitl con-
ficiat; Matral (to do that for which it ia the right time,
1I0t to delay), qui rem tempestive perfectam cupit. Nonius.
196. Cento. 198. Cessare. 113
lnde ventis remis in patriam omni festinatione prope-
ravi. Cic., to basten, to burry to obtrun one's object. Multa,
forent qure erelo properanda maturare da- .
tur. Virg., the farmer may perform with considerate dili
gence many labors, which he would be obliged to hurry if
it sbould soon be fine weather.
196. CENTO, L'ACINIA, PANNUS. Cento, a dress or cover
patched together of old pieces, patchwork; L ti e in i a, a
blanket, a towel, and too corner of a dress, e. g. togre; Pan.
nus, a lnrger blanket, as that which is woven, a dress; in
f
rur. Panni. rags: Centones sibi sarcire. Cato. Sume
aeiniam atqUB ahsterge sudorem tibio Plaut. P anni.
annisqUB obsitus. Ter.
197. UERTUS, RATUS; CERTE, CERTO, PROFECTO, SANE.
Certus, certain, according to the ground of our knowledge
or perception, in the which we cannot doubt; also, sure, safe,
of the person in whom we may trust; also, a certain (person)
whom we may mention as the cause, author, &C. of a certain
lhing, but whom we do not. choose to designate fartber: Mi
Ai eertum est, I am resolved, indicates the firmness of wll
to do something acknowledged by us as tbe best to be done:
Quum certum sciam, faeiam te certiorem. Cie. Suat
certa vitia, qure nemo est quin effugere cupiat. Id. Ha1Je.
bam certos Aominea, quibus darem literas. Id. Cert.a
est deliberatumqUB omnia dicere. Id. Ratus, calculated,
eettled, that which is concluded upon, cannot be changed:
In omni reternitate rati immutabilesqUB siderum eursus. Ce.
Testamentum ruptum aut ratum. Id., val id. - Certe,
tainIy, of a thing; at least, if it applies to a given case;
Certo, with certainty, of the conviction of him who knows:
Si Deus seit, eerte illud eveniet. Cic. Quod e3: noslris lit.
era e e r t e scire potuistis. Id. Homines mortem veZ optare
incipiant, vel ce r t e timere desistant. Id. De qua te non
dubitare certo seio. Id. Profecto, assuredly, in fae,
assuring something as fact: Non est ita, judiees, non BBt
profecto. Cic. Sane, entirely so, verily; Sane vellem
potuisset obsequi voluntati ture. Cic.; in" concessive style," .
it signifies, may it be so: HtEC sint falsa s a n e. Id.
198. CESSARE, INTEIlMITTERE, DESISTERE, DESINERE;
INTERMISSIO,INTERCAPEl>O. Cessare (eedere, XIX, 10., b.),
to stop repeatedly in a work from indolence, to tarry, loiter;
lntermittere, to interrupt tbe work for a time altogether;
Desistere,.to deBst from it, uncertain whetber the work
10-
114 199. Clnt4. 202. Cingere.
will be taken up again, e. g. bello, incepto DeB"ere, ro
leave off, never lo resume it agajo: Gorgitu .unquam in no
'ludio atque opere c ... avil. Cie. Milites:ptlulWpw i ..
termittun' prtEliama, Beque ez: labore re.ftci.at. Caes. Ut
incipiendi se1'7lWnB ratio foeri', ita sil tluiuadi modu.
Cie.-Intermjssio, intermission Cor a time, e.g. tjfk:ii
Intercapedo, tbe interval, interruption: I.terc:apedi.-
nem scribendi facere. Cie.
199. CIBUS, ESCA, CIBARIA, EDULIA. CibuB, fond, as
tbat which satisfies, assuages hunger; C i b ari a, every thing .
used for this purpose, vietuals; Esca, prepared food, meal;
also, bait; Edulia, alleatables exeept bread: Cibo et po-
tione famem sitimque depellere. Cie. Cibada cocta. die-
rum decem. Nep. Dii non. escis "ut potiO'lli/nu vesc:K1lttW.
Cie. Commercatis ccmquisite edulibus. Mran.
200. CICU1l, MANSUETUS, M1TIS, LxNls. Chur, tamed,
accustomed tp man,oot fearing him; Ma.suetus, accu.
tomed lo the hand oC man, serving man, tame, mildly di&-
posad; Mitis, yielding, soft, mild; Lenis, sof\, Bot disa-
greeable to 'tbe feeling, agreeable to it: Genera bes'itmura
vel ci curum vel ferarum. Cie. Vir quidam sapieIfB lwm-
ines ez: feris et immanibus mites reddidit et man8u.'08-
Cie., of sociable disposition. CfBsar, homo mitiuimu8
fque lenissimus. Id.
201. CIERE, EXCIRE, EXCITARE. Ciere, excite, stir up,
set into aetivity, e. g. motus, lacrimas, pugnam, bellum; pa-
trem ciere, tocall one's father, and thus prove birth as a
Creeman; Excire, to chase up that which was at rest: E:r:-
tremos pavor cubilibus suB excitos in jugamtulit. Liv.
Excitare, to excite more violently, by calling or any other
stirring means, e. g. e somno, ab infers.
20'.. CINGERE, REDlMIRE, CIRCUMDARE, AMBIRE; CJN-
GULUM, REDlMICULUM, ZONA. Cinge.re, to Cence (circum-
fence), to gird, holding together: castra vallo, comam lauro:
Flumen oppidum cingit. Redimire, lo wind around, to
hem, hem in: capillos serto, vitta; Circumdare, lo sur-
round all around: brachia collo, oppidum vallo et f08sa;
A m b i r e (amb, XVII.), 10 walk round something, to surround
a thing from an sides, neutraliter, i. e. being situated aH
around: Oceanus terram, amns insulam ambit.- Cingu-
lum,'the girdle; Cingulus, alarge circle which surrounds
something: Cerns terram quasi quibusdam redimitam et
circumdatam cinguli8. Cie. Cingula, tbe saddle-girt:
203. CiniB. 206. CirJi
115
Nova cngula lcedit equum. Ovid. Redimiculum, that
which serves to tie round, riband, band, SBsh: Habent redi-
mi c u 1 a mitrce. Virgo Z o n a, a gir41e in general: Z o n a,
qua cincta foit. Ovid. Quinque tenent clBlum Zonce. Virg.,
the zone.
203. CINIS, FAVILLA, SCINTILLA. Cinis, the ashes, be-
cause a grayish-white (55) body; Favilla, the flyingashes
(favere); Scntilla, spark: Dilapsam in cineres facem.
Hor. Scintillas agere, ac l.ate differrefavillam.Lucret.
204. CIRCUS, CIRCULUS, ORBIS, GYRtl'S. Circus and
Circulus, tbe circle, as the outermost line oC a circular
space: Stellce circos suos orbesque conjiciunt. Cic. al. cir-
culos; especilllly Circus marimus, the race-ground in
Rome; circus theatri; Vasa circulis cingere, with
hoops; sermones in circulis. Cic., in circles oC society.
Orbis, the circular space, space marked out by the circle,
hence terrarum, beca use the earth was considered to be such :
Luna quater junctis implerat cornibus o r b e m. Ovid. G 1/-
rus, the motion in a circle: In gyros ire coactus ett'us.
Ovid.
205-. GIS, CITRA. Cis, this side of, designates the whole
space between the person who speaks and a eemin limit;
Citra, on this side of, a place or country in this space:
Gallia Cisalpina. Cie. ' Vinum citra mare natum. Hor.
206. CIVlS, POPULARIS, INcoLA; CIVITAS, URBS, (CAPUT,)
OPPIDUM, MUNICIPIUM, COLONIA, PREFECTURA. Civis, cit-
izen, as member oC the state, and participator in ts liberties
and burdens: Egues Rom.anus, hujus re publicce civis.
Cic. Me cves, my fellow-citizens (not concives). Pop-
ularis, one of the same nation, a countryman.: IndibiliB
llerges non populares modo, sed .Ausetanos quoque, vici-
nam gentem, concitat. Liv. In col a, inhabitant oC a certain
place or country: Totius mundi incola et civis. Cic.-
Civitas, a1l the citizens, as society Corming the state, and
tbe citizenship, the aggregate oC rights oC a citizen: Servos
liberlate, id est civitate donare. Cic. Urbs, city, as the
place, solemnly consecrated 'and surtounded by a wall, oC a
civitas; also this'plaee with reference to its mngnitude
t
rights, privileges, a capital: Et Roma urbs est, et eam c-
vitas incolit. Cic. (Caput, head, it is called in as Car as
it is the most powerful, considerable, oC a country: Thebce,
caput totius Gracia. Nep. Thus, New York would be the
eaput, but Albany the urbs, by way oC preference, oC tbe
116 207. Clamo 210. 0l4rru.
State oC New York.). Oppidum, town, as a remainiog,
stationary dwelling.place: Ubii 8U4 omnia ti: agria in oppi.
da conjerunt. Creso Oppidum Britanni vocant, quum
silvas impeditas vallo atque jossa munierunt. Id. With re
spect to Rome as the capital, Municipium is a free, pro
vincial city in ltaly, with ite own laws, magistracy, and Sacra,
generally also with Roman citizenship; Coloniaya Roman
colonial city, which was granted to Roman citizens for colo.
nization: ln colon i a s Latinas sa?pe nostri cives projecti
aunt, aut aua voluntate, aut legis multa. Cic. PrfZjectura,
a town suspected of want of loyalty, and which was govemed
by a pra;fectus appointed by Rome, e. g. Capua.
207. CLAM, CLANCULUM, FURTlM, SECRETO. Clam, se
eretly, witbout knowledge of others, unobserved by others;
the same, but stronger, is C 1 a n e u 1 u m, in secret; Multa
palam domum auam aujerebat; p1ura e 1 a m de medio remo-
vebat. Cc. Alii c 1 a n c 71.1 u m patres qUfZ jaciu.nt, ea ne me
celet, consuejeci jilium. Ter., without kuowledge of their
fathers. Clancu1um ex fZdibus me edidi joras. Plaut.
Furtim, stealthily, like thieves: LagenfZ jurtim tJ3lsic.
catfZ. Cic. Secreto, secretly, separated from others: Ego
et Pompeius secreto collocu.ti aumus. Cic.
208. CLAMARE, VOCIFERARI; CLAMATOR, RABULA. Ola-
m a r e, indicating the scream, in speaking or calling; Vo ci.
jerari, vociferate, to speak violently, with great exertion,
in passion, pain: Ipse minitari absenti Diodoro; vo c ij e
rari palam: lachrimas vix tenere. Cic. - Cla1nator, the
bawler, who with great noise makes empty speeches (in Ger-
man &hreilals); Rabula, a bad lawyer, who can only
make noise and use scurrilous lang\lage in court: Rab-u.l fZ
aut plane indocti et inu.rbani, aut rustici etiam. Cic.
209. CLANGOR, STRIDOR, CREPITUS, STREPITUS. The
sound, ringing and sounding loud, is, as far as we perceive it
with the sense of hearing, C 1 a n g o r, e. g. tttbfZ, aquilfZ, an-
seris; S tri d o r, whistling, hissing, whizzing, screaming, or
loud and not agreeable sound, as the cackling of geese, the
sound of owls, elephants, monkeys, the grunting of hogs:
Stridor anguis, serree, teli; Crepitus, ilcreaking, elat-
tering, rattling, suddenly and violently, yet in short intervals,
e. g. claWltrorum, plagarum, digitorum; Strepitus, roar-
ing, rustling, of lasting sound, noise, e. g. rotarum. Canes,
BOUicitum genus ad nocturnos s t r epi t u s. Cic.
-210. CLARUS, MANIFESTUS, EVIDBNS. PBBSPICU17S; IL
211. Classiarii. 117
-
LUSTRIS, INSIGNIS, NOBILIS, CELEBEll, INCLITUS. Claru.,
clear, light, for the sense of sight and bearng, as the Ger.
man hell is used for <,olor and sound, and as we say clear
day, clear voiee, opp. obscurus, dark ;e. g. dies; lucerna,
.tella, effulgent, bright; vox, clear and audible: Clara res
est, tota Sicilia celeberrima atq'lte notissima. Cic. M ani.
estus, plain, open, from manus, as the German handgreif-
lich, that whieh can be grasped with the band; opp. latens.
Ccedes manifesta. Cie. Evidens, evident, that- which
clearly appears to the eyes, the German augenscheinlich, ap-
pearing to tbe eyes, not requiring fartber proof, opp. dubius,
e. g. narratio, argumentum: Tam evidens numen hac temo
pestate rebus adfuit Romanis. Liv. Perspicuus (trans.
parent, through wbieh we may see), perfeetly elear, not
requiring farther explanation: Ita perspicua veritas, lit
eam inJirmare nulla res possit. Cic. - C larus, bright, giving
lustre by exeellent qUlI.lities, eelebrated, e. g. genere
Jactisq1t6; Illust.ris, famous, enjoying fame and glory
foom witllout, illustrious: Homines illustres honore ac
nomine. Cic. Factum illustre notumque omnibus. Id.
Insignis, distinguished, good or bad: Virtus ScipioniB
etiam }Josteris erit clara et insignis. Cic. No bilis,
very muh known: Demet.rius ex doct.rina nobilis. Cie.
Competitores no'!l tam genere insignes, quam vitiis nobi.
les. Id. Henee Nobilitas, eelebrity by birth, nobility.
Celeber, 194, fainous, renowned, of whom mueh noise is
made: Mcenii celebre nomen laudibus fuit. Liv. In di
tus, obsolete Inclutus, very loud, famous, of whom they
talk mueh: Templum Feronice inclitum divitiis. Liv.
211. CLASSIARIl,' CLASSICI, NAUTE, (VECTORES), NAU
TICl, SOCIl NAVALES, REMIGES. Classiarii, crew and
marines belonging to a Heet, aceording to their profession:
Centurio classiarius. Tae., naval cent.urio. Those who
belong aecording to their species to the fleet, are Classici;
if belonging to the same Heet, N a u t i ci erew belonging to
one vessel. These were taken foom among the lowest citi
zens and freed slaves; but the sailors, who as a eorporation
were called S o ci i n a val e s, were enlisted in the martime
ClUes. Foom these differ the Remiges, oarsmen, who were
slaves: JUSSU8 e nauticis unus escendere in mal"",. Liv.
Hasdruhal classiuJs milites, navalesque soeio. ia
compellit. Id. N a 'U t a is the sailor wbo managea,
serves the vessel; Vector, the passenger: Labore et pcr-
118 212. Claudere.'21. Clemem.
,everantia naularum se vim tempeJtatis superare poNe
aperabat. Creso Omnis ve c t o r nihil prius quarit, quam ea-
jus se diligentia credat; Petron.
212. CLAUDERE, OBSERARE, OBTURARE, OBSTRUERB, ()p.
PIURE. Claudere, to lock up, to surround aud thus loek
up, as it were, jorem cubiculi, urbem operibus, transitl/.7J&
angusti salt-us: Dua legiones agmen c 1 a u d e b a n t. CalS.
Obserare, to lock with a bolt (Iock): Ostium obsera in-
tus. Ter. Obturare (to door up, as it 'Vere), to stop an
opening, hole: Cadum operculo, jormicarum joramf,na; ali--
cui os, ne 1TUllerlicat. Plaut. Obstruere, to obstruct by
layers of things one upon the otber, block up by building:
iter, portas castrorum. Oppilare, to dam up with piles:-
Potesl magnus congestus arena jluctibus adversis oppilare
ostia, Lucret.
213. CLAUDERE, CLAUDICARE. Both are !imping, being
lame, but the first only tropieally: Beata vita etiamsi e.2I
aliqua parte e 1 a u d e r e t. Cie. Carvilius graviler el a u d i-
cabal ex vulnere. Id. Vulgus, si quid in oralione claudi-
ca t, sentit. Id.
214. CLAUSTRUM, PESSULUS, REPAGULUM, BEX, SBU.
Claustrum, every contrivanee to keep something loeked
up, also turnpike, Quter wall, frontier fortress: EffrintJ.i jo-
res, revelli claustra. Cie. Claustris retinere Jeram.
The ancients used a bolt instead of a lock. The bolt bad a
hole in the middle; into tbis, tbe opening person put, tbrough
the key-bole, an iron, witb wbieb tbe bolt was lifled; in loek
ing a door, tbis iron was taken out with the key (clavis).
Pessulus is the small bolt, turning downward, and which is
pulled up; tbe cross-bolt, going into tbe wall, and hence
must be pulled back, was Repagulum, inasmuch as it
firmly seeured tbe door, and Obex, inasmuch as it was
pusbed aeross: Occlude jores ambobus pessulis. Plaut.
Portas o bj ice clauserat. - Sola Venus porta cecidisse re-
paguJa sensit. Ovid. Sra, a bolt whicb can be taken
away: Sera, quibus remotis jores panduntur. Varr. .
215. CLEMENS, INDULGENS, PLAClDUS, MISERICORS. Cle
mens, gracious, be wbo, from bumane motives, tempers bis
feeling of revenge, clement, opp. iratus; In d u 1 gen s, in
dulgent, wbo does not hlame or punish, tbougb he disapproves
of something, opp. severus, stern: Clemenli castigatione
licet uti. Cic. Paler nimis indulgens quidquid ego ad.
8trinxi, relaxat. Id. Tha clemens is merciful toward the
216. Clipeua. 219. Cema.
119
criminal, tbe indulgenB gracious in granting favors. Pla.
cid"8, calm, mild by self-rule, placid, opp. iracundUB:
Quum mihi videretur irasci, eum.placidum mollemque red.
didi. Cic. MiBericors, compassionate toward unmerited
sutfering, from tbe interest of tbe beart: Pater ipso nomine
patrio valet apud clementes judices et misericordes.
Cic_
216. CLIPEUS, ScuTunI, PARMA, PELTA, CETRA, ANCILE.
ClipeuB, tbe smalIer, oval, bollow sbield of bronze, cover.
ing tbe wbole breast; Scutum, tbe larger shield, four feet
long, two and a half wide, made of wood, and covered witb
linen or skin, and on the rim witb iron; Parma, a rouod
sbield, about tbree feet in diameter, of wood covered with
leather, used by the Iigbt infantry and cavalry. Pelta,
amaller, erescent-like, also square, witbout protuberance or
knob (umbo) in tbe centre, used by the Macedonians, Ama.
zoos, &C. Cetra, similar to the pelta, made of thongs of
buffalo or elephant skin, used by tbe Spaniards and Africaos;
Ancile, elongated oval, and in the middle on botb sides cut
out, as tbe Salians earried in proeessions.
217. COCHLEA, CONCHA, MITULUS, MUSCULUS. Cochlea,
an animal witb one shell, wound, tbe sbell as well as the
animal in it: lste tamquam c o c h 1 e a, abscondens retentat
BeBe tacitus et cum domo suq, ut comedatur, aufertur. Ad
Herenn. Con c h a, a sbell-fisb with two sbells, as tbe oys
ter: Pisciculi parvi in con c h a m hiantem innatant. Cie.,
aleo tbe mere shells: Ostreaque in conchiB tuta fuere suis.
Ovid. MituluB and Musculus, tbe former smalI, are
speeies Qf it.
218. CODEX, CODICILT.I, LIBER, VOLUMEN, PERICULUM.
C o d e z, a book made of tbin boards covered witb wax, leaves
of parcbmeot or papyrus, tied togetber at tbe back with 11
thong; Co di ci lli a small note-book, witb smaller boards
covered with wax; Liber, properly, tbe bark of trees, a
book consisting thereof, or of papyrus, generally used with
reference to the cootents of a book: Librum tibi mittam de
gloria. Cie. Vol m e n, the scroll of a book consisted of
severa! leaves (pagina) glued together, whieb were wound
around a wooden eylinder: Libros tres in su volumina
propter amplitudinem divisi. Plin. Epist. Periculum, a
protocol, as an original writing: Scribarum fidei tabula pub.
lica periculaque magistratuum committuntur. Cie.
219. CmNA, JENTACULUM, PRANDlUM, MERENDA; Ca:NA.
-120
C11LUM, Ca;:NATIO, TaCLINlUM. CtBRa, the chie! meal,
whicb, with tbe ancient Romans began with sunset, about tbe
twelftb, but at a later period at tbe tentb and eightb bour oC
the day: CtBnato mihi et jam dormitanti epistola uf red-
dita. Cic. CtBna recta, a complete meal, wanting nothing,
welJ fumished: Promissa est nobis sportula: re c t a data
esto Martial. Jentaculum, tbe breakfast: Surgite; jatA
vendit pueris jentacula pistor. Martial. Prand'"".,
luncheon, a sligbt meal toward noon, or merely sorne small
relish before going to tbe forum, or with laborers: Claudiu
ad spectaculum meridie, dimi.!so ad prandium populo, per-
8edebat. Suet. Merenda, the "aftcmooning," aftemoon
luncheon (Vesperbrot, in German). - CtBnacuZ"., the
dining-room, generalIy a back apartmcnt of the upper 1Itory:
Ubi ctBnabant, crenaculum vocitabant. Posteaquam in ....
periore parte crenitare cCllperunt, superioris domus _Wer'lll
crenacula dicta. Varr. Crenatio, tbe magnificent dining-
room of the ricb: CtBnationes laqueatre talnilis ebunaeW.
Suet. Trielinium, a composition of three sofas for dining,
each generalIy for three persons, around atable; aIso the
room where sucb was standing: Rogatus est, t trielin'''.
sterneret. Atque ille stravit pelliculis luzdini& lectulos P ..
nicanos. Cic.
220. C<ENUM, LUTUM, LlMUS; STERCUS, FlMUS, MERDA,
QUISQUILlA:; SITUS, SQUALOR, SORDES, P EDoa, ILLUVIES.
Crenum, liquid dirt, filthy, disgusting fluid s, drainings of the
barnyard; Lutum, dirt, consisting of dissolved earth and
water, mire; Limus, thin slime, sediment of impure fluids:
Male olet omne crenum. Cic. Milites luto et asriduis ....
b r i b u ~ tardabantur. Creso Amnis abundans obduao late
tenet omnia limo. Virgo More conslstent masses are:
Stercus, animal excrements, both as such and as manure:
quod ez avibus, eZ hominibus, ex pecudibus confito Colum.
Stercore et creno aliquem incessere. Suet. Segetem ster-
corant fruges, lupinum, faba, vicia. Stercus _de fa-
cias, stramenta, lupinum, paleas, fabalia. Cato. Fi.".
nnd Fimum, dung, excrements mixed with otber bodies,
used for tbe mass of dung, e. g. on tbe dung-hill: mnus
facilius concoquit, et bene confectum atque idoneum protinus
arvo fimum reddit. Colum. Si quis fimo corrupto ali-
quem perfuderit, creno, luto oblinuerit. Digg. FabtB ca-
prini fimi. Plin. Merda, dirt, ratber liquid animal excre-
ment, in as far as it soils: Merd's caput inquiner albis
221. CfBj1iue. 222. Cogere. 121
CM'I1OnU/I. Hor. Qui.quilice, aU sorts of ofl'al, mixed
rubbish, sweepings, slops: Omitto q u s q u i la s sedition
CltJdianfB. Cic., i. e. bad people, scum. Sticking dirt is Si
tus, alBO dirt or soiliog or disfiguring suhstance which has
originated from an article's long lying,in a damp pll;lce, dirt,
mould, rust: Sit" corrompi. Plaut. Squalor is the dis.
gusting dirt of a sloven, opp. nitor, neatness: Obma squa-
Zore "est. Sordes, the ofl'al whieh is thrown away, the
dirtiness of tbe rabble, in whieh they live, opp. splendor,
cleanliness, neatness: Sint sine sordibus ungues. Ovid.
With mourners and tbe unfortunate, who wish to excite como
passion, squalor is soiled appearanee, if they disregard or'
nament and beauty; sordes, if they disregard their standing
and dignity. P ce d o r, filth whieh emits ofl'ensive etHuvia
from protraeted uneleanliness (situs): Barba p ce d o r e Iwr
rida tAlque intonsa. Cie. Illuv ies, aeeumulated filtb, which
graduaIly has inereased: Ablue corpus illuvie ceternque
.ordibus squalidum. Curto
221. C<EPISSE, INCIPERE, INcHoARE, ORDIRI, INFIT. CiB
pisse, having begun, intransitive, and with respeet to tbe
aetion, hence witb the infinitive: Divitiacus domum discedere
elBpit. Cres., the action did begin, but was oot completed.
Strepitus audri clBpere. Tac., passive: Pons institu
~ l p t u s esto Cres. Incipere, making the beginning,lay
.1Ig hand to a work, active, e. g. opus, iter; also, Jam fru.
menta maturescere incipiebant. Creso Hence Incipiens
annus, tbe beginning of the first period of a space of time;
Iniens annus, the entering, now arriving year, of the first
point from which it begins. Inchoare, to plan, to layout a
thing, to lay tbe first foundation of a thing whieh s to be ex
ecuted, opp. perficere, e. g. navem, picturam: Opera prce.
clare iflchoata mUlta, perfecta non planeo Ce. Ordid,
lo begin sometbing at the foremost part, used with reference
to tbe duration and weariness of a work, properly of a time:
Perteu modo, quod exorsus es. Cie. Cum bonis pre.
cationibus Deorum libentius inciperemus, uf orsis tanti
operis 8UCcessus prosperos darent. Liv. Infit, he begins,
an ancient form of introducing a person as adding sometbing
Dew in ooe's relatioo: 1bi infit Albanus. Liv.
222. COGERE, COMPELLERE, CONTRAHERE, COLLIGERE,
CoNFICERE. Cogere, to drive together, to assemble, crowd.
ing together j Compellere, driving on, and pushing on:
e o g e r e senatum, copias, pecuniam j Tityre, c o g e p8cus.
11
223. Cogitare. 226. CoAi1HJrl.
Virg., keep together. PatlWru compule""ft' II
1IIIUIII. Id. In hunc sensum et allicior
et compellor injuriis. Cie. Contrahere, to draw f.o.
gether into a narrower spaee: Vibullius ce firritifI& regiorti-
bus contrahit cohortes. Cles. Colligere, to collect,
pieking Bingly, e. g. fructus, sparsos capillo. in tIOdWll; &
c o 11 i g e r e est diBBipatatl animi parte. f'Ursum ift BUUa IoCUIII
cogere. Cie. Conficere, to bring together with cara and
labor, and produce something in a degree of completeness:
'bibliothecam, magnam ce aliqua re peCUftam; BelltmtJC08
po88e conficere armata millia centum. Cres.
223. COGITARE, REPUTARE, PBRPENDERE, DELIBERARE;
SENTlltE. Cogitare, thinking: Mens cogitat, y. UI,
plura in unum cogit (XIX, 10., a.), unde eligere p08Bt. Varr.
Mihi visus est toto animo de tuis commodis cogita"e. Cic.
Reputare (see 94), to refleet repeatedly upon something
wbieh we eall back in our memory, thinking over: HtZC ilu
reputan8 et dies noctesque cogitans. Cie. Perpsft.
de r e, to weigh something thoroughly, to examine on a1l
sides: Cato diligentissime pe r pe n d e t momer&ta oJJici,orw&
omnium. Cie. Deliberare, to deliberate, to weigh J'eIUIODII
pro and contra, in order to determine one's self, with free
choice, as to a final resolution: Deliberat SeruBv&, captW,08
ah h08tibus redimat, an non. Ad Herenn. hte 8tatuerat et
deliberaverat non ades8e. Ce., eonclude upon after ma-
ture refleetion. Cogitare designates merely activity of
the mind; Sentire, 94, too determination of judgment or
opllion by the moral feeling: Orator p"",estiget, quid ii
/&omines, quibus aliquid dicando persuadere velit, cogiteftt,
8 e ft tia n t, opinentur, uspectent. Cie. Omnia de re publica
priUlara atque egregia 8 e ft ti r e. Id.
224. COGNOSCERE, AGNOSCBRB, DIGNOSCERE. Cog"ol-
cere, to become aequainted with, to know something by cer-
lan marks of distinetion (in German, erkennen). c....
Illyricatl natione$ adire et regione8 cognoBce"s volebat.
Ces. Statilius c o g n o v i t et signum et mtmum 81Iam. Ce.
.Agn08cere, recognising something already known, oc-
knowledging: Deum agn08ciB ce operibru ejus. Ce. Di-
gn08cere, to distinguish something by known marks from
other things: Ut poS8em curvo dign08cere rectum. Hor.
225. COBIBERB, CONTINERE, COERCERE, COMPRIMBRE,
FRENARE, COMPESCERE, INHIBERE. Cohibere, keeping f.o.
gether, c10sely one to another: cMnem ,",do, brachium toga;
1116. qolaplnu. 229. Col_o
123
to take courage (tbat wbicb familiarly is ex-
,...-ed by plucking up a good beart, and very beautifully in
German by ennannen, to bring out tbe man in one's self, to
take courage and be aman); Continere, to keep together
by application of power from without: exercitum Ctl8trV;
. Tacitum continere gaudium non poterant. Liv. Se con-
tinere, to restrain fils of passion or strong feeling. Coer-
are, to limit, bring back to a smaller place of action, to
restrain withia proper bounds that which resists: amnem eztra
riptl8 diJllu.entem; cupiditates, seditionem.
to press together, repress, manus, vocem; to stem by. physical
force, to stop, to stem: seditionem, furorem. Frenare, to
bridle, restraio: equum, laying on a bridle: Clodii furoretl
allis legibus, nullis judiciis frenare poteramus. Cie.
Compescere, suppressing something on the poiDt of exceed-
ing measure and limit, violently or forcibly, and with judg-
meot not allowing it to become too large or too violent:
ramo, .fluentes. Virg., querelas, dolores; dissolutos .. mores vi
eompe,cere. Phredr. Inhibere, to stop, to keep back
aomething in ils course, tlight: impetum victoria; remo,;
ftCaIem remB or retro in h i b e r e, to row back.
226. COLAPHUS, ALAPA. ColapAu8 a blow
in tbe face .th c1enched fists; .dI p a, with the tia1 hand,
a box on tbe eaT. .
227. COLLIS, CLlVUS, MONS, JUGUM, TuMULtrS. Collis,
a hill, tha sides of which converge at tIte top in an arched
line; Clivus, the inclnation, inclining side of a hill or
mountain: In clivum Capitolinum erigunt aciem. Liv.
Mons, mountain, higher and steeper than Collis; Mon-
te" a mountain ehain, aggregate of mountains. JiJgum,
the yoke which unites two or more mountain tops; also a
ehain thus connected: Jugum cos monte, perpetu.o dorso
wer ,e jungit. Liv. Tumulus, a hillock, a natural or arti-
ficial small hill: In planitie erat tumulu8 terreus satis
grandis. Creso
228. COLOR, PIGMENTUM, Fucus. Color, color: Iris
trahens varioll adlJerso sale colores. Virgo Pigmentu""
dye, too body which imparts color: Adspersa temere pig-
menta in tabula. Fucu" sea grass, 8S dyeing atufr, and
rouge: Non fuco illitu." lIed sanguine diJfusus color. Cic.
229. COLUlIlEN, FULCRUM; COLUMNA, PILA, ANTE. Co-
lumen, tbe round, perpendicular support of the gable end;
tropically, the columo, the support: rei publica; Fulcr .....
,
124 230. Cominw. 233. ComititJ.
the support in general, especiaIly of the bed, bedposts: Pueri
nobiles ad fulera leclorum vescebnnlur. Suet. Col.ana,
the round eolumn, as support or ornament of a building:
Col u m 11 ce el templa et portiCt18 sustine1lt. Cie. Pi la, tlle
pillar, as support or against the waIl, not r o u n ~ but with
eorners, and of brick work: Pi 1 ce pontis. Liv. A 11 t a, the
door- posts: A n t ce sunt lalera ostiorum. Fest.
230. COMINUS, PXOPE. Cominus, also Commlnu$,
thrcatening near by, or in order to pick a qua.r,el, to come to
combat: Cum hosle cominus in ame pugnare. Cie. Pro.
pe, near, of the local situation: Erat in Italia bellum tam
pro p e a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit. Cie.
231. COMiS, HUMANUS, UXBANUS. Coms (Mmo), kind,
kindly, ready to serve, anticipating: Comes, benigni, facilu,
sunves }wmines esse dicuntur: qui erranti comter mono
strant viam. Cie. Humanus, humane, he who, in social
relations, proves aman of edueation, kindness of heart, and
weIl-meaning disposition toward others, benevolent, conde-
scending: Hoc ignoscere, est humanitatis tuce. Cie. Ur-
banus, one who has good manners and fine educatioD,
urbane, mannerly, polife, polished, opp. rustiCtl8: Hic tilA
coms, el urbanus, liberque videtur. Hor.
232. COMITARI, PROSEQUI, STIPARE. Com'tari, to ac-
eompany some one, going with or by the side of him; Pro-
sequi on aeeouut of honoring him, to go before him, but
following his movements (pro - sequi); Stipare, to accom-
pany one in multitude, surrounding and proteeting him: Paso
torem comitantur oves. Virgo Valeri"m decedentern do-
mum homines cumfavore ac Zaudibus proseeuti sunt. Liv.
Magnus eomitatus fuit regiw, cum amicorum, tum satel.
litum turba stipante. Liv.
233_ COMITIA, CONCILlUM, CONSILIUM, CONCIO, Co;rus,
CONVEN'l'US. Comitia, a solemn meeting of aIl Roman
citizens, in whieh, by majority of votes, resolutions were
passed respeeting the eleetions of priests and magistrates,
laws and punishments fol' highly penal erimes: TenetiB eo-
mi tia eenturiata el tributa cuMata tnntum auspiciorum cau8Cl
remanaerunt. Cie. Concilium, a meeting of pan of the
people eaIled (calare) together: Is, qui noa universum popu-
Zum, sed partem aliquam adessejubet, non comiHa, sed C01l-
cUium edicere debet. GeIl. Consilium, a meeting of a
number of men deliberating jointly and for eommon interest:
Senatw est eonalium publicum. Concio,!l meeting
234. Commemoratio. 237. Commiamra. 126
called together 10 hear something: Consul advocat concio-
1Iem: habet orationem. Cie. Dimiasa condone, consl.
Zum kabitum, omnibusne copiia Lucenam premerent. Liv.
Cmtu" a multitude eonvened for purpose or other:
Solemnes e m t u 11 ludorum. Cie. Con ven t u s, a meeting,
inasmueh as it assembles at a certain place: SyraCUllani
jestos dies agunt, ceIeberrimo virorum mulierumque con-
"entu. Cie.
234. MENTIO. Commemoratio, the
mentioning of a thing, supposed to be known 10 the addressed
person; M en t i o, of one, of which the speaking person thinks
just now: Istmc commemoratio quasi exprobratio est
;,mmemoris beneficii. Ter. Casu in eorum mentionem ;,n-
cidi. Cie.
235. COMMENDARE, COMMITTERE, PERMITTERE, CREDERE.
Commendare, reeommending, to eharge sorne one that he
take eare of, or interest in, a person, aecording to the desire
of the recommending person; C o m m i t ter e, to hand over
the recommended person to tbe protection of another in con-
fidence in bis bonesty; Permittere, to leave a tbing to the
free disposition of another; Credere, 97, trusting sorne-
thing 10 another, convinced that he will correspond 10 our
confidenee, e. g. pecuniam alicui: lIle tibi moriens nos como
mendavit senea:. Ter. Homo vestrm commi"us At
fidei, permissu, potestati. Cie.
236. COMMBNTARI, MEDITARI. Commentari, to re-
Hect upon 8Omething, and thus 10 produee new thoughm, or a
new disposition of them: Futuras mecum commentabar
miserias. Ce. Hortensius erat memoria tanta, uf, qua se-
cum commentatus e88et, ea sine scripto verbia eiadem
redderet, quibus cogitaviaset. Id. Meditad, to think out
me81'l8 and 10 practise in order 10 obtain an objeet, to think
out 8Omething: Meditare, quibus ."erbis illius cupiditatem
rungtllll. Cie. Meditor esse affahil', et llene proce-
dit. Ter. .
237. COJlJlISaVILl, COMPAGES, COMPAGO. Commiuura,
the joint, groove, at the spot where two parta atfaehed to one
another join: Digitorum contractio facilia ?rppter mollu
commi""ras et artus. Cie. ComplJges, tlte joining of
closely attached parta of a whole, as quality: Species
la.pitjum compagibus arcum. Ovid. ComplJgo, the means
of joining, by which parta are kept together: Calam com-
pa,ine inter 86j1meti Ovid.
11-
126 238. Commodare. 241. Comp,.. ...
238. CoMMODARE, MUTUUlII DABE. Com.od .,.e, to
give something to another for his use, to ass8t him witb
something gratis; Mutuum dare, to give something in
exehange, i. e. so that it be retumed iD equal value, equal
quality; also with interest: JEdes amico ad nuptiaa cona-
modare. Ad Herenn. Egnatio magxam dedimus pecu-
niam mutuam. Cie.
239. COMMODUS, OPPORTUNUS, UTILIS; FACILlS. Co ...
mo dus, that which is eonvenient, comfortable o itself, always
so; Opportunus, eonvenient aeeording to eircumstances,
opportune, or by its situation and circumstanees, fOl tbe exe
cution of sorne plan: Urbs opportunissiflla port" egre
gio, unde terra marique, quce beUi U8U8 poscunt. suppediten-
tur. Liv. Utilis, useful, that which may serve as propeT
menns for a purpose: Cibus utilis cegro. Ovid.- Com-
mo dus, he who yields to others, kind, obliging: Commodill
e88e moribus. Cic. Facilis, traetable, yielding: Fflciles
nos ad concedendum habebit. Cie.
240. COMMUNICARE, P ARTICIPAltE, IMPERTIRE; COMMUNIS,
PuBLICUS. Communicare, to make something entirely
common with another, so tbat both have, enjoy it, 10 eommu-
nicate, not to retain it for one's self: consilia, evram mm
aliqu; Provinciam Galliam cum Antonio c01tlmunica"i.
Cic. Participare, to give a part of a whole to sorne one,
to make one share in something, and to be made to share in
something, to reeeive a share in a thing, partieipate in: Ser
vum mi participat consilii. Plaut. Qui alteN eatium
parat, pestem participat parem. Cie. Impertire, rarer
Impertiri, to assign a proper share: Salutem alicui and
salute aliquem, to greet. Indigentibus de re familiari i m-
pertiendum. Cic.- Communis, eommon, of whieh aH
have an equal degree of use or advantage: Res publica res
communis. Cie. Mare commune est omnibus. Plaut.
Publicus, belonging to the people forming a state, peculiar
to it, relnting to it:. Via, pecunia pub 1 i c a.
241. COMPARARE, COMPONERE, CONFERRE, CONTENDED.
Comparing, in order to find out the degree of similarity of
two or more things, is given by Comparare, discovering
the marks ot"equality of two things (par); Componere, to
place them by the side of eaeh other, in order to sea how Car
theyagree or disngree: Testes cum his legatis S8 comp.
rent, dignitati /wrum componant suam. Cie. Compo-
nere causam suam cum causa adver8arii. Quinctil. Ca ..
242. Compitum. 247. Concitare.
127
ferre, to bring them together, when they differ much from,
or are opposed to, each other: Parva magnis luzpe rectissime
conferuntur. Cic. Contendere, holding together, to
see whether they fit, if the latter is yet doubtful: Signum
recte comparebat; hujus con ten d i annulum. Plaut.
242. COMPITUM, TRIVlUM. Compitum, cross.way, place
where two or more roads join; Trivium, where three roads
meet: Ubi via competunt, tum in compitis sacrificatur.
Varr. In triviis aut in compitis auctionari. Cie.
243. COMPOS, POTENS. Compos, he who is master of a
tbing, -has power of mastering it, disposes freely of it, over it:
mentis and mente, sui, lingua, libertatis: Prada ingenti
compos e:cercitus. Liv. Compos designates possession;
Po ten s, powerful, having capacity of, and signifies that
whieh is aetually possessed, e. g. regni. Dum liber, dum
mei potens sum. Liv.
244. CONCAVUS, CONVEXUS. Conciivus, hollow of a
8urfaee, depressed in the central region, eoneave; a surfaee
which is capable of reeeiving, eontaining so"mething: Ventus
concava vela tenet. Ovid. Convexus, arched, of a body
which regularly rounds off from the central part, both of the
outer and inner surface: Cali e o nv e x a tueri. Virgo
245. CONCINNUS, ELEGANS, SUBTILIS. Con cinnus,
pleasing by symmetry and harmony, fitting; Elegans, by
choice, selection, tasty; Subtilis, 21, by preeision, accu
racy, and simplieity, fine; of expression: Virgo est con
cinna facie. Plaut. In oratione forma ipsa concinni.
tasque verborum conficiat orbem suum. Cie. Intelligo, te,
hominem in omni judicio elegantissimum, qUt1l me digna
putaris, coemisse. Cie. Subtilis definitio. - Hac subti
lis oratio etiam incomta delectat. Id.
246. CONCIO, ORATIO. Concio, a speeeh, inasmuch as
it is direeted to a meeting, see 233. Marcellus in castris
concionem apud milites habuit. Liv. Oratio, a dis.
course, arranged aecording to art and system, prepared for
publie delivery: Isocrates, orationis Jacienda et ornaMa
auctor locupletissimus. Cie.
247. CON - INCITARE, INSTIGARE, EXSTIMULARE; SOLlo
CITABE. Concitare, to excite together, to set one's self in
motion: multitudinem ad arma; calcaribus equum. Inci
tare, to excite that which is already in motion: currentem.
Cic. Instigare (to punch, prick), to excite, instigate vio
lently against something, to set on (a dog): canem in aliquem ;
128 248. Conclave. 251.' Conclimetatwa.
(in German, .hetZe1&); Age, si hic ftOn initmit ,al" lU4
sponte, instiga. Ter. Exstimulare, 162, to ba1'8S8,
driv one by a more acute means of incitement : jame. dicta.
S o lli ci t a r e, lo incite to sedition, rebellion, generally to in-
cite to something bad: Pausanias Helotes sollicitare spe
libertatis existimabatur. Nep. Servum ad Venen1l1ll A"ito
dandum spe el pretio s o lli c,i t a" i t. Cic.
248. CONCLAVE, CUBICULUM. Conclave, a room tbat
can be locked; Cubiculum, a room in which one may rest
on a sofa or sleep: Comprehensos concla"i ad quastionem
servare. Liv. Vir, quum Verres etiam cubaret, in c b i c ~
1 u m introductus esto Cic.
249. CONCORDARE, CON CINE RE, CONSENTIRE, CONGRUERE.
CONVENIRE, QUADRARE. Agreeing is given by Concor-
dare, if it means to harmonize in disposition, if tbe effect of
tbis barmony is cIear and visible: Fratres concordant.
Just. .Animi sanitas dicitur, quum ejus judicia opinionesque
concordant. Cic. Concinere, if actions and thougbta
barmonize with eacb other: Stoici cum Peripateticis re con-
cinere videntur, verbis discrepare. Cic. Consentire, if
the reason of tbe agreeing in tbe different subjects is consid-
ered, being consentaneous: Erexerat se civitas, in retinmda
libertate consentiens. Cic. Congruere, mutually to
agree in effect, to come to the same, the same bappening lo-
gether, to coincide: Forte congruerat, ut duorum civiwn
cades nuntiarentw. Tac. Dies mensesque congruunt cum
,olis lunaque ratione. Cie., they agree. Convenire, com-
ing togetber, fit, if tbe one arranges itself to the other: unum
in locum; CothuTnus ad pedem apte convenit. Cic. Quad-
rare, precisely fitting to a thing: Omnia in istam mulierea
quadrare apte videntur. Cic.
250. CONCRESCERE, COGI, COAGULARI, CONGELARI. Con-
crescere, to become thick, solid, to curdle, and congeal, as
now used by chemists; C o g i, 222, by an astringent sub-
atance; Coagulad, by rennet (coagulum) , or sometbing
similar; Congelad, by cold, congealing: Lac concre-
vit; Lac cogitur agni aut hadi coagulo. Colum. Lac
coagulatur in stomacho. Plin. Frigoribus oleum conge-
latur. Colum.
251. CONDIMENTUM, AROMA. Condimentum, spice, or
condiment, inasmuch as it g\'es a better taste to tood; Aro-
ma (ll.q01fU'), as substance, articles of spice: Cibi eondi-
mentum est james,potionis sitis. Cic. Aromata COfItIII.Q
el cribrata insperges. Colum.
-
252. Conditio. 255. Confonilere. 129
252. CONDlTIO, STATUS.' Conditio (condere, 2, 11, 3.,
not conilicio)1 position, which something occupies in reference
to that which surrounds it; situation, in which rate makes' a
person exist as a member of social union; generally, the
condition under which something exists or takes place: Ho
mines nos esse meminerimus, ea lege natos, uf omnibus telia
fortuna proposita sit vita nostra: neque esse recusandum,
quominus ea, qua nati sumus, con4itione vivamus. Cic.
Alienum appetis, qui mortalis natus con d i t ion e m postules
immortalium. Id. Con di ti o atque fortuna infimi generis
hominum. Id. Status, the state, circumstance in which
sorne one finds himself at a certllin period respecting the con
dition of his life, the present or actual state, condition of a
thing: Si, quo quisque loco nostrum est natus, aut, si in qua
fortuna est nascendi intio constitutus, hunc vita statum
usque ad senectutem obtinere debet; non gravior L. Cornelio,
quam multis viris bonis, constitu lex vita et c o l' d i t i o vi
iletur. Cic. De sta tu nostra dignitatis nobis non est rece
dendum. Id.
253. CONFLIGERE, DIMICARE, DIGLADlARI. Con fl i g e r e,
toO fight with some one violently, without reference to the
kind of arms, to be engaged in a conflict of arms, e. g. mtmtI
cum hoste; Dimicare, to wage a fight, at the peril ofbeing
overcome and beaten; Digladiari, to fight like gladintors,
with mortal arms, and for life or death: Equtes hostium
acrUer pralio cum equitatu nostro in itinere con fli:r e r u n t.
Cres. Dalia fretus numero copiarum suarum confligere
cupiebal, quoil, priusquam Lacedamonii subsiilio venirent,
ilimicare utile arbitrabatur. Nep. De sua potentia di
micant homines, periculo civitatis. Cic. C. Gracchus ru
nas et sicas in forum projecit, quibus digladiarentur
inter se cives. Id.
254. CONFUGERE, PERFUGERE. Confugere, 10 '6y to
sorne place, to seek refuge somewhere, flying to it, e. g. in
silvas, in aram, ad amicum, ad opem alicujas; Perfugere,
escape by flight, and arrive at a place secure against fUl:ther
pursuit: Jam Tarquinii ad Lartem Porsenam, Clusinum
regem, perfugerant. Liv.
255. CONFUNDERE, MISCERE, TURBARE, -PERTURBARE.
Confundere, throwing t o ~ e t h e r Una multa jura confun-
dit cocus. Plaut. Confundere vera cum falsis. Cic.
Miscere, mixing: Miscebat mella Falerno. Hor. Tur.
bare, bringing into confusion; stirring, making muddy: Limo
130 256. Confotare. 258. Ctmjugtll'8.
turbata aqua. Hor. Elephanti, petlitum aciem turban-
tes. Liv. Perturbare, to bring into utter confusion, tho ....
oughly to disorder and eonfuse: Civitas perturhattl. aedi-
tionibus. Cie.
256. CON - REFUTARE, REFELLERE, REDARGUERB. C o n-
jistare, to damp, smother, check: Cocus ahenum, qUllJ'o
fervit, confutat trua. Titinn. Confutavit verbi& iratum
patrem. Ter. Stoicorum argumenta confutare. Ce., 10
disarm them. Reftare, driving baek, preB8ing baek, re-
pressing: lllas nationes imperatores nostri re J u t a ,. d tI..
potius bello, quam lacessendas putaverunt. Cie. Te.tes re-
futare. Cie., not to admit them. Refutatio orationil
dicitur, in qua est depulsio criminis: confutatio est loco-
rum contrariorum dissolutio. Cie. RefeIlere, showing by
arguments that that whieh has been said is false,
Ita vivunt quidam, ut eorum vita refellatur oratia. cre.
Redarguere, eonvinee of error, untruth: Redargue -.
si mentior. Cie.
257. CONGIARlUM, DONATIVUM. Congiarium, a pres-
ent of oil, wine, salt, and the like, in kind or money,to the
poorer among the people, handed singly, and measured out
aceording to a eertain measure (congius), also to soldiera ud
favorites; Donativum, a present in money to the army, to
each soldier individually, on pculiar festival days, gratuity:
Virilis toga Neroni maturala. - Additum nomine eju8 ti 0-
nativum miIiti, congiarium pIebi. Tae.
258. CONJUGARE, CONJUNGERE, COPULARE, COLLIGABB,
CONNECTERE, CONSTRINGERE. Conjugare, YOMg 10-
gether, pairing, uniting by pairs for eoneord and eommon
burden: Amicitiam Bmilitudo morum conjugavit. Cie.
Conjungere, uniting for one purpose: Pan calamos cera
conjungere pIures instituit. Virgo Copulare, to unite
similar things c10sely together by a band, thong (copula):
Hannibal ita quodam uno vinculo copulavit milites SUD',
ut nulIa nec inter ipso., nec adversus ducem seditio ezstiterit.
Liv. Colligare, to tie together by a band surroundiog the
whole aod keeping it elose together, to fetter together: 1,
Lictor, colliga manus. Cie. Verbis colligare .enten-
tias. Id. Connectere, to tie together with a knot, eonneet
with sorne inner means of eoonexion: Ossa con n e c t u n tu,.
nervis et cartilagine. Cels. Constringere, to tie tightly
together, draw together with exertion: Constringe tu in,
mcmus. Plaut. Bellua constricta catenis. Cie.
259. Conjurare. 260. Conju. 131
259. CON.roIlARE, CONSPlIlARE, COIRE. Conjurare, to
UDite by a mutual oatb, to conspire against some one: Inter
66 fftiZitu conjurabant, Ifelfe e3C ordine non reCUlfUrOIl. LiT.
CatiliM contra rem puhlicam conjuravit. Cie. Conlfpi-
~ a r e to unite for a eommon endeavour, e. g. in caldena ali-
f1IIju: Conlfpirate nobiscum consentite cum bonis. Cie.
C-oire, to go seditiously togetber, make seditious clusters:
Nvllam Ifocietatem neque sceleris neque pramii cum homine
tillo coieras. Cie.
260. CONJUX, MARITUS - TA, PATER - MATERFAMILIAS,
MAs, UXOR, MATRONA, MULIER, FEMINA; CONJUGIUM, CON-
lfUBlUIII, MATRIMONIUM, CONTUBERNIUM. C o nj u:r, obsolete
Conjunx, eitber of tbe married pair, spouse, eonsort, united-
in mutual obligations (in German, Gemahl): Quis te casus
tjectam conjuge tanto e:rcipit'! Virgo Fideliuimam
conjvgem me prosequi non sum passus. Cie. M aritulf-
tll, busband, wife, inasmueb as eaeb one for bimself has and
exercises bis own rigbts and obligations: CorruptOIf Ifape
pravitatibulf -uorum m a r i tos. Tae. Hic (Ct1l8ar) castaif
jubet esse maritas. Ovid. Violataque jura marital. Id.
Paterfamilias, tbe fatber of tbe bouse and family, witb
reCerenee to bis ebildren, slaves, and establisbment; M a ter-
familias, tbe motber of the family and bouse, wbo, baving
by lawful matrimony been plaeed in tbe power of ber bus-
band (conventione in manum S. in potelltatem maritalem),
abares bis rights and is bis heiress: P a t r e If fa mili a s op-
taR/. jMoB ROIf rei familiari ma:rime set'fJire. Cie. M a ter-
fara'liall, qUa! in mariti manu mancipioque eIIt, non in
"";rIIOtIW", tantum, sed in familiam quoque mariti et in sui
ltIJredilf locum ."enit. Gell. M alf, male, according to sex, a
man as male being: BelltiIB alal maru, aliIB feminOJ
aart. Cic. Non me marem, Ifed feminam vicini rentw
use. Plaut. U x o r, the wife, inasmueh as she is matrimoni-
ally united to her busband for a physieal purpose: Uxorill
tlwaf01"fA4: tma matrumfamilias, eOJ sum, qUtZ in ma-
_ CtmvtmerrIII altera earum, qua tatummodo uxorelf
Weatt&r. Ce. Matrona, a free-boro, married woman,
who, not to place herself entirely under tbe power of ber
busband, slept annually for three l1gbts (per trinoetum) out
of tbe bouse oC ber busband, wiili too additional meaniDg oC
dignity and spotless reputation: Spectatal pudicitia m a t r o-
.tI el qua uni viro nvpta fois8et. LlT. Mulier, a woman
tbat is a marriageable being, wbether married or not, with
132 261. Consurare. 262. Consilium.
the additional meaning of weaknes8 and delicacy, want oC
protection, in contradistinction to vir: Philodami eue jilJtt&,
qua cum patre hahitaret, propterea q'UQd virum non 1uiber8t,
mulierem eximia pulchritudine. Cic. Mulieru OWIU
propter infirmitatem consilii majoru in tutorum p o ~
esse voluerunt. Id. Femina, a female, only with reference
to sex, and the opposite to Mas. - Conjugium, matri.
mony, as the union between spouses as man and woman,
male and female, bence used of animals: ColumbfB conj ...
g i i fidem non violant. Plin. C o nn u b i u m, legal matrimo-
ny, according to civil rigbts, since aRoman citizen waa
a\lowed to marry aRoman female citizen only; to marry a
foreign woman, it required tbe approbation of tbe p e o p ~ e
Con n u b i u m est u:r:oris ducendl1l facultas. Ulpian. M a-
trimonium, matrimony, lawful according to the law oC
nations, aecording to wbich a foreigner was allowed to marry
aRoman woman, but had no claim to tbe privileges oC the
connubium: Glaucon, medicus Pansl1l, sororem Achi1ko8
nostri in matrimonio habet. Cic.,of freed sIaves. Con-
tubernium, tbe matrimonial eonnexion among slaves, also
concubinage, tbat is, enduring connexion without lawful mar-
riage: Vespasianus post UJ:orB excessum Cl1lnidem, Antotaics
libertam, revocavit in con t u b e r n i u m, habuitque peM juatd
u:r:orB loco. Suet.
261. CONSECRARE, DEDICARE, INAUGURARE. Coa.ecra-
re, withdrawing from common use and destining to the godI,
to make sacred, consecrate, e. g. candelabrum JOJJi 'Ojtlo
Maximo. Cie. Omne fere genus bestiarum lEgyptU co au
craverunt. Id., i. e. adored. Dedicare, to conaecrate
something as something holy (consecratum) to a deity, espe-
cially which, respecting temples, was performed by one or
two magistrates in presence of tbe Pontifex ma.t:IIuI, who
cited to tbem the formula of dedication: Horatius cotUIIl, te-
nens postem, precationem peragit el de d i c a t templum (J",,"
in Capitolio). Liv. Inaugurare, to consecrate (Germ.
einweihen), after the auspices have been cOlSulted: Auguru
jussi adesse, locumque inaugurare, ubi auspicato cum po-
pulo agi posset. Liv.
262. CONSILlUM, PRlECEPTUM; CONSULERE, CoNSULTAD,
DELIBERARE. - Consilium is the result of rational reBec-
tion, wbich weighs every thing well (ratio, 190), and wbicb
we communicate to otbers Cor free use; good counsel, Ol a
measure followed by U8; tbe maxim or principie, as ground
263. Consobrinus. 264. Consar,. 133
oC a rational mode of acting: In capiendo consilio pro-
dentia, in dando fides requiritur. Cic. Con sil i u m est
aliquid faciendi non faciendive excogitata ratio. Id. Pra-
ceptu., the precept, the rule gven for a mode of action,
and whieh ought to be foJlowed: Ul simus ii, qui haberi
elimus, pracepta danda sunt. Cc .. Longa oblivia Bri-
mnia etiam in pace fueront. Con 8 i 1 i u m id Divus Au-
gustus vocabat, Tiberius pracept7tm. Tac. Political expe-
diency, politieal maxim, principIe. Con s 1 e r e, to seek the
best; aliquem, with sorne one, i. e. asking his advice; alicui,
for sorne one, take measures in his behalf, sibi, S7ta saluti,
pac; in aliquem, taking mensures against sorne one: Per
literas te e o n s u 1 u i, quid miJi faciendum eenseres. Cie. In
humiliores libidinose crudeliterque con.sulebatur. Liv.
Consultare, to deliberate with one's self or others: Civi-
tates de bello eonsultabant. Creso Deliberare, freeing
something of objections, to reBect upon something and resolve
aceordingly: Distrahitur in del i b e r a n d o animus affert.
que ancipitem curam eogitandi. Cie. Iste certe statuerat
atque deliberaverat non adesse. Id. Consili7tm fidele
deZiberanti dare. Id., deliberate with another upon one's
petition, desire, that which we have in view.
263. CONSOBRINUS, SOBRINUS. Con s o b T n i, children
oC brotbers and sisters, issue of actual sisters and brothers;
Sobrit"II, the same in the second degree, second eousin:
Sequa;atur fratrum eonjunctiones, post e o n s o b r in o r u m
.obrinorumque. Cie.
264.. CONSORS, P ARTICEPS, SOClUS, POPULARIS; EXSORS,
ExpERs, IMMUNIS. Consors, who participates in sorne-
thing before it is divided, such as brothers and sisters in the
paternal inheritance; he who has the same lot (sors), a
feUom-fated being: Fratres consortes sunt mendicitatis.
Cie. Partieeps, who participates in something, receives a
share, e. g. pradcB ac pramiorum. So cius, 114, fellow:
BeUi soeius et adjutor; socius et consors gloriosi la-
boris. Cie. Popularis, belonging as member to a social
. union, or union for any purpose, e. g. conspiracy: Po pul a-
res conjurationis. SaIL, are the real members of a conspir-
acy; participes. Ce., those who joned in the undertakng
oC the eonspirators, supported, aided them, particpated in
their guilt. - Exsors, he' who has no share, no part in
something, e. g. culpa, amicitia frederisque. Liv. Expers,
he wbo does not take, or has no share in it: pramiorum
12

134 266. Constans. 266. Consuetudd.
kumanitats. Immunis, he who has nol
the burdens in common (con-muns, in-muns) with othen,
free of service, e. g. militia: Immunes OP,ervm famu-
liz. Ovid. Siculi agros immunes arant. Cic., free, of
taxes.
265. CONSTANS, FIRMUS, STABILIS, SOLlDU8. Con-
,tans, remaining the same, constant, not changeable, valiant,
that is, not changing by way of fear, to be of consistency of
character: Stellarom cur8'U8 certi et constantes. Cic. Vo-
luntas in rem puhlica1n perpetua atque constans. Id. Fir-
mus (ferre, XI, 3.), firm, that which can resist externa)
attacks and repel them, that which cannot be shaken, hence
of finnness of character: 7remens el nondum poplite firmo
constitit. Ovid. Nondum 'atis firmo corpore C8se. Cie.
Stabilis, standing firm, that whieh remains as it stands,
unchangeable, stable: Navs velut medio IItabilis sedet
insula ponto. Ovid. Amici sunt firmi el IItabilu el
constantes eligendi. Cie., trustworthy, unchangeable, and
remaining in their disposition the same. S o li d V8, massive
and firm, solid, fast, genuine, something w,hich by ita natare
is a c10sely eompressed mass: Columna solida, nec' u:tri,..
secus inaurata. Cie. S o lid a laua vcraque. Id., no sham
praise, no eompliment, but genuine, solid praise.
266. CONSUETUDO, Mos, MORES, USUS. Cons."t.do,
custom, i. e. a mode of action which by repetition and prac-
tice has become dear to us: Quadam jura e:I: utilitotU ra-
tione in consuetudinem veneront. Cic. Mos, the eustom
(German Sitte), i. e. a mode of action (relating of COUI"!Ie to
free actions), which by long time has become a rule, usage:
Philodamus negavit, m o r i s eSlle GrtBC01'1Im, ut in confJRno
virorom accumbcrent mulieres. Cic. Mos majorarn (ancient
usage, in German Hcrkommen, literalIy, the coming down,
that which has come down). Consuetudo, is that whieh
is done by the multitude or majority; Mos, that which has
been done since a distant period, for a long time; both dift'er
foom Ritus, 160. Mores, tbese forms of free actioos, inas-
much as tbey correspond more or less with the laws of moral-
ity, poopriety, and decorum in social intercourse (in German,
Sitten, in French, mamrs; we have no word for it in English,
and must say custom, habits, and manners, and yet it does
not express the idea): Civitattim Gr(Ecorum more, lapri
ad mollitiem. Cic. Usus, use, repeated practice or applica-
tion, repeated intercourse witb some one, inasmuch as we
26'7. Contaminare. 270. COfItipu. 135
make use of him: Dicendi omn'is ratio communi quodam in
us. atque in homi71um more el sermone vertatur. CiCl.
Longo cognitus u s u. Ovid.
267. CONTAMINARE, INQUINARE, POLLUERE, SPURCARE,
CONSPURCARE. Contaminare, to soil by iniquitous touch,
e. g. se civium sanguine; veritatem mendacio. Inquinare,
to soil with dirt which Ildheres from without: Mihi sunt ma
RUS inquinata, quia ludo luto. Plaut. Polluere, to poI.
lute, i. e. make impure, espccially that which is holy, with sin
or crime: Pollui cuneta sanie, odore, comactu. Tac. Di-
vina atque Itumana jura scelere nefario po 11 u ere. Cic.
Spurcare, lo cover with filth, lo render impure or dirty
with something disgusting: :)upersiliens avis proluvie ventris
cibas et aqttam conspurcat. Colum.
268. CONTEMTUS, VILIS, ABJECTUS. Contemtus, con
temptible, in as far as we consider something not worthy of
attention, or to be rejected; Vi lis, inasmuch as we ascribe
liule value lo it; Abjectus (thrown away), inasmuch,1UI it
is considered entirely worthless: Contemtissimorum Con.
sulum levitas. Cic. Etiamsi honos ROster vobis vi1ior foit,
salus certe cara erit. Id. Homo Roma contenttus et abo
jectus. Id.
269. CONTENDERE, CERTARE, DECERNERE, DECERTARE,
DEPUGNARE. To 6ght, struggle witb arma, 6819, or words, 8
Contendere, if it be done with the exertion of the whole
strength: Verbis inter nos contendimus, non pugnis. Ce.
Certare, if emulation, too mutual endeavour to surpass the
other is lo be expressed: armis de principatu: Consul par
simonia et vigiliis et labore cum ultimis mi1itum certabat.
Liv. Decernere, if the 8truggle is allowed to come to an
end, lo a decision, by sorne procedure, directed by sorne rea
son (de-cernere) or other, generally by arms: Gladiatorium
vita certamen ferro decernitur. Cic. Decertare, to be
one's self the struggling party, and lo bring it to nn end by
s\Vord or word: Quum tempus necessitasque postu1at, decer.
tandum manu est. Cic. Expetenda est magia decernen.
di ratio, quam decertandi fortitudo. Id. Depugnare.
10 figbt n fisticuff, lo bring a S1ruggle lo an end by the fist:
Ulrinque copia ita parata ad depugnandum sunt, m,
utercunque vicerit, non sit miron, foturum. Cic.
2iO. CONTIGUUS, CONTINENS, VICINUS, FINITIMUS, CON.
P'INIS, CONTERMINUS; VICINlA, CONFINIUM. Contiguus,
touchingone another: Domus contigua. Continens,
134 266. Constans. 266. Consuetlldd.
beneJiciorumque; humanitatis. lmmunis, he who has nol
tbe burdens in common (con-munis, in-munis) with othel'lJ,
free of l!erviee, e. g. milititi: lmmunes op.erwm famu-
la. Ovid. Siculi agros immunes arant. Cie., free of
taxes. .
265. CONSTANS, FIRMUS, STABILIS, SOLlDUS. Con-
stans, remaining the same, eonstant, not ehangeable, valiant,
that is, not ehanging by way of fear,1o be of eonsistency of
eharaeter: Stellarum cursus certi et constantes. Cie. Vo-
luntas in rem publica!n perpetua atque constans. Id. Fir-
mus (ferre, XI, 3.), firm, that whieh can resist externa)
attaeks and repel them, that whieh eannot be shaken, bence
of firmnese of character: 7remens ce noMum poplite firmo
constitit. Ovid. Nondum satis firmo corpore esse. Cie.
Stabilis, standing firm, that whieh remams as it stands,
unehangeable, stable: Navis velut medio stabilis sedee
nsula ponto. Ovid. Amici BUnt firmi et stabiles ce
con s tan t e s eligendi. Cc., trustworthy, unchangeable, and
remaining in their disposition the same. Solidu8, massive
and firm, solid, fast, genuine, sometlling w.hich by ita nature
is a closely compressed mase: Columna s o 1 ida, nee u:trin-
secua inaurata. Cie. S o 1 ida laus veraque. Id., no sham
praise, no compliment, but genuine, solid praise.
266. CONSUETUDO, Mos, MORES, USUs. COfls.etudo,
custom, i. e. a mode of action which by repetition.and. prac-
tice has become dear to us: Quadam jura ez militaN ra-
tione in consuetudinem venerunt. Cic. Mos, the custom
(German Sitte), i. e. a mode of action (relating of COUI"8e 10
free actions), which by long time has become a rule, usage:
Philodamus negavit, moris esse Gracorum, ut in convRno
virorum accumberent mulieres. Cic. Mos majorwn (aneient
usage, in German Herkommen, literaUy, the coming down,
tbat which has come down). Consuetudo, is that which
is done by the multitude or majority; Mos, that which has
been done since a distant period, for a long time; both diffur
from Ritus, 160. Mores, these fonnsoffree actions,inas-
much as they correspond more or less witb the laws of moral-
ity, propriety, and decorum in social intercouree (in German,
Sitten, in French, mlllUrs; we have no word for it in Englisb,
and must say custom, habita, and mannere, and yet it does
not express the idea): Civitatm Gracorum m o r e s lo.psi
ad mollitiem. Cic. Usus, use, repeated practice or appUca-
lion, repeated intercourse witb sorne one, inasmuch as we
267. Contaminare. 270. Cmatiguua. 135
make use of him: Dicendi omnis ratio communi quodam in
usu alque in hominum more el sermone vertatur. Ce.
Longo cognilus usu. Ovid.
267. CONTAMINARE, INQUINARE, POLLUERE, SPURCARE,
CONSPURCARE. Contaminare, to soil by iniquitous toueh,
e. g; se civium sanguine; veritatem me.ndacio. Inquinare,
to soil with dirt which nuheres from without: Mihi sunt ma-
nus inquinata, quia ludo luto. Plaut. Polluere, to pol-
lute, i. e. make impure, especially that whieh is holy, with sin
or crime: Po II u i cuneta sanie., odore, contaclu. Tac. Di-
vina atque Itumana jura scelere nefario polluere. Cie.
Spurcare, to cover with 6.1th, 10 render impure or dirty
with something disgusting: avis prolwie "entris
cibos et aquam conspurcat. Colum.
268. CONTEMTUS, VILIS, ABJECTUS. Contemtus, eon-
temptiLle, in as far as we consider something not worthy oC
attention, or to be rejected; Vi lis, inasmueh as we ascribe
little value to it; Abjectus (thrown away), inasmueh-88 it
isconsidered entirely worthless: Contemti88imorum Con-
sulum levitas. Cie. Etiamsi honos nDster vobis vi li o r foil,
salua certe cara erit. Id. Homo Roma contemlus el ab-
jeclus. Id.
269. CONTENDERE, CERTARE, DECERNERE, DECERTARE,
DEpUGNARE. To 6ght, struggle witb arms, 6s18, or word!, 8
Contendere, if it be done with the exertion of the whole
streDgth: Verbis inter nos contendimus, non pugnis. Cie.
Certare, if emulation, tile mutual endeavour to surpass the
other is to be expressed: armis de principatu: Consul par.
simonia et vigiliis et labore cum ultimis militum ce r t a b a t.
Liv. Decernere, if the struggle is allowed to eome to an
end, 10 a decision, by some procedure, directed by sorne rea-
son (de - cernere) or other, generally by arms: Gladiatorium
l'ita certamen ferro decernitur. Ce. Decertare, to be
one'a self the struggling party, nnd 10 bring it 10 an end by
sword or word: Quum tempus neces8tasque postulat, decer-
tandum manu esto Cie. E:r:pelenda est magia decerne,..
di ratio, quam decertandi fortitudo. Id. Depugnare.
lo figbt a fistieuff, to bring a struggle to an end by the 6st:
Ulr-inque copia ita parata ad depugnandum sunt, ut,
utercunquevicerit, non sil mirum futurum. Cie.
270. CONTIGUUS, CONTINENS, VICINUS, FINITIMUS, CON-
FINIS, CONTERMINUS; VICINU., CONFINIUM. Contiguus,
touehing one another: DomUII contigua. Continenl,
136 271. Continue.
connected with something, e. g. aer mari: Cappadocia parl
ea, qua cum Cilicia con t i n e n s esto Cic. Vi ci n u s, prop-
erly, belongng to the same vicus, row of houses, neighbour-
ng, of the nearness of all relations in space, dwelling, prop-
erty, position: Arriua proximua est vi ci n u s. Cie. Via
vi ci n a domus. Ovid. The joning of the Iimits, frontiers,
as mathematical line of dvison, respeetng surfaees (campi,
agri, fundi), is expressed by Fini timus, situated on the
fronter, bordering on: Finitima civitates. Liv. CO'Rfi-
nis, to be eontiguous to (adjaeent), if two surfaces are di-
vided by a eommon limit (con - finis): Cataonia jacet supra
Ciliciam, confinis Cappadocia. Conterminus, joining
by a eommon goal or end, poetieaI: Ardua morus erat, ge-
lido contennina fonti. Ovid. lEthiopia lEgypto con-
termina. Plin. - Vicinia, neighbourng eountry, plaees,
dwellings, with their persons and things: Mulier commigra-
vil huc vicinia. Ter. Confinium, frontier divsioo, that
wheh divides fields: Arbores in confinio nata in utroque
agro serpunt. Varr.
271. CONTINU, STATIM, CONFESTIM, ACTUTUM, ILLIco,
PROTINUS, REPENTE, SUBITO, EXTEMPLO, Ex TEMPORE.
Continuo (see 116.), immediately after: Ign in aquam
conjectus continuo restinguitur. Cie. Statim, 00 tbe
spot, without first doing something eIse: Literas scripsl,
statim ut tuas legeram. Cie. Confestim, right away,
expresses rapidity: Mulier confestim huc advoZavit. Cie.
Actutum (as if it had been done already), without a roo-
ment's hesitation, quiok, used of rapid movement: Aperite
aliquis actutum ostium! Ter. IUico (in loco), on the
spot, at once: Simul atque suspicio tumultua, artes
"llico nostra conticescunt. Cic. Protinus (forward),
without delay: Fit protinus, hae re audita, w castMs Gal-
lorum fuga. Creso Repente, suddenly, so that we are sur-
prised thereby: Amicitias magis decet sensim dissuere, quam
repente pracidere. Cio. Subito, on a sudden, instantly,
sudden in its exstenee, without surprising us: In febrim su b-
ita incidere. Ce. Extemplo, at tbe moment, presently,
immedately: Erubeseit; quid fingat extemp lo, non habet.
Ce. E:; tempore, properly, aeeording to circumstanees,
as tbey require it; they, tberefore, may require resolution;
on the spot, not by way of preparation: Curioni minime mi-
rum est, e:I; t e m por e dicenti solitam ejfluere mentem. Cie.,
e:JJtempore, extemporizing. Expedire rem et consilium ez
tempore capere. Id.
272. Contumacia. 275. Conft"a. 13'7
272. CONTUMACIA, PERTINACIA, PERVICACIA, OBSTINATIO.
Contumacia, spite, which from pride will not yield to the
will or power of others, the unbcnding disposition, refractori-
ness: Vitellius libertum, ob nimiam con t u ni a c i a m et fe-
rocitatem gravatus, lanilta "endidit. Suet. Pe r t i n a ci a,
obstinaey in persisting in one's opinion, assertion, or way oC
aeting, which the pertinaeious person will not give up: No,
el reJellere sine perti.acia el refelli sine iracundia para-
tisumus. Cie. Pervicacia, perseverancein theendeavour
to earry something in spite of resistance, and to gaio too
victory: Hac per'IJicacia, tua et superbia coegit me loqui.
et '11m legi parueris, in vincula duci jubebo. Liv. Tand.
pe r v i c a c i a met inceptum om6ere. Tac. O b s ti R a t 11,
the steady perseverance in one's resoluton, from 8trength oC
charaeter as well as from obstinaey: Atticus preces AgripptB
taciturna sua obstinatione depressit. Nep.
273. CONVENIEN8, CONSENTIENS, CONSENTANEUS. Con-
veniens, eoincidng, fitting, designates uniformity oC deati.
nation; Con s e n t i e n s, agreeing, uuiformity of disposition,
of meaning, or signification, - bMB of things existing at the
same time (see 249). Consentaneus, conformably, agree.
ably to, uniformity of too relation between cause and etfeet,
or consequenee: Nihil est tam natura aptum, tam con"eni-
en, ad res veZ secundas veZ adversas, quam amicitia. Cic.
Status oratoris, ince88U8; omnisque motUB cum verbis ,enten-
tiisque consentien,. Id. Mors consentanea vita sa7l(;.
tissime honestissimeque acta. Id.
274. CONVINCERE, REVINCERE, PERSUADERE. Convino
cere, eonvincing, proving the truth oC a fact which has beeo
denied, with victorious evidenee, proving it upoo the accused
person: Epicuri errores. Cic. Si negem, me unquam istu
literas ad te mi88,e; quo me teste e o n v in e a s 1 Id. R e-
vincere, proving, with convincing counter-proof, tbe con
trary of an asscrtion, refuting: Crimina, revicta rehus,
verbis confotare nihiZ attinet. Liv. Per,uadere, persuado
ing, making believe by representations and reasons': Hoa
mihi non modo conftrmavit, scd etiam per,ua,it. Cic.
275. CONVIVA, CoNVIV ATOR, COllVlCTOR; CONVIVIUIII,
EpULUlII, EpULlE. Con"iva (con-"'ere, living togetber,
eating and drinking together),tbe guest at any meal, or tbe
invited person; e o n v i v a t o r (convivan, to hold a banquet),
the host who gives a feast, banquet; Convicto", one who
lives and has intercourse witb another, anta and drinks witb
12-
138 276. Copia. 278. CorUs.
him: Soliti sunt in epulis canere e o n vi '11 a. de ela'l'oru1ll
hominum virtutibus. Cic; Cama hospitia mei, seUi con 11 ~
t'atoris. Liv. Me Capitolinus con1Jiclore ff8U6 aaieo.
que a puero est. Hor.- Convivium, a social mear, with
social conversalon: Majores accubitionem epularem amico
rum, quia vta conjunctionem haberet, convivium nomina-
runt. Cie. Ego propter sermo1l.is deleclationem tempesti-
vis convi",iis delectar, nec cum aqualibus solum., &ed at11l
ustra etiam atate. Id., such meals 8S began at tbe proper
time of the day, i. e. at sunset, but also too soon (de die), by
daylight, and sometimes lasted longer tban usual, as at
family festivals. Intempestiva conviva is to be ascribed
to defective readings only. Epulum, the sumptuous dinner;
tbe eharacteristics consist in costly and abundant dishes and
expensive serving up, as the public dinners at public games,
triumphs: Quum e pul u m Q. Maximus populo Romano da-
reto Cie. Epulce, properly choice and costly dishes, henee
a magnifieent, large banquet: Epu.lce regum. Hor. Ita
illd e pul u m est funebre, ut munus sit ftt/4eris, e pul ti':
quidem ipscej dignitatis. Cic., like Dape$.
276. COPIA, ABUNDANTIA, UBERTAS. Copia, stores,
quantity and suffieiency of any t i n ~ f9f use, opp. inopia:
Rerum copia verborum copiam g'tit. Cie. Abundan-
tia (see 10.), abundanee, if there is more than necessary:
Circumjluere omnibu$ copiis atque in omnium rerum abun-
. dan tia vivere. Cie. Ubertas, plenty, the plentiful exist-
ence of an)' thing, without reference to its use: Ram bacca-
rllm ubertate incurviscunt. Cic., luxuriancy. .
277. COQUERE, TORRERE, FRIGERE; ELlXUS, Assus.
C o q u e r e, eooking, e. g. cibaria, camam; in general soften-
ing by heat and preparing for use: panem, lateres (baking.
burning); aurum, plumbum, ferrum, melting; cibum con c 0-
quere, to digesto Torrere, to dry a juicy or moist body
by heat, to toast, to bake, as fruits: igni fruges; terram so-
lis ardore; caro tosta, roast meato F'I'igere, to roast
dry bodies, roake thero less tough, fit to eat, e. g. hordeum.
cicer; frict ce nuces, roasted chestnuts. - E lia:us, boiled in
water: Allium coctum utilius est crudo, elixumque tosto.
Plin. Assu", stewed, done in its own juice: Carnem primo
4uam, secundo elixam, tertio e jwe homines uti CtBp8S6
natura docet. Varr.
278. CORBIS, FISCINA, FISCELLA, SPORTA, QUALUS, QUA-
SILLU8, CANISTJ.UIIl, CALATBUs. Corbis, a basket in gen-
279. Oorona. 282. Oorte:c.
139
eral, e. g. messoria. Piscina (jiscus, 43, XI, 1.; b.), a bas-
ket for fruits, also as form of the eheese; smaller than tbis
is the Fiscella: Fiscina ficorum. Cie. Fiscellam
texit lIiDisco. Virgo Sporta, a light basket, handbnsket:
Ecce redit sporta piscator inani. Martial. Qualus, a
basket for filtering oil, must, under the press, also
used for other purposes: Saligneus qualus, inversa meta
obscuro loco suspenditur: in eum congeruntur favi.
Colum. If the Httle workbasket of women is meant, qua-
si llus is used more frequentIy: Graviora repen.dit iniquis
pensa qttasillis. Propert. Canistrum, a basket, to be
plaeed upon the tahle with bread, flowers, fruits: Cereremque
canistris e:cpediunt famuli. Virgo Calathus, a smalI
basket for wool.()r flowers, in form of a lily, used by the Ro-
man ladies; it also signifies similarly formed vessels for
drinking: Vos lanam trahitis cal a t II i s que peracta refertis
vellera. Juvenal.
279. CORONA, SERTUM. Corona, wreath, erown, inas-
mueh as it is a round body and surrounds the upper part of -
another round body: C o ron a m imponere victori. Cie.
Sertum, a wreath of flowers, a garland, inasmueh as flowers
and leaves are attaehed to one another, and plaeed in some
order: Velentur Palatia sertis. Ovid.
280. CORRIGERE, EMENDARE. Corrigere, orig. to make
straight what is erooked (con-rigere, regere, rectus), correct,
improve what is defieient: Ea, qua corrgere vult, mihi
depravare videtur. Cie. Emendare, take off or out faults,
improve that whieh is faulty: Facillime corriguntur in
discendo, quorum vitia imitantur emend andi causa magia-
tri. Cie.
281. CORRUMPERE, DEPRAVARE, VITIARE. Corrumpe-
re, spoiling, rendering unservieeable, aeeording to its inter-
na! quality: Conclusa aquafacile corrumpitur. Cie. De-
p r a va r e, giving a ei'ooked, wrong direetion, and thus
disfiguring: Depravata crura corrigere, Varr. Nihil
est, quin male narrando posst depravarier. Ter., that
whieh eannot be represcnted in a wrong way. Mores cantus
duZcedine c orrupt e laque depravat. Cie. Vitiare,
to bring faults into something faultless, spoil something par-
tially, make faulty, vitiate, adulterate: Lues vitiaverat
auras. Ovid. Senatus consulta 41'bitrio consulum supprime-
hantur vitiabanturque. Liv.
282. COBTEX, LIBER, CBUSTUM. Oorte:c, bark, also the
140
283. Coza. 285. Crakl'.
outer, hard covering of some animals; Liber, the inner,
more delicate rind or integument: In viridi cortice fagi
carmina descNpsi. Virgo Obducuntur libro aut cortice
trunc quo sint a frigoribus et a caloribus tutiores. Cic.
Crustum and Crusta, the crust, a hard, dry rind of soft
bodies, e. g. panis rustici: C o r tic e obducuntur te.tudines,
ostrea, concha: crustis locusta. Plin.
283. COXA, COXENDIX, FEl\lUR. Cozendiz, hip, the ex-
ternal, elevated part with men and animals, under the weak
part of the flnnk, which elevation is formed by the C o za, or the
hip bone, in the lower eavity of whieh (acetabulU1JI), the glob-
ular part of the thigh bone turns; Femur (obsolete Femen,
Gen. Feminis, more common than Femoris), the upper par
of the upper thi$h, and the whole upper thigh: Augustus
coxendice, et femore, el crure (Iower thigh) sinistro non
valebat, ut sope inde claudicaret. Suet.
284. CRASSUS, DENSUS, SPISSUS. Crassus, thiek, used
of too large an aecumulation of parts, and disproportionate
eircumference <;ompared to length, henee fat, heavy in move-
ment, heavy, e. g. restis, sura, toga; Crassus et concretus
aer, qui est terra proximus. Cie. D.ensus, dense, if the
parts of a body are accumulated and occupy a eomparatively
narrow space, e. g. silva, ct1J8aries; Aer densu . Hor.,of
fog. Spissus, densely pressed to and aboye one another,
so that it is diffieult to penetrate: Spissa coma. Hor., in
close layers aboye one another. Spissum theatrum. Id.,
crowded. Crassus ager is a fat, fertile BOil; densus, a
compaet, sound sort of soil; spissus ager, a tough sort of
soil, in whieh tbe plough works heavily.
285. CRATER, CYATHUS, POCULUl\l, CALIX, SCYPHUS, PA-
TERA, CANTHARUS. Crater, a large vessel to mix the wine
wth water, from whieh, with tbe Cyathus, a small vessel
containing not quite two ounces, serving as ladle, the eups
were filJed: Novem miscentur cyathis pocula. Hor. Ves-
seIs for drinking are: Poculum, a vessel for drinking in
general, eup; Calix, a ehaliee, goblet, beaker; Scyphus,
a larger vessel for drinking, without foot or handle, generally
used by the pair: Scyphorum paria complura Verri data.
Ce. P a ter a, a shallow bowl or cup, for drinking, gener-
ally of eosily material or workmansbip: Patera poculum
planum ac patens esto Macrob. Cantharus, a large drink-
ing vessel, with ears and a body mueh bending out, a can,
tankard: El gravis attrita, pendebat cantharus ansa.
286. Creare.
141
Virgo Scyphus Herculis poculum est, ut Liberi patn.
cantharus. Macrob.
286. CREARE, FACERE, LEGERE, ELIGERE, DELIGERE,
CAPERE, DICERE, PRODERE, COOPTARE, SUFFICERE, :QESIG-
NARE, DECLARARE, NUNCUPARE. Creare, to make a choice,
clect, designates lawful election and appointment, and author-
ization for an office as result of free voting or deliberation :
Patricii coiere et interregem creavere. Liv. Romulus
centum creat senatores. Id. Facere, making, Fieri,
being made, the investment with sorne dignity or authority
without referenee to choice or eleetion: Te, Ser. Corneli,
prmsidem hujus publici consilii, custodem religionum, comit-
orum, legum, colleg(E facimus. Liv. Tribuni plebis, (Edi-
les, qU(Estores, nulli erant: institutum est, ut fierent. Id.
Legere, 178, to seleet (for one's self) with reference to the
qualities requisite for an offiee and the like: Pont!fcis Maz-
imi arbitratu virgines e populo viginti leguntur, GelI. Cen-
sores senatum perlegerunt: princeps in senatu lectu8
est P. Scipio. Liv. Eligere, electing from among a
number of eligible persons; J)iligere, with reference to
the destination: Ex malis eligere minima. Cic. Catilina
ad certas res conjiciendas certos homines del e c t o s habebat..
Id. Especial designations of elections are: Capere, 172,
taking, without reference to the agreeing or readiness of the
selected individual: Pr(Eter virgines Vestales Flamines qua-
que Diales, item Pontijices et Augures capi dicebantur. Gell.
Di cere, nominating, when one elector designates, nominates
the chosen one, pronouncing one to be such or such officer:
Consul Postumium dictatorem dixit; ab eo L. Julius mags-
ter equitum est dictus. Liv. Camillus ereatus consul col-
legam App. 'Claudium dixit. Id., he voted for him first.
Pro de r e, appointing, interregem, jlaminem: Nos Patres
sine su.ffragio populi auspieato interregem prodimus. Liv.
Cooptare, to elect as coUeague and receive him as such,
if one or a collegium (which see) elected a colleague or new
member: Ciceronem nostrum in vestrum collegium coopta-
d rolo. Cc. seil. Pontijicum. Suffieere, appointing a
pcrson in a place of another, who had died before the expira-
tion of his official term: C. Julius censor deeessit; in ejus
locum M. Cornelius suffeetus. Liv.-Designare, pro-
nouncing an individual, who has been already elected for the
respective office, n person elect: Consul d esign atus, was
the person already elected and proclaimed (renuatiatus)
142 287. Crepwctdum. 288. Crucere.
until be aetually entered upon offiee, tbe consul electo De-
clarare, declaring publicly one wbo bas been elected,
wbicb was done by tbe presiding person, 80metimes aIso by
the electing meeting, upon wbich the respective individual
was proclaimed (renuntiabatur) by tbe praco: Me 1mG
universus populus Romanus consurem Cie.,
by acclaim. Nuncupare, naming, designating by name
the eleeted eitizen: Te consulem designavi, et declara
etpriorem nuncupavi. Auson.
287. CREPuseuLuM, VESPER, Nox CONCUBIA, INTElIlPES
TA, DILUCULUM, MANE. Crepusculum, twilight. of the
evening: Inducunt obscura c r e p u s c u 1 a noctem. Ovid.
Vesper, Aee. Vesperum, Ab!. Vespere and Vesperi; rarer,
Vespera, tbe evening star (for whieh, Hesperus); tbe di.
rection toward evening, i. e. west, and tbe time of evening
(as in German, for instance, evening is likewise used for tbe
particular time of day, and tbe cardinal point wbere the son
sets, west): Usque ad v esperum pugnatum esto Cms. Epi&.
tolam de nocte dedi, nam eam vesperi scripseram. Cie.
No:r: concubia, tbe time of nigbt, wben one has laid down
to slecp, benee tbe name; N o.:i; in t e m p e s t a, tbe late nigbt,
inasmueb as it is a time unfit for business (properly, untimely
night): Con e u b i a n Q e t e virnm est in somnis. Cie. Re
pente, n o e t e in t e m p e s t a, servorum armatorum fit CORcur
sus. Cie. Diluculum, the time wbon it beeomes ligbt, day.
break: Quum ante lucem 8urrexissem, veni diluculo ad
pontem Tirenum. Cie. Mane, morning, tbe wbole time of
morning; as adverbium, early: Jam clarum mane !e7lestras
intrat. Pers.
288. CRESCERE, AUGESGERE, GLlSCERE, CREBRESCERE.
Crescere, growing, used of a eontinuous augmentlJ.tion from
within: Ostrea cum luna pariler c r e s c u n t, parilerque de
crescunt. Cie. Augescere, to inerease from witbout, in er
eumferenee, number, measure, or strengtb, or inereasing, inas
mueh as lhe outer inerease only is eonsidered: UVa et BUCCO
terra et calore so lis augescens. Cie. Mihi quotidie de
filio agritudo a u g e s ci t. Ter. G lis e e r e, gaining strength
impereeptibly, like glimmering fire, extending, imperccptibly
taking a wider and widcr range: Nec ultra bellum Latintlm,
gliscens jam per aliquot annos, dilatum. Liv. Crebres.
cere (see 194), becoming more and more frequent, more
and more strong: Crebrescunt optala aura. Virgo Fa.
ma crebrescit. Tac.
289. Crimen. 143
/"
___ 289. CRIMEN, CULPA, (DOLUS, NOXIA, NOXA,) DELIC.
TUlII, PECCATUM; CRIMINI, VITIO DAllE, CIlIMINAIlI, CULo
PARE, VITUPERARE, REPREHENDERE, INCREPARE, OBJUIlGARE,
Qp-EXPROBRARE. Crimen, erime, inasmueh as we eharge
SC?me one with it, the charge, imputation of a erime: -Ha
litera fidem Persei criminibus Jecerunt. Liv. Aeeusa.
tions, eharges which Perseus made against his brother, De
metrius. C u l p a, the obligation of restitution or paying
damages, or lhe liability to punishment, both arising out of
an aecountable offcnee: Cavendum est, ne major prena, quam
culpa sito Cie. With jurists, culpa is nn offensive aetion
inndvertently done, un offence unintentionally eommitted;
Dolus, 166, offencc intentionally eommitted, with maliee
prepensc; ]Y o x i (1, the obligatwn and aecountability on
aecount of injury done; N o xa, the punshment for the
same. Dclietum, properly, unlawful omission; the erime,
as punshuble deviatioll from (omission of) established law
and right: Quo delietum majus est, eo pama est tardior.
Ce. P e e e a t u m, an offence from thoughtlessness, folly,
inadverlenee, a sin or offence of transgression, opp. recte
jactum: Zeno recte jacta sola in bonis actionibus ponebat;
prave, id est, peccat a, in malis. _ Cic. - Vitio d are, "er
tere, taking something badly, accounling it as-fault, offence,
interpreting something unfavorably: Vitio mihi dant, quod
morte11' hominis neeessarii graviter jero. Cie. Crimini
dare, reproaching with, considering and charging as crime,
used of the accuser: Seiebat, sibi erimini datum iri,
pectt.mam aeeepisse a piratis. Id. Both these terms may be
used of actions entirely innocent in themselves; but Crim-i
nari is charging some one with something criminal in itself,
though this eharge may be entirely unfounded: Marius Q.
Metellum apud popul1l/l1t Romanwn criminatuB est, bellum
illum. ducere. Cic. Culpare, plaeing the guilt on some
thing, and therefore blaming it: .A.rbor nunc aquas c u 1 p a t,
nunc torrentia agros sidera, nunc hiemes iniquas. Hor. Vi.
tuperare (vitium, XIX, 3.), blaming something as faulty,
defieient : Cervus crurum nimiam tenuitatem vi t u pe r a t.
Phmdr. Reprehendere, properly, to toueh behind; lind
ing fault with some one for something, striving to prevent
him, by blaming, from similar offences or false stepa, and to
correet him: CCBBar temeritatem cupiditatemque militum re
prehendit. Cres. Increpare, reproaching loudly, to
attack one with loud words (hence the word), scolding: Cato
144 290. Cruciatus. 292. Cubare.
quum Pompeii in me perfidiam inerBparet, mulitUB eat
magno 8ilentio malevolorum. Ce. Objurgare, making re-
proaehes on aceount of a fault, rebukng, reproving, chiding :
Jurgare e8t, quum qU8 jure litigat: a quo o b j u r g a t U,
qui id facit juste. Varr. Objurgavit Cadium de incon-
tinentia intemperantiaque. Cie. O p pro b r a r e, reproac.
one strongly with something, to dishonor him, in the sense oC
placing opposite to him, e. g. impudicitiam; more frequently
is Exprobrare used, in the sense of selecting something
for this purpose: Egone id exprobrem, qui mihimet cupio
id o P pro b r a ri e r '1 Plaut. 18tae commemoratio quasi e a:-
pro bratio est immemor8 beneficii. Ter.
290. CRUCIATUS, CRUCIAI\IENTUM, TORMENTUJII, SUPPLI-
C I U ~ I CARNIFICINA. Cruciatu8, the pang; extreme pain,
asthatwhichissuffered; Cruciamentum, pang, as affecting
the sufferer, operating upon him; Tormentum, an instru-
ment (to distort the Iimbs) for the purpose of elieiting a con-
fession, torture: Confectus c r ti ci a t u maximorum dolonIfTI.
Cie. Non graviora sunt carnijicum tormenta, quam nterdum
cruciamenta morborum. Id. Supplicium, the severe
bodily inflietion of pain, corporal punishment, and painful
or violent capital punishment: Dabitur mihi 8upplici.",
de tergo ve8tro. Plaut. Undecimviris ad supplicium pub.
lice damnati tradi 8olent. Nep. Carnificina, the cham
.ber where the torture was applied, and the torment or torturo
ing which the executioner applied to malefaetors: Ductum Be
ab creditore in ergastulum et carnificinam e88e. Liv.
291. CRUX, FURCA, PATIBULUM. Crux, a cross in form
of a T, or of a crutch; Furca, the fork, and an instrument
in form of a V or Y, whieh was applied to the neck of maleo
factors, whose arms were tied to the thighs; criminals were
also crucified on it, with their arms extended; Pdtibul.m,
is the generie name for such an instrument of torture (made
of wood): In erucem tolli. Cic. In campo Martio cru-
c e m ad civum supplicium defigi et constitu jubes. Id. COfI&o
perit, nudi hominis cervicem nser furca, cOrpul virgia
ad neeem cad. Suet. Patibulum ferat, deinde offigat
cruci. Plaut. .
292. CUBARE, ]ACERE, SITUM ESSE. C.bare, lying,
supported upon something, resting in a lying posture, 0pp.
moveri: Catella collo (domini) n:r;a cubat, capitque 8OfI&o
n08. Martial.. J a e e r e, lying, low, from fatigue and weak-
ness, opp. 8tare: Diu ad pedea j ac.it .tral"", olnecrafll.
293. CuJJitus. 296. C"lmus. 145
Cie. Loeus j a e e t inter Apenninum et Alpes. Id., oC the
low situation. Situm e88e (sinere), properly, having been
1eft behind, Iying, being buried; of places, being situated:
.Eneas situs est super Numieium jlumen. Liv. urbu
Graea in ora sita sunt Asia. Nep.
293. CUBITUS, ULNA. Cubit",s, the elbow, witb tbe
lower arm down to the knuckle, inasmucb as it se"e8 for
pushing, lirung, supporting (cumbere). also the lower, stronger
bone of the elbow; signifying the bend at tbe elbow, or a
measure, it is cubitum with Jater writera: Cubitis depul-
sare de via. PIaut. Ter sese atto1lens cubitoque adna
leva"it. Virgo Gladii longi quaterna edita. Liv. Ulna,
tbe eIbow, inner side, witb the lower arm as Car as tbe outer-
most point of the finger, and the ell (which is derived from
ulna), as measure, yard (tbougb not meaning exactly tbe
same as the English yard), generally in the plural: Ulnis
amplecti; fovere in Prop. Bis ter u1narum to-
ga. Hor. ,
294. CULCITA, PULVINUS, PULVINAR. Cu1cita, a mat-
trss stutfed with wool, Ceatbera, or other light stutf: Colloee-
mus in euleita plumea. Cie. Pu1vinus, a pillow, boIster,
couch: Adcubans in convivio epistolam sub pulvinum sub-
jecit. Nep. Pu1v'inar, sofas orottomans (or any tbing Cor
lying down) covered with couches Rnd costly covera on tbem,
as they were prepared in temples for the gods at Cestivals Cor
supplication and thanksgiving (supplicationes), in wbicb case
tbey were called Leetisternia: Leetisternium per triduum
habitum. Se3: pu1vinaria in conspectu fuere: Jovi ac
Ju:n.oni unum, &C. Liv.
295. CULEUS, UTER, SACCUS. C",leus, a large sack, oC
Jeather: Parricidas majores nostri insui voluerunt in cule-
um vivos atque ita in jlumen dejici. Cic. was tbe
Uter, a skin for containing liquids: Aquam utri bus cameli
aevexerant. Curto Saccus, a sack for grain, money, oC
coarse linen, also made oC willow brancbes: Rlfundere s a e-
cos nummorom. Hor. Tenui vimine rarius contextus sac-
cus, inversa meta similis, qualis est, qua vinum 1JCUJtu;'.
Colum.
296. CULMUS, CALAMUS, STIPULA; AllUNDO, CANNA. Cul-
.us, the green, Cresh blade oC grain and otber gramina, in
too sense of the stem whicb beara the grain, tbe Cruit: Ne
gravidis' procumbat culmus aristis. Virgo Rarer is the
use oC C.,4mu, rOl' tbe Balbe, too blade oC grain as a tube:
13
146
29'7. Cultus. 298. Cuna.
Calamu, altior frumento, quam 1wrdeo. Plin. Stipula,
8tubble, the part of the blade which remains aficr mowiog:
Peragitur me8S8 8 t i pul a nunquam cubitali. Plin. - Cal-
amu" properly, thc thin, slender blade of the reed: Et
Zephyri, cava per calamorum, sibila primum agrestes do
cuerecavas inflare cicutas. Lucret. .Arundo, the reed
plont, and the thicker reed blade: Spe8 captat arundia/J
pisces. Tibull. eanna, small reed, rush: RadiCula tl/J.
generis arundinis, quam vulgus cannam vocal. Colum.
29'7. CULTUS, VICTUS ORNATUS, MUNDITIA, euZt ,
the tending of our living, life, by which our life receives
charm, in externals, or by the omission of which it 1088B in
agreeableness, henee ornamenting, magnificence, comforts,
tasteful arrangements, and the contrary of aU this: Viet ,
the manner of living in physical respects, designates not 0011
the sustenance and establishment requisite for physical ex
istence, but also the enjoyment of life in social intercourse:
Delectant etiam magnijici apparats vitaque e u 1 tu, CUIIl
elegantia et copia. Cic. Viden' tu puerum h,une, quem tQm
humili eultu educamus '1 Liv., the poor attention 10 a alave.
Parvo eontento8 tenuis victu8 cultU8que delectat. Ce.,
slender cooking and expense. - Cultus, therefore, como
prises every thing by which the whole exterior of the body
receives a finer or worse appearance, the dress, clothing,
from the meanest, poorest, to the most magnificent: Codrus,
deposita veste regia, cultum pastoralem induit. Vell.,ahep.
herd's dress. easarem etiam cultu notabilemferunt.SueL,
by dresS and ornamento Ornatu8, the ornament which by
splendor and costliness beatifies: Purpura eyri ornat
qlCtl Persicus multo auro multisque gemmis. Cic. Munditia
and Mundities, tidyness, neatness, which consists in a
careful removal or prevention of every thing that may soil,
atain, or injure the appearance of the dress iD plural, th
oeat, tidy dress as a whole: Munditia placeant: Bit beae
conveniens, et ,ine labe toga. Ovid.
298. CUIII, SIMUL, UNA, CONJUNCTE, CONJUNCTIM, PA
RITER. eum, with, together, one thing and the other, as
preposition, designates a coexistence, existing by one another,
opp. 8ine; Si m u 1, at. the sorne time Una, expresses the
heing together, in each other's presence or company, in the
sorne place, and participation in the same action Conjunc--
te, jointly, designates the mode in which one acta with
another Conjunetim, conjointIy, in community, ~ p r s s s
299. Cuna. 301. Cupere. 14:7
the social relation, opp. separatim; P adt er, equally, in the
same way, relation: Nihil est turpius, quam eum eo 1JelZua
gerere, quieum familiariter vixeris. Cie. Duas res simuZ
nune agere decretum est mihi. Plaut. Philosophari un"
eum aliquo. Cie. Mulieres in Formiano esse volui, el
una Cicerones. Id. Sulpieius eum Pompeio eonjunetis-
sime. el amantiasime vmt. Id. Viri Gallorum pecunw
ex lUis bonia cum uxorum dotibus emmunieant. Hujus omnB
pecunia e o nj u n e t i m ratio habetur, fructusque servantur.
Cres. Caritate non pariter omnes egemus. Ce.
299. CUNE, CUNABULA, INCUNABULA. Cuna, eradle (for
infaots); Cunabula, the ehildreo's beds, pillows, &c. io it;
ncunabula, napkins and bandages of wool or linen, in
whieh children were laeed: Cunarum fueras motor et PJJe-
ri custos. Mart. Aves, qUtll eunabula in t.erra faciunt.
Plin. Pueram nemo eolligare quivit ineunabulis. Plaut.
300. CUNeTARI, HESITARE, MORARI. Cunetari, en-
deavouring to obtain 1;1 Clear idea of somElthing, inquiring,
either of others or asking one's self, refleeting upon sorne-
thing, in order to find out that whieh isright, espeeially to
tarry, delay from irresoluteness, doubting and hestating:
Vos eunetamini etiam nune, qu.id intra mana deprehensis
hostibus faeiatia'! Liv. Cunetari diutius in vita. Cie.,
hesitating, thinking yet a long while wbetber one ought to
die. Has ita r e, stieking fast, e. g. in luta, being" bogged"
io the mire, bence to stop repeatedly, to be embarrassed on
aceount of insuffieieney of strength, eapaeity: Non hasi-
tans respondebo. Cie., ltesitating. Morad, delaying, tar-
rying, being retarded by circumstanees eausing 1088 of time :
Dum in his loCB CtIlSal" navium parandarum causa m o r a-
tur. Cres.
301. CUPERE, CONeuPIscERE, A DESIDERARE, Op-
TARE, VELLE, Ap- EXPETERE, GESTIBE, CUPIDO, CUPIDI-
TAS, AVIDITAS, DESIDERIUM, LIBIDO, ApPETITUS, ApPETEN-
TIA. Cupere, desiring, simply with referenee to tbe inclina-
tion of our BOul to obtain a eertain tbing; Coneupi,eere,
is stronger, desiring mueh: Nitimur in vetitum semper eu-
pimusque negata. Ovid. Divitias injinite eoneupiseere.
Ce. A ver e, having a desire for a tbing inasmueh as it
pleases, nterests: Valde a veo scire, quid agas. Ce., 1 should
like very mueh to know. Desiderare, longing for some-
tbng, mssing something; it expresses tbe want felt (the Ger-
man ,ieh ,ehnen), e. g. milites in pralio:
148 302. Cur'l
te oculi mei, qu:um tu esses Cyrenis. Cie. Optare, ebooeing
IOmething as good and advisable, wishing: TllUeo quum tru
optationes Neptunus dedissel, optavit interitum Hippo-
Zyti j1ii. Cie. Ve /1 e, willing a used only of manifesta-
tionofour will (in German wollen): Cupio qUtBviB.
Hor. A p P Il ter e, striving for something, taking pains to oh-
tain it, expressing endeavour; Expetere, striving forsome-
thing espeeially, peeuliarly, henee striving more ardently:
Alienos agros cupide appetere. Cie. Quod optabile est,
id esl expetendum. Id. Gestire, manifel!ting by gestures
and lively or violent signs one's desire: Quemadmodum vol-
eres, sic nostri animi, ttrbano opere defessi, gestiuRt ac
"olitare cupiunl, vacui cura el labore. Cie. - Cupido,
desire, as more violent passion, rather poetical; Cupidi'as,
desire, as quality: Opum furiosa cupido. Ovid. 1M.s:t in
mentibus nostrB insatiabilis quadam cupiditas' 11eri vi-
dendi. Cie. Cupidilas ex homine, cupido ex stulto R1&n-
vam tollitur: quod c u p' d ita s pars quadam sit temperatior
tkftuens ex cupidine. Lueil. vidilas, desire, as pass-
ing violent manifestation of our faeulty of desiring an object :
Senectus milli scrmonis aviditatem aurit. Ce. Deside-
rium, the longing (in German, &hnsucht): HorlensiuB
e:tstinctus prudentia sua triste nobis desiderium reliquit.
Ce. L i bid o, obsolete L u bid o, pleasure, that is, desire,
desire eoooeeted witb voluptuousoess; in plural, unrestraioed.
ungoverned sensual desire, lust: Res libidine, non ratiof18
gesserat. Cie. Libido est cupiditas effrenata. Id. Domi-
tas habere 1bidines, coercere omnes cupiditates. Id.
Appetitus, tbe longing, as state of our soul, the feeling of
a w!lnt, appetite: Dissimulare appetitum voluptatis prop-
ter verecundiam. Cic. Appetentia, the desire which strivea
to obtain something: Lactuca ciM appete1ttiam faciunt.
Plin., appetite for eating.
302. Cua? QUARE? CUR NON? QUID NI? Cur'l (for
cui re '1) why, inquires for the cause of an aetion; Quare '1
(qua re 1) on what aeeount? how: tbrough what? requires
explanation respeeting something, through whieh 01 00 ae-
count of which something has beeo done: &nex quum it
dormilum, .0Uem sibi obstringit ob gulam.- Cur'l-Ne
quid anima forte amittat dormiens. Plaut. lEschinus aliemu
est ab Mstra familia . ..:- Quare 'I-Amare occepit aliam.
Ter. - Cur non'l why not? inquires fOl tha reason Ol
object, why somethog has not been done; Quid ni-'l wby
303. Cura. 304. Curio"". 149
not? with the conjunctive mood, expresses surprise that
another does not see the reason, and an answer, ia
not expected: Sed cur non domum uxorem arcessis 'J-
Cupio: verum Me mihi mora est tibicina, et hymenamm qui
cantent. Ter. Nostin' porticum apud macellum hac dtUJr-
&'Um'J - Quidni nm'erim'J Id.
303. CURA, SOLLICITUDO; CURATOR, PROCURATOR; TuTOR.
Cura, the care, if our mnd is directed with anxious expec-
tation to a possible mishap; and if we either fear this or try
to prevent it; Sollicitudo, internal disquiet on aecount oC
a possible evil, expecting it with anxious soJicitude. Omnis,
qua me angebat, de re publica cura consedit. Cie. Qua-
nam s o II i e i t u d o vexaret improbos, mblato suppUciorum
metu'J Id. - Curator, he who is ebarged with tbe execu-
tion of a tbing, or tbe superintendenee over its administration,
superintendent Procurator, representative of the cura-
tor, ur who exeeutes sometbing by way of eommission:
Sunto adiles curatores urbis, annona,ludorumqucsolem-
nium. Cie. Procurator dicitur alieni juris vcarius. Id.
Nihil interest, utrum per procuratores agas, an per te
ipsum. Id. Curator bonorum, is tbe guardian, appointed
by tbe prretor, over the property of nn orphan of age (puber)
to bis twenty:fiftb year, of an in sane person or spendtbrift;
Tutor, the guardian over persons under age(impubes) to
tbeir fourteenth year.
304. CURIOSUS, DILIGENS, ATTENTUS, SEDULUS, STUDIO-
sus, OFFlCIOSUS: Curiosus, eareful in inquiry: ad inves-
tigandum; in omni historia. Diligens, be wbo takes
every thing aceurately, espeeially in dumestic economy, opp.
negligens: Homo frug ac diligens, qui ma servare vel-
let. Cie. AssidU4 ac diligens scriptura. Id. Attentus,
attentive, espeeially as to increase of property: ad decoris
observat ionem: P aterfamilias el prudens et a t ten t u s. oCie.
Sedlus, who gives himself mueh to do, and performs even
trifling affairs with tbe greatest possible care, sedulous; e. g.
apis, hospes: Sanctique pudoris assideat custos scdula SerR-
per anus. Tibull. Studiosus, one who zealously Cavors
sometbing or anotber, is useful to him, promotes him, e. g.
flobilitatis; espeeially, zealously devoted to the stOOy of
something: Venandi aut pila studiosi. Ce. Offi ci0-
8US, ready lo serve or assist, kindly disposed, obliging: Of-
ficiosissima natio candidatorum. Cie. [Offieious, as
now generally used, namely, of proffering importunely one's
o 13-
--
150 305. Currere. 307. CU""".
service, of busying one's self in matters tOOt do not Je.
long to l1S, with a view of rendering ourselves important, I
given in Latin by importu7&us, molestus, odio8U8, grtlf1, or
ljke words. Formerly tbe word officious was more Crequently
used in tbe sense oC the Latin officio8US.] _
305. CURRERE, RUERE, VOLARE; CURRICULUM, STADlUJI.
running, used of feet, wbeels, vessels, rivers, ex-
pressing a moton in a line, not necessarily swift, as we S8:y
tbe wbeels run very slow: Qui 8tadium currit, eniti et cm.
tendere debet, '" vincat. Cie., also currit ats, oratio.
Ruere, 156, running swftly, downward or on a plain, witb
violenee: Ccuarem ruere 7&untiant, et jam jamqw: IltUutJ,
ut:fogam Pompeii intercludat. Cje. At Nisus ruit in fMo
di08. Virgo Volare, flying, used of very rapid motion:
7&ton# celeritaa non contemnenda est: vol a 88 e tum, 11071
iter fecis8e diCaB. Ce. - Currculum, the race-ground
for rur.ning and the ebariots, such ground of any dimensioo,
orbit; Stadium, a distanee of one bundred and twenty-five
steps, and a Greek raee.ground of tbis distanee: Athleta 8
ea:ercent in curriculo. Cic. Currculum 80lis el luna.
Id. In 8tadio CUT8ore8 exclamant, qua", mazime pouunt.
Senee.
306. CURTUS, MUTILUS, TRUNCUS, MANCUS, CLAUDUS.
Curtu8, too sbort, designates want of requisite magnitude:
tegula, VaB, aupellex; Mutilu8, disfigured and worn off by
too mueh use, wanting in completeness of some parts., e. g.
finger, toe: Alces mutila sunt cornibua. Creso TruncuI,
mutilated, if whole extremities oC tbe body are wanting, e. g.
nose, ears, bands, arma.: Cynagirus Atheniensis non duabul
manibus victus, truncus ad postremum, dentbul
dimicavit. Justin. M ancus, deficient in respeet oC the use-
fulness oC single parts; especially of tbe lame right band:
. Qu imbeclltate dextra valiflius sinistra utitur, is non
"a, ,ea maneU8 est. Ulpian. Claudlu, lame in one oC
tbe two feet.
307. CURVUS, IN-REcuRvus, UNCUS, An-REDuNCUS,
PANDUS, REPANDUS, SIMUS, SlNUATUS, FALCATUS. Curo
11 tlS, curved, cropked, bent in a circular or similar curve,
e. g. arcua; Ineurvus, eurved in, bent in, from bove
down; Reeurvu8, bent in a backward curve: Curva Jal.
ces conjlantur in ensem. Virgo LilulU est incurllum el
leniter a summo nfo,:r;um bacillum. Cic. Hl1ldorutn mater
cornil1u in 8Ua terga ,.ecurlli.s. Ovid. Uncus, beot like
808. Cwtotlia. 309. Cut". 151
.
a hook, hooked, e. g. hamw, ancora; Aduncus, bent lo-
wards a thing, a liule inward; RBtluncuI, beot oock: Yo-
lucra aduncos unguu habBntia carne vucuntur. Plin.
Virgo adunco naso. Ter., with aRoman, curved nase.
Avis rostro red u neo. Ovid. Bestiis cornua aliia a tl u n c a,
aliis redunca. Plin., sorne bent forward, sorne oockward.
Pandus, stretched out, hent"out, used of opposite curves,
which aboye recede far from one another; Repandus,
having a wide curvature from aboye down, high arched:
Panda eornuajuvenca. Ovid. Lancibus pa.dis reddirr&UI
u.:ta. Virgo Delphini dorsum repantlum, rOltnma ,imum.
PIin. S. mus, hent up, pug-nosed, tlat-noseli: Sima capel.
la. Virgo Sin u a t u s, of the inner curvature of the p"',
like a sinus; Falcatus, hent like a sickle, the same cuna_O
ture al the ouler side: Lana sin u a t a in orbem. Plin. .Drm&
servat Juno sinuatam cornibus lo. Ovid. Falcata no-
I18sima eauda delphini. Id.
30S. CUSTODIA, CARCEB (CARCERES), ERGASTULUIII. Cu.-
t o di a, watch, e. g. canum; the place where the object is
watehtld and kepl: EmiUi e custodia el levan tlinclia.
Cic. Carcer, pI:ison, a public prison, and every place in
which one is kept 'prisoner: Carcerem tlindicem nefario-
rum ac manifestorum scelerum majoru esse voluerunt. Cic.
Quum carcerihus sese ~ f f u e r e quadriga. Virg., arched
places, fenced in, at the entrance of the circus, in whieh the
raee-teams were kept until the "sign of starting was given.
Ergastulum, the workhouse or prison on a farm, in which
the slaves were kept while working: Servum in Tusca er-
gastula millas. Juvenal.
309. CUTIS, MEMBRANA, PELLIS, CORIUM, TERGUS, ALU-
TA. Cutis, skin, the outer tegument of flesh with men and
brutes: Rana intendit cutem. Phredr. Membrana, mem-
brane, the delicate tegument of inner parts: Natura oculen
memhr-anis te.nuissimis vestitlit. Cic. Pellis, the 80ft
sItin, full of folds, as it appears after tlaying: Rana rugostJm
infiavit pellem. Phmdr. Britanni pellibu. sunt ve.tit-i.
Cms. Corium, the thick, firm skin, coat of animals, and as
prepared leather: Corium elephanti, bOl'I. Canis a corio
,.unquam ahsterrebitur uncto. Hor. Tergu., the skin of
the back, and the body part: Tergora deripiunt costl et
.,lcera nudant. Virgo A 1 u t a, 80ft and flexible leather,
prepared with alum (hence the name) and gall app1es:
Coccina mm 1,""", cingit a 1 ti t a pedem. Martial. Tboee
162 310. Damnum. 312. Don.
words are likewise used of plants: Putamine clauduntur __
CH, corio castanea. Crusta teguntur glanrlu, cut e _,.,
corio et membrana Punica. Plin. -
D.
310. DAlII[Nll'lII[, DETRIMENTUlII[, lNTERTRIMENTUlII[, JACTU-
IlA., INCONI\tODUM. Damnum, fine paid in court, tbe injury,
1088 one sufrers in a thing: Exercitum Cf1J8ar, duarum coltor-
tium damno, reducit. Creso Damnum dare, causing in-
l
ury, damage; facere, ferre, suffering t. Detrimentum,
088 caused by use; Intertrimentum,I088 on both sides:
Acceptum de tri m e n t U 111 sarcire. Cms., to replenisb, supply
tbeloss (ofsoldiers): Cartllaginiensu, quia pars quarta de-
cocta erat, pecunia R01Jla mutua IJUnlta, intertrimentum
argenti suppleverunt. Liv. Jactura, the 1088, voluntarily
sufrered (thrown away) to avoid a greater one, or to obtain a
greater advantage: Si in amicitia jactura re familiari6
trun! faci1tnda. Cic. In c o In m o d u m, 1088 brought about
by misfortune, vexations: Ineonlmoda in "ita sapientu
commodorl/.m c07npefsatione Zeniunt. Cic.
311. DAPS, FERcur,uM, OSSONIUM, BELLARlA, CUPEDIA.
Daps, rich, i. e. selected, delicate, and plentiful food; plural,
Dapes, a feast: Non SiC1tlCll dapes dulcem elaborabunt sa-
porem. Bor. Ferculum, a dish carried (ferre) on the table:
Augustus camamternis fe r e u lis prabebat. Suet., course.
Obsonium, food eaten with sometbing else (German Zu-
"ost), eaten with the bread, meat, fish, vegetables: Omnia
coemens obsonia. Bor. Bellaria, every thing which
tastes well (belle), thQugh OU r appetite is satisfied, dessert, as
nuts, fruits, (the idea 18 "something nice"):
Bellaria mellita. Varr. Cupedia, delicacies: Cupes
et Cupedia antiqui lautiores cibo8 nominabant. Fest.
312. DARE, DI'DERE, TRADERE; PREBERE, TRIBUERE;
DICARE, VOVERE, DEVOVERE; DONARE, LARGIRI, CONDO-
NARE, GRATIFICARI. Giving, i. e. putting another in posees-
sion of something of which we may dispose, is designated,
a. by Dare, giving, respecting the origin, the author who
gives; by Dedere, respecting the object of the action,or
him who is to have that which is given; by Tradere, baud-
ing over, respecting the transition of tbe thing from the giver
312. Dare. 153
lo the r.eceiver: Dominus da t servum in pi&trinum, he g i ~ e
lo bim a dilferent place of dwelling; dedit in pi&trinum,
there alone, aud in no other place, he ahall remain and work;
tradit, he hands him over to the overseer, tbat the latter
may dispose of him. Dare se victarl, voluptatibus, doc-
trina, surrendering one's self as voluntary sacrifice; se de-
flere, surrender as entire property, and with perfect resigna-
tion of free will; se tradere, to surrender one's self, give
one's self up: Totum hominem tibi trado tlellltlnu,ut aiunt,
in manum tuam. Ter. Tradere se lacrya et tristitia;
8e totum voluptatibus. Cic., designates the transition from 008
smte into another, from virtue to voluptuousness. - b. Dare,
giving, from a free, unrestrained resolutioo; Prabere, fur-
nish, alford, willingly satiafy the want aod desire of another;
Tribuere, communicating something, awarding, with the
express will that henceforth it he his property: Dare ope..
ram rei publicre, doing actual service to the state; prrebere,
allowing one's self to be used for that purposa; tribuere,
giving our whole service exclusively to the state. Dar,
alicui aures, lending our ears to sOrne one, being palient and
obliging to him : prrebere anres, silentium, lending our eu
with longer patience, designates a longer duration; ti ib ..
ere 8ilentium orationi, with lasting silence and attention.
Dare alicui suspicionem, giving suspicion to sorne one, be-
coming suspicious to him; prrebere, cau.oing auspicion,
giving cause of suspicion to another. - c. Dar e, placing
sorne one in possession, even though momentary; Dicare,
dedicate, consecrate, solemnly declare, that something shall
belong exclusively and lastingly to another; Vov ere, vow-
ing, solemnly promising something on eondition that one's
desire be fulfilled; D evo ver e, eonseerating something as
atonement to death: Atticus libellum mihi de d i t, ut da-
rem Cresari. Cie. Sabinus Tiro librum Mrecenati dicavit.
Plin. Dare studium agricolationi. Colum. Mere lmldi,
"el pope saluti tuum studium di c e s. Cie. Cygni Apollini
dicati sunt. Id. Attius NalJius vovissedicitur, si suem
amissrim recuperavisset, uvam se deo daturum. Id. Aga-
memnon qt. '1m d e v o v i ss e t Dianre, quod in 8UO regno pul-
cherrimum natum csset illo anno, immola1Jit Iphigeniam. ld.-
d. Dare, giving; Donare, making a present, i. e. giving
something of value, renouneing al! restitution or the retuming
of an equivalent; Largiri, properly, to empty itself or
one's self; giving away or rustributing on a large &calo
1M 313. De.
(German spenden), making vast presents, most f'requently
f'rom interest and political views, making large
among the people; Condonare, remitting, cancellng a
debt or punishment, as a favor to sorne one; Gratificari,
making one's self agreeable and obtaining favor by oblig-
ing services or presents: Milo munus magnificum dedertlt.
Cic., he had given a publie gladiatorial game to the people.
Munera ista, quibus es delectatus, fiel 'civibus tuis 'Del dJi&
immortnlibus don a. Id. Hortensio summam facultatem di-
cendi natura largita esto Id. Cupidi splendori& et glorita
eripunt aliis, quod aliis largiantur. Id. Meam animad-
'Dersionem et supplicium, quo usurus eram in eum, quem cepis-
,em, remitto tibi et condono. Id. Parvi de eo, q1lOd ipria
superat, aliis gratificad volunt. Id.
313. DE, DIS, SE, in eompounds. De, down, off, 1;
Dia, . dis, as in so many English words derived from tba
Latn or Saxon, or in eompounds not tobe found in Latn,
altbough the root Qf the word be of Latin origin (dismantle,
discountenanee, disagree; in many English words, however,
di. stands for tbe original de, as discharge). Tbc Latin d
answers tbe German prefix zer, designatng asunder, from
one anotber. Si, by tbe side, off to the side: Ded,ucere,
leading away, and leading to another plaCe, see 1; Did ..
cere, drag from one anotber, lead off from one another;
Seducere, lead off from the way, to the side, separate from
otbers, withdraw; henee seductus, remote; Diducere co-.
pas. Creso Me hodie seduteit sene:c solum, S60rsum ah
cedibus. Plaut.-Decolor, having lost its or one'$ color,
of indifferent appearanee, e. g. sanguis, species ms argen-
ti'De. Plin. Discolor,of different color: Evolat admSII
discolor agmen equis. Ovid. -Deliibi, sliding dO'Yn,
falling down, e. g. equo, de crelo; Dilabi, to tumble to
pieees, to flow int() various direetions and tbus to eease:
Navis 'Detuslate dilabens. Liv. - Deminuere, making
smaller, lessen by removing parts; Diminuere, making
smaller by dividing into pieees: De mina una deminu,
quinque nummos. Plaut. Diminuam ego caput tuum. Ter.
- D e m o ver e, removing 80mething from its place; Di m 0-
'D e r-e, removing from one another and to different places, to
remove from one'a presenee, separating:' Senatw censuit,
Messalina nomen et effigies publicis et privatis demo-
."endas. Tac. Dimovit Atilius Regulus ob,tantu pro-
pinquo. el populum morantem. Hor.,
814. Debere. 315. Deln11. 155
314. DEBERE, OPORTERE, Opus, UStlS, NEOESSB EST.
Dbere, owing sometbing to anotber, and benee being mor
alIy. or legally obliged' 10 return it, owing a debt, being
obliged by duty (German sollen): Debebat nullum numo
naum nemini. Cie. P1'cutitimus patf'itB non mimu certe,
quam debuimus. Id. Oportere, expresses a strong obli
gation founded upon duty, eonscience, or moral deeorum,
propriety: O por ter e perfectionem declarat officii, quo el
semper utendum est, et omnibus. Cie. Est aliquid, quod non
o por t e a t, etiam si licet; quidquid vero non licet, certe non
. oportet. Id. Mendacem memorem use opof'tet. Quinetil.
Opus est, it is wanted, it is neeessary, because a want, as
requisite or indispensable for the obtaining of sorne end or
objeet: Nihil Btac opus est arte ad hanc rem, quam paro.
Ter. Usus est, it i, requisite for the furtheranee of sorne
objeet: An cuiquam est usus homini, se ut cruciet1 Ter.
Ncesse est, it is absolutely necessary,of unebangeable
necessity founded in natural causes, sometbing whieh cannot
possibly be avoided: CtBSar castra vallo muniri vetuit, quod
eminere el procul videri n e c e s s e e r a t. Cals. Emas, 11(),..-:
quod opus est, sed quod necesse est. Cato.
31. DEBILIS, IIIIBEelLLus (IS), INvALlDus, INFIRns,
IMBELLls, ENERVIS .. Debilis, he wbo bas lost tbe use oC
sorne organ by old age, disease, or a misfortune, unfit for use :
Mustela annis et senecta debilis. Pbredr. 1Jebilem fa.
eilo manu, pede, co:z:a. Senee. Memoria debilis erat Oc-
lavius. Cie. 1mbecillus, later Imbecillis, weak, he
who sufl'ers from natural weakness: Marius et valetudine est
el natura imbecillior. Cie. Si gladium imbecillo seni
aut debili dederis, ipse mpetu suo ne7l,ini noceal. Id. Eam
superstitionem i m b e ci II i ani7ni atque anilispulanl. Id.
1nfJalidus, is he who bad at sorne otber time strength (va-
lidus), but who is defieient in it justnow, when he wants it,
incapaeitated (also of insuffieient strengtb, as a military post):
Camillus,jam ad munera corporis senecla invaldus. Liv.
1nfirmus, see 26, without firmness and proper inner sup-
port, weakly, infirm, e. g. capUt: Erant inJi1'mi ad resis-
terJdum propter pa1ICitatem hominum. Cres. CtBSar inJir-
naitatem Gallorum veritus, quod aunt in consiliis capiendl
mobilu el novia plerumque rebus student. Id., witbout eharac-
ter, without moral firmness, ehangeableness of mind. 1m-
bellia, unwarlike, unfit for fight: FemintB puerique el alia
mbellis turba. Liv. Vicimus imbellu ho.tes. Id.,
166
816. Decet. 317. Decidere.
~ o w a r d Enervis, enervated, lax, as consequence oC in-
dolence and dissipation: Fracti enervi corpare gres ....
Petron-.
316. DECET, CONVEN1T; DECENTIA, DECUS, DECOR, Dx-
CORUAt, HONESTUM, HONESTAS. Decet, it is proper, meel,
becoming, handsome, of free actions, which have their reason
in the nature of the actor and in circumstances, why they
ought to be thus and not different; Con ven i t, 249, it be-
hoves, used of something which has every necessary quality
in relation to something else: Decere esl quasi aptum uss
etm8entancunUjue tempori el persona; quod cum in jactiB tia-
pissime, tum in diclis valel, in vultu denique et gestu el 'a-
cessu; contrague item dedecere. Cic. Ista de c e n t humero.
gestamina no1tros. Ovid. Cont'eniet quum in dando mr.&-
nijicum esse, fum in exigendo non acerbum. Cie. - D e c e n t' ti,
is the quality of that which is proper; proper behaviour,
address, the quality and eonsequent appearance of him who
aets according to decorum: In jormis venustatem atqU8" 01'-
: dinem et, ut ita dicam, decentiam oculi judlcant. Cic.
..j}ecus, that which gives fine appearance, ornament: MORII-
menta imperatorum, de c o r a atqueornamenta janorum. Cic.
In ornamentum we express that which is added by way oC
ornament; in de c u s, that ornument which, in the opinion of
the speaker, befits, as such, the object to which it is applied,
or elevates its character by beautifying. Decor, beauty,
d6l::orousness, in as far as it is perceived, appears: in habita
ac vultu. Decorum, that which is befitting, proper for the
well.behaving, and that by which man appears in his dignity
as a reasona ble being: Id de c o r u m volunt esse, quod ~
natura c071senlaneum sil, ut in eo moderatio et temperantia
appareat cum specie quadam liberali. Cic. Decorum id
est, quod consentalleum sit hominis excellentia in eo, in qllO
natura ejus a reliquis animantibus dijferat. Id. Honestum,
that which is morally good, in the abstraet, and Hone6'as,
tbe moral goodness, purity, virtue, of whieh the Decorum,
as the external appearance, is the effect: Quidquid est, quod
deceat, id tum apparet, quum antegres8a est none8tas. Cic.
317. DECIDERE, DECERNERE, STATUERE, TRANSIGERB
PAClSCl, DEPAClSCl. Decidere, finishing a question 01 dis-
puted matter by cutting it, i. e. by a sbortening of the trans-
aetion,or only one.sidedly (as we say, somewhat similarly,
to cut the matter short), finisbing a case quite short,8umma-
rily: Bu ad Verrsm deJertur, 8t iBtiw more decifli'.r.
318. Decipert:.
16'7
Cie. Decernere, 269, deeiding aecording to eertain re&-
sons in eonsequence of reflection, deliberation (with others),
eoncluding: Rem ctmIUlu de consi1ii sententia decreve.
runt. Cie. Statuere, establishing, settling, after previous
scruples and eonsiderations, as a lasting resolution, from
whieh no departure shall be made: Decidis statuisque,
quid &apulis ad denarium solveretur. Cic. Transigere,
settling a disputed case, a business, so that nothin.s unsettled
or requiring alteration remains, terminating: Qui de sua
parte d e cid i t, reliquis integram relinquit actionem; qui
pro sociis transigit, satisdat, neminem eorun, postea peti-
turum. Cie. P a c i s c i, making an agreement, contraet, como
pact: &opas Simonidi dixit, se dimidium ejus ei, quotl
pactus esset, pro Ulo carmine daturum. Cie. Depacis.
ci and Depecisci, to enter upon a eontraet, to accept of
it: Eques Romanus non ante dimissus, quam ad conditionu
.Apronii depactus esto Cie.
318. DEeIPERE, DELUDERE, FALLERE, FRAUDARE, FRtr8-
TRARI, IMPoNERE, VERBA DARE, CIRCUMVENlRE, CIRCU
SCRIBERE. Decipere, 172, catching unawares by faIse
appearanee, deceiving the ineautious: Ita decipiemus fo.
"ea Lycum. Plaut. Deludere, to make fun of another, to
banter, the fool or eredulous person, what we familiarly ex
press by bamboozling, it is deluding by easy meaos, or the
easily deluded: Sopitos deludunt somnia sensus. Virgo
Fraudare, eheating, with violation of honesty and CaithCu\.
ness, obtaining property from another, deCrauding: Fra.
dare creditoru. Cie. Fallere, deeeiving, leading another
into error, without his perceiving it: Nocte silenti fallere
custodes. Ovid. Frustrari, deceive in expeetntion: Clas-
sem Dolabella compara"it, ut, si SyritE apes eum frustrat"
esset, Italiam peteret. Cie. Imponere alicui imposing
upon another, so tbat tbe deceived person nppenrs as a sim-
pleton: Eumenes simulata deditione J:tEjectis 4,!tigoni im-
posuit. Nep. Yerba dare, outwlttmg, depnvmg nnother
entirely oC bis advantnge, in spite of his cunning and wateh.
fulness: Hannibal clausus locorum angustiis, noctu sine u1lo
detrimento eJ:ercitus se expedivit; Fabio, callidissimo impa-
ratori, 7Jerba dedito Nep. Circ:umveni1'e, circumvent-
ing, depriving one cunningly of something, eatching, by
intrigue: Aja:c judicio iniquo circum7Jentus. Cie. Cir
cum8cribere, eheating by distortion oflaw, trieks, and fuI ..
sifications: Emtionu falsas aperta circllmlcripHolle
14
166
816. Decet. 317. Decidertl.
Enervis, enervated, lax, as eonsequence of in-
dolence and dissipation: Fracti enervi corpore greow.
Petron.
316. DECET, CONVENIT; DECENTIA, DECUS, DECOE, DE-
CORUM, HONESTUM, HONESTAS. Decet, it is proper, meet,
beeoming, haudsome, of free actions, whieh have their reason
in tbe nature of tbe actor and in circumstanees, why tbey
ought to be thus and not different; Con ven i t, 249, it be-
hoves,used of something whieh has every necessary quality
in relation to sometbing else: Decere est quasi aptum U.8
etm6entaneumque tempori et persona; quod cum in factu 6IB-
pissime, tum in dictis valet, in vultu denique el gestu el i.-
cessu; contral]ue item dedecere. Cie. Ista de c e n t laumet'Ol
gestamina no'!tros. Ovid. Cont,eniet quum in dando mu-
nificum esse, fum in exigendo non acerbum. Cie. - D e c e n tia,
is the quality of that whieh is proper i proper bebaviour,
address, tbe quality and eonsequent appearance of him who
aets according to deeorum: In formis venustatem atque. or-
dinem el, ut ita dicam, decentiam oculi judicant. Cic.
that whicb gives fine appearance, ornament: MORl&-
menta imperatorum, de c o r a atqueornamenta fanorum. Cic.
In ornamentum we express tbat which is added by way of
omament; in de c u s, that omament whieh, in the opinion of
the speaker, befits, as such, the object to whicb it is applied,
or elevates its cbaracter by beautifying. Decor, beauty,
d&::orousness, in as far as it is perceived, appears: in laab&tu
ac vultu.Decorum, that which is befitting, proper fOf tbe
well-behaving, and that by whicb man appears in his dignity
as a reasonable being: Id decorum volunt esse, quoa itq
naturce C071sentaneum sit, ut in eo moderatio et temperantia
appareat cum specie quadam liberali. Cie. Decorum icl
est, quod consentalleum sit Iaominis excellentice in eo, in qua
natura ejus a reliquis animantibus differat. Id. Honestum,
that wbich is morally good, in the abstract, snd Honuta.,
tbe moral goodness, purity, virtue, of which tbe Decorum,
as the external appearance, is tbe effect: Quidquicl ut, quod
t:leceat, id tum apparet, quum antegressa ut honesta Cie.
317. DECIDERE, DECERNERE, STATUERE, TRANSIGERE
PAClSCl, DEPACISCl. Decidere, finishing a question Ol dis-
puted matter by cutting it, i. e. by a shortening of the trans-
action,or on1y one-sidedly (as we 88y,80mewhat simi1arly,
to cut the malter sbort), finishing a case quite short, summa-
ri1y: Bu atl Verrem tleJertur, el istiw more tlecitli'ur.
318. Decipert:.
16'7
Cie. Decernere, 269, decidiDg aceordiDg to eertam re&-
SODS in eODsequence of refteetioD, deliberation (with others),
cODeluding: Rem COmulCl de consili sententia decrne-
"unt. Cie. Statuere, establishiDg, settling, after previous
scruples and eonsiderations, as a lastiDg resolution, from
wheh DO departure shall be made: Decidis statuisque,
quid &apulis ad denarium solveretur. Cie. Transigere,
settling a disputed case, a busiDess, so that nothing unsettled
or requiring alteration remains, termnating: (lu de &ua
parte de cid i t, reliquis ntegram reUnqut actionem; qui
pro sociis transigit, satisdat, neminem earu", postea peti-
turum. Cie. P a c i s c i, makiDg an agreemeDt, eontract, eom-
paet: &opas Simonidi di:cit, se dimidium ejus ti, quorl
pactus euet, pro illo carmine daturum. Cie. Depacis-
ei and Depecisci, to eDter upon a eODtraet, to accept of
it: Eques Romanus non ante dim88U8, quam arl conditionu
Apronii depactus est. Cie.
318. DECIPERE, DELUDERE, F ALLERE, FRAUDARE, FR'OS-
TRARl, IIIIPONERE, VERBA DARE, CIRCUIIIVENIRE, CIRCUIII[-
seRIBERE. Decipere, 172, eatehiDg unawares by faISe
appearanee, deeeiving the ineautious: Ita decipiemu. /0-
vea Lycum. Plaut. Deludere, to make fun of aDother, to
banter, the fool or eredulous person, what we familiarlyex-
press by bamboozliDg, it is deluding by easy meaDs, or the
easily deluded: Sopitos deludunt somnia Sen8U8. VU"g.
Fraudare, eheating, with violation of hODesty and faithfu\.
ness, obtaiDing property from aDother, defraudiDg: Fra.
rlare creditorCl. Cie. Fallere, deeeiving, leadiDg another
into error, without his perceiviDg it: Nocte silenti / a 11 ere
custodcs. Ovid. Frustrad, deceive iD expectation: Clas-
sem Dolabella comparavit, ut, si Syria spCl eum jrustratfJ
e88et, Italiam peterer.. Cie. Imponere alicui imposng
UpoD aDother, so that the deeeived person appears as a sim-
pletoD: Eumenes simulata deditione prajectis Antigoni im-
posuit. Nep. Verba dare, outwitting, depriviDg aDother
entirely of his advantage, in spite of his eunDiDg aDd watch-
fulDess: Hannibal claU8U8 locorum angustiis, noctu sine ullo
detrimento exercitus se expedivit; Fabio, callidissimo impe-
ratori, verba dedit. Nep. Cireumvenire, circumvent-
iDg, depriving oDe eUDningly of something, eatehing, by
intrigue: Ajaz judicio iniquo circumventu . Ce. Ci,..
eumscribere, eheatiDg by distortion oflaw, trieka, and tal ..
sificatiODS: Emtioncs Jal848 aperta cireu",.eriptiorl.
14
158 319. Declamare. 321. Decretum.
jecisti. Cic. Testamenta subjiciunt, adolescentulos circum-
scdbunt. Id.
319. DECLAMARE, PRONUNTIARE, RECITARE. Declo.-
m"are, delivering something with a loud voice, in effect, or
by way of rhetorical practice, with reference to strength and
modulation of voice: In quemvis impune declamad ROa
licet. Cic. In Phalerico ad fluctum declamavit De1IIIU-
thenes, ut fremitum assuesceret voce vincere. Pronu.ti-
are, pronouncing, uttering words clearly, distinctly, and
audibly,as in public annunciations: Prrelium pronuntiare
in posterum diem. Liv. Pronuntiatio est, ex rerum flt
fJerborum dignitate, vocis et corporis moderatio. Cic., of ora-
torical expression. Recitare, reciting, delivering a certain
discourse or composition with a loud voice, reading aloud:
Pansa tuas literas recitavit. Cic. Nero declama"'t
srepius publice: re c ita v i t et carmina domi et in theatro.
Suet.
820. DECOQ.UERE, HELUARI, ABLIGURIRE. Decoquere,
to boil down, spend one's fortune: Heluari, to. swallow it
down, i. e. to ruin it by dissipation; .A bligurire, to "t
through with it by dainty things, paying high prices for ChoIce
things: Tenesne memoria, prretextatum te de c o x i s s e '1 Cic.
Tu meo periculo, gurges ac vorago patrimonii, heluabare.
Id. Homo patria abligurierat bona. Ter.
321. DEcRETuM, CONSULTUM, EDlCTUM, SClTUM, Jussu
Decretum, decree as decisive and unchangeable result of
a deliberation on reasons and counterreasons on a subject;
Consultum, the measure, conclusion, which proceeds as
opinion from a deliberation, also the order, if it contains at
the same time the opinion of the collegium: Consulta MI&-
nia et decreta regis rescindere. Sall. Majares miseriti
plebis Romanre decretis suB inopire opitulati sunt. Id.-
Decretum, the resolution which, as containing or expresa-
iJlg the opinion of a higher authority, demands attention and
must be followed; Edictum, the formally published order
of a superior authority, which informs the inferior of its will
and desire, and deprives the latter of the excuse of not know-
ing it: Flaccus Prretor sana:it edicto, ne aurum ex .Aria
~ r t r i liceret. Cic. Nego me ex de c r e t o Prretoris 'n
jundum restilutum esse. Id.-Senatus Decretum, also
Consultum, a resolution or act of the senate which author-
ized magistrates to perform important aets, and gave to roso-
lutions of tbe people the authority of law. Such a popular
322. Dedilcere. 324. Deficere. 169
resolve WD.S called Populi ,citum, ir passed by the whol
people, the entire people (of course by majority), but Ple-
hi,citum if passed by the plebs, in contradistinction to the
scnate, after the charge by the presiding magistrate; J u s-
sum, inasmuch as the people, as a whole, in virtue of ita
majesty, i. e. sovereignty, proclaimed or expressed ita will:
Rhodii societatem ab Romanis ita volebant peti, ut nullum de
ea re scitum populi jieret. Liv. Scitum plebis ut
jactum, rogantibus tribunis. Id. Pontius accepit senatu,
decretum, ut, comitiis curiatis revocalus de exsilio, jU.,su
populi Camillus dictator e3:templo diceretur. Id.
322. DEDISCERE,OOLIVISCI. Dediscere, to unleam that
which we had learned, from want of practice; Oblivi,ci,
to forget, if we cannot any longer remember a thing: Milites
disciplinam populi Romani dedidicerant. Creso Si vete-
ris contumelia o b liD i s c i vellet: num etiam recentium injw
riarum memoriam deponere posse '1 Id.
. 323. DEDUCERE, DERIVARE. Dedueere, leading eff
,.,ater from a place; Derivare, leading to a place: Quu.
pluere incipiet, aquam oportet d edueere in vias. Cato.
Deductum nomen ab Anco. Ovid. Fossam agua ea:jlumine
derivata complevit. Creso Suam culpam derivare in
aliquem. Cic., shifi it upon sorne one, make him appear
guilty.
324. DEFICERE, DESCISCERE, REBELLARE; DEFECTIO, SE-
DITIO, SECESSIO, FACl'IO, PARTES. Dejicere, 3 . ab ali-
qua, separating from a country, ally, severing from nn aUy,
and withdrawing one's assistance (in German abJallen, falling
off): Dua colonia Latina ad Auruncos d e ji ci u n t. Liv.
Desciscere, severing allegiance or submission to sorne one,
and becomirig his enemy; Dejieere designates faithlessness
in this action; Desciscere, unstableness, inconsistency:
Propugnatores rei publica qui esse voluerunt, si leviores aunt,
desciscunt; si timidiores, desunt. Cic. Nunquam isti
populi, nisi quum deerit, ad quem d e s c i s e a n t, a nobis non
dejicient. Liv. .A me ipse dejeci, 1 have abandoned my
own principIes, have become faithless to them; descivi, 1
have acted directIy contrary to my principIes. Re b e II a r e,
beginning war again, rebeginning it: Volaci, jortor ad re-
hellandum, quam ad bellandum, gens. Liv., hence to rebel, .
i. e. to begin war again afier having been Bubdued.-De-
fe e ti 0..1 defection: Re b e II i o jacta post deditionem; de-
fectid dalis obsidihus. CtE.. Seditio, dissensioD oC a
160 325. Deformi8. 327. D
society, rot, sedition, when the eitizens, in parties, oppoae
one another, or, by unlawful acta and violenee, the lawful
authorties: Domestica seditio. Liv. Ea dis,enrio cirium,
quad seorsum eunt alii ad alios, seditio dicitur. Cie. Se-
cessio, the formal separation of one, the malecontent pany
in a state, from the other, rebellion: Civium seceuio ira
Sacrum mQntemfacta. Liv. FacHo, a seditious party, regu-
larIy organized under a leader or head, for the purpose oC
obtaining supreme power: Consul Patwinorum in Veraetia
seditionem eomprimeret, quos certamine factionam tzd
intestinum bellum exarsisse legati aUulerant. Liv. Partes,
party, as a union of several members having the same OpinioD,
and thereby standing opposite and opposed to another of a
diffc;rent opinion: Cinnano tumuZtu alii Sullanis, alii Cirma-
nis favebant partibus. Nep.
325. DEFORMIS, TURPIS, F<EDUS. Deformi" deformed,-
i. e. having an irregular and unpleasant forro, displeasing by
Wl'tIlt oC beauty and perfection or eompleteness, opp. Formo-
'"'; Turpis, ugly, seandalous, disgraceful, by disbonoring
and disgracing deformity, i. e. deviation from what it ougbt
to be; Fredus, abominable, that which excites disgust and
horror: Jumenta prava atque deformia. CIeS. Turpe
pecus mutilum; turpe est sine gramine campu.s; et riu
fTonde frutex, et sine crine caput. Ovid. Caput impe:ea.
!redum porrigine. Hor. Luxuria quum omni retati' tur-
'pis, tum seneetuti fredissima. esto Cic.
326. DEJICERE, DETURBARE, PRECIPITARE. Dejicere,
ohasing, throwing down from a position, to maintain which is
important, with violence: aliq'l.tem de ponte in Tiberim. Si
gui meam familiam de meo fundo dejecerit, ex eo me loco
d f}j e e e ri t: ,i qui me in meum fundum introire "prohibuerit,
non ex eo, sed ab eo loco me dejecerit. Cic. Deturbare,
driving down, from the possession away, expel, push out with
great violence: Crelius, impetu in prretorem Jacto, eum de
tribunali deturbavit. Creso Prrecipit.are, precipitating,
faU with violence head.foremost, used of a precipitous fall:
Multitudo de turre sese prrecipitabat, Liv. Nilus r ~
ci pi t a t ex altissimis montibus. Cic .
.327. DEIN, DEINDE, DEINCEPS, DEHINC, EXINDE, Tu.,
POST, POSTRA. Dein, properly, from thence, after; Dein-
de, thereupon, after this, points to a near object upon which
the one in question is to foUow; Deincep", immediately
aftar; Dehinc, from bence, to begin here, expresses loca.lity,
328.- Delectare. 329. Delectum Aabere. 161
and from now, expresses time: Numidce pro tempore in-
8tructi: dein prcelium incipitur. Sallo Tre8 fratre8 video
deincep8 tribuno. plebi8 per triennium fore. Cie., afier
one another. [ntmora Gedrosi, dehinc Per8ce habitaRlo
Mela. Exin, Exinde, from that place, of locality, and
upon that, after that, of time, and of a eonsequenee of some
faet: Mare terram appetit: e x in mari finitimUl aer sublime
fertur. Cie. Tum, then, points at a faet in the past or the
future in relation to now, without referenee to any thing tMt
may follow: Quum inimici n08tri venire dicentur, tum in
Epirum ibo. Cie. Post, after, behind; Po.tea, there-
upon, thereafier, designates the following after another ac-
eording to order orO time: Ccedere incipiunt Milonia &eroo.,
qui p o s t erant. Cie. - In enumemtions, Dei n d e and' Tu m,
if repeated, designate every idea or sentenee that folIows
after them as equaUy important in its relation to tbe previous
part or to the whole othe sentenee. Deinde distingllishes
sueh ideas aeeording to their order and sueeessiveness ;Tum,
as belonging to various periods: lllud erat phil080phi tati",
augurii primum naturam ip8am videre, dei n d e inventionem,
del n d e Cie. Stellce errantes t u m occultan-
tur, tum rur8U8 apmuntur, tum adeunt, tum recedunt. Id.
328. DELECTARE, OBLECTARE; DELECTAMENTUM, DELI-
CIE, VOLUPTAS. Dlectare, alluring by agreeable things,
delighting; O b 1 e c t a r e, acting against disagreeable im pres-
aions by delighting, entertaining, amusing: MUlce me a prima
adolescentia delectarunt. Cic., tbey attraeted me. Ah
delectatione omni negotiia-,impedimur; ludia tamen ob-
lectamur et ducimur. Id.-Delectamentum, the means
of delight, that wbieh is eapable of fumisbing or procuring
it; Delicia, tbe things themselves whieh attmct by their
charms, whieh delight, and on whieh we dwell with pleasur-
able sensation; Vo lupta8, the pleasumbJe snsation whieh
is ereated by a high degree of pleasure through the senses,
voluptuousness: Amore8 ac delicice tuce, R08cius. Ce.
Verbo vol u p t a t i 8 duas res subjiciunt, lcetitiam in animo,
commotionem suavem juC'Unditatia in corpore. Id.
329. DELECTUM HABERE, CONSCRIBERE, LEGERE MILITES.
Delectum habere, Jevying troops with referenee to proper
age, health, and strengtb, as in Rome, originally in the, Cam-
pus Martius, at a Jater period in al! the provinces; Con8cri-
here militf!s, at tbe delectus, the entering of the names of
the men eapable of bearing arms, whose names had beeo
14-
162 830. Delere. 831. Delirare.
called in the roll, enrolling the men (yet without the addi.
tional meaning which the word bas in the United' States or ,
England); Legere milite" levying from amoDg thoae
tbat can bear arms, selecting: Deleetum comules 1&abe,.,
.Ad duo limul bella exercitus ,cribitur. l..iv. Delectu. 1&a-
be t u r; nee juniores modo e o n. c Ti p ti, .ea .miorea etiaa
eoacti nomina dare. Id. Legionem Fausto eon,criptaa,
in Siciliam libi plaeere a con&Ule duci, scripserat Pompriu
ad eonsulea. Cie., the words of Pompey were: mtIR-
daram, ut alter vestrum cum militibus, qua, F ....
legit, proficiseeretur.
330. DELERE, ABOLERE, OBLITERARE, EXTINGl1EU, IN
Dl1CERE. Delere, erase that whieb had been engraved in
tbe wax of the tablet, .with the &t end of the stylu&, erase :
Rubeo: sedjam acripseram; delere nolui. Cie. Delere
maculam, urbem, to erase. .A bol e r e, causing something to
vanish, perish, destroying, e. g. monumenta, imagines: Cor
pus non igni abolitum. Tac. Obliterare, properly,
erossing writing with other writing; eausing something to be
forgotten: Res vetustate obliterata; Obliterata memo
ria supenaNa belli. Liv. E:x:stinguere, properly, remov
ing by pointedinstruments, to annihilate, extinguish, to de prive
of active existence, of aetivity and influence: .Aq1.ta multitu-
dine vis ftamma opprimitur; sua 'Ponte autem consumt""
ignis e:x:stinguitur. Cic., see 417. Inducere, cover
something with something, e. g. super latere, eoria; postea
inducti piee; making plain again the wax on which some
thing had been written. eovering it over again, as it were ;
bence cashiering: Nomina jam jacta sunt: . sed vel in d u ci,
"el mutari possunt. Cic. In d u e e n d i senalus consulti ma-
tMritas nondum esto Id.
331. DELIRARE, DESIPERE, INSANIRE, FURERE; INSANIA,
FUROR, RABIES. Delirare, properly, from the
straight furrow (lira); being out of senses: ProJeeto deli-
ramus interdum senes. Plaut. Desipere, giving one'a
self up to folly, being over gay: Objurgabar, quod nimio
gaudio pene desiperem. Cie. Insanire, not having a
sound mind, being crazy: Homo audacissimus, et quod inter
omnes eOTlstat, nisi inter eoa, qui ipli quoque insaniunt,
insanissimus. Cie. Furere, raving, raging, being furioua
and wild: Sape iracundia graviore, vel timore, vel dolore
movetr mena: quo genere Athamantem, Ajacem, Orutem
urere dicimus. Cie. - Iruana, Donsense, craziness.
832. D6fIIUm. 833. Denuo.
168
iD8ll.oity, as quality: Insania libidinum. Cie. Furor, the
.tate of fury, of the person that rages: Insaniam majoru
aniltitiam censuerunt, constantia, id ut, sanitate l1acamem:
_furorem autem esse rati sunt ments ad omnia etUitatefJL
l::ic. Rabies, tbe madness, when the fury of passion riaes
lo a privation of eonsciousness, and knows, in ita frantie ir
l'Uptions, of no limita: Canum rabies. Ovid.
332. DEMUM, DENIQUE, POSTREMO, TANDEM. Dimum,
:only, signifies tbat tbe preeeding demonstrative (nune, po,t,
Ml, igitur, is, ibi) must be taken io the highest degree oC ita
meaning: Nunc demum rescribo hs liters, quaa mihi mi
ti. Cie. Idem velle atque idem nolre, ea demum firma
Gmicitia esto Sallo Denique (for demumque) , at length,
only, attaches the idea which hu been strengtbened by de
.um to that whieh precedes: Thm denique hominea noltra
intelligimw bona, quum qua in potestate habuimua, ea amiri
fIIU8. Plaut., tben and then only. Henee in enumerations,
when at tbe end of tbe series tbe bighest or lowest or sorne
thing is mentioned, whicb comprises the wbole preceding
series; at tbe bigbest, at least, io short, or, even: Deeeml1iri
provincias, eivitates liberas, ,ocios, amicos, regea denique
e:r:lw.uriunt. Cic. Hostes deditione jacta, nostros prcesidia
deducturos, aut den i q u e indiligentiw servaturos credide-
rant. Cres., or at least. Negant id Syracwam per religionea
8acrorum ullo modo fieri posse: jal denique negant eue.
Cie., in sbort, io general. Postremo, sc. loco, at leogtb,
finally, designates only tbe last place aeeordiog lo order:
Omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, pOBtre,,,o etiam vec
tigalia veatra venierint. Cic. Tandem, at last, at last after
all, at length, of time, wheo long expectation is lo be ex
pressed: Reddita mihi tan d e m aunt a CaBare litera. Cie.
333. DENUO, AB - DE - Ex INTEGRO, ITERUM, RURSUS
-UM. Denuo, literally, from anew, desiguates tbe repe.
titioo (reoovation, as it were) of a. state oC things, aecording
lo tbe time afler ita existence had eeased for a time; Ab-
De-E:J! i1Jtegro, anew, with referenee lo the tbing itselC.
its essenee, i. e. SO, as tbe previous state was from the begin-
ning, immediately afler ita origin, afresh; desiguates the
mode, cntirely SO, as it existed before; Iterum, agaio, des
iguates the mode, quite so, as it was before; R"r,um,
RurBus, agaio, no additiooal time, of the kiod, of mere
repetitioo: Diri equidem: ud ri parum intelluti, dicam
d enuo. Piaut. Panetes ruunt: adijic4atur adu tota de
164 334. Depeculari. 335. -Ducribere.
nuo. Id., merely of building, in which also old yet sound and
good materials may be used: Columnam efficere ab integro
novam nullo lapide redivivo. Cic., from the bottom anew, oC-
new hewn stones. Faciet de integro comredias. Ter., in.
vented by himself, not derived from the Greeks. Te pratore
Sicilia censa den u o est; postero anno Metellus mentionem
tui census fieri vetat: censores dicit dei n t e gro sibi creari
placere. Cic. Every fifth year censors were elected anew;
in this case, the election was annulled ayear after it had
taken place, and others were elected afresh, fresh ones. Li-
tlianal fabulal, non satis dignal, qUal iterum legantur'- Cie.
Facis, ut rursus plebes in Aventinum sevocanda esse tlide.
attlr. Id.
334. DEPECULARI, SPOLIARE, PRlEDARI. Depeculari,
abstracting property which does not belong to us, especially
public property, robbing by embezzling: alrarium, fana;
Sp o 1 i a r e, robbing in the sense of undressing, pulling off
what one wears, dress or armour, uncovering, denudating:
Consules spoliari hominem et virgas expedirijubent. Liv.,
undressing. Monumenta s poI i a v i t nudavitque omnia. Cic.
Pradari, making OOoty, plundering, robbing, in the sense
of carrying off as prize: Pecoris vis ingens in saltum aviUlR
compulsa perpulit consulem, ut pradatum eo expedita du-
cerentur legiones. Liv.
335. DESCRIBERE, EXPRIMERE, DEFINIRE; DESIGNARE,
DISTRIBUERE, DISPERTIRE, DISPENSARE, DIRIBERE. De.
scribere, copying, describing, refers to the intention of a
clear perception; Exprimere, expressing,
properly of plastic works, giving a more vivid and visible
representation, as it were; Definire, defining, giving the
precise limits of a thing, giving a distinctly delineated, cir
cumscribed presentation or idea of a subject; if we give just
as many marks of distinction as an object has or ought to
have, to be such as we mean: Descriptio rerum come-
quentium continet perspicuam et dilucidam cum gravitate ex-
positionem. Ad Herenn. Oralor hominum sermones mores-
que describat. Cie. Hanc speciem Pasiteles callavit
argento, et noster expreuit Archias versibus. Id. Ora-
tione, verbis exprimere mores, animorum sensttB. Defi-
ni t i o est earum rerum, qUal sunt ejus re proprial, quam
de.ftnire volumus, brevis et circumscripta explicatio. Id.-
Describere, giving a clear representation of the form of
things by' a drawing (pingere, delineare); hence.
336. Duu. 165
directing how something is to be, ordering, designating the
order; Designare, des!gnale, distinguishing by making a
sigo upon it: Non potuit pictor rectius describere hOff&t-
nis formam. Plaul. Servius Tullius classes centurialque e:/I
eensu descripsit. Liv. lEneas urbem designat aratro.
Virgo - Describere, enumerating, dividing, directing, by
writing, the parls of a whole. Inasmuch as the writing or
directing is unimporlant, and only the placing of the different
parts i ~ considered, the same is called Distribuere, di&-
tributing, to distinct and respective individuals; Dispertire,
giving away by dividing ioto parts, used of the thing, the
whole, which is divided (dividere); Dispensare, weighing
out lo different individuals, distributing. proportionately, 00-
cording lo proportions; Di r i b 6 r e, to distribute according to
order, aven: lEdiles curules frumentum quaternis a:ris mea-
timpopulo descripserunt. Liv. Numa in duadecim men-
8U describit annum. Id. Distribuisti partu t a l i ~
Catilina: statuisti, qua quenuue proficisci placeret. Ce.
Archipirata cequahiliter prcedam di s pe r t i t. Id. llle ter-
rarum victor, qui gentes et regna di ri be t. Plin.
336. DESES, RESES; DESIDIA, IGNAVIA, fIGRITIA, INER-
TIA, SEGNITIES, SOCORDlA, OTlUM. Deses, he who sita
firmly on a place, idle, inactive; Re ses, be who does not
move from his seat, who does not move, stir, quiet, unoccu-
pied: Sedemus d e s i d e s domi, mulierum rtu inter nos
altercantes. Liv. Casei molles, in corpore non residuo
Varr. Clamarem pugnantium uaudimus, resides ipsi ac
segnes, tamquam nec manus nec arma labeamus. Liv. - De-
sidia, inclination to sit upon one place, the sitting idle, put-
ting one's hands in one's lap: Legifrumentarce repugnabant
!Joni, quod ab industraplebem ad desidiam avocariputQ-
banl. Cic. Ignavia, indolence, when impulse and desire
oC activity are wanting; hence, al so, cowardice; opp. activ-
ity, industry, tbriftiness, alacrity: Nonfit ex ignavo slrenu-
us, ne.que fortis ex limida. Sall. In quem cadunt timar el
infractio quceclam animi et demissio, recipiat idem necease esl
tarditatem et ignaviam. Cic. Pigritia, crossness, iC one
goes crossly snd reluctantly to a work, opp. cheerfulness,
alacrity: Pigritia est metus consequentis laboris. Cie.,
laziness. NoZi putare, pigritia me face.re, quod non mea
manu scribam. Id. Inertia (iners, without energy, strengtb,
liCe, motion, and benee unfit Cor its purpose or destination,
e. g. sal, stomachus), enduring inootivity, inelination to idle-
166 337. Desperare. 338. Dupicere.
ness, to jainantise, as the French express it: Vita humtDIa
prope uti jerrum est: si nihil exerceas, inertia atque tor-
pedo plus detnmenti jaet, quam exereitio. Cato. Res aspera
ut: sed in e r tia el molltia animi, alius alium exspeetantu
cunclamini, Ds immortalibus eonfisi. Sall. Deserunlur oj-
ficia defensionis negligentia, pigritia, inertia. Cie.,
from inclination to ease and comfort (indolenee), or from
capacity. Segnit'ies, slowness, sleepiness, drowsiness in'
aeting, dulness of mind: Hortantur consulem, ut castigaret
segnitiem populi. Liv., the people, tired of eternal war,
were slow in entering into a new war with Macedonia. So-
cordia, thoughtlessness, want of attention and energy;
hence, also, dulness: Nisi animum advertitis omnes, nm'
somnum s o e o r d i a m que ex peetore oculisque amovetis. Plaut.
Pamus ab extrem8 orbis terrarum termin8 Mstra cunctatione
et.soeordia jam hue progressus. Liv. Otium, leisure;
the time whieh remains unoccupied by professional employ-
ment; it may be well or badly made use of; ease, opp. Re-
gotium: Nostrum otium negotii inopia, non requiesceruU
studio eonstitutum est. Cie.
337. DESPERARE, DIFFlDBRE. Desperare (de-spes).
giving up hope, despairing, if aH grounds of thai
which we wish to be fultilled are gone; Dijfidre, dis-
trusting, if but few or weak grounds to expect this realization
are left: Galli, nisi perjregerinl muntiones, de omni salute
de'perant. Creso Ita graviter O!grum Eudemumfoisse, uf
omncs medici dijjiderent. Cie.
338. DESPICERE, SPERNERE, ASPERNARI, TEMNERE, CON-
TEMNERE, FASTIDlRE, NEGLIGEltE. Despieere, looking
down upon a thing as below one's self, eonsidering something
far below ourselves: Omnes de sp i e i t, hominem prO! se ne-
minem putat, se solum potentem putat. Cie. Spernere, hold .
ing far off from one's self, disdaining, slighting, not
itin the least; .Aspernari,spurning,not wishing to have
any thing to do with it, involving disdain, eontempt: llle 'per-
nit segregatque ab se omnes. Plaut. Qui habet, ultro apjJeli-
tur: qui est pauper, aspernatur. Cie. Temnere, poetieal,
more commonly Conlemnere, contemning, holding value-
less, worthless, unworthy of attention: Jejunus raro stomachus
vulgana temnil. Hor. Nemo potest id, quad malum es,e
deereverit, nQn curare idque eontemnere. Cie. Contem-
,it Siculos; non duxit homines. Id. Fas ti dire, disdnining
proudly or as unfit for us, not good, not delieate enough for us:
339. De,truer6. 341. Detinere. 16'7
Superbas aures habemus, si tJtmm domini 8ervorum non JIU-
tidiant preces, nos rogari ab honestis feminis indigna-
mur. Liv. N egligere; neglecting, not paying attentioD lO
something or sorne one: alicujus imperium. Omnes, q"iiu
res sunt minus secunda, propter suam impotentiam,e,emper'
eredunt negligi. Ter.
339. DESTRUERE, DEMOLIRl, DIRUEltE, EXCIDEltE, EVElt-
TERE, DELE RE. Speaking of buildings, Destruere, literally
unbuilding (see 39), pulliog down bylayera: Navem, tEdi-
.ftcium dem destruit facillime, enstrw:it. Cie. De-
fIIolir, pulliog down high fabnes, with exertion; aIso
,tatuas, see 51: Augures jusserunt demoliri ea, quorum
altitudo o.ffteeret auspiciis. Cie. Diruere, pull asunder, in
various parts, demolish (dis-mere, see 39): Legiones duele
ad diruendam urbem. Liv. Excidere, hewing out, as
it were, demolish from the bottom, eotirely, to the very bot-
tom: Monumenta publica, ades sacras, domos inimiconult
8U01fWn oppugnavit, exeidit, ineendit. Cie., raziog to the
ground .. Evertere, upsetting, turning the bottom up, de-
stroying, io a way of turoiog every thiog topsy-turvy: Urbem
'Iondum excisam et eversam, ,ed jam eaptam atque op-
pres,am vidimus. Ce. Delere, aonihilate: &ipio alter
Afrieanus duas urbes ,uie imperio infestissimas,
Numantiamque, delevit. Ce.
340. DETERIOR, PEJOR. Deterior, less good, worse,
in the seose of deterioration, gro\Vng worse, eomparatively
to that whieh s better; P ej or, worse, more evil, more
wieked, in the saose of augmeoting evil, or that whieh is
bad: In mundo si quis corrigere aliquid volet, deteri",
faciet. Ce. De m,ale Graeis Latine scripta deter",. Id.,
worse, . e. further from what it ought to be. Consules
orabant tribunos, ne pessimumfacinus pejore eumplo ad-
mtterent judiees. Liv. Neminem pejus oderunt. Ce.
341. DE - DISTINERE, DISTRINGERE, OceuPARE, MOllAltI,
TARDARE. Detinere, keepiog a peraoo io a place or at a
thiog, so that he oceupies himself solely with it; Di,tinere,
keeping from ooe aoother, distant from a thing, off from
something, so that he eanoot oceupy himself with it so mueh,
detaioing: Me detinuit morbus. Ter. Qua Jacilius pro-
veniebant, quia Partlti Hyreano bello distinebantur.
Tae. Distringere, pull io different direetions, occupy
one'a salf with more tbao one thiog: Hannibalem mittendum
i" Africam esse ad distringendo, Romano Liv., lO
168 342. Detreetare. 343. Devertere.
make. a "diversion." Sulla multis negotiis distenta. Ut.
Cie. Nvmquam a caUS8 et judieiil distrietior fui.
wben attention is divided among several. Oecapare,
properly, mastering a subjeet; oeeupy one's self: Populu
in funambv.lo animum oceuparat. Ter. QuaflU18 occu-
patus sis,otii tamen plus habes. Cie. Morari, 300, de.
tain, make tarry, used as verb active: Legatio beUi cekrita-
tem morbitur. Cie. Tardare, properly making slow;
interfering with tbe prQgress, opp. aceelerare: MM
dubitatio aut impedire profectionem meam v.idebatur, aut cert.e
t a r dar e. Cie. Res sope tentata impetus Ccesaris COfIrilia-
que tardabat. Cres.
342. DETRECTARE,OBTRECTARE. Detreetare, properly,
endeavouring to carry off; declining a thing or a peormance,
militiam; taking off flOm others, i. e. merits, detracting, plac-
iDg them in tha shada, virtutes: Ingenium magni detrectat
Livor Homeri. Ovid. Obtreelare, opposing a pel'8OD 00
aeeount of his merits from eDvy or jaalousy, endeavouriDg to
impede tbe effeets of his meritorious qualities: Cessat"", ti
milutJ, ae de industria, ut obtrectaretur laudibus dueil,
impedita victoria esto Liv.
343. DE-DlVERTERE, DEVERSARI; DEvERSORIUM, Hos-
PITlUlII, DE - DlVERTICULUM, DE - DIVORTlUM. De"e,.
ter e, turning off the road and turning in, alighting (preciaely
the German einkehren); Divertere and Diverti, tuming
from one another intp differeDt direetions, taking a road laad-
ing in a different direction; Deversari, stopping, tarryiDg
whare we have alighted: Quum duo quidam iter faeerent et
Megaram venilsent, alter ad eauponem devertit, ad Aospi
tem alter. Cic. Prqftciscenti Consuli causa in Pamphyliam
di"ertendi oblata esto Liv. Omnes ad eam domum, in
qua iste deversabata,., profeeti slmt. Cic.-Deve,.so
,.ium, the place where we enter, turn in from the road;
Hospitium, the inn whieh reeeives the "stranger" hospi.
tably, which is a comfort to him: In aliquo peropportuno
d e ver s o ri o requieseere. Cic. Te in Arpinati "idebimua
el hospitio agresti aecipiemus. Id. Deverticulam,
branch way, which leads off from the road; Divertieu-
lam, road leading iD a diverging direction: HfZC deverti-
cal a et anfraetus suffugia sunt injirmitatil. Quinctil. Uln
ad ipsum venio diverticulum, constiti. Ter., also: G14.
dii abditi ez: omnibus locis d e ver tic u li protrahebfDllrlr.
Liv., oC tha comer, for deversorii. Devortium, tha place
344. Deus. 348.' Differre.
169
where a road leads off from the main road; DivortiufII,
tbe place where a road or river divides into two different di.
rections: D e v o r tia itinerum indicebantur, ut civitate8 ti
yroximis hibernis in avia frumentum referrent. Tac. Prope
divortium itinerum castraposituri erant. Liv.
344. DEus, DIVUS, NUMEN. Deus, a certain god; Di-
I)US, divine, a god in general, in solemn expreSsion, and a
deified emperor; Ni,men, the deity, inaamuch as it shows
effectually ita majesty and power: Deum, Deo natUfll, sal.
I)/lre Ron.ulum jubent. Liv. Ad divos adeunto caste. Cie.
Omnes naturlB numini divino parent. Id. O numell
aquarum, Neptune! Ovid ..
345. DIADEMA, INFULA, MITRA. Diadema, the wide.
white head-band of kings; Infula, the white woollen band
over the forehead of the priests: PhtBbi Triviaque sacerdos,
infula cui sacra redimibat tempora vitta. Virgo Mitra,
a sort of cap with flaps covering the cheeks, to be tied under
the chin: Dle Paria, MlBOnia mentum mitra crinemque ma-
dentem subnixus. Virgo
346. DICTIO, STlLUS. DicHo, properly, tbe oral del iv-
ery; diction, tbe peculiar manner of tbe thoughts
for and by oral delivery, calculated upon ana according to
tbe effect whicb it will produce with the hearer; Cor gemu
dicendi: Fuit in Crasso popularis die ti o excellens: An-
tonii genus dicen di multo aptius judicis, quam concionibu8.
Cic. S ti 1 u s, style, the mode oC presenting by
words and writing, which pays. regard to the connexlOn and
distribution oC words: Stil'lu optimus dicendi ejJeetor et
magster. Cic.
347. DIEs FESTI, PROFES'l'I, FASTl, NEFAS'l'I, COllUTIALES,
INTERCENSI. Dies festi, Ceast daya, daya of rejoiciog,
when al! labor and business were suspended, and every one
gave himselC up to pleasure oC sorne sort; profesti, non
Ceast days, among these were Dies fas ti, court days, neo
fas ti, when Ihe holding court was prohibited; comitiales,
when comitia, but not sessions of the senate were held; in-
tercensi or intercisi, days when a Cew houl'S I1t 1he
middle of the day, about noon, were spent in holding court,
the morning and evening houl'S, however, in sacrificing.
348. DIFFERRE, PaoFERRE, PROLATARE, PROCRASTINARE,
DIFFINDERli:. Differre, deferring something to a more
convenient time; Proferre, extending (pushing further
out), delaying 00 account oC an obstacle: In crastinUff& di'
15
170 349. Difficilis. 351. DignilaB.
jero res severas. Nep. Si coheredes lanus voletat pr(1o
ferre diem auctionis, poterunt vel biduum, "el triduum,,,tIl
ut videbitur. Cie. Prolatare, making wider forward, ap-
point something for a more distant time, e. g. comitia: ItI.
malum opprimi sustentando ac pro 1 a tan d nullo modo
potest. Cie. Procrastinare, always delaying to tomor-
row, from one day to another, procrastinating: Primo rem
di./ferre quotidie ac procrastinare crPperunt. Cic. Dif-
findere, interrupting a law case, and adjoumin$ it to SOlDe
other day: Papirio legem curiatam de imperio Jerenti ttVte
amen diem diffidit. Liv.
349. DIFFICILlS, LABORIOSUS, OPEROSUS; MOROSUS. Dij.
fici1is, diffieult, the exeeution of which opposes manyoh-
stacles even to great powers and means; Laborio.u.,
laborious, toilsome, the bringing about of which is eonneeted
with great labor, trouble; Operosus, the eompletion of
whieh requires manifold labor, mueh work, many hands we
eould not well give it; vast, applied to work, undertaking,
expresses somewhat, and in eertain cases, the Latin operOl1U
(German mhsam): Erat diffici1e eodem tempore rapi-
dissimo flumine opera per.ficere et tela vitare. Cie. Operum
.fuU omnium 1 a b o ri o s i s s i m u m cuniculus in arcem M'-
tium agi crPptus. Liv. Laboriosa ea:ercitatione,. Cie.,
fatiguing. Sepulcrum opero,iu" quarrr quod decem 1umti-
nes triduo. Id. - Difficili" diffieult to be
treated, obstinate, hard, stubborn: Avunculus d iffi c i II i m a
natura, cujus asperitatem nemo ferre potest. Nep. Moro-
BUS, eross, morose, to whose satisfaetion nothing can be
done, grumbling, e. g. senex. .
350. DIGERERE, ORDlNARE, DISPONEItE. Digerere, dis-
tributing properly, so that that whieh belongs together be
plaeed together, and each group be properly separated from
the rest: Carmina digerere in numerum. Virgo Primum
omne jus civi1e in genera di g e r a t; deinde eorum generuJII
quasi quadam membra dispertiat. Cie. Ordinare, placing
iD order, giving to eaeh individual thing or being its proper
place in a series, e. g. partes orationis. Cie. Ars perpetuis
pracepti, ordinata. Liv. Disponere, disposing, plae-
ing, according to a plan, in various plaees: Vigilias dispu-
nere per urbem. Liv.
351. DJGNITAS, HONESTAS, EXISTIMATIO. Dignitas,
dignity, whieh, .on aceount of personal or political advantages
or privilegea, gives claim 10 esteem and acknowledgment;
...
352. Dilapidare. 354. Di&ciplina. 171
Honestas, properly, the quality of being honored or having
honor, i. e. feeling of honor; moral dignity, whieh gives a
claim to general esteem and honor, on aeeount of his rational
actions, and the honor itself, thus obtained; Existimatio,
45, 93, the judgment, opinion of others, founded upon the
aboye quality, honor, civil honor, reputation: Dignitas ll8t
alicujus !tonesta, et cultu et honore et verecundia digna aucto.
ritas. Cie. In ojJicio colendo sita vita est h o 1t e s t a s omnis,
et in negligendo turpitudo. Id. ,
352. DILAPIDARE, DISSIPARE. Dilapidare, properly,
to pull down, pull asunder a heap.of stones; spending one's
fortune by dissipation, down to nothing: Conveniundus Phor.
mio est, priusquam di la pi de t nostras triginta minas, lit
auferamus. Ter. Dis8ipare, strewing about that which
belongs together, diffusing: Statuam istius deturbant, como
minuunt, di8sipant. Cic. Ignis totis 8e passim di88ipa.
vit castris. Liv. Dissipare fortunas alicujus. Cie.
353. DISCERNERE, INTERNOSCERE, DISTINGUERE, SECO.
!CBRE. Di s ce r n e r e, seeing two or more things as different
things, distinguishing, so that we do not take the one for the
other, e. g. alba et atra: Di8cernit, quid 8it ejusdem gene
ris, quid alterius. Cic. Interno8cere, knowing one from
among others, knowing him by known marks of distinctioD,
and distinguishing him thus from others: Mater gemino8 in
ternoscit consuetudine oculorum. Cie. Distiftguere,
distinguishing something by aceurate delineation from other
things: Numerum in cadentibus gutti8, quod intervallis di8.
tinguuntur, notare possumus. Cie., also that
something be mueh distinguished from something else, easily
known. Pocula ex auro gemmis erant di8tincta. Id., oro
namented. Secernere, separating by sifting: Bestia 8e
cernunt pestfera a 8alutaribus. Cie.
354. DISCIPLINA, DOCTRINA, PRECEPTUM. Disciplina,
that which is learned, inasmueh as it oceupies the disciple,
the learner; instruction, and the whole education which he
receives, and the instruction or system, in as far as it tenches
methodically the branch of a scienee: Ad Druidas magnua
adolescentium numerus di s ci P li n a causa concurrit. Mag
num ibi numerum versuum ediscere dicuntur: itaque annos
nonnulli vicenos in di8ciplina permanent. Creso Mago.
rum di s ci p li n a scientiaque. Cic. Do c tri n a, the instruc
tion which a teaeher gives, and the knowledge requisite for
this; also evcry science: Do c tri n a pretium triste magster,
172_ 355. Discrimen. 356. DisertlU.
habet. Ovid. Hamo. disertissimw et amni doctrina oma-
tissimw. Cie. Praceplum, 262, the instruetion given 88
preeept, rule: Pracepta dicendi, vivendi, dare, t ~
dere. Cie.
355. DISCRIMEN, DIFFERENTIA, DISCREPANTIA, DIVERS-
TAS; PERICULUM, DIMICATIO. Discrimen, that which di&-,
tinguishes two things from eaeh other, makes the difference
between them, by whioh they are discriminated: Duo maria
pertenui discrimine separantur. Cie., i. e. Isthmo. The
differenee of two things, if tbey have suoh qualities that they
can be distinguished from one another, is expressed by Dif-
ferentia, if the two things are therehy kept from one an-
,ather, are different things; by Discrepantia, wantof har-
mony, disagreement, if they do not harmonize (sound, chime)
together, henee the name; Diversitas, diversity, if they
deviate from one another, have, as it were, a different direc-
tion, are diverging: Differentia hanesti et decori. Cie.
OcuZi in homine numerosissima varietatis atque differen-
Ha: grandiares, modici, parvi, praminentes, conditi. Plio.,
Discrepantia scripti et voluntatis. Cie., want of agree-
ment or harmony. &so. cuique voz, sicut facies. ,Hincilla
gentium totque linguarum tato orbe di v er si t as. Plin.-
Discrimen, the distinguishing point, that whieh gives the de-
cision,on whieh it turns; P ericulum, the attempt, by which
we ohtain experienee while we are therehy exposed to danger,
the trial, the danger itself, the risk; Dimicatio, 253, strog-
gle against a great danger, when something important is. at
stake: TatiU$ belli in uni/IB tiri vita po.sittm est discri--
meno Cie. Siculi valunt m'ea fidei diligentiaque pericu-
lum facere, qui in1lOcentia abstinentiaque fecerunt. Id.
Publicum periculum erat ti vi tempestatis '" iis, f[IUB por-
tarentur ad exercitw. Liv. In tanta dimicatione capitu,
fama, fortunarumque omnium ab Jove pacem peto. Cie.
356. DlSERTUS, ELOQ,UENS, FACUNDUS. Disertus, oC
ready speeeh, one who is able to deliver something in good
order, clearly and perspiouously; E la quena, eloquent, well-
speaking, used of the eompletely trained orator, aeeording to
art; Facundus, speaking fluently, he who finds it easy to
speak, and who is not wanting in words, used of natural
eloquenee, perhaps expressed by our well.spoken: Eum sta-
t'uebam disertum, qui posset satis acute atque dilucide,'
apud mediocres homines, 8JJ call1muni quadam opinione homi-,
_num dicere; eloquentem vero,qui mirabiliw et magnVi-
357. DiBpar. 360. Diu. 173
centius augere posset atque omare, qua vellet, omneaq1lS om-
lIium rerum, qua ad dicend1'm pertinerent,jontes animo atque
7MmOra contineret. Cie. Caligula e 1 o q u e n tia plurimum
altendit, quantumvis jacundus et promtua. Suet.
857. DISPAR, IMPAR, DISPARILIS, DISSI1'4ILIS. Di.par,
not entirely equal, uneven, that whieh does not make a pair
with another thing on aeeount of disproportion; Impar, un-
even (as of a number), unequal, whieh does not make a pair
on aeeount of total absenee of the requisite qualities; Dispa-
rilis, that which witb diffieulty, on account of frequent and
rapid change, can be made equal: Disparibus septem
compacta cicutis fistula. Virgo Erant trigemini jratrea, nec
atate nee viribus dispares. Liv. Stellarum numenu par
an impar sit, nescitur. Cie. Hannibali par audacia Ro-.
manus, consilio et viribus impar. Liv. Cali .varietas el
ilisparilis aspiratio terrarum. Cie., altemating. Di88i-
milis, dissimilar, quality: Dispares more.
disparia studia .eqwntur, quorum di88imilitudo dis-
sociat amicitias. Cie.
358. DISSENSIO, DISSIDIU1'4, DISCIDIUM, DISCORDIA.. Di ...
ensio, disagreement in opinion and' disposition, e. g. de
jure: Animorum disjunctio di88ensionem jacit. Ce.
Dissidium, dissension, discord, if two persons on aecount
of dscord keep themselves far from one another: Quod una
non eatis, non dissensione ac di88idio veatro, sed tlO-
l"ntate ac judicio tuo jactum esto Cie. Discidium, forej-
ble separation: Manet memoria, etiam in di s cid i o publi-
corum jaderum, privati juris. Liv. Nero uturbat Oetaviflflll
-civilis diseidii specie. Tae.,ofdivorce. Discordia,
discord, as tbe result of striving for different aims: Duas ex
una eivitate discordia jecerat. Liv.
359. DlSTANTIA, INTERVALLUM, SPATIUM. Distantia.
distanee of one thing flOm another: Tanta est inter bonos el
improbos, quanta ma.r'ma po test esse, morum studiorumtJ1'6
distantia. Cie. Interv allum, spaee between two thiDgs:
Trabes varibus in ter v a II i s distantes inter se binos pedea,
in solo eollocantur: ea intervalla sa.ris effarciuntur. Cals.
Spatiltm, tbe spaee into whieh something may be received,
in whieb sometbing can be done: Inter duas aces tantum eral
relictum s p a t i i, ut satis esset aa concursum utriusque exer-
citus. Creso
360. DIU, DUDUM, PBIDEM. -Diu, long, a long time, ill
general: llle vult di u hic di u vitit; - &pef'aI
15-
174 361. DivtJrBU.8. 863. Dividere.
adoleseens, diu 8e vieturom. Cie. Dudum(diu-dum),
already a long time, this long while, eonnects the length oC
time with now, to exprese the weariness and tediousness oC
this duration of time: Vide, quam dudum hie OO8to el pul.
to I Plaut. Antonium j a m d u d u m Cotta et SulpiciU8 e::.
apeetant. Cic., already a long time. Pridem, a long time
ago, of things which belong to a time having passed away
long before the one we speak in: Sermo hue evasit, quam
pridem mi pater et mater mortui eS8ent: dieo, jam diu.
Ter. Ad te jam pridem de testamento 8mpsi. Cie.
361. D1VERSUS, VAIUUS. Diversu8, different, not the
same, that which may be distinguished by marks peculiar to
it; Varius, variegated, party-colored, changing, changa-
able, that whieh by many changes distinguishes i!Self from
the others of its class: Di ver 8 i dissipatique in omnes ~
tes fogiunt. Cres" in different directions. Diffieile est, ea,
qua eommodis, utilitate et pro pe natura di ver s a sunt, vo
luntale eonjungere. Cie. Va Ti e t a s proprie quidem in d'.
paribus eoloribus dicitur: 8ed transfertur in multa disparia;
vari",m poema, varia oralio, varii more8, variafor.
tuna; . voluptas etiam va r i a dici solet, quum pereipitur
e multis dis8imilibus rebus di88imiliter e.ffteientibus 'Dolup-
tates. Id.
362. DIVES, FORTUNATUS, LOCUPLES, OPULENTUS. Di
ves, rich, he who has an abundanee of aU Sorts of goods,
gene rally temporal or earthly ones: Dive8, est, cu tanta
possessio est, ut ad liberaliter vivendum faeile eontentus sit.
- Animus hominis di ves, non arca appellari 8olet. Cie.
Fortunatus, fortunate, favored by fortune, possessed of
goods: Ecquis me hodie vivit fortunatior 1 Ter. Quid
vos hane tenuem seclamini pradam, quibus licetjam esse foro
tunatis8imis'l Creso Locples, rich in real estate, and
he who has every thing in plenty: A locorom possessionibus
locupletes vocabantur. Cic. Copiis re familiaria loeu-
pletes. Id. Testis locuples. Id., creditable, offull value.
Opule7ltus, rich in means, gold and goods, power and in-
fiuence, rich, powerful: Crasus, re:e Anal oplllenti88i.
mus, Cic. Opulentior factio lenuit urbem. Liv.
363. DIVIDERE, PARTlRl, SEPARARE, DIRIMERE, DIRIBERE.
Divdere, separating from one another, disuniting a whole
into its component parts; Par t i r e, dividing, making di.
visions so that the separated parts stand in a certain proportion
to each other: Om7Ie corpus 8eeari ae di 'D id i potest. Cie

364. Divortiua. 367: Docere. 175
.In circo loca divisa Patrilnu Equitibusque. Liv., -parti-
t.ioned off. Cum liberia vivi bona nostra partimur. Cic.
:Separare, separating, so that something comes out of aU
connexion with another thing: Privati ac separati agri
apud S"e'Oos nihil esto Ces. Dirimere, not allowing a
union or connexion to take place, enemies not to come lo an
issue: Hispania, ab Africa angusto diremta freto. Liv.
Drimere certamen, prrelium, connubium, pacern. Diri-
mere s"ffragia, tabellas, selecting and counting out the
votes (tablets) in comitia or cour18; but Diribere tabellas,
335, distributing these table18 among the people or judges :
Licinius Macer, repetundarom reuso dum sententB diribe-
rentur, in Menianum c01l8cendit. Val. Max. Indicant ta-
bulre publicre, vos rogatores, vos diribitores, vos custodes
foisse tabellarom. Cie.
364. DIVORTlUM, DIFFARREATlO, REPUDlUM. Divorti-
um, lawful divorce, when, upon the molion of the husband,
the separation from the lawful (connubio, 260) uxor was form-
aUy confirmed by a family court: Tune repudiatam tu
credis uxorern, quum res suas sibi habere jussa est, quum egre-
di domo. Quinctil. Declam. Diffarreato-genus eral
sacrificii, qua nter virom et mulierem fiebat dissolutio, dicta
dffarreatio, qua fiebat farreo libo adhbito. Festus.
But, since a marriage concluded by the confarreato was to
be indissoluble, it would appear that diffarreatio was only the
of the sacrifice on aecount of sorne bad omen:
Confarreationes tonitro dirimit. Servo ad V. JEn. 4,374.
365. DlURNUS, QUOTIDIANUS. Diurnus, daily, that
which belongs to the day-time, and returns every duy, opp.
nocturnus: f.Juoa est ternpus, qua illi non cantent, vel diur-
n u m, vel nocturnum '! Cic. Labores di u r n i nocturnique
domi militia!que. Id. Quotidanus, daily, whigh day by
day is repeated: Homines spes prredandi ah agricultura el
quotidiano labore revocabat. Ces., the same work, which
is daily performed. Quotidiani m/U-ime fiebant sum-
tus. Nep. .
366. DlUTINUS, DlUTURNUS. Diutnus, wearisome, that
which las18 longer than we wish: Desiderium libertatis odi-
umque diutince servitutis. Cic. lasting long,
respecting the long space of time only: Macedonia vi;; se
potest diuturna pace recreare. Cic.
367. DOCERE, EnuDIRE, IMBUERE; DOCTUS, EKUDlTUS,
PERITUS, GNAIlUS; DOCTOR, MAGlSTER, PRECEPTOR, P &DA-
176
368. Dolium.
GOGUS, LITERATUS, LITERATOR, PROFESSOR. Do cere, teach-
jng, iD order to inerease the koowledgc of another; Eru-
dire, properly, to un-rude him, instruet, to free him from
ignomnce; Imbuere, properly, immerging, imparting doc-
trines, knowledge, opioioDS, sentiments, skill, by times, 80
that they enter deeply and are not forgotten again: Non per-
jectusliteris,sed imbutus. Suet., ofelementary instruetion.
Cicero per legatos cuneta edoctus. Sall., thoroughly in-
formed. Oratorem erudire in jure civili. Cie. Paren-
tium praceptis imbuti ad eorum consueludnem moremque
deducimur. Id. Pueri animum tenerum bonis opinionibu8
imbuere. Id.-Doctus, he who is seientifieallyeducated,
he who knows thoroughly and systematieally what he know8,
who is master of his seienee; Eruditus (he who has been
freed of rudeness), he that is rich in, well-stored with
edge, learning, originally he that has been raised out of tbe
rude, untauglrt slate into knowledge ;P e r i tus, experienced,
who by experience and practice has obtained knowJedge;
Gnarus, versed, expert, having perfeet knowledge of a sub-
Ject: Memmius juit do c t u s ex disciplina Stoicorum. Ce.
Epicurus non satis polilus est iis artibus, quas qui tenent.
eruditi appellantur. Id. .Ad ea eligenda, qua dubitationem
afferunt, adhibere doctos homines, vel etiam usu peritos.
-Sisenna, doctus vir, gnarus rei publica. Id.-Doc-
tor, teacher, as the person fully versed in a branch, and
giving thorough instruction in it; Magister, taacher, as
master of a science, and directing an institution as principal ;
Praceptor, inasmuch as he gives direction for the applica-
tion and practice of his science or art; Padagogus, the
superintendent over children, who taught good manners, the
rudiments of knowledge, and apure pronunciation; Li t e-
ratuB and Literator, expounder of poets, a scholar of
Janguages; Projessor, a public teacher of a specific sci-
ence or art; lhese latter designations are used by Jater
writers only: Considerare oportet, quos qus habuerit artiWl&
liberalium magislros, quas vivendi praceptores. Ce.
P a d a g o g i jure velustatis plurimum postt,za-
bant. Id.
368. DOLIUM, (CUPA), SERIA, ORCA, AMPRORA, CADUS,
URCEUS, LAGENA. Lying vessels for liquids: Dolium, a
larger barrel of clay, at a Jater period of wood, differing from
the Cupa, \Vine-tub, which was, at the upper end,opeo aod
wider than below; Seria, a barrel, longer than the other
369. Dolor. 371. Dominus. " 1'77
vessels: Relevi dolia omn"ia,omnes 8eria8. Ter. Orca,
a still smaUer barrel, similar in form to the dolium aod sena,
keg: Orca jervore musti rupta. Varr. Vessels standing
up: A m p h o r a, a vessel of clay, eotirely round, provided
with two handles at the upper end, and a narrow mouth, for
the preservationof wine, after it had gone through the requi.
site fermentation in the dolia; Cadus, larger, of the same
kind, without handles; containing two amphora and a half:
Hie dies jestus r,ortieem adstrietum piee demovebit ampJr.o.
ra fumum bibere instituta. Hor. Urceus, a pitcher of
cIay, with a handle, to draw liquids, to obtain them out of
another vessel, well, &c.; Lagena, a flask of clay, with
oarrow neck and haodles, in which the wioe was carried 00
the table: Mater nostra lagenas etiarn. inanes obsigna-
bato Cic.
369. DOLOR, MeEROR, MeESTITIA, TRISTITIA, LucTUs.
Dolor, pain, that acute sensation which is caused by a great"
}(l8S, or any other disagreeablc occurrence, especially wheo
this sensation or feeling is fresh, lately caused: Huic nihiZ
possit offensionis aceedere sine acp.rbissimo animi Jensu ac
do lo re" Cic. M re r o r, grief, afHition, the deep but sileot,
dumb pain at the misfortune or loss bf a beloved object, which
has obtained a hold of our soul, so much so that it becomee
visible: Magnnm do lorem, vel mrerorem potius ez ero-
deli et miserabili morte C. Trebonii accepimus. Cie. M (JJo
8titia, protraeted melaneholy, in consequence of deep
affiietion, as quality; Tristitia, afHietioo, ioasmuch as it
manifests itself by gestures and expression of the face: La
crimis ac tristitia te" tradidisti. Cic. Luctus, mouro
ing and mournfulness, within, and inasmuch as it is mani
fested by the appearance both of the man himself and his
dress: In luetu et squalore sumo Cie., (see Squalore.)
370. DOMARE, SUBIGERE, CONDOCEFACERE. Domare,
breaking, overcoming, violently making one's self master oC
something, and depriving it of its forces of resistanee: leones,
equos, gentes jeras; d o m ita s habere libidines. Cie. Su b.
igere, subjugate, forcing to something; properly, driving
down to something: Subigitque jatcri commissa piacula.
Virgo Nulla gens est, qure non aut ita subacia sit, ut v
ustet, aut ita domita, ut qltiescat. Cie. Condocejacere,
drilling, breaking for a eertain purpose: Feris beluis utimur
domitis et eondocejactis, ut elephantis. Cie.
371. DOMINUS, Huus. Dominu8, be who poaaessoa
372. DomUs.
something as property, and has free power overit, master, as
proprietor: Adolescens lUlrum est do minus adium. Ter.
Hirus (German Herr, connected with hehr, elevated), mas-
ter, in as far as he is elevated aboye something, as the master
of slaves, the father of the bouse: Sed iis, qui vi oppru,o,
imperio coercent, sit sane adhibenda SGlwitia, ut heril in
famulos. Cic. Thus Domina, Hera.
372. DOMUS, INsuLA, TECTUM, HABITATIO, MANSIO, Do
MICILlUM, SEDES; FAMILIA. Domus, 38, dwellinghouse oC
the family, with its out-houses; In s u 1 GI, a single, insulated
dwellinghouse, witbout out-buildings, on an open space; aleo
a number, cluster, or row of such houses in a separate p l ~
which belong to one owner, and in which lodgers (inquilim)
live: Clodii in s u 1 a est venalis, cujus hic (Ccelius) in atli-
culis habitat. Cic. Prater immensum numerum in s u lar u..,
d o m u s prscorum ducum arserunt. Suet. Te c t u m, a bouse,
inasmuch as we are there under a roof: Quoniam jam 1104:
est, in vestra tecta discedite. Cic. Habitatio, a room,
inasmuch as we live in it, and a house, as dwelling-place,
habitation, tbe lodging of a lodger, i. e. a hired lodging: Vil-
licoju:ctajanuamfiat habitatio. Colum. Mercedes habi.
t a ti o n u m annuas conductoribus donavit. Creso M a n, i D,
the place where one stops, night's lodging: Ad primam sta-
tim mansionemfebrim nactus esto Suet.-Domus, horne,
inasmuch as it indicates a place, hence only domi, domum.
domo: Domo Carthaginienses sunt. Plaut. Domiciliu1ll,
home, as place of dwelling, where we are at home, domi.
cile; Se d e s, seat, where we seU le down, settle domes-
tically: Quum Arcltias domicilium Roma mullos jam
annos haberet. Cic. Cerebrum, cor, pulmones, jecur SU1
domicilia vita. Id. Advens locum ac sedes parare ..
Cres.-Domus, the house, i. e. the father ofthe bouse, with
aU the family, i. e. those that live with him, also a race, with
its founder, as we use house when we say the house of Aus-
tria: D o m u s te nos/.ra tota saluta/.. Cie. Quod genUl el
proavos et regia nomina jactas, clara satis domus halc no-
bilitate sua esto Ovid. Familia, an the servants ofa man,
his children and servants, also his clients, h.is people, and the
direct line of sorne founder, bearing his name: Familia,
qua constat ex servis pluribus. Cic. OrgetirJ: ad judciua
omnem suam fa mil i a m, ad hominum millia decem, undiqw
coe git. Creso Honesta fa m 1 i a plebeia et proavUl el t.I17U
pratores fuerunt. Ce.
373. Donum. 376. Ducere.
.'
179
373. DoNUM, MUNUS, PR..EMIUM; DONAllJUM, STRENA.
Donum, gift freely given j MllnUS, a present, to give whieh
tbe giver feels himself obliged in sorne sort or other: Do-
.um hoc divinum rationis et consilii oominilnuJ impertitUfIL
Cie. Quod munu, rei publica a:lferre majus PO'SUfIIUS,
guam si docemus atque erudimus juventutem 1 Id. Pramium,
prize for exertions, honorable reward for merit: CtBSar his,
'lui primi murum adscendissent, p r m i a proposuit. CIIlS.-
Donum, gift in general, any thing given, e. g. militare; do-
Dation: Latini coronam auream Jovi donum in Capitolium
.ittunt. Liv. Donarium, a votive gift, something given
ftoom respeet to the gods, to propitiate them, &e., and tha
place in the temple where they were preserved: Templum
tlonariis amare. Aur. Viet. Strena, a festival gift, 8uch
as were given on a newyear's day: Tiberius strena'rufl&
commercium prohibuit, ne ultra Kalendas Ja1waras ezerce
retur. Suet.
374. DORMIRE, STERTERE, DORMITARE, SOPlRE. Dor-
.. ire, sleeping: Jacet corpus dormientis, ut mortui. Cie.
SterUre, snoring whilst sleeping: Ita stertebat, ut ego
tcinus audirem. Cie. Dormitare, being sleepy,and Iying
in a fast sleep: Te do r m ita r e aiebas; cubitum hinc abii-
rmu. Plaut. Arte et graviter dormitare. Cie. Sopire,
making to fall asleep, lull into fast sleep: Tiburtini tibicines
invitant, el vino oneratos sopiunt. Liv. [Falling aslep is
,opiri.]
375. DORSUM, TERGUM, TERGUS. Dorsum, baek, as.
elevated part of the animal body from the neck to the hind-
quarters: Asellus gravius dorso subiit onus. Hor. Jugum
montis in angtlstum dorsum cuneatum. Liv. Tergum,
ba.ck, as the side which is turned off, reverse: Manus post
tergum revincire. Virgo Terga vertere. Cms. Tergus,
iris, the skin of the baek, see 309. Dtlrissimum dorso
ter gus eleph41lto1"Um. Plin.
376. DUCERE, DUCTARE, TRAHERE; HABERE, PERHIBEJlE\.
Ducere, drawing after one's self, leaning; Ductare,lead-
ing about, mocking, making fun of some on: Duxit oones-
tissimi "iri filiam. Cie., marrying (Ieading to a home).
Nisi r ~ argemum, frustra me ductare non potes. Plaut.
Ezercitu:m ductare, instcad of ducere, in SalJustius, has
found no imitators. Tral,ere, pulling, dragging, is more
foJcible than ducere: Spe dllci; Aliquem trahere atl
supplicium. Ducunt "olentem Jata, n o ~ tral&unt.
)78 372. DomUs.
something as property, and has free power over-it, master, as
proprietor: Adolescens lUlrum est dominus tBdium. Ter.
Herus (German Herr, eonneeted with hehr, elevated), mas-
ter, in as far as he is elevated above something, as tha master
of sIaves, the father of the house: &d iis, qui vi oppre81108
imperio coercent, sit sane adhibenda srevitia, ut heris i"
famulos. Cie. Thus Domina, Hera.
372. DOMUS, IN SULA, TECTUM, fuBITATIO, MANSIO, Do-
lIIICILlUM, SEDES; FAMILIA. Domus, 38, dwellinghouse of
the family, with its out-houses; Insula, a single, insulated
dwellinghouse, without out-buildings, on nn open spaee; alBO
a number, cluster, or row of sueh houses in a separate p l ~
whieh belong to one owner, and in whieh lodgers (inquilim)
live: Clodii in s u 1 a est venalis, cujus hic (Crelius) in tBdi-
culis habitat. Cie. Prreter immensum numerum insularu...,
domus priscorum ducum arserunt. Suet. Tectum, a house,
inasmueh as we are there under a roof: Quoniam jam ~
est, in vestra tecta discedite. Cie. Habitatio, a room,
inasmueh as we live in it, and a house, as dwelling-place,
habitation, the lodging of a lodger, i. e. a hired lodging: V'tl-
licojuxtajanualnfiat habitatio. Colum. Mercedes habi-
tationum annuas conductoribus donavit. Creso Ma'llsio,
the place where one stops, night's lodging: Ad primam sta-
tim mansionemfebrim nactus esto Suet.-Domus, home,
inasmueh as it indieates a place, henee only do mi, domum,
domo: Domo Carthaginienses sunt. Plaut. Domiciliu1ll,
home, as place of dwelling, where we are at home, domi-
cile; S e d e s, seat, w here we scttle down, seule domes-
tically: Quum Arcltias domicilium Romre mullos jam
annos haberet. Cie. Cerebrum, cor, pulmones, jecur stml
domicilia vitre. Id. Advenis locum ac sedes parare .
Cres.-Domus, the house, i. e. the father ofthe house, with
al! the family, i. e. thosc that live with him, also a raee, with
its founder, as we use house when we say the house of Aus-
tria: D o m u s te nostra tota salutal. Cie. Quod genw el
proavos et regia nomina jactas, clara satis domus hOlc "O-
bilitate sua esto Ovid. Familia, all the servants ofa man,
his ehildren and servants, also his clients, h.is people, and the
direet line of so me founder, bearing his name: Familia,
qure constal ex servis pluribus. Cie. OrgetOriJ: ad judiciU711
omnem suam familiam, ad hominum millia decem, undiq".
coegit. Creso Honestre familire plebeire et proavwet CZI1U
prClllores fuerunt. Cie. _
373. Donum. 376. Ducere.
.'
1'79
373. DON'uH, MUNUS, PRlEMIUH; DONARlUM, STRENA.
Donum, gift freely given; Munus, a presant, to give wbicb
tbe giver feels bimself obliged in sorne sort or otber: Do-
Kum hoc divinum rationis et consilii lwminilnl& impertituna.
Ce. Quod munu, rei publica u,fferre majull poSsumul,
quam si docemus af,que erudimus juventutem 1 Id. P r a m i u m,
prize for exertions, honorable reward for merit: ClEIlar his,
qui primi murum adscendissent, p r a m i a proposuit. Cms.-
Donum, gift in general, any tbing given, e. g. militare; do-
nation: Latini coronam /lIU"eam Jovi dOllum in Capitolium
lllittunt. Liv. Donarium, a votive gift, something given
&oro respect to tbe gods, to propitiate tbem, &c., and tbe
place in the temple where tbey were preserved: Templum
tlonariill ornare. Aur. Victo Strena, a festival gift, such
as were given on a new-year's day: Tiberius strenarum
commercium prohibuit, ne ultra Kalendas Jatw.arias e;;erce-
reJ:r. Suet.
374. DORMIRE, STERTERE, DORMITARE, SOPlRE. Dor-
aire, sleeping: Jacet corpus dormientill, ut mortui. Cic.
Stertere, snoring whilst sleeping: Ita 8tertdat, ut ego
ricimJ,s audirem. Cic. Dormitare, being sleepy, and lying
in a fast sleep: Te dormitare aiebas; cubitum hinc abii-
mus. Plaut. Arte et graviter dormitare. Cie. Sopire,
making to fa)) asleep, lull into fast sleep: Tiburtini tibicines
invitant, et vino onerato8 sopiunt. Liv. [Falling asleep is
sopin.]
375. DORSUM, TERGUH, TERGUS. Dorsum, baek, as,
elevated part of the animal body from the neek to the hind-
quarters: A,lellus gravius do r s o subiit onus. Hor. Jugum
montis in angtlstum dorsum cuneatum. Liv. Tergum,
back, as tbe side wbieb is turned off, reverse: Manus po,t
tergum revincire. Virgo Terga vertere. Cres. Tergus,
Oris, tbe skin of the back, see 309. Durissimum do r 8 o
tergus elephantorum. Plin.
7 ~ DUCERE, DUCTARE, TRAHERE; HABERE, PERmBEIlE'.
Ducere, drawing after one's self, leaning; Ductare,lead-
ing ahout, mocking, making fun of sorne on: Du:tit lwnes-
tissimi "ir, jiliam. Cie., marrying (Ieading to a borne).
Ni feres argentum, frustra me ductare non potes. Plaut.
&ercitum d"ctare, instead of ducere, in Sallustius, bas
found no imitators. Tral.ere, pulling, dragging, is more
forcible than ducere: Spe duci; Aliquem trahere atl
appliciutn. Ducunt "olentem fata, n o ~ trahunt.
180 377. Dulcis. 378. Dum.
Senee. Trahimur omnes laudis sludio, et optirau ~
manme gloria ducitur. Cie. Ducere bellum, draggIDg
on the wsr, intentionally prolonging it; trahere, proloog-
ing it beyond what one might or ought to have done, from
want of energy. -Ducere, holding something to be such or
sueh, in the seose of drawing conclusions (rationem dltcere) :
Priore se consilio, quod optimum d u c e r e t, cum potentVriao
populo per ingells benejicium perpetl/,am firmare poum QIIIi-
citiamque. Liv. Habere, holding to be, if we have ended
the drawing eonc1usions (ducere) , and aet accordingly, though
it be only according to ressons of probability; hence, Orattt,
ne se in hostium numero duceret. Cres., 6, 32, ReductD8
in hoslium numero habuit. Id., 1,28. 6,6. Perhibere,
considering, holding to be, with convietion and in faet: Ben,e
qui conjiciet, vatem hunc perhibebo optimum. Cic.
377. DULCIS, SUAVIS, JUCUNDUS, GRATUS, AM<ENUS. DuZ-
ci s, sweet, that which produces the highest e ~ of pIcas-
urable sensation, e. g. mel, pomum, nectar, sous, epstola.
Omne animal sentit et duZ ci a . el amara. Cic. Su a" i s,
sweet, lovely, agreeable, designates the sensation which the
dulce produces: Aqual pofu' suavissimal. Plin. Rad:
suavissimi gustus et odom. Id. Suave rubena hyaci ..
thus. Virgo Jucundus, delightful, joyful, that which de-
Iights at the same time the inner sense: Juvare in utroque
(et corpore et animo) dicitur, ex eoque jucndum. Cic.
Commune patrium solum dulce est atque jucundum. Id.
Gratus, grateful, that which produces pleastirable sensation,
and on that account is welcome, liked by us: Gratior el
pulchro veniens in corpore vir.tus. Virgo F1tit mihi Zaudis
nostral gratulatio tua jucunda, et timors consolatio gra-
ta. Cic. AlIHlmus, fine, pleasing, espeeially of scenery
which has a cheerful, serene appearance; later writers use it
also of objects of taste: Ita me Venus a "' al1l a amet. Plaut.
Ego laudo roris amreni rivos. Hor. Senecal foil ingeni-
um amamum. Tae.
378. DUM, DONEC, QUOAD. Dum, during, whilst, points
at something within the present time, and something near, or
which was present at the time we speak of; Donec (obso-
.lete Dorricum, i. e. dum-cum), so long until, until, desig-
nates the idea expressed by while, more aceurately; Quoad,
as long as, so long as, stands as a relative which refers 10 a
demonstrative in the next sentence, though this demonstrative
be but imagined: Homi1le8, dum docenl, discunt. Sanee.
379. Dumttm. 381. Duplu:.
181
Doftec en. feli:J:, multol numerabis amic08. Ovid. LtWJ
fW'R difecisSel, clamor ulr.dalusque in castra Macedo_
foil, donec luna in suam lucememersit. Liv. Epamiftontla
at!Ircf';batur luctando ad eum .ft.mm, q u o a d stam compkcti
possel adversarium. Nep.
379. DUMTAXAT, SOLU., TANTUM, MODO, SOLuM-TAN-
Tl1JOIODO, NONNISI. Da.tazat, in the mean time only,
limitll to a definite duration: Coluntur amicitial simulatiofle
tl.mtareat ad tempus. Ce. Solum, only, alone, excluding
. all the rest: Nos nuntialionem s o 1 u m habemus, cOMUles el
reliqui magistralus etiam speclionem. Cie. Tantum,only,
aceording to tbe degree.of quantity, in eontradistinetion to tbe
negation: Nomen tantum virtutis usurpas: quid ipsa "a-
leal, ignoras. Cie. M o d o, only, in tbe sense of moderating,
restrieting: Omnes, qui ea mediocriter m o d o considerant.
Cie., and strengtbening tbe sense: Unam solummodo Ze-
nons statuam vendidit Cato. Plin. Torquatus suppressa
"oce di:J:it, tan t u m m o d o ut vos u:audire Cie.
Nonnisi, only, makes an exception afier a negation: Drv.-
6US, nullo tum alio hoste, non nisi apud Germanias adsequi
ftDmen imperatorium el deportare lauream poteral. Tae.
380. DUMUS, VEPRES, SEN TES, RUBUS. Dmus, a clus-
ter of tough, wildly-entwined vines, whicb rather impede than
wouDd: Animadverti columellam e dumis eminentem. Ce.
Ve,res, plural, viDes with tborns: o"ibus hirsuti secuerunt
corpQra vepres. Virgo Sentes, plural, thorn-bushes, with
sharp, pointed thorns, e. g. bawtborn: Hamatis pracordia
,eatibus implet. Ovid. Rubus, blackberry: Rubus el
sentes tanlummodo ladere nata. Ovid.
381. DUPLEX, DUPLUS, GEMINUS, GEMELLU' Duplete,
twofold, twiee, indieates tbe multiple, how many times a
tbing. single. or by another, exists; Duplus, double, indio.
cates, as proportionaJ number, bow ofien ODe magnitude is tu
be taken, in order to express tbe measure of another, so that
this may also stand for tbe other, e. g. duplere stip6ftdium.
Cals., but not vice versa: Duplices tendens ad sidera pal-
mas. Virgo Pecuniam sacram wblatam. conquiri, duplam-
que in thesauros reponi jusit. Liv. Gem"us, double,
aceording to birth, twin; hence also of two things essentially
agreeing according to tbeir destination: Frat1'es gemi"i,
.Amphion atque Zethus. Plaut. Par est avaritia, similis i",-
probitas, eadem impudentia, gemina audacia. Cie., twin
8Iter. Gemellus, beJonging to one like twinS,
16
182 382. Durtia. 385. Edere.
poetieal :. Prolem g e m e 11 a m pignora Lucina bin f4fJeaU
dedi. Ovid. Poma cohrzrentia et gemella. Plin., whieh
hang by one stem.
382. DURITIA - ES, DURITAS, RIGOR, SEVERITAS. Dl,-
ritia, hardness, as essential external property; Duritiu,
as internal: Serpens defensus duritia pe1lis. Ovid. Pa-
tientiam imitatur duritia immanis. Cie. Calculi in joci-
neribus dttritie lapillis similes. Plin. Duritas, as the
quality; the repulsive manner, unfriendliness, opp. camita:
Aliqui duritatem et severitatem quandam verbis sequun-
tu,.. Cie. Rigor, the being stiff, impliability, rigor, which
does not yield, e. g. fem, animi: Sa:ca ponere duritiena
C ~ p e r e , suumque rigorem. Ovid. Severitas, severity,
gravity, which is striet and punetual: Id supplicium hujua
imperii sevf.ritas postulabat. Qic.
,.' ..
E.
383. EBRIETAS, CRAPULA, EBRIOSltAS, TEMULENTIA, VI-
NOLENTIA. Ebrietas, intoxieation, as quality of the inlox-
ieated person, drunkenness: E brietas operta recludit. Hor.
Crapula, intoxication, as the slate of the intoxicated man,
in which he finds himself, as the word excitement is now
sOlfletimes delicately used; the state of privation of seoaes,
dizLiness, brought on by drinking (the German Rusch; the
Germans therefore say, he has a Rausch): Edormi crapu-
lamo Cic. Ebriositas, inclination to intoxieation, intem-
perance, maniaof drinking; Temulentia, that degree of
drunkenness when the head is gone entirely (in German,
Taumel, the state in which the person vacillates from one side
lo arother): Alexander amicos in t e m u 1 e n tia interernit.
Plin. Vi n o 1 e n tia, inclination to immoderate wine-drink-
ing: Quid furiosam v in o 1 e n tia m tuam proferam 1 Cic.
384. ECCE, EN. En, look! see 1 points at sometbing
present; E c c e, lo 1 see here! points at something to be re-
marked, deserving attention: En quatuor ara; ecce duas
tibi, Daphni, duas, altara, Phrebo. Virgo
385. EDERE, COMEDE RE, MANDERE, MANDUCARE, Gus-
TARE, VORARE; PASCI, VESCI, PABULARI; EDAX, GULOSUS,
VORAX. E d e r e, eating, i. e. in biting; taking in nutriment;
00 m e d e r e, eating up, consuming: Hodie te istic rmuce
386. Educere. 388. Ejulare.
188
comedissent. Cie. Mandere, ehewing, mastieating,
crushing the food: Dentibus manditur atque ab his ez..
tenuatur et molitur cibus. Cie. Manducare,playing, act-
ing the chewer (mandeus), performing visibly the aet of
chewing, grotesquely: Pullos columbinos manducato can-
dido farciunt pane. Varr. Negant recte dici, piscem vel
aliud tenerum quid manduco, sed potius edo. M andu-
catur autem, quod denti reluctatur. Diomed. It is ehewing
hard. Gustare, tasting, eating moderately, and so that we
perceive aecurately the taste f the food, enting with gastro-
nomie altention: Nos in -e8sedo panem et palmulas gustavi;.
mus. Suet. Vorare, devouring, gulping down without
previous mastication: Animalia ala carpunt, ala v orant,
ala mandunt. Cie. Pasci, feeding, with pleasure and
Cor momentary want, of animals, e. g. Sues pascuntur
glande; tropiealIy of men: lll et scelere pascun-
tur. Cic., delighting in. Vesci, to nourish one'!:! self, takingas
nourishment: Penus estomne,quo vescuntur homnes. Ce.
Pabulari, feeding on the pasture (German weiden), eating
Codder, procuring fodder, foraging: Capra placide ac lente
pabuletur. Colum. Pabulandi frumentandique causa
progred. CIIlS. - E d ax, one who eats much, e. g. para-
litus; ignis, cura. Gulosus, who has too large a throat,
who makes the gula (English gullet) his most important part,
benee gourmand, French, and dainty (gourmet); Vorax,
greedyand devouring in quantity .(German- Fresser), e. g.
Charybds, voracious.
386. EDUCERE, EDUCARE, TOLLERE. Educere, rear-
ing, has reference to eare and preservation; Educare,
bringing up, educating, education and formation of body and
mind; Tollere, according to Roman custom, the taking up,
as Cather,!he infant from the ground, and thus undertaking
its care and education: Parentis est, quem procrearit et
e d u x e r t, eum vestire. Cic. E d u c a t nutrx, institut ptB-
dagogus. Varr. Quod erit natum, tollito.
387. EGREGIUS, EXIMIUS. Egregius, choIce, excel-
lent, not equal with the common herd; Eximius, distin-
guished by peculiar advantages, worthy of making an excep-
lion: Gens bello egregia. Virgo Eximium ingenium sum-
maque virtus. Cic.
388. EJULARE, ULULARE, VAGIRE, QUIRITARE. Ejulare,
lamentably howling, screaming from pain: Philoctets He;-
CM/$n. vidit in CEla magnitruline dolorum ejulantem. Cle.
184
389. Elegans. 392. Emere.
Ululare, exeiting horror, by howling, &c.: VisaqlUl ~
ululare per umbram. Virgo Galli 8UO more victoriam con-
clamant atque ululatum tollunt. Creso Vagire, is the
crying of infants: Si repuertJ8cam et in cunis 17 a g i a m. Cic.
Quiritare, screaming miserably for assistanee: Quirie
t a r e dicitur is, qui QuWitiuTII fidem clamm18 implorat. Varr.
Pra ululatibu8 m,dla 1700; q",iritantium inter cadA ez.
Budin poterat. Liv. .
389. ELEGANS, ORNATUS. Elegans, properly, one Cor
wbom nothing is good enough, who is exceedingly particular
in choosing; he who in dress, fumiture, dishes, unites with
tbe greatest simplieity fine choioe, tasteful, see 245. Ele-
tana dict'U8 antiquit'U8, qvi nim3 ledo mBImOque cultu 17ic:-
twIue esset. Postea e 1 e g a n 8 reprehendi quidea deaiit; aed
laude nulZa digaabatur, nisi cujus elegantia erat modera-
tissima. e n ~ In epularuM rzpparatlJ, a magnijicentia rece-
41eRl, 7Wn Be parcum 80lum, sed etiam elega.tem videri
f1Qlet. Cie. Ornatu8, oroomented. embellished witb rieh
embeUisbments, rehly fumished: Domicilia regi3, 0tIUI-in8
rfhs ornata' a'que referta. Ce. Oratio ornatll, el tJrli.
ficio quodam et expolitio'1t6 disti1Uta. Id.
390. ELIDERE, SUFFOCARl!, STBANGULAR.R. Elidere (e-
ladere) , injuring dee?ly (from the bottom), entirely, e. g.
tKUl08, capwt saxo; elidere faucu, pressing the throat moat
yiolently, strangling; S'II.ffo care, suffocating by el08iag tbe
organs of respiration: Acerbum At, in melle sitian auffo-
cario Lucret. Stra'ligulare, throttle, strangulate, by
drawing togetber the tltroat: ..4grippina non Zaqueo 8trllft-
6",lata. Tao.
391. EMANCIPARE, MANUMITTERE. Emancipare, re-
signing the right of ownership over something formaUy,
especially dismissing a son from tbe paternal power aad
authority: Vident omnes, doptatum emancipari statim,
?le sit ej'U8 filius) qui adoptavit. Cic. Manu mitterB,
manumitting a slave, making him free: Sunt servi illi tU
cognatorum sententia manumiSBi. Cio ..
392. EMERE, COEMERE, MERCARI, NUNDINARI. Emere,
buying, obtaining by Duying: domum; aliquem donis. Liv.
Coemere, buying several things together: Sulla omnia bontl
coemit. Cic. MerC'ari, trading, seIling and buying, when
this is connected with transactions, and on both sides the oh-
ject is rather gaill than lasting possession: Sordidi putmadi,
qui mercantur a mercatoribus, quod statlm vendant. Cic.
393. Enodare. 395. Equus. 185
Nundinari, earrying on open h'ade, properly on markets:
Una in domo omnes, qtwrum intererat, totum imperium populi
Romani nundinabantur. Cie.
393. ENODARB, ENUCLEARE. Enodare (un-knotting),
disentangling something diffieult, explaining, clearing up, (the
German entwickeln is preeisely the same); Enucleare
(properly shelling out, or rather un-kernelling), bringing
something from its obscurity to light, eluedating, presenting
lueidly: Ariatoteles veterum prcecepta artis e n o d a t a dili-
genter exposuit. Cie. Nec quidquam in amplijicatione nimia
enucleandum est: minuta est enim omnia diligentia. Id.
394. EPISTOLA, LITERA: (LITERA, ELEMENTUM), LIBEl.LI.
CODICILLI. Epistola (bnlIlO),';) , epistle, letter, inasmueh
as it is sel)t from one to another: Hoe est epi s t o 1 ce pro-
prium, ut is, ad quem scribitur, de iis rehus, quas ignorat,
certior fiat. Cie. Literce, a letter, as something written:
Venio nunc ad tuas literas, quas pluribus epistolis ac-
cepi, dum sum in Arpinati. Ce. (Properly, letters, some-
thing written, from Litera, the letter in the alphabet:Sa
rostro si humi A literam impresserit. Cie., differs from
Elementum, the fundamental sound: Litera est nota
elementi, et velut imago qucedam vocia literatiz. Ele-
'" e n t a proprie dicuntur ipsce pronuntiationes: notce autem
earum literce. Abusive tamen et ele menta pro liters et
l.iterce pro elementia vocantur. Priscian. Philippus re:e
Alez:andro filio 8tuJ prima literarum elementa tradi ab
Aristotele voluit. Quinetil.) Libtllli, unsealed short letters,
Dotes; they were differently folded from the epstolce. C 0-
dicilli, 218, a writing for persons in the neighbourhood,
aIso a petition, imperial order: QUce8'ivi e Balbo per c o d i-
cilios, quid uset in lege. Cie. Sejanus composuit ad Cee-
BlJ1'en, c o di ci II o s. moris quippe tum erat, quamquam pra-
sentem, scripto adire. Tae.
395. EQuus, CABALLUS," MANNUS, CANTERIUS, VEREDUS.
Equus, horse, Dame for the speeies; Caballus, a horse
for eommon use and labor: Olitoris aget mercede cabal-"
Zumo Hor. Mannus, a horse from Gaul, shortei, and, on-
account of quiekness, used by the weahhy: Currt, agens
mannos, ad villam prcecipitanter. Lueret. Canterius,or
Cantherius a horse as" beast of burden, bag-
gage horse: In viis habere malunt placidos (equos). itaque
institu.tum, ut castrentur equi. ii canterii appellantur. Varr.
Veredu., a ligbt messenger's-horse: VeZ celerem mannum
16-
186 .396. Errare. 397. Et.
"el ruptfm& terga fJeredum COJ&8cendtu, propere dlCfl&lBOdo
jam fJlmitu. AusoD.
396. ERRARE, VAGARI, PALARr; ERRATICUS, VAGUS, ER-
RO. Errare, erriDg, from waDt of kDowledge oC the eOUD-
try, place, &o.: Ezcutimur CUt'''' el efBC'8 erra,., ita vnd.
Virgo V tl g a r, pursuing one's way in various directiooa,
without object, in order DOt lo remaiD in oDe settled place:
Quodam tempare homines jusi per agros ae disperri 11 ag.
iantur. Cie. Polari, walkiDg in aH directions, oC a herd
whieh separates, and the individuals o whieh err singly
about: P a 1 a n t e 8 ove8 80lce libere grtl8&4ntw; ne lItzlam
quidem, qwm a pecu cetero absunt. Plaut. Ho8l.e8 1Ittg' pq'
agr08 palantur. Liv. - ErraticuB, erring about, aecord-
ing to its nature, erratie: SteUa erratiea. Van., a planet.
Nigidius ealled them errone8. Viti! 8erpe1U1 raltiplici lapaa
et Cie. Yagua, unsettled, unsteady: Vag".
el C3:IfUl errabat undique ezclU8U8. Cie. Erro, a Yagraot,
one who erra about in a eountry, without definite, legitimate
object. '
397. Dr, QUE, Ac, ATQUE; ETlAM, QUOQUB, IDE
Notions, ideas, and sentences are eonneeted by Et, and,
simply and externaHy, as belonging logether in a certain re-
speet; Que, and, expresses the same by way oC addition;
.A t q u e and its eODtractioD A e, and, unites thiogs as placed
equal to one another aeeordiDg to interoal eODDexion or agree-
meDt: Qui4 interest, motu tmimi ",blato, inter homi1ltlll ".
saxum'l - In lunce cur", est e t bromce quczdam Il t 86l&eitii
simiZitudo, multaqu/! ab ea manant el flwmt, qui"," anima-
tes alantur augeseantque. Cie., et-el'; as well as, rO!'
two parts taken as equal. - Si forte quareretur, quiB ead
imperator: Epaminondam a t q u e Ha7mibalem, a t q u e e,;...
generis lwmines nominarem. - Qui! esset ta1dUB fructu ia
prosperis rehus, nisi haberes, qui ilIiB ceque ae tu ipse g __
deret '1 Cie. - An additioD of aD idea yet to be added lo the
preceding ooe, or a senteDee of this sort, is added with e"
also. and thus also, and at the same time, too. without Curther
modification; Etiam, also, even, aDd still. aDd yet; Quo-
'1ue. just so, iD the same way, manDer, also, something whieh
staDds with the preecding in the same relatioD ; Id e na, also, at
the same time, if the same subject is repeated: Pueri certe ita
Formiano videntur ,iematuri: num et ego, nescio. Cie.
Vietor e:I: Volscis in lEquos transiit, 8 t i P 8 o a bellum moIi-
Liv. Qui omnibw Druid-i.buB prceait, sujfrag) DnJi..
398. Etsi. 18'7
dU1/& deligitur, nonnunquam e tia m de principatu armu COflo
tendunt. Creso Per se jus est expetendum et colendum. quod
si jus: e tia m justitia. sic reliqUlB q u o q u e virtutes per se
colendllJ sunt. Cic. Quidquid hO'llestum est, id e m ut utile.
Id. Balbus eo ulebatur cibo, qui el suavissimus uset, el
idem facillimus ad concoquenaum. Id.
398. ETSl, ETIAMSl, TAMETSl, LICET, UT, NE, QUAM-
VIS, QUAMQUAM. In concessive sentences, which stand to
the minor position in the relation of a condition to a conse-
quence contrary or opposed to the expected one, the minor
position contains a direct affirmation, a positive statement;
the antecedent, however, contains, a. the assertion that the
fulfilment of the condition has no intluence upon the opposite
assertion of tba minor position, - non-consideration oC tha
condition ; - this is given by E t s i, even if, also if, although ;
strengthened, Etiamsi, even though, allowing something
- very important; Tametsi, also Tamen etsi, notwitbstand-
ing, opposes the taking p l ~ e of the antecedent to the minor
position with additional weight: E t s i summa dijficultas fa-
ciundi pontia proponebatur, tamen id sibi contendendum, aut
aZiter non transducendum e.xercitum, existimabat. Creso Ha-
bet res deliberationem; etsi ex parte magna tibi assentior.
Cic. Ista veritas e tia m s i jucunda non est, mihi tamtm
grata est. Id. Ego bonos viros sequar, etiam,i ruent. Id.
7\u vero nobilitas, Ser. Sulpici, tametsi, SUmm4 ut, tamm
hominibus literatia est notior, populo vero oIBcurior. Id.
Ta m e n e t s i antea sC7'ipsi, qUllJ existimavi scribi oportere:
tamen hoc tempore breviter te r.ommonendum putavi. Id.-
11. or the declaration tbat the taking place of that condition is
allowed to rest on its own merits, is given with L ice t, may
it be, be it so; tbe mode is designated by Ut, supposed;
negatively, by N e, supposed tbat not; tbe degree of the
Dotion by Quamv is, how much soever, though ever so
much, althougb; and making tbe notion general by Q u a m-
I"am, how much so ever, althougb; Utut, howsoever, in
whatever mode or mannar: Quoniam semel SU8cepi be
causam, 1 i e e t undique omnes in me terrores p"ericulaque im-
pendeant omnia, succurram atque ,ubibo. Cie. U t omnia
contingant, qUllJ volo, levari non possum. Id. N e sit sa718
lfUllmum malum dolor; malum certe esto Id. Q u a m v i s non
fi.eria suasor et impulsor profectionu mellJ, approbator cene
foisti. Id. Quamquam omnu virlus nos ad se allicit, ta-
lIItm justitia et liberalitas id mamme efficil. Id. Id quoqw
188 399. Ex ententia. 402. .E:r:cedere.
possum ferre, qaamquam injurium eat. Ter., limiting, re-
Btricting or correeting the minor position.
399. Ex SENTENTIA, DE SEN TEN TIA, IN SENTENTIAM. Ex
Bententia, according to desire: Ut reliqua ex 8ententi"
BUccedant. Cic. Quod ex ani",i ,ui sententia juraris,
sicut verbs concipitur more 1&Ostro; id non facere perjuriu1JI
esto Id., according to true conviction and feeling. De .. ".
tentia, according to your opinon, desire, eouD86t: NiAil
facturos sum, nis'i de sententia tua. Cie. In u,,'e,,
tiam, entering into sorne one's opinion, agreeing with it:
Plura in eam sententiam ab eisdem contra verecundiaa
disputantur. Cic. Pactum est senatus cons'ltltum in mea",
sententiam. Id., as 1 had voted.
400. EXAMINARE, PONDERARE, LIBRARE, EXIGERE. EIJCo
aminare, making something in the balance equal to a cero
tain weight, weighing accurately aecording to it: Britanni
.tuntur annuli,.y ferreis ad certam pondus examinatis pro
numnw. Creso Male verum examinat corruptus judez. Hor.
Ponderare, inquire into, whethersomething have the proper
weight: Semper amatorum ponderat illa sinus. Propert.
Non est ex fortuna fides ponderanda. Cie. Librare,
making level, keeping in equilibrium: Terra librata pon-
deribus. Cie. TeZum missiZe libro. Virg., swinging. Ex-
gere, examining according to the plumb-line, measure, or
weight: ad perpendiculum columnas. Cic. Margaritarum
pondus sua manu exegit. Suet.
401. EXANmus - IS, INANInlUS. Exanmus and Ex-
animis, deprived of life, that from which the soul has fled
or been taken, exanimate (in German, e"tseelt; literally, un-
souled, dis-souled): Exanimumque auro corpus (Hectoris)
vendebat Acltilles. Virgo Inanimus, inanimate (lifeless),
that which has never lived, e . . g.aurum, lapis: Inter inan-
imum et animal hoc i"terest, quod animal agit aliquid. Cie.
402. EXCEDERE, EFFUGERE, EVADERE, ERUMPERE. E:e-
ce de r e, marching out, off, quietly departing from sorne
place: Exercitum ab Janiculo dedw;it Porsena et agro Ro-
mano excessit. Liv. Effugere, to fly from, out of a
place, hastening b.w,uJ. from pending danger: Hez
e manihus effugit. Cie. Effugere celeritate periculunl.
Creso Invidiam vulgi. Nep. Evadere, escaping from
watches and danger, escaping with eelerity and cunning,
and obtaining the end: e manibus hostium. Liv. Jam,que
petlcm referens casus evaserat Omne8. Virgo Erumpere,
403. Ezcudere. 405. Ezemplum. 189
breaking forth with violence, as is the case io a sally from a
besieged towo: OccQ,'ione rursU8 erumpam data. Phmdr.,
ofthe stag in the stable. Catilina abiit, exceuit, eValit,
erupit. Cie. Abiit, is removing from out our sphere oC
vision (what in.ndgar EDgliah would be indicated by clearirag
out); excessit, beyood the limit; evasit, escaping
from danger; er'/tpit, vloleDOy breaking forth, and breaking
bis path to the crtain aim. .
403. EXCUDERE, EXCUTERE, EXTuNDERE. Excudere,
beating out by repeated blows: silici scintillam. Virg., beat-
ing forth; librulII. Cie., welding, i. e. writing. Excutere,
with one blow, and crushing: Tibi hoc cyatho oculum excu-
'iam. Plaut. Extundere, pushing out: Qitum labor ex-
tuderit fastidia. Hor., driving away. Ul varias U8IJ8 me-
ditando extunderet artes. Virg., bringing forth, i. e.
about.
404. EXCUSARE, PURGARE. Excusare, excusing, i. e.
guilt by bringing forth reasons, or diminishing
guilt: .lJ.ttiCCB velim me ita excuses, ut omnem culpam in te
transferas. Cie. Purgare, clearing one's self of guilt, ex-
culpating, proving one's innocenee, justifying one's self:
Brulus per literas purgat CCB8arem ae interitu Marcel'"
Cie. .
405. EXEMPLUM, EXEMPLAR, DOCUMENTUM, ARGUMEN-
TUM. Exemplum, properly, something selected from vari-
ous objeets, for the representation of qualities common to all;
a thing fashioned after something else, destined for imitatioo,
a pattern, model, example, an example for iIIustration, for
proof of sornething similar: CCBsaris literarum exemplum
tibi misi. Cie. Die vir, exemplum innocentiCB. Id. Ez-
em p lo demonstratur id, quod dicilllus, cuju31lIodi sit. Ad
Herenn. Exemplar, that which may serve as example,
may take the place of the original, aceording to its kind:
ldem liber, in exemplaria transscriptus. Plin. Copies.
M. Cato, quo omnes quasi exemplari ad industriam vir-
tutemque ducimur. Cie. E x e m pi 'lA m, is the model, of itself,
inasmueh as it faithfully represents the original; ezemplar,
with referenee to him wlio is to make use ofit. Documen-
tum, ao example for instruetion, warning, proof, evidencing
a position: PerseU8 documentum humanorum cosuumfoit.
Liv. Documenta damu.!, qua "imus origine nati. Ovid.
Argumentum, the mark of distinetion, proof from ftlcts.
from which we may leam the truth, aod by which we ma,.
190 406. Exhibere. 407. Exilia.
convinee others: Argumenta atque indicia sceleriB. Ce.,
evidenee.
406. EXHIBE RE, OFFERRE, PORRIGERE; OSTENDEU, Os-
TENTARE, MONSTRARE, DEMONSTRARE,. PORTENDEllE. E!J>o
hibere, handing out, giving up, afier resistance:
mus servum, quem habemus. Equitem RomanVnl, procZa-
mantem: heres meus es! e x h i b e r e testamenti talJUla, coegit.
Sueton. Ojjerre, offering, bringiog toward one, giving to
one in bringing it, and offeriog for acceptanee, e. g. se pro
patria ad mortem. Cie. Modestis etiam ojjerre, quod non
petierunt. Phredr. Solus tu inventus es, qui cum accusatori-
bus sederes, atque os tuum non modo ostenderes, sed etiam
ojjerres. Cie. Porrigere, stretehing out before one,
proffer, laying before: Manum porrigere in mensam. Cie.,
in order to take away something. Dexteram hospes hospiti
porrexisti. Id. A diis bona porrigentibus et danti-
bus nolle sumere. Id. - Exhibere, showing, proving by
faet: E x h i b u i t junctam cum viribus artem. Ovid., the art
of throwing the disk. PrtEmium es pollicitus: e x h i b e vocia
.fidem. Phredr. Ostendere, showing, exhibiting a thiog in
1m true forro or light, without eooeealiog any esseotial part:
EiB mores o s ten d i tuos, et collaudavi secundum jacta. el
fJirtutes tuas. Ter. Ostenta.re, showing something in a
manner that it may be seen very clearly, exposing a thing 10
perfeet sight, showing o.l!, showing it ostentatiously, bragging
with it: Altera manu jert lapidem, panem o s ten t a t altera.
PIaut. Ut potius amorem tibi o s ten d e r e m meum, qlUIm
ostentarem prudentiam. Cie. M onstrare, showing, with
instruetion, direeting, e. g. viam: Tu istic, si quid librari;,
mea manu non intelligent, monstrabis. Cie. Demon-
strare, poiotiog at a subjeet with instruetion,80 that it can-
not be mistaken for another; pl'oving, demonstratiog: Hi qui
hospites ad ea, qUtE visenda sunt, dueere solent, et unumquid-
que ostendere, ut ante demonstrabant, quid ubique
esset: ita nune, quid undique ablatum sit, o s ten d u n t. Cie.
Por ten de r e, showing from a distanee, indieating sorne-
thing eoming, pending, futura, portending, indieatiog, fore-
tokening: Victoria sese porten di t jatis, omi1libus, oraculia.
Liv. Dii mihi auguriis auspiciisque omnia ltEta ac prospera.
portendunt. Id.
407. EXILIS, TENUIS, GRAeILIs, MAeER, VESCUS. Exi-
lis, small, weak, in pl'Oportion to the proper degree of tha
extensive or intensive magnitude of things of the same kind
408. E:rpedi1'e. 411. 191
(at times, puny), e. g. jecu1' e:cile, 0PP' plenum; e:ciles
artus, emaciated: Cwra oratoribus convenit, ne ad mulierom
et tBgrorum exilitatem vo:v tenuet1.l/1". Quinctil. Tenui8,
thin, the partll of which are IItretched out, opp. thick and
dense, e. g. filum, aer; Oculi membrani8 ten u i 8 8 i m i 8
ve8titi. Cic. Gracili8, long I1nd thin, lank, slender, and
by its slenderness pleasing, gracile: Virginea, quas matres
8tudent demissis humeris esse, vincto pectore, 'lit graciles
sint. Ter. Pini silve8tre8 gracile8. Macer (meagre),
lean,opp. pinglds (which see): Macra cavum repetes arc-
tum, quem macra subisti. Hor. Vescus, consuming, and
consumed, i. e. dried out: Suxa vesco sale peresa. Lucret.
Ves c ce salicum frondes. Virgo
408. EXPEOlRE, EXTRICARE. Expedire, properly, get-
ting the foot out of a fetter or trap i disentangling, making
loose, free: Ex laqueis se elEpedire. Cic. Expedire
nomina, paying debts: se cura. Cic. Extricare, freeing
from entangling disorder, extricating: Pugnat extricata
densis cerva plagis. Hor. De Dionysio adhuc nilt,il e:ctri-
c o. Cic., I cannot yet give any informatioo.
409. EXPERGEFACERE, SUSClTARE; EXPERGEFACTUS, Ex-
PERRECTUS. Expergefacere, wakening a sleeping ooe,
stirring him: Italiam tumultua expergefecit terrore subi-
too Ad Herenn. Suscitare; causing that something orone
rise, inciting to activity: Cinerem dimovit et ignes sU8ci-
t a t hesternos. Ovid. Themistocles Miltiadis tropceis e som-
no 8uscitabatur. Cic. Suscitare testem, bellum civile.
Id.-Expergefactus, awakened from without Exper-
rectus, he who awakens of himself: Quum, somno repetito,
Bmul cum 801e e:cperrectus essem. Cic.
410. EXPERIRI, TENTARE, PERICLITARI. E:cperiri,ob-
taining experience by a trial, experiment, trying, e. g. vim
veneni in aliquo; aliCtfjus fidem virtutemque; Una apes erat
salutis, si eruptione Jacta extremum auxilium experiren-
tur. Creso Tentare, properly, endeavouring to learo the
qualities of something by touc.hing, which precedes the ezpe-
riTi: Vadum jluminis ten t a b a n t, si transire possent. Creso
Psriclitari, making an attempt, trial, which is connected .
with danger, daring, risking: Homines in prceliis belli f01"-
tvnsm periclitantur. Cic.
411. EXPLANARE, EXPLICARE, INTERPRETARI; EXPONERE.
E:eplanare, explaining, making cIear and plain, if obscure
and entangled notions are the cause of ambiguity or obscurity
192 412. Explorare. 413. EzpupGre.
oC sense; ElEplicare, unfolding, developing, if want oC
proper exactness and copiousness and indistinetness are tba
cause; Interpretar;', interpreting, showing tbe meaning
of lOme signs, translating, if things or words convey 110
meaning lo the studious; ElE pon e re, exposing, i. e. making
an exposition with words, c1earlyand in proper order, pre-
senting lueidly aOO in its parts: Rem non inteUigo; ezpltJo
na bis igit"r. - Dfjinire rem non presse el angute, ,ed
ellplanatius el ad popularem intelligentiam accommotla-
tw.. - Crassv.s MC, qlUE coarcta"it in oratione BtUZ, dilatet
atque ezplicet. - Somnium magi Cyro interpretati
sunt.-Rem latentem ezplicare dfjinitione,obscuram elJo
planare interpretando.-Ab initio, r6S quemadmotltull
gesta sit, "obis ezponemus. Cie.
412. EXPLORARE, Ex - REquIRERE; EXPLORATOR, SPB-
CULATOR, EIIUSSARlUS, EXCURSO&. Ezplorare, exploring,
inquiring into,obtaining knowledge by persons sent for tbis
purpose; of sharply seeing with strained attention: E 11 q U i-
rere, seeking out, asking, questioning sometbing out, looking
and inquiring for sometbing lost or missing, hunting for it:
Ezplorare iter, locum castris idoneum; henee Ezplo-
rat,,,, tbat whieh, by inquiry, has heen placed beyond
doubt: Bene provisa et diligenter e z pI ora t a principia po-
nere. Ce. 1 intro, ezquire, sit ne ita, ut ego prtBdico.
Plaut., go in and see whether it is not just as 1 sayo A
nihil dum certi ezquiro, 8ed quid videatur. Ce. Consio
con"ocato, sententias ezquirere cmpit. eres. Te requi-
sivi sapius, ut viderem. - Vectigalibus amissitJ, 8ubridia
beUi requiretis. Cie.-Ezplorator, a spy, one wbo
on the spot endeavours to observe c10sely every tbing wbieh
interests his party, and who, tberefore, gives information lo
be depended upon: C(E8ar per exploratoru certior id(;-
tutJ est. Cres. Speculator, observer, spy, who from a da-
tanee observes the enemy, scout: Ex speculatorib",
cognitum, Jugurtllam haud procul abess6. Sallo Emissa-
rius, an emissary, one sent lo espy or to get any information;
Ezcursor, one who takes another way, who runs far out in
order lo espy: Petit hereditatem Navius quidam, istius ez.
cursor et emissarius. Cie.
413. EXPUGNARE, DEBELLARE, VINCERE, SUPERARE. El:-
pugnare, eonquering by storm: castellum, uroem munitam;
alicujus pertinaciam; Debellare, beating down by war,
making, by war, the enemy incapable of resistance, and tbus
414. E:lJnstere. 415. Exspectare. 193
brioging tbe war to ao end, warring down tba enemy, ir we
say so: Pugnare et ipsi mihi placet: fleque priuI,
.quam debellavero, absj,stam. Liv. Aulius cum FerentafliB
secundo prcelio debellavit. Id. Viflcere,overcom-
ing, being victorious over, conquering, mastering obstacles
and resistance: Jus esse belli, ni, qui "iduent, iiB, qoo.
quemadmodum vellent, imperarent. Creso Labor
omnia vincit. Virgo Superare, getting beyond a tbing,
being an overmatch, excelling: Metellus &aurum constmatia
el gravitate supe r a v i t. - In officio etiam si multi mecum
contendent, tamen omnes facile superabo. Cic .. Vincere,
points at wenkeniog resistance, and abasement of tbe oppo-
nent; Superare, only represents tbe victor as tbe superior;
tbe one overcome.
414. EXSISTERE, EXSTARE, EMERGERE, EMINERE, PROMI-
NERE; ESSE. EJ:sistere, properly, placing itselC rortb;
stepping forth, becoming visible; E:ut are, standing out, i. e.
being visible: Si exsistat ab infers Lycurgus, gaudeat
roinis murorum. Liv. lneunte vere in vitibus exsistit
gemma. Cic. Ex virtutibus vita beata ezsistit. Id.,orig-
inates, is tbe consequence of. Milites ca pite solo eJ: aqua
e x s t a b a n t. Creso E x s t a t memoria; senatus consultum.
Cie., there is extant, yet existing; E m e r g r e, emerging,
coming forth: Aves quadam se in mari mergunt atque e.er-
gunt. Cic. Emergere se e;c malis. Ter. Sape multonma
improbitate depressa ventas emergit. Cic. Eminere,
reacbing aboye and out of sometbing; used of tbe position
of striving up, rising aloft, topping: CQlumella non multum e
dumis eminens. - Globus terrtB eminens e mari. Cie.
Prominere, projecting: Hostium cuneus, a cetera pro mi-
nens acie. Liv. Elephanto dentes prominent. Plin.-
EJ:sistere, originating, sbowing itself, with tbe notion of-
activity; Esse, to be, merely indieates existence as a state:
Nisi nias illa exstitisset, idem tumulus, qui corpus Ach
lis contexerat, nomen etiam obruisset. - In gloria bellica
multi apud majores nostros e x s t i ter u n t. - Hamo nequis-
nmus omnium, qui sunt, qui fuerunt, qui futuri .unt.
Cie.
415. EXSPECTARE, PRlESTOLARI, OPPERIBI. Exspec--
tare, awaiting sometbing that is to come: Sto u:.pectans,
.i quid mi imperent. Ter. Prastolari, beiog present to
receive sorne one: Quem pra,tolare, Parmeno, hic ante
D.tium '1 Ter. Opperiri, waiting until the expected eifect,
17 .
1
416. E:csul. 418. Eztra.
litio, 80 long as 80metbing occurs (Germao abIOartea):
Grall atque intenti hostium adventum opperiebantur.
AV.
416. EXSUL, EXTORRIS, RELEGATUS, DEPORTATUS. E.
I1U, tbe exile, be wbo is not allowed in tbe patria, as puniah-
ment and disbonor, wth the loss of all plaees of honor aod
autbority, yet without loss of Rdman eitizenship; also, be
who voluntarily expatriates himself to escape punishment:
lltmnibal Carthagine e:r:pulsus Ephe8'/Jm ad AntiochU1l& .,.
fHuul. Cie. Extorris, homeless, he who miases bis home-
country, he who cannot remain in his father-Iand: J1I(!W't1tc
me e:ctorrem patria, domo, inopem et coopert"", .UeriU
e,l'ecit, uf ubivis tutiua, quam in regno meo e8,em. Sall. R ..
legatus, 65, one who has been degradingly expelled from
bis city i a milder punishment than the exile: Octaviana M.
Lepidum supplicem concessa vita Circeios in perpetuum rele-
ga"it. Suet. Edictum in pronO! nomine lene fuit. Qaippe
relegatus, non e:csul dicor in illo. Ovid. Deporta-
tus, a criminal who was for ever banished to wild islanda,
losing with this bis eitizenship and property, wbieb wu DOt
tbe effect of the relegatio. Both tbese punishrnents were
introduced by Augustus: Vibiua Serenua, de vi publica era..
flSW&, in insulam Amorgum deportatur. Tae.
417. EXSTINGUERE, OPPRIMERE. Ex,tinguere, em..
guishing, 330, designa tes a more' cautious effacing, annulling;
Opprimere, pressing down, damping, a quieker, more for-
eible overcoming and suppression: Danda opera en, ri aai-
corum dissidia fiant, ut e:cstinclQl potius amicititll, fUGa
oppreSSQl esse videantur. Cie.
418. EXTRA, EXTRINSECUS i PRETER, PIl&TEllQUAM. E:;c-
tra, witbout, outside, of position or situation: Extra el ift..
tu hostem habere. Cres. Non polui intelligere extra osn..,
~ qua nter sese psi egerint. Ter. Extra culpaa,
~ l u m jocum. Cic. E:J:trinsecus (e:J:trim, ~ 7.),
f,:om without, designating direetion: Metus extrinuc ,
i"."ainentis bell. Liv., from without. Columna u:trinu-
c.s inaurata. Cie., on tbe surface. E:J:tra, except, out
ineluded in the quantity or multitud e : Neque noSus neque
cognatua exlra unam aniculam quisquam atlerat. Ter. Pra-
ter., except, of things passed over: Frumentum omne, prater
quod aecum portatuTi erant, comburunt. Cms. OamiflO . ego
nel'lKnem "ideo, prQlter istum. Cie. PrQlterqMa. ex-
eept, only as adverb: Ex hac sede Vestare. "iJ&il IInqtUU11,
praterquam urbs capta, movit. Liv.
J
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f :
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r

1
1
1
I
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419. EztremUB. 420. Fabrica. 195
419. EXTREMUS, EXTIMUS, ULTIMUS, POSTREMUS, POSTU-
BUS. The last is E x t r e m u a, tbe outermost of several outer
(ezterus) parls of a contiguous series, surface, meeting, io con-
tradistinction of tbe parts witbio; Eztmua, the outermoet,
that which is on,the outermost poiot, cootradistinguished from
the centre: Epstola, in qua eztrema acriptum erat. Ce.
Extremo anno pacs aliquid fuit. Liv. Novem orbium "el
potius globorum unua est crelestis, e x t i m u qui reliquoa am-
nes complectitur. Cic. Ultimua, the moat distunt,on the
other side, in contradistinction to the nesreat this side, cili- '
mus; tbe most remote on the otber extreme end, beyond
which notbing ofthe same kind exists: Luna ultima a cmlo,
citima terrs, luce lucet aliena. Cc. Hostia ab Oceano ter-
rarumque ulti.mis ors bellum ciebat. Liv. Crestir, reducto
ezercitu, partem ultimam pontis, qua ripas Ubiorum con-
tingbat, rescindt, atque in 6ztr-emo ponte tumm consti-
tltit. Cres., extremo, 00 the eod this side. Poatremus, the
hindmost of the other poateri, or preceding ones (with regatd
to him): Ut quisque in fuga postremus, ita periculo prira-
cepa erat; p o s t r e m a m enim quamque navem pirata primtJa
adoriebantur. Cie. Postumus, the Jast in relation to the
rst, generalty he who is the last boro of the children, aleo
boro after the father's death, tbat which is boro or produoOd
late: Postuma lipes. Appal. Posthuma proles noft /llmI
significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui pos tremo loco muI
esto Gell.
F.
420. FABRICA, OFFICINA, TABERNA; FABRICATOR, MACHI-
NATOR. Fabrica, the workshop of an artificer in hard
metal (faber): Est in fabrica: ibi lectulos ilignis ped'f-
bus faciundos dedit. Ter. Officina, the workshop 10
which something is made and produced by way of mechan-
ical trade, or some mecbanical product, e. g. armorum; fal-
Borum commentariorum et chirographorum. Cic. Taberna,
a stall, a booth, in which ware of all sorts is offered for sale,
and also sueb things are made as do not require a more sub-
Btantial building: Taberna mtrina,lbraria.-Fabrica.
tor, the skilful artificer, maker, who with instruments, espe-
cially with sharp ones, aOO with the hammer, produces fine
196 421. Fabula. 42'J. Facere.
work: Myrmecides, minutorum opusculorum fabricator.
Cie. Dol fabricator Epeus. Virgo Machinator, who
invents or makes machines, that is, skilfully eomposed iostru-
ments or assemblages of sueh, in order to uoduee or faeili-
tate motion: Archimedes, inventor ac machnator bellico-
rum tormentorum. Liv. Scelerum machinator. Cic., the
leader, ringleader.
421. FABULA, ApOLOGUS, NARRATIO. Fabula, an in-
vented tale, a nursery tale,' a pieee for theatrieal peorm-
anee: Fa b u 1 a neque veras neque verisimiles continet ru,
ut ha, qUaJ traglBdiis traditaJ sunt. Ad Herenn. A poi j gt.l8,
an apologue, afable with a moral and instructive object;
N arr a t i o, narration, aecount, representation of an event :
Exprimere et ponere anteoculos ea, qUaJ videantur esse verl-
similia, est proprium narrationis. Ad ridiculigemu
adscribamus narration.B apologorum. Cie.
422. FAcERE, AGERE, GERERE; REDDERE; PERARl;
ACTIo, GESTlO, ACTUS, GESTUS. a. Facere, making, dea-
ignates the result of aetivity; Agere, earrying on, aeting,
designates the aetivity itself; Gerere, properly, carrying
something openly, that it may be seen, 440 a branch oC
business, profession, offiee with its 'duties, with reference lo
the depotment of the invested person, or his execution of bis
calling: Fa c e l' e pontem, classem, bellum, caJdem, frBdus, in-
sidias, pactionem, bringing about, that which did not exist
before facere argentariam, medicinam, pecuariam, BC. ar-
tem, performing the respective arts or trades, aeting (as) tbe
broker, physician. Agere jumenta, navem, driving nego-
tium, diem estum, vitam, doing the business, celebrating tbe
day, aoting it out (Gerrnan begehen). Fabulam facit poeta,
agit actor. Quinetil., making and aeting, i. e. acting out.
Reum facere, making one the reus, brnging him before
the eourt; agere, speaking against bim as aeeuser. Ge-
rere in capile galeam; gerre et tldministrare magistra-
tum, rem publicam, negotium, res bellicas; se g e l' e l' pro
cive, behave as eitizen. There is always in gerere, in _
tbese cases, the idea of leading, as we bave it in leading a
life of a certain kind. Facere bellum alicui, beginning war
with sorne one agere bellum, earrying it on, eausing tbat
it be eal'ried on, direeting it; gerere bellum, leading it,
performing h08tilities. F a e t a, the things done; A c t a,
aetions, aeeording to a eertain proeedure or rule, political
actionll of an individual, and publio tranlJaOtiQns I Gelta, r61
423. Facere fidem. 197.
Buta, official performances, especially warlike performances,
deeds, in connexion with one another: In jqdicii& fa c t a
arguehantur, dicta impune erant. Tac. Res urbanas acta-
que omnia ad te perferri arbitror, Cic. Habebam acta ur-
bana usque ad Nonas Martias. Id. Thucydides res gesta.
et be{la narrat. Id. b. Fa c e r e, making. effecting a differ-
ent state ofa thing; Reddere, making, transforming into a
different state, changing the previous one: Ducem fadebat
"ulnus inutilem. Liv. Ut ex alienissimis sociis amicissimos,
ez infidelissimis firmissimos redderem. Cic. c. Facere
(sacra), sacrificing, bringing about a sacrifice; Operari
aaens, heing occupied with sacrificing, performing a saerifice !
Nostri sacra pro civibus civem facere voluerunt. Cic,
.Aliqua assidua teztis operata Minerva cantat. Tibull.-
.A c to, eveey civil, political action, transaetion, e. g. de pacet
and the action in court: Prator 4at a c t ion e m, he allom
it, grants the action; ntendere a c t ion e m perduellionis,
bringing it, attacking sorne one legally, by way of legal
action; Gestio, the direetion, and carrying along and oult
e. g. negotii.-.Actus, action, tbat is, activity, as state of
the performer, agent: .Ad ultimum vita finem in actu er
mus. Senec. G e s t u s, position, bearing of the body, tha
way of leading it, as it were, gesture: Vitium in gestu mo
tuque caveatur. Cic.
423. FACERE, DARE, HABERE FIDEM; AGERE, HABEREt
FACERE CONCILlUM. Facerefidem, making helief, that is
t
creating helief, making eredible: .Argumentum est ratio, re.
dubiO! fadens fidem. Cie. Dare fidem, giving one'a
word, promise (pledging one's faith): Fidem hosti datam
fallere. Cie. Habere fdem, heing eredible, ereditable;
alicui, having helief in what one says: Debebit ha be re
fdem ROstra pradictio. Cie. Majorem tibi fidem ha-
bui, quam pene ipsi mihi. Id.-.Agere conciUa .. , con-
ven t u m, holding a council, cOllvention, &o., if we speak of
their direction and transactions taking place tbere: Habere,
cause them 10 be held, and presiding over them: Ho.tU
concilia secreta agunt. Liv. In oppidis Sicilia pratores
conventum agere solent. Cic. Consul &odra, evocat8
f':; tota provincia principibus, conventum habuit. Liv.
Facere, joining in a convention, meeting in, making, pro-
ducing it, as it were: Ecetra Antiates coloni palam con-
cilia faciunt. Liv., assembling, eonvening.
17-
...
198
424. Faci8l. 426. Faculttu.
424. FACIES, SPECIES, FORlIfA; VULTUS, FaoNs, Os.
Facies, the whole front, front side or facing side of a thing,
aceording to its formation, its form: Agesilaus el staturajuit
laumili, el corpore eriguo, et claudus altero pede. IttuJ1le ig-
not facem ejus quum intuerentur, contemnebant. Nep.
Species, appearance of a thing, as its exterior appears lo
the beholder, the looking of a thing: Natura s pe ci e m ita
formavit oris, ut i" ea penitus reconditos mores e.fftngeret.
Cie. Prc:eclara classis in speciem, sed inops el infirma
propter dimisBonem propugnatorum. Id. Forma, the out-
lines, by which a thing reeeives its definite shape, by whieh
it may be distinguished from olhers: Mulier sibi prc:eter
formam nihil ad similitudinem hominis reserva!)t. Cie.-
Fa ci e s, face, as the whole prominent surfaee on the froot
side of the human head, aeeording to its natural formation:
Fa ci e s homini tantum; ceters os, aut rostra. Plio. Fa-
cies pulchra, honesta, decora. This is called Vullus, inas-
mueh as in its middle part, in its traits, and the rolling (1I0Zo,
volvere) of the eyes, peculiar expressions and emotions are
visible; Frons, forehead, inasmueh as in it, the highest and
most prominent part of the faee, the same or similar things
are expressed; and Os, mouth, inasmueh as the play of its
muscles express these inner movements peculiarly: Q/lemad-
modum animo a.ffecti sumus, vultus indicat. Cie. Domi_
tur maxime vultus. Hoc supplices, ltoe minaces, hoc blmadi.
MC tristes, MC erecti, hoc summissi sumus. Sed iR ipID
v u 1 t u plurimum t'alent oeuli, pero quos maxime animIU eN-
neto Quinetil. Frons tranquilla el serena. Cie. Fro".
Mmini tristtic:e, hilaritatis, clementic:e, severitatis i n d ~
Plin. In speculo o s contemplare suum. Plaut., the face, ae-
eording to its traits, mien, and accidental formo Licet ora
ipsa cernere iratorum, aut eorum, qui aut metu commoli nmt
aut voluptate nimia gcstiunl: quorum omnium vultus mu-
tantur. Cie. Pudibundaque frondibus ora protegt. Ovid.
Nam quo redibo ore ad eam, quam contemserim'l Ter., as
the seat, expression of shame and shamelessness.
425. FACULTAS, FACILITAS. Facultas, expresses the
possibility or capability of doing a thing on the part of the
actiDg subjeet, hence the faculty, opportunity, possibility, with
regard to aetion; Facilitas, the same OD tite part of the
thing to be done, feasibility, of things that mayeasily be
done, faeility, and, applied to men, readiness, kindness, one
who easilr yields, who is faeile: Hortensia summam copiam
426. F ~ 428. Fama. 199
Jacultatemque dicendi natura largita esto Cie. Reliquia
fogfZ faeultu datur. Creso Germani agr03 inter se par.
tiuntur: fa e i lit a t e m partiendi eamporum apatia prfZ3lant.
Tae. Meam fa e il ita t e m laudatote, quum vobia non grao
vate reapondero. Cie.
426. FEX, SENTINA. FfZ:e, dreBS' sediment of a liquid
whicb bas fermented: Cadi cum ffZ ce sieeati. Hor. In.
fima ffZ:e popuU. Cie. Sentina, tbe dirt on the very bot
tom in a vessel, bilge water: Sentinam exhaurire. Cie.
&haurie.tur e:e urbe perniciosa s fJ n t i n a re publiefZ. Id.,
the dregs, tbe very offal of the state; properly, the sink, with
what is in it.
427. FALSUS, FALLAX, PELLAX; FALso, PERPERAM. FaZ-
sus, false, deceiving one's self, i. e. being wrong, and tbat
whieh is not what it appears to be: Falsus es. Ter., you
are UJ1'ong, you are mistakeo. PfZRa est fa13arum et eor
ruptarwn literarum. Cie. Falla:e, deceitful: .Astrologi
vani atgue fallaces. Cie. Quod si est erratum spe falsa
alque fallad, redeamus in viam. Id. Pella:e (pellieere),
seduetive, delusive, the intriguer, wbo eunningly conccals his .
falseness, in order to lead otbars toward bis own end: Pe [.
la:e Ulysses. - Falso, falsely, wrongly, oot according to tha
true state of tbings; Perp eram, incorreetly, not aceording to
the cause and ground of things: Fa ls o n' an vero laudent,
non floeci faciunt. Plaut. Caleeum perperam, ae sinia
trum pro dextro, inducere. Suet. Utrum recte, an perpe
.... m, judieatum est'l Cie., wrongly.
428. FAMA, RUMOR, SERMO; FAMOSUS, INFAMIS. Fa
tila, tha saying, reputation, every thing wbich, as being re
markable, is told of a person either public\y or among the
people, good Of evil reputation, name: .Ad Labienum de vico
toria CfZ3aris fama perfertur. Creso Fama foil, Themia.
toelem venenum sua aponte sumsisse. Nep. Fam,. wer
vire. Tae. Rumor, rumor, the talk of tbe people among
themselves of eontemporary events, uncertain whetber it havo
Ilny true foundation: E:e .Asia nihil perfertur ad nos prfZter
rumores de oppresso Dolabella, satis illos quidem constan
tes, sed adhue sine auetQre. Cie. Calamitas tanta fuil, ut
eam ad aures Luculli non e.v prfZlio nuntius, sed e:e sermone
rumor afferret. Id. Sermo, tbe talk of individuals of
eometbing, espeeially evil talk, gossip: In sermonem homi.
num venire; HQminum malevolis de aliquo sermonibu.
t;redere. Cie. - F (1 m o s u s, he who stands in fama, that ia,
200 429. Far.
reputation, bad or good, of whom they talk a grest dea!.
Famo,a rn.ors. Hor. Me ad famo,a, vetuit mater aeu
tlere. Cie. Infamis, he who stands in. evil repute, badly
renowned, famous in abad respeet: Homine, vitiis atq-ue
omni dedeeore infames. Cie. Infamem annum pestilen.
tia feeit. Liv.
429. F ARI, LOQUI, DICERE, PERHIBERE; DIe, DA, CEDO;
EFFARI, EDleRRE. Fari, speaking, uttering artieuJated
sounds, words; in the "golden age," it was usad of the
solemn, oraelelike utterance: Neseio, fari mero,. Hor.
Tum ad eos is deus, qui omnia genuit, fatur: HOJC 110', qui
deorum salu orti eSlis, attendite. Cie. Lo q "i, speaking,
i. e. expressing one's thoughts by language (Gerroan reden),
of the eommon utteranee of man, in eontradistinetion to the
mute animal, e. g. pure et Latine: Magni interest, quilnu-
mm quisque loquatur a puero, quemadmodum patres, PfZ-
dagogi, matres etiam loquantur. Cie. Dieere, properly,
,howing, saying, indieates tbe form of representation of one's
tbougbts by language; benee it is used of tbe orator, ir the
objeet is wbieb sense the words ought to bave: Dicam,
quod sentio. Cie. Qua quum dixiBSem, magia ut ill_
provocarem, quam ut ipse loquerer: tum 7Hariua, Qt4
Epicuro, inquit, reliquisti, nisi te, quoquo modo loq.ere-
tur, intelligere, quid diceret'J. Id. Perhibere, 376,
saying, naming, calling, in tbe sense of believing, bolding. to
be: Prohibiti estis in provincia vestra pedem ponere, el pro-
hibiti, ut perhibetis, summa cum injuria. Cie. Bene qrri
conjiciet, vatem hunc perhibebo optimum. Id.-Dc, say,
demands implieit answer or deelaration; Da, tell me, men-
ton, where, wbat; Ce d o, out with it, tell me, demands com-
munieation: Sed da mihi ""ne, satisne probas 'J. Cie. (Tbe
German angeben, gieb an, is precisely tbe same.) Cedo
tabltlas! Id. Si Galbam lauda, ut oratorem, e e d o, qu8o,
orationes, et die, hune velle de illo modo dieere. Id.-El-
fari, speaking out, expressing with woros, an\iquated; also,
eonsecrating a saered spot with eertain formulas of eonseera-
tion: Celanda effari. Liv. EpicuruB verum esse concedat,
quod ita effabimur: aut vivet eras HermacMu, aut non
lIivet. Cie. Effari templa dicuntur ab augurilnu. Van.
Edieere, speaking out, stating tbat wbieb was unknown,
making known sometbing as an order or direetion for observ-
ing it: Jussus est a .eonsule, de eonjuratione qua sciret, e d i-
cereo Sall. Consw exercitui in EtruriaHI Gd cOfllleniend ..
tliem e.dixerat. Liv. (Henee edictum, whieb see.)
~ .
430. Fucia. 431. Futi. 201
430. FASCIA, VITTA, TENIA, LEMNISCI1S. Fa.cia, a
larger band, for windinground somelhing: Octavi," de'I1inc-
tu erat fascHs propler dolorem artuum. Cic. Fa.eia
pectora1is .. Martial., otherwise Btrophium. Fasci. opul
est, pulvinis, eunis, incunalnllis. Plaut., swaddling-clothes.
Vitta, a band to tie the hair, used by priests and womeo:
Vitta coercuerat negleclos alba capillos (virginis). Ovid.,
liso for animals destined for sacrifice, altars, aod the haods
of those lbat implored for protection: EJJer aq1UJm et molli
cinge hac allaria vitta. Virgo Tibi me Fortunaprecari et
"i t t a comtos voluit prQJlendere ramos. Itl. T QJ n i a (rrr"la),
a band, in the sense of extension: Puniccis evincti' tempara
tQJniis. Virgo Lemniscus (}.rp,'llJlw.), a narrow woollen
band, originally of fine innel' rind of linden Iree, which was
tied roulld wreaths, aod the end of which used lo hallg down
by wa y of oroament: L e m n i s c, fasciolQJ colora depen-
dentes u coronis. Feslus.
431. FASTI, ANNALES, HISTORIA, ACTA, COMMENTARII,
KALENDARIUM. Fasl majores seu consulares, a record
of coosuls and dictators, with a brief indicatioo of their deeds,
and remarkable events, which record was engraven in mar-
hle, as the TalnllQJ S. Fasti Capitolini. To these belong the.
F.,ti triumphales, containing the victories of Roman
generals and their triumphs, withthe year, monlh, and day
wbeo performed; A nnales se. libri, annals, iD wh ch the
events of a state, year after year, were commemoraled, His-
toria, properly, Darration; hislory, as credible and well re-
lated representation of remarkable events in their coonexion
with causes and consequences: Paginas in annalibuB
magistraluum fas t i s qUP percurrere licet consulum dictato-
rumque. Liv. Eral olim historia nihil aliud, nisi an-
nalium confectio, cuj," re memoriQJque publicQJ relinendQJ
causa res 071ml'-S singulorum annorum mandabat literia poRt-
fu maJ:mus; ii. qui etiam nunc annales mazimi nomi-
nantur. Cic. H i s t o r a, testis temporum, luz veritalis, vita
memoriQJ, voce oraloris immortalitoti commendatur. Id. The
HistoriQJ of Livy mayas well be called annales, as the A,.-
nales of Tncillls may be called historiQJ, 00 account of their
historical manner, showing the connexion of causes aod
eirects. A e t a, 422, Pllblic records of slale transactioos in
importaot events, which, under the emperors, took the place
of the annals, the latter having fullen inlo disuse: Casar
primus institut, ut a e t a Sernvs et populi diUrRa con.ftce-
432. Falm.
rentur. Suet. J ul. 20. A c t a SenatMl, the seDatorial proto-
col, written by ODe of tbe senators; the minutes of tbe senate,
kept by a senator: A c t a diurna populi Romani, A c t ti pd-
Zica, diurna, contained events relating to tbe people, or nter-
esting in sorne way or otber to them, buildiDgs, births, mar-
riages, deaths of celebrated persons, transactions iD public
courta, comitia, &C. Commentarii, 34, memorable tbings
wbich a person, without binding bmself lo any peculiar rule,
wrote down, in order to save the knowledge of occurreDces,
even of not very important ones, from falling into oblivion;
nothing comes nearer than our memoirs, though tbis expresses
not the precise thing; tbe German Denkwrdigkeiten ex-
presses it: Omnes suppliciorum acerbitates ez annalium
monumentis atque ez regum c o m m e n t a r i ia conquisitlit.
Ce. Pontificum commentarii. Id. Conficiam commfltl-
larios rerum mearum. Id. Fasti minores S,_ Kalenda-
res, Romani, urbani, described a whole year, accordiDg lo
mODths, witb the iDdication of the dies fasti et nejasti, tliu
aenatus et comitiales, of festivals, days of rest, games, and
extensive meals after sacrifices, and were uDder the superm-
teDdence of the pontife-31 mazimus, but were publicly made
known by placards since the year 450, A. U. C., oDly. The
Fasti rustici, only indicated tbe Kalend(1l, Noft(1l, ldUII,
Nundin(1l, rural festivals and field-work, tbe twelve heaveDly
signs, and duration of the day, engraved on a marble block:
Cn. Flavius, adilis curulis, civile jus, repositum in penetra-
libus pontijicum, evulgavit; fas t o s que circa forum in albo
proposuit, ut, quando Iege agi posset, sciretur. Liv. Vide-
mus lunam, accret-ione et dem-inutione luminis, quasi fasto-
rum notis signantem dies. Ce. Kalendarium, or Ca-
lendarium, the book of debts, in which capitalista entered
tbeir capitals and interests, wbicb on tbe Calenda were lent
and paid: Nemo beneficia in KaLendario scribit. Senee.
432. FATERI, CON - PROFITERI. Fateri, confessing,
telling, in consequence of sorne inducement given from with-
out, sometbing which otherwise we should have preferred to
pass over in silence or to deny: Fateor non modo in socio,
sed etiam in cives nostros persape esse severe ac vehementer
vindicatum. Ce. Confiteri; eonfessing, in eonsequence
of strong aetion from without, if we al\ow something of whicb
we are asbamed, or that we bear the guilt of something:
Habes, Tubero, quod est accusatori mazime optandum, con-
fitentem reum. Cie. Se victum confiteri. Cres. Pro-
;.;'
. ;:.;-
\
433. Favere. 434. Ffl1I.3l. 208
jiteri, confessing openly and without evasion, not making
a secret of a thing. of which we do not mean to be ashamed:
TMmistocles .apud Lacedamonios lihernme projenus ut,
Atheniense8 BUO consilio urhem muria .epsisu. Nep. COfl-
jitetur ita, ut non solum jated, .ed etiam projiteri
eideatur. Cic.
433. FAVERE, STUDERE, SECUNDARE, FOVERE; FAVORA-
BILIS, PROPITlUS, SECUNDUS, FAUSTUS, PROSPERo Favere,
properly, waving, blowing: Ventis fa ven t i h u s nat!igtlll'e.
Ovid., blowing favorably, being favorably disposed, being
inclined to aid one: Fa ve b a m et rei publica, cui semper
{
avi, et dignitati ac gloria tuaJ. Cic. Favete linguis.
or., silence! One's favor \Vas evinced at sacrifices by
reverential silence; in the theatre, by attention, silence, and'
applause; at festivals, by congratulations. Studere, sup-
porting one by our favor, taking his part, feeling attached to
aomething, diligently attending, studying a. thing: COllius
.tuduit Catilina, consulatum petenti. Cic. Studere .a-
crificiis, labon ac duritia, agricultura. Creso Secund are,
favoring, making a thing happily succeed, aiding, poetical:
Di nostra incepta s e c u n den t auguriumque tuum. Virgo
.AB we say, divine aid. Foo ere, 470, fostering, with deli-
cate treatment and careful removal or avoidance of every
thing which might be disagreeable to the other, or render
us disagreeable to him: Inimicum meum sic amplezahan-
tur,.ic in manibus habebant, sic jovebant, certe ut milti
.tomachum facere se arbitrarentur. Cie.- Favorabili.,
capable of obtaining favor, well-received: TiberiUi fav ora-
bili in speciem oratione vim imperii tenuit. Tac. Secufl-
du., favoring, aiding, that which succeeds according to our
wishes, e. g. pralium, navigalio: Video navem secundis
ventis cursum tenentem BUum. Cie. Conon inconsideratior in
Becunda, quam in adversa erat fortuna. Nep. Faustu.
(fa."or, XIII, 1.), of favorable portent, indication, lucky:
O fau.tum el felicem diem 1 Ter. Pro.per (pro-spu,
VIII, 1.), corresponding to our hope, succeeding well, suc-
eessful: Tenere navem prospero cursu; Prospero jlatu
jortuna uti: Nihil est prosperum, nBi voluptas, nihil
aperum, nBi dolor. Ce. Propitiu., gracious, well-di&-
posad,of gods, opp. iratUB: Huic homini pauci deos pro-
pitios, plerique iratos putahunt. Cic.
434. FAUX, GULA, GUTTUR, JUGULUM. Fauz, 78, tbe
upper, narrow part of the gullet, close by tbe entrance into
435. Faz. 437. Fena.
tbe larynx: Os devoratum fa u e e quum hareret lupi. Pbmelr.
Gula, gulJet, the channel through wbich tbe food pasaeII
down, in the back part of the oral cavity: Lentulo "indicu
rerum eapitalium Zaqueo gulam fregere. Sall. Gula pa-
rens. Hor., a bibber, glutton. Guttur, throat, tbe entrence
into the channels of Ihe throat, of the gulJet and the larynx:
lZle (Cerberus) fame rabida tria guttura panden&. Virgo
Et liqt,idum tenui guttw,re eantat avis. Ovid. Jugulua,
properry, the clavicle; the throat, tbe holJow at the rore pan
of the neck between tbe two collar-bones: Da jugulum
cultris, hostia dira, meis. Ovid.
435. FAX, TEDA, FUNALE, CANDELA, CEREUS. Faz,
a torch of wood, covered with a thick combustible 8ubstance,
especialJy sucha one if burning: Spina, nuptiarttm facibu.
auspicatissima. Plin. Dolorum, in"idice faces. Cic. Tce-
da, a torch of resinous wood, pine, &c.: Ardet ut ad magMI
pinea tceda Deos. Ovid. Funale, a torch of oakum, or
similar stuff, covered with combustible malter, a wax torcb :
Nocte,n ftammis ftlnalia vineunt. Virgo Candela, tbe
taper made of pith covered with pitcb or tallow: &irpi pa-
lustres, e qui'hus detracto eortiee e a n del ce luminibus"t fu-
neri'hus serviunt. Plin. Cereus, a wax taper: Cereoll
Saturnalibus muneri dabant humiliorell potentiori'hus, qua
cande lis pauperes,locupletes eereis utebantur. Festus.
436. FENESTRA, TRANSENNA, CANCELLI. Flnelltra,
an opening in the wall, in order to admit light, square or
round, generally oblong; tbey were shut with two shutters,
right and left, curtaiDs, or lattice-work; under the emperors,
witb tables of lapis phengitl's, speeularis (isinglass): Quan-
tam ei fenestram ad nequitiam patefeeeris '! Ter. Tran-
Ilenna, a net or lattice-work, a lattice-window or window
with grates: Eam eopiam, quasi per transennam, prceter-
euntes Iltrietim adspeximus. Cie. Cancelli (eaneer), bars,
which prevent entrance into, or the approach to a place; it
may likewise consist of lattice-work: El: fari eaneellill
plausus est ucitatus. Cie. Certarum rerom forensi'hus can-
e e 11 i s circumscripta scientia. Id.
437. FENUS, USURA, VERSURA, VERSUIUM FACERE, VBll-
SUBA SOLVERE; ANATOClSII1US; FENEBRIS, FENERATOBIUS.
Penus, profit of invested capital, by which the I',:reditor in-
creases bis property, usury: Duodeeim ta'hulis Ilanetum, Re
quis U n ti a ri o fe n o r e amplius uerceret, quum antea tz
li'hidine locupletium agitaretur. Tac., i. e. annually oC ODe
438. Ferax.
205
hundred a8ses as many uncia; henee thera were paid montbly
(431.) S1 uncia. Scaptius centesimis, renovato in sin-
gulos anllos fenore, contentus non fuit. Cie., sc. partibus
sortis, i. e. of one hundred asses capital, monthly T J ~ or one
as, annually, therefore, twelve pro cent. Usura, that which
is given for the use of borrowed capital, interest: CCElius
Prator legem. promulgavit, 'lit sine usuris credila pecunia
solvantur. Creso Versura (properly, the turning of the ox
at the end of the furrow), the change of a dead capital into
one bearing interest, or also tbe transformation of a capital
and interests, both due, into a new debt: Rogatione tribuni-
cia ad semuncias redacta, postremo vetita ver s u r a. Tac.
The fenus unciarium was reduced to ~ uncia, and at lengtb
all borrowing on interest prohibited. Versuram jacere,
borrowing a capital on interest, in order to paya debt: Sala-
minii qUltm Roma versuram facere vellent, non pote-
rant; quod lex Gabinia vetabat. Cic. They intended to sat-
isfy with it their ereditor, Scaptius. Versura, Versura
jacta solvere,payingadebtwith borrowed money: Op-
po DCCC aperuisti: qua quidem ego ulique vel versura
jacta solvi volo. Cic. Anatocismus, interest upon
interest, when the unpaid interests were added to tbe capital,
thus bearing themselves interest: Clamabant, nihil impuden-
tius Scaptio, qui centesimis cum anatocismo contentus non
esset. Cic. Seaptius demanded quaterna centesima cum an-
atocismo a.nniversario. Ibid., therefore, 100 capital gave,
with fourfold centesima, tbat is, 48 per cent. interest, aDd the
anatocismus, which was caleulated for the next year, 100 +
48 + 231s = l71lh. - Fene bris, relatiDg to usury: Fe.
nebribus legibus constricta est avaritia. Liv. Fenera-
torus, earrying on usury: Avara et jeneratoria Gallo-
rum philosopliia. Val. Max. .
438. FERAX, FERTILIS, FECUNDUS, UBER. Ferax, fertile,
baviDg a stroDg impulse to produce often aDd much: Terra
jerax Cereris multo que feracior uva. Ovid. Fertilis,
that whieh bears mueh, capable of bearing much, fertile, of
inanimate Dature, e. g. ager: Gallia jrugum hominumque
jertilis. Liv. Fecundus, productive, full of fecundity,
that is, eontaiDiDg much of geDerative eDergy aDd substance,
and hence produciDg mueh: Sue nihil genuit natura fecun-
dius. Cie. Fossionibus agri repastinationibusque multo
jt terra jecundior. Id. Byzantium jertili solo jecun-
do que mari, quia vis piscium innumera Pontum erumpit_
18
206 - 439. Feria. 440. Ferre.
Tac. Uber,276, produeing nourishment in plenty, abun.
dandy causing or favoring t, e. g. solum: Lactis uberu
cantare rivos. Bor. Periclem cim8et Socrates uberem et
fecundum foisse. Cie., rieh in ideas, and constantly pro-
dueing new ones. -
439. FERIE, JUSTITlUM; FERlATUS, OTlosus. Ferta,
days of rest, gene rally eonnected with religious se"ice:
Feriarum festorumque dierum ratio in liberis requiee.
habet litium et jurgiorum; in servis oprum el laborum. Cie.
Justitium (standing still of the jus), vacations of eourts oC
law, their adjournment at universal mourning or great daoger
of the 8tate; when they were passed, the busineSs began
again: In tanto tumultu justitium per c1iquot dies
tumo Liv. -Feriatus, having, enjoying days of' rest; one
wbo does not occupy bimself with any thing: Feriatum
cessatione torpere. Ce. Ne putes, filium tuum in .Asia fe-
riatum a studiis futurum. Id. Otiosus, having leisure,
being free from official or professional occupations: Satiu
est otiosum esse, quam nihil agere. Plin.
440. FERRE, GERERE, BAJULARE, PORTARE, VEHEO;
FERRE, CUERE FRUCTU31; FERRE, DE - REFERRB RBIII AD
ALIQUEM. Ferre, earrying, bringing as burden, load, e. g.
jugum: Oppidani cum omnibus rebus suis, qua ferri, agi-
que potuerunt, nocte excesserunt. Liv. Ferre sententiam de
aliquo. Cie., giving a judgment; Tribus plerasque tulit
Plancius. Id., obtaining the votes of most trilJes. Gerere,
422, carrying something publicly: Princeps Horatius ibat,
trigemina &polia pra se gerens. Liv. Bajulare (prop.
erly, making ajack),earrying on the neek: Hicistam colloca
cruminam in collo bajulabo. Plaut. Por.
tare, getting away, eonveying a thing from one place to
anotber; Naves legatos Romam portabant. Liv. Milu
circumspiciebat, quid secum por t a r e posset. Creso Tantum
nunc porto a portu tibi boni. Nunc hanc latitiam accipe a
me, quam Jero. Plaut. Vehere, moving away, conveying;
curro, equo v ehi, driving, riding, i. e. being moved away, by
a vehicle, on borsebaek. Formica vehit ore cibum. ovid.
Pecuniam portantibus mis pracipit Gentius, parvi.l itira-
eribus vel,erent. Liv., earrying. c,uadrigis vehens. Cie'
l
moving away, along.-Ferre fructum (bearing advantage,
bringing use), lJeing profitable, and enjoying advantage (carry.
ing away advantage), as reward of one's merit; Capere,
deriving advantage, enjoying tbe fruits of Bomething: Piscmi
441. Ferre. 207
.
jructum pietatis sua neque ex me, neque a pOpUlo Romano
jerre licut. Cie. Omnium laborum vos fructus uberes-
capietis. Id.-Ferre rem ad populum, bringingsome-
thing before the peopIe, reIating it to them, that they may
vote on it: Volero rogatonem ad populum tulit, ut
plebeii magistratus tributis comitiis .flerent. Liv. Thm, ut
bellum juberent, latum ad populum esto Id. Deferre
rem ad aliquem, lodging information with some one, in-
forming some one: Eporedorix, cognito Litavici consilio,
rem ad Cc1lsarem defert. Creso Gallic1l civitales habent
legibus sanctum, si quis quid de re publica a finitimis rumore
ac fama acceperit, uti ad magistratum deferat. Id.
Referre rem and de re ad aliquem, making report, as
delegate or ambassador, or offieially, consulting with some
one about something: His mandavit Cc1lSar, ut, quc1l diceret
Ariovistus, cognoscerent el ad se referrent. Creso Thnc
relata ex integro res ad Senatum. Liv.
441. FERRE, PERFERRE, SUSTINERE, TOLERARE, PATI,
PERPETI, SINERE, PERMITTERE. Ferre, bearing a burden,
having to earry onerous things, having them upon one's shoul.
ders: Magna laus est tul i s s e casus sapienter adversos, non
jractum e8se fortuna. Cie. Perferre, bearing, with manIy
perseveranee, to a eertain aim or end (per): Id, quod BUS-
cepi, quoad potero, perferam. Cie. Sustinere, keeping
the burden up, not allowing it to sink, holding from belotD,
persevering, with greater enduranee than is required by per-
jerre, sustaining with perseveranee: Suscips onus o.fficii,
'/!wd te putas sustinere posse. Cie. Milites virtute et pa-
U ;ntia nitebantur, atque omnia vulnera s u s ti n e b a n t. Creso
'1'olerare, bearing (if we say, he bore it well, Iike aman;
standing, if used as verb active), offering resistanee to the
feeling of the burdensome or onerous with persevering
strength, e. g. hiemem,famem, sumtus: Ferte, viri, el duros
animo t o le r a l e labores. Cie. P a t i, suffering, bearing with
resignation, allowing a thing to be done, to pass: Virotum
ut fortium, toleranter dolorem patio Cie. Gallia omnes
aquo animo belli patitur injurias. Id. Sequani per fines
auo. Helvetios ire patiuntur. Creso Perpeli, persever-
ing in suffering (per-pati): Mendicitatem mull perpeti-
tlntur, ut vivant. Ce. Sinere, 292, allowing to happen,
permitting: Sine nunc meo me vi/Jere modo. Ter. Suevi
vinum ad se importari non .inunt. Creso Permittere,
properIy, allowing to run; permitting that something be done,
208
442. Fervere. 444. Fetialis.
DOt throwing obstacIcs in the way, not hindering: Id, quod
imperatur, necessarium: illud, quod pe r m i t t i t u r, volu7lta-
rium esto Cic. Pontes rf'jicere, magnitudo Jlllminis non pero
mittebat. Creso
442. FERVERE, EFFERVESCERE, JESTUARE, EBULLIRE.
Fervere, obsolete Fervere, brewing, i. e. the making
noise by agitation of liquids (as the German brauen, brewing,
and brausen, producing loud noise, as the wind, yet lower
than howling, are etymologically nearly the same words),
boiling, e. g. aqlta, cera, a;s: Fervere appellant musti in
vina transitum. Plin. Effervescere, brewing up, boiling
up, hence, Orator effervescens iracundia. Cie. lEstu.
are, being in the state which is the effect of enduring and
more violent inward heat; with water, it precedes that of
bubbling by boiling, simmering (Gtlrman wallen): Syrtes,
ubi Mallra semper astuat unda. Hor. llle quum Olst",a
ret (sale), seclltllS esto Cic., boiled. EbulZire,
bubbling of boiling water, throwing up bubbles; hence, Diz
erit EpicllruS, semper beatum esse sapientem, quod quidem
solet e bu llire. Cie., with which he boasts.
443. FESSUS, FATlGATUS, LASSUS, LANGUIDUS. Fessu.
(fiitiscere, bursting from superabundance), tired, exhausted;
used of the exhaustion of strength,as quality; Fatigatus,
10, tired, without strength, as the state, effected from without;
Lassus, lax, used of want of strength or energy united with
dislike of labor, without its being the eReet of exertion; Lan.
guidus, languid, worn out, of exhaustion: Fessis . labore
ac pllgnando qlles data militib!ls. Liv. Longo itinere fati.
gatlls et onere fesslls. Id. Ut lassus veni de via, me
volo curare. Plaut. Romani, quamquam itinere atque opere
castrorum et prrelio fessi lassique erant, tamen instructi
intentique obviam procedebant. Nam dolus Numidarum ni-
hil la n g u id i, neque remissi patiebatur. Sallo
444. FETIALIS, PATER PATR\TUS, CADUCEATOR. The Fe-
tiales, priests, who watched over the observance of the law
of nations, demanded, when hostilities had broken out, satis.
faction of the enemies, announced war with peculiar ceremo-
nies, and consecrated alliances and treaties. The one among
them whose office it was to take the oath (jllSjurandum pa
trare) , was called the Pater patratus. Liv. 1, 24. 32.
Caduceator, a herald sent to the enemy; he earried for
his security a staff of peace: Philippus e a d u c e a t o r e 7/' ad
Consulem misit, q"i ind#cia$ ad aepeliendo$ equites
Liv.
445. Fet,". 446. Fidu. 209
445. FETUS, C.A.TULUS (CATELLUS), PULLUS, HINNUS,
HINNULEUS. Fetus, tbe produced living issue, tbe brood,
e. g. avium: Bestia, q'UtB multiplices fetus procreant, ut
aues, ut canes. Cie. Catulus, a young one of cata, dogs,
foxes, monkeys, bogs, stags, and otber animals (it eomprisea,
therefore, more tban tbe English whelp does at present,
thougb the original .meaning of whelp is not restrieted to
beasts of prey; it is originally tbe same witb calf, in other
Teutonie languages Kalp, Kwa?p, &c.): LeaJna catulorum
oblila. Virgo Catellus, signifies a puppy only. Tantil-
lum loci, ubi catellus cubeto Plaut. Pullus, finy (wbieh
, is tbe same word), of borses, asses; espeeially oC fowl (pul-
ul): Quum cavea liberati pulli non pascerentur. Cie.
Hin n u s, the young of amare and an ass: Equo et asina
genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos,
quos asini et eq'UtB generarent. Plin. Hinnulus, the young
of goats, deer, ehamois, atags; Hinnuleus, a stag of one
year, without anllera yet.
446. FIDES, FIDELTAS; FIDUS, FIDELIS; FIDENTLA, FI-
DUeIA, CONFIDENTIA. Pides, properly, promise; the hon-
esty in promises and eontracts or agreements, if we keep
tbem honesdy and conscientiously; and the helieC in fue
truth of a thing, tbe holding ourselves eonvinced of its cer-
tainty: Fides es.t dictorum conventorumque constantia et
ventas. Ce. Fidem res habuit. Ovid., it was helieved, the
thing found helief. Fidelitas, faithfulness, conscientious.
Dess in tbe fulfilment of one's duties and calling: Vita mea
f'delitate amicorum conservata esto Cic.- Fidus, trust-
worthy, lo he relied upon: Canum fi d a custodia. Fi d e
lil, faithful, who keeps faith, in whom you may confide =
Servi animo fideli in dominum. Cic. - Fidentia, the
being confident, self-reliance, tbe heing of good cheer,opp.
melus: Fidentia est, per quam magni& et honesti& in rebU8
muUum ipse animus in se fiducia certa cum spe collocavit.
Cie. Fiducia, eonfidenee: Non modo spem tibi, sed prope
certam fidudam saluti& prabet. Liv. ID law language,
fiducia signifiea the pledge or security for fulfilment oC
payment, which the eredilor receives from the debtor; fur-
ther, a sale on condition of heing permitted to buy back,
and the necessary contraet respecting the transaction: Qui
fiduciam accepit, debet prtZ8tare fidem. Cie. Confiden.
tia, a faulty confidenee, boldness, temerity: Videte, quo
18-
210 447. Fieri. 448. Figura.
vultu, qua confidentia dicant; tum intelligetis, qua.reli.
gione dicant. Cie.
447. FIERI, EVADERE. Fieri (one of the'most sensible
laeks of the English idiom is, that it has no word whieh ex-
presses that signifiention of fieri whieh in German is given
by werden, a want whieh makes itself eontinually felt, and
aetually forees the writer to leave eertain shades unsaid);
beginning to be, growing, eontinuing to be, happening; Eva-
de r e, coming about, to pass, at last, turning out thus or other-
wise: Ego sum ille Amphitruo, idem Mercurius qui fit,
guando commodum esto Plaut. Fit, quod futurum di3:i. Id.
Albucius perfectus Epicureus e vas e r a t. Cie.
448. - FIGURA, FORMA, SPEClES; TROPUS"; FIGURARE, FOR-
MARE, CONFORMARE. The figure of a tbing is ealled Figu-
ra, if it represents something general, and is proper ror a
certain end only; Forma, if it represents a definite object,
and, eonformably to the letter, its parts stand in the proper
proportions to one another; S pe ci e s, if the observer repra-
sents it to himself, as it appears to him, see 424, hence the
appearanee, the look: Himera, in muliebrem figuram ha-
ltitumque formata ex oppidi nomine et fluminis. Cie. Natura
figuram corporis ltaltilem et aptam ingenio ltumano dedito
Id. Artifex quum faceret Jovis formam aut MinervaJ, non
ex aliquo similitudinem ducebat. Id. Uri sunt specie el
colore et figura tauri. Creso Natura formam, corporis
nostri, reliquamque figuram, in qua esset species honesta,
eam posuit in promtu. Cie. Formam, those parts which
give beauty to the body; figuram, those whieh are neces-
sary for its destination; species, tbe sight of which is not
offensive. - Fi g u r a, in rhetorie, cvery modificatioo of ex-
pression by whieh the same is beautified, and, becomes capa-
b1e of produeing a more lively impression or notioo connected
with direet pleasure, e. g. prosopoxeia: Crudelitatis mater
est avaritia, et pater furor; the antitheton: Domus deerat 'J
At ha bebas. Pecunia superabat" At egebas. Tropu8,
the more vivid representation of an idea under the image of
something similar or well-known, as in the metonymy, synec-
dochc, and metaphor; the trope. - Figurare, shaping,
forming something aecording to its destiny: Bov.m terga ftOII
ad onus accipiendum figttrata. Cie. Formare, fashion-
ing, giving to a substanee that forr.n in wbieh it representa a
certain objeet with the same proportions of its parts: E Paria
ormatul" marmore sig-num. Ovid. Materiam jingit eC
--
449. Fingere. 450. Finis.
211
format Cie. Conformare, forming something
barmonious in its parts: Mundus non adijicatus est, sed a
natura conformatus. Cje. '
449. FINGERE; CON - CONFLARE; FICTOR,
PLASTES; FIGULARIS, FICTILIS; FICTUS, COMMENTICIUS, SIlII-
ULATUS. Fingere, fashioning, forming, causing a rude sub-
stance lo assume a eertain form; it precedes the figurare and
formare, see 448; Confingere, forming that things tit to-
getber, to one another; Effingere, forming after an original;
ConfZare, melting metal s together: Aves fingunt nidos;
fingere aliquid e cera. Cie. .Apes favos confingunt
et ceras. Pljn. Icarus bis conatus erat casus effingere in
aura. Virgo .Augustus argenteas statuas, olim sibi positas,
conflavit omnes. Suet.-Fictor, the fashioner, he who
fasbions some substanee, e. g. wax, elay, wood, stone, abd
the like, into a figure, an image, &c.; P l a s t e s, the fasb-
ioner of soft substanee, as wax, clay; yet for tbis, fictor js
more eommon: Faber quum 9uid (l!dijicaturus est, materia
utitur ea, qU(l! sit parata: Ji c t or que item cera. Cie.-
Figu 1 aris, proper for the potter (figulus), e. g. rota, creta;
FictiZis, earthen, made of el ay : Vasa fictiZia. - If
fingere takes as substanee sometbing unrenl, merely im-
agined, it signifies treating a fietion poetieally (German er-
dichten); the inventing of this subjeet, the tbinking it out, is
expressed by Comminisci; bence Fictus, invented, fieti-
tious, put on by way of bypoerisy (German erheuchelt): Pro
non incauto, fictum astutumque vocamus. Hor. Commen-
ticius, invented by way of fietion, for pleasure or entertain-
'ment, e. g. crimen; ficta et commenticia fabuZa. Cie.
Simulatus, only apparent, not real: In amicitia tenen-
dum, ne quid fictum sit neve Cic., no si m-
ulation.
450. FINIS, MODUS, TERMINUS, LIMES, META; FINIRE,
TERMINARE, DEFINIRE, DETERMINARE. Finis, Ihe limit of
a tbing as tbe end of its extension, tbe end, wbere something
ceases in .time or spaee; Fines, tbe limits of a eountry, and
the land comprised within them itself: Ligures ad e:ctremum
finem provinci(l! Gallia veneront. Liv. Domus finis est
wus. Cie., the objeet, tbe end. Dumnorix a Sequanis impe-
trat, ut per fine, suos Helvetios ire patiantur. Creso Mo-
dus, the measure to determine a magnitude, and by wbieh
something is limited, aecording to space, time, nnd degree:
Modos, metirentur rura, aliw alio, c01l8t-ituit. Varr.
212
451. Flaccucere.
Modum ponere orationi. Tac., not allowing it lo become
too long; fin e m ponere, to make an end to it, stopping.
Terminus, the sign or mark of limit, the limit-stone, the
final aim not to be trespassed, in reference to th'e space on the
other side: Cerios mihi fines terminosque constituam,
mra quos egredi non possim. Cic. Limes, a cross-way,
cross-path, boundary, limits, the old mere, the strip of un-
ploughed land between two fields (in German, Rain), and
every landmark for the pUl'pose of dividing land, a post,
stone: Ante JOfJem ne signare quidem aut partiri limite.
campum fu erat. Virgo Meta, a conically formed hay-
stack, the cone at the end of the Roman circus, and, in gen-
eral, the aim, term, where we turn again: Famum siccatum
in metas exstruere. Colum. Sal u aquiJ meta distahat
atraque. Ovid., at noon, beca use there the chariot of Phmoos
turos again, if not back, at least down.-Finire, limiting,
ending, finishing, concluding: Populi Romani imperium
Rhenus finito Creso Terminare, drawing the limits, be-
. yond w,hich something shall not go: Mare terras terminat
omnes. Lucret. Bellum finire, bringing to an end; Ter-
minare bellum, a stop to it, not allowing it to con-
tinue any longer. Definire, showing, indicating accurately
, the limits, how far a thing extends and no further, or how far
it is to extend: Fundi utre7nam partem olea directo ordine
defini",nt. Cic., they indicate the limits of the land from
within outward ;-terminant, they make the limit with
regard to the thiogs without, surrounding land. Determi-
nare, reducing the limits to a certain mark or to certain
bounds, boundaries: Vates scipione determinavit te1IIpli
imaginem in solo., Plin.
451. FLACCESCERE, TABEscERE; FLACCIDUS, MABCIDUS.
Flaccescere, hecoming flaccid, slack (jlagging), wither-
ing; Tabescere, melting away by dissolution, diminishing
imperceptibly, vanishing: Famiculum sub tecto exponito, d"",
flaccescat. Colum. Sol altas nivea radiis tabeseere
cogt. Lucret. Diuturno morbo tabescere. Cic.-Flac-
cidus, withered, slack, limber, e. g. folium; Marcidus,
friable, brittle (this is the nearest, 1 believe, that our language
can approach, though marcidus expresses that lack of con-
sistency and solidity which we observe in wood with dry rot,
or the ice of sea water, while brittle would indicate the ease
with which glass can be broken), e. g. lZS8eres obndi "etu&-
tate. Vitruv. Caper flaccidis et pragrlll"u.tibru auribua_
452. Flare. 455. Fluere. 213
Colum., natura\ly flabby; Equis fessis (JUres marcida.
PIin., slack, pending, from fatigue.
452. FLARE, SPIRARE, HALARE. Fiare, bIowing, is the
forcible exhalation of air in one direction, and in Ol1e bIast,
one exertion: Simul fl a r e sorbereque haud facile esto
Plaut. Spirare, breathing, blowing, of the motions of the
atmosphere, every perceptible draft of air: Nec Zephyra.
audis spirare secundos 1 Virgo Halare, a soft streaming
of air from within the body; lhat breathing which is stronger
than the common breathing, but less forcibIe than blowing, if
expressed by fiare: De gelidis halabat vallibw aura.
Ovid.
453. FLECTERE, PLECTERE, PLICARE; MovERE, AFFICERE.
Flectere, bending, changing tha straight direction into a
curved: Flectitur obsequio curvatus ao aroare raatU.
Ovid. Pie e ter e, braiding, entwining, according to order
or not, pIiable bodies, is only used in the partic. prat. and
in compoullds. Flores plexi corollis. Catull. PUcare;
foIding: Charta plicetur altera. Martia!' - Flectere,
giving a different direction to one's opinion or disposition,
moving to compassion, to yield: Commutare animos atque
omni ratione flectere. Cic. Movere, moving from the
spot: Gleba ca3pere m o v e ri. Ovid., and moving the soul,
the heart, producing in them a change, exciting pleasure or
displeasure, illclination or disinclination, joy or grief: M 0-
ver e risum, indignationem, odium, misericordiam. F 1 e c-
tere si nequeo superos, Acheronta movebo. Virg .. Affi-
cere 'animum, influencing the soul in a mauncr that it is
placed in a disposition corresponding to our intentions, influ-
encing: Eorum, qui audiunt, sic afficiulltur animi, ut
e08 affici vult orator. Cic. Animi spectantur aut quemad-
modum affecti sint, virtutibus, t,itiis, ar#bus, inertiis,
aut quemadmodum e o m m o t i, cupidtate, metu, voluptate,
molestia. Id.
454. FLORERE, VGERE. Florere, bIowing, flourishing:
Aroor lentisci una ter flor e t. Cie. Regina Berenice, f1o-
rens atate formaque. Tac. Vigire, being in its vigor, i,n
full power, alacrity, and activity, being alive: Jacet corpus
dormientis, ut mortui; vi g e t autem et vivt animus. Cic.
455. FLUERE, LAllI, MANARE; FLUCTUS, UNDA, FLUEN-
TUM; FLUXUS, FLUIDUS, CADUCUS. Fluere, flowing, mov-_
ing along, as liquid body, without roferenca lo direction or
coursa La o i, 156, running, easily gliding along, sIightIy
214 456. Flwitul.
downward; M a na,. e, running, eou18ing, streaming, from a
given point in one uninterrupted eou18e, and extending fur-
tlter: F 1 u u n t laehrima more perclln& aqUtB. Ovid. AtUpice
jucundo labentes murmure ri"os. Id. Gutta Jabtur eJI
oculis. Id., glides down. Sudor ad imos m a n a t talos. Hor.
Manabat sazo vena perennis aquce. Ovid. Multa a luna
m a na n t et fl u u n t, quibus animantes alantu,.. Cie. - F 1 u c-
tus, properly, the waving, the wave, the large mass of water
wbieh is forcibly heaving and apparently -moving along on the
agitated sea, the billow: lnsani feriant sine litora fl u e t u s.
Virgo Un d a, the wave, smaUer than the previous one, the
ever-movable, mostly smaUer mass of water whieh heaves on
a moved mass of water: Sonat un dar u m incurau graou
un da; fl u e t i b u s erigitur ecelumque aquare videtur pon-
tus. Ovid. Fluentum, the heaving mass in its natural stnte,
wbile fluetus is caused from without by storm, earthquake.
Fluenta, the billows, heavings, as an aggregate (German,
die Fluthen): llle (Eridanus) eaput placidis sublime fluen-
tis extulit. _Claudian.-Fluxus, that by which the flowing
becorues perceptible: Purpurce fl uzo s habent suecos. PIin.
Vas fluzum pertU8'Umque. Lucret. Fluxa fortuna, fides,
inconstant. Fluidus, liquid, fluid: Contrarium est terre-
num fluido. Colum. Mollia et fluida eorpora. Liv.,
lax, incapable of resistance. Cadueus, that in which the
falling shows itself as prominent quality, fallen, CaUing, ripe
for falling, e. g. folium: Res humance fragiles e a d u e ce fJ1I8
aunt. Cic., frail, transient, apt or destined to faU (tbe Gerroan
hnfollig).
456. FLUVIUS, FLUlIfEN, AMNIS, RlVUS, TORRENS. Flu-
vius, river (properly, the flow) considered simply materially,
as ever-flowing mass of water: Fluvius Eurotas is, qu
;rapter Lacedcemonem flut. Cic. Hence also as river-god,
personified quality of flowing. Flumen, river, inasmueh as
we perceive in it the flowing as a permanent state: Indtul e8t
omnium fluminum maximtul. Cic. Hence also used oC
rivulets: Nos flumina areemus, dirigimus, avertimtul. Cie.
Flumen oration8: Flumen aliisverborum volubilitasque
eordi esto Id., flow of words. .A mnis, the stream, larger
than Fluvius, and flowing with greater rapidity, e. g. Mee-
ander: Pars magna Carpetanorum flumine (Tago) ab-
sumta; quidam vortieoso amni delati in hastes, ab elephan-
tis obtriti sunt. Liv. R i v U s, a smaU running water, rivulet :
E rivo flumina magnafacis. Ovid. Sudor ftuitundique
...
45"1. Festidus. 461. Forem.

r,vu. Id. Torr6na, properly, boiJing of heat (torrere),
streaming with velocity, tearing rapidity: Urba cingitur
amne torrenti. Curto Bence a wild freshet, which io-
creases becomes torrena and dries up again: _Rapi-
4US montano Jlumine torrena aternit aata. Virgo
457. F<ETIDUS, PUTlDUS. FaJtidua, stinking, the evil
smell of which causes disgust: Ore faJtido teterrimam no-
bis popinam inhalabas. Cic. Putidua, rotten, putrid, smell-
ing of rottenness: Putida caro. Cic. Putidre paludia
vorago. Catull.
458. FOLlUM, FRONS. Folium, the Jeaf, ofall kinds oC
leaves; Prons, properly, the young sprout of leaves; the
brand1 with the leaves, and foliage: In arboribua truncua,
rami, f o li a aunt. Cic. F o li a creptll, chartarum. Plin.
In nemoribua virgulta et frona multa. Varr. Bobua praJo
ataMt villicua Octobri f r o ti d e m et ficulnea f o 1 i a. Colum.
459. FONS, SCATURIGO, SCATEBRA, PUTEUS. Fona, the
well, in reference to its origin from the earth: Rivorum a
fonte deductio. Cic. Causa atque fona mlP-Toria. Id.
Scaturigo, the well, as the water gushing forth with vio-
lence from the earth: Vix deducta aumma arena erat, quum
a c a t u T g i n e s primo tenuea emicare, dein multam fundere
aquam ca!perunt. Liv. Scatebra, spouting, gushing forth
Crom the earth, and rising to sorne elevation: Scatebra
fonticuli semper emicante, lacua non augetur. Plin. Puteua,
a pool, a well, artificially dug, where water coJlects: Miae-
rum est op_us demum fodere puteum, ubi sitia fauces tenet.
Plaut. Aqua hausta de jugi puteo. Cic.
460. FORARE, PERFORARE, TEREBRARE, CAVARE. Fo-
rare, making a hale, as passage: Forata arbore lapiclem
adigito. Colum. Perforat en8e latus. Ovid., through aod
through. Perforare is Forare with the idea of quite
through. Terebrare, boring with a gimlet or similar in-
strument, which is turned: Arbores terebrare Gallica tere-
bra. Colum. Cavare, hollowing, making a cavity: Saza
cavantur aqua. Ovid., poetical: -Parmam gladio, galeam-
que e a v a Ti videt. Id.
461. FOREM, ESSEM; FORE, FUTURUM RSSE. Forem,
1 should, would be, and Fore, to become (see 447), infini
tive future of the verb being, designates a being (i. e. "to
be," a state) which depends upon circumstances, with regard
to which first something else must happen befare it can be
realizad, can appear as reality; Ellem,I may be, a being
216 462. Forfex. 465. Formula.
(" to be," a state) whieh is supposed, indeed, yet supposed as
something actual, real; Futurum esse, a being, a s18te,
whieh does Dot yet exist, but is now beeoming, growing: Si
saela forent antiquis grata pueUis, essem ego, quod nunc
tu: tempore vineor ego. Propert. Neque ego ea, qua jacta
aunt, fore quum dieebam, divinabam futllra: lIed quod et
fieri pOSlle, et eritiosum f o r e, si evenisset, videbam, id ne
aecideret, timebam. Cie. Gavium eum futurum eue puto,
qui e s s e debet. Id.
462. FORFEX (FORPEX), FORcEPs, VOLSELLA. Forpez,
tbe seissors of the barbers, is only corrupted profluneiation
of Forfez, the scissors; Foreeps (fervum-eapere, 164,
properly, tire tongs); Forfiee fila: pilos eape forpiee:
Forcipe ferrum. Isidor. Vitiosa grana uvarum forjici-
bus amputant. Colum. Compressam forcipe linguam abs-
tulit ense. Ovid. Volsella, tweezers, a pair .of nippers,
to tear out (evellere, Freneh piler) hairs, and for similar
use.
463. FORI, TRANSTRA, JUGA. Fo ri, 186, the passages 00
tbe deek, foom aft to the bow: Fori, tabulata natJium: ab
eo, quod incessus ferant. Servius. Transtra, the benehes
for ,the oarsmen, in the bold abeam the vessel: Navium
t r a n s t r a pedalibus in latitudinem trabibus conji:ca clatJis
ferreis. Creso Juga, the same benehes, inasmueh as they
reaeh aeross the vessel, from one side to the other: Animas
1
qua per juga longa sedebant, deturbat, lazatque foroll.
Virgo
464. FORIS, FORAS. Foris (instead of a foris partiblJll,
from forus, i. e. quod fertur extra), without, and from witb-
out, opp. intus, intra; Foras (for ad fOl'as partes), out-
ward, direetion toward witbout: Adversarii et intra vallum
et fori8 cadebantur. Nep. Ut apud te ezemplum ezperi-
undi habeas, ne petas foris. Plaut. Incanatum 8enem jo-
ral extrudunt midiere.. Id.
465. FORMULA, NORMA,. REGULA. Formula, the pre-
scribed, gene rally aneient words, whieh were used in eertain
kinds of legal transaetions, and in the senl!e of wbieh tbe
latter must be exeeuted, when they sbould be valid, e. g.
Formula testamentorum, juris eonsultorum. Sunt jura,
aunt f o r m u 1 a- de omnibus rebus constituta, ne quis aut in
genere injuria, aut ratione actioni8 errare p08sit. Cie. P.
&ipio .LEmilianus Africam in formulam redegit provin-
cia. Vellei., giving the accustomed organization oC aRoman
466. Forn:. 467. Forte. 21'7
province. Norma, square (ofthecarpenter), and Regula,
R rule (the instrument for ruling); tropically, the rule, that
by which we regulate our free actions. Norma determines
the measures and proportions which we observe in so doing
Regula, the whole procedure which we follow or observe:
Nec sunt hfZC rhythmicorum ac musicorum acerrima "O r m a
dirigenda. Cic. Habere regulam, qua vera et falsa judi-
centur. Id.
466. FORNIX, CAIIlEllA, TEs;ruDo, THoLus, LACUNAR,
LAQUEAR. Fornix, the single arch-way; Camera (which
is more correet than the later Camara), the ceiling, consisting
of arches, vault: Tullianum (in carcere Romano) muniunt
undique panetes, atque insuper camera lapideis fornici-
bus vineta. Sall. Testudo, a vault of low and long arches,
in the form of the shell of a turtle. Tho lus, the inner cen-
tral point of a vault, in which the arches meet; generally a
cupola: Par (TerrfZ rotundfZ) facies templi: nullus procur-
re in illo angulus: a pluvio vindicat imbre tholus. Ovid.
Lacunar, the inlaid ceiliog, inasmuch as it is provided with
embellishing squares, hoUows (lacus); Laqueada, plur.
the lines similar to drawn cords (laqueus) which define these
entablatures of a ceiling; hence the ceiling itself: Non ebur,
neque altreum mea renidet in domo lacunar. Hor. De
pendent lychni laquear-ibus Virgo
467. FORTE, FORTUITO - TU, FORS, FOBsAN, FORSIT,
FORSITAN, FORTASSE, FORTASSlS. Forte, as form of the
Ablative, by a chance, by chance, of an event, the causes
and cOllnexion of which we are uoable to explain: For',
ut in Privernati e8semus. Cic., hence perhaps, aner
si, nisi: Nemo fere saltat sobrius, nisi fort e Cie.
Fortuito, only with later writers Fortuitu, accidentally:
Ea, qUfZ gignuntur, donata consulto nobis, non fortuito
fUlta videntur. Cc. Fors, 183, as adverb, Forsan, For.
. it (jorlJ-sit), poetical, and Forsitan, it may, it might be
that, are used if something is imagined as possible: Et for.
quatis cepissent prfZmia rostris, ni Cloanthus divos in vta
VOCa8set. Virg., at a boat-racing. Aliquis forsa.n me putet
non putare hoc verum. Ter. Fo()rsitan qUfZratis, qui iste
terror sito Cic., expecting. Neque id facio, ut forsitan
quibusdam videor, simulatione. Id. Forta88e, as Accusa
tive, rarer Fortassis, as Genitive, perhaps, if the supposi.
tion is pronounced with a belief in the probability of the
event: Habes epistolam verbosiorem f o r t a s s e, quam veh.
19
218 46B. Forum. 471. Frangtre.
Cic. Sed ego fortaue vaticinor et MC omnia meZiora
Aabebunt entus. Id., for which older editions have ego foro
ta .. '"
468. FORUM, VELABRUM, MACELLUM; CONCILIABULUII,
EIIlPORlUM. Forum, market, market.place, whither como
modities were carried (ferre) for sale, e. g. boarium, piaClJ.
torium. Erat Vaga, oppidum Numidarum, .!or'l)m renn.
venalium totius regni maxime celebratum. Sall. Velabrv.,
places or squares in Rome, at the foot of the Aventine, Pala
tine, and Capitoline hills, where oil and cheese sellers offered
their commodities. Between the larger and lesser VeZabra&a
was situated the Macellum, the food market, where meat,
fowls, vegetables, &C. were soldo - Forum RomanuJII,
chief square in Rome, where aU public magisterial acts were
performed; hence also were called Fora those provincial
places where, on account of the con flux of people, market
days and courts were held, e. g. Forum Julii; Forum Vo
con-ii; Conciliabulum, pr9perly a club; generaUy, smaller
market.places, with courts, in the Roman provinces: Decem-
viri supplicationen& in biduum in urbe et per omnia f o r a,
conciliabulaque edJ:erunt. Liv. Emporium, properly,
a commercial place: Creusa Thespiensium emporium, in
imimo sinu Corintl,iaco retractum. Liv.
469. FOSSA, FOVEA, SCROBS. Fossa (fodere), a long
dit.ch, fosse (as being dug, as the German Graben, from the
corresponding verb, and etymologically the same with the
English word grave): Pomarium circummunire fossa prtBo
cipiti. Calum. Fovea (fodere), a short ditch, a hole dug
in the ground, an excavation to catch or keep wild beasts:
Anates in fovealJ, quibus feras venamut, delapsa evadunt.
Plin. Scrobs,obsolete Scrobis,ahole to put something
in: Viti ponenda scrobilJ in longitudinem altitudinemque
tlefo.1JUS tripedaneutJ. Colum.
470. FOVERE, CALEFACERE. Fovere, warming, keeping
wann: Aves pullo. pennis fovent, ne frigore lc:edantur.
Cic., hence, fostering, 433. Quasi fovebam dolores meoS.
Id. Calefacere, making warm, heating: Arborum con
.cctioni ad calefaciendum corpus, igni ad1&ibito, mi
mur. Cic. .
471. FRANGERE, RUMI'ERE; FRAGMENTUM, FRusruM, SEG-
MENTUM. Frangere, breaking something solid by 8 violent
pressure, blow, &c.: cervices, patinam; alicujUIJ juroref1l
petulantia",,!ue. Cic. Perjidiosum el neJari:,!>m est
472. Frenum. 474. Prugu.
219
frangere. Id. Rumpere (from rapere, plucking), tear-
ing, separating by-violent extension: Nod06 et vincula linea
rupit. Virgo InfiatlB rumpuntur vencula. Cic. Fra,,-
gere !adus, designates the sacrilegious violation of that
which IS sacred in tbe flBdus; R u m pe r e, the violent sepa-
ration and dissolutic;m of the parto - Fragmentum, part oC
something broken, fragment, e.g.lapidis,justis; Frustum
(rumpere), a piece torn off from a whole: Frustum OfflB
cadit ex pulli ore, quum pascitur. Cic. Viscera in frusta
Becant. Virgo Segmentum (secare), a piece cut off, a seg-
ment; this is even on the side of the cut, and thus may be
fitted to the whole agaio, which the frustum caooot: Plu-
ro. aunt segmenta mundi, qua Mstri circulas appellavere.
Plin. Quid de veste loquar '! nec vos, s e g m e n t a, requi-
ro. Ovid.
472. FRENUM, LUPI, LUPATA, CAPISTRUM; HABENA.
Frenum, plur. Freni and Frena, bridle, bit; the latter is
the original meaning: Equum coegit frenos invitum patio
Phmdr. Frena injicere licentilB. Hor. Lupi, " wolf-bit,"
a sort of frenum with iron teeth, like those oC wolves; more
frequently Lupati and Lupata: Asper equU8 duris con-
tunditur ora lupatis. Ovid. Capistrum, cavesson (Croro
the French cavesson, German Kappzaum, literally, Cap-
bridle), also halter: Pullos asinorum noctibus leniter capis-
tris habent vinctos. Varr. Habena, halter, something by
which we may retard, relax, lead something, bridle oC horses :
Tempore paret equus lentis animoaus ha b e n i s, et placido
duros accipit ore 1 u p o s. Ovid.
473. FIlIGUS, ALGOR (ALGu) , GELU, RIGOR. Frigus,
the cold, which causes congealing: Tectis frigorum vis
peUitur. Cic. AIgor, the cold which is felt,. tbe Ceeling
cold: Hostis confectus algore atque inedia. Tac. Algu,
antiquated, tbe cold which withers, makes limber: Orepitam
dentibus algu. Lucret. Gelu, the cold wbich makes coag-
ulate, congeal, the frost: Geluque jlumina constiterint aculo.
Hor. Rigor, tbe stiffness of frost: Bruma nivea affert
pigrumque rigorem reddit. Lucret.
474. FRUGES, FRUCTUS, FETUS, FRUMENTUM; FRUGJ,
FRUGALIS. Fruges, aU fruit of the field, also of trees, as
productions of the soil: Natura fruges ad spicam perdudt
ab herba. Cic. FructuI (frui), tbe fruit, whicb can be
enjoyed, caten; the produce, and every enjoyment, use,
which we derive Crom a tbing: Fructum, arbitror, UIfJ
220 475. Frustra. 476. Ftlgen.
fondi eum, qui ex eo satus nascitur utilia ad aliquam remo
Varr. Frugum fructuumque reliquorum perceptio et con-
se",atio sine hominum opera nulla eSS8 potest. Cie., of the
fruita of the field, and of the produce of meadow land, gar-
deos, and pastures. Gloria est fructus vera virtutia. Id.
Fetus, 445, the fruit as something produced by theprocess
of generation: Ager aratur, qua meliores fetus pos8t et
grandiores edere. Cic. Fetus arborei, vinea. Virgo Fr.
mentum, grain, as means of nourishment: Frumentum e:c
agria in loca tuta comportatur. Cic. Frugum mm dilo
genera: frumen tum, Id triticum, hordeum; et legumina,
Id faba, cicer. Plin. - Frugi, properly, useful; acting ra-
tionally: L. Piso tanta virtute atque integritate foit, Id aolus
.Frugi nominaretur. Cie. Proverbii locum obtinet; homi-
nem frugi omnia recte facere. Id, Frugali8 is only used
as comparative and superlative of frugi: OptimUB colonus,
parciasimus, modestiasimus, frugalissimus. Cie.
475. FRUSTRA, INcAssUM, NEQUlDQUAM, GRATIS, GKA.-
TUITO; CASSUS, IRRITUS. In vain is given by Frustra
(fraus), if de,eeivedexpeetation and unsuccessful exertion is
lo be expressed: Obseero, ne me in leetitiam frus.tra COft-
jicias. Ter. Heec si verbis explicare conemur, frustra
suscipiatttr labor. Cic. Inca88um, without effect and, use:
Galli vana incassum jactare tela. 'Liv. Incas8um pati
labores. Virgo Nequidquam, without comlng lo the oh-
ject, effecting any thing: Res n e q u i d q u a m erant rr.petittB.
Liv. Neq'Ufdquam sapit 8apiens, qui ipsesibi prodesse
non quito Ennius i while Gratis, also Gratiis, is gratis,
without taking or giving remuneration: Gratis re publictB
servire. Cic. Habitare gratis in alieno. Id. Gratuito,
gratuitously, from mere kindness, to render himself l i g i n ~ :
Multorum causas non gravate et gratuito defendere. Cle.
- Cassus, empty,of something hollow, e. g. nu.r, glans;
hence, in vain: Cassi labores et irifructuosie preces. Plin.
Irdtus, properly, invalid: Quotl modo erat ratum, irri-
'um esto Ter., bence, in vain, as well as not done, frustrated:
Sternuntur segetes, longique labor perit irritus anni. Ovid.
Irritee preces. PIin., without effect, useIess.
4'76. FUGERE, SUBTERFUGERE, VITARE, FAeERE PUGAM,
TERGUM VERTERE, SOLUM VERTERE; FUGA, EXSILIUM; Fu-
GAX, FUGlTIVUll, PROFUGUS. Fugere, fiying, retiring in
haste from a place, and slrlving to get rid of a thing, witb-
drawing from it, e. g. compeetum multiludinis, labor"".,
477.
221
Subter fugere, stealing away from, e. periculUll4: UlyB-
ses simuZatione insanitB mitiam subterJugere voluit. Cie.
Vi t a r e, avoiding, going out of the way: Eum locum si qwi
vi t a r e voZuerit, su; millium circuitu in oppidum perveniet.
Creso CoZumbtB qum sape effugissent miluum, et celeri-
tate penntB evitasse-nt necem. Phredr. PericuZum fugere,
fiying the danger, is if we do not expose ourselves to it; vi-
.tare, eseaping t, by not falling into it. Fugam facere,
making fiight, i. e. running away, beeoming runaways: Fun-
dam tibi nunc vellem dari, ut tu ilZos procul hinc e:l: occulto
ctBderes: facerent fugam. Ter. Fuga confestim e:I:
tlcie, duce amisso, fieri capta esto Liv., and tbat
one runs away: Anguis elapsus terrorem jugamque Jecit.
Liv. Terga vertere, tuming the back, i. e. tUI:Iling to
fligbt: Hostes terga verterunt, neque prius fugere
destiterunt, quam ad flumen Rhenum pervenerint. Cres. So-
1um vertere, ehanging tbe soil (i. e. our country), mealUl
going into a foregn or otber eountry, generally of voluntary
exile: Qui volunt ptBnam aliquam subterfugere, twt calamita-
tem, eo s o Z u m ver t u n t, hoc est, sedem ac locum mutant.
Ce., emigrating. - Fuga, fiight from one's eountry, as mere
removal: Ob invidias multitudinis civium ezpulsiones, /:4-
.lamitates, fugtB. Exsilim (see 416), the residenee with.
out one's eountry, in order to escape punishment, and WJ
punisbment, exile: Exsilium non supplicium est, sed per-
fogium portusque supplicii. Ce. Camillus damnatus in ex-
silium abiit. Lv.-Fugax, given to fiigbt, apt to fiy, he
who does not stand, and easily runs away. e. g. cervus: Fu-
gaces labuntur anni. Hor. Fugitivus, fugitive, being on
the fligbt, also a runaway slave: Dicitur tuus servus fugi-
tivus cum VardtBis esse: ego, terra marique ut conquirer80
tur, prtBmandavi. Ce. Profi.gus, he who fiies on in the
wide world: Profugi ScythtB. Hor., who have no stationary
place, erring: Hannibal, patria profuguB, pervenerat ad
:Antiochum. Liv., far away from his country.
477. FULClRE, SUSTINERE, SUSTENTARE; FULTUS, NIXUS,
FRETUS. Fu 1 cir e, propping, supporting, giving support:
Fulcire opus trabibus. PIn. Imperium gloria debet jul-
tum esse et benevolentia sociorum. Cie. Sustinere, 441,
holding upright (as we use the noun upright fora support) ;
holdng up, supporting: Sene:l: ferula titubantes artus BUS t i-
neto Ovid. Milo humeris 8Ustinebat bovem vivum. Cic.
CtBSar labentem excerit, ubit etnBti1luit re, jO.f'blfl4,
19-
478. FulFe.
fideo Cie. Svstentare, tropical, keeping 'Up something
from perishing, preserviDg, aDd bearing. eDduriDg: Valetudo
8U. ten t a t Uf" notitia sui corporis et observatione, qua res
aut prodesse soleant, aut obesse. Ce. Sapientes laborem spe
otii Iustentant. Sall.-Fultus,supported,held upbya
8UppOrt: Domus fulta columnis. Propert. Nixus or Ni-
BUS, restDg OD something, leaDing: Scavola, confeclus senec-
tute, hastili nixus. Cie. FretuI, properly, resting 00
somethiDg; cODfidiDg in something, relyng OD (which is tbe
same trope): Hac scripsi liberius, fretus conscientiaof-
ficii mei benevolentiaque. Ce. Miles, ferrg et animis fre-
tUI. Liv. '
478. FuLGERE, SPLENDERE, LUCERE, NITERE, CORUS-
CARE, RADIARE, MICARE; FULG'ERE, FULGURARE; FULGOR,
FULGUR, FULGETRUM, FULGURATlO, FULI\!EN. Fulgere,
emittiDg a bright, bliDdinglight, shining in a high degree, e. g.
ebore et auro, purpura: Micantes fulsere gladii. Liv.
Splendere, emitting apure, /lhiDing ligbt: Splenden.
Pario marmore purius. HOl. Splendens steIla candida.
Plaut. Lucere, giving light, emitting a light whieh makes
things visible: Luna luce lucet aliena. Cie. Nitere,
shining, of the mi Id shine of apure, smooth, bright, or oHy
surraee: Nitent unguentis, fulgent purpura. Cie. .lEra
nitent usu. Ovid. Ciruscare, prperly of the quivering
of the lightning, flame, rays of light; glitterlng, eorrtscating :
Flamma inter nubes coruscat. Ce., of the lightning; henee
it is used of the qniveriDg motioD of slender, poi'nted bodies:
Longe coruscat sarraco veniente abies .. JuveDa!., active:
Hastamque coruscat. Virg., shakes. Radiare, radiating,
sending forth rays: Radiantis imagine luna. Virgo i ~
care, of.rays suddenly darting forth and vanishing: Qualis
gemma micat. Virgo Micat ignibus ather. Id., henee ol
similar movements: Aures micantes pavidis equis. Plin.
- (The reader wiII have observed, that the EngHsh language
is peeuliarly destitute of words designating with nieety either
the degree, effeet, or movement of light. lndead, there are
yet many other Dotions respecting light to be expressed, aDd
are aetually expressed by other laDguages, for which we have
DO words iD English. For tbe variEities of souDd, tbe English
seems peculiarly rich. May DOt the reason be, tbat ligbt is not
a very promineDt ingredient in th English sky, but that tlM)
sea-girt isle has the greatest variety of sounds daily sounding
up to her shore r Be thu.t as it mar, the remark appliea lo,
the subsequent part of this section likewise.}-Fulgere,
obsolete, lightning, of the sudden dart of the single flash of
lightning: Antiqui al'l aignijicandum hane e nubibus IJUbita
lucs eruptionem dieebant fulgere. Senec. Fulgurare,
the flashing of Ihe eleetrie fluid in the skies, without a paJ"tic.
ular line in whieh the light is eoneentrated,
Noctu magis, quam interdiu 8ine tonitribus fulgurat. Phn.
- Fulgor, the bright splendor ofthe lif?htning, and of sim-
ilar fiashes of light whieh suddenly vamsh, and of emission
ofdazzling light, e. g. armorum; Fulgur, the lightning as
fiery meteor whieh precedes the thunder, and with equal
rapidity darts forth vanishes; Fulgetrum, the light in
the skies whieh lasta longer and is without thunder; aIso the
flash of lightning merelyas fiery phenomenon; Fulgura-
ti o, the same, as act; Fu 1 m e 11" the flash of lightning with
brilliant light and annihilating power: Prospera Juppiter his
dextris fulgoribu8 edito Enn. Stellal 80US fulgore
oUumbrantur. Senee. Gredas et rapidum lEtnalo fulgur
ab ignejaei. Ovid. Si in nube jlatus aut vapor erumpit ar-
dens, fulmina oriuntur; .8 longiore tractu nititur, fu 1-
getra. Plin. Fulg"ratio e8t late ignis explicitus; Ful-
m e n est coaetus ignis et impetu jactus. Senee.
479. FUNDERE, PROFLIGARE, PROSTERNERE;
FUNDUS, PRlEDlUIIf, Rus, VILLA. Fu 11, d e r e, pouring on the
ground: Mercurium e patera visum e88e fun-
de r e, qui quum terram attigisset, refervescere videretur.
Cie., hence scattering, dispersing an army already beaten:
Ex literis hostium exereitum CQl8um fusumque cognovi. Cie.
Legiones, item classeB fUSal fogatalque. Sallo Profli- .
gare, beatingdown to the ground along before one: Aciem
Mstium. Cic. Glassem hostium primo mpetu pro f1 i g a v i.
Creso Commissum ac prof1igatum bellum conjicere. Liv.,
pretty nearly finishing. Sternere,8treunng (German streu-
en, which is of the same root with the Latin) on the ground,
extending, stretching on the ground: Semitam sazo quadrato
straverunt. Liv. Stravit pelticttlis hadinis 1eetulos.
Cie., and forcibly, violently stretehing on the ground, throw-
ing to the ground: Thrbam invadite, ac st.ernite omnia
ferro. Liv., see Torrens, 4l'S6. Prosternere, stretehing
down to the ground, eutting down: Se ail pedes; corporu.
humi. Liv. Communis Mars belli utramque aeiem paN cade
l'rostravit. Id. He who- is l'rojligatus, has been deprived
of the power of reslstance; tbe prostratus, of tha eourago
fideo Cie. Svatentare, tropical, keeping up sometbing
from perishing, preserving, and bearing. enduring: Valetudo
"",tentatur notitia sui corporis et obaervatione, qUll! res
GUt prodea8e aoleant, aut obesse. Ce. Sapientes laborem spe
otii auatentant. Sall. - Fultua, supported, beld up by a
support: Domusfulta columnia. Propert. Ni:1Jua or Ni
.ua, resting on 8Ometbing, leaning: Scavola, confectus aeneo-
tute, hastili ni:1Jua. Cie. Fretus, properly, resting on
something eonfiding in something, relying on (wbioh is tbe
sama trope): HtBC acripsi liberiua, fretua conacientia 01-
ficii mei benevolentitBque. Cie. Miles, ferrg et aaimis fre-
tua. Liv. -
478. FULGERE, SPLENDERE, LUCERE, NITEBE, CORUS.
eARE, RADIARE, MICA RE ; FULGERE, FULGURARE; FULGOR,
FULGUR, FULGETRUM, FULGURATIO, FULMEN. Fulgere,
emitting a brigbt, blinding 1ight, shining in a high degree, e. g.
ebore el auro, purpura: Micantes Julaere gladii. Liv.
Splendere, emitting apure, Ilhining light: Splenden.
Pario marmore purius. Hor. Splendens stella candida.
Plaut. Lucere, giving light, emitting a light whieh makes
things visible: Luna luce lucet aliena. Cie. Nitere,
sbining, of tbe mild shine of apure, smooth, bright, or oil1
surfaea: Nitent unguentis, fulgent purpura. Ce. lEra
nitent usu. Ovid. Coruscare, properly of the quivering
of tbe lightning, flame, rays of light glitterng, eorruscating :
Flammainternubea coruscat. Ce., ofthe lightning henee
it is used of the quivering motion of slender, poi'nted bodies:
Longe coruscat sarraco veniente abies. Juvena!., active:
Hastamque coruacat. Virg.,shakes. Radiare, radiating,
aending forth rays: Radiantis imagine luna!. Virgo i ~
care, ofrays suddenly darting forth and vanishing: Quali6
gemma micat. Virgo Micat ignibus tBther. Id., henee of
similar movements: Aures micantes pavidis eqms. PIn.
- (The reader wilI bave observed, tbat the English language
is peeuliarly destitute of words designating with nieety eitber
the degree, elreet, or movement of light. lndeed, there are
yet many other notions respecting light to be expressed, and
are actually expressed by other languages, for whieh we have
no words in English. For tbe varieties of sound, the English
seems peculiarly rieh. May not the reason be, tllat lght is not
a very prominent ingredient in the English sky, but tbat tllf)
sea-girt isle has tbe greatest variety of sounds daily sounding
up to her shore? Be thu.t as it may, the remark applies lo
479.' Futulere.
the subsequent part oC this section likewise.}-Fulgere,
obsolete, lightning, of the sud den dart of the single flash oC
lightning: Antiqui ad rigniftcandum hanc e nubibus SUbitlB
lucs eruptionem dicebant fulgere. Senee. Fulgurare,
the flashing of Ihe eleetrie fluid in the skies, without a partic. .
ular line in whieh the Iight is eoneentroted, flashing:
Noctu magis, quam interdiu aine tonitribus fulgurat. Plin.
- Fulgor, the bright splendor of the and of sim-
ilar fiashes of light whieh suddenly vamsh, and of emission
of dazzling light, e. g. armorum; Fulgur, the lightning as
fiery meteor whieh precedes tbe thunder, and with equal
rapidity darts forth a4d vapishes; Fulgetrum, the light in
the skies whieh lasta longer and is without' thunder; also the
flash of lightning merelyas fiery phenomenoIl.; Fulgura-
ti o, the same, as aet; Fu 1 m e n, the flash of lightning with
brilliant Iight and annihilating power: Prospera Juppiter his
dextr8 fulgoribus edito Enn. StelllB solls fulgore
obumbrantur. Senee. Gredas et rapidum lEtnlBo fulgur
ah igne jaei. Ovid. Si in nube jlatus aut vapor erumpit ar-
dena, fulmina oriuntur; .si longiore tractu nititur, fuI-
getra. Plin. Fulgttratio est late ignis explicitus; FuI-
men est coactus ign8 et impetu jactus. Senee.
479. FUNDERE, PROFLIGARE, PROSTERNERE;
FUNDUS, PRlEDlUJIf, Rus, VILLA. Fu n d e r e, pouring on tha
ground: Mercurium e patera sangui1lP,m visum esse fun-
d ere, qui quum terram attigisset, refervescere videretur.
Cie., henee seattering, dispersing an army alrendy beaten:
E:c litera hostium exercitum COlsum fusumque cognovi. Cie.
Legio1les, tem classes fUSlB jugatOlque. Sall. Profli- -
gare, beating down to the ground nlong before one: Aeiem
hostium. Cie. Glassem hostiltm primo impetu profligavi.
Creso Gomm8sum ac profligatum bellum corificere. Liv.,
pretty nearly finishing. Ster1lere, streunng (German streu-
en, whieh is of the same root with the Latin) on the ground,
extending, stretehing on the ground: Semitam 8azo quadrato
atraverunt. Liv. Stravit pellicttlis hlBdi1lis lectuWs.
Cie., and forcibly, violently stretehing on the ground, throw-
ing to the ground: Thrbam invadite, ac st,er1lite omnia
ferro. Liv., see Torrenl, Pro,ternere, stretehing
down to the ground, eutting down: Se ail pedes; corpora
humi. Liv. Gommunis Mara belli tttramque aciem pari cOlde
pro,tra"it. Id. He who is prtdligatU8, has been deprived
oC the power of reslstanee; tbe pro,tratU8, of the eourago
480 .FUaw.
and energy. - Fu n d u s, the soH, inasmuch as it is tbe
nnd substratum; and a real estate (as this is ca1led
ID German, likewise, a Grundstiick, a ground.piece; it is
a1so called Iying property, i. e. not movable; and tbe Lati
Fundus leads to the same original meaning, fondere, aee
above): Fundus dieitur ager, quod. plan'/U sit ad rimilitv-
dinem fundi VaBOrum. Festus. Fundum alienum aral,
incultum familiarem deserit. Plaut. Mancipio (undu", ac-
eepi. Cic., a farm with tbe appertaining land; PradiKm, a
farm, which as free propertr (fee simple l of aRoman citizen
(dominium quiritarium), mlght be pledged as bail, mortgage,
&e., for w'bich reason it must lie in ltaly,or at least in a
provine e .whieh had Jus Latii: Patres, si quibus argentua
i1& prasenlia deesset, dandam ex arario pecuniam muttuun,
pradibusque ae pradiis eavendum populo, eensebant. Liv.
Rus, a farm, with regard to its rurality, i. e. contradistinction
to tbe residence in town, with its privation of pure air, rural
scenery, &c.; see 50. Vi II a, a c)untry seat, with the pre-
dominating idea of the edifiee, villa: .Aeeepit agrum tempori-
bus iis, quum jaeerent p1'etia pradiorum: qui ager
villam habuit, nequeJuit cultus. Cie. Fundi appellatione
omne adijieium et omnB ager continetur: sed inusu urbana
adijieia, ades; rustica, v Hl a dicuntur. Digg.
480. FUNUS, EXSEqUllE, POMPA, SEPULTUlIA, HUMATIO,
JUSTA; FUNEBnIS, FUNEREUS, FUNESTUS, FElIALIS; FEllA-
LIA, INFERllE. Funus (Gothie Fun, for fire, which is the
root of the German Funke, spark), funeral, inasmueh as the
body was burnt; see 155. Huie vivo funus ducitur. Cie.
Exsequia, se. res, the funeral procession, with every tbing
belonging to it; properly, the funeral suit (the follovnng):
Mater exsequias illius funeds prosecuta. Cic. Pom-
pa, is the same, yet with tha idea of solemnity and pomp;
pompous or magnifieent funeral: Publici funeds pompa.
Tae. Spoliatum cadaver imaginibus, exsequiis .. pompa,
laudatione, canibus dilaniandum reliquisti. Cie. Se pul t u-
ra, the mode in whieh adead body is brought lInder grollnd,
tbe peculiar manner of burying, the burial: AntiquBsimo
u pul t u r a ge'llere redditur terra corpus, et ita locatum ae
situm operimento matris obducitur. Cie. Humatio, inter-
ment, as action; J u s t a, the last marks of hono r or reverenee,
prescribed by law or eustom, whieh we feel bound to pay to
a departed person: Non.dUfll, omnia paterno funed juta
fol"it. Cie. - F"."bris, that is becoming for a
481. Fungi. 482. -Pur. 225
corpse, relating to it: laudatio, epulum, t1estimenti genus. Cie.
Funereus, peculiar to a eorpse, belonging to it: Ter omen
funereulI bbo letali carmine fecit. Ovid. Pyram fronde
coronatfunerea. Virg., with eypresses. Fune8-tus, moum-
fuI: Familia funesta fratris morte. Liv. FunestulI diu
Alliensis. Cie. Fe r a 1 i 8, agreeing with a funeral: Tu 14-
lRen exstincto feralia munera ferro. Ovid., hence, - Fe-
ralia 8C. sacra, the annual feast of the dead: Hanc quia
justa ferunt, diz:ere Feralia lucem. Ovid. Inferi,.,
sacrifices whieh brought 00 tIJe feralia, 00 the seventeenth
or twenty-first of February, 00 the tombs of the departed:
Inferiall e:rstincto mittere Phoco. Ovid;
481. FVNGI, -DE - PERFUNGI, ADMINISTRARE, OBIRE.
Fungi, getting through with sometbing, finishing it; pef-
forming an office, business, with pleasure and satisfaetion on
account of sueeess: FunctulI erat dapibus. Ovid. Consu-
lentibus re8ponde1l8 sen/lctutis non inertis grato atque honesto
fungebar munere. Cie. Defungi, getting through with
something entirely, getting off, especially off from something
onerous,e. g. honorbus, cura, labore, pam.a: Ma:rimo S6
a.ffectum beneficio putavit, quum tribus decumis pro una de-
fungeretur. Cie. Perfungi, getting through u. thing
entirely, passing through a sufferance, at lu.st having it be-
hind one's self, serving through a diffieulty, as it were, sur-
mounting: Ei8 favemu8, qui eadem pericula, quibus n08
perfuncti 8umus, ingrediuntur. ,Cie. Admini8trare,
making the minister, i. e. the servaot in some affair or busi-
ness, direeting, administering it byone's serviees, attention,
handling a business, e. g. bellum, navem: .A dmini8trat
sd rem divinam tibio Plaut. Postulat, rem publicam 8U8ci-
piant atque una 8ecum admini8trent. Creso Toti officio
martimo M. Bibulus prapositua cuneta administrabat.
Id. Obire, tending, keeping, attending, e. g. lIaera, bellum,
negotium, rell sua8: Re:x: certamini non adfoit, quum impera-
tor Romanus omnia militara munera ipse impigre obiret.
Liv.
482. FUR, LATRO, PREDO, PIRATA 1 FUBARI, RAPERE,
DIRIPERE. Fur (ferre, carrying off), a thief, he who car-
ries off the property of others secretly and with bad intent of
appropriation: XII. tabulOJ nocturnum Jurem int(!lf"fiei im-
pune voluerunt. Cie. Latro (Gallie Ladrau, robber), high-
way robber, he who publicly and forcibly, and armed, attaeks
othel'B aIld takes pr()perty frolD them: Subito "tro"u ea
-
226 483. FuM. 485. Garrulus.
insidiis advolant, interquB eadem diripiunt nummo,. Phmdr.
Prado, 334, a robber, he who goes out and roba, 00 land
or water: Maritimo8 pradone, eonseetando mare ,..,.,.
reddidit. Nep. Pirata, one who ranges (71Elqllll) tbe ..
with the view of robbing, a pirate, eorsair: BeUi more,BOa
latrociniorum, orbem classibus pirata terrebant. Vellei.-
Fvrari, stealing: Solet hac, qua rapuit et furat
est, nonnunquam dicere,8e emis,e. Cie. Rapere, robbing,
hastily and forcibly: Vivebat latronum rtu, ut tantum Aabe-
ret, quantum rapere potuisset. Cic.Diripere, 131, plun.
dering: Expilare 8ocios, diripere provinciru. Ce. MitA-.
rdates ex tota Asia di r e p t 41 -in suum regnum conges-
8erat. Id.
483. FURIE, DIRE, EUMENIDES. .The furies, furious
spirits of torment, were called Furi a, as avengers of evil
deeds, by causing disquiet within the malefactor; they are
the personified bad conscienee; they are called Dira, 122',
as bringing woe, the terrifie; Eumen.itlu, the gracioua,
poetic, when, from reverential fear, their true name was DOt
pronouneed: .fvriCB dea aunt speculatricu et vndices fa..
ciftOrUm et ,eelerum. Cic. Ultrice8que Bedent in limifle Di-
rOl. Virgo
G.
484. GANEO, NEPOS, ASOTUS. Ganeo (ganeum, a eook'a
abop, where people satisfied their palate and gave themselves .
up to voluptuousness), the glutton, the dissipated fellow, who
is always to be found where there is dissipation, where pea-
pIe administer to their sensual appetites, in whatever way that
may be: Ganeones nostri, quibus modulus est vita culina.
Varr. Nepos, properly, nephew, grandchild; a rake, spend-
thrift: Perditus ae profusus nepos, qui non adesa jam, 8ed
abundanti pecunia sic dissolutus foit. Cic. A s o t us, an in
satiate and insatiable voluptuary: Si finitas cupiditates Aabe-
rent luzuosi non essent asoti. Cie. (From the Greek
of a - uo'OJ, not to be saved.) -
485. GARRULUS, LOQUAX. Garrulu8 (garrire) , ehat
teriog, making a noise like a rivulet, of no great rapidity, ir
slightly but repeatedly beating against racks; it is the opeo
lOuod,ll9t the subdued 006 by murmuriog; thetJ
486. Gaudere. 488. Genittl.
in garrulus, chattering, the Scottish clabbering, the German
p14ppern, and similar words of 80 many other languages, in-
dicates the open 80und ; . hence, making much noise of this or
sorne similar sort, e. g. hirundo, rivus; talkative, garrulous, a
taIker, a chatter-box: Percontatorem fogito; nam ga,.r.
lus est. Hor. Loqua:t:, loving or ready to speak, al80
talkative: &nectus est natura loquacior. Cic. The Gar-
rulus chatters away without thought or sense; the Lo quaz
finds always sorne subject or other to talk upon.
486. GAUDERE, LlETARI; HILARIS, L.a;;TUS. Gaudere,
rejoicing at, indicates the emotion whieh is eaused by too
delight at a real or imagined good; Latari, being glad,
rejoieing, indieates the slate when joy affects us; it is the
eonsequenee of joy within: Quum privamur dolore, ipsa libe-
ratione molestia gaudemus: omne autem id, quo gaude-
mus, voluptas e8t. Cie. Lataris tu in omnium gemitu, et
triumphas. Id. - Hilaris, obsolete Hilarus (the same
root wilh the German hell, i. e. bright, shining, serene), glad,
gladly disposed, happy, if this ndicates our feeling: Hilad
animo esse el prompto ad jocandum. Cie. La t u s, glad, in a
bigher degree, merry, froliesome, used of the effeets of joy,
whieh show themselves in exeiting our spirits, and the exter-
nal manifestation of this effeet, happy, as used in this sense:
Latus sum laudari me a laudato viro. Cie. Videbant
Catilinam alacrem atque latum. Id.
487. GENERALIS, UNIVERSALIS. Generalis, general,
with referenee to the kind (genua); genera lis, therefore, is
that whieh is c.onstituted like aH the speeies of Ibe same
genus; U n.i ver s a li s, eommon, referring to a whole, 80
eonstituted, or of sueh a eharaeter, as all individuals which
belong to a whole (universum) must be, are: Generale
quoddam decorum intelligimus, quod in omni hone.tate versa-
tur. Cie. In constitutionibus principum nihil inveniebam aut
proprium, aut universale, quod ad Bithynos jerretur.
Plin.
488. GENIUS, LARES, PENATES; GENIALIS, GENITALIS,
GENITIVUS. Genius, the protecting or directing, nfluenc-
ing spirit whieb presides over human nture, and watches
over the procreation, birth, and life of a human being, and
even after death continues to Bet prolectingly in the Lar;
bence the constant endeavour lo keep him weH-disposed, and
to reeoncile him in misfortune whieh had befallen the indi-
vidual: &it Geniu8, natale comes qui temperat astrum, .
489. Gtn6.
natura deus humana. Hor,' &mm genium. defrtl1ldtlrl.
Ter., not to allow one's self any comfort, denying one'a eelI'
the necessary things. Lares, house and family gods of the
Romans, whose liule images stood upon tbe hearth, sacred to
them, and under which the families paid honor to their de
parted forefathers. There were likewise public Laru, as
patrons of cities, streets, and peasants: Ego Lar sum Fa
miliariS, ex hac familia, unde exeuntem me adspe:cistis. hanc
domum jam multos annos est quum possideo. Plaut. Pq.nJo
sub lare pauperum Ctllntll. Hor., the house itself. Penatu
(compare Penes, 22.), prvate deities, of which every family
ohose for patrons, while the Lares were only worshipped
men; they were also worshipped as publici in the Atrium or
Impluvium (Jupiter, Juno, Minerva, Vesta), on 'the Capitolio
um, and from them were expected blessing, nourishment,
prosperity: Dii patrii ac penates, qui huic urbi (ltque huic
imperio prasidetis. Cic. Exterminabit cives Romanos edicto
consul a suis penatibus'l Id., out of their 11Ouses.- Ge
nialis, constituted agreeably orcnformab1y to the Genius,
as the giver of joy and all comfort, 'festival-like, e. g. lectus,
the marriage bed: Invitat genia lis hiems, curasque resol-.
vit. Virg., the time when the farmer rests and enjoys comfort.
Genitalis, that which hasthe capacity of procreation or
generation: Quatuor gen ita 1 i a corpora mundus continet.
Ovid. Elements. Dies genitalis. Tac., birthday, inas-
much as from its constellation the astrologer or reader, of
nativity divines the future fate of an individual; natalis,
birthday, inasmuch as it is the dayon which he was born.
Genitivus, that which has remained ever since the birth,
that which we brought with us into the world: Augustus coro
pore traditur maCflloso, dispersis per pectus atque alvfl'1&
genitivis notis. Suet., moles. (Innate, when applied to
inborn ideas, must be given by innatus; genitivus is only
that which we have from our generation, the procreation of
the indi vid ua\. )
489. GENS, FAMILIA, GENUS, STIRPS, PROSAPIA; GE
NUS, NATIO, POPULUS; GENTILIS, GENTILICIUS, GENTICUS.
Gens, a clan or race, as a multitude of persons who are able
to prove their deseent, thFOUgh all possible degrees of consan
guinity, to the same progenitor (genitor); Familia, 372,
that branch of the gens who belong, as nearest kinsmen (re-
'Iations by consanguinity), to a descendant of such a genitor,
in. direct line. Those who belonged to one gens had the
489. Gens.
common name of the genitor (nomen); those that belong lo
the same familia, ha ve in addition the name of the family
father (cognomen). Thus the Gens Comelia, descending
from one Cornelius, branched out in the families, Cornelii
Scipiones, Cornelii Dolabella, Cornelii Cr.thegi, Cornelii
Sulla, Cornelii Cinna, etc. E:r: gente Dotnitia dua fa-
mil i te claruerunt, Cal"inorum et lEnobarborum. Suet. G e-
nus, the race or kind, genus, with reference to the common
qualities or distinctions which all individuals of the same pro-
creator have, .e. g. genus humanum, genus acre leonum:
Non idem mili licet, quod iis, qui nobili genere nati 81mt.
Ce. Stirps, trunk, chief part of a plant, and of a whole
race or people, i. e. the two first progenitors, from which, as
from a trunk, all descendants, like branches, went forth; and
these descendants themselves, inasmuch as they form one
whole: Atticus Juniam familiam a stirpe ad hanc ata-
tem enumeravit. Nep. Horatius orabat, ne se, quem paulo
ante cum egregia stirpe conspe:r:issent,orbum liberis face-
rento Liv., with his stock or race. Prosapia, properly, the
distant relationship; an ancient, extensive clan, masmuch as
an individual descends from it: Homo veteris prosapia ac
multarum imaginum. Sallo - A whole people is called Gen.,
as race descending from the same founder, parent: &gni
Condrusique e:r: gen t e et numero Germanorum. Creso Sue-
vorum gen s est longe ma:r:i1na et bellicosissima GermaflOf'Um
omnium.ld. Genus, as a genus of people, a species of
nations, distinguished by characteristics common to al1 mem-
bers, from other nations: Nostrorum virtuti consilia Gallo-
rum occurrebant, ut est summa gen u s sollertia atque ad
omnia imitanda et qua ab quoque traduntur, aptis-
Bmum. Creso N a t i o, a people, with regard to their birth in
a common country, and the character which results
from this fact: Suevorum non una, 'I.t Chattorum Tenctero-
ru7llve, gens. majorem enim Germania partem obtinent, pro-
priis adhuc na t ion i b u s nominibusque discreti, qua1Tlquam
in commune Suevi vocantur. Insigne gentis, obliquare
crinem nodoque substringere. Tac. N a t i o est omnium Gal-
lorum admodum dedita religionibus. Creso (Hence does
natio signify a set of people who agree in character, as con-
sequence of the same profession, elldeavour, &c., e. g. natio
candidatorum.) Populus, a people, as slate,or inasmuch
as it is a society of free citizens, kept together by the com-
mon band of government: Populus est cretus multitudinis,
20
490. Gestire. 492. Gladius.
juris consensu et utilitatis communione consociatus. Cie.
Na t ion e s fera el po pul i ingentes vi subacti. Sallo Scipio
llergetum gentem quum infesto exercitu invasisset, Athana-
giam urbem, qua caput ejus populi erat, circumsedit. Liv.,
gentem, as a people of a common deseent, which, however,
as political body, populus, had their capital.-Gentili.,
one of the same race or slock, gens; akin by gens: Pie-
recydes Syrius fuit meo regnante gen t i 1 i. Cic. The gen-
tilis of Tullius Cicero was Tullius Hostilius. Gentili ciM.,
peculiar or cnmmon to gentiles: Gentilicia sacra. Liv.,
family sacrifices. Genticus, common or peculiar to a t r i ~
people, as of common deseent (gens), national: Servitia,
quibus mare gentico continuum ferri tegimen. Tac.
490 .. GESTIRE, EXSILIRE, EXSULTARE. Gestire, 301,
giving to understand, manifesting by position, bearing, and
movement (gestus), of th body one's emotioI;ls, especially
joy, desire: Licet ora ipsa cernere e.orom, qui volupta1.8
nimia gestiunt: quorum vultus, voces, motus statusque mu-
tantur. Cic. Gestit animus aliquid agere in re publica.
Id. Exsilire, leaping out of, up, leaping for joy: Liten.
perlectis, exsiluigaudio. Cic. Exsultare, jump., re-
peatedlyandwildly,ofdelight: Vacca exsultat in herbiB.
Ovid. Alacns ex s u 1 t a t improbitas in victoria. Cie., ex-
ulting.
491. GIGNERE, GENERARE, PARERE, PROCREARE. Gig-
nere (from geno: Principium genendi. Varr.), producing
something out of itself, begetting: Piaces ova quum genue-
runt, relinquunt. Cic. Artis proprium est creare el gig-
nere. Id. Generare, producing something begotten, pro-
ducing, generating; it designates the effect of gignere:
Placet Stoicis, qum in terra gignantur, ad usum lwminum
omnia creari, homines aute.m hominttm causa esse gen e r a-
t o s, ut ipsi inter se alia alii prodesse possent. Cic. P a,. e-
re, giving birth, bringing forth: Vt ea liberos ex sese pare-
ret, quos quum videret, lmiaretur. Cie. Gallina peperit
OVUTII. Id. Oui laurus lwnores peperit. Hor. Procreare
(see 286.), producing somelhing, giving it existence and pre-
senting it as something produced, something having come
forth, without reference to begetting: Hac terra, qUOJ ,.
procreavit, est patria tua. Cc.
492. GLADlUS, ENSIS, ACINACES, SICA, PUGIO. Gla-
di"s, the sword for cut and thrust; Ensis, the longar
8WOrd, more adapted for the blow or cut, hence with hel'ee8
493. Gradus. 494. Gramen.
231
and gigantic people: Graviter g 1 a dio capul percussit. Hirt.
Strict g 1 a dio transfigit puellam. Liv. Hectoreo perculs/U
concidil e n s e. Cic. A c i n ci c e s, the crooked Persian sabre ;
Sica (secare), a short cutlass used by banditti; Pugio
(pungere), a stiletto, dirk: Tibi extorta est sica de man
bus. Cic. CCESare interfecto statim cruentum alte extollit
Brutus pugionem. Id.
493. GRADUS, GRES SUS, PASSUS, INcEssus; GRADATIM,
PEDETENTIM, SENSIM, PAULATIM. Gradus, the step whicb
a walker makes: Gradum accelerare; Aciem pleno gradu
in hostem inducere. Liv., quicker than in the grad"s mili
taris and gradus modic,us. Stabili gradu impetum ho,.
tium excipere. Id., in a position stepping forward; hence the
step of a staircase, of a ladder, and the measure of the steps
of a person walking to and fro: Elatum e curia in inferiorem
partem per gradus dejicit. Liv .. Honorum gradus sumo
mis hominibus et infimis sunt pares. Cic. Gressu8, Supinal
form, the stepping, the making steps: Veniebat grusu
languido. Phredr. P a s ; u 8, the step, the extension of tbe
legs from one another in walking, and, as measure, five Ro-
man feet (pedes): Sequiturque patrem non p a s s i b u s aquis.
Virgo Ut ab urbe abesset millia passuum ducenta. Cic.
Incessus, the walk, as peculiar manner of walking: Tenero
el molli ingressu suspe.ndimus gradum: non ambulamus,
sed incedimus. Senec. - Gradatim, step by step, and
gradually, signifies slowly one thing or act after the other, in
measured points of rest or stops: Gradatim adscendere
vocem utile et suave esto Cie. Pedetentim, foot after foot,
step by step, slowly, gradually, and eautiously: Viam pede.
tentim tent4bam. Cato. Nihil condone tua sapientius: ita
pedetentim el gradatim tum aCCeBSUS a te ad causam
facti, tttm recessus. Cic. Sens im, gradually, imperceptibly;
of a eontinuous yet hardly perceptible following upon one
another: S e n s i m sine sensu atas senescit. Cie. Nilus in
cipit crescere sensim mod'iceque. Plin. Paulatim, grado
ually, slowly, a continuous following upon one another, yet
80 that eaeh time the state or position of the thing changes
but very Httle: Pa1[atim adnabam terra. Virgo '
494. GRAMEN, HERBA, F<ENUM. Gramen, grass in
general, as fresh, green, and growing, with narrow leaves and
blades,on which each blossom brings but one grain; Herba,
herb, the sprouts of the grass or any other plant which come
directIy out of the ground, before it has a blade, stalk,
495. Gratus. 496: GraviB.
etem, or trunk: Jacere in tenaci gramine. Hor. Injrum
virescunt gramina. Virgo Fetialis ex arcegraminia
herbam puram attulit. Liv. Ut sulcis jrumenti qucererel
/erbam. Virgo Frenum, hay, mown and dried grass:
Frenum siecatum in metas exstrere. Colum.
495. GRATUS, ME MOR j GRATES S. GRATIAS AGERE, GRA-
TIA M HABERE, REFERRE, REDDERE, FACERE. Gratus, 377,
gmteful, thankful, oue who manifests his gmtitude j Memor,
he who remembers a beuefaetion, who does not forget kind
aets: Bene de me meritis gratum me praJbeo. Cie. Socios
Bithynire, si iis commodaris, memores esse et gratos cog-
nosces. Id.- Grates, poetieal, and Gratias agere, ex-
pressing thanks; omlly or by writing: Mihi senatus singula-
ribus verbiB gratias egit. Cie. Gratiam habere,
having gmteful feelings, fueling one's selfobliged, being con-
scious of kindness bestowed upon one's self, and feeling
grateful eonsequently j rejerre, returning a kind aet, prov-
ing one's gmtitude: [nops eiiam si rejerre gratiam non
potest, habere crte potest. Cie., also, Maximas tibi, Pan-
sa, gratias omnes et habere et agere debemus. Id.
Gratiam reddere, returning an aet of kindness with an
equivalent or similar one, paying off one's debt of gmtitude:
Quoad vives, nunquam red d ita m gratiam pu!averiB. Sall.,
requiting entirely, perfeetly. Gratiam jacere, giving up
somethin
p
' c1aim, &e., from kindness: Omnium tibi, qua:
impie ne.rarieque es ausus, gratiam jacio. Liv.
496. GRAVIS, ONEROSUS j GRAVARE, GRAVARI j GRAvr-
DUS, FETUS, PREGNANS. Gravis, heavy by its weight,
a1so, oppressive, diffieult to he borne: Aureum amiculum
Jovis Olympii gran di pondere aJatate g r a ve esse. Cie.
Graves /oslilibus spoliis naves. Liv., heavily laden. Gra-
ve omne insuetis onus. Phredr. Verebar, ne mi/i gravis
esses. Cie. Onerosus, onerous, if somelhing is a heavy
load for us, e. g. praJda: Onerosa gravisque esse po test
imbellibus /asta lacertis. Ovid. - Gravare, making heavy,
adding weight: Poma gravantia ramos. Ovid. Muli
gravati sarcinis. Phredr. Gravad, going wilh diffieulty
to a task, shunning: Non gravabor de amicitia disputare.
Cic.- Gravidas, fullar something, and thus being heavy,
pregnant, e. g. arista, pecus: Qui manus attulit stmles intro,
gravidas joras exportat. Plaut. Fetus, that whieh is
provided with genemtive power, capaeity 'of proereatioD;
that which can produce a frul, has produced it, or is produc-
497. Gubernaculum. 500. Gutta. 233
ing tl, e. g. prgnant with it: -Ubi visceribus gra"irl4
tel/ltris imago ejfecla est lwminis, feto consrgit in ano.
Ovid., enrabIe of produeing, feeund. Prl!gnans (pra-
gigllere), in the last stnges ofpregnaney, near delivery.
497. GUIlERNACULUM, CLAVUS. Gubernaettlum, the
ruddcr; el allttS, properly, a nai!, plug; the helm of the
ruddcr, und the rudder itself with the helm: Naufragus arl
gubernaculum aecessit et navi est opitttlatus. Cie. Gu-
berllalor elat'lulI tenens sedet in puppi. Id. Clavum im-
perii lene7'e el gubernacula rei public(E traet.are. Id.
498. GURGES, VORAGO, BARATBRUM. Gurges, eddy:
Rllelli ossa, gttrgitiblts redundans. Cie. Vorago, a-
depth, a vcry deep abyss, whieh devours every tbing whieh
falls into it, i, e. every thing- thut falls into wbicb perishes;
applied to water, it mcuns a vortex, an extensive eddy, which
draws things in, whirling them to the centre, and thenee lo
the ground: POr/1m ml'tlittm speeu vasto collapsuTn in immen-
sam altitlldinem dielur, neque eam voraginem conjectu
terree eX'pleri potllisse. Liv. Dionysius quum equum demiBis-
set in jllllllen, Sltbmersus equus voraginib1ls non euUtit.
Cie. Gttrges ac vorago patrimonii. Id. Gf!.rges, re-
speeting the quantity whieh the spendthrift makes pass
tbrough his gullet; Vorago, an insatiab!e- vortex. Bara-
tllrum, a bottomless nbyss, respeeting the enormous depth:
Imo bar a t / r i gurgite vastos sorbet in abruptum ftuctus.
Virgo
499. GUSTUS, GUSTATUS,- SAPOR. Gustus, the taste, tbe
sensation on the tongue in tnsting something: Dominus ipse
pa1lis b01lilatem gust'J s-uo exploret. Co!um. Gustatu"
the taste or tasting, as effeet of the lasted thing upon the
nerves of taste and the sense of taste, the faeulty of taste:
Pomorumjucundusnon gustatus solum,sed odoratus etiam.
Cie. Gustatus sentire eorum, quibus vescimur, genera
debel. Id. Sapor, taste of a thing, tha! quality of produeing,
by eontaet with the nerves of toste, an eBeet peeuliarly per-
ceived by them: Mel suo proprio genere ,aporia dulce
esse sentilur. Cie.
500. GUTTA, STILLA, STIRIA. Gutta, the drop in a
globular form: Numerum in cadentibus guttis, quod inter-
vallis distinguuntur, notare posSlimus. Gutta cavat Zapi-
dem non vi, sed sape cadendo. Ovid. Stilla, the drop
falling down, and whieh in so doing beeomes extended,
oval, or long: Interit magnitudine maria lEgfE a t i.ll.
20
234 50 1. Habena. 503. Habitus.
murie!. Cic. Stiria, tbe pending, also tbe frozen drop:
7Uryis ab int,iso pendebat stiria naso. Mamal. Stiria-
que induruit horrida barbU. V i ~ g
H.
501. HABENA, LORUM, CORRIGIA, AMENTUM. Hallena,
472, tbe thong for holding (habere) or pulling, of a sling,
sboes: Equus liber habenis. Virgo Fundam Mezentiua
adducta cirenm caput egit habena. Id. Lorum, a thoog
to tie or bind, to bold something together or fast, also for the
rein: Lods cadere, equos ducere. Id. Corrigia, a thin
tbong for tying, pulling together, a slring: Peds o.lfensio d
abruptio corrigia. Cie. Amentum, a thong in the mid-
dIe of the spear, for throwing, to give it more force by a
8wing: lmerit a m e n t o digitos et tornt jaenlum. Ovid.
502. HABERE, POSSlDERE, TENERE, ESSE ALICUI; HABI-
LIS, CAPAX. Habere, having, of every S()I't of property;
Possidere, possessing, inasmueh as \Ve alone have the
tbing, may freely use jt, and freely dispose of jt; Tenere,
holding, in Ihe hands, or by way of possessing, inasmueh as
we maintain our possession of a thing, are aetually holding
it; Mihi est, I have, when merely the existen ce of a pos-
session for me is meant: Domus tibi deerat 1 At ha b e b a s.
, Cie., as proprietor. lste tum, quum omnia tenebat, non est
't.fUSU8 meam domum possidere. Id., as sole owner, master;
tenebat, he who would not allow himselfto bedispossessed.
Danao quinquaginta fuerunt filie!. Cie., they were there
tor hjm, extan!; habuit filias, they belonged to him.-
, Habilis, 14, that whieh is easily held, whieh allows itself
easily to be treated; eomfortable, beeause it fits well: Calcm
habiles et apti ad pedem. Cie. , Capalll, eapaeious, spa.
cious, that whieh can eontain, hold mueh, e. g. domus: Puer
animi ad pracepta capacis. Ovid.
503. HABITUS, VESTITUS, AMleTus. Habitus, the pe.
culiar manner of dress, aecording to 8ubstanee and form,
dress, e. g. scenicus, triumphalis; Vestitus, the dress itself,
inasmueh as it eovers the body, garment; Amictus, tba
outer rlress, whieb strikes the eye, garb, ornamenting or em-'
bellishing dress: Ves ti t ti calceatuque ee cetero ha bit" ..
504. Harere. 507. Heu. 23
virili quidem usus esto Suet. .Appuleius specie et motu atque
ipso amicl1 capiebal homines. Cie.
504. HERERE, PENDERE. Hrere, hanging to some-
tbinZ' adhering, not to be able to separate from it: H mret
os Jauce; senex in equo; laxus in pede calceus. Hor. Pen-
dere, hanging in a-pending position, pending, hanging down:
Pendenl poma in arbore. Virgo
505. HAURIRE, SORBERE. Haurire, taking part of a
larger mass up and out: .Aqua e puteo hausta. Cie. Mul-
tos hausilflamma, gurges. Liv., devouring in mass. - Sor-
bere, drawing in a Iiquid, not in large draughts, but witb
half-elosed lips, gradually, and with pleasure. I believe the
only word whieh comes near it is sucking; it is between
sipping and drawing (in German schlrfl'n): .Animalia, qu-
bus continui dentes, sorbent, ut equi, boves. Plin. Medieus
obiit, d-um mulsi potionem h a u r i t; alius, quum mulsum bi-
bisset ovumque s o r b e r e t. Id.
506. HEREDlTAS, PATRIMONIUM, PECULIUM; HEREDlTATEM
CERNERE, ADlRE. Hereditas (heres, heir; originally, the
aequirer of a piece of earth; in German, the former Erbe,
the latter Erde), inheritanee in general: Hereditas est
pecunia, qum morte alicujus ad quempiam peroenit jure. Cie.
Patrimonium, patrimony, the property whieh -the freebom
Roman father left to his ehildren as lawful property: Optima
hereditas a palr-ibus traditur liberis, omnique patrimo-
nio prmslanlior, gloria virtntis rerumque gestarum. Id.
Peculium (pecus), the peculiar small property which one
has saved, especially a son as soldier (castrense), by other
oceupations or pursuits (quasi castrense), by paternal grants
or allowances (profecticium), by inheritance on Ihe maternal
side (adventicium), or what a slave _saves with the permission
of the master: &rvi cupiditate peculii nullam conditionem
recusant durissimm servitutis. Cie.-Hereditatem cer-
nere, viewing the inheritance, examining it, meant, if the
heir by testament (neither son nor slave of the testator), de-
clared solemnly, only after a period of five days, that he was
willing to become heir; adire, when he solemnly took pos-
session of tbe inheritance: Pridie Nonas Februarias crevi
hereditatem. Cic. .Archias adiit hereditates civium
Romanorum. Id.
507. HEu, HEUS. Heu, alas 1 ah 1 is the exelamation
of pain; He"s, hah 1 listen I if some one's attention is
called to listen: He" me mBer-um! Ter. ..4. Heus Getal
008. H'taf'e. 509. Bie.
- G. Hem tibi I Id. He tU I ubi estl '1 utU 1toc aperit
",tium'l Plaut., holla I
508. HURE, HISCERE, 'DEBISCERE, FATISCERE; HIATUS,
RICTUS. Hiare, yawning, opening wide tbe mouth: Hi.
Dit humus multa "asta et profunda. Sall., also opening the
rnouth wide from surprise or greediness: Emtorem inducere
hiantem. Hor. Hi,cere and Dehleere, designates too
beginning of this action, opening itself, yawning, as we use
tofan abyss: Respo1l.debisne ad hac'J aut omnino hi,eere
"audebis'l Cic., opening the mouth. In dehiseente. in-
tef'f1allis hostium aciem emisit. Liv. FiUi,eere
(fatis, 10.), properly, bursting of too much;
getting crevices from dryness, &c.: Na"e8 rimis fati,-
.cunt. Virgo ,
509. HIC, ILLE, Is, ISTE; HIC, ILLIC, IBI, INIBI, IBIDEM,
ISTIC; By H i e, this, the speaker points at an object; by
Hie, here, at a condtion near, localIy and in rnind; by IZ-
le,lhat, and Illie, there, he points at the opposite, more
remote object; hence Hie is used, also, for present, and tbat
whch is al present; III e, famous, renowned by the traditioo,
report, &c., which tells of remote things, speaking of sorne-
thing which everybody knows, and hence may be pointed at
at once: Th si hie sis, aliter eenseas. Ter., this one here,
i. e. on the spot where he slands, pointing at himself. Negli-
genter seribimus adversaria; diligenter eonficimus tabulas.
Ha e delentur statim; i II a servantur sanete. Ce. 1 s, he,
tbat one, tbe one, points, for the benefit of the addressed per-
son, at an object on1y as known, already mentioned; lste,
tbat OIe tbere, as one lo wbom he ought to direet now his
particular attenlion : Fuit olim hine quidam mereator; navem
is fregit apud Andrum insulam: is obiit mortem. Ter. At
i s t o s rastros tamen interea adpone, ne labora. Id. Si ami-
ciliam adfruetwm nostrum reJeremus, non crt ista amicitia,
sed mereatura quadam "'Utilitatum suarum. Cic. H i e segetes,
illie veniunt felicius uva, arborei fetus alib. Virgo lbi
(is, in the aneient dative form), there, even tbere, at the spot:
Demaratus fugit Tarquinios Corintho, et i b i fortunas StUl8
eonstituit. Cie. Inibi, in the place, in the thing itself, ex-
pressing in a stronger way its existenee: Hannibalem Capua
eorrupit, "et superbia nata in i b i Ilsse hae videtur. Cie., even
there. lb i d e m, at the same spot: Si Thessaloniea ent
causa, aut ibdem opperiar, cut me ad te .eonferam. Cie.
l s ti e, there, at that place, where the addressed person is:
510. H ~ r t U 8 513. Horreum. 237
Ibi malis esse, ubi aliquo numero Bis, quam istic, um soz",.
sapere videare. Cie.
510. HIRTUS, HIRSUTUS, HISI'IDUS, PILOSUS, VILLOSUB,
SETOSUS. Hirtus, properly applies to hair standing up;
that whieh is rough to the toueh: Barba viros hirtaque
tlecent in corpore seta. Ovid. _ Hirstus, provided with
stiff hair, brises, prieks: Bestia spinis hirsuta. Cie., and
of the ha ir itself, if singly the hairs stand upward: Coma
hirsuta et intoMa su.nt. Curto Hispidus, VII, rough, of
stiff hair standing close together, e. g. sus: Tiberini frona
hispida manat imbrihus. Claudian. In the words Pilo-
sus, ful\ of hair, Villosus, shaggy, Setosus, full of bris-
tIes, the species of eovering hair is more particularly indi-
cated: Pilosa gena; Pellis villosi leonis; Setosa
.frons. -
511. HOJuo, VIR. Homo, man, as the nobler, rational
creature, in eontradistinetion to the brute; Vir, man, inas-
much as he is dislinguished by peculiar qualities from other
men (mares, 260.) by strength, courage, intrepidity, merits,
honorable offiees: Marius tu.lit dolorem ut v ir; et, ut ,omo,
majorem ferre si-/le ca,,,a necessaria noluit. Cic.
512. HONOS, HONORES, MUNUS; HONESTARE, HONORARE.
Honos (Honor only from the third century; originally
spite, German Hohn, Gell. 12. 9.), honor, mark of honor, by
whieh we munifest our esteem and approbation to a person
on aeeount of his worth or merit: Honos est pramium vir-
tutis, judicio studioque civium delatum ad aliquem. Cie.;
henee, a public office, conneeted with honor and authority,
generally in the plural. Honores, plaees of honor, whieh,
in Rome, were without flalary: Hic ipse honos, delatus ad
me, tesris ese innocentia mea. Liv. Munus, 373, an offiee,
inasmueh as it is eonneeted with burden and expense, without
referenee to dignity: Non surdus judex huic muneri atque
officio pra('st. Cie. - Honestare, making honorable, giv-
ipg honor and authority; Honorare, honoring, showing
honor to: Domino domus honestanda esto Cie. Am-
phiaraum sic' h o n o r a vi' fama Gracia, ut deus habere-
tur. Id.
513. HORREUM, GRANARIUM, CUMERA. Horreum, the
b.rn; every storehouse, magazine, but espeeially of grain:
JiUus immensa ruperunt Io'l"rea messes. Virgo Deripere
horreo amphoram. Hor. Granarium, granary, larger
building for the preservatioD of considerable quautities of
514. Hortari. 516. Hospe8.
grain: Trilicum condi oportet in granaria mblimia. Varr.
Cumera, a large basket or earthen vessel for tbe preserva-
tion of grain witb farmers: Cur too plus laudes cumeris
granaria nostra 1 Hor.
514. HORTARI, MONERE, ADMONERE, SUADERE. Hor-
tari (horiri, excite, belongs to oriri), encouraging, stirring,
by representations and impressive words: Ad artem impellere'
atque h o r t a ri. Cic. M o n e r e, admonisb to think of sorne-
thing, remindiug, warning: Pluribus te h o r t a ri non debeo:
tantum m o n e o, magis idoneum te'1llpus, si hoc amiseris, te
esse nullum unquam reperturum. Cic. A d m o f e r e, r ~
minding on occasion, also urgently: Leo content asinum
Irutice el admonuit simul, ut inmeta voce terreret feraa.
Phredr. Suadere,.advising, in pointing out the reasons and
with the intention of persuading to do something: An 7re-
bonio persuasi 1 cui ne suadere quidem auSUB essem.
Ce. Monere, expresses an action which influences too
intellect; Hortari, the volition; Suadere, conviction.
515. HORTUS, HORTl, PODIARIUM, VIRIDARIUM, VlJlETUJ(.
Hortus, a kitchen, fruit, flower garden, as a place fenced
in; Horti, in plural, a large pleasure garden, park: Pria-
pus, custos paupera horti. Virgo Epicuri horti. Cic.
P o m a Ti u m, orchard: Arboribus consita Italia est, ut tota
pomarittm videatur. Varr. Viridarium., a pleasure
garden with rare plants and trees, as they were behind the
ceUaJ on both sides of aRoman domus (we bave the- same
idea of green prevailing in greenhouse); Viretum, a charm-
ing spot, where there is a great deal of green, i. e. verdure,
e. g. clumps of trees; it also sgnifies a fine lawn, a green (in
England): Amama vireta nemorum. Virgo
516. HOSPES, CAUPO, DEVERSOR; HOSPITUS, HOSPITA-
LIS. H o s p e s, 32, tbe "stranger," as guest, and the host,
who receives him; especially the guest with whom one had
concluded the relation of hospitality for mutual kind recep-
tion, according to antique custom: Adeone hospes hujusee
urbis es, ut haJe neseias 1 Cic. Dexteram hospes hospitl
porrexisti. Id. Caupo, also Copo, a wine.seller, who, rOl
money, receives strangers in his booth (caupona, taberna) snd
refreshes them; D ev er s o r, one who puts up with a friend,
or in a tavern (who turna in): Homo multorum hospitu7l1,
copO'devia Latina. Cic.-Hospitus, as fem. snd neut.
for Hospes! Pomponia, Ego sum, inquit, hie hospita.
Ce. Qua tmir hospita lustres aJquora. Virgo Hospi-
517. Holtia. 519. Humus.
239
taUs, hospitable, and where guests are well received, e. g.
,edes: Cimon in suos curiales hospitalis fuit. Cie.
517. HOSTIA, VICTIMA. Hostia, a sacrifice of atone-
ment; Vi c t i m a, a costly sacrifice of thanksgiving, for
which well fed cattle were taken: Victima, qua deztra
cecidit victrice, vocatur. Hostibus atRotis, hostia nomen
habet. Ovid.
518. HUMOR, SUDOR, ULIGO; MADlDUS, UVI-
DUS, UDUS; HUMECTARE, RIGARE, IRRIGARE. Humor, hu-
midity, in general, with which a is penetrated, e. g.
narium: Humor et calor, qui est Jusus in corpore. Cic.
Humor. Terra et bibit humorem, et, quum vult, ex se ipsa
remittit. Ovid. Sudor, perspiration, sweating, as exhala-
tion on a surface, sweat: HUlnor, allapsus extr'insecus, su-
dorem videtur imitari. Cic. Uligo (for Udiligo), natural
humidity or marshy quality of soil: Venetia agros arbustat
, salice propter uliginem soli. Plin.- Humidus, humid,
penetrated, in a less degree, by wlltery particles; M adidus,
wet, from without, and drippil!g: Ignem ex lignis viridibus
atque humidis fieri jussit. Cic. Madidis Notus evolat
aliso Ovid. Uvidus, contracted Udus, very moist, a higher
degree of humidus, more rarely used: Vides me, ornatus ut
8m vestimentis uvidis. Plaut., instead of madidis. Uda
pomaria rivis. Hor. - Humectare, moistening, so that
80mething is penetrated in a less degree by moisture: H u-
mectat Lucifer agros, roranli p1'tEVectus equo. Clalldian.
Bigare, watering, with rain or artificially; Irrigare, irri-
gating: JEstate seminaria conspergi quam rigari
debent. Colum. JEgyptum Nilus irrigat. Cic.
519. HUMUS, TERRA, TELLUS, SOLUM; HUMARE, SEPE-
LlRE, HUMILIS, DE - SUMlIIISSUS, ABJECTUS,
SUPPLEX. Humus, earth, as the moist and low sol: Repere
per humum. Hor. Procumbit. humi bos. Virg., down on
!he ground. Mulier humi jacebat. Phredr.,on the ground.
Terra, earth, as element, in contradistinction to water and
fire, as an original suhstance of the universe, pervading it, as
firm land, country, and as substance: Aquam terramque
alieui adimere. Cic. Terra Zocata in media sede muradi,
Bolida et globosa. Id. Manibus sagulisque terram eznau-
rire. Creso Tellus, the earth, as body in the universe, gen-
erally as goddess, poetically also for the ground, surface of
the earth, land: JEdes Telluris. Cc. Solum, properly,
the foundation; tbe soil, as the base of produce, property,
240 520. Jacere.
and home: Terree pingue 80lum jortes invertant tauri.
Virgo - Humare, eovering with earth, and interring, as
general expression: Quod nune eommuniter in omnibus .e-
pultis poni/.ur, ut huma ti dieantur,id erat projJrium tum in
iis, quas humus injeeta eontegeret. Cie. Sepelire (properly,
selting aside [8e]), interring: Atticus 8epultu8 est juzta
viam Appiam in monumento avunculi sui. Nep., henee bring-
ing into total oblivion: Sepultum bellum, 8epultus dolor.
Tumulare, eovering a grave with a hill: Injeela tumul.
bor flwrtua terra. Catull. - Humilis, near the ground,
low, lowly: Vites ea, quee sunt humiliora neque se tolkn
aterra altius possu.nt. Cie. Hum i 1 i alque obscuro lotlO
natus. Id. Animi humiles jormidine divum,. depressique
ad terram. Lucret. Demiuus, properly, let clown; de
pressed, bent by misfortune; Summissus, lowering ooe's
sclf, humble: Erigebat animum, jam demissum et oppru-
8um. Cie. Cum civibus vivere neque summissum et ah-
jectum, neque 8e Id. Abjectus,268, tbrown
lo the ground, without eourage, despairing: Sum animo per-
cu180 et abjecto. Cie. Supplex, with bent knee, humble
and urgently praying: Supplex te ad pedes abjieiebas. Cie.
Humilis, designates the manifestation of our feeling of
distanee from a superior; Demissus, humility and resigna-
tion of our worth; Summis8us, subjection; Abjeetu8,
feeling of insuffieiency of worth; Supplex, the feeling of
dependenee upon the merey of a powerful one, manifested
by positioo of body.
1, J.
520. JACERE, M1TTERE, CONJleEIlE, JAeuLARI, COLLINEARE.
J a e e re, throwing, by propelling through the air: scyphum in
aliquem de manu. Cic.; lapides post lerga; ancoras, funda-
mentum. Mittere, throwing in sending, e. g. pila; Send-
ing: Tela tormentis missa. Creso Conjieere, throwing
together ;_ henee opinillg, surlllising, from materials tbrown
together, bringing varioul! indieations together (eombination) :
8arcina8 in acervum. Liv. Brutus de matre suavianda u:
oraculo argute e o nj e ci t Id., and throwing an object against
something: Pila in hostes; aliquem in vincula, throwing
Dto fetters; maledieta in aliquem. J a e u lar i, throwing, by
521. Jactatio. 523. Ieere.
241
8winging with the band, throwing by tbe sIing: Rector
Olympi jaeulatur folTllina deztrls. Ovid. Collineare,
also Collimare (from limis), aiming the missile in a straighl
Zine, aiming well, true: Quis est, qui totum diem jaeulans,
IlO1l aliqual,do e o II i n e e t '1 Cic.
521. JACTATIO, JACTANTIA, OSTENTATIO, VENDITATIO.
Jaetatio, properly, the repeated to and fro; tbe
repeated and boasting mention of one's performances, boast-
ing, as aetion; J a e tan tia, the same, as q uality, bragging:
J a e t a t i o eruditionis. Quillctil. .Abolita retinere ut fri-
"ola in parvis jaetantia. Id. Oste7ltatio, bragging,
ostentatiously showing one's superiority, real or not: Vitanda
88t ingenii ostentationi. 8U8pieio. Cic. Venditatio,
a still higher degree, downright bragging: O s ten t a ti o ar-
tia et portentosa scientia ven d ita t i o manifesta esto Plin.
522. JAM, JAMJAM, NUNC, Mox, TUlIl, TUNc; JAM NUNC,
NVNC JAM, ETIAM NUNC. J am, now, alrcady, compares a
present, past, or future moment, as consequence of the past,
witb this latter; Nune (for num-ee), al present, now, points
al the real circumstances of the present, inasmuch as they
are closely following upon the past: Nestor tertiam ja.
atatem hominum vivebat. Cic. Diseebamus pueri XII, qttu
jam 1lemo diseit. Id. Jam te premet noa: fabulaqtte ma-
nes. Hor. J a m j a m, increases the strength of j a m, in this
moment, directly: Claudius senatum, jamjam i1lclinatam,
a Pyrrhi pace revoeavit. Liv. N01ldum Me, qua n u n e te-
net saculum, negligentia Deum venerat. Id. Moz, wilhin
the shortest possible time, soon: De 8ummo bono moz, ut
di:ri, videbimus. Cic. Tum, then, and stronger Tune (tum
- ce), at that time, points at a past or future fact, relnting
back to the correlative Quum, when, or to tbe demonstrative
Nune: Qtlum inimici nostri t'enire dieentur, tum in Epi-
rum ibo. Cic. Verres quum rosam viderat, tune leipere
NI' arbitrabatur. Id. &derat tune ezCtt8atio oppre is:
ft1&ne nulla est. Id. - J am nune, alrendy now; Nunc
jam, now, even now; Etiamnum and Etiamnune, still
DOW: Herma, de quibus ad me .cripsi.ti, jam nune me
deleetant. Cic. Habui paululum mora: nune jam Ittm
Id. Etiamnum credis te ignorar';' aut tua
Jaeta'1 Ter.
523. IcERE, FERIRE, PERCUTERE, VERBERARE, V APULARS,
PuLSARE, TUNDBRE, PAVIRE. Ieere, reaching with a blow
or thrust, bitting: Laurus fulmine .ola non idtur. Plin
21
524. Idiota. 526. Ignominia.
Fenre, carrying a heavy blow, beating severely, knocking
hard: Cornu jerit capero Virgo Murllm arietilnu jeriri
"ident. SalIo Percutere, shaking through and through by
a blow or knock: Janttam plena percutere manu. Tibull.
Lapide ictus ex muro periil. Cres., is the one hit; per-
CU88US, who has received asevere contusiono Fulmiu,
Ilecuri jedre, hitting j percutere, slaying, executing.
Verberare, beating repeatedly with a swung scourge ("er-
ber), rod, giving blows and knocks, threshing; Vapulare,
. designates the shaking, tremulous motion caused by repeated
beating upon a soft and elastic body j receiving a beatig:
Ego vapulando, ille verberando usque ambo defuri
sumus. Ter. Pulsare, obsolete Pultare (pellere), givig
repeated knocks and blows with something that is roul1dish,
like a butt: Fores pulsare, with the comie writers, pul-
tare; Lictores valentissimi el ad pulsandos verberan-
dosque homines exercitatissimi. Cie. Tundere, repeatedly
and violently knocking, pounding, and thus violently shakiog
a body or erushing it: Linum textltm tunditur clavis. Plin.,
knoeking j jerrum tundere. Id., welding j grana tundere
in pila lignea. Id. Pdvire, properly, eausing a surface to
eJe vate itsdf by beating upon it, reverberating, rebounding:
Quum aves pascuntur, aliquid ex ore cadit et terram p a" i t.
Cie., henee, also, making a surface denser, by bealing, beat-
ing firmer: Pavimenta primU7n jacta in Italia fistucill pa-
vita. Plin.
524. IDIOTA, RUDIs. Idiota, an unedueated person, ig-
norant, especially in the branch on which the eonversation
dwelIs, an ignorant person in general, ignoramus j RudiB,
rude, such as nature furnishes a thing, without further prepa-
ratioo: Signa pulcherrima, qllm quemvis nostrom, quos iste
idiotas appellat, dehctare possent. Cic. Rudis ad pedes-
tria bella esl gens Numidarum, equis tanlum llabilis. Liv.
525. IGNIS, FLAMnIA, ARDOR. Ignis, fire, as freed and
lurninous enJoric; F 1 a m m a, flame, the movable rnass of tire
which rises from burning bodies j Ardor, 164, burning heat,
glowing substance (German Glutlt): Ign em sic distulit toen-
tus, ut omnia jlamlllam concipere.nt. Creso Mea domus
ardore suo dejlagrationem urbi minabatur. Cie.
526. IGNOMINIA, INFAntIA, DEDECUS, PROBRUM, QpPRO-
B1UUM. Ignominia, ignorniny, Ihe loss of a good name
(nomen), civil honor, and marks of honor or distinction, con-
necled with or effecting public aharne, caused frolD without.,
527. Ignorare.
243
infticted by sorne one: Animadversio Censoria i g 11 o m 'Uu a
dicta esto Cie. Infamia, the evil repute, reputation, opinion
oC the publie respeeting one's morality, and the shame ensu-
iDg from" it: Crudelitatis infamiam e.ffugere. Cie. De-
de cus, that by whieh we injure our honor, dishonor, eontu-
mely: Ampla dom!l8 de d e c o ri domino fit, si est in ea
8Ol-itudo. Cie. Quod privafarum rerom dedecus non haret
infamire? Id.; dedec!l8, disgraee; ignominia, sta te of the
disgraced one. Prbrum (pro, IX, 1. c.), a di!lgraeeful
action, by whieh we injure our morality and reputation; o.
shameful act, and the shame it brings upon aman itself:
Curium censores senatu probri gratia mocerant. Sall. In-
gerere pro bra. Liv., uttering abusive speeeh against sorne
ODe. Opprobrium, reprotlch we make to sorne one,on
account of dishonorable aetions: Majoris fugiens oppro-
bria culpre. Hor. .
527. IG:soRARE, NON NOSSE, NEselRE, NON seIRE; IG-
!iORANTIA, INSCIENTIA, INSCITIA; IGNARUS, IGNOTus, INCOO-
!ilTUS; INSCIV's, NEseIUS. Ignorare, not knowing, having
no knowledge or information whatever of a subjeet, indieating
a laek of our own experienee, or that of others, or informa-
tion: Res erat prretorilms nota solis: i g n o r a b a t u r a cete-
riso Cie. N o n n o s s e, not knowing something, i. e. DOt
having leal'Ded to distinguish it by its proper marks of dis-
tiDetion: Vespe.rascit, et non noverunt viam (ancillc:e).
Ter. Not kflO/oing, that is, not having a distinet notio!}. of
something, of subjeets of the understanding and memory (in
German, nielll wissen), is Nescire, ifthe idea expressed by
the verb is negatived; Non scire, if the faet is negatived,
and the negation is direetly opposed to the affirmation, see
MO, d. Non tam prc:eclarum est seire Latine, quam turpe
neseire. Cic. Tu nescis, id quod seis, Dromo, si sapies.
Ter., you aet as if you did not know it, pretend not to know
it. Pac8ei modo seis: sed quc:e pacta es, non seis solvere.
Plaut. Non sciunt pueri viam, qua domum redeant. Ter.,
signifies the existenee and direetion; non norunt, the state
and environs of the stJ:t'et, if we eannot find our way in it, or
iC we run in dallger in it.-Ignorantia, the 1I0t being
knowll, as inherent quality of a thing: Munitionem cohortes,
i g n o r a 11 tia loci, sunt secutc:e, quum portam qua-rerent. Creso
Inscientia, the subjeetive ignoranee, laek of knowledge,
whieh memoryatores up in ourselves; bucitia, praetical
ignorance, want of akill, which has ita foundatioD in waOl oC
244 528. Ignoscere.
proper knowledge and practice, in keensightedoess and pree-
ence oC mind, or also in natul'lll c1ownishness, helplessness,
elumsiness: Vitam omnem perturbari -videmUl errore et in
Icientia. Cic. Inscitia mea et stultilia igno.ctul. Plaut.
-Ignarus, waoting in knowledge, he who has 00 koowI
edge oC faets aod of sensual perceptioo, of active UBe
(io German unkund-ig): Ignarus legum, rudia in jure
civili. Cic.; and passi've, unexplored, not knowo: Regio
oostibua ignara. Sall. Ignotus, active, one who has not
yet become acquaiuted with something, does not know it yet:
lUi artijice8 corporis simulacra i g n o ti s nota faciebant.
Cic., and passive, unknown, one we do not yet know: In
navem omnibus ignotus nautia escendit. Nep. Incogni.
tus, not yet inquired into, one we are not yet acquainted
with: Hoc vitandum est, "e in c o g n ita pro cognitia h.tJhea.
mua. Cic. - In s ci 'liS, ignol'llnt, designates the absence oC
knowledge; N escius, ignorant, oot knowing, the waot of
knowledge: Artem si subtraxeria, qu distingues arti.ftcem a1I
,nacio 1 Cic., he who has not the rules and principies of tlle
art io his memory; ignarus artis, who does oot uoderstand
the procedure, mode of practising the arto Nucia meu
Aominum fati 80rtiaque futura. lo prose, with pre-
eediog oegation, Iratum 'e reg fuisse, non erant nu
cii. Cic.
528. IGNOSCERE, INDULGERE, PARCERE; INDur.GENTIA, OB
SEQUIUM, Ignoscere, oot taking notice oC some-'
thing; hence, pardoning faults and omissiolls, from generosity :
Et prateritia i g n o s e i s, et concedis futura. Cic., see 192.
Indulgere (dulc-is), being iudulgent toward sorne one,or
something, having indulgence with faulls, from kiodness oC
heart, also from weakness: Epicurei sibi indulgente. "
corpori deserviente8. Cic., who indulge themselves, do not
deoy themselves anything. Spernere "etere8 amicitio., in
dulgere novia. Id., cultivating. Parcere, moderating
somethiog, e. g. ira, labori, peT'iculo; and bestowing tha
greatest care upon the preservation of sometbing, saving:
Parcere subjectia, et debellare ,uperbos. Virg., sparing,
from humaoity.-Indulgentia, long.suffering, indulgeoca:
Si fera partus 8UOS diligunt; qua nos in liber08 no,tro. in-
dulgentia e8se debemus'l Cie. Ob8equium, yielding, ir
we regulate our aetioos according to the will and desire or
another: Flectitur' obu'I"io curvatus ab arbore TaflIU8.
Ovid. Legatus oJicii termino" obu'I"ium .,a Impera-
529. lilustrare. 531. 1mbuere. 245
torum ezuit. Tac. In d u 1 gen tia, does not olfer obstacles;
Obsequium, yields, does not resisto Venia, pardon, shown
to 8upplicating and guilty persons: Veniam et impunitatem
dare. Cic., and the indulgence which is connected with par-
don, permission: Dedi veniam homini impudenter pe-
tenti. id.
529. ILLusTRARE, ILLUMINARE. Illustrare, making
something light, throwing light upon it, 0pp. obscurart; Il-
luminare, giving Iight, ilIl1minating, shining upon: Qua sol
hamlables illustrat oras. Hor. Luna a Sale illumi-
nata. Cie.
530. hIAGO, EFFIGIES, SIMULACRUM, SIGNUM, SlGILLUM,
STATUA, 'I'OREUMA. lmago, the imitating, image of a sub-
ject, presenting its form in aH its details, if it makes an im-
pression upon the imagination; hence, 1111 agi n e s, imagcs
of anccstors; Ejjigies, tbe image, as plastic work of art,
especially with reference to faithfulness and truth of expres-
sion; Simulacru11l, the similar image or reprcsentation,
inasmuch as it is formed similar lo the original, of a furmed
mage as wel! as an iHusion in the air, dream; hence uf im-
ages uf gods, which can be formed similar only to tbe qual-
ites of the deitie;o; Signum, every image as sigo of tbe
original, hence of images of deilies, as their symbols; Si-
gillum, a small image of this sort; Statua, a standing
image, statuc, represcnting tbe wbolc body, and is worked
round; unly used of human figures; Toreuma, every half
or entirely elevated image, relievo, as ornament of golden or
silvcr vessels, also such a vessel itself: Q/Lum statuas et
imagines, non animorum simulacra, sed corporum, stu-
dwsc mulli summi homines reliquerint, cosiliorum relinquere
ac virlutuTl/. noslrarum ejjigiem multo malle debemiLs, sum-
mis ingeniis expressam et politam. Cic. Est signum no-
tum, imago avi tui. Id., of tbe sea!. Signum lsidia, in
modum Libur1lajiguratum. Tac. In patella sigilla erant
egregia. Cic., little images of embossed work, wbich were
fixed to the vesset. Diodorus habebat perbona toreumata;
ira !tia pocula d"o, summo r t ~ o jacta. Id.
531. IMBuERE, INFICERE, INFUSCARB. 1mbuere, im-
merging a body io a liquid, so that tbe latter penetmtes it:
Quo semel est imbuta rens, ,ervabit- odorem testa dill.
Hol., bence, Puen animum teraerum his opinionibus imbtt-
as. Cic., imbuing. lnjicere, mixing some ingredient wilb a
lIubstance io sucb a manner that it changes its natural property,
21-
246 3S. Imitatio. 535 .. Imperiwn.
. dyeing: Britanni se vitro in ji ci u n t, . quod caruleum efficit
colorem. Creso PUeTUm inficere artihm. Cie., making
tbem part of himself. Injuscare, making dark, dark col.
ored, soiling: Ne maculis "juscet vellera pullis. Virgo
Omnes,quos non aliqua barbaries domest-ica injusca"erat,
recte loquebantur. Ce.
532. IMITATlO, ..EMULATIO, RIVALITAS. Imitatio, ro.
itation, without passon: Excellentium civium "irtus imita-
tione digna est, non invidia. Ce. .Emulatio, the pas-
sionate endeavour of equalling another in his envied sUllerior.
ity, emulaton frorn ambition, and jealousy from ambtion:
.Emulantis est angi alieno bono, quod ipse non '"'beato
Ce. Et imitatio virtutis a11lulatio dicitur: et est am ..
latio agritudo, si eo, q'Uod concupierit, alius potiatur, i ~
",reat. Id. R i val ita s, rivalship in matters of love: QI&ia
sine r i va li teque "et tua solus amares. Hor. Vitiosa .....
latio, qua rivalitati similis /lst. Cie.
533. IMMINERE,IMPENDERE. 11II11Iinere, towering aboye
8Omething, bordel'ing elosely upon sometbing, and heing near
at hand, of time, striving for sornething, threatening some-
thing, in order to pounee upon it i Impendere, hanging
over something and threatening to fall, threateoing to e f ~
of near evils pending over us: Quercus pratorio immine-
bat, cujus umhra opaca sedes erat. Liv. Mors quotidie
imminet. Id. Mors, quasi S=11I Tantalo, sempllr impe ...
det. Id.
534. IMMuNDus, SPURCUS, OBSCCENUS, IMPuRus; OBSC<B-
NITAS, TURPITUDO. Immun dus, not eleanly, unclean, where
dirt, slains, and soiled spots are, e. g. sus: Pauperies i.
munda domus procul ahsit. Hor. Spurcus, filthy, nasty,
of disgllsting uneleanliness for Ihe sense of sight and smell:
Si quid est urina spurcius. Gell. Tempestas spurci
sima. Cie. Obscl1lnus, also Obscenus, giving an evil
iodieaton, e. g. aves; ugly, nasty, foul, exeiting disgust, hor-
ror, and loathing io seeiog or hearing it: Obscl1lni interpru
fimC'.stique ominis auclor. Varr. Torquet ab obscan
ermonibus aurem. Hor. Impurus, impure, uncleao, vicious.
unehaste: Persona lutulenla, impura. Cie.- OhcQJni-
tas, obseeoity, as quality i Turpitudo, ugliness, as prop-
erty, which disgraees, irnrnorality, sharnelessness: llliberalN
jocus est, si rerum turpitudo adlLibetur, aut verhorum 06-
'Cl1lnital. Cie.
535. IlIlPERlUM, PIlINCIPATUS, DOlllINATUS, REGNUX Ix.
536. Impius. 537. Implicare. 247
PERlA, MAGISTRATUS. Imperium, properly, th., command,
which demaDds implicit obedieDce; the command, as of an
army, &e., . e. highest authority; supreme authority, which
uDites with supreme power irresistible will: Imperium al-
cujus exsequi. Ter. Galli mb populi Romani imperium
ditionemque ceciderunt. Cc. Principatus, supreme place,
precedence: Cingetorigi principalu, (in civitate) atque
imperium est traditum. Creso DOlldnatus, mastership,
as a state of things, when one can command over something
as if it were his property, wheo he is lord of it: Dominat"
unius omnia tenenlur, neque esl usquam consilio aut auctori-
tati locus. Cie. Regnum, autocracy, regal dignity, govem-
ment; with the republican Romans, also used for tyranny:
Duces (Romulus et T. Tal-ius) re gnu m consociant, i m pe d-
11m omne conjerunt Romam. Liv.-Imperium, empire, the
wbole district or territory which stand s uDder the supreme
authority ofan individual or a people: In tIto toto impedo
lIe provincia. Cic., . e. Western Asia, where Thermus was
plllltor. Fines imped populi Romani. Id. Regnum,
tbe district within which one, as master, ordains and directs
every thing, and a realm, kingdom, as country: Id nisi hie
in too regno esscmus, 1Ion tulissem. Cic., where thou aloDe
hast the command. - Imperia, the places of commanders,
as offices, and iD the persoDs of the commaDders.in.chief;
Magis/.ratus, the superior political or civil offices, under
tbe authority of which public affairs and institutions stood ;
a1so used for single superior magistrates: Vacua ab impe-
riis provincia. Cic. Imperia ex urbe e:r:eunto. Id. Vi
1Ilagistratibus leges, ita popul.o prasunt magi,tra-
tus. Id.
536. IMPIUS, NEFARIUS, SACRILEGUS. Impius, impious,
uncoDscentious, i. e. showiog 110 conscience against God,
country, or olle's relations; N efarius. of impious temerity,
he who trespasses the divine snd naturallaws; Saerilegu"
a robber of temples, a dishonorer of temples: Qui ajJinem
fama ac jortunis 'Poliare conalllS est, impium ,e es,e jate-
cdur. Cic. Moliri nejada mulier ccepit insidiasjilio. Id.
Sacdlego pana est, qui sacrum abstulerit. Id.
537. IMPLICARE, 1M - PRlEPEDlRE, OBSTARE, OFFICERE ;
IMPEDlMENTUM, OBSTACULUM, DIFFICULTAS; IMPEDlJlIENTA,
SARCINlE. Implicare, putting iDto tolds, entwining, en
tangling, e. g. crinem auro: Qttod male implicuisti, ,01
.,411 potius, quam abrumpas. Senee. Impedire, entaogling
248 538. Imporlunus. 539. Impudtm8.
the feet, k p i n ~ off, hindering: Ut e.xercitum eadem, quae
impedierat, jortuna expediret. Liv. Praped;'re,
drawing something before the feet that will hinder, stopping,
checking, detaining: Sine modo sese prada prapediant.
Liv. Ohstare, standing in the way, and thus detaining,
e. g. currenti: Conferti in portis, o b s tan d o magia, qua",
pugnando, castra tutabantur. Liv. Officere, working
against, and thus being in the way or doing injwy: Umhra
terra sol officiens noctem dftcit. Cic. Cur mea commo-
da officis et obstas'! Id. - Impedimentum, hin-
drance, impediment, the thing by which we are prevented
from advancing; Ohstaculum, the obstacle which places
tself in our way, and interferes with our progress; of mre
use; Difficultas, difficulty, expresses the exertion and
application of great force and many means to bring about our
object: Demosthenes impedimenta natura diligenlia in-
dustriaque superavit. Cic. Ego hac propter magnitudinem
rerum ac difficultatem assequi nonpotui. Id.-Imped-
imenta, are the baggage of an army, inasmuch as they m-
pede military movements; the impedimenta are constituted
by the baggage, the people attending it, wagons, and beasts
of burden; Sarcina, a bundle of things tied together fOl
travelling; in plural, the bllndles which the Roman 80ldiera
carried on tbe march: Consistit agmenj impedimenta
intra legiones recipiuntur. Creso Sarcinas colligam ante
quam proficiscar evita. Varr.
538. iMPORTUNUS, MOLESTUS,. INTEMPESTlVUS. Impor-
tunus, opp. opportunus, is partly he wbo allows one no quiet,
who is unkind, impetuous, and insufferable: Uxor impor-
tuna atque incommoda. Plaut. Importunus af,que amena
tyrannus. Cic. M o 1 e s t u s, pressing, inconveniencing, mo-
lesting, e. g. onus, labor; also surprising by artificiality, &C.
Latine loquendi accurata, et sine m o 1 e s tia diligens ele-
gantia .. Cic., - partly unfitting, respecting place and circum-
stances, inconvenient, importune: Aggeribus turribusque
locus importunus. Sall. Cursum ingenii tui premit Me
importuna elades civitatis. Cic. Intempestivus, UD-
fit, respecting the time, untimely, improper, that which hap-
pens or is done at an improper time: Amicitia nunquam in-o
tempestiva, nunquam molesta esl. Cic.
539. IMPuDENs, INvEREcuNDus; IMPuDIcus, INCESTUS.
Impdens, without shame, shameless, impudent, e. g. men-
dacium. Inverecundus, he who has no regard fOl decorum
,
/
540. In. 249.
and propriety, wbo shows no esteem or regard for anybody,
e. g. frons: Legirupa, i m p u den s, impu1'U8,
inverecundissimus. Plnut. - Impud;cus, shameleu,
inseositive agaiost the violation of natural feeling of shame :
Mulieres impud ica. Cic. Incestus (castus), unchaste,
impure with regard to religion and purity of momls, e. g.
sermo: In c e s t u s parat sacrificium, non ante perfusus Jlu-
mine. Liv.
540. IN, DE, NE, NON. a. In, as preposition, signifies
in, toward, on, into; as negation, it sigoifies the English un,
but only with nouns and verbs, formed of nouns sul>stantive,
e. g. Incommodare, causillg incommodity. Incoquere
tU[ua, cooking in water; succum, boiling down; plumbum
tilbum incoquitur aereB operibus. PI in., adding by boil-
ing, as it were, tinning over: Incoctus, uncooked. Inau-
aire, hearing as a secret; inauditus, unheard of, nnd
unheard: Inauditi atque indefensi perierant. Tac. In-
cogitare, thinking of something, meditatillg it, e. g. frau-
dem; Incogitans, acting unthinkingly; Incogitalus,
thoughtless, unreflecting, e. g. opus. Infringere, breaking
in two in the middle, into several pieces, by knocking against
something, e. g. ollam in capul. Plaut. Infraetu's rentus.
Cic., broken (never, unbroken). - In, as prepositioo, also
strengthens the meaoing, e. g. Canus, silver-gray, 55. In-
canus, very gray: Barhas incanaque menta tondenl hirci.
Virgo See Ineolumis.
b. In, as preposition, into, away from us and toward us,
designates lbe directioll toward the most inner point; De, off,
away,of a straight line, surfhce, away from it, downward,
313. Infleelere, bending in: bacillum a summo inflt'z-
am; Defleclere, bending off, downward, e. g. ramum
oliva; oculos a1iorum (in se) i 1If1 e e ter e, attractillg; d e-
flectere, turning away. Imminutus, diminished by a
certain magnitude: Siet, p1enllm est; s'it, imminutum.
Cic. Deminutus, diminishetl, of decrease, weakened:
Aliquidde libertate mea deminutum esto Cic. In the
words designatillg dressing, dyeing, in signifies a putting on,
or drawing over,or adhering to it, at it: De, a coating over
downward, covering /)ver: Inauratus, covered over witb
gold, e. g. statua; Deauratus, lighter gilt, rarely used,
e. g. balteus. Dea1bare, white-washing, e. g. eolumnam;
Inalbare, putting on white paint, rare.
e. In, un, designates a reversion of tbe notion into ita
540. In.
opposite; De, a oeerease, laek in perfcetion: Juvenes adhuc
conjusa qucedam non in d e e e 11 t. Plin .. , disfigure: Fall,
errare, decipi dedecet. Cie., not betitting, which is IInbe.
coming. Indecorant bene nata culpce. Hor., dishonoring
Dedecoras jamiliam. Ter., bringing shame upon. In.
dignari, eonsidering something unworthy, feeling indignant
at it; Dedignari, eonsidering something unworthy of us,
disdaining. Insuetus, unaeeustomed; Desuetus, disac.
customcd. Insipiens, the unwise, who does not know how
to act in every situation rightly and deeorously; Desipiens,.
silly, who betrays want of imelleet.
d. In, un, designates as negation at the same time the
opposite or the eontrary quality of the notion expresscd by
the original word; N e and N o n, merely negative: N e, nOI,
negatives the taking place of the notion; N o n, no, negntives
the faet. N e, relates to the meaning of the word; N o n, to
the fact whieh it expresses: Injan dus, unspeakable, so
borrid, that it eannot be suffieiently expressed in woros, inex.
pressible, e. g. dolor, jacinus; Nejandus, that whieh we
dare not pronollnee, or ought not to speak out, e. g. arma,
domus: Nejas, that whieh must not be permitted, must not
be done, eonsiders the eonsequenees of the breach of the
commandment; Nonjas est, means, it is really not pero
mitted, has referenee to the eommandment itself. Inopi.
na n s, active, and In o pi n a t u s, passive, unexpeeted, thnt
whieh happens when least expected; Necopinans, he who
cannot suppose something; Necopinatus, who cannot be
supposed: Germani inscios Menapios op.
presserunt. Creso Hoc mihi improvisum nopinantum.
que accidit. Cie. Hastes necopinantes oppressimus. Id.,
stronger thnn inopinantes, expressing the surprise. Omnia
r.epentina et necopinata sunt graviora. Id. Innocens,
uninjuriolls, innocent, who has no share in the injury done or
to be committed; Non nocen8, he who does not injure,
really does not do any harm. Indemnatus, uncondemned,
is quality Non damnatus, not condemned, designates
aetion or eondition. Inhonestus, dishonorable, immoral;
Non h01estus, not moral, not dutiful: Nihil a diis petere,
qtwd sit injustum atque inlw1Iestum. Dr. p. Domo. Mtdta;
quce h o n e s t a natura videntur esse, temporibus fiunt JI O"
"o n e 8 t a. Cie. N e q u i r e, not being able, not being in the
situation that we can do a thing, negatives the idea of the
verb Non quire negatives the aetion itself, whic.h is thus
641. In jh'tUen&. 544. Ineola. 261
opposed to tbe real being able beiog unable. After neqtieo,
tbs being able does not take place i after non queo Ibe being
unable u..kes place: Antoni-lu, pedibus ager, prrelio adesse
aequibat. Sal\. Non queo omnia Bcribere. Cie.
541. IN PR..ESENS, IN l'R..ESENTl, IN PR..ESENTlA, hJPR..E.
SENTIARUM. In prasens (tempus), for Ibe present, for the
present moment; and In p r a s e n t i se. tempore, at present,
now, ooly of time: Causa peccandi in prasens mimu Btlp'
petebat. Sal\. Hoc ad te in prasenti scripsi. Cie. In
prasentia, in tbe present time, for Ibe presen!, of the
present position and eireumstaoees: Vestra CCEna non solum
in sed etiam postero die jucunda sunt. Cie.
Imprasentiarum, and In prasentiarum (contraction
of in prasentia rerum), for the present: Hannibal cupivit
in prasentiarum bellum componere. Nep.
, 542. INANIS, VACUUS. Inans, empty, in whicb tbere
is notbing, indicates waot; Vacttus, empty, iodicates the
exislence of space for tbe reception of something: Domum
ornatum atflll6 instructam reddiderat nudam aique in a n e m.
Cie. Inanes litera. Id., empty, barreu of aoy tbing worth
koowing. Prolapsorum equitum equi vacui. Liv.
543. INCLINARE, VERGERE; ACCLINIS, ACCLIVIS. Incli.
nare, properly, leaning upon something: Bos genua indio
nat arenis. Ovid., beoding, deviating from the straight line :
Inclinavit acies. Liv. Sol, fortuna se inclinat. Creso
Vergere, bending loward; of the direclioo, oblique, down
ward, toward something: Tectum ver g i t in tectum inferi-
orisporticus. Cic.-Acclinis, leaning agaiost: Corpusq,"
levabat (Mezentius) arboris a e el i n i s trunco. Virgo .A. c
clivis, nscending: Leniter acclivis aditus. Creso
544. INCOLA, INDIGENA, INQUILINUS. In col a, inhabilant.
wbo dwells at a certain place: Peregrini atque incolce
oJIicium est, niliil prlZter Btlum negotium agere. Cic. Ind.
gena (indu-gignere), native, wbo is born in tbe place or
country where be lives: Ne majores quidem Gallorum in
dlgena, sed advena Italia cultores, Alpes transmBen,nt. Liv.
Inqui tinus (for incolinus) , the inhabitant of a foreign place,
where does not enjoy tbe privilege of holding property,
and wbo, on that accoun!, continues to be considered a stran
ger; an alien: Catilina postulat, ne Patres existimarent,
ribi p a t Ti ci o 1wmini perdita re publica opus 68se, quum
eam 8erDaret. M. Tullius inquilinus civB urbis Ro,uz.
Sall., becauBe Cicero was a native of Arpioum. Inquilini
"
545. IncOJ"nSptus. 547. Indo'k ...
prit'atarum Oldium alque insularum. Suet., lodgel'8, in con-
tradistinction..to Domini, freeholdel'8.
545. INCORRUPTUS, SINCERUS. Incorruptus, unspoiled,
with referenee to the natural good qllality Sincerus (be-
10ngs lo semel, Binguli), withollt foreign addition or alloy,
genuine, such l8 something is by nature: Spina in c o r r u p t a
etiam in aqllis durat. Plin. Incorrupti atque integri tutes.
Cie. Sincerum est nisi !laS, qllOdcunque infundia, acescit.
Hor. Nulli sincera voluptas, sollicitique aliquid Za!tis in-
Wvenit. Ovid.
546. INDAGARE, QUERERE, SCRUTARI, RIMARI, VESTI-
GARE, INVESTIGARE, EXPISCARI. Indagare, XIX, 1., trae
ing out: .Ad indagandum canis 1I;atus esto Ce. QUa!.
rere, inquiring into, searching with pains and attention:
lEgre qUa!ril, et nihil invenit. Plaut. Scrutari. searching
by rummaging and "overhaulin
p
'" aeeurately and earefully :
Non excutio te, si quid forte Jerri habuisti, non scrutor.
Cie. .Arcanum scrutari. Hor. Rimari, searching in
all the eracks and fissllres: Rastris terram rima.tur. Virgo
Vestigare, traeking Investigare, following ihe traek,
until the objeet searched for be found, traeing out: . Catuas
rerum vestigab-iraus. Cie. .Adh1tC investigare non
possum, ubi Lentulas sito Id. .Expiscari, fishing out,
properly, of eourse, of fish, but also, in general, bringing out,
to Iight, by careful search nnd investigation: Proinde ex-
piscare, quasi non nosses. Ter.
547. INDO LES, INGENIUM, NATURA. Indoles, naturol
endowments, capable of growth, i. e. perfection by cultiva.
tion, industry, aud practice: animi, ingeniique. Liv. Cum
IOC in d o le virtut1tm atque vitiorum Hannibal triennio 81tb
Hasdrubale meruit. Id. Ingeniu7n, the peculiar gifts,
powers, and qualities which nn individual has received at its
first origin with men, their peculiarities of temper, charae-
ter, nnd dispositions, and tbose of the mind, talent, genius,
understanding, and wit: Cceli mores soUque ingenia. Plin.
Sttum quisque noscat ingenium, acremque se et bonorum et
vitiorum SIlOrumjudicem pra!beat. Cic. Natura, the pecu-
liar mode and way in which, with a being, its bodily eompo-
nent parts, as well as also ts mental faculties, have been
constituted and combined from its birth (nasci) or origin its
nature, natural state and organization, the nature of a thing:
Qualis faset natura montis, qui cognoscerent, misit. Cres.
Medico natura corporis cognoscenda esto Cie. Mitis in
n08 Hannibal contra naturam suam esto Liv.
548. Induere. 549. Industria.
548. INDUERE, VESTIRE, VELARE, AMICIRE, OBNUliBRE,
VESTIS, VESTIMENTUM, AMICULUnr, TUNICA, SUBUCULA, IN-
DUSIUM. lnduere, putting on, and putting in, into (dOing
on and in): Loricam induam mi/i. Plaut. Tu te in la
queum induas. Id. Vestire, covering with a dress, coy
ering with something, be ii for protection or ornament: Alere
et vestire aliquem. Cie. Terra vestitafloribus, arOOri
bus, jrugibus. Id. Ve 1 ar e, eovering, hiding something
with a kerehief or garment, so that it cannot be seen, envel
oping: Augur capite velato. Liv. Toga velatus prOCf',s-
sit. Id. Amicire (ad-micire, belongs to mitra), properly,
dressing up, clothing, of external garments, which strike the
eyes, e. g. toga: Eleus Hippias gloriatus est, pallium, quo
amictus, soccos, quibus indutus esset, se sua manu conje-
cisse. Cic. Obnubere, properly, drawing fog over sorne
thing; veiling: l, lictor, caput obnube liberatoris urbis
hujus. Liv. - Vestis, gown, inasmueh as it eovers nudity,
or eovers, in general (as we use coat still more generally):
Datames hMninem optima veste terit. Nep. Vestimen
tum, inasmueh as it serves as dress: Milo calceos et vesti.
menta mutavit. Cie. Amiculum, the outer garment:
Femince Persicce in conv,iis summa quceque amicula exu
unto Cur!. Tu n i c a, tbe white woollen under-dress, whieh
the Romans wore under the toga; with men, as low d!,wn as
below the knees, and faslened with a gil'dle; with women,
longer, wider, and with sleeves; Subucula, a sort of shirt
worn by men, and lndusium (aceording to Varro Intusi
um, from intus), a shift worn by women near tbe skin, of
linen or eotton: Si jorte subucula pexce trita subest tu
nicce. Hor.
549. INDUSTRIA, ASSIDUITAS, SEDULITAS, LAnoR, DI.
GENTIA: INDUSTRIOS, NAVUS, blPIGER; DE - Ex INDUSTRIA,
DATA, DEDITA OPERA: CONSILIO, OONSULTO, SEDULO. In-
dustria (indu, XIII, 2.), tbe aetivity whieh operates in the
interior of u business, un afrair, an aetivity whieh has entirely
ente red into the objeet to whieh it is applied, whieh is not su-
perficial, industry: antelucana opificum. Cie. Assiduitas,
116, assiduity, the uninterrupted, lasting, and persevering
diligenee, e. g. medici: Id assiduitate et virtute conse
quere. Cie. Sedulitas, 304, the zenloua industry whieh
strives to make the best possible use of the time, especinlly in
order to be obliging to others: ojJiciosa. Hor. Pauper, sed
mundce sedulitatis, anus. Ovid. Labor, futibruing labor,
22
pains, trouble: Labor, est fonctio qucul-am vel animi .el
corporia, gravioris opera et muneris. Cie. Dili.geftti",
tbe aceuraey, punetuality, diligenee wth whieh we carry 00
an affair: Curata kac magna diligutia. Plaut. .A,..
(oratoria) demonstrat tantum, ubi quaras; reliqlMl ""'" i,.-
cura, attentione animi, cogitatione, vigilantia, assiduilt6,
labore; complectar uno verbo, diligentia. Cie., applielt-
tion. Industrius, he who finds his very element ib indus-
try, work; active, industrious: Dionysius in rebus gertmd
vir acer el industrius. Ce. Navus, nncient Gnat1tur
(geno, nascor, IV, 4.) properly, he who has native talent,
skill for something, natural impulse for sorne eertain aetivity,
active: Ex inerti parente na" u s filiw. Cie. N a" u 11 optS-
rarius ignavo et cessatore muJtum prastat. Colum. Impi-.
ger, undaunted, he who goes to work with alacrity, and does
Bot lose eheerful activity though the task may be laborious:
Vir ad labores belli impiger. Cie.- De, Ex indulltria,
with diligenee, with careful reference to the objeet in view ;
Injuria, qua nocendi causa de industria in{.,tur. Cie.
Romulus ludos ex industria parat. Liv. hata, Ded"
ta opera,on purpose, taking pains: Ut hac scirem, dedit"
opera kas ad te literas misio Cie. Co.nsili.o, intentionally;
Consulto, eonsiderately, with forethought: Consul, seu
jorte, seu consilio, Venusiam perjugit. Liv. Conllulto
et cogitate jit injuria. Ce. Sedulo, sedulously, with great
pains and aetivity in details: In ducendo bello s e d u lo tcm-.
pus terere. Liv.
550. INFANs, MUTUS, ELINGUlS. lnjans, who eannot
speak, as tbe infant, or who does not dare to speak: M u hu,
speeehless, dumb, as natural deficiency; E linguis, who
has DO tongue,or one that is palsied: Injantes pueri et
muta iestia. Cie. Timebam, si nihil dwsem, ne injan-
tissimus enstimarer. Id. Testem convicit et elinguem
reddidit. Id.
551. INFENSUS, INFESTUS. lnjensus, irritated against
sorne one from hatred or ire, ineensed, embttered against
him: Pro oifensione hominum, qui illi inimici in/ensique
aunt. Cie. Injestus (belongs to Manifestus, 210.), hostile,
ever ready to eommit hostilities against sorne one: TutuB ah
injestis latronibus. Hor. lnjestis signis ad kostem ire.
Cres., direeted toward tbe enemy for attaek; pnssive, it
meaos unsafe, exposed to hostilites (infested): Va ucurrio-
"ibus barbarorum en injelta. Cie.
552. hljenu. 553. IrifoN/lGn.
652. INFERUS, INFIMUS, bnrs; INFERI, ORCUS. Infe-
r.s (in, VIII, 1., witb f as digamma), below, being below,
and tbe lower one: Limen auperum inferumque vale. Plaut.
In the superlative, InftmHs, eontraeted, Imus, the 10weBt
originally botb woros had tbe same meaning, but genenllly
I"fimus signifies tbe lowest; Imu" the deepest: Infi-
ma montis radices. Cms. Perditis,ima atque infima fal:
p9pUli. Cic. 1m o Nereu.s cet aquora fondo. Virgo Ab
".is unguibus ""que ad tlerticem summum ll3: fraude C0ft8tat.
Cie. - 1 n fe r i, those tbat are in the lower regions, tbe de-
parted, inasmueh as they dwell there: Orator non ab infe-
ris mortuos excitabit. Cie. Orcus, the lower region, inas-
mueh as it contains tbe dead, too real m of the dead: Minos
sedet arltiter Orci. Propert.
553. INFORMARE, INSTITUEllE, INSTRUERE, PRECIPERB
IN-CONFORMATIO. Informare, forming into something;
properly, a substance into a plastie work of art: Cyclopum
inJormatum manilnls jam parte polita fulmen erat. Virgo
Artes, quibu6 atas puerilis ad humanit.atem informad so-
let. Cic. Iutituere, properly, plaeing tbere, down, estab-
lishing, e. g. civitates; establishing or organizing for a eertall
purpose, objeet; instrueting one how he ought to do Il certain
tbing: PIane rudem in s t i t u e r e ad dicendum. Cie. In
struere, placing in good order, upon and by one another,
properly arranging, providing with every thing necessary,
e. g. agrum, ades; and furniahing witb knowledge, instruet-
ing, artibus, literis, doctrinis, consiliis, or tbe subject of in-
struction is indieated by the aeeompanying words: Mulier
i,utituit accusatoru, instruit testu. Cie., sbe appointa
a e e u ~ r s and tells them what they have to do; she fumiabas
the witnesses with documents and evidenee. Senectus ado-
le8centulos do c e t, in s t i tui t, ad omne qfficii munus in-
.trHit. Id., fumisbes them witb knowledge, gives direction
as to what they bave to do now and in tbe future, provides
tbem with neeessary preparatory knowledge for every affair.
Pracipere, direeting beforehand, prescribing how BOrne-
thing anchvhat ia to be done: Portu solventibus ii, qui jam in
partum ex alto invehuntur, p r a c i pe r e solent et templl8tatum
rationem et pradonum el locorom. Cie. Philippus et Anti-
pater filiis pracipiunt, ut oratione benigna multitudinil
animos ad benevolentiam alliciant. Id.-Informatio, the
image whieh tbe soul forms of something: lIabebam in ani-
mo insitam informationem quandam dei. Cic. Confor.
.554. Ingenuus. 556. hitium.
m a t i o, the formation of a whole in respeet of the harmoniz.
ing eomposition of its parts, eonformation: Ipsius thealri
eonjormatio sic est facienda. Vitruv. Est qucedam eDil-
jo r m a ti o insignita et impressa intelligentile, quam notionelA
voco. Cie.
554. INGEuus, LIBER, LIBERALIS. Ingenu'lJ,s, that
whieh we have by our proereation, whieh belongs to the in-
dividual from tbe moment of its being engendered, e. g. in-
doles; naturally free, freeborn: Ean' ingenua an jestuca
jacta e serlla libera est 1 Plaut. Artes et huma-
Cie., befitting a freeborn man, noble. Liber,eivilly
free, he wbo is no slave; henee frank, open: Jure civili qui
est matre libera, liber esto Cie. Vocem liberam mit-
tere. Liv. Liberalis, 146, worthy of a freeman, deeorous
ror him, proper for bim: Omnis liberalis et digna homine
nobili doctrina. Cie.
555. INGREDI, INTRARE, INTRoIRE. Ingredi, waIking
along, walking toward something: Si stas, ingredere.
Cie., going toward a place in order to enter; Intrare, so
far entering into an endosed place tbat we are witbin (intra),
passing the tbresbold; Introire, going into tbe interior:
In vitam, tamquam in viam ingredi. Cie. Tu.ingredi
illam domum ausus es 1 tu illud limen in t r a r e 1 Id. Me
juerat cequius, ut prius in t r o i e r a m, sic prius exire de
vita. Id.
556. INITIUM, ORIGO, ORTUS, PRINCIPlUM, EXORDIUM,
PRIMORDIUM, PROCEMIUM. Initium (inire), beginning, ae-
eording to spaee and time, inasmueb as sometbing follows
afier: pars in i ti u m capit a fiumine RllOdano. CalS.
In i t i u m belli, Id milti propositum in i t i o non juit.
Cie., in tbe beginning. Hoc ti!Ji et est antiquissimum et ab
initio fuit. Id., from tbe beginning. Initia, tbe first be-
ginnings, tbe elements or rLidirnents of a scienee, upon whieh
more diffieult problems follow: Ut male posuimus initia,
sic cetera sequentr. Cie. Aer, et iguis, et aqua, et terra
sunt .. Ergo illa initia et elementa diculltur. Id.
Mysteriis ex agresti immanique vita exculti ad hAanitatena
mitigatique sumus: In i tia que ut appellantur, ita re vera
principia cognovimus. Id., the seeret serviee of
Ceres and Baeehus. O r: g o (oriri), the origin, as deseent;
Ortus, tbe origin, the begioning of tbe existenee of a thing,
with referenee to the question, whanee? A primo animan-
tium ortu petitur origo sU1mni boni. Cie. Principium
557. Injuria.
(princeps) , the beginning, considered materially, inasmuch
.. tbat which follows has its foundation in it; tbat lrom which
aomething takes its rise: Omnium rerum magnarum a diil
immortalibus principia ducuntur. Cic.; hence, Princi-
p.i a, the original substances, the first fundamental' doctrines
ofa science, on which the others rest: Rerum principia,
e quibus omnia constant. Cic. Juris principia. Id., and
the first files in front of an army, where the colors-were. In
this sense also, Hoc principio est in omni quastione con-
Biderandum. Cic., in the beginning, first of all. Vellem a
principio te audisse amicssime monentem. Id., from the
beginning, with reference to orner and series. Ell:ordium,
properly, the edge or list of something woven; the first part
of a whole, from which the other parts start, or to whieh they .
attach themselves: Hujus quoque e:11ordium moli, quonlm
principiu7lt boni di:J:imus, t:J:plicemu8. Cie. Primor.
dium, the very first beginning, origin, with whieh the exist-
enee of a thing begins: A Diis immortalibus aunt nobil
agendi capienda primordia. Cie. ProaJmium
1'1.(11), properly, the prelude; the prefaee, introduetion of 11.
speeeh, essay: In singulis libris utor proaJmiis. Cic. -
557. INJURIA, NOXA, NOXIA, CONTUMELIA, MALEDlCTl1M,
CONVIClUM; INJ11RlA.M FACERE, NocERE, BESSE. Inju-
ria, the wrong, every action by whieh the righta of another
are violated: Duobus modis, aut vi aue fraude, fit injuria.
Cie. Noxa, the injury, damage done to some one, and in
tbis respeet, also, the guilt; and the injury, damage whieh
we Buffer, and in this respeet, also! the punishment, see 289.
Nocte nocent pota (aqua): sine nO:11a luce bibuntur. Ovid.
Ne quis, nisi qui nO:11am meruisset, donec paJnam lueret, in
compedibus teneretur. Liv. N O:11i a, sc. res, the injury done,
henee also the erime (done to the suffering party) and the
guilt, erime: NO:11 i a paJna par esto. Cie. Hence, N o x a fII
Jactam sarcire, nO:11a dare, dedere; but nO:11iam sarcire,
in noxia esse, teneri. Contumelia, the 19antoD abuse
of with disgrace to his honor, eontumely, affront:
Patior facile injuriam, si est vacua a contumelia.
Pneuv. Maledictum, nn expression which affects the
honor of nnother, or an imprecnting, eursing expression, gen-
erally during a tit of high passion, nn abusive word, an invec-
tive imprecation: Maledictum ese, si vere objicitur, vehe-
ments accusator8: sin falso, maledici con"iciatorn. Cie.
Convicium (VO:11) , properly, the wild screaming ol many
22-
558. Innoeens. 560. lnquietus.
together; henee the violent scream against sorne one, aecom-
panied with or eonsisting of reproaches and invectives, the
abusing of a person: M a l e die ti o nihil habet propositi,
prfR-ter eontumelillm: qUfR- si petulantius jaetatur, con-
vicium nominatur. Cic. - Injuriam facere, committing
a wrong, interfering with the rights, privileges of others;
Nocere, injuring, causing injury to another; Obcsse, be-
ing in the way, being a hindrance to another, opp. promoting,
injul'ing by hindrance: Alienum est a sapiente non modo in-
juriam eui facere, verum etiam noeere. Cic. Pudor is
_ foit in Grasso, qui non modo non obesset orationi,
sed et-iam probitatis eommendatione prodesset. Id.
558. INNocENs,- INNocuus, INNoxIUs, INsoNs, INTEGER.
Innoeens, properly, without injuriousness, he who does
nothing wicked, has no share in a crime, innocent and guilt-
less : In n o e e n s, si accusatus sit, absolvi potest. Id. In-
no euus, uninjurious, innocuous; active, incapable of injur-
rug, innocuous; and passive, uninjured, who has received no
injury: AVIlS, assuetum silvis innoeuumque genus. Ovid.
Sedere earinfR- omnes innocufR-. Virgo Inno:dus, free of
injury; active, uninjurious, harmless; passive, uninjured, not
exposed to danger: Anguis innoxius imo suceessit tumulo.
Virg., without injuring anybody. Sic condita faba a curen-
lionibus erit innoxia. Colum. Innocens, is the negative
of the action of injuring; Innocuus, continuation of the
state; Innoxius, indicates a quality. Insons (properly,
unsinful), innocent, guiltIess, upon whom the guilt of a pun-
ishable action does not rest: Quid Perseus, novus rex, omn8
injurifR- insons, meruit? Liv. Integer (tangere), blame-
less, spotless, respecting the moral state, righteous: Intege-r
vitfR- seelerisque purus. Hor. Integritatem atque inno-
centiam singula'cm esse oportet in eo, qui alterum accu-
seto Cic.
559. INNuPTus, INNuBus, CJELEBS. Innuptus, unmar-
ried, not yet ever having married; Innubus, remaining
without marriage, unmarried, inasmuch as it indicllfts a state,
110t only the negation of being married (in German, ehelos) ;
both used of women: Pueri in n u p t fR- que puellfR-. Virg'.,
Innuba permaneo. Ovid., the Cumrean Sibyl GfR-lebs,
- without matl'imony, of men; one who has never married, or
lost his wife, bachelor or widower: Pygmalion sine conjuge
-cfR-lebs vivebat. Ovid.
560. IRREquIETUS, ANXIS, SOLLICITUS. 1,,-
561. Inquit . . 563. Instare. 259
quietus, obsolete Inquies, restless, where we cannot get
settled, obtain quiet, and he who cannot settle or obtain quiet,
who is in continual activity: Lux noctem inquietam inse
ruta cst. Liv. Hispanorum inquieta avidaque in novas
res sunt ingenia. Id. Irrequietus, who never rests aficr
previous acti vity: Siderum ir r e q u i e t a semper agitatio
nunquam in eodem vestigio manet. Senec. Anxius, anxious:
His anxius curia bellum gessit Hamilcar. Liv.
desiderio anxius .flUi et pamitenaa crudelitatis sure. Id.
So llicitus (sollum- ciere), excited, agitated, disquieted:
Mare sollicitum stridit. Virgo Solliciti eramus de
tua valetudine. Cic.
561. INQUIT, AIT, DICIT. Inquit (in,-Gothic quithan,
speaking, saying; inquit, therefore, he speaks into, the con
versation; inquam, is conjunctive form), be says, says be,
and quite general as a formula of introducing words of ano
otber: Hoc libro quasi ipsos induxi loquentes, ne inquam
el in q u i t srepius interponeretur. Cic. A i t, be assures,
asserts, as a formula of citing tbe assertion of
another, wbich we cite by way of narration, and as contradis.
tinction to negat; he affirms. But if not only mere negation
and affirmation are opposed to- each otber, but whole affirm.
ing or negativing sentences, the words Dicit--":'negat are
used; besides this use, dicit is simply an indicating and
prefatory formula of citing tbe words of otbers: Ne faciam,
inquis,omnino versus1 Aio. Hor. Slhenium educunt:
a i;t n t ab eo literas publicas esse corruptas. Cic. Considius
ad Cresarem accurrit; di c i t, nwntcm, quem a Labieno occu
par voluerit, ab hostibus teneri. Creso
562. IN - EXSOMNIS, VIGIL. Insomnis, sleepless, he
who cannot sleep: Noctes non sine multis insomnis lacri .
mis agito Hor. Exsomnis, not sleepy, awake, that is,
sprightly, active, wbo allows no sleep to come into his eyes:
Mrecenas, vir, ubi res vigiliam exigeret, sane exsomnis.
Vellei. Vigil, watcbful, hence tbe watchman:
canum excubire. Hor. Milites oberrabant tentoriis, insom
nes magis, quam pervigiles. Tac. Tbe insomnis is
prevented from sleeping by disturbances, he is deprved of
sleep; tbe fU'BO mnis has no desire to sleep, because he is
oot tired; tbe fJigi 1 will not sleep, suppresses it, because it
is his will to be attentive and active.
563. INSTARE, URGERE, PREMERE, DEPRIMERB-. Itutue,
properly, standing upon something, being quite near in a
260
564. Instaurare. 565. I1I8titor.
hostile sense; being near at hand, of an event: Vicit hostia;
ferociter instat ftctiB. Liv. NO:1:, dies instat; Bruto
iter instabat et lllbitum et lortgum. Cie. Urgere, or
Urguere, harassing, violently and repeatedly
magna t1i hostes. Sallo Malis omniM argeri. Cie. Pr
mere, pressing: Pressit pede e:t:tmimem. Virgo .Aere ali
eno premio Cms. Deprimere, preasing down: Lanz: in
libra, ponderibus impositis, deprimitar. Cic. Improbitate
depressa t1eritas. Id. Instare, signifi.'a continued bar.
assing and pressing from above; Urgere, {rom in {ront, or
tbat whieh drives into great diffieulty; Premere, 80metbing
molesting; De p r i m e r e, something pressing to the ground,
and rendering useless aU resistan ce.
564. IN-llESTAURARE, RENOVARE, INTEGRARE, REDIN
TEGRARE, SARCIRE. Instaurare, holding a solemn pero
{ormanee in due form, eausing it to be held: Ludos t1otit108,
sacrificium. Instauremus novum de integro bellum. Liv.,
i. e. with aU {ormalities. Restaurare, reestablishing, II(I}.
emnizing again; only used with later writers: tJldem t1etustate
dilapsam. Tae., more eommon for this, is instaurare and re
stuuere. Re n o v a r e, renovating, making that which is old
new again, and beginning anew: bellum, memonam inter
mortuam. Cie. Integrare (tangere), making intact, i. e.
as if untouehed, i. e. completing, reestablishing in the former
sound state, rebeginning: Animus defesSUB audiendo, admi
ratione integratur. Cie. Equites, relictis equis, pro
vo1ant ate signa, et novam integrant pugnam. Liv.
Redintegrare, reestablishing something entirely: copias
deminutas, vires: Per enumerationem commonemus, quibus de
rebus t1erbafecerimus, breviter ut non redin
tegretur oratio. Ad Herenn. Sarcire, reestablishiog
something defective: acceptum detrimentum. Creso Discidit
vestem resarcietur. Ter.
565. INSTITOR, MERCATOR, NEGOTIATOR. Institor, a
merchant's servant, who for his master, or a pedler, who {or
himself, earries about, offers, and sells merchandise: In s t i-
t orad dominam t1eniet emacem, e:t:pedietque merces BUaI.
Ovid. Mercator, the merchant, who buys eommodities in
{oreign eountries and brings them home {or sale, and the
retailer, shopkeeper, whieh profession was {ollowed in Rome
by low people and manumitted slaves only: Sordidi putandi,
qui mercantur a me-rca,oribus, quod slati", "endant. Cie.
Negotiator. banker, who cames on monay transactioDa
566. In8trumentum. 568. Inleger. 261
and exehange business in the provinees, or who earries the
produce of his large esta tes to the capital for sale, as rieh
Roman lmights and plebeians did: Negotiatore8 putant
eS8e turpe, id forum sibi iniquum ejurare, ubi n e g o t i e n-
tur. Cie.
566. INSTRUMENTUM. SUPELLEX, VASA, UTENSILIA. In-
8trumentum, that which serves to put a thing in its com-
plete state, to arrange and establish it properly; tool, imple-
ments used as instruments or tools: Arationes conductas
magno in8trumento tuebalur. Cic. Implements for agri-
culture. Belli instrumentum et apparatus: instrumen-
ta virluti8. Id. Specific kinds are: Supellex, Gen. Su-
pellectilis (superleclus), properIy, the covers, blankets
(stragula) over the places of repose; furniture: Supelleil:
est domesticum patris familia instrumentum, quod neque
argento aurove facto, vel vesti adnumeretur. Pompon. Fuit
permagnum optimi pondus argenli, pretiosa ve8tis, multa et
lauta supellex. Cic. Vas, Ge,n. Vasis, a vessel, a uten-
sil, especialIy to eontain liquid, e. g. vinarium; plur. Vas a,
orum: Parare vestem egregiam, vas a pretiosa. Cie., drink-
ing vessels gene rally, plates, &c., aIso other utensils, e. g. of
a soldier: Jussi milites vasa colligere. Liv. Ulensilia,
every thing wanted or useful for the daily support, and, in
domestic economy, utensiIs and stores which are using:
Utensilia, lJuibus aut alitur hominum genus, aut etiam ex-
colitur. Colum. Exutus omnibus utensilibus miles. Liv.
567. INsuMERE, IlI1PENDERE, EROGARE: Insumere,
taking for sorne object, applying; it indicates the deaiination
of that whieh has been taken for a certnin object: Quaritur,
quibus rationibus vixerit (homo), quid sumtus in eam rem aut
laboris insumserit. Cie. Impendere, applying to, or
employing for; indieates the real use: Non operam, curam,
pecuniam impendent in eas re.', quas vobis gratas fore
1I0n arbitren/uro Cic. Eroga re, spending, paying out:
Pecunia in classem est e r o g ata. Cie. .
568. INTEGER, INCOLUI'tIlS, SALVUS, SANUS, SOSPES; So-
LIDUS, TOTUS DIES. In l e g e r, 558, yet untouehed, hale,
upon whieh nothing from without has had nny inftuenee,
neither for its advantage or disadvantage: Rudem me el in-
tegrum discipulum doce. Cie., ",ho has not yet learned any
thing; Re integra, when nothing in the matter has yet
been done; Integri milites difessis succedunl. Cres., sol-
diers yet unused, f'esh troops. Incol.mis, 64, uninjured,
569. InteUigere.
as good as in too previous good state: Ca!sar omnibu "ari-
bu ad unam incolumibus, milites expolmit. CIES. El
.. bem et cives integros incolumesque servavi. Cie.
Sal'Vus, safe, respectiog tbe existence, weH.placed, saved:
S a 1 v u m atque in col u m e m e1:ercitum, nulla omniM nave
duiderata, transdu:ci. Creso San"8, sound in body and
soul, feeliog weH, opp. a!grotus: Orandum e8t, ut Bit meftI
.ana in corpore 8ano. Juvenal. S08pe8, safely ellCaped
from daoger by divine assistanee: Vil: una 808pes navia
ah ignibus. Hor.-Integer dies, the wbole day, the en-
tire day wbieb les yet before us, on wbieb we have' done
Ilothing yet, tbe unbroken day, as it were: Dicimus inte-
gro siccimane die. Hor. Solidu8 die8, tbe whole, com-
plete day, at tbe entireness of wbieb notbing is wanting (a
solid day): Hodiernus die 8 8 o li d" 8 est; nemo e:e iUo
mihi quidquam eripuit. Senee. Totu8 die8, the whole
day, as to its duration, aH day: Toto8 die8 8cribo. Cic.
569. INTELLIGERE, PE&- CONCIPERE, CoMPREBENDBRB.
ntelligere, understanding, obtaining a elear, distinet, and
correet notion of a tbing: Explican mihi tuum consilium
plane 'VoUJ, 1It penitus intelligam. Cie. Percipere,
properly, to perceive and understand every thing whieh is
neoessary for tbe elearest possible idea of sometbilg: AriV
FtBCefJta percipere. Ce. Id si minus intelligitur,
quanta 'Vis amicitia! concordiaque Bit, C3: dissensionibus atque
dlcordiis percipi potest. Id. Concipere, taking to-
gether, by embracing aH: Terra concipit 8emina. Cie.,
receives; bence reeeving, forming a notion, an idea of some
thing, imagining something: Quod ita juratum est, ut men8
conciperet fieri oportere, id servandum esto Cie. Com-
prehendere, graspog together; wth the memory,obtain-
ing a proper impression, taking eare to remember; grasping
together, with tbe mnd, tbe marks of dstinetion of a thing,
to form an idea of it: Ha8 disputationes memoria compre-
hendamu8. Ce. Concludunt philo80phi, nihil esse, quod
M8Ci, percipi, comprehendi possit. Id. Noscere, be-
eoming aequainted wth, and tbus knowing a pbenomenon,
sometbing wbieh appears to us; percipere, perceiving,
eomprehending ita various marks of distinetion; compre-
hendere, uniting tbese marks of distinetion into one notion.
Di8cere, learning, obtaining by iostruetion knowledge,
ideas, notions, skll, wbieb so far we did not p09seSS: TmII
diu tli8Und"m m, quamdiu Reacias. Senee. DitHci
570. lnter.
&1: literi8 tuis, 1 have learoed, i .. e. seen from your letter;
intellexi, I have understood from it, by closer aUeD-
tion.
570. INTER,INT.RA, PER; IN TUS, INTRINSECUS, INTRO, IN-
TRORSUlII; INTER, SUPER CIENAlII; IN TER, PER lIIANUS. In-
ter, between, among, being in the row or series of several
otbers, or between two: Jura mona est nter Sequanos el
- Helvetios. Cres., and during, falling into the eourse of a
period, and moving along with this: Germani inter annos
XIV tectum non subierant. Creso In t r a, within a surrounded
or limited space: Qui regnat in t r a montem Taurum, is no"
solum in monte Tauro regnat, sed in his etiam regionibus,
qua Tauro monte clauduntur. Gell. Modice Me jaciam, aut
etiam intra modum. Cic. Of time within the limits of a
period, not going beyond them: Romani XL10ppida lEquo-
rwn intra dies L ceperunt. Liv. Per, througb,of place
and time, during, during a wbole period, uninterruptedly en-
during: Me pe r j o e u m divitilu orationis hahere dio
Cic., in joke,jocosely, of tbe fol'in; &pplicium-minatw in-
ter joeum Juerat. Suet., during the joke, of the ooration.
Tenuisti pravinciam per X annos a te ipso per vim el
per factionem datos. Cie., during-tbrougb force. Diu
XL V inter binos ludos tolluntur, per quos solosjudt-
ciumfieri posset. Id., between-during.-1nter, between,
i. e. in tbe centre, limited on several, at least two sides; 1 ...
tra, within, enclosed on allsides, opp. eztra; 1ntus, tberein,
in the inDer part, or in the centre of a space enclosed a11
round, inasmuch a.c somethiDg is in tbe same, goes thither 01"
comes theoce: Mamibus in patriis atque in ter tuta d07lUJ-
rum eon.ftri exspirant animoso Virgo Iliacos in t-r a mur".
pueatur et extra. Hor. Milites eztra et intus Mstem luz.
be1Jant. Cre:!., i. e. in castris. In portum naves introduxe-
nmt. Qua smul atque intus est itum, Auster in Ajriama
18 "mit. Id., there, in tbe most inDer port of the harbour.
Pult.a dum jores atque evocato aliquem intus ad te. Plaut.,
rrom within outward. 1ntrinsecus, tumed withio, to the
innel" part: Aviaria intrinseeu, et extrinsecus poliantur
opere tectorio. Colum. lntro, ioto, moviDg into the exte-
rior of an enclosed spot: lntrorsum, In trorsus, toward
within, directed toward this POiDt, either restiDg or moviDg in
thia direction: Ibo intro, atque intus subducam ratiuneu-
ltzm. Plaut. Hostem introrsum in media castra acciJriunt.
c..-Inter cmnam, during the eating and drinkmg,of
264 571. Intercedere. 572. Interesse.
sometbing tbat is brougbt into connexion witb the meal;
Super camam, at table, at dinner, while one lies nt table
(or sits), used of sometbing aeeidentally huppening at this
time: Hac inter canam Tironi dictavi. Cie. Tiberius
.olebat ex lectione quotidiana qutEStiones super canam
proponere. Supt. Inter manus, under the bands, when
several streteh their hands for it at the same time; Per
manus, from hond to hand, when one gives it to the other,
aod so 00: Inter manfLS e convivis, tamqfLam e pralio,
auferebatur. Cic. &xtius, gravibus acceptis vulneribus,
agre per manfLS tractus servatur. Creso Tradita per
manus religiones. Liv., handed down from father to sOO.
571. INTERCEDERE, INTERVENIRE. Intercedere, step.
ping between, and thus separating two things, or preveotiog
something; Intervenire, eoming between, eoming to a'
thing, by which something may happen to be prevented, m
peded, &c., intervening: Hostes non longius prosecutus est,
quod silva paiudesque int.,.cedebant. Creso De ltis rebus
senatus afLctoritas gravissima in ter c e s s i t; cu quum Cato
et Caninius intercessissent, tamen est perscripta. Cie.,
the tribunes of the people interfered with their veto against
the deerees of the senate. PIures cecidissent, ni nOIl: pradio
intervenisset. Liv.
572. INTEREssE, DIFFERRE, DISTARE; INTEREsT, REFERT.
Interesse, being betwecn, designates that whieh lies be
tween two things, by which they are distinguished from one
another; Differre, diffcring, relates to the subjects wbich
may be distinguished by their different qualities; Distare,
"tanding from one another, designates the clistanee, the dif
ference of two things: Inter ltominem et beluam It o e mall:me
interest, quod hac ad id solum, quod adest quodqlle prasens
est, se accommodat: ltomo autem facile lotius vita cursan,
videt. Cie., is this ehief difference. Quid est illud, quo po.
eta dfferunt ab oratoribus 1 Cie. Mirabile esl, quum
pZarimum in faciendo - i 11 ter s i t inter doclum et rudem,
quam non multum differat in judicando. Id., ho\V small a
differenee exists. Multum inter se di s tan t ista facultates
(senatoris atque oratoris), longeque sunt diversa atque se-
juncta. Id.-Interest, it is important, depends upoo, has
refererrceJo our own interest we feel in the subjeet; Refert,
to greater or less advantage, profit, utility: lVlagni mea in
terest, hoc tu.os omnrs scire. Cie. Non refert, quam
multos libros, sed quam bonos habeas. Senee.
573. 1nter:ficere. 574. 1nternuntifU. !l66
573. INTERFICRRE, CONFICERB, INTER-PERIMERE, Oc-
CIDERE, NECARE, ENECARE, TRUCIDARE, JUGULARE, OBTRUN-
CARE. 1nterficere, properly, causing that something per-
ish, and in this sense killing: Fer stabuli., inimicum ignBm,
atque interfice messes. Virgo Conficere,cutting
down of living and resisting beings: Postumum Agrippam
ignarum inermumque quamvis firm.atus animo centurio tegre
co nfe cit. Tae. 1nterimere, properly, taking away out
of the middle and earrying off; getting rid, i. e. killing, if
applied to animate objects which molest, or of other evils .
.Amulius stirpp,m fralris virilem interimit. Liv. Calo
ipse suis manibus se interemit. Hirt. B. Afr. Perimere.
getting rid entirely, annihilating, extinguishing the existence
of something: Lud non intermissi, sed pe r e m t i atque sub-
lati sunt. Cie. Si supremU3 ille dies perimit ac delet om-
nino. {d. Occidere, properly slaying, that is, killing by
blows; killing in general: Nullus modus est lwminis o e ci-
d e n d i, qua ille non a1iquot o ; ~ i d e r i t, multos ferro, multos
veneno. Cie. Ncare, killing. violently and purposely, witb
the additional idea of hardheartedness, want of feeliog: 'Dir-
gis ferroque. "Hor. 1mperii severitatem addit: igni atque
omnibus tormentis necat. Creso Encare, killing slowly
in the same manner: Octavia prafervidi balnei vapore ene-
catur. Tae. Specifie modes of depriving of life'are desig-
oated by: Trucidare, 122, cutting to pieees in a horrid
manner, murdering: 11lde non jam puglla, sed trucidatio
IJelut pecorum fier. Liv., earnage. Pleminius tribu7W8 mili-
tum verberatos, servilibusque fI1lInibus suppticiis cruciatos
trucidando occidit. Id. Jugulare, properly, killiog
by applying the means to the neek, throat, e. g. suem; in
general, murdering, dirking: Ut jugulent lwmines, sur-
(!Unt de nocte 1atrones. Hor. Obtruncare, surprising, and
thus kllng, assassinating: Tribunos militares inter epulas
o b t r u n e a n t. Sallo See Strangulare, Su./focare, 31:)0.
574. INTERNUNTIUS, INTERPREs, SEQUESTER. 1nterfl""-
tius, the messenger between' t\Vo partes, as negotiator: Al-
cibiades cum Pisandro pralore per iflternnntios collo-
quitur. Nep. 1nterpreB, the mediator, who endeavours to
settle dsputed points between two partes: Hac non per
amicoB atque interprete,s, sed palam agebat. Cie.; hence,
the interpreter, explainer: Nec verbum 'Derbo reddere cura-
bis fidus interpre8. Hor. Sequester, one with whom
mooey was deposited by two Iitigating parties, in order to
23
2G6 575. Interpolare. 576. Interrogare.
pay it over to whom the sentenee of the eourt should legally
assign it; also, one who aeted as go-between, in cases of
bribing judges or at eleetions: S e q u e s ter a sequendo fac-
tum est, quod ejus, qui electus sit, utraque pars jidem sequa-
tur. Gell.
575. INTERPOLARE, INTERLINERE, CORRUMPERE, VITIARE,
ADULTERARE, TRANsseRIBERE. Interpo lare, giving a new
appearallce to a thing by dressing it up anew, e. g. togam;
, falsifying a document by erasures and additions, not easily to
be deteeted: Hoc modo iste sibi prospexit, referendo in tabu-
las, quod gestum non esset, toUendo, quod esset, et semper
aliquid demendo, mutando, interpolando. Cie. Inter-
writing between; in documents, writing a word be-
. tween' others imperceptibly, striking out: Totum ltoc nomen
.e&t in 1 i t u r a; quid fuit istic antea scriptum 'J Cie. e o r-
rumpere and Vitiare, 281, falsifying, adulteratin'g, eor-
rupting, vitiating in general. Adulterare, spu-
rious or bad substanees with tb.e genuine, and thus errupting,
e. g. nummos; more rarely usedof documents. Trans-
scribere, imitating by writing, falsifyillg by eopying:
Transscripsit tabulas. publicas, quum cltirographum Sez
-.,-primorum imitatus est.. Cie.
576. INTERROGARE, ROGARE, QU.iERERE,
SCISClTARl, SCITARI. The interrogator announces his inten-
tion by QUaJro, I ask, pronouneed with emphasis, if he de-
sires more aeeurate information on the spot, or if he means
to bring the interrogated person to a eonfession; Rago, 1
nsk, if he addresses. his questioll to the good will of the per-
son interrogated; Interrogo, if he addresses himself to bis
understanding, hence, in conversation, ir the object is mutual
communication; Pereontari, obsolete Pereunetari, in-
quiring, expresses the question of one who desircs infonnation
respecting so'lething not, or not sufficiently, known to him ;
Seiscitari, rarer Scitari, desiring to know something,
endeavouring to learn by inquiry, of the desire of knowledge
as well as curiosity, which, following up an interesting subject,
makes more and more penetrating queries, tracing or follow-
ing up questions, questioning: Me nema adltuc rogavit,
num quid in Sardiniam vellem: te, puto, sa!pe habere, qui :
numquid Romam velis, q u aJ r a n t. Cie. Racilius me primum
stmtenliam ro g a vi t. Cie. Visne, ut tu me GraJee soles or-
dine interrogare;sic ego te vicissim eisdem de rebus La-
tine interrogem 1 Id. Ego Masinissam de suo regno,iUe
577. lnve,ire. 679. Inviaia.
267
me de nostra re publica percontatu8 est. Id. Confusam
filiam quum pater forte vidisset, percunctatus, sati,,'
salva 1 elicuit comiter sciscitando, ut fateretur causa".
- aoloris. Liv. Non te id scitari, qualem ego in inveniendo
IUmmum esse oratorem vellem, sed id mihi qu,arere
bare, quod genus ipsius orationis optimum judicarem. Cie.
577. INvENIRE, REPERmE, NAN&SCI, OFFENDERE, DE-
l'REHENDERE. Invenire, happeninlllo meet with sometbing
which lies in tbe way, or finding by searebing, inventing and
finding out: Q/lod quaritabam, jiliam in'veni meum. Ter.'
Prasidia contra feras in ven i r e. Cie. Re pe r i r e (pa-
rere), finding something whieh exists alceady, but has not yet
been known, finding out, discovering: Eo projiciscitur cum
legionib/lS: locum re pe r i t natura aique opere munitum.
Creso Nancisci (naco, in German nahen, i. e. nearing,
approaebing), properly, eoming, getting near; obtaining,
getting, possessing oueselves of a thing after endeavour:
Feras beluas nanciscimur venando. Cie. Occasionem
reperire, finding an Oppl'tunity, whieh exists already, but
must be improved, seizing upon it; nancisci, meeting with
un opportuuity whieh happens to present itself; by the addi-.
tional idea of approach, it differs feom Assequi and Adipisci,
115. Offendere, properly, stum,bling upon something
lying aeross; bappening to meet with sometbing, unexpeet-
edly finding: Non offendes eundem bonorum senlUm, quem
reliquisti. Cie. De p r e h e n d e r e, on the spot,
surprising in the very faet: In aliquo maniJesto scelere de-
prehensus. Cie. .
578. INVICEI\I, VICISSIM, MUTUO. Inv'cem and In vi-
cem, for exehange, alternately, i. e. if several aetions follow
upon one anotber, direetly ebanging, or if one action takes
the place ofanother, instead: Dicamus invicem audiamus-
que. Liv. DeJatigatis in vicem integri succedunt. Creso
Vicissim, again, in a similar manner, as the otber has done
sometbing befo re: Hanc veniam petimusque damusque 11 i-
cissim. Hor., namely, when it will be our tucn to requite
the aet of kindness by a similar one. Mutuo, 63, mutually,
when two do the same to one another; Fac valeas 1neque
mutuo diligas. Cie.
579. INVIDIA, INVIDENTIA, LIVOR; INVIDUS, INVlDIOSUS.
JEMuLUS. I7L vid i a, the dislike at the advuntages oc supe-
riority of otbers; envy, as fault, active and passive ; In v i-,
el i a. non in eo, qui invidet, solum dicitur, sed etiam in 60,
580. Invitare. 582. InuUus.
cui invidetur. Cie. Excellentium civium virlus imitatione
digna est, non in vid i a. Id.; passive, hatred, discontent
with sorne one: Sullanus ager, a certs hominibus lalissime
continuatus, magnam habet invidiam. Cie. Invidentia,
theenvying, as quality, by whieh the vice of envy manifests
itself: In vid en tia agritudo est ex altenus rebus secundis.
Cie. L iv o r, properlll. the leadlike or bluish color caused
by contusion, IividnessJlltl!-le envy, in the highest degre.e of
pass ion : Summa malevolentia- el livore impediuntur. Cic
....... Inv idus, envious against sorne one, grudging: In'/} idu.
alterius macrescit rebus opimis. Hor. Invid'iosus, full of
envy, active: Invidiosa vetustas, onmia destruens. Ovid.;
passive, envied, hated: Fuit invidiosa senatus potentia.
Cic., the English invidious. JEmulus (see 532), one who
with ilI.feeling observes the advantages or preference of
others, whieh he might enjoy himself; emulous, rival: JEfAU-
ZtI. mearum laudum exstitit. Cie., or who sees with ,displeas-
Uta sueh advantages as he possesses himself, jealous: Mise.
MfIn amulus 7riton spumosa immerserat unda. Virgo
580. INVITARE, ILLICERE, PROLECTARE, INESCARE, DBLE-
NIRE. Invitare, inviting, calling upon, in a friendly way,
fOI participation: Benigne salutare, domum invitare. LiT.
IlU e e r e, by allurements, charms: Eos ad bellum 8ptl8 rapi-
namm illexerat. Sall, Prolectare, inducing the bash-
fuI, retiring person to come forth: Adolescens homines egentes
et leves, ne sibi adversentur, spe legationis et viatico publico
prolectat. Cie. Inescare, decoying the inexperienced:
Animalia cibo inescantur. Petron. Nos caci, specie pam
benejicii, inescamur. Liv. Delenire, winning by hlan-
.dishments, flattery, or eUllning, the resisting, gaining: homi-
ftum animos prada, pretio, oratione benigna. Cic.
681. INVITUS
l
COACTUS. Invitus, dislikingly, yet if we
conquer our own dislike against something unpleasurable,
reluetant; e o a c t u s, forced, if we are compelled to perform
something not by our own free resolution, hut by the authority
of sorne one else: Solus sapiens nihil facit in vi t u s, nihil
dolens, nihil coactus. Cio. _
582. INULTUS, IMPUNITUS. Inultus, unavenged, if the
offended party has not obtained satisfaction ror the suffered
injury; Impunitus, if the eviIdoer does not
suffer that punishment whICh he deserves: ]farcius excitabat
manipulares, ne inultos impera/ores suos jacere Bnerent.
Liv. Tibi uni direptio sociorum impunita fuil ac libera
.............
583. Invocare. 585. Ira. '269
Cie. Id agis, ut eelerorum quoque injuriIB sint impunittB
atque inultIB. Id.
583. INVOCARE, IMPLORARE. Inv oeare, invoking sorne
one, directing the call to his person: Deos testes, Deorum
opem. Implorare, imploring with tears and urgeDtly for
aid: Vestram imploro fidem, qui auditis elamorem meum,
erte suppetias. Plaut. ..
584. Jocus, JOCI, JOCA, LUDICRUM; Jo.,
COSUS, JOCULARIS, RIDICULUS, LUDICRUS. Jo eus (jvare,
jvenis), the jest to laugh at, and the joke, fun, for serene
and happy entertainment; in the plural, Jo ei, certain definite
jests; Jo e a, jokes in general: Sed mehereules, extra jo eum,
homo bellus esto Cic., joke apart, otherwise remoto j o e O.
Horatium .Augustus sope inter alios jo c o s homuncionem
lepidissimum appellat. Suet. Quam multa j o e a solent esse
in epistols. Cic. Ludus, the game, sport, as pleasing occu
pation for recreatioo: Lu d o et j o e o uti lieet tum, quum
gravbus seriisque rebus satisfeeerimus. Cic. Lud, public
games io Rome; Circenses, races in the chariot; &enici,
theatrical; Gladiatorii, in amphitheatres. Lusus, play,
playing, as the state of him w'ho plays: Puer Iearus lusu
8UO patris impediebat opus. Ovid. Ludierum, a specifie
game, as entertainment, play: Nune versus et eetera ludi-
era pono. Hor., trilles. Ludierum uit in Circo maximo
equi pugilesque. Liv.-Joeosus, fuIl of fun, that which
gives a good deal to laugh at, sermo. Joeularis, belong-
ing to those things which entertaio others, amusiog: Jo eu-
lar e istud quidem est, et a mults sope der8um. Cie. R i-
di eulus, laughable, that which causes-Iaughing, that whieh
is to be laughed at, worthy of nothing belter, ridiculous:
Inveni ridieula et salsa multa GrIBcorum. Cie. Sicinius,
homo mpurus, sed admodllm ridieulus. Id. Ludierus
(not extant in the nomo sing. mase.), that which ia done for
eotertainment, amusement, amusiog: .Ars ludiera armo
rum el gladiatori et militi prodest aliquid. Cic. (not ludio
clOus).
585. IRA, INDIGNATIO, INDIGNITAS, IRACUNDIA, EXCAN-
DESCENTIA, BILIS; IRACUNDUS, STOMACHOSUS. Ira, ire,
wrath, rage, the violent emotion or affection produced by the
, wroog alld injuries whieh others have committed aguinst us,
and which incites to revenge: IrIB, in the plural, the different
manifestations of ire in several individuals: Ira est libid'
pomiendi ejtts, qui videatur ltUisae Ce. Qua,.
23-
170 586. lre.
lIIinimum irarum inter nos illosque relinqui "81",,. Liv.
Indignatio, indignation, anger at unworthy, indecorous
things: Sl natura negat, fact indignatio ver",,,,. Juve-
nal. Indignitas, unworthiness, indecorous deportment,
indecorousness, as cause of indignatio; stands likewise for
displeasure, irritation at something: Patres indignitattJ
rerum ces,erant in a . Liv. Indgnital, alque ~ ea
ira animos cepit. Id. " Ira, is passing; Iracundia, iras-
cibility, tbe lasting disposition to be wrathful, quick-tempered,
eholeric; and also the violent anger, ire, which brenks forth
into revengeful passion, heat of passion: Pree iracundia
non BUm apud me. Ter. Excandescentia, the getting
into a passion: E x can d e s c e n tia est ira nascem et modo
e:ristens. Cic. Bilis, bile, choler, the anger which disturba
and excites more within than manifesting itself in fits, erup-
tions of passions: B i l e m id commovet latoribus legis. Ce.
-Iracunl,us, of hot, quick, -passionate temper, e. g. leo:
Ariovistus homo barbarus, iracundus, tem81"ariru. Ces.
Stomachoslts, wbo has a touchy stomach, tbat is, because
tbe ancients beleved this to be the seat of choler, cross, ill-
tempered, of angry t m p r ~ Stomachosiores meas literal
quas dicas esse, non intelligo. Cie.
586. !RE, GRADI, GRASSARl, lCEDERE, VADERE, MEARE,
PERGERE, SCANDERE, CON -IN - E - ADSCENDERE, Ex-
SCENSlONEM FACERE. Ire, going, in general: pedibru, equis,
trans mare; Incipit res melius ire, quam putaram. Cic.
Gradi, stepping, designates tbe equa\ extending or stretch-
iog of the legs, the equal, measured, firm step; aod Gras-
,ari, moviog along with equal steps, stalking; 'lcedere,
192 (properly, parting along, i. e. leaving space behind),
walking along, the manner of walking and carriage of a "man ;
Vadere, wandering, the striving rapidly forward, onward,
without allowing ourselves lo be detained by obstacles; Me-
are, walking allthe time,continually, indicates tbe uniform
eourse in a certaill path, direetion; Pe r g e r e (111l6{,lElJ'), go-
ing away, hastening away, the pursuing of one's object or
aim without resting; Scandere, the lifting the feel and
firmly placing them, in order to rise or deseend by iteps one
aboye the other, walking or going' with referenee to aseent
or deseent (in German steigen): Gallus gallinaceus gra,H ..
tur ardua cervice. Plin. Ani1llus ad gloriam virtttt ""
grassatur. Sallo Ast ego, qUI1l divom incedo regifUJ.
V llg. Va d un t in prcelium et locum, UJ quo cesllertmt.,...
587. Ita. 588. Itaque. 271
petunt. Liv. Docebat Pythagoras, qua sidera lege mea-
r e n t. Ovid. Concessum eBt, ad castra uti contendant. Qua
re concessa, lcet ad castra pe r g u n t. Creso Victorem Tar
peias scandere in arces Roma videbit. Ovid. Conscen.
dere, ascending, when we arrive upon the ascended tbing
itself (in German besteigen, as if we had a word be.walking,
or be.scending); Inscendere, ascending and going in,
entering (we might have inscending); Escendere, aseend.
ing, both as ascending a mountain and for rising; A d s c e n
dere, Ilscending, up to a given height: Pompeim navem
frumentarium conscendit. Creso Mihi navem paro: in.
8 c e n d o, ut eam rem Naupactum ad herum numiem. Plaut.
In navem omnibus ignotus adscendit. Nep. Constabat,
Eumenem, ut sacrijicaret Apollini, Delphos adscensurum.
Liv. Legati Delphos quum eBcendissent, oraculum adie.
rum. Id. Exscensionem facere, stepping on shore,
landing (never IlXBeendere): Philippus rex
sex profectus ad Erythras lEtolorum escensionem fe.
cit. Liv.
587. ITA, SIC. Ita (is, id), thus, so, points at something
present in the mind, something thought: Sic, thus, so, at
something in relllity before us, something in the sensual
world: Est, judices, ita, ut dicitur. Cic . Heus tu, Dore,
cape hoejlabellum, et ventulum huic Bie facito; dum lavamus.
Ter., showing to tbe eunuch bow he ought to fan.
588. ITAQUE, IGITUR, ERGO; Eo, IDEO, IDCJRCO, PROP
TEREA, PROINDE"; QUARE, QUAl'IlOBREIIf, QUAPROPTER, QUO.
CIRCA. a. Sentences or parts of sentences which express
consequences or conclusions derived or founded upon precedo
ing notions, and are acknowledged as true, either as neces-
sary conclusionll or consequences, or at the same time, accord.
ing to our judgment, are united to their preceding part of the
&enlence by the demonstrative particles Itaque, Igit",r,
Ergo, hence, tberefore, consequently, now: Itaque has
reference 10 the conclusion, as founded in the fact; [gitur
refera to that which precedes, as absolutely necessary; Er.
go shows the obligatlOn of conviclion that the drawn conclu
sion II correet: Hecuba omnia mala ingerebat, quemquem
ad'Pexerat. Itaque adeo jure capta appellari est Can".
Plaut. S t a p h Y 1 a: Ligna hic apud nos -nulla sunt. C o c i :
&nt aBBeres1 St.: Sunt poI. Co.: Sunt igitur ligna;
fUI qv.ceras foNs. Id. Albano non plus animi erat, qr.uzm
Jtki. nec maJler6 ergo, nee trannre aperte flUBtU,.enria ad
272 598: Item. 590. Iter.
montes succedit. - b. In demonstrative minar poeit.iODll, in
wbich a certain state of things is mentioned 8S a cOOBeqoence
of a reason or cause at which we point by a particle, Eo (for
ea re), and more emphaticalIy Ideo, therefore, bence, pointa
at a course directly influencing, and as the sole cause; Id-
circo,on this account, points at circumstances as causes of
a state of tbings, inasmuch as the moving agency of the same .
is drawn.into particular aecount ; Propterea, tberefore, on
tbis account, points at tbe nearness of such moving causes ;
Proinde, bence, therefore, points at the proper, correet re-
lation in which tbe consequence or effect stands to its re8sOQ
or cause: Hoc anno pestilentia foit. eo nihil dignum memo-
ria actum. Liv. Verres, quod ubique erit pulcherrimum,
auferet '1 id ci r c o nema superiorum attigit, ut iste tolleret '1
ideo C. Claudius Pulcher retulit, ut C. Verres posset au-
ferre'l Cic. Quia mihi est natalis dies, propterea te
vocari ad camam volo. Plaut. Duces barbarorum pronun-
tiari jusserunt, illis re.servari, quacunque Romani reliquia-
sent: p r i n d e omnia in victoria posita existimarent. Cres.
- c. In active minor positionll, which contain a consequence
or effect and refer tbis oock to a reason given in the ante-
cedent, the following relative particles are used: Quare,on
which account, by, through which, if the given reason is to.
be considered the means or as existing secondary circum-
stancej Quamobrem, on which account, if the given reason
is meant to be taken as a general motive; Quapropter, on
account of which, if this renson is to be considered as a near
motive, Iying c10se at hand ; Quocirca, on whicli account,
why, ir the effective agent is to be indicated as Iying in the
circumstances, which are given as reason: Alcibiades et po-
tentior et major, quam privatus, existimabatur. Quare
fiebat, ut omnium oculos ad se converteret. Nep. Thas eps-
tolas quum lego, emergt rursum dolor. Quamobrem ob-
seCTO te, mi Tite, eripe mihi hunc dolorem aut minue saltem.
Cic. Stoici fortitudinem virtutem esse dicunt propugnantem
pro aquilate. Quocirca nemo, qui fortitudinis gloriam
consecutus est insidiis et malitia, laudem est adeptus. Id.
589. ITEM, ITIDEM. Item, in the same manner, just so,
alsoj with increased force, I ti d e m, precisely so, entirely
so: &lis deJectiones i t e m que luna pradicuntur in multos
annos. Cic. Ea qua movent sensus1l0stro8, itdem movent
omnium. Id. -
590 . ITER, VIA, MEATUS, ACTus, SEMITA, CALLlS, TBA-
591. Juba. 273
MES, ANGIPORTUS; ITER, VIAM FACERE, VIAM r.WNIRE.
lter (ire, itu1n),.tbe walk wbich we tnke, make toward a
place, march, journey: 1 ter pedillus conficere. Cic., and
hence tbe walk or road, in as far as it leads, goes to a place:
Erant omnino itinera u o ~ quillus itineribus Helvetii
domo erire possent. Creso Via (obsolete Vea, Veha, from
vehere), tbe road for vebicles, road, way, street: Via Appia.
Dejotarus rez persape revertit ex itinere, quum jall pro-
gressus esset multorum dierum viam. Ce., a journey whch
had required many days; but novem i ~ r u m itero Cres.;
nine days' journeys. Meatus (see 586), the path on which
a moving body passes along in its regular course, with the
additional ideas of the narrow and hollow: Danubius in Pon-
ticum mare &ex meatibus erumpit. Tac. Actus, a field-
way, a way for cattle, also a fieldroad for vebicles: lter
est, qua qua pedes vel eques commeare potest: A c t u s vero,
ah et armenta trajicere et vehiculum ducere liceat. Digg.
Semita (se-meare), a foot.path in streets and lanes, the
part for passengers: De v i a in s e m ita m degredere. Plaut.
eallis, a narrow path over hills and mountains, especially
a mountain path only used by the caule, &e., cow.path:
Nos hic pecorum modo per astivos saltus deviasque calles
exercitum ducimus. Lv. Tr.ames (t.rans-meare), a path,
a cross.path near a large Toad, for foot.passengers, on which
one may come shorter and less observed to the desred place:
Uti per t r a m i t. e s occulte perfugeret in Galliam. Sallo
Ang'iportus, Gen. us, and Angiportum, Gen. i, a nar-
row passage between two houses, a narrow lane: Id quidem
angiportum non est pervium. Ter. - lter fa'cere,
making a journey, designates the mavement towardthe place
of destination: lter ad te in Apuliam facere capi. Ce.
Vi a m fa c e r e, walking in the street: Ad senem etiam alte-
ram facias viam. Plaut., and making way, opening one:
Virginius ferro, quacunque ibat, viam facere, donec aa
portam perre:tit. Lv. Viam munire, paving a road,
breaking a Toad: Appius ille Cacus viam munivit, qua
populus uteretur. Ce.
591. JUBA, CRISTA. Juba, tbe mane, comb, plumes, or
har and featbers on the top of tbe bend, and on the neck, ir
they hnng down, e. g. leonis, equi; Cri s t a, the comb, plu-
mage on the head of birds, and the crest on the helmet, ir
the feathers ar hnirs stand up: Gallinaceorum j ti b lB per
colla cervicesque in humwros diflUslB. Calum. Gallinace-
....
274 592. Judicare. 594. Jurare.
orom sublime.& sanguineaque nec obliqua crista. Id. Galea
cristis decora. Virgo
592. JUDlCARE, DIJUDICARE, JUDICIUJlI FACERE, JUDICATIO,
JURISDICTIO; JUDIClUM DARE, REDDERR, EXERCERE, FACERE.
Judicare, judging, in thought and orally: Id ita perspi.
cwm est, ut oculis judicare possitis. Cic. Dijudicare,
dividing two things, by one's judgment, deciding, distinguish-
ing: Non dijudicatur amor veros et fictus. Cie.
Judicium facere, forming a judgment, opinion, inasmueh
as one is eapable of doing it, genernlly giving a favorable
opinion ofsome one: Ut primum per atatem judicium fa-
cere potuisti. Cie. Legio Casari gratias egit, quod de se
optimum judicium fecisset. Creso - Judicatio, the
opinion of a thing; in legal matters, the ehief poiot io a litio
gation: J ud i c a ti!} est, qua ex infirmatione, et confirma-
tione rationis (i. e. causa) nascitur controversia. Cie. J ..
risdictio, the admioistratioo of justiee, whieh was io the
hands of the prretors in Rome and io the provinees, but only
in civil actions, beeause io these they proceeded aecording to
their ediets; they directed publie proeesses (causa niblica)
pro imperio: An MC dubitabit quisquam, Verres veaa-
km in Sicilia jurisdictionem habuerit, qui llomm tol"",
edictum atque omnia decreta t'endiderit 1 Cie. - J ud i c i u '"
dare, reddere, granting aod instituting a legal inquiry,
trial,.is said of a prretor, who gave the formula for the first
steps and the adjouroment of ao aetion, aod appointed the
judges j for the prretor did oot decide himself either io judi-
ciis privatis or in publicis ordinariis s. quastionibus perpe
tuis, but had the faet decided by sworn judges, Judicium
exercebat, and afterwards pronouneed the judgmeot given
by them (dicebat sc. jus, s. sententiam). Judi cium facere,
is said of the judges, if they give a legal opioion on the faet
before them, giving a verdict: Gravia judicia pro rei
publica dignitate, multa de conjuratorum scelere fecistis.
Cie.
593. JUNGERE, SOCIARE. Jungere (jugum) , uniting,
joining, so that several appear as a whole: Navibus junc-
ti 8 pontem imperant fieri. Creso S Q c i a r e, making one a
partner, associate, ally: Homines conjurare aut sociari
facinoribus noluerunt. Liv.
594. JURARE, DEJERARE. Jurare, Bwearing: Magna
V(lce juravi verissimum jusjurandum. Cie. Dejerare
and lJejurare, daring, plaeing one's existeoee at stake by
595. JurisconsultUl. 596. Jus. 275
an oath, if it be not true; firmly asseverating: Per omnu
deos et deas dejura,vit, occisurum eum hac nocte, quicum
cubaret. Plaut.
595. JURISCONI!lULTUS, JURISPERITUS, LEGULEIUS. Juris-
c071Sultus and J ureconsu ltus, Ihe learned jUJ;ist, who is
asked respecting law cases, and gives his opinion, counsel :
Est domus j U'ri s con s u 1 ti totius oraculum civitatis. Cic.
Jurisperitus, the experienced person in the knowledge of
law and legal procedures; Leguleius, a legal pedant, who
atudies but the etter of the law, not the philosophy of the law,
as a public orator and sound juriat ought to do: Leguleius
quidam cautus et acutus, praco actionum, cantor formularum,
auceps syllabarum. Cic.
596. Jus, JEQUITAS, JUSTITIA; LEX; FAS j Jus DICE RE,
Jus, DE JURE RESPONDERE. Jus, the right, that which is
aeeording to law, as subjeet of the administration of justice,
and demanding striet attention and obedienee; lE q ui t as
and lEquum, fairness, equity, which brings the use we make
of our rights and privileges and our duties into harmony, and
moderates, tempers the strictness of the law, espeeialIy by
llUmanity: Galba multa pro aquitate contra jus dicere.
Cie. Justitia, justiee, aecording to whiehwe satisfy our
duties: without yielding up our rights or those of others:
Justitia est /tabilus animi, communi utilitate conservata,
suam cuique tribuens dignitate.m. Cic. - J u s, right, as the
authorization of aetion founded in nature, on lawand custom,
and as the aggregate of a\l binding laws, law j L ex, a law,
or binding precept of superior authority, for aetlons of free
agents i it is a speeies of the genus J us: Natu,ra j us est,
quod quadam innata vis inseruit, ut religionem, pietatem,
gratiam, vindicationem, obserl'antiam, veritatem. Cie., henee
suo jure, rightfuUy, in virtue of his personal right j jus gen-
tium, international law, the aggregate of all the rights, cus-
toms, and obligations sanctioned by common consent and
long usage; jus civile, eivillaw, aH the positive laws, which
every citizen of a state has to follow: Hoc si mi1tU8 ci vi li
jure perscriplum est, lege tamen natura, communi jure
gentium sancilum est, ut ni/til mortales a diis usu capere
possint. Cie.-Jus, right, that which is right and permitted
according to human laws; Fas (fari), divine law, that
whieh is right before God, hence also according to natural
law: Quod e.orum judicum major pars judicavit, id jus
ratumque esto. Cie. Sanctis Ms ora resolvere fas est Ma.
....
276 597. JUBjurandum. 598. Juxta.
nibus. Virg.-Ju8 dicere, deeiding aeeording to law, giv-
ing sentence, is only used of the prretor, gene rally, in as far
as he administered" his offiee, in doing whieh he used the
words do, dico, addico, and espeeially when he gave judg-
ment or sentenee: Siculi di3:erunt, 8e Verri pecuniam 06 j a"
dicundum dedu8e. Cie. Jus, De jure respondere,
giving a legal opinion,of a Jurisconsultus, 595. Se ad jas
respondendum dare: Rutilius magnum muaUS de jure
respondendi sustinebat. Cie.
597. JUSIURANDUM, lURAMENTUDI, SAeRAMENTUlII. Jas-
jurandum, rarely Juramentum, the oath by whieh we
strengthen our assertion as being in accordnnee with truth;
Sacramentum, oath, by whieh one subjeets himseIf to the
avenging gods, if tbe pro mise should be broken; henee the
oath of tideIity, whieh the soIdiera were obliged to take OD
their being enIisted: J u s j u r a n d u m est affirmatio religiosa.
Quod autem affirmate, quaB deo teste, promueris, id tmen-
dum esto Cie. Aliquem obligare militia sacramento. Ce.
Sacramentum dicere apud aliquem. Cres., and Sacra-
mento dicere alicui. Liv.
598. JUXTA, INSTAR; SECUNDUM, PROPTER. Juxta (juJt-
gere), by a thing, by the side, c10se by: Furiarum mtlZU1M
juxta adcubat. Virg., henee, just so, as good as, of similar-
ity ofkind and mode of eireumstanees: Juxta kieme atque
lBState bella gerere. Liv. Instar (belongs to kistrio), sorne-
thing whieh beara n remarltable or striking )i!teness to some-
thing else, and may be eompared lo it j a form, nn image,
pieture, in Virgil only of objeets wbieh aUraet mueh atten-
tion; in tbe Aeeusative, after tbe image, i. e. as great, as
Fas, like, used of similarity of outward marks and qual-
lties: Volat atri turbinis in s t a r exitium dirum hasta fe-
rens. Virgo Accepi epistolam, qua volllminis instar erat.
Cie. - J ux t a, as preposition, very elose by: Atticus sepul-
tus est juxta vi"am Appiam. Nep. Juxta deo8, in tua
manu positum e8t. Tae., nearest to the gods, i. e. after the gods.
Secundum, designates a following, partly aeeording to the
longitudinal extension of a body, along: lter secun"dum
mare faciunt. Cie., partly immediately afier, c10se behind
something,next after: Proxime e.t secundum deos "MIli-
Re8 kominibus m4Xme utiles esse possunt. Cie., benee, afier,
eonsistently, agreeably, eonformnbly 10: Secundum 4rbio
trium tuum testes dabo. Id. Propter (prope) near,
coming near, in the neighbourhood, as contradistiJJguiahed
599. LabeJacere. 600. Labes. 277
from the distanee, expresses the mode and manner; prope,
however, only the loca lit y : Adolescentia voluplates prop-
ter intuens magis jortasse latalur, sed delectalur eliam se-
nectus procul eas spectans. Cie. Fluvius Eurolas propter
Lacedamonem fluit. Id., pretty near.
L.
599. LABEFACERE, LABEFACTARE, CONVELLEHE, QUATERE,
QUASSARE, CONCUTERE. Labejacere, making that wbieh
is firm loose, shaking; Labejactare, doing tbe same vio-
lently, with repeated blows: Omnes dentes labejecit miMo
Ter. Demolri signum ac vectibus labejaetare eonanlur.
Cie. Leges ae jura labejaelat. Id. Con'vellere, tear-
ing off, separating with violenee firmly united things, by tear-
ing and blows, e. g. repagula valvarum: Milites veelibus
nfima saxa turris, quibus fundamenta eontinebantur, con-
vellunt. Cres. Qtlatere, making vibrate, and unsettling
by pereussion, by sbaking and blows; Quassare, shaking
frequently and violently, giving shocks: Qu a t ere in aere
pennas. Ovid. Carlhaginis mamia quatit ariete. Liv.
Quassat eaput. Plaut. Conetere, shaking by coneus-
sion: Terra ingenti concussa motu esto Liv. Te ipsum
C011cute. Hor., examine thyself, inquire into thysclf.
600. LABES, MACULA, NOTA, NEVUS. Lbes (llih),
properly, the falling together, downfall j the spot, stain by
which something beeomes soiled, spoiled, the spot caused by
something shameful (as we use the word in spotless char-
aeter): Sit sine labe toga. Ovid. Macula, a speek, whieh
is distingllished by a different color from the rest of a surfaee,
whether this be by way of embellishment or disgrace: Va-
ria tigres maculis. Plin. Maculas e veste eas nonnm
urina ablui. Id. Delenda vobis esl illa macula, Mithrida-
tico bello superiore suscepta. Cic. N o t a, the mark of dis-
tlDetion, mark, by whieh we make an objeet to be kno\Vn and
distinguished from others of the kind, or by which \Ve our-
selves wish to remember something: Sonos vocs literarum
no ti s terminare. Cie. Omnibus insignis no ti s lurpitudi- -
nis. Id. Navus (obsolete GnOJUB, from gignere),an exeres-
cenee of the body, a wart, a mole: N av us in arliculo
pueri delectat AIC4lUm. Cie.
24
601. Labium. 602. Labor.
601. LABlUM, LABRUl\I, LABELLUl\I. Lbium, tbe 110
cient form, more common Labrum, the lip, the rim of a
deep vessel, and the latter tself, e. g. for bathing: Sene:e iR-
cwvus, labiis demiasis. Ter. Tantulus a labri, fugi-
entia captat flumirta. Hor. Labrum si in balineo non "'.
ul sit. Cic. La b e II u m, a little lip and a small vessel, the
basin: Platoni in cunia dormienti apea in 1 a b e Z ti s conse-
deront. Cic.
602. LABOR, OPUS, OPERA; ..ERUMNA, MOLESTIA, DOLOR;
LABORARE, OPERAM DARE, NAVARE, ELABORARE, LUCUBRARE,
ELUCUBRARE. Labor, 549, the labor, as fatiguiog exertjon:
Se ea: labore reficere. Cres. Opus, 109, the work, as pro-
duce of practice, skill, of the practised workman, artificer:
Habeo opus magnum in manibus. Cie. Opera, the activo
ity, used to produce a work (opus), the pans we take, labor,
in as far as it indicates this: Quod in opere faciundo ope
ra consumia tUte. Ter. lo Opera, is intention and free
resolution; in Opus, this is not considered in the least, bence
it is used of animals too; but of gods, Op e, e. g. Deo",.
ope opu.s esto Liv.-Labor, the toil, hardship, misery, in
asmuch as we resist and labor through: Vir forti&simv.tl
m ~ i s variiaque perfunctu.s laboribus. Nep. AlruJllna,
poverty, misery, connected with grief: ..Erumna s ~ cegri-
tudo laboriosa. Ce. Uhi virtus est, ibi esse miseria el
erumna nonpotest, tamen labor poteat,potest f/lole,H ..
Id. Molestia, the weariness, enduring difficulties witb tht,
feelng of burdensomeness, dislike; Do lor, 369, pain, the
painful feeling caused by misfortune or contrary eventa: Do
Z o r est agritudo crucians. Cic. - La b o r a re, exerting one's
self with great fatigue, fatiguing one's self, and being embar.
rassed, grieved, being in great want of assistallce, suffering
severely: In enodandis nominibu.s, quod miserandu71& sil,
la}Joratis. Cic. Laborare animo, morbo, ea: re frumen.
taria. Creso Operam dare, taking pains, being active for
sorne one; navare, serving one with industry snd zeal,
witb zealous endeavour: Plus opera Gracis dediati relius,
quam putaramu.s. Cic. Cerlatum ab utrisqu.e est, ut ad recon
ciandam pacem consuli opera navaretur. Lv. Elabo-
rare, fatguing one's self to exhaustion, working one's self
fairly down; hringing about something with pains, elaborat
ing: Ornati elaboratiqu.e versus. Cic. Lucubrare,
working by candlelight; Elucubrare, with a greater de.
gree of carcfulness: Orationes diligentcr elaborata., el
tamquam elucubratas lffferebamus. Cic.
----
603. Lacerare. 606. LaC1l8.
603. LACERARE, LANIARE, DILANJARE, DISCERPERE. Lj.
cerare, laeerating, separating the outer and softer parts oC
a body by disfiguring wounds: Dilacerare, tearing asun.
der by Iaeeration: Tergum laceratum virgis. Liv. L.a.
cerare aliquem verborum contumelii8. Cie. .LnitJre,
tearing to pie ces with many deep wounde, with a higher de
gree of eruelty and fury; Dilaniare, eutting, tearing the
flesh of sorne animal body into pieces and asunder: Cadaver
canibus dilaniandum reliquisti. Cie.. Discerpere,
tearing to pieces by pulling violently in two direetions, tear
IIg: Baccha discerptum ju.enem sparsere per agro8.
Virgo
604. LACESSERE\ PROVOCARE, IRRITARE. Ldcessere
(lacio, lacere), inducing to fight, or something of the kind, by
teazing, taunting; ehallenging, irritatingly ineiting, e. g. in
juria, maledictis: Etrusci la c e s s e r e ad pugnam: primo
obequitando castrs pro v o can d o que, postremo qua consu-
les, qua exercitum increpando. Liv. Provocare, chal.
lenging, calling out, forth, for a battle: ad certamen; male-
dictis aliquem. Cie. Irritare, irritate, by excitillg impreso
sions to rage, battle, &e., e. g. crabrones. PIaut. Pueri ee
cupiditas et licentia potius est ir ri t a t a, quam repreua.
Cic.
605. LACRIMARE,-RI, FLERE, PLORARE, LUGERE. La-
crimare, giving vent to tears, allowing tea.rs to fioW"; L.
crimari, as Deponens, being moved to tears, becoming
affeeted to crying: Quis fui/' tam inhumanus, quin illorum
miseria commoveretur 1 ecquis fuit, quin l"acrimaretur1
Cic. Flere, crying with a drawn mouth (in Gerrnan
Jlennen, greinen); in general, crying when the teara are in
terrupted by sounds indicating grief, weeping bitterly: Fle
"at merque, pater defilii morte, de patris filills. Cie .. Plo.
rare, crying, i. e. shedding teats with much noise, with
accents of great rnisery or agony: Uxorem tuam neque ge
mentem, neque plorantem audivimus. PIaut. Lgere,
mourning, manifesting one's sadness by external signs, espe
cially by peculiar dress, bemourning: Luctu, est agrtudo
ez ejUfl, qui carus fuerit, intertu acerbo. Cie. MatrofUfl
annum, ut parentem, Brutum luxerunt. Liv.
606. LACUS, LACUNA, PALUS, STAGNUM. Lacus, a deep
reservoir, a lake, natural or artificial: La CU8 vinarii et -toro
cularii. Colum. Lacu8 Albanus, Fucinus. Lacna, a
slough, standing water, without oudet, having run into sorne
280
607. Ladere. 610. Lampas.
low place: Laeuna, aqua eolleetio. Festus. Plu8, a
pool of less extent, a morass, a "swamp," fiat water on
marshy ground: Casar p a 1 u d e s (Pomptinas) sieeare volu-
it. Cic. St agnum (stagnare, from stare), a stagnating
mass of water of an overfiowed river, a puddle: Super ripas .
'Jliberis effusU8 lenibus s t a g n i s adiri non poterat amnit.
Liv.
607. LEDERE, SAUCIARE, VULNERARE; SAUCIUS, VULNB-
RATUS. Ladere, viohting, wounding, injuring in such a
manner that the eompleteness, perfeetion, or beauty of a thing
suffersthereby: Herbasmorsu laserejuvenea. Ovid. Sau-
ciare, wounding deeply and vitally: Saueiat ungue gena8.
Ovid. Casarem Brutus noster sauciavit. Cie. Vulne-
rare, wounding lightly, by tearing, separation (veUere) of
external parts: Ab Neoptolemo Eumenes aliquot plagi8 v u 1-
neratur, neque eo magis ex pralio excessit, sed acrius
hostes ifllfitit. Nep. S/rrvi nonnulli vulnerantur; ipse
Rubrias in turba sauciatur. Cie., henee Sauciu8, the
I18verely wounded man, who is thus rendered ineapable for
battle, non-eombatant; V u 1 n e r a t u s, any one who is wouDd-
ed, only as such, though he may be only slightly wounded:
Gladiatori illi eonfeeto et saucio eonsules vestros opponite.
Cie. Graviter vulneratus Prafectus reJertur in castra.
Hirt.
60S. LEVUS, SCEVUS, SINISTER. L a v u s, left, opp. right,
left.handed, elumsy: Dextra montibus, lt1}va Tiberi amne
8eptus. Liv., se. manu, parte. O ego lavus! Hor. Sca-
"us, obsolete, in the sense of left: Mucius Se av o la. Liv.,
geDerally reversed, unhappy: Seavus profeeto et eacus
animi forem, si issem magis ad alium, quam ad te. Gell.
Sinister, left, at the left hand; henee, at the inconvenient
time, illy applied, injurious: Gerens dextra manu elavam,
sinistra eopulam. Nep. Sinistra liberalitas. Catull.
609. LAnIBERE, LINGERE, LIGURIRE. Lambere (labium),
licking a thing all round, seizing it with the stretehed out
tODgue and the lips: Canes tribunal meum vides ltimbere.
Ce. Lingere, lieking, gliding with the tongue over sorne-
thing: Quia te tango, mel mihi videor 1 i n g e re. Plaut.
Ligurire, also Ligllrrire, with appetite slightly Iieking
n thing; also, tasting something delieate: Si quis eum ser-
vum, qui ttrpidum ligurierit jus, in en/ce suffigat. Hor.,
junketing. .
610. LAl\lPAS, LUC.ERNA, LYCHNUS, LYCHNUCnus, LATER-
611. Languere. 613. LaM. 281
NA. Lampa8 a torch of metal in the form a
trumpet, in the opening of which pitch was burned: Multum
jlammarom et ana lampa8. Juvenal. Lucerna, a bum
ing light, a lamp: ardena; deJectu olei restincta. Plin.
Lychnus a pending lamp: Dependent lychni la
quearibu8 aurei8 incensi. Virgo Lychnuchu8 (AIIlJlOV.lO"
light.bearer), the instrument to hold a light, a candlestick:
Epistolam scriP8i aflte lucem ad 111 c h n u c h u m ligneolum.
Cic. Laterna, a lantern: Du:J: laterna va clausisferor
aurea jlammis, et tuta est gremio parva lucerna meo.
Martial.
611. LANGUERE, MARCERE, TORPE RE ; LANGUOR, VETEE
NUS, TORPOR, TORPEDO. Languere, properly, being slo'l\';
being fatigued, weak, exhausted, e. g. de va: Tristi lan-
guebunt corpora morbo. Virgo Marcere, being withered,
without strength, e. g. corona, lilia infracta: Qui pugnant,
marcent Campana l'lJ.:luria. Liv. Torpere, being without
sensation, immovable, inactive, torpid: Corpora rigentia gelu
torpebant. Liv.-Languor, exhaustion: Me deambula.
to ad languorem dedito Ter. Veternu8, 8C. morbus,
the irresistible disposition to fail asleep, as it appeara with
aged people; bence sleepiness, the sleepy, drowsy disposi.
tion and state of mind, dreaming disposition: VeternU8
civitatem occupavit. Cic. Torpor, the state of being with.
out feeling, the state when one has been made torpid; it is
the effect of Torpedo, the stiffening, the torpidness which
befalls one, the natural inclination to inactivity and want of
feeling, hence the name for the cramp.fish (torpedo), wruch
causes torpedo: Torpor gravis alligat arlus. Ovid. Tor
pedo animas oppressit. Sallo Tutantur se torpore toro
pedines. Plin.
612. LANlUS, MACELLARIUS. Lanius, rarer Lanio, tha
butcher who sells but meat of larger cattle; Macellarit"t
tbe butcher, with the idea of the killing, the meat.dealer, wbo
80ld all sorts of meat, even birds, fish, &c.: Lanii tUl cul-
trom bovem emunt. Valr. Ornithonem froceu8 caua/l ma
e e II a Ti i habent. Id.
613. LAPlS, SAXUM, SlLEX, CAUTES 8. COS, CALCULUS.
Lapis, the stone, according to its nature, as an earthlike,
heavy, inanimate mass; the stone, inasmuch as it is distin
guished as such from other things: Me 1 a pi d e m, Ron homi.
nem putas. Ter. Sa:cum, a stone with sharp point, a piece
oC rock, that which the farmer often calls" a rock," diffel8
24-
282 614. LaqUeus. 616. Lascivus.
from lapis by great.er density, its cpacity of wounding, and
8S a body of a certaio form: Ex spelunca saxum in cruTa
Icadii incidit. Cic. Est virids silex, igni resstens, el
'ubi in,enitur, lapis, n()n saxum esto Plin., nol so rough
and hard as saxum. S'lex (hence s'lere, 193.), a pebble,
quartz, especially of flints: Vias stemere silice. Liv.
Cautes, contracto Cos, Gen. Cotis, a hard mass of rocks
with pointed corners, cli!}': Naves nihil saxa et cautes
timebant. Cres., al. cotes. GeneraJly Cos is hone: Cotes
ad jerri aciem deterendam. Plin. Cal c u 1 u s, a small round
pebble, a little stone, also used for reckoning, making caleu-
lation, und a stone in the game at checkers: Demosthenes,
conjectis in os cal c u lis, summa voce versus pronuntiabat.
Cie.
614. LAQUEUS, TENDlCULA. Lqueus (lcere, 604.),
a rope, a noose: Laqueis captare jeras, Virgo Collum in
laqueum inserere. Cic. Tendicula, a gin, springe, only
tropical: .Aucupia verborum et literarum telldiculas in
invidiam vocant. Cic.
615. LARVA, PERSONA. L arv a, a mask of frightful,
horrid, or carieaturelike form; P er s'o n a, a mask represent-
ing a character, with a wide, funnel-like opening for the
mouth, lo strengthen lhe voice of the actor in the theatre;
this mask covered the whole head of the actor: Al illi JCEda
cicatrix setosam lcevi jrontem turpQ'/Jerat oris: niZ erat lar-
va aut tragids opus cothurnis. Hor. Pe l' s o n a m tragicam
Vulpes viderat: O quanta species, inquit, eprebrum non ha-
bet! Phredr.
616. LASCIVUS, PETULANS, PROCAX, PROTERVUS; Dlsso-
LUTUS. Lascit'lls, loose, full of fun, disposed to dally:
Vellullt tibi barba m lascivi pueri. Hor. Petulans,
wanton, who from light-heartedness or wantonness teazes
others and becomes ofi(msive, especially with woros: llls
liberos suos integros ab istius pe tul a n tia conservare non
licitttm esto Cic. Prcax (procare, asking intrusively), in-
trusive in demands and in speaking: Venzce pro c a ces. Hor.
Tertiadecilllanos, ut sunt ]J r o e a e i a urbance plebis ingenia,
pet1.{.lantibus jurgiisilluserant. Tac. Prtervus (pro-
terere), disregarding every thing, shameless in words and
<leeds: Homo honestas non audet euiqumn aut dicto pro-
tervo Qut jacto nocere. Cie. - Lascivus, gay without
bounds, with the feeling of perfeet physical and mental
health: ,Florentem c!Jlisum 8equitur 1 a s e i va capeZla. Virgo
617. Later. 620. Laus. 283
Dissolutus, he who does not restrict himself by decorum
and order, negligent as to care and attention, and dissolute,
rakish, who in his unbridled appetites does not observe the
laws of decency and respectability: Cupio in tantis rei pub-
licre periculis non dissolutum videri. Cic. Negligere,
quid de se q1tisque sentiat, non solum arrogantis est, sed om-
nino disso luti. Id.
617. LATER, TEGULA, IMBREX; ClEMENTUM. Later, tbe
flat brick: Macerire fiunt e lateribus coctilibus. Varr.
Tegula, the tile (of the roof, hence the name); Imbrex
(imber), the hollow or curved tile, that the rain may run
down: Dissipatis imbricum fragminibus ac tesles tegu-
larum. Sisenna.-Crementum (belongs to credere), a stone-
mass bewn off; plural, quarries, the particlas of hewn !!tones
which were used for mortar (mortarium): Martario cre1llen-
tum addatur. Vitruv. Lapicidinre, de quibus et quadrata
saxa el crementorum ad redificia eximuntur copire. Id.
618. LATERE, DELITESCERE; LATET, FUGIT, PRlETERIT.
Latere, being or Iying hidden; Delitescere, hiding, con-
cealingone's self somewhere: Inclusum alque abditum late-
r e in occullo. Cic. Mulier constitui locum jussit, ut ea
mitteret amicos, qui del i t e s ce re n t, deinde repente prosi-
lirent. Id. La t e t, it is hidden, it is a secret, with Cicero
withoul case governed by il. Id qua ratione consecutus sit,
Zatel. Nep. F1tgit, it escapes my attention, I cannot re-
member it; Prreterit, it escapes my observation, I do not
perceive il, Ido not see it: De Dionysio, fugit me ad te
antea seribere. Cie. Te non prreterit, quam hoc sit dif-
jicile. Id.
619. LATINE, ROMANO MORE LOQUI. Both are more em-
phaticexpressions for simpliciter, haud dissimulanter, aperte
loqui, yet with this difference, Latine loqui, is speaking
so thal every one can understand it, intelligibly, so as the
words are commonly takell, without exaggeration, plain;
Romano more loqui, speaking earnestly, sincerely,
straightforwardly, plaillly, and opellly, without dissimulation
or reserve: Gladiatorem ita appellavi, ut appellant ii, qui
plane et Latine loquuntur. Cic. De hoc tibi homine
hac spondeo more Romano, quomodo homines flan inepti
loquuntur: probiorem hominem Bsse neminem. Id.
620. LAUS, GLORIA, PRlECONIUM:, ELOGIUM; LAUDARB,
PRlEDICARE, CELEBRARE. LatAs, praise as expression of the
good Qpinion of mother on aooount of his excellences,
621. Laxare. 622. Lectw.
espeeially those whieh have their foundation in morality;
Gloria (eonnected with glowing, i. e. shiniDg, brightnesa),
glory, widely extending opiDion of great and uneommon
taleDts and powers, and their effeets: Trahimur omnu la ..
dis studio, el optimus quisque ma:rime gloria ducitur. Id.
P r fE con i u m, properly, the offiee of a publie erier; the
making known with glory, the lauding: PrfEconiulll ab
Homero Achilli tributum est. Cie. Elogium, the woros of
a passage of a testament, of a witness, of a dietum, of an in.
acription: Solonis sapientis elogium ut, quo "se" negat
"tJelle suam mortem dolore amicorum et lamentis "acare."
Cic. - L a u dar e, praising, expressiDg a favorable opinion
o a person, his good qualities snd aetions, especialIy in a
moral point of view: Quis vituperare improbos, quiB lau-
dare bonos ornatius potest 1 Cie. PrfEdicare, sayiDg
loud aDd publicly, with particular force as 10 the 8ubject;
praising, making known the praise of some one by publio
declaration among other persons: Deforme est de se ipsum
prfEdicare, falsa prfEsertim. Oie. Celebrare, 194.210,
making known something by repeated praise, renderiog sorne
thing famous: Tribuni plems legem omnibus c01lCntilJu8 sui8
celebrabant. Liv., they extolled it.
621. LAXARE, SOLVERE; LAXUS, PROLlXUS. La:r:are,
making loose, widening, making more spacious: Argiliw
vincula epistolfE laxavit. Nep. Solvere (solus), freeing,
making free, dissolving: Omne colligatum so Iv i potut. Ce.,
benee, freeing one's self from a debt, dissolving the obliga.
tion, i. e. paying. - Laxus (lacere, 604.), loose, e. g. arCUB,
opp. tensllS, wide, spaeious, opp. tight, narrow: Male laxas
in pede calceus wet. Hor. Domus laxior. Plin. Pro.
lixus, loose, hanging down, e. g. capillus. Ter., hence
willing (not stiff aud resisting), yielding, obliging: Interul
nostra Plancum hoc animo libenti prolixoque facere. Cie.
622. LECTUS, CUBILE, THALAMUS, STRATUM, TmlUs, GRA
BATUS, SPONDA. Lectus, tbe place destined and arranged
for Iying (laying down), as the frame, and with tbe couehes
on it, as tbe sofa, dinner-sofa, and bier of the dead: Lectas
ad quietem dtltw. Cic. Cubile, tbe place oC restiog, as a
remaining place, oC laying down: Terra e u b il e erat &ytlatZ
Anacharsidi. Ce. Thdlamus the bedroom,
poetical, the marriage bed: T ha 1 a m i que diu consorte careo
bato Ovid. Stratum, every thing whieh is spread on a 8ur.
face in order to le 00 it, e. g. mattress, bolster: CollapM
623. Legare. 624. Legio. 285
membra referunt thalamo, stratisque reponunt. Virgo
Tarus (torquere), a soft pillow, every soft, downy place to
sit or lie, also a seat of turf: In medio torus est de molli-
bus ulvis impositus 1 e c t o, s pon d a pedibusque salignis.
Ovid. Grabatus (ltfl.'J.uog), a small, low sofa, with feet,-
generally with poor people: lbat tripes grabatus el bipes
mensa. Martal. Sponda, bedposts and other frame part
of a bed.
623. LEGARE (LEGATUM), ALLEGARE, DELEGARE, MIT-
TERE; LEGATIO LIBERA, VOTIVA. Legare, selecting oue
for a particular business, sending one as public ambassador,
and appointing one as sub-commander, assistant of com-
mander-in-chief: Legantur in Africam ad Jugurthaa
majores natu, nobiles, amplis hOlloribus. Sallo CasarCu-
sium sibi legavit. Cic., and bequeathing part of one's
property to allother, making a legacy: Pro ca Numitori reg-
num Silva gentis legat. Liv. Hence, Legatum, a 'be-
ques!, a legacy, which the testator binds his heir to give to a
certain person: In-testamento A'ugusti legata non ultra ci,,-
ilem modum. Tac. A II e g a r e, sending one with particular
charges as mediator to sorne one: Petit a me RaboniltS, et ami-
cos a II e g a t : facile impetrat. Cic. Del e g a r e, delegating
some one to something, or something to sorne one to transact
instead of myself: Hunc laborem alteri delegavi. Cic.
Post del e g a t a m mihi hanc provinciam. Id., especially
when the debtor directs tha creditor to another (per attribu-
tionem).-Mittere, 520, sending, despatching, in general:
Helvetii legatos de deditione ad Casarem miserunt.
Creso - Le g a ti o 1 i b e r a was the permission granted by the
senute to a senator to undertake a private journey in the
character of a lega te; v o t i va, if the object of such a jour-
ney was the fulfilment of a vow in the province, which, fre-
quently, was but un ostensible and pretended object: AniciltS
negotiorum suorum causa legatltS est in Africam legatione
libera. Cic.
624. LEGIO, COHORS, MANIPULUS, VEXILLUM, CATERVA,
MANUS MILITUM, PHALANX, TURMA. Legio, properly, a
selection; a legion, from the times of Romulus, three thou-
sand men (thirty centuries) on foot, to which belonged three
hundred (three centuries) cavalry; under tite consuls, four
thousand two hundred on foot, divided into hasfates, prnci-
pes, and triarii; from the times gf Marius, who introduced
the divisioll ioto cohortes, five to six thousand meno Cahora,
625. Lenire. 626. LenltU.
an organized troop of infantry; from Marius, a tenth oC a le-
gion,or from five to six hundred men; the collora pr.
toria, body guard of the eommander.inchief, eontaining
gene rally four turma (one hundred and sixty horse) and two
ooJwrtes (six hundred and scvellty.two men) on foot. Ma-
"ipulu! (properly, a handful), a company of infantry, three
of which made a colJors: Perlica suspensos portabat long ..
maniplos (feeni), unde ma71iplaris nomina miles luihel.
Ovid. Vexillum, a little flag, as each of the tbree divisions
oC the lhird order of battle, the triarii, rorarii, and the ac
ansi had; hence this species of soldiers, mostly veterana,
were called Vexillarii, and their divisioos Vexilla Lega.
numo Vexillum designated, likewise, a troop of yoluoteell
or picked men, who, with such a flag, marched off Cor BOrne
particular undertaking. e iJ ter v a, a troop oC soldiers brought
together without order: Dum fogiunt equitum turmQl ped.
twnque caterva. Hor. Manus militum, a corre of sol.
diers, destined for BOme military uodertaking or for defeoce :
Octavianus Romam veniet cum manu magna. Cie. PAa.
lanx an army in the Macedonian order oC battle,
an oblong generally of sixteen thousand foot, the
number varied. Turma, a eompany of horse, OCWhICh ten
(each of thirty men, and divided into three decuries) belonged
10 one legion; at later periods it contained forty horse.
625. LENlRE, MITIGARE, PLACARE, SEDARE. Lenire
(making lenient), diminishing the violent sensation of aoy
thing disagreeable, assuaging, e. g. dolores, miseriam, tZgri.
tudinem. Mi t i g a re (properly, making soft, mild), miti
gating, diminishing the external eause of that which is pain.
fuI: Materia igni adltibito ad mitigandum cibum utimur.
Cc. Dolores mitigantur vetustate. Id. Placare, mak.
iog flat, eveo, of tbe agitated sea; calmiog violent painful .
Bensations, especially appeasing excited wild passions and
their eruptions: Tumida aquara p la c a t. Virgo Impi!" ni)
aooeto placare donis iram Deorum. Cic. Sedare, makog
that something sinks to tbe bottom, entirely ceases, stilling,
quieting: At aliquando incenditur populus. - Et quidem
aope aedatur. Cic. Sedare bellum maximum, controver.
siam, pavorem. Liv.
626. LENTUS, FLEXILIS, FLEXIBILIS; T ARDUS, SE RUS i
LENTITUDO, LENITUDO. Lentus, tough, flexible, tbat which
with ease may be stretched, extended, or hent without tearing
or breakiog, e. g. 8alix, lJabena. F 1 e:d lis, that which,
-
627. Lepos.
already hent, may he bent still fUrther, which may he used
for twisting, braiding Flexibilis, that which may he hent,
flexible, pliable: Ulmus et jraxinus lentce, 8ed jacile pan-
dantur: JI e xii e s tamen. Plin., yet tbey may be bent straight
again. EXCQgitatum est vitri temperamentum, ut jlexibile
uset. Id. - Lentus, slow, from want of energy, excitability,
opp. quick (of temper), hasty: Belus amnia lentu8 fluit.
Plin. Quum publicas injurias lente tuliaset, suam non tu-
lit. Cic. Tardus, indolent, slow from want of zeal, opp,
active, quick: Ta r da et languida pecus. Cic. Stellce er-
rantes tum celerius moventur, tum t ard ius. Id., tbey require
much time for it. Lente grad'iens asellus. Ovid., he takes
good deal oftime for it, walking draggingly. Serus, late,
happening or being performed after the usual or proper time,
opp. tempestivus: Ta r d e, imo jam s e r o intellexi. Petron.,
too late. - Lentitudo, slowness, especially in effect, long-
suffering, which bears with calmness and indulgence the
offences &C. of others Le n t u d o, kindheartedness, prop-
erly, soft or mildheartedness, which is not severe with
and passes over many things from goodness of heart: Resis-
tere iracundire, est non solum gravitatia, sed nonnunquam
etiam lentitudinis. Cic. Virum videri negant Peripa-
tetici, qui irasci nesciat; quam 1 e n ita t e m nos dic-imus. Id.
627. LEPO s, SAL, FACETllE, CAVILLATIO, DICACITAS, FES-
TIVITAS, URBANITAS. Lepos (not Lepor, from libet) , the
loveableness, amiableness, agreeableness, especially in man-
ners, politeoess, agreeableness in social intercourse, converse,
where it is the habit to apply at the proper moment, and
toclotbe in a pleasing way, well chosen wit with delicate
taste: Lud parum lepo ri s habuerunt: apparalvs enim
tollebat omnem hilaritatem. Cic. In utroque genere
leporis excellens, el illo, quod in perpetuitate senAonis, el
Me, quod in celeritate atque dicto esto Id. Sal, sah, spicy,
piquant joke, wit, the refined irony: llle delectatur Bioneis
.ermonilms et sale nigro. Hor., in the most biting and
sharpest salire. Facetice (jacetus, fromjac-ies), fine, droll,
witty conceits, which manifest tbemselves in the speech and
too whole aeting and being of a person: Sale et facetH.
CtZ8ar tlicit omnes. Cie. Facetiis maxime homines delec-
Uzntur, si quando risus conjuncte, re verboque, movetur. Id
. Cavillalio (cavere), tbat speeies of wit, if we substitute a
jocosa meaoiog to words. Liv. 10, 19, 6., especially that
species of bantering and rallyiDg, if we mean to say the con-
628. Levare. 629. Lez.
trary of what our woros would mean in their direet significa.
tion. This is shown or expressed by the whole speeeh; hut
Dicacitas is the quickness of wiuy sparks, the relldiness
to surprise by hitting wit, repartees, allusions, and pointed or
biting sallies: Quum duo genera sint facetiarum, alterum
aquabiliter in omni sermone fosum, alterum peracutum et
breve: illa superior c a villa ti o, hrec altera di c a ci t 'u
nominata esto Cie. S al i u m duo genrra sunt, unum fa e e-
tiarum, alterum dicacitatis: altero 7l.tetur orator i.
narrando aliquid venuste, altero in jaciendo m i t t e n ~
ridiculo. Id. Festivitas (festivU8, properly, where it is
feastlike, henee that whieh disposes to gayety), the serene,
jocose, happy disposition, good.natured sportiveness: Hilari-
tatis plenum judicium ac lretitire fuit: in quo tibi dicendi ""
egreg'ia, summa fes t i v ita t e et venustate conjuncta profoit.
Cie. Urbanitas, 231, wellbehaved manners, polished
demeanor, polished pronunciation, manncr of expressioD,'
and delieate wit, as they are found in aman of eareful edu
cation, and one who is aecustomed to the best society: lA
hominum facetorum urbanitatem incurrere. Cie.
628. LEVARE, E - SUBLEVARE, TOLLERE, EXTOLLEU,
ERIGE RE. Levare, making ligltt by liftiug, propping, alle-
viating the pressure of a thing, lifting, lifting off: membra
cubito. Ovid. Dies 1I0n levat luetum hune. Cie., diminish
ing that whieh is oppressive or molesting in mourning. Ele-
vare, taking away the pressure entirely, depriving a thing
or-its weight (tropieally referring to the balance), diminishing
one's weight, authority, detraeting: Faeere lJure non possunt,
verbis elevant. Phredr. Sttblet'are, aiding up by lifting,
giving a lift, assisting in supporting: Centurio, a manipula
ribus sublevatus, murum adseendit. Eos ipse rursus ez..
ceptans, in murum extulit. Creso NasidiU8 vicin08 8UO&
facultatibus suis sublevavit. Cie. Tollere, 131, 386,
lifting up: saxa de terra. Cie. Extollere,lifting out, lift
ing entirely from below and to a considerable height: pedem
domo, porta: Fortuna et e x t o II e r e animos et minuere po.
test. Liv. Erigere, uprighting, plaeing in an upright
position, ereeting: scaTas ad mrenia. Natura solum homin_
erext, ad crelique conspectum excitavit. Cie.
629. LEx, INsTITuTunr; CONDlTIO; ROGATIO, POPULIS.
CITUM, PLEBlSCITUM. Lex,596, a law as settled, binding
prescription of a superior allthority for a eertain speeies of
actions; Institutum, institute, aecording to which a eertain
629. Lez.
object is lo be obtained by a fixed procedure; tbe Ilrranged
order, observance, according to which a settled procedure is
observed in certain actions: .Ex instituto legati Romt8
'loca, lautia accipiebant. Liv. Civitatis leges, instituta,
mores, jura nosse. Cic.-Lex, the settled rule, specific pre.
script, whicb we have to observe in tbe performance of un
affair, the practice of an art, the prescribed rule of ac1on. in
a contract: His legibus pacem fecerunt. Liv. Homi1U!.s
ea lege nati aunt, ut omnibus telis fortuna proposita sit
"ita eorum. Cic., they bave their destina1on from the time
of their birth. Cond"itio (condere), condition, upon tbe
fulfilment of whicb the validity and duration of the contract
depends: Sempronius conditiones paces dixit, ut Par
thini Romanorum essent. Liv. - Lex, a law, of itself, with
reference to its contents; Rogatio, as bill direc.ted to the
comitia of the assembled people, whether they approve of it
or not by the majority of votes: Velitis, jubeatis, Quirites 'J
For the bill tbe vote was expressed by tbe two letters U. R.
(uti rogas) on a tablet; against it, by A. (antiquo s. antiqua
probo), hence the expressions, Legem rogare, asking the
people on account of a law; ferre, laying it before them
(bringing in a bill); abrogare, abrogating a law; Legem
s. de lege derogare, also exrogare, partiallyabrogat.
ing, aItering; o b r o g a r e, making a la w invalid by a new
and opposed law; legem perferre, carrying a law (i. e. a
bill), causing it to be passed, adopted by tbe people. - Of the
assembled people it is said, Legem sciscere, approving of
it by majority of votes; a n t i q u a re, voting that it shall re
main with things as it has been, i. e. rejec1ng the bill; j u
-bere, ordaining the senale to confirm or approve of the de-
cree of tha people, so that the law may have universally
binding power. Considered as decree of the people, the law
was called POjluliscitum, if the centuries of the whole
people approved of it; Plebiscitum, if the tribes of the
plebs approved of it, see 321. M. Duilius, tribunus plebi8,
plebem ro g a v i t, plebesque s c i v i t: Qui plebem sine tribu-
niB reliquisset, tergo ac capile puniretur. Liv. - Of the sen
ate or consults, Legem sancire, confirming a law, making
it sucred and inviolable, sanc1oning it, on account of which
they were preserved in the state archives in the temple of
Saturn; promulgare (promulgating it), making it publicly
known, which was dona before the rogation in the comita,
lor three market-days (per trinundinum), by placarding it
25
290
630. Libare. 632. Liberi.
public1y somewhere ; figere, placardilg it by the sennte for
general observance, after it had been approved of. - L egefll
irrogare alieui, asking for a law or resol ve against some
one at the hands ofthe people; Legem imponere ali-
cui, imposing a law for observance upon sorne one.
630. LIBARE, GUSTARE; LITARE, PERLITA RE, SACRIFICARE,
PARENTARE. Libare (leo, levi, in delere, 330.), wetting
only the lips on the surface of sorne liquid, and generally
touching but slightly the surface of a tbing: Apes jlumift4
libant summa. Virgo Gustare, 385, tasting: Ubi"immo-
latur, e:r:la pragusto l)em, et matronarum casta delibo
oscula. Phredr., ofthe tIy.-Libare, pouring offthe upper-
most and first part of a liquid in honor of a deity, and dedi-
cating it to t. The Romans tasted nothing without first coo-
lIecrating part of it to the gods; for them a Httle wine was
first puured on the table, and at sacrifices, first on the head
of the victim (libatio prima), and afterwards on the buming
pieces (libatio secunda): Et summas earpens media nter
cornua selas, ignibusimponit saeris, 1 iba m in a prima. Virgo
Litare, sacrificing successfully; receiving
happy omina throughout from the sacrifice: Ea omita sacri-
fieia lata fuerunt, primisque hostiis perlitatum esto Liv.
S a e r if i e a r e, sacrificing, celebrating a sacrifice, and ofTer-
ing the sacrifice solemnly to the gods: Tum Jupiter facial,
Ilt semper saerifieem, nee unquam litem. Plaut. Pa.
re n t a r e, sacrificing to parents und relations on their tombs :
Hostia maxima p'a r e n t a r e, pietati est adjunetum. Cic.
631. LIBERTAS, LICENTIA, IMlIJUNITAS. Libf!rtas, 554,
the freedom of doing and suying what one likes, without beiog
limited from without; L i e e n tia, the want of restraint, ir we
follow our appetites without bridle, licentiousness: Amo f:ere-
cundiam; tu libertatem loquendi. Cic. Libertas est
potestas vt'endi, ut velis. Id. Deteriores .mnes sumus 1 i-
eentia. Ter. Immunitas, freedom from. services aod
laxes by law, immunity: Druides militia vaeationem omnium-
que rerum habent immunitatem. Cres.
632. LIBERI, NATI, FILIl; FILlUS FAMILIAS. Liber,
{reemen, children of freemen (the idea of freedom by birtb),
opp. Servi, Vema; N ati, issue, the children, inasmuch as
theyare issue of their parents; Filii, sons (the daugbters
included), with reference to their nearest deseent from tbeir
parents or family. Hence, Li bri legitimi, llegitimi; but
us lo talent, Peducaus reliquit e.ffigiem humanitatis el pro6i-
633. Libert",. 636. Lieere. 291
tatis sual filium. Cic. Terra filius. Id. Caritaa, quC8 .
ut inter natos et parentes. Id. Filius familia., a son
unGer age, who yet stands under parental authority: lZZUfll
f i li u m fa mili a s, patre parco ac tenaci, habere
non potes. Cic.
633; LIBERTUS, LIBERTINUS. Libertus, a freed man,
i. e. manumitted slave, one with wbom tbe acl of manumis-
sion (manu missio) bad been performed; Libertinus, be
longing to tbe kind of tbe liberti, a freed man, with reference
to his present condition. Up to the fifth year, the children,
of tbe maliumissi were called LiberUni; tbeir grandcbil.
dren, Ingenui (free-born), 554. -Afterwards, the manu
mitteu man was called Libertus, as such, e. g. Phadrru,
Augusti libertus; but in reference to their presen! condi.
tion, Libertinus, and their children Ingenui. Under tbe
emperors, however, the LiberU became perfect freemen or
lngenui, see Suet. Claud. 24_ Trebonius heredem fecit
B1JUm libertum. Equiti Romano liberti,ws sit homo
bM-es 1 Cic. Me libertinQ patre natum, Horace calla
himself, as the son of a manumitted sI ave.
634. LIBRA, STATERA, TRUTINA, LANX. Libra, the
pound, and the balance witb two sea les : Critolaus in alteram
libra. lancem animi bona imponit, in alteram eorporis.
Cic. Statera, the balance, inasmucb as by it one body is
placed in equilibrium witb aoother, generally the steelyard;
Tri t i n a, properly the bole in whicb tbe tongue of the bal-
ance plays, and the balance io general, in as far as it indi-
. cates that which is equal or not: Hac non aurificis statera,
. ,ea quadam populari trutina examinantur. Ce. Lanz,
the seale of the balance.
635. LIBUM, PLACENTA. Libum, a small thick cake, in
form of a loaf, a buo, customary in sacrifices; PI ti e e n t a,
a thin, flat cake: Saeerdotis liba recuso; pa7le egeo, jam
mellitis potiore pI a e e n t i s. Hor.
636. LICERE, LICERI, LICITARI; LICET, FAS EST, LIBET.
Lieere, being permitted, and being venal for sorne price;
Lieeri, deponens, bidding for something; Licitad, doing
the same repeatedly and with zeal: Omnia venibunt,
li eebun t, prasenti pecunia. Plaul. Dumnorige li cente
contra li e e r i audet nemo. Creso Quum arma habeatis, 1 i-
citamini llOstium capita. Curt., putting'a price u.pon it.-
Licet, it is permitted (to our wiU); Fas est, 596, it is le-
ga11y permitted: L i e er e id tlieimus, quod ZegibuB, quorl

t ..
637. Ligare. 639. Lig}.
flWre majorum institutisqfJll conceditur. Cie. Clodium nihil
delectabat, quod aut per na.tlU"a7n fas esset, aut per legu
liceret. Id. Libet, it is the pleasure,used of things to do
whieh we feel inelination: Non 1 u b e t mihi deplorare vitana.
Cie., 1 do not like, do not wish lo, &e.
637. LIGARE, VIERE, VINCIRE. NECTERE, NEXARE; NBX
us, MANCIPlUM. Ligare, binding, winding a: band
round that wbieb may be separated, that it may not separate,
e. g. vulnera, bandaging; vitta ligare crines; Viire,
tying tightly, lashing fast: Serunda vimina, ut tabeas, unde
viendo quid Jacias, sirpeas, crates. Varr. Vincire,
binding, fettering, keeping firm that wbich resists: Caten
v in c tum trahere. Creso N ec t ere, knotting, entwining flexo
ible bodies, and stringing tbem to one anotber: flores,
nam: Deducit aranea filum, quum leve n e c t i t OptlS . Ovid.
N e x a re,' tbe same, with inereased force of expressioD,
expressing greater exertion : Serpentem retentat .ne:.r:an
tem nodis, seque in sua membra plicantem. Virg.-Nez.
us, us, tbe rightful, legal junetion, and N ezum, a pos-
session, lo wbieh, by contract, we bave a right, without being
able to eonsider it as our properly, e. g. a mortgage,pledge ;
hence tbe legal obligation of lhe. seller lo furnish guaranty;
Mancipium, the solemnbuying 'in presence of five wit
nesses, and lhe right of property thus obtained; a possessioo
with perfeet right of ownership, fee simple: Attici proprium
te esse scribis mancipio el nexo, meum autem usu el
jructu. Cic.
638. LIGNUM, MATERIA, SARniENTuM. Lignum, wood,
aceording to its nature, the substance, tbe firm, inanimate
body called wood: Olim truncus eram, inutile lignum. Hor.
Materia, wood, as useful substance, and also as fresh, greeo
wood: Omnis m a ter i a et culta et sU"estriB partim ad cale.
faciendum, partim ad adificandum. Cie. Sarmentum,
brushwood, copse: Galli sarmentis virgultisqfJll fOBBas
Bomanorum complent. Cres., with stiff branehes and thin-
switehes.
639. LIGO, MARRA, RAS'l'RUM, BIDENS, SARCULUM, PASo
'l'INUM. Ligo, a long hoe with a curved iron, widening
toward the edge: Longis purgare ligonihus an'a. Ovid.
Marra, a hoe used for boeing the vineyard or other fields,
with a eurve.d iron, ending in a point of a triangle; Ras
trum, a (Dattock with one or several teeth, lo sever the glebes,
or similar work; hence, also, Bidens (the double-tooth)
640. Lmbus. 642. LqUOf'. 293
and Sarculum, inasmueh as it is used for breaking tha
ground and weeding: Rastr, quibus dentatis eradunt ter-
ram atque eruunt. Varr. Rastri quadridentes. Cato. Sine
bove montanOl gentes sarculis arant. Plin. Pastnum,
vineyard hoe, with two teet,h, distinguished by longer and
stronger teeth, used by the vigneroles: Pastinum vocant
ferramentum bifurcum, qua semina panguntur; unde repasti.
nari dictOl vinOl, qUOl refodiebantur. Colum.
640. LIMBUS, FIMBRIA, INSTITA. Limbus, a stripe woven
in, around the bottom of a dress; Fimbria, the fibred seam,
fringes; In s ti t a, the full trimming, the flounee sewn on
women's gowns: Indutus clda"tydem Tyriam, quam limbus
obibat aurcus. Ovid. Mappa laticlaL'ia, fimbriis, hinc
atq!M illinc pendenUbus. Petron. QUOlqUOl tegis medios, in-
s t ita longa, pedes. Ovid.
641. LINQUERE, RE - DERELINQUERE, DESE RE RE, DE-
STITUERE, DEESSE; PRODERE. Linquere, leaving: Mari-
us, linquens eam terram, quam servaverat. Cie. Relin.
quere, leaving behind, leaving (by testament), leaving (a
rest of the whole): testamento heredem. Cie. Mullis non
modo granum nullum, sed ne palOl quidem ex annua labore
relinquebantur. Id. Derelinque1'e, going away from
something and leaving it behind, without taking further notice
of it, negleeting, disregarding it; D e s e r e r e, separating one's
salf from something, whieh precedes the aetion of abandon-
ing: Omnes mil amici deserunt. Ter. Accidit, ut per-
multi aratores agros fertiles d e s e r e r e n t totasque arationes
derelinque1ent. Cie., deserting. Destituere, placing
as destitute, plaeing bare, i. e. exposed, exposing: Palu.
destitutus eS.t inforo. Gell. Multitudo defensores suos
in prOlcipitem favore tollit, deinde in ipso discrimine
pericltli destituit. Liv. Deesse alicui, 3, not existing
for sorne one, i. e. denying one's serviees to one: Vitupera-
bor, quod re pubZ'icOl defuerim tam gravi tempore. Cie.
Pro (le re (giving forth), giving up, giving up to danger,
betraying: conscios facinoris. Cie.
642. LIQUOR, LATEX, Succus.; LIQUIDUS, Pu-
RUS; LIQUET, CONSTAT, STAT. Liquor, a liquid: Abun-
dabat jluidltS liquor. Virgo Ldtex (}.(w;), that whieh
makes wet (the wet, if \Ve eould say so): La tic e s manare
perennes. Lueret. Lber liquoris vitigeni laticem mor-
talibus i1lStitttit. Id. Succus, also S1icus,juice, tha liquid
in the animal body which promotes its strellgth and growth:
25-
643. Litera. 645. Loeare.
Amisimua omnem s u e e u m ae sanguinem. Cie. - L i q ui d 118,
liquid, undisturbed, pure or clear: Ignis liq uidum facit tU
aurumque resolvit. Lueret. Vox liquida. Hor., clear and
soft, without impure nnd hard tones. Limpidus (lympha),
limpid, elear and transparent, indieates a higher degree of
clearness, also of liquids: Limus quum halmerit qua wbsidat,
limpidior aqua fiet. Vitruv. Purus, pure, without for-
eign addition, spotless, unsoiled: Pura rivus aqUO!. Hor.
Pura mente atque integra, nullo seelere imbutus. Cie.-
L i q u e t, it is elear; of things which one understands at once:
Id, de quo Panatio non liquet, reliquis solia luce "idetur
clarius. Cie. C o ns t a t, it is settled, as result of several
trials or experime(lts, or aeeording to the equal opinion of the
experienced: Perspicuum est e o n s t a t que inter om71tS, esse
deos. Cie: Mihi quidem e o n s t a t, nee meam eontumeliam, 'lec
meorum ferre. Id., 1 am settled in my mind, 1 am resolved.
Stat, it is firmly resolved, it is the firm purposa: Stat sen-
tentia. Ter.
643. LITERlE, HUJltANITAS; LITERATURA, ERUDITIO. Li-
tera, 394, the learned, scientifie cultivation, as result of
Iearued study; Humanitas, the more delicate eultivation,
whieh is the result of familiar knowledge of the poets,orators,
and historians, and the etreet of whieh is taste and eultivated
sentiment: Communium 1 i ter a r u met politioris human-ita-
t-is expers. Cie. Literatura, elementary knowledge, the
first instruetion in language: Prima illa literatura, per
quam pueris elementa traduntur. Senee. Eruditio, 367,
learnedness, as eomprehensive, extensive scienee: Praclara
eruditione atque doctrina instruetus. Cie.
644. LITUS, ORA, ACTA, RIPA. Litus, the shore or
bank, innsmueh as it protects the firm land against the inrnads
of the water, the seashore: Timebam Oeeanum, timebam
litus- insula (Britannia). Cie., and the banks of a river:
Hostias eonstituit in litore, ut qui trans jlumen essent, "i-
dere possent. Id. Ora, the seashore, considered from the
land, as the rim and border to whieh it extends: Tribuni
deztrorsus maritimam oram atque Antium pergunt. Liv.
Acta a x r ~ ) , a littoral country extending into the sea, whieh
atrords a distant view and charming residence. as near Syra-
ouse, a foreland; Ripa, the shore, as a rim, border,or edge,
limiting, elevated and extending 10ngitudinalIy, as along rivel'B
and brooks: Magni jluminis ripa. Cie.
645. LOCARE, ELOCARE, CONDUCERE. Locare, properIy,
646. Loculi. 648. Lonp.
placing a thing at a certain spot; letting a thing, farming it
out; E loe ar e, letting out a farm, so that the farmer has the
thing for entire free use, e. g. fundum: Loeus est, ubi loca-
tum quid esto Varr. Virginem loeare euiquam. Plaut. Ver-
res majore pecunia quatuor columnas dealbandas, quam ille
omnes cedijieandas lo cav i t. Cic. Con du eere, hiring, farm-
ing, undertaking to restore something for a price agreed UpoD,
by contract: Ccelius eondurit in Palatio, non magno, do-
mum. Cic. Redemtor eolumna1n illam de Torquato e o n-
du:z:erat faci61,dam. Id.
646. LOCULI, MARSUPIUM, CRUMENA, PERA, MANTICA.
Loeuli, a little chest for moneyand omaments, with divi-
sions inside: Gemma, loeulis quce custoditur eburnis. Ju-
venal. Marspium, a leathem money-bag, to put lika a
girdle round the loins; otherwise, Zona, Cingulum, 202: li-
Ice piscina! potius marsupium domini e:z:inaniunt, qtuml
impl61,t. Varr. Z o n a se aureorum plena circumdedit. Suet.
Crumena nnd Crumina, a purse for common expenses,
\Voln round the neck: Homo eruminam sibi de eollo de-
trahit, minas viginti mihi dato Plaut. Pera, a leathem
trayelling-bag, which hung down from the sboulders to the
thighs, or was cnrried on the neck; M a n ti e a, a saddle-bag,
portmanteau: M a n t e a eui lumbos onere ulceret. Hor.
647.' Locus, LOCI, LOCA; ORDO. Loeus, the place,
wbich cootains somethiog, or where somelhing is placed;
plural, Loci, cerlnin places; Loca, pInce in general, coun-
tries, regions: Cenomani, ubi nune Brixia ae Verona urbel
sunt (locos tenuere Libui) eonsidunt. Liy. Itr per agr08
el loca solafaeiebat. Cic.-Loeus, .the pInce, standing,
rank, clnss, to which one belongs, or which one occupies:
Summo, haud obae'uro, infimo loe o natua. Cic. Or d o, or-
der, n wel! arrnnged lille accordiog to cerlnin relations;
hence, a clnss of citizens io a slate, as in Rome the three
estates or orders, Ordo senatorius, equester, plebcius. Tbe
ordo io which a citizcn had his pInce gaye him his rank,
locus: Princeps legationis adeptus eat ordinem ,enato-
num. Cic.
648. LONGus, LONGINQUUS; LONGE, PROCUL, EMINUS.
Longu8, long, in space and lime, e. g. navia, it61", epstola,
no:z: Longinquus (for longicus V, 2.), stretchiog far out
in leogth, far distant, and wenrisome: Ea, quce in longin-
q uis nationibus geruntur, ignoratis. Cie., remote. Lon-
ginquam oppugnationem 81stinere non posae. Cms.-Lon-
t
,
649. Loriea. 651. Luctari.
ge, long, Car, designates the proportion to other shorter ex-
tents: Domus a foro longe abest. Cic. Proeul (pro-
oculus), distant, the Jine Crom the beginning oC the line oC
vision to its termination: Perseus in eonspeetu patria procul
constitit. Liv. Eminus (min/Z, see 230.), from a distance,
the aim or distance of shooting: Utrimque eminus fundis,
.agittis, reliquisque teUs pugnabatur. CAes
649. LORICA, TaORAX. Lodea, a cuirass, reaching
down to the girdle: Loriea, quod e loris de corio crudo
peetorialia faeiebant ; poslea ex annulis ferream tunieam.
Varr., also a bulwark of besieged soldiers: Turres contabu.-
lantur, pin7uz lo ri e /Z que ex cratbus attexuntur. Creso T h o-
rax, every covering of the breast, especially the plate of
bronze, which the soldiers wore on the breast, lo do the ser-
vice of a cuirass: Hasta volans t h o r a e a simul cum pectore
nunpit. Virgo
. 650. LUCRUN, QUlESTUS, CONNODUN, CONPENDlUlIl, EMO-
LUMENl:UM (ENOLINENTUN). Luerum, the gain, that which
we obtain by attentive management of favorable opportQni-
ties, good luck, chances, and savings: Quem sors dieru.m
cunque dabit, lucro appone. Hor. Qu/Zstus, the gain or
protit which we have sought for, i. e. meant to make, wages,
&e., e. g. mercenariorum: In mercatu ludorum alii emendi
aut vendendi qu/Zstu et lucro ducuntur. Cic. Commo-
dum, 149, the advantage, which one has aboye olhers, e. g.
in an offiee: Tribunalus e o m m o d a, demto labore militia,
eontemsisti. Cie. 8,i quid faetum dieetur alicujus retinendi,
augendi, adipiseendive eommodi causa. Id. Compendi-
um, protit, the saving produeed by careful management, opp.
dispendium, loss in weight, loss: Cu lwmini dii propitii
sunt, aliquid objiei'unt lucri: nam ego hodie eompendi
feci binos panes in dies. Plaut. Emolumentum (molere),
the advantage, use which we make of a thing in usiog it:
Nusquam nec opera sine emolumento, nec emolumentum
ferme sine impensa opera esto Liv. Emolimentum (1110-
liri), is something that is connected with much labor and ex-
ertion, the trouble, difficulty: Neque se exercitum sine magno
eommeatu atque e m o 1 i m e n t o in unum locum eontralleTc
posse. Creso
651. LUCTARI, CONTENDERE. Luetari, ringing with an-
other, striving to throw another to the ground by clasping the
arms around .him, despile of his resistance: Nondum satis
ut ego teeum luetari ct congredi debeam. Cic.,
652. 'Ludere. 654. Lumen. 297
henee endeav.ouring to overcome difficulties with great exer-
tion, struggling against, with: Non luctabor tecum ampliUl.
Id., C j n ten d e r e, 269, endeavouring, measuring one's self
with another in a struggle: Prmlio equestri inte1' duas aciu
eontendebatur. Creso Contra vim gravitatemque morbi
eontendit. Cic.
652. LUDERE, ILLUDERE, LUDlFICARI. Ludere, playing:
par impar. Hor., making game, fun of another: aliquem
dolia. Ter. Illudere, makillg play, game of another, and
making him the subject of one's wanton sport, inasmuch as
he is the object of the game or sport: Certant illudere
capto. Virgo Ego fe pro istis dictis et factia ulciscar probe,
fle impune nos illuseris. Ter. Ludificr.e, making
another the game; Ludificari, misleading another as to
myself, if, by cunning, I deceive him as to myself, and thus
frustrate his intentions or plans: Jugurtha belli modo, modo
pacis mora consulem ludificabat. Sall., mystifying. Tac-
farinas irritum fessumque Romanum impune ludificaba-
tur. Tac.
653. LUERE, PlENAS DARE. Luere, washing off the guilt
of an offence by suffering punishment, suffering for an offence;
Pmnas dare, undergoing punishment, as criminal, inas-
much as the aggrieved individual thus obtains revenge (as ir
we were to say, affording punishment, granting to the othe1'
bis revenge): Q/tod piaculum commiserunt, suo sanguiJle et
publica clade luunt. Liv. Infacinore deprelensus,pcenatl
legibus el judicio. dedit. Cic. .
654. Lux, JUBAR. Lumen, light, as iIluminating
substance, substance of light, as it appears in bodies which
shed Iight; Lux, light, as contradistinguished from darkness,
lightness (if we might say so; what in German is expressed
by Helle), the mass of light which emanates from an efful-
gent body, by which the surrounding objects become visible;
hence, daylight: Solis lumine luna collustrari putalur.
Cic. Nicias pictor lumen et umbras custodit'it, ut emine-
rent e tabulis picturm. Plin. Obscuratur el o./funditur luce
sols lumen lucernm. Cic. Luna lucel luce aliena: Id.,
hence great men and important cities are called Lumina,
as beaming lights; Luces, inasmuch as they give comfort,
protection, salvation, similar to joyful and vivifying light or
tbe day: Corinthus, totius Gracia lumen. Cie. Roma,
lux orbis terrarom alque arx omnium gentium. Id. Jubar
(from juba, properly, the morning the effulgent brigbt.
656. Luridus. 658. Mactare.
ness of tbe heavenly bodies, poetical: Nitidull& jubo.r ut.
lit undis Lucifer. Ovid.
655. LURIDUS, LIVIDUS, PALLIDUS. LridulI (lorum),
pale, like denth; used of the highest degrce of paleneas
(properly, like uncurried lenther): Fugit juventaa et color
reliquit ossa pelle amicta lurida. Hor. Livid,,,, 679,
lead-color; hence, jealous: L i vid a gestat armis braclria.
Hor. Pallidus, pale, pallid: Membra sunt cera palli-
diora nova. Ovid. .
656. Luxus, LUXURIA. Lu:xus (luere, lw:um, solving),
dissipation, imrnoderate waste in furniture, dress, food, as lhe
state of the individual; Lu:xria, Luxuriell, disposition lo
splendor and delicate sensual enjoyments, voluptuousness,
dissipatioo, as the quality of the individual: Domus regali
aplendida lu;cu instruitur. Virgo Lu:xu atque desidia ci-
uitas corrupta esto Sall. Turpe est di.flluere lu:xuria et
delicate ac molliter vivere. Cic.
657. LYRA, CITHARA, BARBITOS. Lyra, the lyre, made
of a turtle-shell covered wilh leather, and two arms attached
lo this body, and united by a yoke or saddle, so that its seven
chords, as those of a harp, were played with lhe hand: ..4t
tu, inventor curva fidis, septena putaris, Pleiadum numerum,
fila dedisse lyra. Ovid., i. e. Mercurius. Cithara, orig-
inally likewise a lurtle-shell covered over wilh a skin (bence,
also, Testudo, Cllelys) , on which t h ~ r were four chords strung
over a bridge; their tone was modified with lhe left hand,
while the right hand played the tune, as we do wilh the guitar.
Barbito8, the lute, differing from the cithara in its deeper
tone and more numerous strings; originally it had but tbree.
M.
658. MACTARE, Il\1l\1oLARE; MACTE, EUGE. Mactare
(mactus) , magnifying a dei!y by a sacrifice .of animals, cele-
brating, glorifying it: Puerorum e:xtis deos manes m a c t a r e
,oles. Cic.; hence, Ferl.lnt laudibus, m a e tan t Iwnoribus.
Id., and making of something a sacrifice of blood snd atone-
ment, slaughtering: M a c t {l n t leclas de more bidentes Ce-
ren patrique Lyao. Virgo Perjidos et rl.lptores pacis IlZtioni
et gloria mactandos. Tac. Immolare, strewing the
meal of sacrifice on the head of the doomed animal, and thua
- .-
659. Magia. 660. MagnUl. 299
consecrating it to a deity, after which it W8S IIlaughtered;
the sacred meol(mola salsa), conllisting of far, o IIOrt of
wheat, and solt, wns prepared by the priestesses of Vesta ;
hence, saerifices in general, e. g. hostias: Immanis ac bar-
bara consuetudo hominum immolandorum. Cie.-Macte
(Vocative of magere, mactum, inus.), be praised os happy!
(be blessed!) an exclamation dil1;lcted to tbe deity during
sacrifices, and a formula of well-wisbing in praising a person:
Jupiter, m a c t e fercto esto! Cato. M a c l e ",irtule! Cie.
Macti ",irlme, milites, este 1 Liv. Euge 1 exclamation oC
joy: E u g e, jam lepidus ",ocor. Ter. [Macte, the same root
with magan, old high Germao, making more, great.]
659. MAGIS, PLUS, AMPLlUS; MAXIMI ESTIMARE, PLU-
IUMI ESTIMARE, FACERE. -Magis, obsolete Mage (ma-
gere, 658.), more, of intensity, and in the sense of strength-
ening the meaning, stands with reference to qualities and
conditions; Plus, more, according to measure, is used oC
quantitative magnitudes, in reference to plurality, mass, in
short, every thing wbich can be mell!!ured or inereased, wbere
in the positive multu7I1 would be used; A m pi i u s, more, still
more, aeeording to spaee and time, of extensive magnitudes,
refers to circumferenee, extension, nnd duration: Nil ",idetur
mundius, nec magis compositum quicquam, nee magis ele-
gans. Ter. Roma p 1 u s triduo fuil. Cic. Virtus p 1 u s
proficit ad miserieordiam commovendam. Id. Ai'I'lplius
sunt sex mens/ls. Id.- Maximi astimare, esteem the
highest, very highly, designates the value of itself, incapable
of still greater inerease; Plurimi astimare, fatere,
csteem the highest, designating the preferenee of tbe esteemed
subjeet before others: Est hominis maglli atque sapientis,
maximi astimare eonsC'ientiam mentis 8tkB. Cie. He-
phastionem unum Ale.xander plurimi fecerat. Nep.
-660. MAGNUS, lNGENS, GRANDlS, AMPLUS, PROCERUS,
VASTUS, ENORMIS; MAJOR, MAJOR NATU, GRANDlS NATU;
MAGNITUDO, AMPLITUDO, MAJE STAS, MAGNIFICENTIA. Mag-
nus (mogere, 658., XI, 1.), large, grelrt, in general, with
reference to extension nnd power, e. g. acertJus, ingenium;
Ingens (going beyond al! of the same gens, that is, of the
same kind), uncommonly, very, exceedinglylarge: De ge-
nere omni maxuma qua ",idit quisque, hac ingentiajingit.
Lucret. Ingenium ingens. Hor. Grandis, large, ac-
cording to growth Ol cubic capacity, that is, bulk: Grandia
.andarnmus hordea sulcis. Virg.,large grains. Grande""
aoo 661. Malus.
orationem pro longa dieimus. Cic. A m p 1 u s, wide, sl?acious,
large, according to external circumferenee and eapaciousneS8
within, e. g. domus; theatrum magnitudine amplissimum.
Cie. In ampli88ima eivitate, ampli8simo loco natus.
Id. Proeerus, 64, tall, large, as to height, and slender,
very high, very tall, e. g. alnus, populus; Va8tu8, im-
mensely large, used of largeness whieh ereates fear, horror,
unpleasnnt feeling: Belua v a8ta et immanis. Cie. V tlstu.
homo atque fredus. Id., eolossal, c1umsily shapen. In vultu
motuque eorporis vastu8 atque agrestis. Id., c1umsy, clown-
ish. Enormis, irregular, beyond measure large, huge;
met with only in later writers, e. g. hasta: Statura foit emi-
nenti, corpore enormi. Suet., i. e. quod justam staturam
ezcederet. - M aj o r, the eldest of sons and brothers, in con-
tradistinetion to the later boro, e. g. Balbus minor; maj oro
Cc. Major natu, he who stands in hig/ler yeara,older:
Aliquot annis major natu; Ennius fuit major nata,
quam Plaulus et N(p:/)ius. Cie. Grandi8 natu, old, oC
ndvaneed age: Grandes nalu ,natres. Cre.-Magni-
tu d o, the magnitude, that is, extent or extension oC whatever
the subjeet may be, e. g. mundi, reris alieni, animi. .A m-
pi i t u d o, imposing magnitude, by its eireumference (vast-
ness) or elevation (height): Egregia eorporis amplitudo
el speeies. Suet. Amp-litudo est potentia, aut majestatl.s,
aut aliquarum copiarum magna abundantia. Cic. M aj e s-
ta8, elevation, greatness of elevated, dignified subjects, sub-
jects worthy of our fullest eonsideration: M aj e s t a s est am-
plitudo ae dignitas civitatis. Cic. Ea amplitudo Jovis
templi, qua ipsius etiam loei majestate esset digna. Liv.
Magnificentia, the greatness and elevation of eharaeter
in our mode of thinking, acting, and arrangements: verborum,
adium regiarum, epularum: M a g n if ice n tia. est rerum
magnarum et exeelsarum cum animi ampla quadam et splen-
dida propositione agitatio atque administratio. Cie.
661. MALUS, MALlGNUS, MALITlOSUS, !MPROBUS, PRA-
YUS, NEQUAM; MALUM, CALAMITAS, Il'IFORTUNIUM, MISERIA..
Mdlu8, bad, wicked, physically and morally, e. g. vinum,
animus, consuetudo; Malignu8, malign, jIJ.disposed, unfn-
vorable, grudging, opp. benignus, e. g. oculi, 8uspicio: Mili-
tum ira.ex malignitate prada partita. Liv. Maliti-
08U8, malieious, disposed to hurt in a erafty manner, taking
satisfaction in thus hurting: M al i t i o s a juris interpretatio.
Cie. Improbu8, that which does not hold the proof, test,
301
e. g. merces; in general that whieh, aeeording to universal
opiniQn, cannot be approved, unjust, flagitious, criminal: 1m-
proborum jacta i1l8equitur accusator, tum judez. Cie.
Minister improb'issima crudelitatis. Id. Pravus, that
which is mis.bent, erippled, e. g. membrum; Jumenta prava
atque deformia. ClEs., deviating irregularIy from the rule,
bad as to form: Interest inter rectum et pravum. Ce.
,P r a v a adolescentium c01l8ilia. ClEs. Catilina foit ingenio
malo pravoque. SalI., of innate vicious eharacter, to whieh
he remained faithful in his mode of aetion. Pravus signi-
fles what we express in many calles by vicious, when it does
not dellignate full of vice, but a high degree of deviation from
the norma, evil. NiJquam, one who is fit for notbing, a
opp. jrug, 474. Nequ'am non malum
. Bignijicat, sed inutilem. Vel. Long. - M alum, evil of every
kind, inasmueh as it is felt or inflieted, evil, misfortune; . C a-
lamitas, 296, properly, injury done by season or weather,
a misfortune eonneeted with injury and 1088, a ealamity :
Locs ex calamitate populi Romani et internecione ezer-
citus nomen capit. Creso Injortunium, the misfortune in-
flieted by fate, henee unavoidable: Ni paret patri jilius,
habiturus est injortttnium. Liv. Miseria, misery,
afHietion, the effeet of great and enduring evil, whieh makes
us feel unhappy: In miseria esse. Cie., but in malis
esse, is being in misfortune, e. g. in poverty, disease, perse-
eution, &e., by whieh the miseria is eaused.
662. MANDARE, JUBERE, IMPERARE, PXECIPERE. Man-
dare, 385, giving a eharge, a eommission with the plainest
possible words (perhaps just as the Germanll haya the ein-
kauen, in tbis sense, ehewing the subjeet into small particles,
and thus making it plain); ordering, eommanding something
to be done: Casar Labieno mandat, Belgas adeat atque in
officio contineat. ClEs. Diem memoria mandare. Cie. Ju-'
bere, ordaining lawfully, in virtue of law, because it is right,
or beeause we have a right: Lez jubet ea, qua jacienda
&Unt. Cie. Legem populus Romanus juuit de civitate tri-
buenda. Id. Imperare, ordain from authority, the plenitude
of power, with supreme power and irresistibly, for absolute
observanee of the order or eommand: Quti bene imperat,
paruerit aliquando necesse est. Cie. Quod jU8llus sum,
ea tempore atque ita jeci, ut appareret, invito imperatum
e .. e. Id. Pracipere, 553, to prescribe, whieh one may
do who has neither power Dor the right to do it.: lllrul
26
663. Manere. 665. Manus.
prtBcipiendum fuit, t diligentiam adhiberemw in cani-
ritiiB comparandis. Cic.
663. MANERE, REMAN ERE, COMMORARI, HABITARE, Ca-
LED, mCOLERE; P.ERIllANERE, PERSEVERARE, PERSISTERB.
PEESTARB. Manere, remaining, not leaving a place. aad .
in general not changing the condition: Manere in patria,
in o.fficio; Remanere, remaining behind, if others leave tbe
place: Qui per causam ."aletudinis reman,eruat. ea..
Commorari, tarrying at a place; remaining,of longar du-
ration; Habitare, dwelng, living at a place, having it for
permanent residence; Commorandi natura de'Der.oritati
nom, non I&abitandi dedito Cic. Calere, 3O,.to inbabi1
a place, inasmuch as we cultivate it, or have our calling tbere :
Volea colunt circa utramque ripam Rhodani. Cres. I ...
colere, 544, having one's customary residence in a place or
country, being at home there. -Permanere, reroaioing
lvith sometbiog, not changing in tbe least one's condition far
a certain period; Pe r. e." e r a r e, persevering in a thing with
nrmness in one's purpose, despite of obstacles, difficulties, and
external resistance; continuing in a subject without payiog
atte.ntion to disturbances: Athenis jam ille tIlO. a Cecrope
permansit. Cic. Egregie ad ultimum in audacter coa-
misso certamine pe r s e ver a." i t. Liv. Insipientis m; ita-
errore perseverare. Cic. Per.i.tere, persisting in
NOmething, in passion, obstinacy (P e r s e ver a r e, from prin-
cipie, and with conviction) ; Per.tare, standing firm, per-
l>evcring in something, by no meaos deviating from it,.ar giv.
ing it up; it is the consequence of persistere: Pertinacisri-
mus fueris, si in ea perstiteris, ad corpus ea, t'IMB dm.
riferre. Cic. Pe r s t a t -in sententia Saturius. Id.
664. MANTELE, MAPPA. Mantele, Mantile, Mante.
Hum, a cloth oflinen, and like fustian, as towel and napkin;
M a p p a, the proper napkio, shorter than the mantele, which
the host fumished; the mappa was brought by tbe guest:
Attulerat nI a p p a 1/1 nemo, dum jurta timentur: m a n t i 1 e e
mtmsa surripit Hermogtl'll88. Martial.
665. MANUS, PALMA, PUGNUS, VOLA; MANUS - PERREA.
HARPAGO. Manu., the hand, inasmuch as it can grasp
something with the fingers, and can perform something with
them; manum, manu. conserere, to come to strokes, lo
fight man to roan; P a 1 m a, the paIm, the ioner surface o
the haoo, if stretched out; Pugn,u, the fist: Zeno ,.".
l'.ompreS8erlll digitos pugnumque fecerlll, dialectizm aiebGl,
666. Mare. 668. Margo. 303
qllum autem diduxerat et manum dilatarat, palma illiua
llimilem eloquentiam esse dicebat. Cic. Vol a, the hollow
band, also the hollow, vault of the foot, the bending of too
sole ofthe foot.-Manus ferrea, an iron hook fastened to
a ebain; Harpgo, a bar or pole with an iron hook fast-
ened to a chnin; both used for entering vessels: Ferrei,
m a n i b u s injeetis naves religafJerant. Creso .Asseres ferreo
-unco prajizi. (harpagones vocant) ex Punicis navibua in-
jici in Romanas eapti. Liv.
666. MARE, OcEANUS, PONTUS, PELAGUS, JEQUOR, SALUM,
FRETUM. M are, tl)e sea, in contrndistinction f.o the conti-
nent or land, terra; Oeeanus, the ocean, which, according
to the ancients, was a vast stream flowing around the earth ;
Pon tus, the open sea, especially sorne particular part of the
sea, or sorne particular sea, e. g. the Mediterranean; but by
way of excellence, the.Black Sea was called PontulI, Pon-
t u s Eu:.cinus: Ecce m a r i s magna elaudit nos objiee pon t u s :
deest jam terra fuga. Virgo Pelgus tbe high
sea, depth of the sea, contrndistinguished to the sea near tbe
abore: Ut pe 1 a g u 11 tenuere rates, nee jam ampliua ullG
occurrit telws. Virgo .tE q u o r, the plain of the sea, tba
main: Quid tam planum videtur, quam mare 1 e qua eliam
tBquor illud poeta vocant. Cic. Slum, the agitated, heav-
ing sea: Nee tam arumnollo navigavissem salo. Cic. Fre-
tum, the roaring sea, pressed between two approaching
coasts, the strnit; poetically, aIso, for a certain sea: .lEsfus
maritimi fretorumque angustia ortu et obitu luna eommo-
venturo Cic.
667. MARGARITA, UNIO. Margarita, rarer Marga-
ritum the pearl in general; Unio, the single
pearl, as unique on account of size and beauty: Gignit et
Oceanus margarita, lIed subfusea et liventia. Tac. Vitel-
liua ex aure matris detractum un ion e m pigneravit ad itine-
ris impensas. Suet.
668. MARGO, ORA, CREPIDO. Margo, the rim, margin,
which limits something, encloses it, e. g. scuti, libri: Flumen
per villam fluit marginibull lapideis. Varr. Ora, 644,
the end of a long, thin body, the outermost broad border,
where a surface ends: Galli oram extrema silva circumse-
derant. Liv. Cr epi d o, the rim as elevated, firm border,
enchasing, as protection; a wall near a river, high road, a
shore: Myoparo usque ad forum, et ad omnes urb3
(oSgraeusarum) erepidines accessit. Cie., dama against the
inroads of the sea.
669. Mater. 671. Mederi.
669. MATER, GENITRIX. Mater, the mother, who hu
given birth to ehildren, young ones; Genitri:r:, antique
Genetriz, the genitress, the molher, inasmueh as ehildren
or a raee descend frolO her: Geminos mater ipsa inter-
no88e non poterat, qUtB Ul08 pepererat. Plaut. Mater om-
nium bonarum rerum est 8apientia. Cie. Frogum genitri:r:.
Ovid., i. e. Ceres. Magna deum genetd:r:. Virgo
670. MATURUS, TEMPESTIVUS, COCTUS; PR&IIIATURUS,
PRlECOX. Milturu8 (mtere, properly, fit to be mown),
ripe,of fruits, whieh have arrived at perfeetion: M a turi8
albescit me8sis aristis. Ovid. Progenie8 matura militia.
Liv. Tempestivu8, 257, of fruits, when they bave attained
the proper age, time for maturity, untimely, somewhat like
seasoned: Tempestivo8 froetus ex be8tiis capere. Cie.
Nondum tempestivo ad navigandum mari Siciliam adiit.
Id. Coetu8, eooked, brought to perfeet maturity by the
heatofthesun: Poma matura et coeta decidum. Cie.-
PrtBmaturus, premature, ripe befare the proper time, un-
timely, e. g. froctus cucumeris; PrtBmatura mor8, "iems.
PrtBco:r:, PrtBCoqui8, and PrtBcoquus, ripening before
the time, of fruits whieh attain to maturity earlier than otbera
of the same speeies: Pira prtBco cia. Colum.
67!. MEDERI, MEDICARE - RI, SANARE, CURARE; MEDI-
CINA, MEDICAMEN, MEDICAMENTUM, REMEDIUM. Mederi,
helping the suffering, or subduing the evil from whieh he
&luffers: Fuerunt, qui morbi8, alii, qui vulneribus, alii, qui
oculis mederentur. Cie. Medicare, strengthening the
natural vital power by artificial means, adding it as eondiment
to something, dying: Semina medicant serentes et nitro
prius perfundunt. Virgo M e d i c a re tuos desiste capilloB.
Ovid. Medicad, beeoming physician la same one, euring
by the applieation of healing means: Non DardanitB medi-
cad cuspidis ictum evaluit. Vipg. Sanare, making souna,
the effeet of mederi and medicari: PhertBi Jasonis vomieam
fanare mediei ,non potueront. Cia. Curare, reestablish-
ing health by care and attention: Vomitione canes, purgatione
autem alvos ibes .lEgyptitB e tt r a n t. Cia. - M e die i n a, Be.
ar8, the healing art; so. res, the healing mean s, medicine in
OOlh its adaptations: An m e d i cin a ara non putanda est '1
Cie. Medieinam adhwere rei publicaJ. Id. Medica-
men, a physio, a poison, as medieal substanee; Medica-
mentum, as medical ~ e a n s Medicamine lacla deJluzerB
'Oma, Ovid. Si qui medicamentum cuipiam clederit tuJ
672. Merliu. 674. Memi_e.
aquam intercutem. Cie. Re,nedium, a remedy, a pbysie
whieh is effeetive against a eomplaint, cures it: Temponbu.t
1&ibernis ad magnitudinem frigorum sibi remedium com-
pararat. Cie.
672. MEDIUS, DIMIDIUS, DIMIDIATUS, DIVIDUUS; MEDIo.
CRIS, MODlCUS. M e d i u s, in tbe middle, at equal distance
from both ends oC opposite sides or two extremes: Ver8U8
aque prima, et media, et eztrema pars attenditur. Cie.
Medium erat in Anco ingenium, et Numa, et Romuli me
mor. Liv. Medium, tbe middle, centre: diei, campi. Di
midius, half, the one part of a thing divided in the middle,
i. e. equally divided: Luna est major, quam dimidia paf'.
terra. Cie. Dimidium pecunia. Id. Dimidiatus, di.
vided by halves, halved: Dimidium est, quod ez dimidi-
ato pars altera esto Gell. E:remit ez anno unum dimidia-
t"mque "/./11Isem. Cie. Dividuus, divided, separated, of
a permanent state: Candida dividua colla tegente coma.
Ovid.-Medicris, that whieh holda the mean between
two extremes, with the idea of the common, vulgar; not un
like our mean. Moditus, that wbich is within the proper
measure, just right, moderate: Mea pecunia est ad tndgi
opinione", m e d i ocril.; ad meam m o d i c a. Cic.
673. MEMBRUM, ARTUS, ARTICULUS. Memhrum m o ~
lIere), the limb, as movable and essential part oC the body:
Memhrorum, id est, parti"m corporis, alia propter e.orutll
IIsum 8fInt donata, lit manus, crura, pedes,ut ea, qua 8fIm
int", in eorpore. Cie. Artu" the joint, the movable con
nexion of the bones in animal bodies: Artu. dicti, quod
membra membris artent"r. Fest., hence tbe larger limbs, as
limbs unlted by joints': Ambusti multorum artus vi frigo-
riso Tae. Articulus, the joint in the narrowest sense, io
plants the knot, al80 the single joint between two oC these
joints: Ipso in articulo, quo jungitur capiti cervi:r. Liv.
Hominis digiti articulos 1&ahent ternos, pollez bino
Plin.
674. MElIUNISSE, REMINJl!CI, REeoRDARI. Meminillll8,
remembering, having received something into one's memory,
and not yet having Corgotten it: M e m i n,i 88 e est rem como
mislam memoria custodire: at contra le i r e, est et 8fIa fa.
cere quaque, nec ah ezemplari pende re. Senee. R e m i n i I ti,
calling baek into the memory, colleeting one's mind, tbinking
oC something; Recordad, recalling Bomething in one'.
mind, and meditating upoo it: Memini, quid milti ,..
, 26
306 676. Menda. 677. Mensa.
BUa8eris, idque 'fZpe ingemiacen& s u m re c o r d a t".. Cie.
Quum in loca aliqua post tempus reversi sumus, non ip.a ag-
nDscimua tantum, .ed etUB, qua in hia fecerimus, remini.-
cimur. Quinetil.
676. MENDA, MENDUM, VITIUM. Menda, a blemish,
spot, whieh diminishes the proper qualities, e. g. a mole,
wart, a short limb; Mendum, sueh a blemish in general,
something faulty: Rara tamen mendiJ facies eMet: occule
na e n d a s. Ovid. Libri lunt- 'tifecti: tantum librariorum.
menda tolluntur. Cie. Vitium, 40, a fault, hy whieh
something beeomes defective, spoiled, a deformity or defeet:
Quod vituperabile est per se ipsum, id eo ipso vitium nomi-
natum JYldo. Cie. Nih est in parietibus aut in tetto vi-
tii. Id.
676. MENDACIUM, FALSUM, FICTUM, V ANUM; MENDACIUM
DICERE, MENTIRI. EMENTIRI. Mendacium (mendax, of
Iying disposition), a lie, a false statement, invented with tha
ntention to deeeive : Improbi hominis f.t, m e n d a ci o fal-
lere. Cie. FaZI'1J,m, 427, the falsity, that whieh is false, the
untruth, if something is not that whieh it appears tobe, or if
words do not agree with the thing itself: Fama, q"fZ vera
tJddere falsa gaudet, et a minimo suaper mendacia cres-
cit. Ovid. Fictum, that whieh is fietitious; it may be in-
vented also by thoughtlessness, sportiveness, &c.: Fama, tana
ficti pravique tenax, quam nuntia veri. Virgo Van"na,
108, that whieh is empty, vain, without sterling eontents, as
that whieh the story-teller, the boastful, &C. say, or he who
maltes empty promises: MfZrenti vana qUfZdam atque in-
ania, falsa spe ind'uctus, pollicebar. Cie. - M endacium
dicere, telling a lie, merely pronouneing it; Mentiri, Iy-
ing, with thoughtfulness: Direram leni mendacium e'
de Mspite el de auro. Plaut. Erat Epami1londas adeo "eri.
tatia diligens, ut ne joco quidem 1l!entiretur. Nep.-
Mentid rem, lying something, pretending falsely, and giv-
ing a false appearanee to a thing; Ementiri, stronger.
designa tes boldly lying, asserting with effroQtery something
radically lmtrue: Pullarius auspicium mentid ausus en.
Li\'. Mentiri& juvenem tinctis capillis. Martial. Vanitat
ementiendfZ stirpis. Liv.
- 677. MENSA, ABACUS. Menaa, tabIe in general: CilNJ..
ra apposita in mensam. Cie. Syracusia menlfZ. Id.,
richly eovered tables. Abdcus, a smaller table for making-
ct.lculations. ror games, dra.wing mathematieal figures.; espe.
678. Mensura. 681. Merere. 307
ciallya toilet-table, with eostIy vases, &e.: A baco8 ornatlit
argento auroque calato. Cie.
678. MENSURA, MODUS, MODULUS. Men8ura, the meas-
ure, as definite proportion of magnitude in a body: Men8u-
ra robors ulnas quinque ter implebat. Ovid. Modus, the
measure, by whieh a magnitude is measured: M o d.i, quibus
metiuntur rura. Varr. Modulus, the stiek, the rod with
whieh we measure: Metiri 8e quemque SUD modulo ac pede'
verum esto Hor.
679. MERCATURA, COMMERCIUM; MERcATus, NUNDlN,JE.
M e r c a t u r a, trade, traffic, tha exohange of eommodities, as
action of the merchant; Comme'1'ciu7ll, the business of the
merehant, eommercial intercourse, the commerce, as the
great branch of industry: Cives mercaturas faciebant.
Cie. Mare magnum commercia prohibebat. Sall.-
M ercatu8, the trading with goods as a state, the public sale,
a fair; N ~ n d i n a tha market-day: Ubi tum comitia habe.
bant, 'bi nunc fit mercatus. Varr. Cremona magna,pars
Italia, stato in eosdem dies mercatu, congregata. Tae.
Minucius farris pretium in trnis nundinis ad assem re
degit. Plin.
680. MEReEs, PRETIUM, STIPENDlUM, SALARlunI, PENSlO.
Merces, Gen. cedi8 (merx, mercari), tha agreed wages fOl
serviees performed, the hire; in general every eompensation,
reward, recompense for good or bad deeds: M er e e d e di
urna conductus. Hor. Operis mercedem negare. Ovid.
Pretium, price, as value of a oommodity, and as a como '
pensation in conformity to the value of a thing: Ager magno
pretio coemtus. Cie. Magni pretium certaminis. Ovid.
Stipendium, the pay of a soldier, and the military serviee
itself: Stipendium militibus numerare; Milites, qui jam
stipendiis confectis erant, dimisit. Cie. Sdlarium, a
pay in kind, originalIy in salt, later in other articles of food,
and finalIy in money: &natorum nobilissimo cuique, sed 4
re familiari destituto, annua 8 a l a ri a con8tituit. Suet.
Pensio, the payment: Carthaginienses 8tipendium plu-
ribus pe n 8 ion i b u s in multo8 annas debebant. Liv.
681. MERERE - al, DIGNUM ESSE, DE - PaoMERERI.
Merere, aequiring, earning something: Nec mininum me
r"ere (Poeta) decus, ausi celebrare domestica facta. Hor.,
henee merere 8tipendia, doing military servioe; merere
pedibus, equo, serving on foot, on horse; Mereri, deserving,
having a titIe lo reward, ar being guilty of something, e. g.
682. Mwgwe. 685. Merz.
lmulem, pmnam: M ereri de re publica; male mered tU
aliquo. Dignum ease, being worthy of, having-a claim oC
reward on account oC and proportionate to certain advautages,
merits, &c., and being proportionate as reward to tbese mer
its or recompense, &c.: Dignum esse hospitio, honoribua,
euilio, odio; and Qui mmror dignus inveniri in eallJffli
tate tanta potest 1 Cie.- Demereri, obliging another by our
merit: Demerendi tam potentem civitatem mm
quam parem occasionen& dabunt dii. Liv. Promereri, re
ceiving as proportionate compensation for services perCormed :
Levius reus punuus, quam est promeritus. Cic. -
682. MERGERE, DEMERGERE, URINARI. Mergere, clip.
ping into, placing a body into a liquid; Demergere, letting
down something into a depth, making it sink so far that it
becomes invisible to us (German versenken): Brachia mero
sit in aqtlas. Ovid. Naves demergere, sinking tbem.
Urinari, immerging, remaining for a longer period under
the water: Si quando nos demersimus, uf ql;'i urinan
tur, aut nihil stlperom, aut admodum obsmre eernimus. Cic.
683. MERIDIES, MEDlUS DIES. Meridies, nooo, as tbe
point and time when the sun stands highest, also the soutb, as
region, as in many languages the soutb is called tbe noon;
Medius dies, mid-day, the middle time oC tbe day: A
meridie prope ad sols occasum pugnabatur. Creso Medio
die greges ad vallem perdueamus. Colum.
684. VINUM, TEMETUM. Merum, the unmixed
wine, i. e. unmixed witb water; entire wine [it is not contra.
distinguished from adulterated wine, or otherwise mixed wine,
as our "juice oC the grape" is, but only from the mixture oC
wine and water]; Vi 11. U m, wine; Te m et u m, wine, as in
toxicating liquor: eras genium mero curabis. Hor.; more
commonly mertlm vinum. Mulieres Roma vino semper,
quod temetum prisco lingtta appellatur, abstinusse di-
mm. Gell. -
_ 685. MERX, MERCIMONIUM, SCRUTA. Merlt, generaUy in
the plural Me r e e s, ware, commodity, as the movable sub-
ject of traffic; Mercimonium, a8 good, commodity in gen.
eral, the object of traffic in general; Scrt a,old, halCbroken
ware, somewhat like our tro1T!-pery: PraJco, ad merces tur
bam qui cogit emendas. Hor. NiBi mancipio aecipio, quid eo
mihi opus mercimonio 1 Plaut., oC a Cemale slave. Ser u-
t a uf vendat BCrtltariUS laudat, praifraetam strigilem, soleam
dimidiatam. Lucil.
686. Metiri. 689. Mini&trare. S09
686. METlRI, METARI. Metiri, measuring, e. g. mundi,
magnitudinem, frumentum; Metad, determining the extent
of a measured place by marks of limit, marking off a place,
e. g. agrum: Expositis copiis Romani castra in
tumulls metantur. Liv. ,
687. ME'ruERE, TllIIERE, VERERI, FORlIIIDARE, TREPI-
DARE, TREMERE, P AVERE. M e t u e r e, apprehending an evil,
fearing, designales the apprehension of the calculating and
cautious; Ti m e r e, fearing, designales the fear o the dis-
prited and coward (timidus): A me insidias metuunt. Cc.
Ti m e o Danaos el dona ferentes. Virgo Ve r e ri, shunning,
from fear of evil consequences, from esteem or reverence:
Ca!sar quum ipse abesset, motum Gallia! verebatur. Cres.
Appium metuebant servi, verebantur liberi. Cie. For-
midare (formido, a scare-crow, an image of horror),'feel-
ing lasting and violent fear, used of fear which has risen lo
horror, with excited magination, e. g. alicujus iracundiam.
Trepidare, showing anxiety, running to and fro, is used
of all manifestations of sudden fear, anxiety, and appre-
hension: .Quum victi mures artos circu7n trepidarent
cavos. Phredr. Tremere, trembling from fear and fright,
the effect of the violent, passion upon the nervous system:
Totus tremo horreoque,postquam adspexi lIanc. Ter. Po.-
vere (in German beben), differs from tremere by the slower
yet greater vacillations in the nner organs, and designates
the anxiety which causes a higher pulsation of the heart, and
disturbs the proper functions of the soul: Navem horrisono
freto noctem p a ven t e s timidi adnectunt nauta!. Cic.
688. MIGRARE, PEREGRINARI, PROFICISCI, !TER FACERE.
Migrare (meare), emigrating, that is, choosing- another
domicile: Lucumonem consilium migran di ab Tarquiniis
apit. Liv. Peregrinari (being a peregrinus, 32, that
is), sojourning or travelling without the place or country of
one's home: Peregrinari in aliena civitate, non in tua
magistratum gerere 'lJideris. Cc. Proficisci, travelling,
designates the continued progress on one's way; [ter fa-
cere, 590, designales only the movement, making way:
Capua profectus sum Formias; Cia.
689. MINISTRARE, ApPARBRE, SERVIRE, :QE-INSERVIRE;
PREBERE, SUGGERERE, SUPPEDlTARE. Min'istrar8, af-
fording to sorne one the necessary aid in obtaining his ohjeot,
serving sorne one: Fac ut ministres mihi, quum mihi
sacrijicem. Plaut. l p par e r e, waiting upoo another,
310
690. Minuere. 691. Mirarl.
iDg before one's superior io await his directions and to exe
cute tbem: Quatuor et viginti lictores apparere consuli
Jw. Liv. SU'vire, serving, doing service; properly, being
a slave (servus): Huic domino usque serviamus. Catull.
Servire tempori,fama, paying great attention to it, shaping
ODe's eourse accordingly. Deservire, designates the oh-
jeet of the serving person, being entirely ready to be at tbe
disposition of some one: OjJicia mea, opera, vigilitE d e s e r
viant amicis,prtEStosuntomnibus. Cie. Inservire, using
one's service for anotber, designates tbe direetion of the en
deavour: A quo plurimum sperant, ei potissimum inservi-
unto Cie. - Ministrare, waiting upon witb something,
offering sometbing as servant, assistant: Ganymedes pocula
miflistrans. Cie. Prabere, holding forth, out, affording,
10 tbe satisfaction of tbe receiver, according to his desire ot
want: Corpora prabemus plagis. Ovid. Locus lautiaque
kgatis praberijussa. Liv. Suggerere, furnisbing, more
tban out suggesting: Flamma virgea suggeritur amo.
Virgo Qui causas docent, argumentorum copiam sugge
rUtll. Ce. Suppeditare (pes), prope"rly, footing firmly;
keeping one's stand bravely: Si, om8sis his rebus omnibus,
qUJus RO$ suppedi t amus, eget ilie (Catiljna). Ce., by
which we can stand Catiline, can brave him; hence, furnish.
ing something in sufficient plenty, procuring: luxuria sum
tus. Lucret. Suppeditabit nobis Atticus lestes. Cic.
690. MINUERE, TENUARE, RAREFACERE. Minuere, min-
king, lessening, according to extent, number, or intensity:
Faces ramaliaque minuit, parvoque admovit aeno. Ovid.
Minuere laborem, auctoNtatem alicui; opp. augere. Te.
nuare, thinning, i. e. making tbin: Assiduo vomer tenua-
tur ab usu. Ovid. Tenuare iram, weakening, the inner
power and strength; minuere, lessening the violenee, tba
eruplions ofrage. Rarefacere, separating the single par
ticIes of a thing, wbieh lie elose together, rarefying, e. g.
vapprs, air: Sol radiis terram dimovit abartis et ra refe.
cit. Lucret., making it loose.
691. MIRARI, An - DEMIRARI, SUSPICERE, STUPERE.
Mirad, wondering, being in a state of wonderment, and
admiring j A d m ira d, gazing at something, showing one's
wonder at something uncommon j Demirari, occupying
one's self entirely with a subject of wonder or admiration. and
remaining thus for a time: Cervus ramosa mirans laudat
cornua. Phredr. A dmirantur omnia, qua magna et prtBter
692. Mise,.. 694. ModeraN.
311
op&nwnem suam animadverterunt. Cic. Me, pr'opter que1I&
cllten liber sunt, tibi liberum R01& visum, demiror. Id.
Suspicere, looking from below up to something great, with
admiration, esteeming highly, opp. despicere: Eos viro
uspidunt, in quibus existimant se ezcellentes quasdam el
singulares perspicere virtutes. Cc. Stupere, properly,
being duU, i. e. being stupefied by sudden frigbt, wondering,
so tbat we have lost our senses for tbe time: Pa'vida puella
stupet;, Li\". Hunc versum ita agit Roscius, ut proximos
adspiciat, admiretur, stupescat. Cie.
692. MI SER, INFRLIX, LABORIOSUS; MISERERI, MISERARI,
MISERESCERE. Miser, one who suffers from an evil so
mueh that he ereates interest and eompassion, wretched (as
ta situation): Miseris et laborantibus nihil negare p088Uo
mus. Cie. Infeliz:, ineapable of production, sterile; and,
unlucky, one who does not suceeed in any tbing: Salsa tel-
lus, frugibus infelix. Virgo Cro:r: infelici et arumnolo
parabatur. Ce. Laboriosul, fuIl of toil and msery,
worred down, plagued (not tormented, for tarment mayex-
cite tbe energy of resistanee): Magno ille cruciatus perfe-
rebat: nec tamen miser esse, quia. summum id malum non
erat, tantummodo laboriosus videbatur. Cic.-Misereri,
feeling eompassion at th13 misfortune and misery of another;
Mis e r e t m e, 1 feel the deepest pity, I pity sincerely; Mi-
lerari, sbowing one's eompassion, deploring, eommiserat-
iog; Miserescere, beeoming eompassionate, being moved,
expresses the gradual growtb of tbis state of compassion :
11li etiam quum misereri mei debent, non desinunt invi-
dere. Ce., passive: Commune est, ut supplicum miserea-
tur. Id. Turni sortem miserantur iniquam. Virgo Ar-
cadii, q'UlUO, miserescite regia. Id.
693. MISSIO, EXAUCTORATIO. Missio, the mission, tbe
sending away or despatching., discharge of soldiers: honuta
l. justa, after the lawful time of service, witb foot soldiera
twenty years, witb eavalry ten; causara, on account of age
or physieal unfitness; gratiosa, by peculiar favor; ignomini-
_ Ola, witb disgrace. E:t:auctoratio, tbe absolution of a
soldier from bis oath, and his discharge, entire or partial, by
tlJe authority of tbe eommander: Exercitum purgare mis-
.ionibus turbulentorum hominum. Liv. Delectus omSSUI
est; exauctorati, qui sacramento di:r:erant. Id.
694. MODERARI, REGERE, DIRIGERE, GUBERNARE. M 0-
el ertJri, moderating, giving the right measure to power,
312 695. Modificari. 697. Mola.
'Yiolence, .rapidity j righting, giving the rigbt direc-
tion to sorne aetivity, and keeping it therein; Dirigere,
directing entirely right, e. g. cursum .navis, steeriilg directly
for a point j res ad rationem civitatis. Cie., henee r!!ctu8,
straight, not erooked, right: Recta perge. Cie., 8C. viii.
A recta conscientia ttOn diacedere. Id. Directu8, placed
in a straight direetion, running, proeeeding in it, e. g. acies:
Ducta et directa via. Cie. Gubernare, properly, guid-
ing the rudder j influeneing or ehanging tbe direetion of a
speeies of aetivity, aeeording to eireumstanees, guiding it:
Piso naves solvit, moderabaturque cursu-i, qua propiva
regrederetur. Tae., he sailed slower. Non voluptate, sed
ojJicio consilia mo derantes; mo derari ira. Cie. Se-
quitur victam, non regit arte, ratem. Ovid. Deus mundi
modum regit atque tuetur. Cie. Rect-or et moderator
mundi. Id., the ruler and guide, who assigns the true eourse
to the things, maintains tbem in it, and who the proper
sphere to every thing, thus bringing aH things lOto their just
relation and proportion. Aura dabit cursum: ipse g u b e r-
na bit (ratem) residens in puppe. Ovid. Fortuna motvm
ralione quadam gubernabimus. Cie. Consilio ac sapl-
entia regere ac gubernare rem publicam. Id.
695. MODIFICARI, TEMPERARE. Modificari, measur-
ing sometbing aeeording to a eertain measure, in order to
bring into harmony with the wbole j Temperare, moderat-
ing, mitigating tbat whieh s too large, too mueh in a thing:
Pythagoras, quanta longinquitas carporis mensura pedis
conveniret, modificatus esto Gell., passive: Membra
orationia m o d ifi cal a esse debebant. Ce. Salia tum ac-
cessus modici, tum recessus el frigoris et caloris modum
temperant. Cie. Temperare manwus, a lacrimis, ah-
stain.
696. MODO, NUPER. Modo, 379, only, just now, i. e.
past, near or elose to the point of (actual or already men-
tioned) present time j Nuper (novus-per), lately, not dis-
tant from tbe present time: Nuper homines nobiles ejus-
modi; et quid dico nuper1 immo vero modo, ac plaM
palo ante vidimus. Cie.
697. MOLA, PISTRINUM. Mola, the mili for grinding,
whieh in aneient times eonsisted ofa firm eone (meta), and a
movable funnel (catinus) of lava j Pistrinum, the place
where the grain was beaten in mortars, but afier the inven-
tion of handmills, was ground: Plautus ob quarenum vict1lfa
698. Mollis. 701. Mori. 313
tul circumagend.as molas, qua trusatiles appeUanttr,
operam pistori locavit. Gell.
698. MOLLIS, TENER; EFFEMINATUS. M o II i8, 80ft, pli-
able, that which easily yields to pressure, without breaking or
cracking: cera caseus: Gallorum mena m o 11 i, ac minime
rwlens ad calamitates perferendas. Cres. Tener, tender,
tIlat whieh can be easily iJljured on account of ts thin, weak
component parts: &getum tenera herba. Virgo Tenera
alas. Ovid. Effeminatu8, effeminate, having become too
tender, spoiled, e. g. llOmo, VOIl:: In actione fiigiend.um est,
fie quid effeminatum aut mo.lle, et 116 quid durum aut
rustcum 8it. Ce.
699. MOMENTUM, PUNeTuM. Momentum (movere), tbe
small particle or 'division of time within whieh 80Illething
moves, happens: HorfB momento cita mors venit. Hor.
Punctum (pungere), point, the smallest partiele of time, as
limit: P u n c t o temporis eodem mihi reiqv.e publicfB pernicie6
rogata e8t. Cie.
700. MONUIIIENTUM, SEPULCRUM, TUMuLus. Monumen-
tum, a monument, a tomb, inasmuch as it reminds of a de-
parted one; Sepulcrum, a vessel to preserve the ashes and
bones of thc same, a grave: Tumulu8, a grave of elevated
carth, a hill over a grave: Placet mihi eis, qui una pugnan
te8 occiderunt, monumentum}eri qua1" amp1isrimum. Cic.
1I'Ie quoque conde sepulcro. Ovid.
701. MORI, EXSPIRARE, Oll- INTER - PER1RE, OCCI-
DERE, OPPETERE, OCCUMBERE; MORS, LETUM,
NEX; MORTALIS, LETALIS, MORTIFERUS. Mor, dying,
ceasing to live; Ell:spirare, expiring, eeasing to breathe,
breathing the last: In balneis, fervore atque fB8tu anima iR-
terclusa, ell:8pirarunt. Liv. Animam uspiravit. Ovid.
Obire, somewhere and at something in order lo
attend to it; for JOstance, at a fixed pince or time, in eonse
quence of judgment; hence, going to attend to the last day
fixed by fate,-a solemn and mitigating expression; mortem,
diem ,uum: Dionyrius fB{Ier, ut somno sopUus, diem obiit
supremum. Nep. Interire, ceasing to exist, of entire
annihilation j Perire, perishing, only of tbe ceasing oC the
external conditions of existence, e. g. igni, fame, :
Vel te interi88e, vel perisse prfBdicent. Plauto Occi-
dere, visibly falling, perishing before too eyes oC others:
&tat, qui C6naeant, una animum el corpus oeeidere. Ce.
pra!lianl oecidit. Id. Cadere, 160, falling,
?/7
314 702. Mortarium. 705. Mundus.
only of the wounded: Cadit in p,.mlio adolescena. Nep.
Oppetere mortem, meeting death, going to meet it, seek.
ing it: Ajax millies oppetere mortem, quam illa perpeti
maluBlet. Cie. Occumbere mortem, morti, and mor-
te, sueeumb to death, sinking into the arms of deatb: Pro
patria mortem occumbere. Cie. Cacus, ictus cla'Ul,'
morte occubuit. Liv. Other expressions are, Decede-
re, Discedere, E:ccedere, Defungi, Exstingui.-
Morl (the same root with the German Mord, English mur
der), death, as destroyer, the severer of the soul from tbe
body: Dissolutione, id est morte, sensus omnis e:cstinguitur.
Cie. Letum (de-lere), death, as annihilator: Eodem sibi
leto, qua ipse inter8set, esse pereundum. Cie. Ne:c, deatb,
as murderer, the violent death: Latroni qua potest inferri
injusta nex'l Cie.-Mortalis, mortal, subject to death,
e. g. animal; Le t a li s, mortal, so eonstituted that it causes
death (German todtlich): Vulnus 1 e tal e in pectore accepe-
rato Suet. Mortiferus and Mortifer, mortal, so con
stituterl that it brings death: Accepit Sulla "ehemena "al ..
et mortiferum. Cic. '
702. MORTARIUM, PILA. Mortarium, the mortar, in
whieh something i.s crushed; Pila, in which it is pounded.
708. MUCU8, PITUITA. Mucus, the thiek slime in tbe
nose; Pituit a and Pituita (with throe syIlables), the con-
sistent yet more liquid slime, also in other parts of tbe body-:
Abest saliva, mucusque et mala pituita nasi. Catull.
704. MULTl, COMPLURES; MULTITDO, VIS, COPIA. MuZ
ti (moles), many, in the sense of aeeumulation; Compluru,
more than many, several in the sense of multiplieation: Non
foit oralor unus e mults. Cie. Sunt alii compluru,
qui idem fecerinl. Id. Terentius still uses the obSolete com-
parative meaning. - M u 1 t t u d o, multitude, as a large numo
ber; Vil, as mass, refemng to eircumferenee and &pace
whieh it occupies; Copia, as store and provender for use:
Nationes numero hominum ac multitudine in no,tras pro-
,,,incias redundant. Cie. Vim lacrimarum profodi. Id.
Pabuli copia non suppetebat. Ces.
705. Murmus, NITIDUS, LAUTUS, SPLENDlDUS. Mun
dus, 297, eleanly, neat, of surfaees on which no dirt or spot
can be perceived: Splendetfocus et munda supellez. Hor.
Nitidu" 478, shining, polished, neat, with a puro yet feeble
reflexion of light, e. g. ebur. LautuI, washed, for wbich
lotus is generally used; neat, exquisite, e. g. supellu:,
706. Mumu. 708. Mutare. 315
'Mtl1IIa lauta, dapibusque instructa. Martial. Lautum el
copiosum patrimonium. Cie. Splendidus, splendid,orig-
inally, shining so that it blinds; hence, shining, that is, dis-
ting!-lishing one's self by magnificenee, expense, tnlent: In
. Cmi villa ac domo nihil s p len d i d u m, nihil ornatum foil,
prater ipsos. Cie.
706. MUNus, OFFICIUM, MUNIA, PENSUM, MINlSTERIUDt.
Munus, office, as the aggregate of ordained and dutiful per-
formance of serviees: Prator urbanos, quod comules ahe-
. rant, consulare munus sustinebat. Cic. Officium, the
obligation imposed upon us by our t>eculiar relations, and the
performance of duty: Ab religione officii declinare. Cic.
MfUiniasa omnia exsequitur regis officia et munera. Id.
Munia (only in the Nominal. and Aeeusat.), the perform-
ances and affairs whieh an office requires, with the idea of
the laborious, and requiring exertion, by whieh it differs from
Munera: Patres arguebat, quod publica munia desere-
rent. Tac. Pensum, the quantity of wool daily waighed
out lo the female slaves for spinning, the performance as
task: Ad reliqua progrediar, meque ad meum mun,,,, pen-
8umque revocabo. Cic. Ministerium, the offiee ofa min-
"8ter, the performance of r ~ i by way of offiee, or in order-
lo aid some one, e. g. 8cribarum: Verna ministerii8 tul
nmUl aptus heriles. Hor.
707. MURMURARE, MUTIRE, MUSSARE, MUSSITARE, Su-
SURRARE. Murmurare, murmuring, of human voices and
all similar low tones: Fremitus murmurantis maria. Cic.
Mutire, Muttire (muttering) , uttering a weak, inarlicu-
lated, yet immediately again suppressed sound: Eliam mut-
til1- Jam tacebo. Plaut. [in German muchaen.] . Muua-
re, speaking softly, murmuring so low that hardly aoy one but
the utterer can hear it: lEtoli id decretu7n elam m u s s a n t e s
tJa1'[Jebant. Liv. Mussitare, murmuring something half
loud, ehecking it at the same time: Ego hac mecum mus-
lIito: Bona mea inhiant. Plaut. Sus,urrare, whispering:
Nutu pars mihi significat; para, quid velit, aure lIuaur-
rato Ovid.
70S. MUTARE, VARIARE. Mutare, causing that two
things change for ona another, or that the' atata of a thlng
passes ioto unolher, exchaoging, altering: Pradus mutare
cum mercatoribus vino advecticio. Sall. M u t a r e testamen-
tumo Cic. Variare, makiog variad, varied colored, vary-
ing: Variabant !empara cani. Ovid. Variari voluptu
distinguiiue potest. Cie., varying the pleasures.
816
709. Mysterium. 713. Na8U8.
709. MYSTBtUUM, ARCANUM. Mysterium (1'IItmqUW),
a secret, as 88ered, as malter of eonscience; Ar-'
canum, sometbing seeret, which nobodyelse shall know, ...
thing kept secret: EpistoltB tantum habent my'terior.".,
ut ea8 ne librariis quidem committamfJ8. Cie. ,Arcanam
commisaum tel/ere. Hor.
N.
710. NAM, NAMQUE., ENlM, ETENIM. N am, for, aIso
1IO.mely, justifies the antecedent assertion by a more definite
exposition and astatement of its reason or cause; E1Ii""
for, stands with emphasis after the word upon which .the troe
point of reason rests, of the cause upon which the possibility
or reality of the antecedent assertion is founded. Such sen-
tences, which by their contents do not stand in direct connes ..
iml 'tritb the antecedent, are joined in the first case by Na ..
. q u t, in the second by E ten "m.
711. NARRARE, MEMORARE, COMMEMORARE. Narrare;
narrating, telling, representing an event cifCumstan.mlly by
words, in order to inform another of it: Tu ilti narra otra'"
ordine, ut factum sit. Ter. Memorare, making something
by narration memorable to another, that is, so that he may
rememoor it: Honoratorum virorum laudes in concione me-
morent"r. Cic. Commemorare, calling back into' our
memory, reminding ourselves or others at the same time;
mentioning something boastflllly: Quid quoque die egerim,
commemoro vesperi. Cie. Beneficia non debet commemo-
rare is, q"i contulit. Id.
712. NASOl, ORlRI; NATlVUS, NATALlS. N ale, orig-
inating by procreation, being born, designates the beginning
of animal existence; Oriri, properly, rising, of stars; orig-
inating, having its origin, designates the grollnd: IplUm tunare
a,e oritur etauasponte nascitur. Cic.-Nati"u"orig-
inated by birth and continlling as such: BelufB ad 'aza na-
tivis te,til inhte1'entes. Cie. N ativ i coloris pannU8. Plin.,
Dot dyed byart. Natalis, standing in connexion with the
boro (natU8), aceording lo condilion, e. g. diea, solum, birth-
day, land of birth. .
713. NAsus, NA1lIS. N asus, nose, as promineot pan
oC tbe face; N aria, the Dostril, and tbo nose as olfactory
714. Naviculariw. 716. Ne. 317,
organ: Luciliwfacetw, emuncttB naris. Hor.,ofsharpand
fine observation.
714. NAVICULARIUS, NAUARCHUS, MAGISTER, GUBERNA.
TOR. Navicular'i"s, sc. vir, the ship-owner, he who caro
ries on ship'ping as a trade: N auarchus, the eaptain of a
ship; Magister, the person to whom the superintendenee
oC the vessel, procuring of provisions, and freighting were in.
trusted: Magistrum ntllJis accipere debemw, cui totius
Mvis cura mandata esto DIpian. Gubenator, he who-
holds the helm, guides the vessel: Gubernator cltllJum te
nena sedet in puppi. Cie. .
715. NAVIS, NAVIGIUM, ALVEUS, RATIS, CABINA, Pl11'PIS;
LINTER, SCAPBA, CYMBA; CELOX, LEMBUS. Navis (nare),
a vessel, as swimming, ftoating body, generally a larger ves
sel, as we use ship for the largest elass; N a vi g i u m (ntllJi.
gare), a ship, as provided with oars and sails, a vessel: Quid
tam in navigio necessarium, quam latera, quam antenntB,
quam vela, quam mali'l Cie. Poetieal for the same, A lv eus,
a hollowed trunk, the hold of a vessel: Al veo s navium in
versos pro tuguriis habuere. Sall. Ratis, a raft, also a frail
bark: Navibus ab Hannibale incensis, ratea ad trajici.
endum in magna inopia matentB tBgre comparat.
Liv. Carina, keel, on whieh the fabrie oC the vessel rests:
Navium longarum carintB posittB. Liv. Puppis, poop,
see Gubernator, 714.-Smaller vessels: Linter, a small
bark or boat, eraft without deek, of boards or a hollow trunk :
Idjlumen Helvetii ratibus ac lintribus transibant. Creso
Scapha, a boat, larger than Linter: Funiculus a puppi
religatus s cap h a m annexam trahebat. Cie. . C y m b a, a
small bark: Cymbarum ante oculos multitudo. Cie., fish
ing barks. Celor, a small hunting bark, with two or three
oars only on one side (?); Lembus, a small, low vessel,
pointed at the prow, with many oars, for swift sailing, a 80rt
oC cutter: Apparuit, piraticas celoces et lembos esse.
Liv. Tbe other speeific terms for vessels are Greek.
716. NE, Quo MINUS, QUIN; NE NON, UT; UT NE, UT
NON. a. Alter negative sentenees which express a prevente
ing, a standing in the way, N e signifies that not, so that not,
the intention that tbe action be entirely omitted; Quo mi
nus, that not, that tbe action be stopped in its progress;,
Quin, that not, that the actWn nevertbeless has happened :
erant impediti, ne triumpharent. Sall. lEtas
non impedit, quo minus literarum studia teneamua. Ce.
27-
318 '717. Nebulo. 719. Negare.
Hanno prohiben non poterat, quin erumperet. Liv.":"
b. Afier the expressions of apprehending, fearing, N e signi.
fies that, that it may or might, the expression of a desire of
avoiding a threatening evil. Ne n6n, it might, may not,
lest, the desire not to lose an endangered good Ut, that not,
tbe desire to obtain an endangered good: Verendum en, ne
lwevi tempore fames in urbe sit. Cic. Veremur, ne beatUl
use non posm. Id. Vereor, ut Dolabella satis nobia pro
desse possit. Id. - e. N e, that not, so that not, is used ooly
to designate an object, and in an averting sense Ut, tbat,
used as weJl to designate an object, an end, as also a cause
and etrect in both cases foJlows N e, not, before a single
part of Buch a sentence, which is to be taken as negative in
an averting sense non, not, in a negativing sense. Qua
spes eum fallat, vehementer te rogo. Cic. Non peto, ut
duernatur aliquid novi, sed ut ne quid novi deeernatur. Id.
Opera datur, ut judicia ne fiant. Id. Veteres maites di
",itti .placuit, ila u t in singulas Romanas legi07les n e plfU
sena millia peditum, treceni equite8 euent. Liv. Spatium
relinquatur, ut gemma libera vinculo non urgeatur. CoI\lDl.,
speaking of the engrafted tree.
717. NEBULO, VAPPA, VERBERO. Nebulo, he- wbo eovel-
opes in fog, i. e. who carries on his deeds in the dark, a cheat,
rogue, scoundrel: Nos ab islo n e bu lo n e facetius eludi7liur,
quam putamus. Cic. Va p p a, properly turned wine; a de
generate man: Va p p a nomen probrosum etiam, quum de
generaverit animus. Plin. Verbero, one that caunot get
blows enough, an abusiva name applied to slaves.
718. NECESSITAS, NECESSITUDO. Nece88itas,necessity,
iC something cannot be different according to the laws oC na
ture or urgency of circumstances Nece88itudo, the con
dition, the state of coercion, which originates from the neces-
sity: Tempori cedere, id est, necessitati parere. Cic. Pulo
eIBe hanc nece88itudinem, cui nu11a vi resisti potest, quo
ea secius id, quod facere potest, perficiat; qua neque mutari,
neque leniri potest. Id. JUsta causa conjungenda neceuo
tudinis. Id., the c10se connexion between relations and
friends. See 48.
719. NEGARE, ABNEGARR, DENEGARE, ABNUERE, RENt!-
BRE, RECUSARE, INFITIARI, INFITIAS IRE, DIFFITERI. Ne.
gare, negativing, 561 hence, denying a request: TitUl non
negavit quidquam petentibus. Suet. .Abnegare, declin-
. ing, denying briefty; Denegare, denying a request entirely.
$
'120. Negotium. 819
depriving tbe petitioner oC hopas oC grant: Hez tibi conjugium
abnegat. Virgo Datum denegant, quoddatumest. Plaut.,
denying, tbat is, asserting tbat it is not 80. o E:r:petita ,collo-
quia et denegata commemorat. Cme.,ef. C. Pbil. 11,8,19.
A b n u e r e, opp. adnuere, manifesting our disinelination by
signs, and Re n u e r e, our deeided opposition agRinst eonsent ;
botb refer ratber to our disposition and wilJ: Manu abnuit,
quidquam in se opis esse. Liv. Quum intelligas, quid quis-
que concedat, quid abnuat. Cie. Haud equidem abnuo,
egregium ducem foisse Alexandrum. Liv. Credere me tamma
noc oculo renuente negavi. Ovid., of opposite opinion.
NuIlum convivium renuit. Cie. Recusare, declining
sometbing expected of us, from eounterreasons (cmua), de-
nying: Timorls causa pro se quisque id munus legationis .
recusabat. Creso Infitiari (faten), not eonfessing the
trutb, denying sometbing by words, in our own interest:
Multi in tormetis mor maluerunt falsum .fa ten do, quam
infitiando dolere. Cie. Infitias ire, intending, desir-
ing to deny sometbing, not to eonfess it; refers to tbe begin-
ning oC tbe action: Si infitias ibit, testis mecum est an-
mdus. Ter., in prose witb a negation: Nos pleMa commodis
adfJersatos esse neque nego, neque infitias eo. Liv., nor
do I wisb to deny. Diffiteri, (mis.confes8ng, tbat is,)
making a false eonfession, eontrary to trutb: Pudor obscamum
diffiteatur opus. Ovid.
720. NEGOTIUM, RES. Noegotium, oceupation, opp.
otium: In otio e88e potius, quam in negotio. Ter., the
occupation or affair as the task for a free aetivity to obtain an
object, espeeialIy used of an offieial, professional, and in gen-
eral of a dutiful business: N e g o ti u,,, magistratibus ese
datum, ut currarent, ut sine fJi mihi adificare liceret. Cie.
Res, 190, every subjeet oC whieh we can re, that is, every
thing whieb can be supposed to exist (reor-is eonneeted with
too German reden, to speak, Cor speaking and thinking or
judging coincide originally); tbe thing, as generie term Cor
something, the more definite determination oC which is to be
known from its aceompaniments, e. g. difJina, militaris: Non
re ductU8 es, sed opinione. Cie. Rem agere, transaeting,
attending to an affair, whieh touehes the interest of some one ;
Negotium agere, attending to an affair, business, which
claims our attention on acoount of sorne duty or obligation.
Res ese mihi tecum, 1 bave to do with you, to figbt it out
witb yoo; Negotium, 1 have something to setde with you.
320
721. Nemo. 724. Nomen.
[The defieieney in the English language, that we have but
one word, thing, for the German Ding and SaeM, rende1"8 it
always diffieult for one who has not entered entirely into tbe.
epirit of Latin to eomprehend the whole and full meaning oC
res; beeause, though the Latin has, like Ihe English, but orie
word, res signifies infioitely more than the English term
thing.] . .
721. NEMO, NULLUS. N emo, nobody, ~ one, opp. some-
body, sorne one, excludes every person; NullfJ.l, none, opp.
ODe, exeludes every individual of a certain kind: Hominem
"eminem pluris facio. Cie. Elephanto beluarum nulla
prudentior. Id. .
722. NEQuE s. NEC, ET NON, Ac NON. Neqtie, or Nec,
and not, eonnects, with the antecedent, an entire sentence
taken negatively; Et non, Ae non, and not, eonnects a
sentence in which a single notion is contradistinguished to the
antecedent: Papiriumferunt eibi vinique eapacissimum, nec
cum ullo asperiorem fU8se militiam. Liv. Ea scripri ad ,te,
qUtB el saluti tUtB eonducere 'arbitrarer, e t non al i e n a tlSIe
ducerem a dignitate. Cic.. .
723. NIHIL, NIHILUM; NIHILO SEClUS, SEGNlUS, MINUS.
Nihil, nothing, is the abbreviated Nihilum, a nothing, tbe
nothing (if the expression be allowed): Nihil agia.-Erit
aliquid, quod aut ex nihilo oriatur, aut in nihilum 8U-
bito oceidat. Cic.-Nihilo seciu8, differing nothing,just
so, designales equality of mode of action: HtBe dicta "ihilo
rnihi esse videntur secius, quam somnia. Plaut. Nihilo
,egnius, nothing slower, as lively as: Oppidani, insolita re
perculsi, nihilo segnius bellum parare. Sallo Nihilo
minus, notwithstanding, nevertheless, refers t equality of
. enduring force or action: Legati proficiseantur: bellum ni-
hilominus paretur. Cic.
724. NOMEN, VOCABULUM, VERBUM, Vox; PRENOMEN,
COGNOMEN, AGNOllIEN. Nomen, the name, by whieh we
make a subjeet reeognisabla and distinguishable from others,
the name of a person: Rebus novis nova ponenda sunt "O-
mina. Cic. VoeabuZum, the appellation of nn object
aecording to its marks of distinction, whieh it has in eommon
with others of lhe kind, tha generie na me or noun: Non idenl
Oppidum et Roma, qllum Oppidum sit v o e a buZ u m, .Roma
nomen. Varr. Verbum, a word, a whole consisting of
articulated sounds, which designales something thought, every
part of speech; otherwise, Ver b u m designates a vet"b, a
.,-
725. Non. 726. Notio. 321
word which is conjugated; Ve rb a, in the plural, designates
'words in connexion, as we use, likewise, words: Verbum
non amplius addam. Hor. Vo x, the voice, the sound, which
is breathed forth from the mouth; a word as sound, siogle
aod in connexion: Sunt verba et voces, quilnu hunclenire
dolorem possis. Hor. Rae una vox omnium elt. Cic.-
The Roman had generally three names, see 489. No-
men' the na me of the gens, e. g. Cornelius; ProJ1lomen,
the individual name, by which the different members of the
family were distinguished, e. g. Caius, Marcus; Cogno-
m e n, the surname, or family name, e. g. Scipio, Lenlulm;
Agnomen, a surname given for sorne distinguished action,
or by adoption, e. g. Publitut Cornelius &ipio Afdcanu.,
lEmilianu8, the second agnomen of which carne from his
adopted father, L. lEmiua Paullus.
725. NON, NE, HAUD. Non, no, not, negation of that
which is really, contradistinguishes existence from nonexist..
ence; N e, not, that not, for too purpose that not, 716, nega-
non of that which is thought, intended, contradistinguishelt
tbat which ought to be from that which ought not to be;
Haud, more correctly Haut, perhaps not, probably not,
better not, entirely not" is a oondition oC negation, which
leaves it to option in which sense it may be taken; hence its
ironical use, and before negative compounds, e. g. Aaud
ignota bell artes: Necease est, d aut e88e, aut non e8l'.
Cic. Agesilaum, quod mel non habebant, cera circum.fiule-
ront. Nep., no honey; not mel nullum. Impius ne aucleto
placare donB iram deorum. Cic. Eo projiciscenlem ha.d
.ane qUB facile retraxerit. Id. Tuum use periclum non
vis: haud stulte sapis. Ter.
726. NOTIo, NOTITIA, COGNITIO, PERCEPTIO. Noto,
the making one's self acquainted with something; the com-
prehending of the marks perceived in an object, into one
representation in the mind, the nOlion, e. g. veri et falBi ;
N o t tia, the clear and distinct presentation of a thing, which
originates out of the notio, the knowledge, e. g. antiquitatB,
sui corporis; Ihe acquaintance with a subject. N o t i o Dei,
is the nolion we Corm, the idea of God; N o t i tia Dei, the
knowledge of Gpd, that which we know of him, to distinguish
him from other ooings. Cognitio, the obtaining knowledge
of a thing, as art, by which we arrive at a clear and distinct
notion oC a thing, and also the knowledge thus obtained: Tot
rerum notiones non ho.beremus. nm animua in reruaa
-,
l'
m. No"us. 729. Nubes.
eognitione viguillset. Cie. Perceptio,lhe receiviog, tite
reception oC the distinelioos requisile for a clear notion, the
. p?rceiviog as act ol' theuoderstanding, the conception oC an
Idea or a lhought: ArB u: multis animi perceptionibu8
e01&lltat. Cie. Out oC the eognitio and perceptio originales
the Bcientia.
727. Novus, RxcENs; NOVICIUS, TIRO. N;VUB, new,
i1ccordiog to time, that whieh has begun ooly a short time ago
lo exist, opp. antiquUB: In epstola nihil erat novio Cie.
GenUB pamm novum decernere. Sall.; unheard of. Recens,
Cresh, according lo conditioo, that which retaios its perfect
, quality, is unimpaired: In prrelio integri et recentes fati-
gatill IJUCcedebant. Creso Recentes injurim. Id., yet Cresh
in memory. Homines recentes, newly (freshly) created;
novi, newly nobilitaled: Recentissimm literm. Cic., the
JUSl written ooes; no" i ss i m m, with reference lo several
earlier ooes. - N o v i c i u s, belongiog to new thiogs of a cer-
lain kind or genus, geoerally used of slaves: N o v ieH serv
emti in magna familia. Varr. Tiro, a young soldier, who
is now only learoiog lhe service, a recruit: VeteribuB -militi-
bUB tirones immisceantur. Liv. Orator nulla in re ti'ro
tIC nulill use debet. Cie., novice [fruhman, in its original
meaning].
728. NUBERE, UXOREM DUCERE, IN MATRIMONIUM DUCERE.
Nubere, marryiog a mao; because lhe Roman bride, al ber
weddiog, covered her face with a flame-colored veil (jlam-
meum): Venerem Syriam Adonidi nupsisse proditum esto
Cie. OctavianUB Juliam filiam Marcello nuptum dedito
Suel., he married her to him. U:&orem ducere, wedding
a wife, takiog a wife; used oC the husbaod who, on lhe day
of marriage, led his bride lo his home: Sextius duzit u:&o-
rem C. &iponiB filiam. Cic.; a1so, Qua ratione in0pe71J
potiuB ducebat domum'! Ter. Inmatrimonium du-
cere, taking in matrimooy, equally of lhe mau, see 260.
Dumn6ri:I: ..EdUUB Orgetorigis filiam in matrimonium
duzer'at. Cms.
729. NUBES, NIMBUS, NEBULA. Nube .. , cloud, as a
hidiog mass of vapor: Aer concretus in nube& cogitur, hu-
moremque colligens terram auget imbribUB. Cie. Nubu
pulveri&, loCU&tarum. Liv. Nimbu&, lhe thicker, lower,
dark cloud, briogog slorm or rain: Subito coorta temp68t1U1
tam denso regem operoit nimbo, ut eonspectum ejUB eoncioai
IIbstulri. Liv. Nebula, fog, lhe tbick vapor rising Crom
730. Nudare. 733. NuntiUl.
the ground: Fluviil ex o7JInibus et simal ,pla BUrgere de terra
nebulas videmus. Lucret.
730. N UDARE, EXUERE, DETEGERE, RETEGERE, DEVE-
LARE, REVELARE. N u dar e, making naked, uocovering,
exposiog, by taking away the covering, clothes: Hominem in
medio Joro nudad ac deligarijubet. Cic. Nudare gla-
diwn. Exuer-e, undressing, strippiog, taking off the neces-
sary clothes: tunicam, jugum, mores afltiquos; hostem castri&.
Detegere, taking off, withdrawing the eover whieh hides
something from the eyes of others; Ret"egere, pushing it
aside, and thus making visible: Detegant conditas insidias.
Liv. Retegit sacros, scisso velamine, VUleUl. Lucan. De-
velare, taking down that whieh veils; Revelare, lifting it,
tak,ing it away, unveiling: Capite involuto atque ibdem re-
velato. Suet.
731. NUMERARE, RECENSERE. Numerare, eounting the
units eontained in a multitude: Per digitos numerare so-
lemus. Ovid. Quastor pe.cuniam numeravit a mensa pub-
lica. Cie., paying. Recensere, examining a number of in-
dividuals piece by pieee, mUl!tering them, e. g. exercitum; also,
aceounting aecording to the whole series: Equites et pedites
coacti re c e n s e b a n tu r numerusque inibatur. Creso Tolle
animos el Jortia Jacta re c e n s e. Ovid. [ Telling and counting
are ideas so nearly related (because telling ismentioning the
single faets in their proper order), that the words designating
these ideas are nearly related in a1l the original languages;
in German, zahlen, eounting; erziihlen, reJating, telling. So
does our word teller express the eounter; the same \Ve find
in the two different meanings of our word account.]
732. NUMMUS, NUMISMA, MONETA. Nummus and Nu-
mUI, a pieee of monay of a fixed value, for use in trffie :
Nescis, quo valeat nummus, quem prabeat usum'l Panis
611f.atur, olus. Hor. N u m i s m a ("/ltC1/la), the coio, as coined
and Pasl!inl money in the abstraet: Retulit acceptos, regale
nomisma,Philippos. Hor. Moneta, coio, al! the coined
metal, and the place where the metal is coined: lEra dabant
olim, melius nunc omen in auro est, victaque concedit prilca
moneta novte. Ovid. JEdes atque officina Moneta. Liv.
733 .. NUNTIUS, TABELLARIUS; NUNTIARE, INDICERE, PRO-
MULGARE. Nuntius (novus), the news orally delivered, io-
formation, and the messenger who briogs it; Tabellarius,
the letter-messenger, carrier: N un t ii de ClZBaris victl)ria
per dispositos equites BUnt ""lati. Cres. MercariUl, deonm&
-734:. Ob. 735. Obetlin.
n.uatius. Hor. Epiat.olam attulerat Phileros tab"llari,u.
Cc. - Nuntiare, commuoicating news, making knoWD:
Equitu e.t: statione n u n tia n t,magna auxilia equitum petli-
tumque Uticam vmire. Cres., aud informing, tbat is, pronounc-
ing a command for future observance: Tiberius deligit Uft-
turionem, qui nuntiaret regibus, ne armia tliaceptarent.
Tac. lndicere, notifying, declaring, proclaiming sorne-
thing fixed for execution at a certain time, so that tbe persons
concerned are prepared for it ; ferias, bellum: In diem cer-
tam lit al lucum Ferentina conveniant Latinorum proceres,
indicit. Liv. Promulgare, proclaiming, by placarding,
legem,629. Promulgari leges dicuntur, quum primum in
vulgus equntur. Fest.
o.
734. Os, PBR, PROPTER, DE, CAUSA, GRATlA, ERGO.
O b, on account of, 85, designates somelhing as the object:
Ob rem publicam 8WJcepti labores. Cic. Per, 570, 00 ac-
couot of, in tbe sense of depeodence on sometbing: AllJf'itl
per avaritiam appetere. Cic., from avarice. Per eBtfJm
ad pugnam inutilia. Creso Per me id jieri licet. Id.
Propter, 598, on account of, in the sense of Iying near, i. e.
of a cause, motive, reason: Propter frigora jrumenta in
agria matura non erant. Creso CopieB pro p ter e.t:iguitatea
non facile diducebantur; o b eam causam mi""s commotle
frumentum supportabatur. Id. De, 1. on account, io consid-
eratioo of, respecting something: Mettuntur de hia rebus tul
CQ!8arem legati. Creso Causa, on accouot, indica tes sorne-
thing intentional as tbe cause of sorne action: Legatos pacis
petendeB causa mittunt. Creso Gratia, on aecount or,
i. e. in favor of, in consideration: lEtatis atq. honoris
g r a tia hoc fiet tui. Plaut. E r g o, in fact, 5S8, on aecount
of, in consideration of a fact: (Pausaniam) ejus v i t o r i ~
ergo Apollini donum dediase.
735. OBEDlRE, DICTO AUDlENTEM ESSE, OBTEMPERAIlB,
OBSEQUI, PARERE, MORE M GERERE, MORIGERARI, OBSECUN-
DARE. Obedire (audire),listeoing to sorne one's eouosel
or will, in order to do wbnt be demands; lending ao ear, e. g.
legi, imperio: Quibus rex _ maxime o b e ti. i t, eos luihet inimi-
ciasimos. Nep. [The German for obeying js gehorcMta,
736. Obligare. 737. Obsidere.
whieh is listening with great attention; and belonging to, is
gekiiren, to listen to, i. e. obey, over whieh 1 have free dis-
posal.] Dicto audientem esse, 128. Obtemperare,
shaping one's mode of aetion so aeeording to the will of an-
other, that we do not aet eontrary to it, strietly eomplying:
unius hominis voluntati. Cms. .Ad verba nobia obediunt
servi, non ad id, quod ex verbis intelligi pos8t, o b t e m p ,-
rant. Cie. Obsequi,obeying with self.denial, espeeially
the irregular, whimsieal, imperious, severe will of another,
yielding: lEquum est senibus obsequio Ter. Parere, be-
ing ready to obey superior eommands, obeying in the eon-
sciousness of neeessity: Etiam Ieges Iatronum esse dicuntur,
quibus pareant, quas observent. Cie. Morem gerere,
manifesting by behaviour that we yield to the wish of another,
acting aeeording to his wish, or permitting hilO to aet aeeord-
ing to his desire: Ut homo est, ita m o r e m g e r a s. Nam
quid tu hic agas, ubi, si quid bene pracipias; nema obtem-
peret'l Ter. Morigerad, proving one's readiness by
deed, aeeommodating one's self to another: Si nunc de patri8
jure concess8ses pauIuIum atque adoZescenti esses mori-
geratus. Ter. Obsecundare, favoring and seeonding
the intentions and plans of unother, from voluntury resolution:
Pompeii voluntatibus etiam venti tempestatesque obsecun-
darunt. Cie. Respeeting tbe declared wiU of another,
Obedire refers to the attentive nnd willing person i Ob-
temperare, to tbe punetually willing und i'eudy persoo;
Obsequi, to tbe patient and obliging person; P arere, to
the obedient; Morem gerere and Morigerad, to the
ready person, who is willing to let our will be done.
736. OBLIGAU, OBSTRINGERE, DEVINCIRE. Obligare,
tying up from above, dressing and bandaging, e. g. vuInus;
and obligiog another: Orfium tua liberalitate tibi o b I i g e s.
Cie. Obstringere, tying tightly, strioging, pinioning;
also, obli&iJ!g mueh, e. g. Zaqueo collum; civitatem jureju-
rando, legf1Jus: E:ristimes, quibuscunque officiis Atticum ob-
.trin:x:eri., iisdem me tibi obligatum fore. Ce. De-
vindre, fetteriog, so that it eannot be tom, indissolubly:
Hune tollant et domi devinciant. Plaut. Sanguinis COft-
junctio benevolentia d e v in c i t homines et caritate. Cie.
737. OBSIDERE, OPPUGNARE; OCCUPARE. Obsidere, be-
sieging, surrounding with a eamp; Oppugnare, assaulting,
attempting to eonquer by attacks from without: Curio UtiCtJfl&
ohidere el vallo circummunire instituit. ea.. Id oppitl ... .
2S
738. Obsonium. 741. Odium.
oppugnare conatus, propter latitudinem fossa murique al-
titudinem, paucis deJendentibus, expugnare non potuit. Id.
Ob8idio per paucos dies magis, quam oppugnatio foil,
dum vulnus ducis curaretur. Id. - Obsidere, keepiug
garrisoned, oceupied, holding: Omnes aditus armati o bai
debant. Ce. Decemviri totam Italiam 8uis opibus ob8i-.
debunt. Id. Occupare, anteipating: Occupat 7Ulla
in agrum Sabinum transire. Liv., and in a thing, an-
tieipating another, taking a place: Tiberius Gracchua regman
occupare conat'U8 esto Cie. In theatro ejus est locus, q ...
quisque occupavit. Id.
738. OBSONlUlIl, PULMENTUM, PUUIENTARlUM, PANI8.
Obsonium (o,/"JI'&O),), 311, eulinary articles except bread:
Themiatocli rex Myunte7n donarat, ex qua urbe obsonium luJ-
beret. Nep., i. e. fishes. Pulmentum, food prepared to
be eaten; Pulmentarium, something belonging thereto:
Quod edebant cum pulte, ab eo Pulmentum. Varr. Mul.
lum in 8ingula minuas pul m e n t a necease esto Hor., in single
pieees. Tu pulmentaria quare sudando. Hor. Pani8,
bread, as mass and as body: Fici panis simul et ob8onii
"icem siccata explent. Plin. Bini pane8 in dies. Plaut.
739. OBTUTUS, AnsPEcTus. Obtutus, the lirm direetion
of tbe eyes to one point, the fixed look; A d s pe c t u 8, the
looking at; the glanee, passing, in order to see what is tbere :
Obtutus oculorum in cogitando; obtutum in aliqua re
jigere. Cie. Natura aculos fecit mobiles, ut adspect1lf/l,
q!JO vellent, facile converterent. Id., passive, the look of a
figure, i. e. tbat wbieb we see: Britanni horridiore sunt in
pugna adspectu. Creso
740. OCCASlO, OPPORTUNITAS, ANSA. The exeeution of
an enterprise and realization of a plan are faeilitated by Oc-
ca8io (falling togetber), coincidenee of favorable circum-
Btanees, opportunity whieh offers itself: Ut primum occasio
data est, rem publicam deJendi. Cie. By
the eonvenience of locality, time, and otber circdmstanees:
Fluminum opportunitates. Cie. By Ansa, 175, the oc-
casioning, tbe motive, which we take or reeeive from sorne-
thing for an aetion: Optandum est, ut quam sapissime puret
amicus, q!JO piures det tamquam a n s a s ad reprelumdendum.
Ce.
741. ODIUM, SIMULTAS, INIMICITllE; ODIOSUS, INVISUS,
OFFENSUS. Odium, hatred, strong dislike against a person
00 account of his displeasing moral qualities, opp. amor: l.
742. Odor.
odium alicujus adducemur, si quod ejus spuree, superbe, ma-
litiose factum proferetur. Cie. Simu1tas, the reserve be ..
tween two persons who, with the appearanee of friendship, da-
agree, without being preeisely enemies; also, grudge, deep,
but seeret, hostile disposition: Hi perpetuas controversias inter
se habebant et de loco summis simu1tatibus contendebant.
Creso Inimicitia, enmity, disposition lo injure another,
from hatred, opp. amicitia : In i m i c i tia est ira ulciscendi
tempus observans. Cie. Thus in the singular in this place
only. Inimicitias per annos multos vobis ipsis graves et
atroces geritis.-Has ut hodiejiniatis simu1tates (ill-will),
quasum!ts vos tmiversi. Liv. - Odiosus, hated, odious, that
whieh is the objcet of violent dislike: Odiosum genus ho-
minum, officia eteprobrantium. Cie. Inv isus, that whieh we
dislike to see, displeasing: Lepidus adeo est invisus rnihi,
ut nihil non acerbum putem, quod commune cum U10 sito Ce.
Offensus (ofrensive), he who has ofrended against others,
and is eonsequently disliked: O invidiosum offensumque
paucorum culpa atque indignitate ordinem senatorium I Ce.
742. ODOR, N mOR, SUFFIMENTUM, FffiTOR,
OLFACTUS; ODORARI, OLFACERE, OLERE, FRAGRARE. Odor,
the seent, whieh is smel!ed: Odo r teterrimus oris. Cie.; in
the plural, Odores, fine scents, fragrant scents: Incen4ere
odores. Id. Nidor, the smoke and smel! of roasted,
burnt, cspeeially fat substanees: Recens exstinctum lumen
acres nidore offendit nares. Lueret. Suffimentum,
frankinecnse, by whieh plcasing seents are produeed: Lau-
rus suffimentum est cOldis hostium et purgatio. Plio.
Fretor, steneh, the smell whieh ereates disgust, e. g. oris.
Odoratus, the smelling, if we draw the seent ofa body in,
, and the organ of smell, tbe smell: Pomorum jucundus
tus et odoratus. Cie. Insecta habent odoratum. Pho.
Olfactu." the seent by whieh a body afreets tbe olfaetory
nerves: Cfl!lJe o 1f a c tu ipso et delacrimatione ocu1orum C4-
ligini medlliatur. Plin. Piadbus foramina tantum ad olfac-
tus, 8ine naribus. Id.- Odorari, perceiving something by
smelling, tbe short inhalation, in rapid suecession, suspeeting:
Odoror, quam sagaC8sime possum, quid exiatiment judi-
ces. Cie. Olfacere, smelling, pereeiving a smell: Re8
8ensibus percipiuntur; eas gustamus, o lfacimulI. Cie.
OUre, issuing, sending fortb a seent: Male olet 01MUJ
crenum. Cie. Fragrari, exhaling a stroog, agreeab1e seent:
Redolentque thymo fragrantia mella. r Virgo
828
743. Offendere. 746. Omnis.
743. OFFENDERE, VIOLARE. Offendere, 577, ofrend-
Ing, eausing, by a wrong or fault, tbe feeling of unmerted
injury in anotber, e. g. contumelia aliquem; Violare, ill-
treating, witb violence: JustitiCB partes sunt, non v i o 1 are
"omines; verecundiCB, non offendere. Cc. Virtutem BU8-
picione violare. Liv.
744. OFFICIUM, STUDIUM j OFFICIA, MERITA, BENEFICIA.
Officium, 706 (properly, tbe doing toward one, tbe coming
forward to one in acting), the return of kindness j in
every thing to which we feel bound, to correspond to- ou('re-
lations to another j Studium, tbe interest we take -in 'a subo
ject, zeal and endeavour of obliging another, and favoring bis,
wishes in every mmner: Nullum officium referenda gra-
tia magis necessarium esto Cic. CCBsarfacere pontem i1l8ti-
tuit: magno militum s t u dio paueis diebus oplUl ejficitur.
Creso - Officia, kind turns, services j services from a feel-
ing of duty, friendship, &O. Merita, services, the value of
which is acknowledged, acts of importance done for another:
Magna aunt LamiCB in me, non dico officia, sed merita.
Cie. Beneficia, benelices, free actions, from pure good-
will, for tbe benefit of anolber: Magno beneficio Lamitl
magnoque merito aum obligatus. Cic.
745. OMEN, OSTENTunr, MONSTRUM, PORTENTUM, PRO-
-DIGIUM. Omen, 134, an indication, sign, to whicb we may
or _ may not pay attention: Nec amen abnuit lEneas. Virgo
Express signs, as extraordinary pbenomena, are, Ostentum,
something premonitory, as a bint of the deity: Multa osten-
tis admonemur. Cio. Monstrum, sometbing unnatural,
exciting borror, indioating evil j henee, a monster: Polypke-
mus, monstrum horrendum, informe, ingens, cui lumm
ademtum. Virgo Portentum, sometbing exeiting frigbt:
Horribili visu portenta. Virgo Pradigium, something
miraeulous and indieating a great event, whieb may also re-
fer to happy ocourrenees: Multa prodigia vim Ce-
reris numenque declarant. Cie. .
746. OMNIS (UNUSQUISQUE), TOTus, CUNCTUS, UNIVER-
sus. Omnis, every one; plural, Omnes, all, inasmuch as
aU separate and separately thought as units, token together,
form a wbole: Non omnem arborem in omni agro rrpe-
f're posm. Cie. 1 henee, entire, separately from 811 others,
existing for ltself: Quod o In n e est, id non cernitur eJJ alo
flxtrinsecus. Id_ Gallia omnis in partes divisa tres. Cms.
(But Unusquisque, is tlVtl1'y ORe, i. e. eaob ene ora certain
747. Opinio. 748. Orare.
kind, e. g. unusquisque regum. Ce.) Totus, entire in
:respeet to ita parta, complete: Casar, equitatu pramiuo,
8equebatur o m ti i b u S eopiis: post eas t o t i u s exercit1ll im-
pedimenta eolloearat. Cres. Cunetus, altogether; plural.
Cuneti, aH taken together; of assembled, aetually united,
or thought as sueh, opp. sejuneti; benee, in the singular it is
only used witl) eolleetives: &natus eunetus consurgit. Cie.
Datamem unum pluris, quam se omnes.fteri videbant aulici:
qua faeto euneti ad eum opprimendum consenserunt. Nep.
Universus (properly, turned toward one), all, without ell-
eeption; of equal partieipation in the same subjeet, opp. sin
guli: Hae loquar de niversis; nihil ezcipio. Ce. Nec
pars, nec "nil1erti postea tentaverunt tale pugna gemu.
Liv. '
747. PINIO, SENTENTIA. Opinio, 94, opinion, the judg.
ment of 80mething aeeording to reasons of probability: Opio
"ionib'us vulgi rapimur in errorem. Cie. Bellovaeorum
mitas marimam habet opinionem virtutis. Cres'f be slands
in the reputation, see Judi cium, 93. Sententia, the opio-
ion whieh we happen to have,our view of the matter, tbe
apinion we give upon a subjeet: Aperte odisse magis ingenui
est, quam oecultare sententiam. Cie. De amicitia tres
11ideo sententias ferri. Id.
748. ORARE, VERBA FACERE; ROGARE, QUESO, OBSE-
CURE, OBTESTARI, SUPPLICARE, PREeARI; ORATIO, LINGUA,
SERIllO, CONTENTlO; ORATOR, RHETOR. Orare (os), speak.
ing 8Olemnly, in an oratorieal delivery: eapitis causam. Cie.
Yerba facere, speaking at large, in detail,on 8Omelhing:
Ver b a apud senatum fe e i t; docuit, ad se nihil pertinere.
Ce. - Orare, begging loudly and earnestly: Id parentes
8UOS liberi o r a b a n t, ut lelJaretur cruciatus suus. Cie. Ro
gare, 576, begging in asking, leaving the aeeomplishment
of our request lo the favor of the other, requesting: ,Te rogo,
si opus n, ad Casarem meam causam agas. Cie.; llenee.
ooly, Rogo atque oro; rogat oratque te. Id. QUt2-
so,I beg, expresses an urgent request, with c1aimsupon the
kind fulfilmenl: Has ut hodie, ut in isto templo finiatis si
multates, quasumus vos universi. Liv. Obsecra1'e, bego
ging by aIl that is sacred, eonjuring: O b s e e r a vi t per fra.
t"' sui cinerem, per nomen propinquitatis. Cie. Or a t atque
ollucrat. Id. Obtestari, begging, eonjuring, in ealling
6D God as a witness, by every thing tbat is dear to os: Per
Da"" deos te olltesto1'; Vos obucrat obtestat.1'qae
28-
749. Orbare. 750. Ordo.
pero seneetutem ae solitudinem BUam. Cie. Supplieare,
619, begging with bent knees, bumbly begging, in tbe con-
sciousness of tbe great power of him to whom we beg, and
our own great misery; Ut prosternerent se et populo .Ro.tmo
raeto m,imo atque "umili suppliearent. Cie. Prca-
ri, beggiog, prayiog, as we pray to God: Perseum sororett&
dedis8e Prusia preeanti ac oranti. Liv. - Oratio,
speeeh, as gift of speaking, distinotioo of man: Fera sunt
rationis et orationis expertes. Cie. Lingu4, the tongue;
tbe laoguage peculiar to an individual or a tribe or nation:
Lingua Latina locupletior est, quam Graea. Cie. Sermo,
the simple, oalm laoguage, as that of common life, of daily
interoourse: Sermo non potest in uno homine esse &010, sed
ubi oratio cum altero eonjuneta. Varr. Contentio, 62,
the language of ao orator, fulJ of efrect: Sermo ut oralio
remis8a, et finitima quotidiana locutioni: eonteratio esl
oratio acris, et, ad conjirmandum el ad cOlifutandum
modala. Ad Herenn. - Orator, the orator, speaker, who
delivers publielya speech; Rhetor, a teaeher of rhetorio:
Quid, si r" e l orille te disertltm acere potuisset '! Cie.
749. ORBARE, PRIVARE, VIDARE; ORBUS, PUPILLUS.
Orbare (the root of this word, orb, is the sama with rob),
depriviog another of his nearest and most natural aids, making
one lonely aod helpless: Orbatus filio, patre, luce, spe
salutis. Privare, properly, making single, plaeing out of
eoonexion with something; emptying of, depriviog 01':
vare dolare, vita. Ea philosophia spoliat n08 judicio,
vat approbalione, orbat sensibus. Cie. Viduare, making
a widow, lonely and forloro: Servilia, marito in e:lsiliun&
pulso viduata de80lataque. Tae.-Orbus tbelongs to
bis), the parentless orphan: Censa sunt civium capita prater
orb08 orbasque. Liv. Pupillus, the orphan under age
.PupiHus relictus sub tutorum cura. Senee.
750. ORDO, SERIES, TENOR. Ordo, the order, tbe
ment of the parls of a wbole in their looal relations according
to sorne rule; henee the whole series arranged according to
a eommon rule: Ordo est eomp08itio rerum aptis el "crom-
modati8 loeis. Cic. Terno consurgunt ordine remi. Virgo
Series, a row, the sequence of several things of the same
kind, e. g. laborum: Fatum appello ordi'llem seTicmqM8
eausarum. Cie.; ordinem, beeause they take tbeir plOper
place one by anotber; seriem, beeause they form a consec-
utive series, row. Tenor, the even drift, tenor, A
751. Ornare. 754. Pactum. 331
which something proceeds consecutively: Interrumpi tea.
rem rerom, in quibus peragendis contin"atio iplJa efficacri-
ma elJset. Liv.
751. ORNARE, COMERE, CONCINNARE. Ornare, prop-
erly, making light, i. e. bright, shining; ornamenting and
equipping, furnishing with something, which serves for orna-
ment, support, or completion: ,sepulcrum jloribus; rem laudi-
bus; classem ornare atque armare. Cic. Comere (coma)
combing, ornameutiug the hair: Secto comentem dente ca-
pillos. Martial. Concinnare, 245, layiug, placing right,
so that aH parts tit p1'Qperly: Concinnavi tibi munuscu-
Zum. Cic.
752. OSCULUM, BASIUM, SUAVIUM. Oscxlum, kiss, in
general; derived from the contracti'i)O oC the mouth (Iitde os,
mouth), in kissing: Osculafigere. Virgo Basium, kiss
of teudemess: Jactat basia tibicen, gratulan fautores pu- '
tato Phredr., throwing, kisses at one another. Suav ium, kiss
oC love, producing sweet sensatious: Attica, quoniam hilarula
est, meis verbi& suavium des. Cic.
P.
753. PACARE, PACIFICARE; PAC,A.TUS, PLACATUS. Paca-
re, reestablishing peace and quiet, bringing, reducing lo
peaee: His rebus gestis omni Gallia p a c ata. Creso P j-
cificare, making peace,' concluding it; Pacificatum
legati a Volscis venerunt. Liv. - Pacatus, peaeeable,
where no war or civil commotions exist: Eloquentia in pa-
ca t i s tranquillisque civitatibus pracipue jloruit. Cie. P 1 a.
catus, calmed, respecting violent passions: lllum sope in-
censum ira vidi, sape p la c a t u m. Cie.
754. PAeTuM, CONVENTUM, INDUCllE, PAX, SPONSlO, PAC-
TIO, FCEDUS. P a c t u m, that which is settIed aud mutuaHy
promised by several persons after previous agreemeut, to the
performance of which they bind themselves according to law;
the formally concluded contract, which has become legal:
P a c t u m est, quod inter aliquos convenit, quod jam ita jus-
twn mtatur, ut jure praslare dicatur. Cic. Conventum,
that on whieh people agree for the present, without having
setded aud fixed it unalterably; au agreemeut, an under-
atanding: Fides est dictorum co n ven t o r" m que C01l8tantia
756. Pall'"' 756. Palam.
el "enlas. Cic. Pactum eon"entum, a atipulation, ac
commodation, settlement agreed upon. Ina"ci. (inaucwe)
.e. fen., armistice, when, according to agreement, the opeo
war is suspended for a fixed time: Ind"ci. nmi belli f-
rit& Varr. Par, peace, as well the settled agreement
that heneefortb war between too respective parties sbaU cease,
88 that state oC quiet in which we are protected against hos-
tilities: ConsuZes p a e e m cum Samnitibus fecerunt. Cie.
Pace tua di.xerim. Id., with thy permission. Spondo, ths
wager, a compact, alliance concluded by mutual agreemeDt
of the commanders of armies, without approbation or confir-
mation of superior authorities; PacHo, the formaUy cou;.
cIuded and legal contract, on 'which litigating partie& have
agreed; Fmdus, a public allianee of two or more uationa
Cor social purposes, confirmed by the authority of tae lltate
and people: Consules, quum de fmdere viet.or agitaret, ne
garunt injus8U populi f m d u. fieri palie, nee 81&e feliti/.1u8
Ct2rimoniaque ala .ollemni. Itaque "",. fmaere paz Ca-
dina, sea per spon.ionem facta ut. Liv. Si rea aa pac-
ti o n e m non venit, longius bellum puto fore. Cie.
755. PAGUS, VICUS, PLATEA. Pagus (pangere), a numo
ber of dwellings built closely together, a village, borough,
with their inhabitants; and a number of farmed districts
eontiguous to one another, with villages and towns, a district,
canton: P a g u a agat futum: p a g u m lustrate coloni. Ovid.
Omnis ci'vitas Hel"etia in quatuor pagos dioisa ut. Creso
Vicus, a part, ward of a town, separated by a street from
tha rest: ,Nullum in urbe v i e u m e.se, in qua Miluni non
uset eonducta domus. Cie., and a village, as smaller commu
nity, eontradistiDguished from pagus: Reliqui omisS8 pagia
"icisque in svas disperguntur. Tae. Pliitea, a wide
road between two rows oC houses, a street: Si te in p 1 a t e a
o.ffendero, quod dicas, iter hae habui, periisti. Ter.
756. PALAM, APERTE, PUBLICE, VULGO. Pdlam, pub.
liely, before aU the people, so that every ODe can perceive it,
opp. clam: Luce, paZ a m in deorum hominu1l&f1ltJ eonspec,"
est oceisus. Cie. Aperte, open, openly, known by every
ooe, and without reserve or dissimulation, 0pp. occrJte:
A pe r t e falsum. Cie. Tum p a 1 a m pugnare poteratis,
quum hoste7ll, a pe r te videretis. Id. Pub 1 i e e, under pub-
lie authority, caused by or with the knowledge of the state
or soma authority, opp. privatim: Naois adifieata est pu/J.
licV opers, publice eoactis, eique mdjftcBnda p"Utc"
757. Palumbe8. 761. Pantler6. 333
senalor prafoit. Cie.Vulgo, general, by every one: Vul-
go loquebantur, Antonium mansurum 6sse Casilini. Cie.
757. PALll'IIlBB8, COLUMBA. Pdlumb6s, a large species
of ring-dove, wbich traveJs from one eountry to anotber, fol-
lowing tbe erop; Oolumba, the smaller, domestieated one,
or pigeon.
758. PALPEBRE, CILIUM, SUPERCILIUM. Palpebr.,
eyelids; Cilium, eyelasbes; Supercilium, eyebrows,
aIso used for dark graveness, pride, overbearing: Palpe-
bra 8Unt tegmenta ocu.lorum, munitaque sunt tamquam vallo
pilorum. Cie. Ira COfItractis superciliis, trstitia deduc-
tis, hilaritas remissis ostenditur. Quinctil.
759. P ALUS, SUDES, STIPES, SUBLICA, RIDICA, V ALLtTS.
P aZus, the straigbt, thin pole or post, to bold firm that which
is tied to it: Servi ad palum alligantur. Cie. Sudes, a
post to stick in the ground: Ripa eral acutis sudibus pra-
jixa. Creso Stipes, a post as thiek as a tree, rough, driven
firmlyand deep into the ground: In fossis sudes sHpi-
tesque praacutol1 tlefigit. Cres.; benee, stupid, like a stick
a stiek (in stupidity): Consul tamquam truncus atque I1tipu.
Cie. Sublica (sublevare, making lighter, easing). a prop-
ping post, whieh supports a weight, apile of a bridge: PO'M
sublicius. Liv. Ridica, a stiek in the vineyard, split and
cornered, while the palus is round; Vinea stabilienda melior
e8t ridica palo; pracipua est cuneis fosa olea, quercus et
suber. Colum. Va llus, tbe eamp or fortifieation post, with
branches, 51: Romanus bifurcos et trium aut quatuor ramo-
rum vallos cadit. Liv.
760. PAMPINUS, PALMES, FLAGELLUM, SARMENTUJ(. Pam-
pinus, the young sprout of leaves of tbe vine, the foliage of
a vine: Uva vestila pampinis. Cie. Palmes, vine, and
a sprout of a vine: P a 1 m i t u m duo genera sunl: alterum,
quod ex duro provenit, alterum, quod ex anneulo p a 1 m i t e
procreatur. Colum. Flagellum, the thin,fragile pointsof
a vine, the ereepers: Vitem vocant minorem flagellum;
majorem, unde uva na&C'llntur, palmam. Varr. Sarmentum,
the part of tbe vine whieb hears lea ves alone: Vitem ferro
amputat, ne silve8cat sar1ll6ntis. Cio.
761. PANDERE, APERIRE, RESERABE, REeLUDERE, PATEo
PACERE. Palldere, opening, by expanding, unfolding, e. g.
brachia; A pe ri r e, opening something oovered, bidden, so
tbat it may be seen, uneovering, diseovering, 0pp. operire:
caput involutum, /)$tiufl', ararium, ft;S latente8; ]leararfl,
762. Pangere. 765. Parem.
pulling back the bolt, unboIting: Urbem alii ruerare jIt.
bent el pandere portas Dardanidi8. Virgo Recldere,
uolocking, and thus making that which is well kept and pre
eerved accessible, e. g. portas: Ebrietas opert.a recludit.
Hor. Ptefacere, opening wide, leaving ajar: Tramfos80
pariete iter in urbem patefacere. Liv. Viam aperire,
opening, breaking a way, removing that which impedas; pa-
tefacere, making it practicable.
762. PANGEBE, FIGEBE, CONFIGERE, DEFIGEBE. Pan
gere, paclring, inserting firmly, and attaehing firmly: Pan
gi ramulum placuit. Suet., planting. Figere, fixing, affix
ing, attaching: mucrones in h08te. Cc. Clavum pangere,
beating firmly in ; figere, beating in, so that it remains in;
Legem, tabulam figere. Cie., fixing it to something, like a
band bill , placardng. Configere, percing: capras SQgit-
tia; Defigere, thrusting into something: Bcam in corpore
COfIBUlis. Cie.
763. PAPYRUS, CHABTA, MEMBRANA. Papyrus (rarely
fHJPYrum) , the Egyptian papyrus plant; C harta, paper
made of the fine inner layers of the same, glued together
witb the thiek Nile water: P a p y r u m nascitur in palustriln#
lEgypti. Praparantur ez eo chartez, diviso acu in prte-
fttIU philuras. Plin. Membrana, 309, skin prepared and
smoothed for writing, parehment: Homeri carmen in m e na-
rana 8criptum. Cie.
764. PARARE, ADPARARE, COMPARARE, ACQUIRERE. P
rare, making ready, plaeing in readiness: Nervii turres,
falees testudinesque parare ac facere caperunt. Cres. Ju-
ments Gallia delectatur, eaque impenso parant prelio.
Cres., procuring. A dparare, obtaining all that is necessary
in order to effeet and exeeute a eermn thing, making prepa
rations for somethng: Agesilaus officinis, armorum institutis,
magna industria bellum adparavit. Nep. Comparare,
getting something ready, by bringing together all requisites:
Prncipe8 8enatu8 suadendo 8ex tribunos ad interce88i01le11l
comparavere. Liv. Ornare et apparare convivium.
Cie., preparing the viands beforehand. Acqui"ere,obtaio-
ing by the applicaton of pains, exertion, gaining with labor:
Sibi, quod ad usum vitez pertinet, acquirere. Cie.
765. PARENS, PATER, GENITOR; PATRES, SENATORES,
MAJORES; PATRICIUS, NOBILlS, Novus HOMO. Pren8, ia
the father, inasmueh ali the son derives his existenee from
him; hence, Parente8, parents. Pilter, is the father, D8
766. Pardm. 768. Par,.
the procreator, nourisher, and provider, hence used in the
civil seDse Genitor, as procreator, in the physical seuse
alone, see 669. Romulus, parens urbis. Liv. Ingenuo
patre natus. Hor. Homine nihil ab optimo et prcestantil-
simo genitore meliusprocreatum. Cie. - Patres, anees-
tors, from whom we deseend, up to the founder of the race
Ol family; Majores, anceslors, inasmuch as they have
lived befon:! us (German Voifallren); the Englishforifathers
la often used for majores; frequently majores designates the
earlier anceslors, contradistinguished from the later ones;
bence, apud patres nostros,patrum memoria, at the time
ofour falhers; more majorum concessumest, accordiDg to
old usage, custom. -Patres, the title of tIle assembled
Roman senators, in contradistinetion to populus and plebs ;
Senatores, as old and experieneed people: In agris erant
t1lm .enatores, id est, senes. Cie. Patricius, one of
the hereditary nobility, i. e. a deseendant froro an old sena-
torial family; N o bilis, ODe whose ancestors had been vested
with bigh offiees; what in modern Europe would be eaIled
nobilily of merit, contradisliDguished froro hereditary nobility.
As siDce the year 346, A. U. C. plebeians could obtain high
plaees, they could likewise become nobiles; but they did not
Ohtain thereby tbe privileges of tbe patrician and the patron-
age connected with il. If a plebeian obtained a high political
dignity, and was the first of bis family who did so, be was
called Homo novus: Romulus centum creal senatore
P a t r e s ab honore, p a tri ci i que progenies eorUln appellati.
Liv. Videmus, quanta sit in invidia apud quosdum homfRu
Robile. novorum hominum virtus et industria. Cie.
766. PARDUS, PANTHERA. Pardus, leopard, pantber
PantAera, the femole ofthe same. .
767. PARlES, MACERIA, MURUS, M<ENIA. Pariea, the
waIl, whieh separtes (separare, from which the word) a rooro
or house froro the other spoee: Nam tua res agitur, paries
ql.W1n pro:eimus ardet. Hor. Miiceria (macer), a garden
or vineyard waIl: Debent llorti esse clausi; quibus copia
suppetit, macerias luto et lapide excitant. PalIad. Mu-
rus, a waIl for proteetioll, with Ihe idea of beigbt, firmness j
Mamia, cjty wall, especjally the higbest part of jt, as bul-
wark, fortification: Circumjecta multitudine hominum totil
f'JImnibus, ""dique lapides in murum jaci capti sunt, mu-
t:usque defensoribus nudatus esto Creso
768. PARS, PORTIO. Pars, part, refers to the wbole to
336
769. Parum. 770. Parvus.
which 1t belongs: bonorum, eorporis; hence, par t e " parta
of a drama, which faH to an actor, his part, e. g. primal par-
tes agere; and the obligation we have taken upon ourselves:
7Uum est Me munus, tua partes. Cic. Portio, part, in-
asmuch as he that divides means to bring it in a certain pro-
portion to the whole: Mamertini8 frumentum pro porti-
o n e imperabatur. Cic., their proportionate part; but Aliquitl
opis fortasse ego pro mea, tu pro tua, pro sua quisque par t e
ferre potuisset. Id., every one for his part, what every oDe
was able 10 do, according to his ability. Only with later
writers is Por t i o used for portion, or share which belODgs
to sorne one, or is destined for him: Festinat tlecurrere lire-
vissima vita por t i o. Juvenal.
769. PARUM, PAULUM, MomeE; PAllltMPER, PAULISPER.
P irum (belongs to pareere), little, too little, not enough;
designates lack of sufficiency, opp. nimium: Satis eloquentia,
sapientia parum. Sall. Paulum (navm,), liule, not much,
and Paululum, a very little, in the sense of yielding, opp.
multum: P aulum abfoit, quin Varum interfieeret FaMus.
Cres.; also, hautl multum abfuit. Hae paulum immutata
eohrerere non possunt. Cic. M o die e, 672, a little, Dot par-
ticular, in a little degree: Mina Clodii m o die e me tangunt.
Cic.-Parumper, for a short time, in the seDse of short-
ening, abbreviating; Paulisper, during a short period, in
the sense of quielly persevering: Discedo parumper a
somniis, ad qua mox revertar. Cic. PaulilPer mane.
Ter.
770. P.ARVltS, EXlGuus, BREVts, MINltTus, PUSILLUS.
Parvus (parcere), sparingly, small, in the sense ofnot fuH,
entire; hence, parvi, the li\tle ones: Ex parvil sape
magnarum momenta rerum pendent. Liv. Exiguus (ezi-
gere, that which must first be searched out from among oth-
ers), inconsiderable, puny, e. g. mus: Agesilaus stalura foil
humili et corpore exiguo. Nep., unimportant appearance.
Exiguum, sed plus quam nihil illud erit. Ovid. Bre" il,
short, smalI as to circumference, length, and width: Bre" ia
vada. Virg., shallow fords. Rus breve. Ovid. Statura
brevis. Suet. Minutus, most puny, hardly observable,
in the sense of detracting: Myrmecides, minulorum opus-
culorumfabricator. Cic. Pusillus, very small, dwarf-like,
in the sense of the crippled: Pusillus telt" processit. Hic
Granills: Perpusillum rogabo. Ritlicule. Setlebatju-
dex, brevior ipse, quam testis. Cic.
771. Pauim. 774. Palronus. 887
771. PASSIM, Huc lLLUC, ULTRO CITRO. Pauim (pan-
dere), bere and tbere, far and wide, strewn Itbout: Militu,
"lii agmine, alii palati pauim per agros, Canusium per-
fogerunt. Liv. Huc illuc, bitber and tbitber, now in tbis
direction, now in tbat direction, refera to a movement opposite
in direction to tbe speaking perean: Ne cursem huc illuc
"ia delerrima. Cic. Ultro citro, tbe otber side and tbis
side, i. e. to and fro, bitber and tbitber, referS to tbe cbange
of a locality remote from tbe speaker, and tbe opposle point
near bim: InternuntU ultro citroque miasi. Ce. Bene-
ficia u li r o ci t r o data accepta.
772. PATERE, PORRIGI; PATENS, PATULUS, PItOPATULUS.
Piltere, standing open, being opened: Apud Germanos hos-
pitibus omnium domus patento Cres.; of a eountry Iying
open before one, so that it may be viewed, and extending:
Planities circ-iter millia passuum 111 in latiludinem p a t e-
b a t. Id. Ars ea late p a t e t el ad multos pertinet. Cie.
Porrigi. 406, extending, of countries wbich draw along, as
it were, far out before tbe eye of the observer: Pars Suevo.
mm in secretiora Germania porrigitur. Tac.-Patens,
standing open, as an accidental tbing: Calttm ex t>mni parte
patens atque apertum. Cic. Patulus, wide open, extend-
ed, wide asunder, as enduring circumstance or quality, e. g.
aures: Patulis iniit tectumfenestris. Ovid., always open;
patens fenestra, on the otber band, that which happene to
be open. Platanus ad opacandum hunc locum p a tul i s est
diffusa ramia. Cic. Propatulus,open into the wide die-
tance, so that everybody may see or go thitber; of free,
open places of considerable lengtb and breadtb: In propa
ttllis epulati sunt. Liv., in tbe open street.
773. PATINA, LANX, MAGIS, CATINUS, PA'l'ELLA, SCUTULA.
The larger dishes on the tables of the Romans \Vere: P i H,-
na, wide and deep, also with a cover j Lanz, deeper, sweep.
ng out; Magis, idis, and Magida, a, similar to tbe
Lan:c; Citinus and Catinum, a basin or similar veesel
for semi.liquids, gravies, &C. Smaller were the Patell",
and tbe foureornered Scutula ot Sculella.
774. PATRONUS (CLIENS), ADVOCATUS, CAUSIDICUS, COG
NITOR, PROCURATOR; PATROCINIUM, CLIENTELA, TuTELA.
Piltronus, in tbe early times, a patrician, who, as protector,
had received a plebeian, in order to defend him in every legal
case, for which the lauer, as CHens, honored bim as fatber,
llerved bim with bis fortune and even life; neitber was pero
29
338 775. Patruru.
mitted to act in any way hostilely against tbe otber. At Jater
periods, a similar relation existed in Rome between tbe mas-
ter, as Patronus, and bis manumitted. slave, as Clie7ls;
in the Jus applicati07lis, if a foreigner attached himself lo
ODe of tbe Roman magnates as client, or entire places or
countries placed themselves the patronsbip of a power-
fui family, as the Sicilians bad tbe Marcelli fOl patrons,
through whom tbeir affairs were carried on. We have seen
something not quite unlike, tbough but passing, with reference
to Canada and sorne members of Parliament. Bence, in gen-
eral, a protector, and the legal assistant who spoke in court
for the client: Clarissimi vin nostra civitatis hoc sm am-
plissimum ducebant, ab hospitibus clie7ltibusque suis iJ!ju-
nas propulsare eorumque fortunas defendere. Cie. Tanto
opere apud nostros justitia culta est, ul, qui civitates aut na-
tiones devictas bello in jidem recepissent, earum p a t ron i
essent more majorum. Id. Ego huic causa patronu8 ez-
,titi, uti ne omnin/1 desertus esset &3;. Roscius. Id. A d v o-
c a t u s, a legal IlSIIistant, counsel, who made himself useful lo
a party in an action, by his presence and advice in court.
The Advocati sat by tbe accused while the accuser spoke,
until one of them rose .to speak (Patronus): Orat reus,
urgent advocati, ut invehamur. Cic. Causidicus, a
common lawyer, who is no good speaker, a talker: Inutilem
litium advocatum, quem causidicum vulgo vocamus.
Quinctil. In judiciis privatis, the Cognitor was the agent,
mandatarius, who managed in court tbe case of a party pres-
ent; Procurator, 303, of a party not present,-Patro-
cinium, the business, the paternal protection of a patronus;
in general, protection, if we interest ourse)ves for an affair,
e. g. aquitatis. C 1 i e n l e 1 a, tberelation of a cliens to bis
protector; in the plural also for the clients themselves: Se
in fidem et c 1 i e n t e 1 a m alicujus c07lferre. Cie. &is, quam
diligam Siculos, et quam illam clientelam honestam judi-
cem. Id. Tutela, the protection, as care and watcbing over
the protected: In alicujus fide et clientela esse. Cie., be-
ing I!Ome one's client. Sit in ejus tutela GalUa,
tuli commendata est. Id., 8tanding under the superintendence
and protection; benee, the guardianship, the legal authority
to take the persan and properly of a minor under protection
and superintendence: Tutela ad eorum utilitatem" qui COJll-
missi su1Jl, gerenda est. Cie.
'77:5. PATaUl1S, AvuNcuLUs; FRATER PATllUELIS, GER-
776. PauCus. 778. Peculatu8.
339
MANUS. Patruus, brother of the father, uncle; Avuneu-
lus, brother of the mother, uncle; Avuneulus magnfu,
major, brother of the grandmother: Ne Bis patruu8 mihi.
Hor., meaning a moralizer, on account of the severity of tbe
uncles compared to the indulgence at the hands of the fathers.
Octavianus CCll8aris eognomen a8sumait testamento m ajo ri.
avuneuli. Suet.-Frater (soror) patruelis, son ofthe
patruus,.used ofthe children oftwo brothers; Frate,. ge,.
manus (soror germana), the brother, if children have the
same parents, or at least have the same fatheror mother:
Una nobiseum erat L. Ccero, frater noster eognatione pa.
truelis, amore germanus. Cic. Marcus, the father oftbe
orator M. Cicero, and Lucius, father of L. Cicero, were
brothers, sons of the elder M. Cicero.
776. PAUCUS, RARUS. . P a u e u 8, generalIy in the plural
P a u ci (belongs to paulum, 769), fe.w, in no considerable
number, opp. multi; R ar 11.8, standing singly and far apart,
opp. densus,frequen8; rare, not frequently occurring: P au-
cis temeritas est bono, multi8 malo. Pluedr. Brtanni mm-
quam conferti, sed rari magnisque intervallis prreliabantur.
Cms. Raros colligis hine et hinc ca pillos. Martial.
777. PAUPER, INDIGUS, EGENUS, INOPS, MENDICUS. Pau-
per (for pauber, belongs to paulum, properly, be wbo has
been reduced to the very ceasing), tbe poor, who has not
much for his support, and has to.limit bis expenses, opp. di
ves: lEqua lege pauperi cum divite non lieet. Plaut. In-
d.igus, 177, in great want, one who has a distinct, specific,
urgent want, for which, in prose, indigens: Canes Colo.
phoniis erant fidelissma auxilia, nee stipendiorum ndigo.
Plin. Egenus, 177, indigent, he who suffers want in the
necessary, or at least in the indispensable, tbings of life ; more
common egens, opp. abundans: Egena aquarum regio.
Tac. Inops, helpless, one who slands in need or help and
assislance: Inops auxilii humani. Liv. &mnites, eoacti
i JI o p e s ad opulentiorum auxilium conJugere. Id. M en d . .
eus (menda), poor, like a beggar, a beggar, of the higbest
degree of destitution: lEquo m e n die u s atque ille opulen
tissimus censetur mortuus. Plaut.
778. PECULATUS, REPETUND..IE. PeciHattts (pecilari,
embezzling or otherwise unlawfully appropriating common
property), a theft. of slate property, originally of cattle (be.
longing to the community), later also oC money; hence,
Peculator and Depeculator,who embezzles public,
340 '779. Pejerare. 782. Penetrare.
aDd also private money, ODe wbo keeps it faitblessly: Sester-
tium 'eplies millies averlis8e .Antonium pecu71ia publica jud-
cavistis. Num fraude poterit carere pe c u 1 a t u s 1 Cie.
Peculator Veientana prada rellS faclus. Liv. Repe-
tu n d a, sc. res, pecunia, extortioos by Roman magistrates in
the provinces; wben they bad levied unlawful taxes, aecepted
presents, arrogated precious articles and otber tbings of value ;
if tbey were convicted.of tbis offance, tbey were obliged to
refund: Silius et uxor Sosia repetundarum criminibus
1&atebant. Tac. L. Piso Frugi legem de pecunii, reptJo
tundis :primus tulit. Liv.
779. PEJERARE, FALSUM JURARE. Pejerare, also Per-
jurare, being perjured,or becoming so, knowingly taking
a false oitb, or breaking an oatb; Falsum jurare, 8wear-
ing sometbing false without intention or kDowledge, affirming
witb an oatb an untruth wbicb we consider true: Qui mentri
,olet, pejerare consuevit. Cic. Non enim falsum jura-
re perJurare est; sed, quod EX ANI)'II TUI SENTENTIA
juraris, id non facere perjurium esl. Id. _
780. PELLERE, FUGARE. Pellere, pusbing, tbrusting, or
driving away, e. g. possessore.s sui8 sedibus: Hosti"", aciu
pulsa atque infugam conversa esto Creso Fugare, putting
to fligbt, chasing away: Hostes fusi et jugati. Cic. Si
mihi sit, eum, qui pulsus jugatu,que sil,
110n esse dejectum. Id;
781. P};NDERE, PENSARE, PENSITARE, TRUTINARI. Pen-
,Ure (dis-pennere, tentering), keeping in a pending posi-
tion, weighing, weighing out, see 706; paying (wbich con-
aisted originally in weighing out): Tributum populo Romano
pendere. Liv., and intransitive weigbing, having a certain
weight: Talentum ne minus pondo octoginta Romanis pon-
deribus pe n d a t, Tropical, estimating, judging: Te ex vir-
tute tua 1>endimus; Res spectalur, non verba pendun-
tur. Ce. Pensare, Pensitare, weighiog out and off,
witb greater accumcy and cara: Centurionem, pensantem,
aurom,oeeiderent. Liv. Mone1d, ut ex jactis, non ex diclis,
amicos pensent. Id. Concilia, pensitanda magnis ani-
mis atque ingeniis. Id., weighing (io tbe sense of the German
erwiigen). Trutina'l'i, 634, weigbiog a subjeet witb tbe
finest observation: E:r:porrecto trutinantur verba labello.
Pers.
782. PERMANARE, PEBVADERE. Penetrare,
entering with exertion
l
arriving at tba inner space of a tbing,
783. Pero 341
by exertion against the resistance offered by tbe sides of a
tbing, penetrating: Ostium Pont viderunt, et eu angustias,
per quu penetravit Argo. Cic. Res penetrat in ani.
moS. Id. Permanare, foJwing tbrougb a passage, arriving
at a place, as far as that place; is used of gradual, progressive
motion in a certain course: E:e alvo BUCCUB is, quo alimur,
permanat ad jecur per quasdam viu: Cie. Pervadere,
penetrating tbrough and as far as a place, working tbrough
diffieulties: ANninio GalZica cohortes signa objecerunt; n8U
tamen corporis et impetu equi perv asit. Tac. Fama urbem
pervasit. Liv., diffusing.
783. PER, TRANS. Per, tbrougb, ofa motion along tbe
inner spaee of a tbing, from one end to anotber, refers espe.
cially to the centre of the spaee to be penetrated, tbe passage,
transit; Trans, on the other side, beyond, of a motion as fa\'
as, and to the end of-a tbing on the other. side, tbe obtaining
of this final point, and the beginning of tbat wbieb is beyond,
the getting over, beyond: Erat iter unum per Sequanos, vi:c
qua Bingul carri ducerentur. Cres.; also over, if we speak
of surfaees, on which mueb spaee remains on botb sides of
the course of bim who passes over tbem; otberwise tbe mere
Ablative is used: Iter per Alpes patifacere. Creso Hostes
circumvenli se per munitiones dejicere et fuga salutem pe
tere intenderunt. Id. In foro pompa constitit, inde vico
Tusco Velabroque, per Boariumforum in adem Junonis
perrectum. Liv. Servium elatum e curia in inferiorem par
ten, per gradua dejicit. Id., down the stairs. Veliterni sunt
jussi trans Tiberim habitare. Id. Nuntii lrans mare
missi. Cie. Multu lVes frigidus annua t r a n s pontum fu
gato Virgo
In compounds, per signifies sometimes tbe eontinuation of
an aetion up to its completion, e. g. peragere, perorare; some
times tbe higbest degree of perfeetion, as our tbrough and
through, tbroughout, e. g. pervelle, pernegare ; sometimes to
the carrying out of an action until the entire destruetion of ita
object, e. g. perdere, perimere, perfidua. Trans retains its
meaning uncbanged, and shows it by orthography; hut, if its
own meaning imites witb tbe radical signification of tbe verb
in such a manner tbat a new idea is produced, the sounds of
this partide likewise are fused with tbe verb; hence we have -
only transcurro, transgredior, generally also, transmitto,
transveho; but trado, trano, trajicio, and, with Cicero now
and then, tramitto, traveho, traIJerto.
29-
783. Pero
l. Perfuga, deserter, from fllithlessness and bad ioten.
tion; Transfuga, from dissatisfaetion with his party, o.r
thoughtIessness: Pe r fu g a, qui societatem cum ipsu ad"er
sariis coiit. Cie. Numida specie transfugarum in CQ.I.
tra venerunt, u.t inde, tempore capto, abirent. Liv. -2. Pero
fi d us, perfidious, faithless, who intentionally aets eontrary
to his obligation voluntarily entered upon, and thus injures the
rights of another; 1 nfi d u s, unfaithful, \vho abandons Ol de.
viates from avoluntary obligation, in not lo be de.
pended upon in words or deeds: PerJid08 amico3-ulciscar
nihil credendo atque omnia cavendo. Cie. Tarquinium e.uu.-
lntem ferunt intellezisse, quos fidos amicos habuisset, qua,
infid os, quum jam neutris gratiam reJerre p08s.et. Id.-";
3. Permutare, ehanging throughout, exchanging in barter.
ing; Commutare, changing for another tbing; by Pero
mutare, the places of two things are changed; by Gomma&-
tare, the one thing is pl.aeed on the spot of the
Immutare, altering, designates the passing over into another
atate: Numida appellati Nomades a permutandis pa,,"-
lis. Plin. India i:B8 et plumbum gemmis su8 de margaritiB
permutat. Id. Fures earum rerum, quas ceperont, signa
com'.utant.. Cie. Adjuncti verbi primam literam prO!:pQ-
sitio commutavit, ut suffugit, summutavit. Cie. Regu-
lus de coptivis commut.andis Romam mis8U8 est. Id. N9f1
ezspectata a Fabio senatus auctoritas est in permutandis
captit'is. Liv., there they should be exchanged, here they
were ransomed. Plato negat mutari posse musicas leges
sine immutatione legum pltblicarum. Cie., giving a differ-
ent form befitting to that whieh has been ehanged. Vestes
mutare, putting on different, generally mourning dress;
commutare or vest.em cum aliqua mutare, exehanging
dress with one aDother: JUico Amphitruo fio et vestitum im-
muto meum. Plaut., ehanging them.-4. Perspic8re, see-
ing through a thing, lo the ground of it; Prospicere, see-
ing out into a distaDee, foreseeing a thing: Sepes ejfeceram,
quo non modo intrari, sed n6 perspici quidem PQsset. ClEs.
FA vultu meum erga te amorem perspicere potusses. Cie.
& superioribus locs prospicere in urbem. ClEs. Pro.
spicere fufura. Ter. Consulite vobis, prospicite po-
tria. Cie., watehing over.-. Pervertere, reversing, so
that somelhing perpendicular is plaeed in an oblique, wrong
positioD, upsetting: Coqui aulas perv ertunt, ignem restin-
punt aqua. Plaut. Casar omniajura pencrtit propter
784. Percelkre. 786. Perdere.
principatum. Cie. Pe r ver ter e aliquem, throwing down,
ruining. Evertere, 339. Subvertere, subverting, up-
setting, by exertion from below upward: Galbm imaginu
discordia temporum subversas, in omnibus municipiis re
coli jus8it. Tae.
784. PERCELLEBE, PERCUTERE. P"rcellere, throwing
to the ground by a severe, violent blow, thrust: Ventus plauso
trum oneratum pe r c e 11 i t. Cato. Duodecim adolescentu-
lorum paucitate pe r c u 1 s a e s t LacedtB1Tl.oniorum potentia.
Nep.; hence, Perculsus, surprised, stupefied, embarrassed
. and stupefied by sudden and violent impressions, e. g. pavo
re, metu, clade, deorum ira: GrOlcia jam diu suis cOflciliis
perculsa et ajflicta e8t. Cie. Percutere, 523, shaking
through and through by one blow or thrust; Percu8s'l8,
i t ~ of a more transitory, acute impression: Percu88u8 viro
ga; turres de cOllo pe r c u ss Ol. Cie. FortunOl gravissimo
perculsu8 vulnere. Id., al. perC1IS8U8. Non dubito, quin
tales viri, suspicione aliqua pe r c u ss i repentina, de stata
&uD declinarint. Id., al. perculsi.
785. PERcussoR,INTERFEcToR, SlCARIUS, HOMICIDA, PAIl.
BICIDA. Percussor, murderer, who kills by thrusts, pon-
iaro: Pe r c u 88 o r, ab isto mis8us, deprehensus cum sica. Cie.
Interfector, one who kills violently: Cum interfecto.
ri, gloria interfici. Cic. Sicarius, an assasSin, bandit,
who only used too dirk, stiletto: Vetus sicariu" homo
audax et sOlpe in cOlde verslltus. Cie . H o m i ci d a, aman
slayer, a homicide (as person); Parricida, a father-slayer,
parent-slayer, and in general, every malefactor who commita
erimes as blaek as parrieide: Fateor Brutos el Cassio8, nisi
liberatores populi Romani sim, plus quam sicario8, plru
quam homicidas, plus etiam quam parricidas e.sse:
siquidem est at,rocius patri03 parentem, quam suum occide
re. Cie. .
786. PERDERE, PESSUM DARE; PERIRE, PESSUM lRE; PER.
DITUS, PROFLIGATUS. P erd ere, spoiling, ruining: Jupiter
fruges perdidit. Cie. Rem paternam luzuria perdere.
Plaut., wasting, squandering. Pessum (foot.ward, i. e.
downward, to the bottom) dar e, allowing a lhing to go lo the
ground, destroying it: Ita pe88um dare alterum vult, al
,tiam navem perforet, in qua ipse navigat. Cie. Animus ad
inertiam et voluptates corporis pe88umflatu, esto Sall.
Perare, 701, perishing; Pessum ire, going lo destruetion:
Pompeiust &ipio.Ja:de perierunt; at Cato pr03clo.re. Ce

344 787. Peristroma. 790. Peroratio.
ha quibusdam stagnis ne lapides quidem pessum eunt. Se
Dee. Pessum ituros fecundissimos Italia campos, si flm-
nis Nar superstagnavisset. Tac. - Pe r d i t u s, ruined, loet .
withj)ut hope, respeeting fortune or morality: Plane perdi-
tus are a!ieao Cic. Adolescens perditus oc
dissolutus. Id. ProJligatus, 479, thrown to the ground,
ruined to exhaustion, abandoned: Marore aJllictus el pro-
fligatus. Cie. Nem.o est inventus tam profligatus, tam
perditus, tam ab omai non modo honestate, sed etiam si",.,
latione honestatis relictua. Id. '
787. PERISTROMA, STRAGULUM, TAPES s; TAPETUM, PE-
BIPETASMA, AULEUM, SIPARIUM. Peristroma
pa), 'and Striigul"m, Stragula vestis, a cover, which
was spread over the hed, generally eostly: Lecti conchyliati8
peristromatis strati. Cie. Tapes, Tapetum, a cal'
pet, generally woolly, with colored figures woven in, to cover
tables, walls, ftoors, &C. Est et hirta lana pilo crasBo in
tapetis antiquissima gratia. Aliter "ac Galli pingunt,
aliler Parthorum gentes. Plin. Peripetasma, an orna
mental carpet for walls and ftoors: lIla Attalica tot Sicili
nominata peripetasmata. 'Cie. Aulaum, the curtaD or
drop in the lheatre: Mimi est jam exitus, non fabula: a,,
laum tollitur. Cic., rises; at the beginning of the piece it
was let down. Siparium, the curtain in the comedy: Si-
parium, quo in scenis mimi utuntur. Fest.
78S. PERNA, PETASO. P ern a, the ham, as hjnd-quarter;
Petaso, as fore-quarter, down to the knee: Olus fumosa
CU1/J pede perna. Hor.
789. PERNICIES, EXITIUM, RUINA. Pernlcies (nu),
the violently destroying, that is, ruining of a living being, the
making it perishing, opp. salua; Exitium, the end and exit,
the tragical end, destruction, also of inanimate bodies; Ru-
ina, the breaking together, downfall, fall which is accompa-
nied with the destruction of the thing falling, e. g. conclal1is ;
Verres, labes atque pe r n i c i e s provincia .Sicilia. Cic. Len-
tulus de perrricie populi Romani et exilio hujus urbis
acerbe crudeliterque cogitavit. Id. R u i n a s fortunarum tua-
mm impendere tibi proximis Idibus senties. Id.
790. PERORATIO, CONCLUSIO, EPILOGUS; CLAUSULA. Too
last, especially elaborate part of a speech, according to the
rules of art, is Peroratio, inasmuch as the oration is now
earried through; Conclusio, as conclusion, which compre-
benda the chief points and moments; Bpilogus, as addi.
791. Perver8U8. 794. P,eere.
tion, after-speecb: Conclusio (et quaai peroratio) ue
e:ntus et determinatio totius orationis. Cie. Orator in epi.
lo.go misericordiam movet. Id. Clausula, tbe coneluding
formula, e. g. of a letter; also a short passage in a document,
whieh is peeuliarly exeepted, or reeeives a peculiar destina
tion, e. g. edieti: Utar ea clausula, qua soleo. Cie.
791. PERVERSUS, PREPOSTERUS. Perversus, 783, 6,
reversed, not as it should be; oeuli,unnaturally turned; pero
verso more. Cie., perverse, wieked. Praposterus, tbat
whieh ought to be bebind, or at tbe end, jf it is not tbere, out
of order, in a perverse manner, said or done at a wrong time,
preposterous, e. g. gratulatio: Praposteris utimur con
liliis et acta agimus. Cie. .
792. PERVIGIL, PERNOX. Perv'gil, very, alwaYIiI watch
fuI: Cust080paci pervigil regni canis. Senec. Pernou::,
lasting througbthe whole night: Luna pernou:: erat. Liv.
793. PESTIS, PESTILENTIA, LUES. CONTAGIO, CONTAGlUM.
Pesti8 (belongs lo pejor, bestia), every pemieious, disastroU8
evil, bringing ruin; in concreto, imagined as fiend, angel of.
deatb; Pestilentia, pest, and every similar malignant and
devastating malady in the abstract, also as a quality of places,
atmospbere, and wealher, whieh creates sueh maladies, pesti-
le.nee: Alii ala peste absumti. Lv., i. e. elade. llla fo-.
na ae pe-8tis patria. C i e ~ i. e. Clodius. Pestilentia
eo anno aliarum rerum otiumO prabuit. Multa duumviri
avertenda a populo pe8ti8 causa feeere. Liv. Lue8, tbe
widely diffused, impure, and slowly destroying substanee of
malady, infeelion: Gravem populis luem 8parsura pe8tis.
Martia\. Contagio, poetical Contagium (tangere), the
eontagious substance: Neo mala vicini pecoris contagia
ladent. Virgo
794. PETRRE, POSTULARE, FLAGITARE, POSCERR. PUe.
re, desiring, striving to reach,obtain somelhing, and, in tbis
sense, begging, e. g. con.mlatum, honores, asking for a thing;
A te operr, petimus. Cie. Per lileras ille precibus a
Sulla pe t i t, ut. Id. Reliquum est, ut te hoe rogem el a te
petam, ne temere naviges. Id. P08tulare (poseere); de
manding with reasaos of right and equity, making claims.
postulating: Quum tempus neces8'tasque postulat, deeertm&-
dum manu esto Cie. Darius p08tulabat magis, quam pe-
te b a t, ut, aecepta pecunia, SU08 sibi restitueret. Curto F la.
gitare, demandiog urgently. impeluously, admooishing:
Postulatur a te jam diu, vel flagitatur potiv.a /ria..
795. fiare.. 796. Piget.
toria. Cie. Qui metuo ne te forte fl a g i ten t : ego mrtesiJ&
mandavi, ut rogarent. Id. P08cere, demanding 80mething
absolutely, io the expeetation that it must be granted, fur-
Dished, &c.: Nema int'entw e8t tam audax, qui illud argen-
tum tam nobile p08ceret; nema tam impudens, qui po.tu-
laret, ut venderet. Cie. 18te unus inventw e s ~ qui parentes
pretium pro 8epultura liberum posceret. Id. Ex strengtb-
ens tbese meaoings: Expetuntur divitiCB ad UBfJ8 "itCB
'ReCessari08. Cie., desiring strongly,30l. Vix tu ab aliquo
Aoc exp08tulare auderes, et impetrare p088es. Id., earnest-
Iy, urgently asking. Ve8ter hon08 petitu8" Me diuturnis
precibw efflagitatu. ea8e videtur. Id., assauIting with
deman'ds, forced out by beggiog. Admetw, quum Them.is-
tocles ab Atheniensibw exp08ceretur publice, 8upplicem
DOn prodidit. Nep., urgeotIy asking for delivery.
795. PIARE (PIACULUM), EXPIARE, PROCURARE, LUSTRA-
BE. Piare, sbowing ooe's selfas pious, religious, and tbus
endeavouring to avert the wrath of the gods: Prncipes fol-
gura pianto. Cic. Silvanum lacte piabant. Hor., recon-
ciling; henee Piaculum, a sacrifice ofatonement: PyrrAfU
cum magno piaculo sacrilegii sui manubias retulit. Liv.
Expiare, reconeiling by a sacrifice, freeing from sin: Mari
omnia, qUCB violata 8unt, expiari putantur. Cic. Pro cu-
rare, taking care that the evil consequences of abad omen
be averted: Prodigia parumo credita, qua, per qua. ea p r 0-
curarent, aru.spices non erant. Liv. Lustrare (lucere),
properly', shedding light upoo a thing, viewing; purifying
something by a sacrifice of purificatioD, whicb sacrifice was
led around the object tQ be. purified: Re:t instructum e:tercitum
omnem 8uovetaurilibu. lU8travit. Liv.
796. PIGET, P<ENITET, TlEDET, PUDET. P'get (belongs
to pangere), it is mortifying, causes displeasure, distaste:
Referre piget, quid crediderint homine8. Liv. Ne quirJ
!a:xit, quod n08 p08t pigeat. Ter. PCBnitet, it is painful,
lt makes us regret, repent: Sapienti8 e8t, nihil, quod preni-
ter e pO'8it, facere. Cic. ( Milites) p re ni t e t in posterum
diem dilatum certamen. Liv., they feIt pain from impatience
and desire to fight. T CB d e t, it d isgusts, effeet of surfeit, dis-
taste at uniformity: TCBdet quotidianarum harum forma-
rumo Ter. TCBdet audir6 eadem milliea. Id. Pudere,
being ashamed, used of the feeling of displeasure at our ex-
posure, in whatever way: Me mm 801um piget atultiticemee
eed etiam pudet. Orat. p. Domo.
797. Pila. 801. Placet. 847
797. PILA, FOLLIS, GLOBUS, SPHERA. Pila, a hall in
.general, especially for game: Pila ludere. Cic. Foll"
properly, bellows; the balloon or ball filled with air, which
waspropelled bythearmorthe fist: Egotefollempugi-
latorium faciam. Plaut. Globu8, a ball, as firm, round
body, globe: Globus ternE jizus in medio mundi loco. Cic.
'Sphara, a perfectly round globe, especially an artificial
globe of the earth or heaven.
798. PILEUS, PETASUS, GALERUS, APEX, TUTULUS, Cu-
CULLUS. Pi leus, a cap of felt, similar to the half of an egg.
used as general name: Serv ad pileum voeati. Liv., the
sign of manumission. Peta8U8 a travelling hat,
with a wide rim: Peta8ati venunt tabellarii. Cie. Ga-
lerus, a eup of fur: Lupi de pelle galeros tegmen habent
capiti. Virg.Ape:r:, 89 (apere, apiaci), a high, conical hat,
provided with a small stiek at the top:. Ape:r: sacerdotum in-
,igne. Fest. Ttulus, a woollen cap, similar to a pyramid
(meta), as the }lamines and pontiJices wore; Cucullus, a
cowl, pointed, und fustened to the dress: Tempora Santonico
velas adoperla cueullo. Juvenul.
799. PINGERE, ADUlltBRARE, DELINEARE. Pingere (be-
longs to pangere), putting eolors on, painting: Britanniam
pingam eoloribus tuis. Cie. Pingere acu. Ovid., em-
broidering. Adumbrare, throwing shade upon something,
taking the shade of something, thal is, making a hasty draw-
ing, sketching, as to the ehief traits: Conseetatur non eminen-
tem ejJigiem, sed adumbratam imaginem. Cie. Deline-
are, making a sketch: Apelles, arrepto carbone, imaginem
in pariete de lineav il. Plin.
800. PINGUIS; OPlIltUS, OBESUS. Pingui, (pangere),
fat, of thick, solid mass of flesh, opp. maeer, e. g. agnu:
Ager pinguis ae tatus. Colum.; hence heavy, elumsy:
Corduba nat poeta, pingue quiddam sonantes ae perigri-
numo Cic. Agamus pingui Minerva. Id., not too
nicely. Opimus, of heallhy fulness, plump, e. g. boves:
Non tam habitus eorporia o pi m o s, quam gracililates eORSee-
tantur. Cie. Opmum et tamquam adipale dietionl genus.
- Id., very clumsy. Spolia 0llima, arms which a general
hall taken from his enemy. Obi'U8, corpulent, well-fed,
thick and round: In equo brevis alvUII obesaque
terga. Virgo
SOl. PLACET, LIBET. Pljeet, it pleases, it is found
good, designates pleasure in something which we recognise as
802. Plaga. B03. Plaga.
right; L i b e t, designates pleasure in something which- we
desire: PI a c e t mini, monumentum .fieri quam ampli8st.mum.
Cie., I am foro Placitum, ut epistola nomine Principi8
,criberentur. Tae., it was found well, it was resolved. - Non
libet plura 8eribere. Cic. Ido not like, bave no disposition.
Libitum e,t vobis ad hac impellere. Id., it has beeo
pleased. - -
802. PLAGE, RETIA, CASSES; VERRIC17LUM, EVERBICULUM:.
PUlga, a smaller, strong bunler's net, to catch larger ani-
mals, in hollow roads, passages; properly, the ropes with
which the Retia was put up; RUia (Rete; obsoleta- Reti8,
a net of gridiron form in general), is a larger net with wider
meshes, tor game of l kinds, birds, &c.; C 8 8l/J 8, a net, so
arranged that larger animals would entangle Iheir bead: Ata
trudit cane apro8 in obstante8 plaga8; aut amite levi rara
ten(#t retia, turds edacibttS dolo8. Hor. Decidit in ca,-
8e8 prada petita me08. Ovid. - Verriculum, genera11y
.Everriculum, a net, seine, a net surrounding a large part
when tbe ends are drawn together or out on shore, to catch
fish; Rete and Rete jaculum, a tbrowing net, also ealled
Funda, of the form of a funnel, with leuden balls at the
wider end, which in pulling out could be drawn (ogetber by a
string: Everriculo inlituseducerepi8ce8. Varr. Jnpis-
cinam re t e qui j a c u 1 u m parat, quando amit re t e pe8sum,
tum adducit 8inum. Plaut.
803. PLAGA, VULNUS, CICATRIX, ULCUS; PLAGE, ICTus,
VERBERA. PUlga, tbe blow, stroke, stripe, thrust of him
who gives tbem, and the wound caused thereby; Vulnu8,
aneient Volnus (vellere), the open wound (in tbe wounded
person): Cadebatur virgi8, quum interea nullus gemitus inter
dolorem crepitumque plagarum audieoatur. Cie. Vulnu8
obligare. Id.; hence, an acute injury, disgrace, loss, and
grief about it, as we use the word in the same way: Flami-
nius cecidit apud Trasimenum cum magno rei publica vul-
nere. Cic. - CiciHri:v, the wound grown over, scar, seam,
cicatrice: Luculentam mirmillo plagam accepit, ut declarat
cicatri:v. Cic. UlCU8, an ulcer hid uder tbe skin, a
wound, tbe matter of which extends deeper and further: Si
parum medicamenta projiciltnt, totum uleu8 usquead 8anam
carnem e:vcidi oportet. Cels. - P 1 ag a, are the blows, inas-
much as tbey injure, wound: JCtU8, inasmuch as the,. hit
(tell); Verbera, stripes, with reference tothe instrumeot,
which is swung: Aliquot plagi8 Eumenes vtdner""... Nep.
804. Plaudere. 807. Pluma.
349
Ab i c t u telo",m tuti remiges. Cms. Has non ,Centauru
ictu8 corpori injlixit Cie. Nudari juvene". jrIbet,
verberaqfle adjerri. Liv.
. 804. PLAUDERE, PUNGERE, EXPLODERE, S17PPLODBRB.
The beating together of two surfaces, producing a sound, is
called Plaudere, c1apping, if it indieates joy; Plangere
(plaga), beating, ifit indieates mourning: ManusinpllJu-
dend o consun,ere. Cie., manifesting approval or satisfaetOD
by the c1apping of hands. Morientes adspicit Alphenor,
pectora plangen8. Ovid. E::plodere, driving away by
elapping, stllmping; henee, showing dissatisfaction in tbe
tbeatre, &c, what we call hissing. E::pl08a lententia,
thrown aside; Supplodere, stamping strongly.
805. PLENUS, REFERTUS; 1M - COM - OPPLERE. P li-
nU8, full; Rejertu8 (jarcire), erammed full, entirely fuIl:
.A.quam ingere, fac plenum aenum sil. Plaut. Numeru
adole8cen8 ingenii plenu8. . . lada ac
p&ee rejerta. Creso lnaula referta Clc.-I ...
plere, filling something that is empty, hollow: me,.o pate-
ram. Virgo C o m p 1 e r e, filling eompletely: cavernas armato
milite. Virgo Omnia clamare ac jletu. Creso Opplere, to
the very brim, overfilling, and eovering sorne surfaee by filI.
ing 8Omething: Nivel omnia oppleverant. Liv. Veta
opinio Graciam o p p 1 e v it. Cc.
806. PLERIQUE, PLURIMI; PLERUMQ'ltE, PLOtmn1M. Pie.
rique (as qui8que, merque), most of them, !he largest num-
ber, or very many, in the meaning of insulation; see Com-
plures,704. Plurimi, most of tbem, taken together, as
the largest number referring to smaller ones; it is too super
lative of mmtus: Multi nihil produ8e 'fhil08ophiam, pi eri-
que eliam obu8e arbitranlur. Cie., Imagined separately;
benee, Quod pledqf omnu faciunt IJdolescentuli, lit
nimum ad aliquod 8ludium adjungant. Ter., inasmuch as to
all eonstituting tbe largest Dumber, the same can be ascribed,
but not plurimi omnes. Anseribus supponuntur olla paucis-
ftma 8eplem, pludma quindecim. Colum. ipsum
mult perhibent quidam Oririm, .plerique
JOf)em, plrimi Ditem patrem conjerJant. Tae. Accord
ingly, Plerumque, generaIly, very often: Fit plerumque
casu, Itllpe natura. Cie. Hac ip8a fortuita aum: p l eru ...
enim, ROf' ,emper BIIeniunt. Id. Plurimum, mostIy:
Purpura vivant annia plurimum 8eptenil. Plin.
807. PLUlIL\, PENNA, Puuu. . P lima, the dowJ!.-Ceatber:
30
3O
808. Pluvia. 811. Polliceri.
PI u m a versieolores eolumbia data sunt. Cic. Pe n n a, tbe
larger wing-feather, also the wing itself: PulvtJf'Cmpennis
dt.tergere. Plin. Gallina pullos pennis jovent. Cic. Pin-
na, a thick, stiff, and longer feather: Galli eaudis magnis,
frequentibus pinnis. Varr. Pinna data piacibus. Plio.,
fios.
808. PLUVIA, bIBER, N I ~ I B U S Pluvia, se. aqua, rain-
water, the rain, inasmuch as it is moistening, irrigating:
Aquas pluvias areere. Cic. Tenues pluvia." Virgo 1m-
ber, the heavy, pouring shower, which is violent, but does
not last long: Vehemens imber jit impete venti: at p '"via
longtlm moran eonsuerunt. Lucret. Nimbus, 729, tbe
gushing rain from dark c1ouds, with storm: Densi junduflur
ah athere ni m b i. Ovid.
809. POETA, VATES. Poeta (notEiJl) , the poet, who
makes, produces, creates poems; Va t e s, properly, a propb-
et; Ihe poet, as inspired person: Hac con.ficta arbitror el
p o e t i s esse. Cic. Sic honor et nomen divinis v a t i b'",
atque canninibus venit. Hor.
810. POLIRE, LIMARA, DOLARE, LEVIGARE. Pilire,
making smooth, polishing, making bright by rubbing and poI-
ishing, e. g" arma; Orationem polire. Cic., polishing, by
the removal of every thillg defective and objectionable. Li-
mare, filing: gemmas. Plin., grinding. Homo urbanitate
limatus. Cic. [The Germans use, in this case, precisely
tbeir word for ground.] Dolare, hewing, lopping, with an
axe or similar large instrument, or similar exertion: ,,-obur.
Cic., of a less degree of smoothness than is indicated by poli-
re: Calius non tractu orationia leni et aqoobili perpoUvit
illud opus, sed tlt homo neque doctus negue nuu:ime aptus ad
"dicendum, sicut potuit, d o 1 a v it. Id. L e v a r e and L e v i-
gare;smootbiog, removing roughness and unevenness: Le-
" vigatur jalee truncU8. Plin.
811. POLLICERI, PROMITTEBE (CONDICERE), SPONDERB,
DESPONDERE, STIPULARI, RECIPEIlE. Pollieeri, promis-
ing, io tbasense of offering one'lI self to sometbing from a
free action of the mind: Operam soom alicU pollieeri, ia
-the offer with wordl; ojjerre, tbe offer of prompt services
iR deed. Promittere, promising for tbe future, and
"obliging one'! self to sorne performance, in contradistinction
to the prompt performance: Atticus, quidquid rogahatur,
religiose pro mittebat; quod levis arbitratur, po llice-
ri, quod praslare no" posset. Nep. Pollieeri desig-
812. Pomum. 813. Po.",.
351
nates only willingness; promittere, the realiziionm the
promise, butelayed for some future periodo Promittere
alicui ad camam, accepting an invitation for the cama; e o tI-
dicere, inviting one's self, without invitation on the part of
the other, sending word tbnt we will taJee our dinner with a
friendo Sp01dere, vowing, solemnly promising or engag-
ing, witb guaranty and legally binding power;. pro aliquo,
becoming bail for anotber, guaranty, e. g. 10 money matters.
Stlpulari, asking another, in a legal form, whether he is
willing to promise something legally and formally, making
another solemnly promise: Phadromus. Spondestle,
miles, milti hanc uxorem 1 Miles. Spondeo. Plaut., by this
the contraet waslegally biding. Fenoris tui, quod stipu-
1 a n t i s popo n de r a m tibi, reliquam pensiunculam percipe.
Colum. Despondere (properly, givingaway from ooe:
Cives desponderant animoso Liv., giving up, away, tha
courage), giving a formal, solemn promise, used in matrimo-
nial vows, when, after proper asking (stipulatio), the father
of the bride promised (spondebat) tbe hand of his daughter,
aod thus gave her away (despondebat); and when the per-
son who wished to marry accepted (despondebat) the promise.
of tbe father; hence it can never be said d e s pon d e r e ado-
lescentem: Tulliolam Pisoni despondimus. Cic. Conai-
ficius adolescens Orestillalfiliam sibi despondit. Id .. Re-
cipere alicui, taking something upon one's self for nn'ltber,
giving the assurance that we will stand guaranty for the fuI-
filment of the promise or engagement of another, guaranty-
ing: Promitto in meque reeipio, fore Varronem tibi el
fJoluptati et usui. Cic.
812. POMUM, MALUM, BACCA. Pomum, every edible
tree fmit: Poma mensis non interdicta secundis., Ovid.,
uuts. M alum, larger fruits with kernels, apples, pomegran-
ates, peaches, lemons, with the exception of pears (pirum):
Puero aurea mala decem misio Virg., quinces. Bacea,
aneient B a c a, berry, every smaller sort of round berry of
trees and shrubs, olives, fruit of cedars, juniper, &o.: Lauri
baecal. Virgo
813. PONDUS, PONDO, MOMENTUM, QNus. Ponaus, a
body which has weight, gravity, as weight to measure, aod
the weight or measure of heaviness of a body: In terram fe-
runtur omnia nutu.8UO pondera. Cie. Pondo (indeclina-
ble), paund, and as Ablative, in weight; it is only measure
of weight: .Aun quinque potlao abstulit. Cie. Momen-
814. Pone. 816. Pt1piruJ.
'um, 699, tbe body wbich, placed in one of tbe halanced
!!Cales, gives tbe preponderance to tbe latte,. Chry,ippu
omnia verborum momentis, non rerum pon71eribus ez.
aminat. Cc. Onus, burden, tbe wegbt, inasmucb 8S it
weigbs upon tbe supporter, offering resistance to it: AseUius
gravius dorso Btlbiit onu,. Hor.
814. PONE, POST, A. Pone, bebind, only oflocality, in
the back, rear of a subject
f
obsolete; Pos t, after, behind,
local of order and rank, and of time; A, after, from behind,
C>nly in tbe sense of distance: Animal el ante el pone pro-
eedebat. Cic., backward. Pon e castra pabulatum bam.
Liv. Post tergum atlanre hostem. Cres., in the ,rear, in
the back, desiguates the position oC the attacking bekind too
enemy; a lergo atloriri, Id., tbe situation of tbe enemy
endangered in tbe direction of his rearo Quartus a vic-
toria mensis. Tac., after, since, from tbe victory.
815. PONERE, DEPONERE, REPONERE, COLLOCARE, STA-
TUERE. Ponere, putting, placing, assiguing a place, per-
manent for sorne time, to a t ~ i n g e. g. mensam, pedern, arma,
laying down arms; the expression deponere arma is stronger.
Deponere, placing, depositing at a certain place for saCe
keeping, e. g. pecuniam apud aliquem: Tabula testamenti
quum in arario poni non potuis.ent, apud Pmpeium 8U1It
deposita. Cms. Reponere, replacing something in its
proper place, and depositing, placing something in a certain
place, that it may resr there: Grues in tergo pravolantiUfll
eapita reponunt. Cic. Collocare,645, placing a thing
on a selected, spot, proportionate to tbe things around it,
making it take its proper, respective place: suo quidque in
loco; Ponere castra, establisbing a camp; locare, select-
ing a tit place for il, loeating t. Propugnatores in portia
ponere. Liv., placing; milites in acie loeare, drawing up
tbe lines; in summo jugo duas legione$ e o 110 e a t. Cles.,
posting them by eacb other. Spem poner/! in aliquo, firm
hope, with confidence; eolloeare in ineerto temporis
eventu, calculated on circumstances; Statuere, giving the
stand to a thing: Capti'vO$ vinetos in medio statuit. Liv.
816. POPINA, CAUPONE, TABERNA, Papina, a cooking
and eating sbop, in the neighbourhood of a bath, where cooked
victuals and delicacies were sold; Caupona, properly a
wine-bouse; a tavern on the road; Tiberna, a drinking-
booth, where, however, a pefSoQ might likewise tind meals
aod lodging. '
817. Populus. 819. P0886.
817. POPULUS, .PLEBS, VULGUS; POPULARI, VASTARE, VEX-
ARE. the whole people of a city, a capital with
its a whole country, as state, tbat is, political so-
ciety, 489, in contradistinction to their magistrates (prineeps,
senatus); aod as commons, the aggregate of tbe citizens, in
contradistinction to the commonalty (plehs): Po pulum
Campanum in tlcstram, Patres Conscripti, populique Ro
mani ditionem dedimus. Liv. P 1 e hs, ancient P le h e s, Gen.
plehei, lhe common people, opp. populus and patricii, 765 ;
also, the rabble, in the seose of contempt: Tribunum non
populi, sed plehis magistratum ease. Liv. Vulgus, the
large, rude multitude, in contradistinction to the educated and
Dobly boro: Sapientis judieium a judicio vulgi discrepat.
Cie. - Pipulari, devastating a place, fields, e. g. agros;
Vas t a re, laying waste, making it unfit for man to dwell
tbere: Omnia ferro ignique vastantur. Liv. Ve:tare,
jlJ.treatiog, oausing injury and misery: Populatam, vez
at am que provineiam. Cic. se. a Verre.
818. PORTA, JANUA, FORES, VALVlE, OSTIUM, LIMEN;
JANITbR, OSTIARIUS. Por t a, the gale, the entrance or gate
to a eity, cafllP: Ante portas esl hellum. Liv. Jiinua,
entrance to tbe hou;e, house door; F j ri s, the door which
turns on hinges, and opens toward within, e. g. cubiculi;
plural Fores, a folding door, e. g. porlarum: Forea in
liminibus profanarum adum jan u a nominantur. Cic. Val
va, a door consisting of two parts, which could be placed one
over the otber: Bifores val va. Ovid. O s t i u m (for ositi
U1I&, from os), the opening, mouth, e. g. flu7!'inis; the door,
as opening of .an inner room: Aperto o s t i o dormire. Cic.
Limen, the threshold, also the door, the entrance: &tra
ostium limenque eareers. Cic. - J iinitor, door.keeper,
who was chained by his legs to the door: Heus I eequis hic
est j anitor 1 Aperite. Plaut. Ostiarius, the servant who
opened the door, waiting at the door.
819. POSSE, QUIRE, POLLERE, V ALE RE; POTIUS, SATIUS.
Po 8 s e (infinitive of 1 ean), designates the possibility of efe
fecting something, which possibility is founded in the speaker
himself; Quire, the possibility otrered .to him from without,
if it is not prevented from thence; something that is possible
aecording to circumstances; finding one's self in the position
and situation to do a certain thing: Non q u e o reliqua ,cri
bere, tanta vis laerymarum esto Cic. Maritmtl8 hostis
adesse potest, quam quisquam venturum eue 8U8pCqri
30

820. Potutas. 821. PrfBceps.
queat. Id. Pollre, bei. able to do much, effect a great
deal, of 8uperiority, of power and means compaad to othera:
Plus pollet potiorque est patre. Cic. V d l e ~ 129, des
ignates the existence of lbe full measure of strenglh for feel.
ing well, or in order iO effect something: Nos hic "alemus
recte. Cic., feeling well. Pecunia, armis, gratia po II e r e,
being superior to otbers; Quamvia ingenio non val e t, arte
"alet. Ovid., proving efficient.-Po tius, mlher, better., des-
ignates choice; Satius, better, more satisfactory, designates
.tisfaction, used only aS adjective: Depugna po ti u, 'luam
"",ias. Ce. Mori salius foit, 'luam ejusmodi necuntu-
tliai obtemperare. Id.
820. POTESTAS, POTENTIA; MAGISTRATUS; IMPERlUlII,
DITIO. R.o.testas (polia), power for,over something, as a
'"ldective 'luality, according lo wbich we bave the eapaeity
ud rigbt to act: Petia a me, 'luod in tua PQtestate esto
Cie., i. e. 'luod potes. Inlerrogandi libi potestatem fa.
ciam.Jd. Potentia (potena), power, as state and eircum.
stance, the capacity of effecting something: Plebis apes im
minutfB, paucorum po ten ti a crevit. Sall. - Po t e s l a s, the
power (autbority) tbrougb wbich a person is autoorized to do
certain acts; bence, the power of tbe slate, a power of the
state wbich exerciseslegally certain rights, e. g. patria; tri
bunicia; M a gis t r a t u s, 535, a public office, tbe aggregate
of lawful performances, duties and privileges of an offieer:
Magistratum pelere, capere, gerere. Cic.-Potesta&,
tbe power with which a magistmte is invested ; Imperium,
635, the power which a commander-in-chief exercises as
sueh: Erit conaul Hortensius CUm summo imperio et po-
test al e. Cic. The consuls, diotators, and prretors had both;
tbe fBdiles, qUfB8tores, tribuni plebia, had only potestas. Di.
tio (more correotly Dicio, from dicere, command, like
legio), tbe ter:itory subject to the same nutbority. (as tbe
. Gernlnns use ID the same sense tbe word Gebitt, from
gebieten, to command), the power and autbority of a master
over others under him; tbe territorial extent of the authority
of a court: Sub populi alicujus ditione alque imperio
esse. Creso
821. PRlECEPS, DECLIVlS, DEVEXUS, PRERUPTUS, ABRtfP.
TUS, ABSClSUS (ABSCISSUS). PrfBceps (see 326), heatl.
foremost, dashing down, precipitating:.. se prcecipitem da
re. Hor.; and where one may be precipitated from, steep:
Viam p r ce c i pi t e m el lubricam pla1lfB et stabili praponere.
822. Pracipuus. 823. Pradictio. 355
Cie. Declivis, sloping: In declivi ac pracipiti loco
incitatos eqUDII sustinere. Creso Dev ea:us (see 244), sloping,
with less inclinntion, perhaps, dowl1ward, eoming down: Am-
nB devea:us ab lndis. Virgo A steepsurfaee isdesignated
by Praruptus, if there are rough protuberan.ces nnd eleva-
tionson it: DijJicilis et praruptus descensus. Creso Ah-
ruptus, properly, toro off, more perpendicular: Locus, jam
ante praceps, lapsu terra in pedum M altitudinem abrup-
tus erat. Liv. Absctsus, properly, cut off; flhe surfaee
is almost as if produced by a cut: Petra in altitudinem emi-
net, undique abscisa et abrupta. Curto (Abscissus,
violently severed, toro off, with a maiming, Iacerating instru-
ment, e. g. caput.)
822. PRECIPUUS, PRINCEPS, PRIMARIUS; PRlECIPUE, PR.18-
SERTIM, INPRIM1S, CUMPRIMIS, ApPRIME, CUM MAXIMB.
Prrecipuus, that which we have in ndvance of others, ex-
cellent: Propriam fortunam et prrecipuam postulare,
commu1lem recusare. Cie. P ri n ce ps (pri - capere) , he
who occupies a forward place, or makes the beginningin a
thing, espeeially as to rank: Principibus placuisse viris
non ultima laua esto Hor. Ea:ordium princeps omnllm
esse debet. Cie. Primarius, belonging to the kind or
species of Ihe first, of the first rank and dignity: Plotiua sena-
tor, vir l'rimarius. Cie.-Prrecipue, partieularIy, sep-
arately from and before others: Nihil sibi appetit prad-
pue. Cic. Pra;sertim, especially, distinguishes mo",
accurately, and heightens the effect: Non me sapientiafama
delectat, falsa prresertim. Cie. Impri71lis, Cumpri-
.is, among the first, with the first, ehiefiy, in preference of
all others: Omnes hoc cupimus, ego in primis. Cie. HmllO
domi sUtZ cum primis locuples. Id. Cum maa:ime, as
much as il possibly can be: Cum maa:ime volo te dare
operam ut flato Cie.
823. PBlEDICTIO, VATICINATIO, VATICINIUM, OBACULUM, RE-
SPONSUM. Pradictio, prediction; Vaticinatio, proph-
esying, as action: Habet fldem nostra pradictio. Ce.
V ati cinati ones Sibyllina. Id. Vaticinium, the proph-
ecy according lo its contents: Plena "ita est his vaticiniis.
PIin. O r a c ti 1 u m, something spoken by the gods, is called
Responsum, when the oraele was given by the priests as
answer to the person who asked the advice, permission, &C.
ofthe gods (consulentibus): &ilatum racula Phrebi mit-
timus. Virgo Testimonia divina, ut oracula, ut respo1l8a
aacerdotum, haruspicu1n. Cc.
856 8i4. PrlBditus. 827. PrtBjudicium.
824. PIlEDITUS, INSTRUCTUS, ORNATUS. PrtZdituI,
gifted, by nature or good fortune, e. g. opilnu, 'firtute, auda-
cia, auctoritate, blStructus, furnished with
something for use, and generally for any objeet: doctrinil,
a pl,ilosophia, a jure civili; instructus ad clBdem. Cie.
Ornatus (see 389, 751), provided with things whieh serve
for greater beauty, dignity, or perfeetion: Domicilia ornata
rignis atque picturis, instructaque relnu iis omnilnu, qu-
6us abundant ii, qu- beati put_antur. Cie.
825. PREESSE, PRESIDERE; PRE.FICERE, PREPONERE;
PREFECTUS, PRETOR, LEGATUS. PrlBe&s'e, being the head
of an institution, with superintendence; PrlBsidere, with
judicial authority and protecting superintendence: Quum Ave
qulBStioni judell: prlBesses. Cic., as prmtor, who superin-
tended the trial; Vobis armatis et huic judicio prlB8iden-
ti bus hmc tanta "irtus ex hac urbe expelletur'! Id. Centu-
rions and soldiers, who have placed themselves around the
eourt, shall prove their authority.- Prreficere, appointing
as superior, superintendent, commandel", designates the aetiv-
ity; Prreponere, the rank of the place for whieh a person
is appointed: Sacerdos prreposita oraculo. Cie. Deme-
trius sepulcrorum procurationi certum magistratum prtZfe-
cerat. Id. Prrefectus, a superior, in general: moribus
or morum; rerarii, classis, equitum. P r re t o r, was origin-
alIy he -name of the consul; from the year A. U. O.,
the chief judge or justice; with the Greeks, the Romans called
the prretor: P r re t o r Atheniensium et Diol1:ppuI,
prrefectus cohortis auxiliorum. Liv. Legat.8, 623, a
public ambassador,deputy; the highest assistant and tepre..
sentative of a commander-in-chief or governor of a pro.,ioce;
a general seeond in command: Pompeius Hispaniam provin.
ciam per le g a t o s administravit. Cie.
826. PREFERRE, PRlEPONERE. Prmferre, carrying be-
fore ODe, preferring, used of the selection aceording to rea-
sons; Prreponere, of the actual exeeution, 825. Se prtZ-
ferre aliis propter abundantiam fortunre. Ce. Sulpicius
salutem rei publicre vitre sure prreposuit. Id.
827. PlllEJUDIClUltl, OPINIO PREJUDICATA. PrlBjudci-
um, a preliminary opinion, one we have made up preeeding
another yet to be formed more aeeuralely, impression: De
Verre non prrejudicium, sed plane judicium jam factum
videtur. Ce. Opinio prrejudicata, havinga prejudieed
opinion of a tbing before plOper inquiry into it, a prejudice :
828. PrfUepe. 832. PrisCU8.
357
Tantum opinio prajudieata poterat, ut etiam aine ra-
tione I'aleret auetoNtas. Cie.
828. PRESEPE, STABULOM. Prasepe, Prasepes, a
Cold, pen, a place feneed in, to keep eaule within: Past re.
petent prasepia taur. Virg., espeeial!y the manger, rack.
Stabulum, a place where cattle stand, whether it be eov.
ered and shut up or not: Ardua teeta petit & t a b u l. Virg.,
oC the hut of the shepherd.
829. PRETER, TRANS. Prater, past, ofa motion by or
past the front si de of a thing and away from it; and Tr ana,
783, over, from a point this side over a thing, to a point on
the other side, in eompounds: Praterire terrom, passiDg
a eountry, leavillg it to the side; transire, passing through
it, beyond its frontier on the other side. Rem silentio pra
t erir e, leaving it aside, not mentioning it, negleeting it;
transire; passing over in silenee, passing over, in order to
arrive at something else. Tempus prateriit, the time is
past as to tit opportunity 8S wel! os to its existenee; tran ..
ii t, it is past, as to ilS duration, beyond which we are now;
benee, transire modum, going beyond the measure, nol
praterire..
830. PRETERMITTERE, OMITTERE, RELINQUERE. Pra
termittere, leaving asid e, with eonsciousness neglecting,
e. g. oeeasionem; Omittere (allowing something to pass
crbove), giving up, eonsidering not any further, e. g. tristitiam:
Libo disel'ssil a Brundisio, obsessionemque omisit. Creso
Omitto; quid ille tribunus fecerit. Cie., not mentioning.
Relinquere, 641, Cades relinquo. Cie., not mentioning,
.. tbe acnse of let.ting them alone.
o 831. PRIMORES, PROCERES, OPTIMATES. Primores, the
first, who among the highest or foremost oceupy the lirst
place; the noblest, most distinguished, and most esteemed or
honored: Brutus Patrum numerum, primoribu& equestris
gradus leetis, explevit. Liv. Proeeres (procus) , the no
bIes, who, by their rank, oceupy places aboye olhers, top
aboye them: Proeeres Latinorum, enm quilms Senil" ru:
hospitiajunzerat. Liv. Optimates, the patriotsj in Rome,
those of the party for the senate: Qui ita se gerehant, xl sua
eonsilia optimo euique probarent, optimates habeba,itur.
Cie.
832. PRISCOS, PRIST1NOS, ANTIQUOS, VETUS, VETUSTUS.
Priseus (pris, see Pridem, 360), belonging lo the earz'
age: Credendum est veteribus et priscis, ut aiunt, viria.
358 . 833. Pril1atus. 834. Prius.
'lui se progeniem deorum esse dicebant. Cie. Prisa"us,
former, that whieh existed earlier than that whieh oow exists:
Fac ut tuam pristinam dignitatem consequare. Cie. An-
ti q u us, old, belonging and .conformable to a period preeeding
tbe present one: 7res epstolas tuas aecepi. Itaque a" t i-
quissimal cuique primum respondebo. Cie., every ooe, DC-
cording to its arrival before the tlUeeeeding one. Gil1itates
in antiquam imperii formulam redigere. Liv.,oot pristi-
tIIUIl, whieh exeludes qua lit y and only relates to time. Gotus,
antiquissima familia natus. Cres.,not prisca, which
would exelude eontinuanee to,the present day. Vtus (altas),
old, respeeting the length of time, existing long sinee, e. g.
vinum: Ve t u s e$l maceria, lateres si v e ter e s ruunt. Plaut.
Senatores veteres et moris antiqui memores. Liv. Ve-
'ust us, that whieh, despite of its long duration, stiU eontinues
to exist, e. g. templum; Hospitium v e t u s, founded long sinee ;
vettutum, existing long sinee, and maintained, supported,
preserved.
833. PRIVATUS, PEeULlARIS, PROPRIUS, Buus. Privatus,
coofined to a single individual, belonging to it, distinguishes
tbat whieh beIongs 10 the individual from public things: Pe-
culiaris, peculiar, distinguished in its kind, selected and
separated rrom the common; Proprius, own, exelusively
belonging to a person, separate from what may be possessed
in eommon with others; Suus, his, that whieh is his, that
whieh is due and belongs to an individual of right, distinguishes
from others or individuals that have nothing to do with it:
Privatus illis census erat brevis, com,nune magnum. Hor.
Servum dedit gnato suo peculiarem. PIaut .. &oritllli'"
peculi are edictum repentinum. Cic., quite a particular, relat-
ing to this subjeet alone. Redeas ad consuetudinem tuam
solius ac propriam. Id. Praldia Gapitoni propria tra-
duntur, qUal hodie possidet. Id. In suam rem aliena con-
vertere. Id. Sua cuique virtuti laus propria debe-
tur. Id.
834. PRIUS, POTlUS, ANTIQUlUS; CITIUB,OOIUB. Prius,
prior, according to time and rank; PoHus, preferable, with
regard to choice: Nihil prius, nee potius, visum esto Liv.
Antiquius, that which in my opinion is preferabIe 10 all
othere, lies nearest to my heart, more urgent: Nihil ei a n-
tiquius amisitia nostra fuit. Cie.-Prius, ere, sooner,
previous: PritlS tua opinione adero. Plaut. Gitius,
, quieker, according to willingness and exertion: Vicinwn d-
ea. Pro. 836. PrQbfl1'6. 859
tiUI I1.djuvel'i8, quam fratrem. Cio. Oeitu, soon, with the
least possible delay: SeriUl eius. Hor., later or earlier.
Oeius omnes surgimus. Ovid., quickly, speedily.
835. PRO, Loco, VIC" NUMERO, NOMINE j PRO, in com-
pounds. For instead stands Pro, 85, referring to a relation ;
Lo c o, 647, in the place of, refera to representation, taking
the place of something elll8; Vice, to exchange, when one
thing is substituted for another; Numero, under the number,
refers to rank, relative place; Nomine, under thc name,
title, cxchange of denomination: Liberom appellare pro
vino. Cic., intentional; loco, by mistake. Pro prtnnio
accipere, to view it as reward; in pramii lo c o, as real re-
'ward. Esse pro cive, being considered; pro hoste habere,
considering as an enemy, and treating as such; patrill.loeo
habere, having in the place of a father. Stipulis ligni vice
uti, using instead 'of wood, letting it take the place of wood ;
more common in vi c e m, e. g. Defatigatis in v ice m inte-
gri succedunt. Creso Tibi parentis lo c o fuit, he took the
place of your father j parentis numero, he stood with you
in the rank of a father; thus, In llOstium numero habere,
in hostium numero, loeoque ducere. Cic. Omnia, qua
mulierisfuerunt, virifiunt dotis nomine. Id., as dowry.-
Pro, in compounds, see 85, fore (as in forefatber): Prod-
vus (fore-grandfather, i. e.) greal-grandfalber, his father and
grandfather Abvus, and his father Atdvus.-Instead of,
of the representative oC an officer, what we expresa by acting:
p,-pmagister socie/atia, the vice-director of a society of
Carmera general. Pro consules, Propralores, ProquCEsto-
res, were the respective magistrates, when, afier their one
. year's official term as consul. &c., they beca me governora of
provinces; but pro consule, pro pratore, is used when the
preposition is connected with the predicate, and has an e m ~
pbatic meaning: Nec legionem procon,ul ejUl anni P.
Dolabella retinere aUlus eral. Tac. L. Volumnium pro
consule ducem consulibU8 adjiciunt. Liv.
836. PROBARE, AOPROBARE. COI\IPROIilARE; PaOBATUS,
SPECTATUB. Probare, making a tbing proof, 80 that it
gives satisfaotion, proving, and declaring a thing to be Buch,
approving oC: Libros me08 tibi probabo. Cic. u d i ~
pro b a b o, Verrem contra l.eges pecuniam cepiue. Id. Cen-
80res villam publicam probaverunt. Id., declariog free of
blame. Video meliora proboque. Ovid. Adprobare,
makiog something \Vorthy of appl'Oval witb othera, making
360
837. Proclivis. 840. PrOflUl.
another satisfied witb it: oJIicium SUllm aliclli. Cie., and payo
ing oop.'s approval to sometbing: Approbata laudataque
Cotla sfmlentia. Id. Comprobare, giving entire approba.
tion, used of several, and eonfirming flOmetbing by one'e ap.
probation: Omnium assensu comprobata, est oratio. liT.
Honorem meum sententia tua comprobabis. Cic.-Pro
batus, tbat whieb has stood tbe proofand received approba.
tion, of proved value; Sp e c t a tus, accurately viewed, exam
ined, without tbe idea of approving opinion: Ceterarum
laomines artium spectati et probati. crIC.
837. PROCLIVIS, PROPENSUS, PRONUS. Procli"il,lea-
ing forward and down; descending, of tbe walker
821, refers to tbe mountain itself). Dktu est proclive.
Cic., easy. Tropical,proclivis, favorable, natural inclifUl'
tion, susceptibility for sometbing; Propensus, properly,
hanging forward, used of a stronger degree of inclination,
disposition of tbe faculty of desiring, of the appetite; Pro.
RUS, 840, tbe decided, still stronger inclination and disposition
{or something: [Tt aliquis natura ad aliquem. morbum pro-
clivior, sic animus aUus ad alia vitia propenlior. Cie.
In obllequiumplus aquopronuI. Hor.
838. PIl<ELIUI\I, PUGNA, AClES, CERTA.MEN, DIMICA.TIO.
Prmlium, engagement, battle, designates tbe figbting of the
many, the animated battle, to and fro; Pugna, Ihe fight of
two armies, considered as the two great bodies; A cies, 19,
tbe order of battle, inasmucb as botb tbe armies are drawn
up; Certamen, 62, as contest, struggle for victory; Dimi
catio, 355, as contest, tbe end of whicb is yet undeeided.
Prmlium committere, conserere. Liv. In pralium ruunl,
priusque pugna empil, quam lignum ab ducibus daretur. Id.
Triplici inslructa a e i e. Creso Consul cum Hanflibale a e i e
conftixit. Obscura ejus pugna fama esto Liv. Fit pra-
lium acri certamine. OI jam in aciem dimi
cationemque delcendamus. Cic.
839. PROGENlES, PROLES, SUBOLES. Progeniel, the
ruce or bouse, as the series of descendants from one founder
and forefather: Memoriter progeniem ab avo atque atavo
proferens. Ter. P r (} 1 e S (tbe sprout: oliva), as braneh,
successors: Brutorum. Sall. Pro 1 e I illa Juturorum lunai-
numo Cic. Siboles, more correctly tban Sobole6 (a sprout
from the root: S"boles ex imo stirpe nata. Colum.), as in
crease: Expulsa omnl s u bol e s jUl1entutis. Cic.
840. PR01(US, SUPINUS, CEIlNUUS. Pronru, leanng
841. Propago. 845. 861
Corwllrrl to fall, inclined 10 sink: Imponere equo puerum pro-
Rum in ventrem. Varr.; theeontrary is Sp.inuB, bent
baekward, or Iying so: Ebrius cubat in faciem, moz
Juvenal. CernuuB, turned with the faee toward
the ground: Equus incumbit cernuuB armo. Virgo
8:'!I. PROPAGO, MALLEOLUS, VIVIRADIX, TALEA, STOLO.
Pro p ii g o, properly, the propagator; a shoot oC a vine, any
layer; M a lleo lus, a sprig without roOls, used for planting;
Vi"iradiz, a seedling with roots TaIea, a little sprig
from a braneh, used for pIanting; St o lo, a sueker, a scion,
tom ofi' with the radical fibres, and used for pIanting.
842. PROPE, PROPEMODUM, PENE, FERE, FERME, TAN-
TUM NON. Prope, near, nearly, and Propemodum, near-
Iy wholly, designa tes an approaeh to eompIetion; Pe n e, al-
most, to Ihe eompIeteness of a state; Fere (ferre), about,
generally, aImost, pretty nearIy, to the full meaning ofan
expression, if the same is not taken quite aeeurateIy; Ferff'e,
generalizes this meaning; Tantum non, I will not 88y 80
mueh, that is, almost: Prope annos XC natus. Cie. Quifl
est sors1 Idem propemodum, quod micare. Id. FIume1&
pene totum oppidum cingit. Creso In oratore verba prope
poetarum, gestus pene summorum actorum est requirendus.
Cie. Eode'm fere tempore. Creso Vulgus quid ahsit a per-
fecto, non fe r e intelligit. Cie.. Had fe r e quisquam in-
teritum talem e./fugit. Id. .Ab e:cternis ferme bellis otiWll
fuit. Liv., pretty generally. Tantum non jam capta La-
dQ!mon esto Liv.
843. PRORSUS, OMNINO, PENITUS. Prorsu,. Pror-
.um, forward, straight forward, throughout: ProrBum ob-
Utus sum mei. Ter. Omnino, in every thing, so that nothing
is wanting, entireIy in general, through and through: !.abo-
ribus aut o m n i n o, aut magna e:c parte. eram liberatus. Ce.
Penitus, to the innermost, from within and without, out and
out: Res p e n i t u s perBpectQ! planeque cognitQ!. Ce.
844. PROTURBARE, PROPELLERE, PROTRUDERE. Pro t.,..
bare, 255, driving away before one, with impetu08ity and
disorder Propellere, pushing and beating Protrudere,
by pushing and forcibly pressing the hesitating: Tel missi-
libusque suril! pro turbare hOBtes. Liv. Propellere 7IIl-
vem remiso Cie. Protrudere cylindrum aliquem foras.
Phredr.
845. PROVERBIUM, ADAGIUM. Proverbium, a proverb,
as a maxim well proved by experience in the mouth oC every-
31
846. ProvoCllre. 849. PZCh6r.'
body; .A d agium, 8S a rule of Iife, or containing a useful
principie: TrilumSef'm01Ie proverbium. Cic. Vetll8 ada-
~ i u , est, Nihil cum.fidibus graculo. Gel!.
846. ,PROVOCARE, Apf:LLARE. Prov ; care, calling f<ft'tb,
making application, lhat a case beadjudged before a higher
eourt, with reference to the opponent, who is called before a
superior court: Lu est, ut de "i et de majestate damnati ,fUI
populvm pro" o c e 11 t. Cic. .A p pe II a re, asking protecti.e
Bid from a superior person, witb reference to, tbe judge
who was appealed to, tbat is, petitioned for help or revision
of judgment: Tribuno. plebis appello et provoco trtl
populum. Liv.
847. PRUDENS, SAPIENS, CORDATUS. Prudens, prudent,
iotelligent, and consequently acting with circumspection and
considerately: Vir natura peracutus et prude1ls. Cie. Vir
trtl usum ac disciplina m belli peritus, ad consilia prudu18.
Id. Juris prude1ls, the theoretie lawyer; juris perit,,,,
367, the practical, well-practised Iawyer. Sapien. (prop-
erly, he who has laste, sense), wise, he who has discovered
the reasons of trutb aud moral actions, aod therefore subor-
dinates the dictates of prudence lo the higher objects of roo-
rality: Sapientis est proprium, n'iMl, quod pamitere po'-
sit, facere, nihil invitum. Cc. Sapiens, is the practicaI
sage; Philosophus, the speculative tbinker. Cordat ,
sensible, honest, man of probity, both of worldly prudence and
morality: Egregie cordatus /Lomo. Enn. '
848. PUBLICARE, VULGARE, DIVULGARE; PROSCRIBERE.
Publicare, communicating something lo the public (the
eommunity), for its use or benefit: De A'ventino publican-
do lata lex esto Liv. Publicare librum. Plin. Vulgare,
bringing somelhing among tbe eommon people, making it
common to all: Cerens ritus profanis. Ovid. Valgat.r
rumor. Liv. Divulgare, diffusing inlo all direclions.-
P a b 1 i c a r e, making a thing slate property, confiscating:
Sunt mulli agri lege Comelia publicati. Cie. Prollcri-
ber8, making known by public handbill, placard, especialIy
tilat the goods of a person condemned to confiscation are to
be sold publicly: Mancipium vfJ1lale proscribere. Cie.
849. PULCHER, FORMOSUS, VENUSTUS, SPEC'IOSUS, BEL-
LUS; VENUSTAS, DIGNITAS. Pulc"er, beautiful, exciting
pleasure to admiration by its perfectionl! and advantages: ar-
gentum, domus, ",astis, dies; Farmasas, 448, well-formed,
~ y its external form and formation, especially causing pleasure
...
850. Plus. 852, Pyra.
363
by ita soft transitions and regular proportions of undulating
lines; henee, not formosa aratio, vestis: Formosus homo,
an deformis. Cie. Nihil est virtute formosius, nihil pul-
ehrius. Id. Ven1Utus, pleasurable in a high degree, full
of eharm, of attrueting beauty, also in works of art: Fuit in.
Sulpicio gestus et motus carporis ita venustus. Cie. Ado-
lescentula vullu modesto el venusto. Ter. Speciosus, 88
extremely beautiful, striking the eyes, looking; it designates
a higher degree of beauty than formoSU8: Se 'quoque del
populo mulier speciosa videndam. Ovid. Dietu speci-
osa. Liv. Be..llus, fine, handsome, of the agreeableness
which borders closely on the beautiful (pulcllr1J,m): Vasa
figura bella. Varr. Puella bellissima. Cie.- Venus-
tas, eharming beauty, attractive by graee, espeeially in tha
features and movementa of female beauty: Ex Venere ve-
nustas dicta esto Ce. Dignitas, dignified beauty, whieh
lends appearanee to a thing, proper to its eharacter and tbat
pleases, espeeially the beauty of man: Pulchritudinis
duo 8Unt genera: ven u s t a t e m muliebrem ducere debemvs,
dignitatem virilem. Cie.
850. PULS, POLENTA. Puls, a thiek pap, which in early
times took the place of bread (as we find to tbis day with
many Indian tribes of North Ameriea): Pulte, non pane,
vi:cisse longo tempore Romanos manifestum. Plin. Po len t a,
a disb made of roasted barley, pounded and then moistened,
with the Greeks (entirely different from what is nowealled
polenta in Italy).
851. PURPURA, MUREX, OSTRUM. Purpura, the purpla
snail, with rounded opening and an elongated beak; Mrez,
with wider opening, and without elongated mouth, near Tyre ;
Osirum, the juice or blood of these animals; generally usad
of the purple dye and substanees dyed therein: Affers pur-
puram Syriam. Cie. Murice tineta lana. Hor. Ostro
perfUSrB vestes. Virgo
852. PYRA, ROGus, BUSTUM. Pyra, apile of wood put
together to be lighted, a funeral pile, pyre, poetieal; in prose,
Ro g u s: Inscendere in ro g u m ardentem. Cic. B u s t u na
(urere) , the place where the dead body was bumed and
buried: Bustorum Gallicorum nomine insignem locumfe-
cereo Liv: If the dead body was buried in another place, tba
Ipot ofcombustion was called Ustrina. Fast.
853. Quando. 854. Quercus.
853. QUANDO, QUUM; QUANDOQUE, QUANDOCUNQUE.
Quando, when once, desighates an indefinite point of time
in the past or future, and is u ~ e interrogatively, indejinite,
and relative as a particle indicative of time as well as'cause:
Qu a n d o me ista eogitasse arbitramini '1 Cic. Num q u a n-
. do vides aliquem de Catone gloriari '1 Id.', perhaps, perhaps
upon a time. Non itelligitltr, q u a n d o obrepat Beneetus.
Id., when. Quando non potest .fieri, quod vis, id veli8,
quod possit. Ter., i. e. sinee, as cause originating from casual
circumstances. Quum, ancient Quom, when, designates
with its predicate a real faet as secondary circumstance of a
definite time, which may be simple (when, at the time that),
or repeated (so ofien as), and is only used relative as indica-
tion of the time of another occurrenee, or as causa ti ve part-
ele for then: Zenonem, q u u m Athenis e s s e m, audiebam
jrequenter. Cie. Verresquum rosam viderat, tunc in-
eipere ver arbitrabatur. Id., as ofien as. Quid verba audiam,
quumfacta videam'l Id., sinee. - Quandoque, stands in
distributive sense relative for whenever, I1nd indefinite for eae"
time whellelJ('.r; Quandocunque, is used in a generalizing
sense, relative for whcnever, may that be at any time, and in-
definite, sometime, whenever, be this whenever it may; in
Quan doque, we leave to .the aecident, to casual oceurrence,
eaeh imagined point of time separate; in Quandoeunque,
al! points of time are taken together, and we leave to casualty
the selection of one ofthese: Indignor, quandoque bonus
dormitat Homerus. Hor. Ego ibi eommorabor, quoad il18
quandoque venial. Cie., whenever, sorne time or other.
Hostibus, quandoeunque 8e moverint, ab tergo erimw.
Liv.
854. QUERCUS, ILEx, ESCULUS, ROBUR. Q14ercfu, tbe
eommon European forest oak, with the largest acorns: glan-
dijera. Cic. llex, evergreen, with oval, edible acorns, and
oval leaves: C'ica corona fit e fronde querna, quoniam
cibu8 vietusque antiquissimus q u e r n u , eapi solitus sit:
etiam ex i 1 i r, e, quod genus superiori. proximu.m esto Gen .
..Eseulus, the winteroak, prospering in the mountains, witb
aeorns with short pedicles, and broad leaves with long pedi-
eles i IlCcording to others, the oak with narrower lea ves aod
855. Questus. 856. Qui.
sweet acorns attacbed c10se to tbe brancb: Cvica iligna pri-
mo fuit, postea magis_placuit ex aJsculo Jovi 8acra. Plin.
Robur, the stone-oak, with small acoros and very firm
wood, indestructible io water: Innata rupibus altB robora.
Ovid.
855. QUESTUS (QUERELA, QUEREDIONIA), LAMENTUlII,
PLANGOR, P',ANCTUS, GEMITUS. QuestuB, complaint, ex-
pression of dissatisfaction and suffering, stating grievance at
pain, external pressure and oppressioo, injustice, and tbe lika,
as state of things: Q,i que8tu8, qui maJ1'or dignus inveniri
, calamilate tanta potest 1 Cie. (Quer ela, complaint, ac-
cording to its external condition, inasmuch as words, tone, and
expression have a peculiar character in proffering it: Cycni
quum tollant lug:ubri t'oce q u e r e 1 a m. _Lucret. Quid in tuis
literB fuit . praJter q u e r e 1 a m temporum 1 Cic. Q u e d-
mana, the complaint of itself (in abstracto), as utteraoce of
words of a certain meaning: Versibus impariter junctiB que-
rimonia primum inclusa esto Hor. MultaJ querimonitZ.
ultra citroque jactataJ. Liv.) Liimentum, expression of
painful sensations and afHiction by sOl!nds of complaint and
words; it is the expression considered of ilself; the oot of
lamenting, Liimentatio, Iamentation: Solon 8e negat tlelle
suam mortem . dolore amicorum el 1 a m e n t i 8 vacare. Cic.
Plango1', 804, the beating of the breast and other parts, as
sign of afHiction, inasmuch as it is somelhing perceived by
olhers through hearing; P 1 a n c t u s, the same, as continued
slate of tbe afHicted: Plangore et lamentatione imple-
vimus forum. Cic. Iterasti pectore planctus. Stat. Gi-
m z t u s, sighing, the natural vent of a heart oppressed by pain,
secret grief: Quid faciam infelix 1 G e m i t u 8 dolor edere
cogit. Ovid.
856. QUI, QUIS; QUIDAlIf, QUISQUAI\I, QUISPIAlII, ALI-
QUlS; QUlLIBET, QUIVIS, QUICUNQUE, QUISQUE, UNUSQUIS-
QUE, QUISQUIS. Qui, qUaJ, quod, who, which, designates
one undetermined subject of the number of a kind, or adjec-
tively, indefinite, one, some one; interrogative,. which? and
Telative, who, that; Quis (qUQJ), quid, who, designates one
indeterminate, in general and without reference to 'the kind,
only indefinite, some one, something, and interrogative, who?
what? QUi8, in tbe Nominative, hence it is genero com-
muni8, and qUaJ is on1y used in this case when the sex is dis-
tinctly to be understood; as likewise the indefinitum, qua, in
the Nom . sin. as feminine, and Nom. Acc. plural, as neutar,
31-
366
857. Qu.
more distinctly at the kind: Si qui rez, ri qua
Juiuet aliquid ejus modio Cie. Acies, quolu ifUtnlc.
tiuima esse potest. Liv. Si quod est admusum jacinu.
Cres. Si qua in membris prava sunt, occwtant kamiftU.
Cic. Danda opera est, ne qua amicorum di8cidiafiant. Id.
Qui canlus dulcior potest? quod carmen optiru'l
Id. Si cui naviganti deus quis dixerit. Id., i. e. one who
is a godo Quis rex unquam {uit, quis populus, qui non
vteretur pradictione divina? id. Quis tu es mulier, qtull
me nuncupasti 1 Varr. Relinquesne amicum? qua isla ami-
citia esl 1-Quidam, a certain (neuter quoddam, a cer-
tain, quiddam, something certain, some certain thing) one
of a certain kind or species, whose characteristic distinctions
as individual are of no importance to the mntter. Without
reference to the kind, is Quisquam, ofle, if he exist any-
wbere, relative and in the negative sense; Quispiam, in a
p08itive sense, one who exists somewhere, opp. nemo, nih;
Aliquis, another thall quis, i. e. one who has more or less
of the distinctions, eonsidered in general un Iy, of a multitude,
sorne one, many a one: Accurit quidam, notus mihi nomi-
lIe tantum. Hor. Estne q u i s q u a m omnium, de quo melius
mstimes tu '1 Cic. Heredilas esl pecunia, qua morle al i-
cujus ad quempiam pervenit jure. Id. Aude aliquid
carcere dignum, si vis esse aliquis. Juvenal., one of con-
sideration. Est aliquis, qu se astimare fastidiat. Liv.,
rnany a one. - Q u i 1 i b e t, ally one you choose, if the choice
is left to mere inclinution; Quiv is, every one you choose,
if the"choice is determined by will; Quicumque, any one.
no matter who, expresses indifference at the choice of the in-
dividual from among its kind; Quisque, each one, refers
to each individual as unit of a multitude; Unusquisque,
746, every single one in ,he whole number, every single one
taken singly; QuisquiB, any one, is used ir no" distinetion
is made between the individuals of the number: Apud majo-.
res nostros adltibebatur perlus, nunc quilibet. Cie. Ves.
trum quivis form"idat malum. Plaut. Spe tu, quicuaque
casua esl futurus, carere non debes. Cie. Sibi quisque
ruri melito Plaut. SigniJeri orbis unaquaque para ala
alio movet immutatque crelum, perinde ut q u a q u e stella i
iis jinil7'misque partibus sunt q u o q 1L e tempore. Cie. O ado-
lescens, salve, qui me servasti, qu-isquis es. Plnut., as
address to utterly unknowl1 persons.
B7. QU1, QUOMODO, QUElIlADMODUM, UT, SleuT,
- 8&8. Quiu. 859. Quin. 367
QVASI, SICUTI, VELUTI. TAIIIQUAIII, CEU. Q. To designate
comparisons absolutely expressed, there are used: Qua (an-
cient Ablative of quis) , a8, taken entirely general, interrogat-
ing; Quomodo, as, compares with the mode of an existing
state the mode of somelhing already formed; Quemadmo-
dum, as, lhe mode of a thing yet to be formed or to be
taken into consideration; Ut, Uti, as, compares eondition in
general; Si cut i, sueh as, the relation of the eondition of a
8tate to that of another already existing, at whieh the speaker
poiots; VeZut, Veluti, as, for example, compares the dif.
rerenee of the eondition, i. e . .the simililude of the present
Cllse with one arbilrarily taken for example's sake from real
existence: Qu jit, ut ego nesciam, sciant omnes 1 Cie. Me
consulem ita fecistis, quomodo pauci facti sunt. Id.
Quemadmodum sunt in se ipsos animati, eodem modo sunt
erga amicos. Id. Ut res gesta est, narrabo ordine. Ter. MI:
sieut alterum parentem diZigit. Cie. BestitB aquatiZes, qUtB
gignuntur in terra, v el u t i crocodili. Id. - b. For eompar-
isons expressed condilionally, nre used: Qutisi (quam-si, as
if, i. e. ahout), about as, as if, compares a state of things with
another, aeeording lo a merely seeming similitude; Si cut,
as, like, refera to a faet; Ve l i. ti, similar to, such as, gives 1111
instanee; Tamquam, as mueh, as well as, aeeording to de-
gree, by pointillg at an equal effeet in somelhing similar;
Ceu, as, /lS if, compares similar things in general, but it is
used ooly with poels and laler writers: Quasi decem foci.
Cie., nboul. Fuit olim, quasi ego sum, sene.x. Plaut. 711,
quasi concessum sit, ita deliberas. Cie., as if. Gloria vir-
tutem tamquam umbrasequitur. Cie. Tamquam deregno
dimicaretur, ita eoncurrerunt. Liv. Situs pieetB in e:ceel8o
montium, e e u maria fugeret. Plin.
858. QUIES, REQUIES; QUIETUI, TRANQUlLLUS. Quies,
the rest before labor, rest of itself; Bequies, rest as recrea-
tion, with referenee to previous exertion: Mors laborum ac
miseriarum quies esto Cie. .Animus defatigatus nune re
quietem qutBrit e:c magnis occupationibus. Id.- Quietus,
quiet, ealm, being at rest, in contrad\stinetion to exertion;
Tranquillus, slill, tranquil, without violent motion: Otiosa
tetas et q u i e t a sine ullo labore el contentione. Cie. Gentu
agitare quietas. Virgo Maria tranquillitas. Cie.
Tranquillus ad quietem locus. Id.
859. QUIN, (UI - UT - CUK NON f Qu in, who not
(qui-ne), and, that oot (qui -ne), anoihilateaagain the etrect
36S
860. Quippe. 863. Quot1l8.
oC an antecedent negative sentenee upon the foIlowing suOOr-
dinate; the same effect has Qui non, ",ho not,only with
&tronger negation, and U t non, that not, indieatiog ao efl"ect
or consequenee: In condone adest nemo, quin vitia in di-
cente videat. Cie. Nihil ahllst, quin sim miserrim1l8. Id.
Null1l8 ann1l8 est, quo non acie dimicetur. Liv. Non pot.
isti facere, ut mihi epistolam non mitteres. Cie.-In sen-
teoces whieh do not depend upon others, Quin (qui ne),
expresses ao urgent, impatient desire, with the apprehension
that the addressed person be unfavorably disposed, interroga-
tive and indefinite for why I eh! Quin igitur ezpergisci-
mini'! Sall., bow not? i. e. well, don't youwake? Quid hit;
eonterinlus operam frustra'! quin Meo'! Ter., well, doo't I
go? Pamphilus. Jam hoe opus est (argento). Davus.
Quin jam habeo. Id., why, I bave it already. Cur non '1
302.
860. QUIPPE, UTPOTE. Quippe, of eourse, certainly,
confirms in ceding; U t po t 6 (witb qui and quum), as, since,
explains tbe possibility of an antecedent assertion in giving a
reason: Sol Democrito magnus videtur, quippe homini ene-
dilo. Cic. Pater meus puerulo me, tltpote non amplus 110-
rem annos nato, in Hispaniam profeetus esto Nep.
861. QUOD, QUIA, QUONIAM. Qua d, tbat, beca use, gives,
witb reference lo an expressed or implied demonstrative, the
real cause of an effect, or tbe nearest ground oC a consequence
nrising directly out oC it; Quia, because, gives tbe more re-
mote renson, wbicb causes the consequence; Quoniam
(qUI1'Jn-jam), beeause, a reason taken from circumstances oC
the present time: Non ea res me deterrut, quo minus literas
ad te mitterem, quod tu ad me nu11.os miseras, sed qua ni-
hil, quod scriberem, reperiebam. Cie. Quoniam jam no::
est, in veslra tecla diseedite. Cic.
862. QUOTIDlE, SINGULIS DIEBUS, bol DIES SINGULOS.
Quolidie, daily, wben sometbing is omitted or interrupted
on no day, quotidian; Singulis diebus, 00 every day of
a certain number oC days, each one taken singly; In singu-
los dies, for every l!ingle day, distributed for every day oC
a eermin number: Quo ti die, vel potius in die, singu-
los breviores literas ad te miuo. Cie. Flavius 8inguli8
die bus ediseendos fastOlJ populo proposuit. Id.
863. QUOTUS, QUOTUSQUISQUE. Quat!'s, whieh in num-
ber of rank and order? (in German, der tDe vielste.) Qu o-
tusqui,que, of how maoy one, if you divide a nllmber inlo
864. Radere. 867. Ratio. 869
several equal parta? or, of how maoy one in this whole num-
ber? (in German, der je wie viel,fe1) distributive, i. e. how
few t Hora quola esl1 Hor .. Quotusqui8que disertu
ut 1 Cie. To eaeh man in a eompany the question quotu
would apply; if, after a mutiny, it had been deereed that
eaeh tenth man should ba ax.ecuted, the question quotusqui8.
que would Ilpply.
R.
864. RADERE, SCABERE, RODERE. Rade're, scratching, .
scraping, e. g. genas: Margine in extremo litera rasa. Ovid.
Modo I.ondere (with the pincers) modo radere barbam.
Suet., with the razor. Seabere, shaving (no'tofthe beard),
sbearing, grating: Laminas s e a b e 11 d o purgare. Plin. R a-
dere makes a surface rough; Seabere, smooth. Rodere,
gnawing, grating off, as it wre, with the teeth, something of
a solid body: Gaput scaberet vivos el roderet unguu.
Hor.
865. RAMUS, SURCULUS,. TERMES. Rilmus, tbe larger,
stronger branch; Sureulus, the tender sprig, an engrafting
twig; Termes, the Avulsus e palma termu
cum j1'llel.u. Gel!..
866. RAPINA, PRlEDA, FURTUM, LATROCINIUM. Rapina,
the robbery, as the aet of robbing, and poetieal for that which
is robbed, i. e. goods hastily, violently, and unlawfully taken
from the possessor; P r a d a, booty, the gain of the hunter
and the plundering warrior: Sprm prada el rapinarum
sequi. Cie. Furtum, theft, clandestine removal of foreign
property, and the stolen property, without violenee: Furto
obsides subduxstis. Liv. Gog;, a magistralu jurtum red-
dere. Cie. Lalrnei1lium, highway robbery, robbing in
the open street .or on the highway with violenee: Fines SU08
ah excursionibus hostium el la 1. r o e i n i , s lueri. Cie.
867. RATIO,. MODUS; RATlONli:M HABERE, RESPICERE.
Ratio, 190, properly, the calculation 1 the mtional proce-
dure in an affair, calculal.ed, tbat is, rcasoned aeeording to
suffieient grounds; M o d u s, 450, the proper measure, the
wayand manner of proceeding: Existima, mndo el ralione
omnia Roma Nalium jecissl'J, si hoe recte alque ordine Jac-
tvm "idetur. Cie., where the last sentem;e explaina tbe fint.
370 868. Re. 871. Reddere.
Pictoris r a ti o n e el m o d o, formarum vaMetate locos do
tinguentis. "Id.-Rationem habere, counting over; making
account; hence, having regard, paying attention lo something,
taking it into calculation,e.g.fama Sltal: Haberi ratio-,
"e m oportet hominum, re temporis ne quid jocus de gravitate
decerpat. Cic. Respicere, looking back, retrospeclively;
eonsidering something in the calculation of a thing (precisely
as the Germans have Rcksicht, lite rally translated, back.
sight), taking care of sorne one, e. g. commoda alicujus:
Nisi qui deus nos r e s pe;r; e r i t. Cie. In consilio cupiendo
omnem Glliam respiciamus, quam ad nostrum auxilium
concitavimus. Creso
868. RE, RETRO. Re, back, backward, in .compounds
designates a direction opposite to that of forward, as in pror
sum rursum, forward, backward; in verbs which in them.
selves express a going forward, or indicate this direction, re
indica tes a repetition of the aetion, beeause repetition is the
coming back once more lo the same thing, as in repetere, re
quirere, revert; R t r o, baekward or returning motion or
situation toward a point, from whieh the motion started; hence
we find retro respicere: Pergeret protinus: quid retro
atque a tergo fieret, ne laboraret. Cie., behind, bebind him.
Marcellus retro, unde venerat, Nolam redit. Liv.
869. RECIDlVUS, REDlVIVUS. Recdivus, one that falls
baek, returns, e. g. febris; that which after its fall is rees
tablished, whieh rises out of its own ruins: Recidiva
posuissem Pergama victis; Virgo Redivivus (re:"'vious,
as redhbeo), that whieh, as old and worn out, is used anew,
e. g. old building.materials: Colu7nnam eJftcere ab integro
ftOvam nullo lapide re div iv O. Cie.
870. RECTE, BENE, RITE. Re c te, 694, right, in straight
line: Atomi SUD nutu recte ferentur. Cie., perpendicular,
opp. oblique. Re c t e atque ordine exque re publica facere.
Id. Bene, well, good, to satisfaclon: Benefacis, quod
me adjltvds. Cie. Rite, in proper manner, aceording to oh-
servance, custom, usage: Sacrificio rite perpetrato. Liv.
871.. REDDERE, RESTITUERE. Reddere, retuming what
we have received, giving back: depositf!,m, mututLm; Resti.
tuere, replaeing something in. its former place, reestablishing
something inits former state: Si ades corruerunt, heres re
s t i t u e r e non debet, nee re.ftcere. Cie. Casar hospitem,
ereptum e manibus hostum, sib restitutm videbat. Cms.
!leddere, is merely giving back; restituere, retuming it
ID tbe former statc.
872. Redemptor. -874. Regio. 371
872. REDE)[TOtl, MANCEPS, PUBLICANUS. Redemtor,
the undertaker, in ils primitive sense (Frencb, etttrepeneur),
one wbo undertakes, for a sum stipulated by contract, to raise
a buildiDg, to procure provisions, or aDy thing, a cODtractor:
Redemtor; qui columnam de Torquato conduxeratfacien-
dam. Cie. Manceps, 637, tbe person wbo buys articles,
&c., at auetion, obtaiDs by tbe bigbest biddiDg, the farming
out of things, with a view to make profit upon these tbings:
Gmpil cogilare, si res abiret ab eo mancipe, quem ipse ap-
posuisset, sibi nullam prmdam esse. Cie. Publicanus, a
farmer.general of state revenues j tbey were Roman kDigbts,
who, joined in a societas, partly" as mancipes, partly as eon-
tractors, partIy as prmdes, wbo became guaranlees for tba
former, obtained the farming out of dutes and imposts of a
provinee. There were other members still of tbese societies,
caBed socii, eonneeted witb tbe otbers as partDers for eom-
mon gaiD aDd loss. When any sort of revenue is farmed out,
Ihe farmer pays a fixed sum lo government, for whieb tbe
TeveDue is siglled ovel' to bim. It is still done in some Euro-
pean eountries j nowhere, however, where the finaD ces are
regulated and organized as they ought lo be: Flos equlwn
Romanorum, publicanoru7R. ordo. Cie.
873. REDIRE, REVERTI j REDIENS, REDUX; REDITUS,
PROVENTUS. Redire, going back, to Ihe place froID whieh
we started; Reverti, retuming, from tbe plaee-away toward
whieh we had moved, e. g. _f,x itinere. Gcesar eodem, unde
redierat, revertitur. Creso Ad interregnum res rediit.
Liv., came baek to it. Brutus reditu vel potius rever-
sione mea 10!t6tus esto Cie. Reditus supposes the reaeh-
ing of Ihe objeetj reversio, cbange of intention. Mecum
red i i t in gratiam, reeoneiling; r e ver t i t, ehanging one's
hostile intention or disposition. - Rediena, tbe returning
ODe, eoming back j Redu:r:, the fortunately retumed one,
from a distaDt journey, danger, eaptivity: Video rore rede-
l/, n t e 71&. Ter. Tibi red u c e s socios cl.asaemque relatana
nuntio. Virgo -:- Red i tus, revenue whieb the owner enjoys
(the idea of returning, i. e. from tbe outlay, is likewise ex-
pressed in our rel.'enue); Proventus, produce of landed
properly, &e., thatwhicb c01nesforth: Reditum hominibus-
confice. Cie., obtain fortbem an ineome. Annus proventu
one:rat sulcos. Virgo
874. REGIO, PROVINCIA, PLAGA, TRACTUS. Regio, re-
gion, a country according lo its direct-ion, situation, limita.
.
-,
8'72 875. Rela:ratio. 878 . Reparare.
before tbe eyes of tbe observer: Crepi regiones cirCUfA-
circa prospicere. Cie. Pro t' n ci a, a eountry witbout ltaly
proper, as Roman eonquest :Sicilia prinUJ omnium pro." in-
ca est appellata. Cie. Pldga, the zone, as a band defined
in tbe beavens or on the eartb, as a stripe, e. g. septemtriona-
lis: Creli scrutantur plagas. Cie. Tractus, D. tract, a
spaee extended longitudinally, of indefinite magnitude: Totu
iUe t r a e t u s Venafranus, tota illa aspera et nwntflO8a re-
.
875. RELAXATIO, REMISSIO. Rela:ratio, tbe mllking
loose tbat whieb is fastly tied; Remiuio, the making
yield, or slackening that whieh is drawn tight, e; g. tbe
cord of a bow: Animi rela:ratio, is reereation by leisura;
remiuio animi, is reereation by a eheerful oceupation,
game, &e.
876. RE LIGIO, SUPERSTITIO. Religio, properly tbe
scruple of eonscienee; the awe and fear of tbat wbieb is
saered, boly j religion, externally as well as internally; Cum
pietate simul et sanctitatem et religionem tollere. Su-
perstitio (superstes, that whieb bas remained of olden
times), aneient usage, traditional eustom in saered rites; an-
tiquated belief, aneient superstition: In superstitione _-
est timor inanB deorum, religio deorltm cultu po conti-
netur. Cie.
877. REMUS, REMULCt1S, CONTUSo Remus, tbe oar;
Remulcus, or Remulcum,. a tow.barge, the eontrivance
by whieh one vessel was pulled aloog by other vessels with
Navem remlllco.quadriremis tra}ijussit. Liv. Con-
tus, a pole, for poling a vessel: Acuta cuspide conto. a-
pediunt. Virgo
878. REPARARE, RECUPERARE j REFICERE, RECREARB.
Reprare, reprocuring something we have possessed be-
fore: res amissas; Recperare, aneient Rectperare,
receiving again what was lost, obtaining again something in
tbe same number and measure: erepta, liberta.lem. Cie.-
Reparare, repairing, replaeing in the former state, reestab-
lishing entirely: collisum '/JaS. S nee. Ref' cere, re-making,
repairing of dresses, &e., effecting reestablishment gradually,
rapairing, strengthening: naves, redes labentes. Hor. Vire.!
reparare, renovating for fresb exertions, wben the
strength bad. sunk entirely: cibo reficere, re-strengthening.
refreshiog after exbaustion. R e e r e a r o, causing tbat one
comes to strengtb agaio, reviving, refresbing: Ego re ere-
879. Rependere. 883. &sidere.
3'73
a!1 i afllict08 animo s bonorum, unumquemque conjirmans, "-
citans. Cie. Me refidl et recreal tuus in me amor. Id.
8i9.REPENDERE, COMPENSARE. Repend ere, weighiog
out with equaI weight, requiting, retnliating; Compen8are,
weighing one thing with another, eounting one against tbe
other, restoring, eompensating: Ingenio forma damna re-
pendo mea. Ovid. Compe,uabatur eum summB dolo-
ribus latitia. Cie.
880. REPERE, SERPERE. Repere, ereeping, moving
along on the belly: Per angustam !1ulpecula ri111am rep8e-
rat in cumeramfrumenti. Hor. Murana in sicco repunto
PIin. Serpere, glide, of animals without feet, and more
slow, n!=,iseless, and imperceptible movement: Videmus ser-
peTe anguiculos. Cie. Simulatio serpebat in die8. Id.
881. REPROBARE, REPUDIARE, RESPUERE, REJlCERE. Be-
pro bare, rejeeting as being insuffieient, unjust, or by way
of disnpprobation: Ipsa natura reprobat dolorem. Cie.'
Repdiare, thrusting away as worthless, hateful; disdain-
ing: uxorcm, repudiating. Non repudiabis in honore,
quem ip periculo re.cepisti. Cie. Respuere, thrusting away
with eontempt, disIike, disgust: Cibi reliquia, qUaB natura
rupuit. Cie. Respllere defensionem el pro nihilo pu-
tare. Id. Re ji e e r e, deeIining, not allowing something to
take place: Judices Teus rejedt. Cie.
882. RESClSCERE, COMPERIRE, CERTIOREM 1"IERI. Re-
8ci8cere, learning again, receiving information of sometbing
disagreeable, whieb was not expeeted: Primus sentio mala
nolllra: primus rescisco omnia. TM. Comperire,. re-
eeiving information upon undeniable evidenee: Comperi
u: iis, qui fuere conscii. Ter.; henee, Compereus, knowu
from proof, eertain: Facinus manifesto eompertum atqu
deprellensum. Cie. Certiorem fieri, beeoming more eer-
tain tban we were before, reeeiving eertain intclligeooe:
Casar ab exploratoribus eertor faetus est, Arioeuti
copias non longe abessc. Creso
883. RESIDERE, RESIDERE; RESIDUUS, RELIQUUS, SUPEJl-
STES; RESTARE, SUPERESSE. Residere, sitting down, sinlt-
ing down: Mediis residant cedibus. Virgo Si montes
residissent. Cie. Reside.re, sitting firmly, remaining
sitting: Ul, quum in mentem !1eniret, resid erel, de.inde apa-
tiaretur. Cie. Residet apes in virtute tua. Id.-Rui-.
duus, that wbieb remains-sitting, settled, that whib remaios,
arreara: Ruidua pecunia ezactce. Liv. Reliq , re-
32
374 884. Respondere. 887. Ridere.
maining, that whieh has been left, whieh has not yet been
taken up: Re 1 it u a disputationis cursum teneamus. Cie.
Reliquas pecunias exigere, getting, exacting the rest Ol'
arrears of a sumo Superstlls,surviving: Vita et dignita.
tis sua superstitem relinquere. Cie.-Restare,remain.
ing behind al a eertain place: R8liqua conjuratorum turba,
qui restiterunt. Cie., who remained behind, and did not
follow the eommander-in-ehief. Longa aunt, qua restant.
Id., what yet remains lo be treated. Superesse, being over
and aboye, of abundanee; henee, also, of that whieh we have
yet in readiness, opp. deesse: Cui tanta erat res, et super
erat. Ter. Partes, quamihi supersunt, illustranda o r ~
tionis. Cie.
,884. RESPONDERE, RESPONSARE, REFERRE. Respon.
dere. answering a question, giving explanation, infoi'mation:
Ad ea, qua qUl1!sita erant, respondebat. Cie.; henee, eor
responding, answering, in lhe sense of satisfying eertain given
conditions: Paribus paria respondent. Id. Respon.
sare, answering spilefully: Ancilll1! responsant. Plaut.,
being sauey; henee, opposing, defying: Fortuna superba.
Hor. Rejerre, replying, meeting or refuting.an objeetion:
.Anna rejert, etc. Virgo
885. RESTIS, FUNIS, RUDENS, RETINAcuLunl. Restis,
a cord. a thin rope, line: Restim cape ac suspende te. Plaut.
Fnis, stronger, heneejunambuli: Demisaum lapsi per ju.
neln. Virgo Rudens, a ship's rope, sail ropes: Conseen.
dcre antemnas, prensoque rudente relabi. Ovid. Retina.
culum, a rope by whieh something is he Id fast, back (halter):
Ut pelago suadente retinacula solvas. Ovid.
886. REUS, NOCENS, SONSo Reus, a person aceused
before a court; Nocens, 557, he who injures, guilty of an
evil deed, offence: Reis, tam innoxiis, quam nocentibus.
absolutiones venditare. Suet. Sons, the punishable person:
Punire s o n tes. Cie. Quid fiet s q n t i, quum r e a laudis
agar'! Ovid.
887. RIDERE, RENIDERE, CACHINNARl. -Ridere, laugh.
ing, laughing at (aliquem): Crassus semel in vita r i s i t.
Cc. Apollonius irrisit philosophiam atque contemsit. Id.
Omnes istos deridete atque contemnite. Id., deriding, scoff.
il'lg. Subriden6 hominum sator atque deorum vultu. Virg.,
smling. Renidere, smiling foreiblyand malieiously: Eg.
natius, quod candidol habet dentes, re n i d e t. Catull. Tor
tI'U8 aut jaZsum reniden6 vUu. Tac. Ci1chinnari,
888. Rima. 893. Rusticua. 87&
Inugbing loud, right out, so that the laugher is shaken: Ri-
dere convivre: cachinnari ipse AproniUlt. Cic.
888. RIMA, HIATUS, RICTUS. Rima, crag, fissure of a
solid body lengthwise and into the deptb of it: Fissus erat
tenui rima paries. Ovid. Hiatus, the cleft, wide 0l>en
and deep: Repentini terrarum hiatus. Cic. Cibus oria
hiatu capere. Iq. Rictus, mazard, wide.open jaws:' Ric-
tus ad aures dehiscens. Plin.
889. ROSTRUM, PROBOSCIS. Rostrum, beak and snout
or trunk to dig up, uproot: Rostro vultur obunco. Virgo
Sus r o s t r o si humi A literam impresserit. Cic. Pro b o s-
ci s, the trunk of the elepbant: Pro b o s cid e m elephantorum
amputare. Plin. . ,
890. ROTARE, ROTUNDARE, TORNARE; ROTUNDUS, TE-
RES. Rotare, wheeling, turniog like a wheel: Learchum
rapit et per auras more rotat fundre. Ovd. Rotundare,
rounding, i. e. giving the form of a ball, making it spherical:
Deus mundum ad volubilitate1n rotundavit. Cic. Tor-
.nare, making round with tbe turniog tpol (tornus\ turning,
e. g. 'l1ersUlt: Mundum ita t o r n a vi t, ut nihil tiffici pos8t
rotundiUlt. Cic. Rotundus (wbeel.like), round, globular:
Mutat quadrata rotundis. Hor. Teres, rounded off and
smooth, of thick aod long bodies, 0pp. angular, rough: Te-
retes Btipites, feminis crassitudine. Creso
891. RUBER, RUFUS, Russus, PURPUREUS. Ruber, red,
blood.red, e. g. sanguis; RUfItS, light.red, fox-red, both of
natural color: Aurora rubra. Prop. Rufam illam virgi-
nem. Ter. Russus, red, of artificial color: Lutea rUBsa-
que vela. Lucret. Purpureus, purple-colored, brilliant
and shining; hence, in general, of beautiful, splendid colors :
Pallium purpureum; Purpurei olores. Hor.
892. RUPES, SCOPULUS, PETRA. Rpes, the steep rock,
appearing like torn off or broken off: Ex magnis rupibuB
nactus planitiem. Creso Scopulus, cliff in the sea, from
which we may see far: Remigum para ad acopuloa aUisa.
Creso Petra, rock, as rocky mass, and as tbe hard stone;
only witb later writers: Alga in petria nascitur. Plin.
893. RUSTICUS, AGRESTIS, VICANUS. Rusticua, rural,
being in tbe country aod conformable to it, e. g. prredium;
hence, one wbo cultiva tes the country ancl inhabits it, and
wbo has manners accordingly simple; also, by way of blame,
clownisb: Homo imperitus morum, agrcola el rUBticus_
Cie. AgreBtiB, that which is in the fieId, growing wild,
374 884. Respondere. 887. Ridere.
maioiog, that whieh has been left, whieh has oot yet been
taken up: Reli1fua disputationis cursum teneamus. Cie.
Re 1 i q u a s pecunias exigere, getting, exacting the rest or
arrears of a sumo Superstlls,survivog: Vita et dignita-
tis sua superstitem relinquere. Ce. - Restare, reman-
ing behind at a eertain place: R8liqua conjuratorum turba,
qui restiterunt. Cie., who remained behind, and did not
follow the eommander-inchief. Longa aunt, qua restant.
Id., what yet remains to be treated. Superesse, being over
and aboye, of abundanee; henee, also, of that whieh we hava
yet in readiness, opp. deessf!.: Gui tanta erat res, et super-
erat. Ter. Partes, quamihi supersunt, illustranda ctra-
tionis. Cie.
,884. RESPONDERE, RESPONSARE, REFERRE. Respon-
aere, answering a question, giving explanation, information:
.Ad ea, qua quasita era.nt, r e s pon d e b a t. Cie.; henee, eor-
responding, answering, in the sense of satisfying eertain given
conditions: Paribus paria respondent. Id. Respon-
sare, answering spitefully: .Ancilla responsant. Plaut.,
being sauey; henee, opposing, defying: Fortuna superba.
Hor. Referre, replying, meeting or refutingan objeetion:
Anna refert, etc. Virgo
885. RESTIS, FUNIS, RUDENS, RETINAcuLunl. Restis,
a eord, a thin rope, line: Restim cape Qt; suspende te. Plaut.
Ftinis, stronger, heneefunambuli: Demisaum lapsi per fu-
nem. Virgo Rudens, a ship's rope, sail ropes: Ganseen-
dcre antenmas, prensoqtte rudente relamo Ovid. Retina-
culum, a rope by whieh something is held fast, back (halter):
Utpelago suadente retinacula solvas. Ovid.
886. REUS, NocENs, SONSo Reus, a person aeeusad
before a court; N o c e n s, 557, he who injures, guilty of an
evil deed, offenee: Reis, tam innoxiis, qttam nocentibu8,
absolutiones venditare. Suet. Sons, the punishable person;
Punire sontes. Ce. Quid fiet sqnti, quum rea laudi8
agar'! Ovid.
887. RIDERE, RENIDERE, CACHINNARI. "Ridere, laugh-
ing, laughing at (aliquem): Grassus semel in vita risit.
Ce. Apollonius irrisit philosophionJ atque contemsit.. Id.
Omnes istos d eri d e t e atque contemnite. Id., deriding, seoff.
il'lg. Subriden. hominum sator atque deorum vullu. Virg.,
smiling.. Renidere, smiling forciblyand maliciously: Eg-
natius, quod candido, habet dente8, renidet. Catull. Tor-
I1usaut falsum reniden6 I1,dtu. Tac. Gdchi71nari,
888. ,Rima. 893. Rusticua.
87&
Illughing loud, right out, so that the laugher is shaken: Ri-
dere conviva: cachinnari ips/l Apronius. Cie.
888. RIMA, HIATUS, RICTUS. Rima, crag, tissure of a
solid body lengthwise and into the depth of it: Fissus erat
tenui rima paries. Ovid. Hiatus, the cleft, wide open
and deep: Repentini terrarum hiatus. Cie. Cibu,s oris
hiatu capere. Id. Ri e tus, mazard, wide-open jllws:' Ri e-
tus ad aures dehiscens. Plin.
889. ROSTRUM, PROBOSCIS. Rostrum, beak nnd snout
or trunk to dig up, uproot: Rostro vultur obunco. Virgo
Sus rostro si humi A literam impresserit. Cic. Probos-
eis, the trunk of the elephant: Pro bos ci d em elephantorum
amputare. Plin. . ,
890. ROTARE, ROTUNDA RE, TORNARE; ROTUNDUS, TE-
RES. Rotare, wheeling, turning like a wheel: Learchum
rapit et per auras more rotat funda. Ovid. Rotundare,
rounding, i. e. giving the form of a ball, making it spherieal:
Deus mundum ad volubilitate1n rotundavit. Cie. Tor-
.nare, making round with the turning tpol (tornus\ turning,
e. g. 'l1crsus: Mundum ita tornavit, ut nihil ejfici pos8t
rotundius. Cie. Rotundus (wheel-like), round, globular:
Mutat quadrata rotundis. Hor. Tercs, rounded off and
smooth, of thiek and long bodies, opp. angular, rough: 1',e-
re t e s stipites, feminis crassitudine. Creso
891. RUBER, RUFUS,- Russus, PURPUREUS. Ruber, red,
blood-red, e. g. sanguis; RUftts, light-red, fox-red, both of
natural color: Aurora rubra. Prop. Rufam illam virgi-
nem. Ter. Russus, red, of artificial color: Lutea russa-
que vela. Lueret. Purpureus, purple-colored, brilliant
aod shining; henee, in general, of beautiful, splendid eolors :
Pallium purpureum; Purpurei olores. Hor.
892. RUPES, SCOPULUS, PETRA. Rpes, the steep roek,
appearing like torn off or broken off: Ex magnisrupibus
nactus planitiem. Creso Scopulus, cliff in the sea, from
whieh we may see far: Remigum pars ad scopulos allisa.
Creso Petra, rock, as rocky mass, and as the hard stone;
only with laler writers: Alga in petris nascitur. PIio.
893. RUSTICUS. AGRESTIS, VICANUS. Rusticus, rural,
being in the eountry and eonformable to it, e. g. pradium;
henee, one who euItivates the eountry ami inhabits il, and
who has manners aeeordingly simple; also, by way of blame,
elownish: Homo imperitus morum, agricola et rusticus.
Cie. Agrestis, that which' is in tbe tield, growing wild,
3'76 894. Sacer. 895. Sacerdos.
e. 'g. palma; hence, morally wild, boorish, immoral, unc,.
i1ized: &llicitant oominell imperitos ipsi rustid atque
tlgrestes. Cic.; rustici, of intellectual rudeness; agres
tu, of moral. Rustica vo.:r: et agrestis qllosdam delec.
tato Id., the strong, coarse language of the boor, rustico Vi
canus, a villager, inhabitant of a village: LacedtBmonii vicum
maritimum improviso occupavere. Vi can i pri"W terMti
sunt. Liv.
s.
894. SACER, SANCTUS, SACROSANCTUS, AUGUSTtl'S, RELI.
GlOSUS; SACRUIII, SACRIFICIUM. Si.cer, sacred, as the prop
erty of the gods, acknowledged as such by public authority,
opp. profan'US, not sacred, that. which is destined for commOD
use, without reference to a deity: .tEdes sacrtB; Sacra
profanaque omnia polluere. Sall., and consecrated to the gods
below, i. e. to death, accursed: Inteslabilis et sacer esto.
Hor. Sanctus, of moral perfection, pure, spotless,
virtuous, and inviolable, as placed under' the protectiOD oC a
deity: Sanctissimus el justissimus jude.:r:. Cic. Legato.
rum nomen ad omnes nationes s a n c t IlI'IJ 'inviolalltmque sein.
per fuit. Creso Sacrosanclus, that which must not be
violated by high penalty, most holy: Sacrosancta potestas
Tribunornm. Liv. .AllgUSltu, admiration and
reverence by: superhuman e.:r:ternal perjection, venerable,
magnificent: Ornatus habjtusque humano augustior. Liv.
august-issimum. Id. Religiosus, he who
conscientiously avoids louching sacred Ihings, religious, e. g.
testis; lIenatores lIancti et religiosi. Cic., and of objects
which we consider with religious veneration: Signa sacra
et religiosa. Cic. - Sacrltm, something holy, a sacrifice
as somethin} sacred: Sacrum piacltlare; Romulus sacra
Diis aliis Jaut. Liv. Sacrificium, a sacrifice, as sacred
action: Sacrificium lustrale in posterum diem parat.
Liv.
895. SACERDOS, PONTIFEX, ANTISTES. Sacerdos, a
priest or priestess of superior rank, inasmuch as they perform
holy rites, as a general signification; Pontife.:r:, a high.
priest, who had Ihe superintendence over Ihe service and the
olher orders of priests. The college of the pontitfs consisted
-
896. Salire. 899. Sancire.
originally of four patricians, later of eight, half plebeians; by
Sulla of fifteen, under a Pontifex maximus: Numa Pom-
pilius sacris e principium numero pontifices quinque pral-
fecit. Cic. Antistes, fem. Antistita, superintendent of
a temple and its holy rites, which he assists in celebrating:
Sacerdotes Cereris atque illius fani antistital.Cic.
896. SALIRE, SAr.TARE, TRIPUDIARE. Salire, hopping,
leaping: de muro; but Desilire ex equis. Liv. Saltare.
making leaps, jumping, dancing : S al i r e alacritatis est;
8 a 1 t a r e elegantial. Cic. Tr i p u d i a r e, stamping the ground
in dancing: . In funeribus rei publical exsultans ac tri p u d i-
ans. Cic.
897. SALUS, VALETUDO, SAN ITAS. Sillus, the desired
eondition and state, uninjured, state of well-being, in contra-
distinetion to that whieh is not agreeable; hence, the preser-
vation and salvation from perils, the weal: rei publical. Me-
dicis non ad salutem, sed ad necem uti. Cc. Villetudo,
health, i. e. state of health as continued condition, and as
whch it may be good 01' bad: bona, adversa, mala. Siini-
'as, health, which is undisturbedness of the natural nnd desir-
able state of body and soul, uncorruptedness of either: Sani-
t a s incorrupta. Cic.
898. SALUTARE, PERSALUTARE, SAT.VERE. Sdlutare,
greeting, manifesting our esteem, &c., by the expression of
OUT wishes for the welfare of another; Persalutare, greet-
ing all, one by one: Domus te nostra salutat. Cie. Om-
nes vosnosque quotidie persalutat. Id. Salvere, being
in health, feeling well; wishing this to some one: Sal." ebis
a meo Cicerone. Cie., Cicero wishes to be remembered.
899. SANCIRE, SCISCERE, CAVERE. Sancire, placing
something under the proteetion of the gods, and thus securing
it against all violations of its perfections, as sael'ed, inviolate,
irrevocable, deereeing as absolute, e. g. lf'ges: Lege natral.
communijure gentium sancittlm esto Cie. Solon capite
sanxit, si qui in seditione o ~ alterius utMus partis fois-
set, Id., he ordained by penalty of death. Sciscere, ae-
knowledging somethng, and eonfirming by one's vote;
deereeing hy majority of votes, Zegem, 629. Athenienses
, e i ver u n t, ut lEginetis, qui classe valebant, pollices pralci-
derentur. Ce. Cilvere, ordering, providing, in so doing,
for the future, that somelhing be done 01' not be done: Epi-
curus testamento c a v i t, uf dies ejus natali8 post mortem age-
retur. Cic.
878 900. Sanguis. 902. &tiare.
.900. SANGUIS, CRUOR, SANIES, PUS, TABUM, TABES.
Sanguis, blood, as vital principIe and component part ol
tbe body, inasmuch as it gives spirits and strength, and flOW8
in tbe body: Sanguis per ve"as in omnf. corJN8 dijfunditur.
Ce. Cruor, the blood which ftows from a wound, whieh
came originally from some hurt: Cruorem inimici qua",
recentissimum telumque e corpQre extractum oste1Jdere. Cic.
Sanies, spoiled blood, bloody juice or water; Ps, Gen.
pri&, matter in an ulcer; Tabum, dissolved and putrefying
blood, and every similar liquid: Exit sanguis ex vulnere
recen ti aut jam sanescente; sanies ese int" utrumque tem-
pus; pus e:.c ulcere jam ad sanifatem &pectante. Cels. Di-
lapsa cadavera tabo. Virgo Tabes, the sharp, corrosive
liquid into which a body gradually dissolves and corrodes (as
it appears), the gradual vanishing of a body by melting, pu-
trefaction, diseose: Lentaque miserrima tabe liquitur, ",
glacies incerto saucia soleo Ovid., by a slow. poison.
901. SATELLES, STIPATOR, ApPARITOR, LICTOR, ACCEN-
sus. S t e II e s, Satellite, is a soldier of a prince, always at
his side, to execllte his orders; Stipator, commander of a
body-guard, lo proteet the person of another; Apparitor,
an official servant, a person who is always present with flis su-
perior, toexecute his orders; hence, also, Stator; both are
general designations. Lictores, the persOn!il who, as a
guard of honor, carry the fasces before a diclator, consul, and
prretor, and execute the punishment of death; A f: census, a
supernumerary, who is added to the regular number of ser-
vants or persons in waiting, e. g. to the lictors; it is used also
of young, newly.enlisted soldiers: Vides tyranni s a t e l-
lit e s in imperiis. Cic. S tipa t o r e s corporis constituit,
eosdem ministros et s a t e II i t e s potestatis. Id. Sit li c t o r
non sua, sed tua lenitatis apparilor. Id.
902. SATIARE, SATURARE; SATIAS, SATIETAS, FASTIDIUM,
NAUSEA. Siitiare, satisfy, so that one has token enough
of nourishment; Sturare (satur, satisfied and full), satis-
fying to such a degree that no further food can be received ;
what in coarse language we would express by crammed full :
Cibus satiat. Curt. Exsatiati cibo vinoque. Liv. Nec
cytiso saturantur apes, nec fronde capella. Virgo - Sil-
tias, Gen. salidtis, ancient, and Satietas, satiety, the be-
ing satisfied; surfeit, when n thing has no longer charm ror
attraction, has no longer any interest for us: Satias amoriB
eum cepit. Liv. Omnibusin rebus .imilitudoest satielati.
903. &tisdare. 905. Scire. 879
matero Cie. Fastidium, d i s ~ u s t dislike, as eonsequenC8
ofsatiety: Cibi satietas el jastidium subamara aliqua re
relevatur. Cie. N a u,e a, nauseousness, the feeling siek,
inelination to vomiting, sea-siekness: Navigavimus sine .au-
,ea. Cie. .
903. SATISDARE, SATlSFACERE, PRESTARE. Satisdare,
giving bail, guaranty, opp. Cavere sibi, eausing tbat suffieient
bail 6r guaranty be given to us, and Satis accipere, re-
eeiving bail: Postulabat ut procurator judicatum solvi satis-
daret. Cie.; the mandatarius was asked lo bring guaranty
for the paymeDt of the sum whieh the eonvieted person would
eVEmtually be obliged to pay. Satisfacere, procuriDg sat-
isfaetion, satisfying, e. g. by paying damages, bail, making
payment: Heraclides pecuniam Hermippi fide sumsit a Fu-
ftis: Hermippus Fuftis satisfacit etftdem suam liberal.
Ce. Prastare, staDding good for something, performing
something, whieh we have taken upon ourselves, to whieh we
have obliged ourselves: Istam culpam, quam vereris, ego
prastabo. Cie., 1 will take the respoDsibility upon myself.
Prastitimus, iuod debttimus. Id. .
904. SeAMNuM, SeABELLuM, SEDILE, SELLA, SUBSELLIUM,
CATHEDRA. Scamnum, a beDeh, a eoarse ehair.; Scabel-
lum, Scabillum, a low beneh, a footstool: Ante focos olim
longia considere scamnis mos erat. Ovid. Sd,le, every
seat fit to sit upon: Vivoque sedilia sazo. Virgo Sella
(for sedela) , a ehair: curulis. Subsellium, a lower beneh
near aD elevated seat, as those of tbe senators in the curia,
in front of the tribune oC the prretor, before the rostra: Se-
dere in accusatorum subselliis. Cie. Ctlthedra (xO--
Jqa), every chair, also a sedan ehair, as Sella; generall,.
an arm-ehair: Pmnituit multos vana sterilisque e a t h e d r lB.
Juvenal.
905. SCIRE, NOSCERE, CALLERE; SeIENS, SeITUS. Scire,
knowing (in German wissen), having a elear perception of
something and having this ready in the memory: Non sciaal
(pueri) ipsi viam, domum qua redeant1 Plaut. NOIcere,
beeoming acquainted with (in German kennen lernen), obtain-
ing knowledge oC something; noue, knowing (in German
kennen), being aequainted with tbe marks oC distinetion oC sorne-
tbing: Apollo quum monet, ut se quisque a o s c a t, non id prIB-
cipit, ut membra Rostra aut staturamftguramque noscama,.
Ce. N o s s e, is the knowledge as result oC external or interna}
perception; Scirc, as oC memory or understanding, wbich
880
906. &ribere. 908. Scurra.
maltes applieation of it. Cal le r e, being full of ealluses
(callum, see Callil, 590), baving a thiek, hard skin, from
working or walking; benee, having gained an aeeurate
knowledge or perfeet skill in 8Omething, by dint of applica-
tion and praetice; being perfectly versed in something: Pm-
norum jura non e a.ll e s. Cie. - S ci e n s, knowing: Quis
hoe homine s e i e n t i ur (rei militaris) unquam fuit 1 Cie.,
who did understand better military Il)atters? Scitus, wise,
clever, he wbo applies and praetises well wbat be knows,
skilful; and tbat whieb is made, eontrived, with intelligenee,
fine, nice: Scita Thalia lyrm. Hor. Sitm interroga-
tiones. Quinetil
. 906. SCRIBERE, PERSCRIBERE, CONSCRIBERE, COMPONERE;
SCRIBA, NOTARIUS, ACTUARIUS, LIBRARIUS. Seribere,
writing, drawing up in writing; Perseribere, writing down
punetually and minutely, informing in wrjting: Scribere
epistolam; Indieum dicta, responsa, senatus consultum per-
.cribere. Cic. Conscribere, writing together, respect-
ing the local relation, e. g. volumen; milites, upon a list, i. e.
enlisting; Componere, plaeing together, with reference to
order and art: res gestas. Hor. Scriba, a scribe, secre-
fary; generally, manumitted slaves, who reeeived publie ap-
poilltments with salary from the senate and bigh magistrates:
Scribarum ordo est honestus, quod eorum hominum fidei
tabulOJ publicOJ periculaque magislratllum committuntur. Cie.
Notarius, a stenographer, short-hand writer, who, witb ab-
breviations (notOJ), writes speeches and transaetions while
proceeding, reporter; also .Aetuarius (agere), a stenogra-
pher: Oralia ab actuariis excepta, male subsequenlibus
"erba dicentis. Suet. Librarius, one who copies and sells
books. '
907. SCRIPTURA, PORToRIUnr, DECUlIllE. Scriptura, tbe
fax on pastures in Roman provinces, for tbe use of whieb tbe
graziers had themselves with the amoun! of tbeir eattle
entered at the publiean's; Portorium, port-duty 00 import
and export: Syracusanorllm portum et seripturam eadem
'societas ltabebat. Cie. D e e u m OJ, tithe of the grain, whicb
was paid by tbe farmers of Roman lands in tbe provinees:
Pro singulis decumis ternas decumas dare. Cie.
908. SCURRA, SANNIO, PARRASITUS. Scurra, a merry-
andrew: facetus; Sannio, buffoon: Ridiculus sannio
vmlu, imitandis maribus, "oce, denique eorpore ridetur ipso.
Ce. Parasitu, (n-aeUITO'), properly, a eo-eater; a par-
t
909. &utica. 912. Securis. 381
asite, one who flatters olhers, and allows every thing to be
done wilh him, in order lo a free table: Parasitorum in
comauliis assentalio fceta. Cic.
909. SCUTICA, FLAGRUM, FLAGELLUM, VERBER, LORUIIlo
Scutica, a whip of thongs; Fldgrum and 'Flagell"""
a whip- to chastise slaves and criminals, often furnished with
pricks (scorpiones): Ne scutica dignum lwrribili sectere
flagello. Hor. Verber, a scourge, as flexible and to be
-swung, rare: Gradiz,ua ictu verberis increpttit. Ovid.
Lorum, a thong, cowhide: LEdilem servipublici loris ce-
ciderunt. Cic.
910. SECESSUS, RECRSSUS, SECRETUM, SOLITUDO; SECRE-
TUS, SEJUNCTUS, SECLUSUS. Secessus, a place remote
from noise, solitary: _Carmina secessum scribentis et otia
quarunt. Ovid. Recessus, a receding, remote corner:
Mihi solitudo et recessus provincia esto Cic. Secre-
tum, a secluded, hidden place, where we are secure against
intruders: Secreta Sidyllee, antrum immune. Virgo Sol-
tudo, solitude, place where we are quite alone. - Secretu8,
secluded, remote and hidden: Secretee valles. 'fac. Se-
junctus, placed out of connexion with other things,separ-
ate: Bonum ab lwnestate non sejunctum. Cic. Seclusu8,
secluded, separated as if by a partition: Videt in valle .....
ducta seclusum nemU8. Virgo . .
911. SECUNDUS, PRoxmus. SecunduB, the second, tba
one who follows afler the first, according to number aOO
rank; ProximuB, the nearest among olhers, near to an oh-
ject: Id secundum erat.de tribus. Cic. Heecfou altera
persona Tltebis, sed tamen secunda, a ut pro!JJima euet
Epaminondee. Nep.
912. SECURIS, BIPENNIS, AsclA, DOJ.ABRA. Sectiri8,.
an axe, hatchet: leta securibus ilex. Virgo Bipennis,
a double axe; with two wings, as it were, used by the wood-
man, and in war: llex tonsa bipennibus. Hor. Astia,
!he instrument used by earpenters to lop and square the wood,
the broad surface of which inlersects perpemlicularly the-
plain of the helm, as used at present: Rogu.m ascia ne po-
lito. XII Tabb. Doliihra, a similar instrument, with a
long helm, the iron of which, however, which is opposite to
the edge, is pointed, to clear away trees, tear down walls,
and also used as a weapon: Miles correptis secllribus el
dolahriB, ut si murum perrumperet, ceedere tegmi,Ia et cor-
pora. Tac.
382 913. &d. 916. &.ea.

913. SED, VERUM, VERO, AT, ATQUI, AUTEM. The an-
tecedent sentence is connected with anotber position opposed
to its meaning, by Sed, but, separating tbe positive from tbe
negation, that. whicb is more definite from the indefinite;
Ver u m (the trutb is), but, correcting by the statement of tbe
8till more accurate truth; Ver o (as adverb, in truth, verily,
even), but, and in particular, adding still more by an addition,
expressed eonfirmingly, of sometbing still more important and
weigbty; A t, ancient A. s t, but, on tbe otber hand, opposing
something different or the entire contrary; hence, w.hen we
make objections, resolutions, or call upon a person lo do a
thing; Atqui (at-qui), yet, nevertbeless, against this, con-
firming the contrary; hence, in conclusions, if a specific minor
position is opposed to tbe general major; Autem, the but
wbich continues, distinguishea only tbe antecedent from tbe
opposite, wbich, as continuation, stands in connexion witb it:
Non numero hac judicantur, sed pondere. Clc. Non O!Sti-
matione census, ver u m victu alque cullu term"inatur pecunia-
modus. Id. In vita plena Italicarum mensarum sapiens nemo
tdJicietur unquam, moderatus ver o multo minus. Id. Th ere-
"bras a nobis literas e:rspecta: a s t piures etiam mittito. Id.
O rem, inquis, difficilem atque inexplicabilem! A. l q u i z p l i ~
canda esto Id. CrCB8U8 hostium vim sese perversurum putavit,
pervertit autem suam. Id.
914. SEDITIOSUS, TURBULENTUS, TuMULTUOSUS. Sedi-
tiosus, seditious, inclined to sedition, making, eausing" it;
Turbulentus, stormy, turbulent, exciting disorder and con-
fusion, e. g. conciones: Seditiosus civ"is et turbulentus.
Cie., a citizen who causes riots and disturbances everywhere.
Tumultuosus, riotous, full of riot and noisy disorder: In
olio tumultuosi, in bello segnes. Liv., noisy and riotous.
915. SEGES, MESSIS. Seges, the field with corn sown,
and tbe corn from tbe time of germination to the maturity of
the grain: Seges dicitur quod aratum satum esto Varr.
Luxuriem segetum depascit. Virgo Messis, the mown
grain, and the crop ready to be mown: Gravidis onerati
messibus agrio Ovid.
916. SEMEN, SEMENTIS. Semen, seed, the seed-grain:
&"zcis eommittere semina. Virgo Sementis, tbe sown
seed, when it is strewing out on the field, imd when it has
been sown; and the sea son of sowing: Ut sementem feee-
ris, ita metes. Cic. Thm semente prohibita, fruetus an-
nuus interibat. Id.
917. SemianimUl. 919. Sententiam dicere. 383
917. SEMIANIMUS - IS, SEMINEX, SEMIVIVUS. S e m i a-
nimus and Semianimis, half.dead, almost witbout life:
Semianimes volvuntur equi. Virgo Seminez, half-dead
from external injury, half-killed: Seminecem in acervo
clEsor"m corporum int'entum. Liv.Semiv iv us, almost
without life, and witnout power or strength of life: fb.i homi-
nem, fumo excruciutum, semiv ivum reliquit. Cie.
918. SENEX, SENIOR, ANNOSUS, LONGEVUS, VETULUS;
SENESCERE, VETUSTISCERE, INVETERASCERE. Sen ex, an age
aboye sixty years, an old man, with the eonditions peculiar to
this age. Senior, the elder one, is used only in referenee
to junior: Vetus proverbium monet, mature fieri s e n e m, si
diu velis esse sen ex. Cie. CenturiIE seniorum ac junio-
rumo Liv., i. e. to the seventieth year. Annosus (in Ger-
man bejahrt, literally be-yeared), burdened with
years; it is more than senex: Pontijicum libros, annosa
volumina vatum. Hor. LonglEvus, of very high nge (in
German /lOchbetagt, literally translated, high-be-dayed), poet-
ieal, liS is likewise grandlEvus, with the idea of venerable-
ness: Conjux lo n g lE va Dorycli. Virgo Ve tul u s, pretty
old, oldish; as substantive, also, in a detrlletive sense: Sero
sapiunt. Tu tamen, mi vetule, non sera. Cie. - Senes-
cere, growing old in age, and aeeording to quality: Tacitis
scnescimus annis. Ovid.; henee, growing too old, that is,
gradually losing powers IInd good qualities (the first, in Ger-
man, altern; the seeond, t'erallern): Oratorum laus jam
senesdt. Cie. Vetustiscere, growing old, aeeording lo
exislence, Ilnd thus growing in strength: Vina vetusti8-
cunt. Colum. Inveterascere, growing old in something,
aeeording to duration, settling fipmly, taking root firmly, root-
ing in: Macula penitus jam inseditatque inveteravit in
populi Romani "omine. Cie. In v e ter a ver ti n t milites
bellis. ClEs. (the German ergrauen, growing gray in, during
sorne state of things. )
919. SENTENTIAM D1CERE, FERRE, PRONUNTIARE; SUF-
FBAGIUM, SUFFRAGIA FERRE. Sententiam dicere, say-
ing, stating one's opinion, judgment, distinguishes the judging
person from others: Sententiam ferre, giving one's judg-
ment, vote; Votum, voting, distinguishes the opinion or judg-
ment of others; Pranuntiare, pronouneing the.opinion,
judgment, distinguishes lhe mode and manner of publieation
or utteranee: Senatui plac6t, C. Casarem 8enatorem eS8e,
,ententiamque loco prlEtario dicere. Cie. In senatu
920. Separatim. 923. Seroare.
rine ulla cupiditate de bello, de pace ,ententiam ferat.
Id. Prator palam de ,ella oc tribunali pronuntiat (un-
tentiam). Id. - Suffragium (IU./frago, properly, the
striving up for somethiug), aod S1lffragia ferre, giving a
vote for 01' agaiost something, votiog, and obtainiog votes
from others i Suffragium refers to the result of voting;
Suffragia, to the voters: Suffragii ferundi ctlUla con-
"tRiunt. Cie. Ego te IUffragium tullse in illa lege, fIOn
credidi. Id. Quasitum est, ,uffragia magistratu man-
dando clam, an pala,,, ferre meliua elBet. Id. Indicatl, te
Re gratuita quidem eorum suffragia tulisse. Id.
920. SEPARATIM, SEORSUM, SINGULATIM. Separatim,
separate, removed 01' separated from the rest, opp. conjuru;-
tim; Seor,um, Seor,u, (,e-versus), 00 a place situate
to the ,ide, removed from th8 neighbourhood of olbera, opp.
una,simul; Singulatim, singly, eaeh ooe for itself: Medio-
cribus intervalli, , epa r a t m copias collocaverat. Cres.
Seor,um arma ac tela ,eponebantur. Cie. Ad ea, qua
diurnnt, sngulatim unicuique respondeo. Id.
921. SEQUI, INsEQul, INSECTARJ. Sequi (eooneeted with
the root of seeking), following, going behiod: HOI totaar-
menta ,equuntur a tergo. Virgo Insequ, followingelOll8
behind, upoo the heel, pursuiog sharply: fugientem, aliquerR
gladio stricto. Cie. Insectari, pursuing hotly, pressing:
Impios agitant in,ectanturque Furia. Cie.
922. SERERE, SEMINARE, PLANTARE, SPARGERE. Sere-
re, sowing, planting, placing seed, seedlings, 01' shoots io the
grouod, for the purpose of propagating tbe plaot: hordea cam-
pi,. Virgo i arboris. Cie. i IJence, Con,tio, the sowiog 01'
plantiog a field, hed, &O. (io German besien, bep.ftanzen);
In, i t i o, engrafting, inoculation of trees: Venerit in, it i o ;
fac ramum ramua adoptet. Ovid. Seminare, sowiog, eov-
ering with seed: agrum. Colum. Hordeum seminari de-
bet po,t tIlquinoctium. Id. Plantare, plaoting a vegetable,
plant, in the ground: Hoc modo plantantur Punictll, co-
ryli, vite,. Plin. Spargere, strewing out, about, manu
semen. Cic. - Litera humanitatl , par, a sale. Id.
923. SERVARE, AD - CONSERVARE, CUSTODIRE. Ser-
vare, payiog attention to something, taking eare of il, lbat il
may not suffel' injury, saviog, preserving: Ortum Cancula
diligenter quotannis s e r " a r e, conjecturamque capere, stUu-
bri,ne an pe,tilens annua futurus ,it. Cie. Hunc ordinem
laboris quietlque milite, Bervarunt. Liv. Ser"are
924. Servru. 925. Se.tertiru.
386
fidem, keeping faith, keeping one's promise, being atteiltive
tbat We do not ae! against it; St are in fide, being eonstant
in one's faith. A d.erv are, watehing sometbing, preserv-
ing somelbing witb olle's self: tabulas, aliquem privatis CUI-
todii . Cie. Conser_v are, keeping something together and
proteeting it against injury, diminution, or ruin: rem famili-
arem diligentia et parsimonia. Cie.; benee, Servator, tbe
saver, preserver: rei publica!; Con. e r v a t o r, the protector
and supporter: imperii. C u. t o d i r e, watebing o v ~ r pro-
teeting against injury, and watebing that sometbing do no iD-
jury, or withdraw from superintendenee or wateh: corpa,
domumque; aliquem t parricidam. Cie.
924. SRRVUS, MANCIPlUM, VERNA, PUER, FAMULUS, MI-
NISTRR; SERVA, ANCILLA, FAMULA; SERVU! A MANU, AD
MANUM. Servu., slave, serf,u belonging with his body Lo
a master; Mancipium, as property hy eaptivity of war or
sale; Verna, as property by birtb, boro in tbe house of tbe
master of his parents; Puer, as a young fellow, lad (as tbe
word boy is frequently used in English wbere slavery exists);
Fmulu., as waiter, servaDt who belongs to tbe house-people
(familia); Mi ni. ter, as servant, assistant offieially, oo. ec-
count of bis offiee: Servorum jus,fortuna, conditio ~
ut. Cie. M a n c i pi a BUnt dominorum facta new, aut ali-
quo jure cit,ili. Id. Hic, qui verna natru e.t. Plaut. Mi-
hi venit obviam tu", puer. Cie. Heris adhibenda .czvitic
in famulo . Id.; but also Famulu acrorum. Id. Mi-
niatri dapibus mensas onerant et pocula ponunt. Virg.-
Serva, Ihe female slave, as bodily belonging lo her owner;
A n cilla, tbe house-maid, tbe servanl wbo performs domes
tic labor; Famula, tbe servant, as serving, waiting female:
Inter ancilla. sederejubeas, lanam carrere. Plaut.-Ser-
VII' a manu, a pedibus, designa tes tbe peculiar serviee oC
tbe servant, a scrihe, a messenger,or boy for errands; al
manllm, ad pedes, tbe casual position in wbieb a slave bap-
pens to he locally: Servum a pedibu. meum .Rtnnam
misio Cie. Pote. audire u cliente tuo, quem .ervII. sibi
ille habuit ad manum. Cie.; olherwise, tbe destination of a
slave, or for what he is employed: Servo. ad remum daba-
mru. Liv., i. e. remige
925. SESTERTlUS, - A, UM. S e. ter t i ru, tbe small .e.-
tertiUB, worth originally two and a balf auu, and beDee
marked LLS, lIS ,2 libra et .emis), afterwards HS, a silver
coio, accordiog to wbich a sum below and aboye one thousand
33
926. Si. 927. Sibilare.
waa expressed: Sestertia sc. pondo,.collntedonly the en
tire thousands of smaller sestertii, from two io nine hundred
arid ninety.nine; Sestertium se. pondU8, was an entire 000
hundred thousand of small sestertii, which from ten were
counted with numeral adverbs: Sexcenta sestertia, that is,
aix hundred thousand; decies sestertium, or only de
cies, was said instead of decie, centum mlia sestertium,.
numm"m = one milJion. Super.ftcum CBdium astmarunt HS
vicies; Formianum HS dueentis quinquagnta mlibus. Cie.
926. SI, QUUM; SI NON, SI MINUS, SIN, NISI. Si, if,
is used with an antecedent position, which indicates the con
dition, the supposed existence of a state as ground of the con
contained in the succeeding positioo; Quum, when,
80 often as, states an occurrence as actual case, with refer
ence to a contemporary consequence: Si valebis, qua",
recte navigari poterit, tum naviges. Cic. - By Si no1l, if
oot, \Ve distinctly negative the reaUty of a single Dotion in
opposition to the affirmation, in such a conditional position; a
Jees positive negation is expressed by Si minus, if not en
tirely, alleast if no!; Sin, if however, provided however, in
dicates the contrary to tbe antecedent condition, Si express-
ing apprehension of the contrary; Ni, Nis, if not, provided.
not, except if, expresses tbat condition without which tbat
which is stated would not take place; hence, the if not can .
ooly be taken in tbe sense of apprehension: Dolorem si non
potero frangere, occultabo. Cie. Si feceris id, magnma
habebo gratam; si non feeeris, ignoscam. Id. Si pos-
sent, castellum expugnarent: s i mi n u s potuissent, agro.
Remorum popularentur. Cms. Equidem ego vobis regnum
trado firmum, si boni eritis; sin mali, imbecillum: SaIl.
Meus hie est homo, ni omnes di atque homincs deseruRt.
Plaut. Memoria minuitur, nisi eam exerecas. Cie., if thou
dost not praetise it; si eam non exerces, would designate
an Qetually not practising, in oppositioo lo si exerces, as
appears from tbe followiog sentenees: Fuit apertum, si Co-
non 71 o n foisset, Agesilaum Asiam reg fuisse ereplurum.
Nep. Habuisset tanto impetu erepta re, fortunam, nisi t.mta
h07llo Syracusis ea tempestate fuisset. Arehimedes is eral.
Liv.
927. SIBILARE, STRIDERE, FREMERE, FRENDERE. Sibi-
lare, hissing, whizzing, of a tone which proceeds from a
opening, or is produced by s aman body cutting too
sir rapidIy: serpens, aura; Popultu file .ibilat. Hor
....
928. Signare. 930. Signum.
StridJre, screaming, loud and pipingly, disagreeable: BeZ.
lua Lema horrendum stridens. Virgo Foribus cardo
stridebat anis. Id. Fremere, gnarling, snarling, growI.
ing: leo, currus: Arrius c01l81,latum sibi ereptum fremit.
Cie. Frendire, gnashing, grating: dentibus.
928. SiGNARE, NOTARE. Sign are, signing, that is, pro
viding with a sign, a sign.manual, seal, stamp: lEs, argt!1itum
publice /lignanto. XII Tabb. Notare, signing, i. e.
making marks of distinetion on or in ao object, in order to
know it again, or to remember certaio things by it: Digiti6
charta no tata meis. Ovid. D'iem mihi notaveram. Cic.,
hence, Censoria notatio, disgrace, and notio, the inquiry,
by the censor.
929. SIGNIFICARE, DECLARARE, INDICARE; INDICIUM, VES.
TIGlUM. Significare, givingto understand by sigos:
Galli, ubi major atque illustrior incidit res, clamore per
ogros si gn iJi can t. Creso De c 1 ar ar e, making that some
thing be seen clearly, demonstrating with elearness and pero
spieuity: Luculentam plagam accepit, ut d e el arat cicatriz.
Cie. Monstrare, showing to the senses, pointing out, fu
make something discernible and known: Monstra, quotl
hiham. Plaut. Indicare, indieating, informing of, against:
Puer rem omnem domina indicavit. Cie. QuemadmodUfl&
animo affeeti sumus, vultus indicat. Id. - Indicium, in-
dication, by whieh we arrive at the knowledge of something
unknown, hidden; Vestigium, footstep, trace, traek, trail:
Indi ca et vestigia veneni. Cic.
930. -SlGNUM, INSIGNE, SPECll\lEN; VEXILLUM. Signum,
a sign, mark, by whieh we know a thing, or from which we
conelude uponsomething: morbi, doloris; Insigne, the
prominent sign, whieh is known by its prominenee, and
through which something distinguishes itself: Bulla, indicio
um atque insigne fortuna. Cie.; hence, the sign or em
bIem of honor, of an offiee or of merit: ReJ: setlebat cum
purpurea et iUis insignibus regiis. Cie. Specimen,
that by whieh we judge the quality of a thing, proof, pattem:
popularis judicii. Cie. - Signum, the field.sigo, ensign of
the foot; with the legions, a golden eagle on a hasta; with
the manipulus, it was a hand stretehed out, on a poi e, under
whieh were the name of the cohors and medallions with the
images of the gods; Ve:z:illum, a standard for a smaller
body of infantry, 624; with the eavalry and allies, a square
piece of eloth hanging down from a spear: Signa in ho.tu
..
1-
888
931. Silva. 934. Singuli.
'!ferre. CIIl9. Cornelius manu monstrabat, ve:rilla Be nO-
rum cernere equitum. Liv. Vitellius urbem introiit nter
.igna atque ve:cilla. Tac.
931. SILVA, SALTUS, Lucus. Silva, (lo", and
the German Holz), wood, forest, wilh a thick growth of trees:
Me in silvam abstrudo densam el asperam. Cic. SaltuB,
the leap, and a mountainous counlry, where many leaps are
to be made, in order to proceed; mountain wood with paso
tures, a mountainchain covered with forests: . Pyrencri,
Thermopylarum; FurculCE CaudinCE saltus duo alti, anguati
silvosique sunt, montibus circa perpett,is nter Be junct. Liv.,
mountain.chains wilh passes. Nemus, a low pasture wood,
opp. SilVCE; also, a pleasure.grove, nursery: Est nemUB
HCEmoniCE, prCErupta quod undique claudit s il va: "ocimt
Tempe. Ovid. Lcus, a grove or foresl sacred to a deity,
a sacred grove: Templum erat LaciniCE Junon8. Lucrla
bi, jrequenti silva et proceris abjetis arboribus seplus, in
medio pascua habllit. Liv. .
932. SIMPLICITAS, CANDOR, SINCERITAS. Simplicita.,
aimplicity, naturalness, nai'vet, frankness; Ca n d or, bright
whiteness, faithfulness, true.heartedness, is without dissimula.
tion and confiding, while simplicitas is open and without
reserve; Sinceritas, the purity, probity, without falsenesa
or mal ice : Com,ivaliwnjabularum simplicitatem in cri-
men ducere. Tac. Animi candor in caria amicia cognitus.
Ovid. Utilius homini nihil est quam recte loqui .. sed ad pero
niciem agi solel s'inceritas. Phredr.
933. SIMULARE, DISSIMULARE, AOSIMULARE. Simulare,
making similar, pretending that somelhing be as it is not in
reality: CEgrum, playing lhe patient, pretendingto be ill; see
449, and prCE se jerre, 85. Dis,imulare, making dissim
ilar, doing as if a thing were as it is not, not ll110wing sorne
thing to be perceived: metum: Res diutius tegi d iuimu
larique non potuit. Cres., conoealing. QUCE non sunt,
.imuZo; qUCE aunt, ea dissimuZ antur. A ssimulare,
A 88 i m il a r e, comparing, imitating: grandia pania. Ovid.,
giving the appearance to a thing, as if it were so, pretendiog,
of the endeavour to produce an irnitation so perfect that it
deceives: Assimulata jamiliaritas. Cic.
934. SINGULI, UNIVERSI. SinguZi, all taken siogly,
every one, each in particular; Universi, 746, all,
all together: Dum sinlfuli pugnant,IH.i"er.'
-T&o.
'-.'
935. Sinus. 940. &lus.
935. SINUS, GREMlUM. Sinus, every sinking, half-round
hollow, or deepening of a surface; the bosom, the folded part
of a garment, which covers the breast, the deep fold of the
toga, which originated from the grasping and holding of the
same with the left arm; a gulf: .Algent8 manus est calJaci-
enda sinu. Ovid. Gremium, the lap, the curvature of a
sitting person, produced by the abdomen and the upper thighs:
Puerum in gremio patris ponere. Ter. lEtolia in sinu
pacis posita medio fere Gracia gremio continetur. Cic.
936. SITIRE, ARDERE. Sitire rem, thirsting, designates
violent desire; .A r d e r e rem and re, burning, indicates the
violence of an appetite, of a passion: Nec sitio honores,
nec desidero gloriam. Cic. .A r d e r e sludio historia, invi-
dia, dolore, ira. Id.
937. SITULA, SITELLA, URNA. SltuZa, Sitella,a bueket
lo draw water, the vessel to receive the votes at electioD:
Sitellam aiferlo cum aqua. Plaut. Urna, a waterpot, a
vessel lo keep the ashes of the dead, and for the vote-tableta
at elections: .Amnem fondens Inachus urna. Virgo OSS4
reJeranlur ir urna. Ovid.
938. SOLERE, SUEVISSE, CONSUEVISSE. Solere, being
wont to do, repeating the same aetion under the same circum-
stanees; Suescere, beeoming aeeustomed; Sucvisse, be-
ing aceustomed, wont, repeating something regularly, because
it gives us pleasure: Fieri s o 1 e t; Has Graci stcUas Hya.
das vocitare 8uerunl. Cic. Consuevisse, being familiar
with a eustom: Qui mentiri solet, pejerare consuevit.
Cie.
939. SOLlUM, TRIBUNAL, THRONUS. Solium, an ele-
valed place, throne: regale Jov8. Ovid. Tribnal, ao
elevated stagiog, bent out arch-like io froot, io the open mar
ket, where the magistrates, who administered justice, were
sittiog io their sella curulis: Prator de sella ac tribunali
pronuntiat. Cie. Thror,us, for solium, not used before
Plioy.
. 940. SOLUS, UNUS, UNICUS. Solus, sole, alone, without
company or companioo: Solus errabat in litore Pompeius.
Ce. Unus, one, not several or maoy: Pompeius plus po-
.test unus, quam ceten omnes. Cic. Si tu solus, out quivi.
Kmu cum gladio impetum in me fllc8set. Id. Unicus, the
ooly one as to number aod kiod, that is, excelleot: Qua
tanta vitia fuerunt in unico filio '1 Cic. .Archimede., uni
ev. ~ t o r cceli siderumque. Liv.
33-
390
941. Somnu. 944. Spectare.
. 941. SOMNUS, SOPOR; SOMNlUM, INSOMNIUM, VISUM.
Som"us (sopire), natural, sound sleep; Sopor, the fast,
deep sleep, as that of the intoxicated, iU, exhausted: Junci
umine somnum alUci, sed modum servandum, ne sopor
fiat. Plin. - Somnium, the dream, the vivid but confused
representations in the sleep: Somnia fallad ludum temt-
raria noete. Tibull. Insomnium, the image or phantom
of the dream, as vapid, unreal appearance; more common is
Visum, a sight in the dream: Atlantes insomnia non "-
BUm. Plin. Visa somniantium, somniorU1l1. Cic.
942. SONUS, SONOR, SONITUS, FRAGOR.. Sonus, tha
sound of the voice, of a musical instrument; Sonor, the
tone or sounding, inasmuch as the ear is affected thereby;
Sonitlts (sonare), the noise, the continued state of a strong
sounding: NerL'orum ae tibiarum sonos elieere. Cic. Suo
quisque periculo intentus s o n o r e m alterius prmlii ftOn ae
cipiebat. Tac. Sonilus imilatur Olympi. Virgo Fra.
gor, the cracking noise of breaking bodies: Propulsa fra.
gorem silva dato Ovid. Cmlum tonal fragore. Virg.,
thunder.clap.
943. SORS, CAPUT; PECUNI A. S o r s, 183, capital invested
and bearing inlerest; Caput, as capital, in contmdistinction
to interest; P e e u n i a, as momy in general; hence it is
always used with more definite distinctions, e. g. creditm
pecunia: Cures, ut salva sit non sors modo, sed etiam
usura plurium annomm. Plin. Quinas hie cap i t i ,nereedes
exsecat. Bor., he deducts at once five per cent from the cap.
ital, i. e. per month; annually, therefore, sixty per cen!.
944. SPECTARE, SPECULAR1, CONSPICF.RE, CONSPICARI,
TUERI, CONTEl\lPLARI, CONSIDERARE; SPECTACULUM, Ma-
NUS, LUDI. Spe"Ctare (spp.cere, in German sphen, in Con.
spicere), continuedly, repeatedly looking at, being speetator
of, from desire of information and interest: Speetatum ve-
niunt; veniunt spectentuf ut ips(J!;. Ovid. Speeulari,
repeatedlyand intently, sharply lookillg toward, at something,
in order to discover something, to espy it, waiting and look.
ing intenlly unlil it be seen (German erlauern),. Spectare,
is the open, frank viewing; Speculari, by stealth, cunning:
Speculabor, ne quis eonsilio venator adsit. Plaut. Con.
spiare, seeing something which suddenly appears to tha
eye, beholding suddenly, at last (in German erblieke11); Con.
spieari, distinguishing clenrly in the distance, perceiving:
7rans vallem et rivum multitudinem hostium conspie ..
945. Sperare. 947. Stamen. 391
t.r. Creso Tued, gazing at, staring at, in order to see it
rightIy, beholding: Tueu oculis immitem P"inea torvU.
Ovid. CaJlum tueri. Id. Contemplad, dwelling on an
object in looking at it, beholding with interest, pleasure, ad-
miratioll; the beholding, connected with mental action or
snsations, contemplating: Oculis contemplad pulchritu-
dinem rerum CaJlestium. Cic. Con s i d e r a r e, beholding,
viewing considerately and with reflection: Pictores et poeta
suumquisqueopusavulgo considerad vult. Cic.-Spec:
taculum, something which is arranged to be beheld, and for
beholders, a seat in the theatre, and a spectacle, inasmuch as
it interests the beholder: LunaJ siderumque. M u n u s, a
public spectacle, especially the gladiatorial gamas, as present
to the people: Antiochus rex gladiatorum munus majore
cum terrore hominum, insuetorum ad tale spectaculum,
quam voluptate, dedit. Liv. Ludi, public and solemn games,
inasmuch as they were brought about and performed: Romu-
lus 1 u d o s parat, Consualia: indici deinde finitimis s pe c-
taculum jubet. Liv.
945. SPERARE, CONFIDERE, SUSPICARI; SPES, EXSPEC-
TATIO. Sperare, hoping, looking forward to something de-
sirable, with reasons of probability; Conjidere, hoping for,
expecting something with certainty, with confidenee: De
Miltiade non solum bene sperare, sed etiam conjidere
uves poterant sui, .talem futurum, qualem cognitum judica-
rant. Nep. Suspicari, expecting somethillg desirable se-
eretly,supposing: Me consolaturspes, Q1lOd-valde suspicor
jore, ut injringatur hominrtm improbilas. Cie.; more fre-
quently, suspecting. - Spes, expectation of; properly, view
at something desired, with interest, hope; Exspectatio,
expectation of something whieh is to happen (properly, view
at it): Si spes est exspectatio boni, mali exspectatio-
n e m esse necesse est metum. Cie.
946. SPINA (SPINUS), Aous, AOULEUS. Spina, thoro,
prick of plants and of the hedgehog, and the like, e. g. rosa-
rum; animantes spinis hirsutaJ. Cic. (Sptntu, a thorny
bush, tree: Spini prunajerentes. Virg., hawthorn.) A cu"
a needle, sewing-needle, or for embroidery: Pingere dcu.
Ovid. Aculeus, the sting of inseets, point of an arrow,
e. g. vespaJ, sagittaJ: A c u 1 e i contumeliarum. Cie.
947. STAMEN, SUBTEDIEN, TRAMA, TELA. Stiimp.n, the
warp, the longitudinal threads in woven cloth; Subtimen,
the woof or wcft, the eross-thread; Triima, the throwing in
392 948. Statio. 950. Stol1UJcluui.
or drawing througb of tbe weft (f); Tela, tbe wbole tiasue,
elotb, wbieh was woven perpendieularly before tbe weaver,
from below upward (in Egypt, from aboye down): Tela
jugo vineta est: .tameta secern. arutado. InBentur medi-
wn radiiB BUbtemeta acutis. Ovid.
948. STATIO (PBESIDlUlIt), VIGILIA, .EXCUBJE; PORTUS,
NAVALB. Statio, a post, place where soldiers are quar-
tered, in order to watch or defend it; a[so, tbe watching sol-
diers tbemse[ves, a piquet; (as outpost, this was called Pra-
.idium, 139.) Ii, qui pro portiB castrorum ita statiOta6
erant. eres. Marcellus .tatione. prluidiaque dispo-
suit, ne quiB impetus in castra fieri p088el. Liv. Vigilia,
night-watch, watch, tbe keeping watch in the oigbt for secu-
rity's sake, especially in die camp, on account of whieh the
oight was divided into four equal parts (prima-quarta vi-
gilia); in the plural, the watching soldiers, so[diers on guard,
contradistinguished from Stationes, day-watehes, guards:
Fore, ut minus intental in custodiam urbis diurnal stationes
ac nocturnal "igUial C88ent. Liv. E:z:cbial, the watch-
ing without doors, the camp,. generally during night; also
those who are on guard: Vigilum e:z:cttbii. obBidere por-
tas. Virgo Vino madentes ex c u b i a. C[audian. - S t a t i o,
an anchorage, place where vessels may ride at anchor; Por-
tus, haven, port, for the reception and protection of vessels:
Appius naves ad ostium portus in stalione habere ca-
pito Liv., ride at anchor. Na"ale, a wharf where vesseIs
are built, docks, where repaired, and a naval port, naval ar-
sena[: Naves Ar,tiatium in n a val i a Roma subduclfZ. Liv.
949. STERILIS, INFEcuNDus. St e ri lis, sterile, that whieh
does not bearfruit,designates the effect; Infecundus, des-
ignates tbe cause, the want of productive power, energy:
Sterilis vacca, arena; Prineeps itafecunditati terra-
rum obviam iit. Tac.
950. STOMACHARI, INDIGNARI, !RASCI, SUCCENSERE. Sto-
machad, being angry, is the displeasure (stomachus) at iD-
justice, wrong; Indignad, 540, becoming indignant, dis-
pleased, a less internal disp[easure at unworthy treatment ;
Ir.asci, enraging, being enraged, the etrect, the breaking
out, as violent effeet of that displeasure, risen to a high de-
gree; Succensere, beingagitated and in great rage, desig-
nates the continuation of the slate of mind excited by wrong :
Amariorem me .eneetus fact: t 9 m a e h o r omnia. Cie. Et
casum nBontiB mecum indil.nabar amin. Virgo Ira.-
951. Stramentum. 953. Sub. 393
cimur intempestive accedentibus aut impudente,. rogallti-
bus. Cie. Ex perfidia el malitia dii kominibus irasci et
Buccensere consuerunt. Id.
951. STRAMENTunr, PALEA, GLUMA, Acus. Slramen-
tum, poet. Slramen, straw of blades; Stramentis incu-
bat undeoctoginta annos nata.'. Hor. P a 1 e a, ehaff', threshed
husks and stntw leaves: Palea jactantur inanes. Virgo
Glma, the husk around the grain, in its natural state;
A cus, Gen. ACeNs, the pointed, hair-like prolongation of the
ears: Gluma, folliculus grani. Varr. Argilla mixto acere
e frument.o. Id.
952. STUDERE, OPERAM DABE, VACARE LITERIS, DISCERE.
Studere liteN8, arti, 433, a 8cience, art, desig-
nates the zealolls endeavour of becoming master of it; Ope-
ram d.are, taking pains, designates the exertion in doing so;
Vacare, having leisure for sciences, the time whieh we
employ for the study; Di8cere, learning: Studium est
animi assidua et t'ehemens ad aliquam rem applicata magna
cum voluptate occupatio, ut philo8oplia, poetica!, literarum.
Cie. Qui eloque7ltia vera d a t o p e r a m, dat prudentia. Id.
Athenis domicilium remanet studiorum. quibus vacant
cives. Id.
953. SUB, SUBTER, INFRA, Sus, SUSUM, SURSUM, SUPER,
SUPRA. Sub, under, in the direetion toward the lower part
of a thing, with the Aeeusative; with the Ablative, under, of
the situation of a higher object aboye or elose by: Su b m o n-
tem 8uccedere; sub muro consistere. Creso Sub vespe-
rum portas claudere. Id., toward, c10se to evening. Sub
literas Lepidi 8tatim recitata sunt tUa!. Cie., immediately
after. In eompounds, Sub signifies under, e. g. 8ubcenturio;
upward, from belolD up, e. g. subvehere, 8ubire; close by,
approaehillg, e. g. succedere; and from below up toward us, up-
ward, e. g. subnasci; henee, imperceptibly, under the hand,
secretly, a little, in subdolus, subviridi8, 8ubtristis. Sub-
ter, under, belolD, opp. supra; in a region below, moving
along in the direetion under the lower surface of a higher
objeet: Grue8 dormiunt capile sllbter alam condito. Plin.
Omnesferre subter densa tesludine casus. Virgo In-
fra, below downward, in the direction to, toward tbe lower
side of a higher objeet: Infra Salurni 8tellam Jovis stella
fertur. Cie. Infra scriptum esto Id., as postscript. Sus, in
. compounds, otherwise SlIsum, generolly Sursum, up, up-
wards: Susque deque ferre, not caring for it SUSpOR.
964. Subinde. 956. S!#c:ere.
dire, hanging up, hanging, i. e. suspending: Tignis nidum
6u8pendit /lirondo. Virgo SU8pensus, suspended, anx-
ious, irresolute: Civitas suspen6a metu, between fear and
hopeo Nares, eo quod omnis odor ad 8upera fertur, recte
6ur8um 8unt. Cie., going upward. Super, over, there-
over, beyond: Super terra tumulum statuere columellam.
Ce. Requiescere fronde 8uper viridi. Virgo Supra,
over, above, situate toward the upper side of a thing,opp. in-
fra: Mare supra terram esto Cie. Muros supra cele-
ra modum altitudini8 emunitus erat. Liv. Tibi ea polli-
ceor, qua 8upra 8cripsi. Cic., aboye, locallJ.
954. SUBINDE, INTERDUJ\I, IDENTIDEM. Subinde, imme
diately after, the ease may happen once or repeatedly: Hao
sedata contentione ala 8ubinde exorta esto Liv. Trma&-
fisga dimi8si eum donis, ut 8ubinde, ut quaque re8 nOl1a
decreta esset, exploratam perferrent. Id., every time immedi-
tuelyafter. Interdum, sometimes, now and tben: Inter-
dum jio Jupiter, quando lubet. Plaut. Identidem, at
repeated times, one time upon lhe other: Animadvertit so-
rorem sponsi nomen appellantem identidem. Cie.
955. SUBSTITUERE, SUFFICERE, SUBROGARE; SUPPONERE,
SUBJICERE, SUBDERE. Substituere, plaeing instead of
another; Sufficere, 286; Subrogare, proposing a per-
son to the people for election, in the place of another (asking,
begging the people): Nunc pro te Verrem 8ubstituisti
alterum civitati. Cie., a second Verres, worse, perhaps, than
tbou arto Valerius nec collegam subrogaverat in loeum
Bruti. Liv. - Supponere, laying under: anatum ova galo
lins. Cie. Dea Paridis arbitrio formam corporum suorum
8upposuerunt. Cie., subjeeting. Testamenta amicorum ne
exspectas quidem, atque ipse supponis. Id., falsely substi-
tuting. Subjicere, throwing under, signifies the same,
only with less eare: gallinis ova. Plin.; cervices suas seeuri;
bona civium voc praconis. Cic. Testamenta s u b ji c i u n t.
Id. But, Subjiciunt se homines imperio alieujus et potes
tati. Cie., not supponunt. Subdere, putting under, below,
to the lower part, in the sense of add ing: Jugo 8 u b d i d i t
leones. Plin. S eu /tonores s u b d e r e spiritus potuerunt.
Liv., nnimating, inspiring. Majestatis crimina subdeban-
tur. Tac., eharging falsely with it.
956. SUFFICERE, SUPPETERE, SUPPEDITARE. Sufficere
(putting under close to it), giving assistance, fumishing help,
comfort, e. g. umbras pastoribus. Virg., is also used as intran-
957. Slfffrago. 960. Supplieatio. 395
sitive for being in a eondition to serve us in what we want,
suffieing: Nee jam vires su,ffieere cuiquam, nee ferre
operis laborem posse. CIIlS., they are not suffieient. SeribDl
su,ffieere non potueru.nt. Ce., they eould nol write enough.
Su,pp e t ere, eoming close up to it, being there for use, ready
for want: Pauper non est, cui rerum su,ppetit U8U8. Hor.
Nec jam arma noslris, nee vires suppetunt. CIIlS., they
have none left. Suppeditare (!lee 690), of things, being
in suffieient quantity: Parare ea, qUDl suppedite71t a
cultum el ad victum. Cie. ManubiDl vi:r: in fundamenta fani
suppeditavere. Liv.
957. SUFFRAGO, POPLES. Suffrago, the bend or curve
of the hnd-quarters, also of hirds: Aves, ut quadrupedes, alas
in priora curvant, su,ffragines in posteriora. Pln. Po-
ples, knee-hollow, the part of the leg behind and oppsite to
the knee, with men and animals: Elepltas poplites intUB
jlectit, hominis modo. Plin.
958. SULCUS, LIRA, PORCA, ELIX, CoLLICIE. Sulcu,s,
furrow, as impression, deepening; L ira, the side of the
furrow, made by the board of the plough; Porca, the ele-
vation made by ploughing, and its su rfaee; El i x, a water-
furrow, gully; ColliciDl, a gutter, or the ditch into which
the gullies empty, also the gutter of the roof, whieh otherwse
is called DeliquiDl.
959. SUMTUS, IMPENSA, IMPENDlUM. Sumtu" expense,
by whieh our own fortune is diminished; Impensa, ex-
penses, incurred to obtnin something, or to effect it; Impen-
diu,m, the expenses, costs, which are paid, inasmuch as they
are eonsidered as loss; hence, also, the interests we have to
pay upon borrowed capital: Sumlum in rem militarem fa-
cereo Cie. Serv, qtti opere rustico facitt1tdo face Slt m t u m
e:r:ercenl BUum. Ter., gaining baek the expenses. Araliones
magna impensa, magno instrumento tuebatur. Cie. Qtuu-
tum sibi instituit sine impendio. Id.
960. SUPPLICATIO, GRATULATIO, OBSECRATIO. Suppli-
catio, 748, a public, extraordinary feast of prayer and
thanksgiving, when all the temples were open, processions
and prayers were held, games exhibited, and lectislernia were
prepared for the gods; as feast of joy and thanks cspeeially,
it was called Gratulalio (properly, wishing joy, gratula-
tion: Sera gratulatio reprehend non ,olet. Cie.), gener-
alIy in honor of an absent general, on aeeount of great victo-
rles; Ohecratio (properly, a 80lemn prayer for merey
396 961. Supremus. 964. Suspicio.
and grace" of the godsl, as public feast oC prayer to divert
jmpending evil, which, for instance, WIlS Ceared on aeeount
of bad signe: Q/Ulniam ad omnia pullJi71aria npplicatio
decreta est, celebratote illos dies cum c07ljugilnu ac liben.
vutru. Cic. Gratulationem luo nomine ad omnia deo-
nun templa feemus. Id. Civitas religiosa, in principiil
flUUi7lle novorum bellorum, s u p p 1 i e a t i () n i h u s habitu jam,
el. ob,ecratione circa omnia pulvinaria jacta, ludos Jooi
donumque VOlJere consulem jussit. Liv.
961. SUI'REMUS, SUMMUS, MAXIMUS. Supremu8, the
highest, supreme in relation to lower ones: Supremu, vitm
dies, the day of death as the last, highest end of life, as we
saya high age; Summus, the highest, greatest, most per-
fect, with relation to high and superior ones: Summum, quo
nihil ,it superius. Cie. Graeehus omnia infima summi,
paria jeet. Id.; not supremus, whieh designates the highest
point. Virit ad sum7llam senectutem. Id. S.mma salus
re publica!; SU71lma Te, publica. Id. (not sUflma rri pulJ-
licm.) Supremus and Summus designate only the third
dimension from the base to the vertex; M azimus, the
greatest, largest, extension in aIl direetions or dimensions,
snd intensively the highest degree snd superiority of strength :
Reseripsi epistola! maxima!. Audi nune de minuscuIa. Cie.
M admlts dolor brevis est; summu, dolor pIures dies
manere non potest. Id.
962. SURGERE, EXSURGERE, EXORIRI, EXSISTERE. Sur-
gere, rising, giving one's self a direetion upward, rising from
a Iying or sitting posture: e leeto, a menlla; EZllurgere,
rising frolD the place where we were Iying or sitting: Afanus
mihi dale, ersurgite a genibus ambm. Plaut.; hence, risiDg
again, as to eondition, rising, as to the career of a persoD or
thing: Auctoritate vestra res publica exsurget et in aliquo
statu folerabili eonsistet. Cie. Exoriri, originating out of,
coming forth, making one's or its Rppesranee: Exoriare
aliquis nostri, ex ossibus ullor. Virgo Sol exorien,. Id.
EXllilltere, 414, stepping forth.
963. Sus, PORCUS, VERRES, APER. SUB, hog, Dame of
the genus, of wild Rnd dOIDestie swine: Immundi ,ues. Virgo
PQreus, fem. Porea, a young,or at least DOt old, tame
hog: Porco bimestri. Hor. Verre" a boar, uneut;
Aper, the wild hog, wild boar: Erymanthius.
964. SUSPICIO, CONJECTURA, CONJECTIO. Su,picio, the
auspieion, that behind the external appearance of a thing
965. Tabula. 966. Talus.
397
tbere is conceated which is not clearly percepti-
ble; active, BUBlucion which we have; pa,BVe, suspician
created _by a. tblOg: Su,picio artificii apud eos, qui res
judieant, oraton ad"er,aria e,t. Cic. Irifidelitatis 8Uspici-
onem sustinere. Cms. Conjectura, conjecture, a suppo-
sition on grounds of probability upon facts, a conjectured
opinion, judgment: Ex ipsa re eonjeeturam jeem",.
Ter. C o nj e e t i o, the guessing, the interpretation: ,o,..i-
orum. Cic.
T.
965. TABULA, PICTURA; TABULATUM, TABULATIO, CON-
T1GNATIO. Tabula, a picture, as body, substance, i. e. !he
tablet, &e. on which something is painted: Tabulaa
,netas eolloeare in bono lumine. Cic. Pictura, painting,
as process, the picture, as product of art: Pie t u r a in ta-
bula, textilis. Cic. - Tabula, a board; Tabulatum, a
story of a building, because too stories are divided by boards :
Thrris tabulatorum quatuor. Creso Tabulatio, the
ftooring, the boarding of a story: Ne tela miasa t a bu 1 a t i 0-
nem perfringerent. Creso Contignatio, the juncture or
joining of the beams for a 600r or roof; also the bt>ams thuB
joined tOOmselves: Ea e o n t i g n a t i o, qUlIl ttwri tegimento
esset futura. Cms. -
966. TALUS, CALX; TESSERA, ALEA; TESSERA, TESTA.
TiUus the ankle-bone; Calx, the ankle (with
tite idea of tightness, hardness; hence, CalClllus, a Httle stone,
and CaUis): Amietus atque usque ad talos demissa purpu-
ra. CIC. Nudis calcibus anguem premere. Juvenal.-
TiHus, the ankle-bone of the hind-feet of quadrupeds with
cloven hoofs, which unites the shin with the foot, and, used
as dice, had marks on the four flat sides only; one was
marked with 1, Uno s. As, the opposite with 6, Senio, the
two others with 3 and 4, terno, quaternio; Te 88 e r a (Tia
UE(lIJ, neut.), a die (of cubic form), with al! sU: sides marked.
The ancients played with four tali, and with three
the luckiest throw with the lali, was, if each one showed a
ditrerent number; with the tesserce, if they presented three
sixes; these best throwB were called Venus; Canu was the
worst throw, when each talus showed the IlUDe number,or
34
96'7.
eaeh teuera presented ao ..48: Nobi& e:e ffIUltu t (lo
lo. relinquunt el teuera.. Cie.' Ut quiaqtMJ Canem aut
Senionem miBerat, in sirtgtdo8 talos nngulo. deaario. in
fMclium conferebat: quoa tollebat univer8ol, qKi Venerem
jecerat. Suet. ..4 lea, game at dice, in general: Jacta alea
.10. Suet., let the die be thrown! let 's dare the throw 1- Tu-
_ lera, a small tablet, mark, marked among IIOldiel'8 with the
watchword, by whieh those on guard knew their party; with
those who stood in the relation of hospitality, to know agaio
their friends: Tesseram conferre si vis hospitalem, eccam
attuli. Plaut. Te s t a, an earthen vessel, a fragment of it,
espeeially as verification, proof (testis) of voters and persons
io the relation ofhospitality: Testarum suffragia. Nep.
967. TANGERE, TRACTARE, PALPARE; TANGIT, SPECTAT,
PERTINET, ATTINET. Tangere, touehing, used oC a light
collision of two bodies: aliquem digito; NOR o700ia dieam et
z.iter unumquodque tangam. Cie. Tractare, touching
repeatedly and on several sides, with more surfaoe oC too
fiDgers or hand (in German betasten; in English we have no
single word to express the sense of tractare, but it is in part
in the words fingering, handling, grabbing, fumbling, though
eaeh of tbese bas an additional and speeifie meaning): Seu
puer unetis t r a e t a vi t ealicem manibus. Hor.; bence, treat-
ing of a subjeet: artem ,nusicam. Ter.; gubernacula rti pub-
lica!. Cie. P a 1 par e, patting, caressing by stroking with tbe
palm: Tauros peetora prabet palpanda manu. Ovici.-
Tangit me res, cura, it touehes me, designates a very near,
sensible, and personal interest; Sp eetat me, it has reference
lo me, I am interested in it, tbe object for wbich the thing is
intended; Pertinel ad me, it belongs to my province, has
referenee to me, a nearer relation of tbe tbing to me: Bene-
ficia, qua ad singulos spectant; qUa! ad univers08 perti-
nent. Cie. .dttinet ad me, it relates to me, a relation to
me only in a certain respect: Ineensus sludio, quod ad agnaa
colendum attinet. Cie. Ego, quod.ad me attinet, ta-
ceo. Id.
968. TANTISPER, TAMDJU. Tantiaper, so long as, 80
long until, designates tbe idea while, during; Tamdiu, so
long as, desiguates lhe wearisome duration: Latendum tan-
tisper ibidem, dum deJervescat hae gratulatio. Cie. Totos
diea 8cribo; tanti8per impedior. Id. Ego te abfwl6
tamdiu a nobi& dolui. Id.
969 . TEGERE, ()PERIRR. _ CoOPERIRE; TEGUMENTU)I(, OPER-
970. Tel ...
CULUM, TEcToRJUM. Tegere, covering, with a covar, for
protection and safety; Ope rire (ib- perire) , covering onr,
covering antirely. with tha cover of a vessel, for instance,
opp. operire; Cooperire, covering all over: FerlB Zatibtdil
Be tcgunt. Cic. Cui pellis humeros operit. Virgo Ubi
abiere intro, operuere ostium. Ter. Opertus d e ~
el infamia. Cic. Cooperire aliquem lapidibus. Liv.-
Tegumentum, the covcr serving to cover over: Tcg ..
menta corporum .veZ texta vel sul.a. Cic. Operculum, a
cover, with which a vessel is covered. or which is placed over
sorne article: CadUB lBreo obluratos operculo. Plin. Tec-
torium, a coat of liquid with which a body is covered,
painted over: Ex columna tectoriam vetUB deZitum est, el
novum induclum. Cic.
970. TELl1M, TORMENTUM, HASTA, SARISSA, LANCEA,
G.a;:SUM, SPARUS, TRAGULJ., FRAMEA, PILUM, SPJCULUM,
SAGITTA, JACULUM, FALARICA, VERUTUM. TeZum, 104, an
offensive arm in general, arms which wound; Tormentum,
a projectile thrown from' a machine for projection: Tant1Ull
prima acies aberat, uti ne in eam teZum tormenlumve
adigi posset. Creso Has t a (originally a pole, branch; Teu-
tonic Asl), a pike, of the Roman hastati, with the iron, four-
teen feet long; Sdrissa. the long, Macedonian apear;
Lancea, the lance, which was also thrown; GlBBum, the
light sud short huoting-javelin of the Gallic mountaineers; it
was thrown: Jere pasloraZi "abiiu, agrestibus tcUs, faZci-
bus glBsisque armati. Liv. Spdrus and Sparum, a
spear with a long thin point; similar is TriiguZa, a short
javelin: Galli inter carros rotasque mataras oc tragula,
subjiciebant, nostrosque vulnerabant. Cres. Fr i. m e a, the
short spear of the Germanic tribes: Rari gladii, out majan.
bus lanceis utuntur hastas, vel i]lsorum vocabulo fra.
meas, gerunt, angusto et brevi ferro, sed ita acri et ad U81UII
Aabili, 1 eodem telo vel cOfllinus vel eminua pugnent. Tac.
Pilum, the spear ofthe Romao foot, the wood five feet and
a balf, of wild cherry (cornUB), and the poiot three quarten
of a foot, of the thickness of a finger, which Marius, however,
onJe.red to be made shorter and somewbat lika an angle, so
tbat it could not be talten out of tha woundad body without
lacerating it. Every heavily.armed man bad two pila, with
the throwing of which the battle began. Cres. 1,52. Spi.
c",lum, every point, the iron point of the spear or arrow, and
the spear or arrow tself; Sdgitta, arrow: Alexander
400
9'71. Temeritas. 975. Testis.
gitta ictUI est, qua in medio erure foa reliqueral spicu-
Zvm. Curto Jaculum, a javelin, as general name; FtiZi-
rica, a larger throwing spear, whieh was throwo'by ma-
chines, sometimes also by the band; Vriitum, a spear
.imilar to the v eru (spit), whieh penetrated deeply: Pi lis
plerisque in scula, ver u t i s in corpora ipsQ fixis. Liv.
971. TEMERITAS,INCONSIDERANTIA. Tmritas,thought-
lessness, which aels without refleetion, with haste and boldness
or temerity, opp. sapientia: Multifaciunt mulla temerita-
e e quadam, sine judicio veZ modo, veZ repentino quodam im-
petu animi concitati. Cie. Inconsiderantia, waot of
refleetion and thought, of proper eonsideration, inconsiderate-
Dess: Milonis in hoc uno inconsiderantiam ego susti1le-
110, ut potero. Cie.
972. 'fEMPEsTAS, PROCELLA. Tempcstas, the time, as
quality, the season, and the weatber, bad weather, storm,
tempest: Fmda tempestas, cum grandine ac tonitribus
ereZo dejecta. Liv. Procella, the storm, whieh pushes
along, makes quake, the bigh gale of wiod at sea: Tempes-
tates sunt imbres, nimbi,procella, lurbines. Cie.
973. TENTORIUM, TABERNACULUlIf. Tentorium, the
tent of extended eloth, skins, as in aRoman eamp (sub pelli-
bus durare. Liv.). Tiberius sl1![Je sine ten t o ri o pernocta-
bato Suet. Tibernaculum, every lightIy built hut or tent
ereeted ooly for a passing purpose, for protection against rain
or sunbeams; also of the eamp tents and camp huts: Ha1t-
raibal profectus est no ele, 1 a b e r 11 a e u l s paucis in specien&
rilictis. Liv.
974. TERERR, FRICARE, TERGEBE, VERRERE. Terere.
rubbing off; lapidem lapide, lignum ligno; i.
crea )ruges, threshing; viam, stepping 00 the way. Fri-
eare, rubbing, in produeing a feeliog on so animate body,
and in' making smooth: caput, corpus oleo; Sus f r i c a t Gr-
bore costas. Virgo Tergere, wiping, drying or deaning
by wiping: Hic leve argentum, vasa aspera tergea' al-
ter. Juvenal. Verrere, sweepiog with a broom, bnJsh:
Ver r e pavimentum, nitidas ost/mde columnalJ. Juvenal.
975. TESTIS, ARDiTER, CONSClUS; TESJ'ARI, TESTIPlCARI,
ANTESTARI; TESTAMENTUM, CODICILLI. Testis, 125 (pl'Op-
erly,one who himself is a proof, testa, 966, of the truth of
thing), the witness, as eonfirming: Mearum ineptiarum
tis el spectator. Cie. Arbiter, the observing witness,
listener,93. Conltcius, oue who knows of somethiog,
"'.
976. Tuere. 978. Tignum. 401
person privy to a tbing, o. felIow-criminal: ACtUator ejru
facinoris multos dirJ:erit testes et conscios esse. Ad He
renn.- Testari, beeoming a witness, giving evidenee, and
testifying to one's last will, direeting by testament: Campu
sepulcris prdJlia testatur. Hor. Testor omnes deos. Cie.,
calling upon all tbe gods as witnesses: De fili pupill re
testad. Id. Testificad, ealling upon one as witness,
and proving by one's own assertion, by effieient proofs: Deos
hominesque testificor, me tibi pradixisse. Cie. Feci hoc
telltificandi amoris mei causa. Id. Antestari, ealling
upon one to be witness, in doing wbieh, the person who called
upon tbe otber, touehed bim by the ear-Iap: Inclamat: Liul
antestari'! Ego vero oppono auriculam. Hor.- Testa
mentum, the testament, as legal written direetion, by whieh
a person pronounces bis last will respeeting bis property,
the actions be im poses upon bis beirs: Mulier t e s t a m en t o
heredem feeit filiam. Cie. Codicilli, a direetion in form
of a letter, in whieb tbe te8tator requested tbe beir, already
appointed by tbe testament, to do one or anotber tbing after
the testator's death, to paya legaey, &c.; an addition to the
testament: Seneca sine ullo foneris solemni crematur. ita
codicillis prascripserat. Tae.
976. TEXERE, NERE. Tea:ere, weaving, making a tissue,
designates tbe alternating covering of the tbread, and, in gen
eral, tbe eonnexion, juneture of parta braided and entwined
with one another: telam; fiscinam virgis; earinam; PaulluB
basilieam tea:uit iisdem antiquis columnis. Cie. Ner ..
spinning, and weaving (eonneeted witb. the Teutonie n4l,
oear, nCihen, bringing near togetber, keeping it so, sea Nee-
terIJ, 637): N e r u n t fatales fortia fila Dea. Ovid. na..
cam, molli mater quam neverat auro. Virgo '.
977. TIBIA, FISTULA. Ti b i a, the flute, a Btraigbt reecl
with holes bored in it, into whieh the air was blown at the
upper end in a .traight direetion, not as is the case with our
commOD flute: Tibia dea:tra unum habet foramen, ,inis",,,,
duo:' q1Ulrum unum acutu1n sonum habet, alterum gravetn.
Varr. The tibicen played two flutes at the same time. Fis.
tula; the shepherd's or PaD's flute, consisting oC from three
to saven reeds, one by the other, and suecessively sbortened:
Dispar .eptenill fi.tula cannis. Ovid.
978. TIGNUM, TBABS. Tignum, the hewn beam, a piece
oC material; Trabs,old Trabe8, the beam before
it has been uoder the bands of the carpenter, aIso as tree :
34-
9'79. nrocinium. 981. Toga.
Sordida terga SUI, nipo pendentia tigno. Ovid. Iliner8
duo, qua ad portum jerebant, maximis prO'ji:cis trabi6."
atque eis prceacu.ti., prtUepit. Creso &CUribU8 CtA!sa accidea-
,el abiegna ad terra", trabea. Cie.
979. TIROCINIUM, RUDIMENTUM, ELEMENTUM. Tirad-
ni um. the oceupatioD of an apprentice, apprentieeship, the
years of this period, the proof.piece to be made by BO BP--
prentice: Ti r o ci n i u m ponere el documentul1 eloquentia:
dare. Liv. R ud i In e n t ti m. the firsl prinei pies, tirst nstrue-
lion in ao art, as means of wl.ruding, removing rudeness,
524:' Imbutus rudimentis militial. Yell. Elementum,
the original substance, first elements of a scienee or braneb
ol knowledge: Aqua valentissimum elementum e ~ Iux;
fui,se primum putat Tltales. Senee. BUJc forsitan pueroruna
elementa tideantur. Cie.
980. TITULUS, INDEX. Titulus, inseription, by whieh
we know what a thing is or eontains: libri legis, imaginis;
the name of one's offiee, also an assumed name of something
high, pretext: Consulem requirebam, qui tlJmquom truncu
atque stipes, posset 8U8tinere tamen titulum consulalU8. Cie.
Titulu7n belli praltendere. "Liv. Index, indicator, index,
that which betrays something: Vultus in dices oculi. Cie.,
the book.title, which indicates the contenta.
981. TOGA, STOLA, PALLA, TRABEA, PALLIUM, SAGU.,
PALUDAMENTUM, CHLAIIIYS, LENA, weERNA, P ENULA.
Over.garments are: Toga, the solemn dress, or full dress
article of the Romans in times of peaee, a white, round man-
tle, whieh was thrown over the head, and eovered ihe whole
body from the shoulders down to the knees, for men and
women: Pads esl insigne el otii toga. Cie. Toga p r ~
t6%ta, with a purple stripe around the lower end, for free cit-
izens' ehildren, priests, and superior magistrates; virilis,
pura, recta, commtmis, the simple while toga, from the seven-
teenth year; candida, eolored with ehalk, worn by those who
eleetiolleered for high offiees (candidati), and at festivals;
pulla, 119, sordida, the unwashed and woru off toga, used by
aeeused persons. S t j la, the wide, folded gOWIl, down to
the ankles, with pointed sleeves, woro by married ladies of
dstinction, a tunica, below with 11 wide, full flounee (instita);
Palla, the equally long lady's manlle,open in front, and
kept togelher by hooks, wom over the stola: Ad talos sl o 1 a
aemissa et circumdata palla. Hor. TriJ6eG, a mantle
round the body, opeo in front, and kept togetber aboye by a
982. Torquere. 983. Torris. 403
hook and a noose, white, with \vide purple stripes, a dress of
honor of the knights, of scarlet for augurs and images of
gods: Trabeati equites. Tac. Pallium, Ibe Greek
mantle, wide and comfortable, peculiar to pbilo!lopbers; Sil-
gum, tbe soldier's mantle, of a square piece of coarse
clotb, and hooked together on the breast, also for farmers,
&c.: Sagulo gregali amictus. Liv. Consulares togati so-
lent esse, quum est in sagis civilas. Cic. Piilitdamen-
tum, tbe warrior's, especially tbe general's, mantle, differing
from Ihe sagum in length, substance, and color: Coccum in&-
peratoriis dit:atum paludamentis. Plin. Chlamys, tbe
Greek 8Qgum, sborter and closer. Cloaks against rain aDd
for travelling, of closer texture, are: Lama, long and wide,
was also worn over the toga; Liicerna, lined witb fringes,
and provided with a cap (cucullus) to cover the bead; P a-
nula, also Penula, very similar to the toga, only c10ser and
aborter, sometimes also of leather (scortea), and at the upper
end witb a cover for the head.
982. TORQUERE, ANGERE, CRUCIARE, FATIGARE. Tor-
quere, turning, bending, twisting, throwing witb a sling, be-
cause this is turned or wbeeled around before the missile is
tbrown, e. g. funem, capillos, jaculum; and racking, plaguing,
tormenting: In dolore est, qui t o r q u e t u r. Cie. A n g e r e,
flarrowing Ihe tbroat, throttling: gutlur; causing anguish:
Angor animo, tlon consilii armisegere rem publicam. Cie.
Cruciare (crucifying), cruelly tormenting: vigiliis el fame.
Ce. Tua libidines te torquent; tu dies noctesque cru-
ciaria. Id. Torquere, designates the exeruciating pain,
eontinually rising; Angere, the same, oppressing, as ir
Cruciare, tbe same, as subjecting to torture,
ehanging degrees of violence. Fatigare (Jatis, 10), driv-
ing down, oceupyng to fatigue, exhaustion, worrying: Mi-
lites magno astu fatiga ti. Creso Sicarii, jures, pecula-
tores sunt vinclis et verberibus fatigandi. Cic.
983. TORRIS, TITIO. Torris, a firebrand, as a dry body
easily ignitable, a burning piece of wood; Titio (belongs to
tada), as a body which eontains and gives fire: Funerm.w
torrem conjecit in ignis. Ovid. Rapit mediis flagran-
tem ab aria prunicium torrem. Id. Quum e foco in
titione ex felici arbore ignis allatus esset. Varr. Ar-
dentem titionem gerens. Appul. Fomenta calida 8wa1
eatineti titiones, involuti panniculis, et 8ic eircumdati.
Cela.
404
984. n-n.. 987. TrepitlGlio.
984. TRANS, ULTRA. Tran., 783, 829, 00 tbe otber
side, along aboye that wbich is tbis side to that whieh ia _00
the other side; Ultra, tbe other side, beyood tbat which ia
00 tbe otber side: Trans Tiberim horto. parare. Cie.
Ariovutus prlZter castra ClZsa1'8 BUa8 el
millilnu palsuum duohus u 1 t r a eum castra fecit. Cms., first
he bad the eamp of Cresar on thia side; now he encamped
far beyond it, on tbe olher side.
985. TRANSGREDI, TRANSIRE, TIUNSMITTERE, TauICEU ;
- TRANSITl1S, TlUJECTUS. With reference to seas and rivera,
Transgredi signifies passing, a slow, considerate motioo;
Tt-ansire, the common or also quieker movement: CUtJ&
quilnu copiis prlZtor in Corsicam transgre,su. bellum
gereret. Liv. Cras8U8, ni8i eguisset, nunquam Euphrt.ea,
1,ulla helli causa, transire volui8set. Cie. Tra1utmittere,
sending over, causiog to be carried over; and passing, sailing
over, referring to our own aetivity, and the final object on tbe
otber side: Ad ftumen quum esset tlentum, ezercitus uleriter
transmittitur. Creso Cur Pythagoras tot maria tran
misit'! Cie. Sali8 constabat fama, jam lberu.m Pamo.
transmisisse. Liv. -Trajicere, thro.wing over, carrying
over, getting over; and, if se is supposed to have been left
out, passing over; it is used rather of the passive atate of the
passing person: Dum elephanti trajiciuntur. Liv. Si
quo casu Isaram se trajecerint. Cie. Hannihal TagtM
amnem vado trajecit. Liv., that is, with mueh trouble.-
Transilus, the passage: Clauso transitu ftumini8. Liv.
Tr aj e c tus, tbe passing over: Inde eral brevi8simu.s iI&
Britanniam transjectus. Creso
986. TRANSVERSUS, OBLIQUUS, LIMUS. Tran'tler, ,
eross, lying aerOBS, passiog aeross through, waen one line in.
tersects the otber in a rigbt angle: Urbis parles una lata "ia
perpetua, 'IJIultisque lransversis di-visee sunt. Cie. Ob.
liquus, oblique, when tbe line across tbe other does nol in
tersect it in a right-angle, going sideways: Montem ohliquo
itinere petebant. Creso Limus, crooked, that wbich has
another direction than .that which it ougbt to have: Adspicito
limis ocuZis, ne ilZe nos se videre senliat. Plaut., squinting.
987. TREPIDATIO, TERROR. Trepidati-o, trepidation,
shaking, anxiety, whieh maoifests itself by movements and
actions which have no object (properly, too trippling); Ter.
ror, fright, the involuntary affectioll of our whole system,
produeed by sudden pereeption of great danger, and of whieh
--
988. Tribus. 405
Trepidatio may be a consequence: .tEqlli tanto cum tu-
multu intlasere .fines RQmatlos, ut ad llrbem quoquP, terro-
rem pertulerint, np.co1Jinata etiam res plus trepidationi,
fecit, quod nihil minus timeri poterat. Liv.
988. TRIBUS, CURIA, CLASSIS j TRIBUTunI, VECTIGAL;
TRIBuTAmus, VECTIGALlS, SflPENnIARJUS. Tribus, a tribe,
national tri be, or branch of a nalion, of which Rome had
originally three, each in a different quurter of the city; al
later periods, the number of divisions called trihes amounted
to thirty-five: Age.r Romanus primum ditisus in part/'.$ tres;
a quo tribus appellatO! Ramnensium, Tifiensium, Lucerum.
Varr. Curia, u number of ten noble {Jpnf('s; also tbe tem-
ple oi' a curia, where they meto Rome originully contained
three hUlldred of these gen fes (which see), therefore thirty
curiO!, of which there were in each trilms ten: Romulus quum'
populum in curias triginta didderet, l/omina curiis im-
posuit. Liv. Curia Saliorum in Palatio. Cic. Classis,
a division of Roman citizens according to property. Afler
King ~ r v i u s had ordained the census, according lo which
each citizen should accurately slate the amount of his prop-
erty, bis age, and family, he placed the knights at lhe head,
as the riehest j the other citizells, wllo served on foot io the
fielcl, were, according to their property, divided ioto five
classes, these again into centuries, !'o tbat the whole people,
including those who had no property at all, and who formed
but one centUl'y, cOllsisted of one hundred and ninety-three
centuries, each one with one vote in elections of magistrates,
the adoption of proposals for IIlWS, Illld other chief political
measures j but the knights wilh Ihe first class were stronger
than the rest together, because they wCl'e divided into a Ola-
jority of centuries. Thus Ihe richest citizens had to pay
mas! taxes, bu! had I.ikewise the greatest influence in govem-
ment. Cie. Rep. 2,2'2., Liv. 1,4:1.- Tribtltm, the con-
tributioll which llch eitizen paid loward lhe expenses of gov-
eroment j at the beginnillg, one hundred asses annually;
from the times of Servius, according 10 proportion of his
property (cen.ms): Unius 'imperatoris (Paulli .tEmilii) prO!dtJ
jinem aUulit tributorum. Cic. Vectigal, duty, or all
other taxes besides the tributum, which the state took as rev-
enue, e. g. Ex metallis, Ex salinis, see 907. Neque ez por-
tu, neque e;c decumis, neque ex scriptura ve e t i g al conse1'-
"ari potest. Cie.- Tributarii popllli, \Vere those provin-
cials who as subjects paid to their masters, i. e. the Romans,
406 .
989. Triumphul. 992. 7UbUI.
taxes of the landed property, of the produce of their fielcJ.,
according lo the crop; Veetigales, those who as inhabit-
Ants paid various and changing 18xes to the Romaos as their
sovereigns; Stipendiarii, those who paid I18ttled taxes
oDe year as the otber.
989. TRIUIIIPHUS, OVATIO. TriumphuB, the solemn
entrance and procession of a peculiarly victorious general
into Rome, during which he drove in a magnificent triumphal
car, himself crowned with laurel; Ovatio, the lesser tri-
umph, during whieh the victor, crowned with a myrtle crown,
went on f001 or on horseback into the city, which was granted
for a less importan1 or also for an inglorious war, e.g. against
slaves: Me ovantem et prope triumphantem p0pr..u8
. Romanus in Capitolium domo tulit. Cic.
990. TRUDERE, PELLE RE. Trudere, driving, pushin
wilh violence forward, on; supposes a continued resis18nce
against the power; Pellere, pushing away, giving such an
impulse to a body by repeated blows, that it moyas, though
not any longer in con18ct with the jmpelling power: &cratu
non ad morlem trudi videbatur. Cic. AdlapBa SflgiUa ut,
incertum, qua p u lB a manu. Virgo
991. TUBA, LITUUS, CORNU, BUCCINA. Tuba, trumpet,
a blown instrument, consisting of a straight tube with funnel-
like opening, producing deep yet thrilling sounds, used with
the foot: Milites legionum, non exaudito tubce BOno, tamea
retinebanlur. Creso LituuB, smaller, curved, and of higher,
sharper sound, used with the horse: Inde lit u U s sonitus
efJudil aeutos. Enn. Cornu, the horn, with which signals
(elassicum) near the eDsigns were given: Cornua qUOl nunc
aunt ex cere, tune fiebant bibulo e cornu. Varr. Bueeina,
a horn, wound snail.like, as our cornets, with which the signal
(classieum) for at18ck, beginning of the march, change of
guards, &c. was given in the neighbourhood of the general:
Equitibus denuntiatum, ut ad tertiam b u e e i n a m pr(8$to
68sent. Liv., at the beginning of the third night-watch.
992. TUBUS, CANALIS, FISTULA, SIPHO. T bus, tube,
hollow cylindrical body: Picece ad aquarum ductus in tubos
eavantur. PI in. Canalis, canal, the conduit for the recep-
tion and leading OD of a passing liquid; Fistla, a narro"er
tube, lhrough which a liquid is forcibly carried along and ex-
pelled by the pressure of the Bir; Sipho, a siphon, or tube
to draw the liquid out of a vessel by lifting jt iD the tube, also
a spout through which water rises to sorne height after baving
993. '7Ueri. 996. Turba. 407
leR it: Ductus aqutB fiunf. rivis per e a n a 1 e a structilu, aut
fiatulis plumbeis, seu tubulis fictilibus. Vitruv. Aqua
in aummia jugis interiore apiritu acta el terra rumdere ez.
pressa, siphonum modo emicat. Plio.
993. TUERI, TUTARI, PROTEGERE, DEFENDER E, PROPUG-
NARE; MUNIRE; TUTus, SECURUS. Tueri, 944, keeping
uoder superintendenee and proteetion, guarding against pos-
aible dangers: concordiam; JEdem Castora habuit tuen-
dam. Cje. Ttari, proteeting against real, tbreatening
daogers: Ut pofui, accuratissime te tuamque causam tu t a t u s
lum, Cie. Protegere, proteeting, defending: Africanus
ira aci Allienum scuto prote:dt-. Cie. Locus "avesprote-
gi.t a ventis. Cms. Defend ere, pusbing off, parrying, de-
fendiog; presupposes a real attaek: Hunc defende furo-
rem. Virgo Ah Me periculo defendite civem. Cje. Pro-
pugnare, fighting for sometbjng to proteet jt, taking up
arms for something: BestitB pro 8UO partu ita pro p" g n a n t,
lit vulnera excipiant. Cje. - M n i r e, proteeting by firm-
ness, and by fortifieatioo, surrounding with proteetjon: CtESar
ad fiumen Axonam castra posuit: qUtB res latua unum castro-
nm ripia fiuminis muniehat. Cms. Oppidum natura loci
muniehatur. Id. - Tittus, seeured against daoger and
iojury, proteeted: Testudo ubi collecta in suum tegumen est,
tuta ad omnes ictus esto Liv. Secitrus, he wbo believes
himself safe, without fear, eare: Tu t a scelera esse possunt;
secura non possunt. -Senee.
~ 9 4 . TUllIERE, TURGERE; TUMOR, TUBER. Tumere,
being puffed up, swelled, by vapors, watery parts, gene rally
by disease: Corpus tumet omne veneno. Ovjd. Turgere,
protuberating witb fulness, being swelled with juiee: Jam
ltBto turgent in palmite gemma. Virgo - Tumor, tbe
swelling, e. g. oculorum, crurum; Tither, properly, a trutlle;
a protuberating exerescenee on an animal body, a buneb., a
bol: Colap/1,is tuber est tolum caput. Ter.
995. TURBA, MULTITUDO; TUMULTuS. Turba, a swarm,
especially of meo, witb the idea of disorder: Fugiens deci-
dit prtBdonum in turbam. Hor. Multitudo, tba multi-
tude, great number, merely as number: Quanta fnultitudo,
quanta vis hominum conveniase dicebaturl Cic.- Turba,
goise, eonfusion, wheo every thiog is in wild disorder: Quid
t.rba apud fonm& est 1 q",id litigant 1 Ter. Tumultua,
145, a tumult, a mob, tha jmpetuous ruoniog to aod fro, and
irregular noise of a eoocourse of pcople: Tv.rbtB ac t"mul-
tu. concitatores. Liv.
~
408 996. nnw... 1000. Vallis.
996. TURIBULUM, ACERRA. Turibulum, incensory, ceno
ser; Aeerra, a bol[ for frankinceose: TNribuHs ante
janJUJs po.itu, .tque aceen&o ture. Liv. Aeerra tun.
plena. Hor.
u, v.
997. VALENS, VALlDUS, VEGETUS, VIGENS. Vle,u,
8 9 ~ efficient, strong, as state, opp. imbecillus: Lictore. cir
cum.istunt val e n t i s s i mi. Cic., stroog, powerful lictors.
Vlilidu., powerful, very strong, as quality,opp. infirmus:
Mente minus validus, qllam eorpore toto. Hor. Nondum
e:J: nlOrbo .atis validus.Liv., who is not yet entirely recov
ered; valens est, is manifestatioo of power, he who may
get along again. Vegetus, awake, lively in body aod
miod: mens; Vegetus prt:Escripta ad munia surgit. Hor., oC
the person who just awoke. Exaett:E t:Etalis Camillus erat; .ed
vegetum ingeniuln in vivido pectore vigebat. Liv. Vi
gens, alive, be in wbom tbe active spirits of life show them
selves in body and mind: Homines rationem habent a natura
datam, mente1llque et acrem et v i gen t e m eelerrimeque multa
nmul agitantem. Cic. Arborem dieimtis et novellam et vetu-
lam, et vigere, et seneseere. Id.
998. VALGUS, VARUS, SCAURUS. Valgus, ooe who has
misplaced calves, and lega wbich are bent out below, and io
cline to each other above; Viirus, be wbo bas outwardly
turned lega, so tbat both form the figure of tbe signs of a pa
rentbesis (); Seaurus, who bas large aod disproportionate
ankles, large bony protuberances on the feet: Hune Varum
diawrtis eruribus, illum balbutit Seaurum pravia foltum
moJe tali.. Hor.
999. VALLARE, SEPIRE. Va II a r e, fortifying witbpaUi.
sadoes; Sepire, St:Epire, bedging io, fencing in, aod used
of every sort of marking off and separating Crom othera, a
pieceofground: Vallal"eeastra; vallatu. Bieariia. Cie.
Muria st:Epire templa. Nep. Natura oculos membrani
"estivit et st:Ep.it. Id..
_ 1000. VALLIS, CONVALLlS. Valli., the valley. ... lo\V
situation between two mountains; Con va II i s, suriouaded
witb mountains, a place where many valleys like brancbes
join, a valley right between a number of mountains, baSiD:
1001. y.".. 1002. Va. 409
Roma in montibus posita el convdllibus. Cie. Also, Vi.
CU8 positus in v a 11 e, non magna adjecta planitie, altissimis
montibus undique continetur. Cres., where no attention is bad
to the junetion of several valleys.
1001. VAPOR, EXHALATIO, FUlIlUS, FULIGO. Vapor,
vapor, visible steam of warmed liquids: Vapores, qui a
,ole ex agris tepefactis et ex aq!4i, excilantur. Cie. Exl.'
latio, exhalation, evapomtion, which, more or less visibly,
rises from humid bodies, e. g. of spirituous liquids: Crelum
caliginosu71l t.st propter e x h a la t ion e s terra. Cie. Fi
mus, the smoke; Fligo (for fumiligo), soot, deposit of
tbe smoke on the walls along which it rises: Pumi incendio
orum procul videbantur. CIIlS. .I1dsidua postes fuligine
nigri. Virgo
1002. VAS, VINDEX, PIl.ES, SPONSOR, OBSES; VADIMO.
NIUM PRonUTTERE, FACERE, VADARl. Vas, Gen. Vadis,
bail in a criminal case (causa capitis), who personally ano
awera for the appearance of tbe aeeused at the proper period
for trial: Quum is, qui morti addictus esstt, paucos sibi des
commendandorum SUOTUm causa postulavisset, vas factus est
alter ejus sistendi, ut, si iUe non revertissct, moriendum esset
ipsi. Cie. Vindez, one wbo frees an illegaJly aeeused per-
son from tbe obligation to appear before eourt: Pras, Gen.
Pradis, surety, one wbo guaranties witb his own fortune
the payment of a peraon sentenced to fine, or of a farmer;
Spon,or, 125, 811, one who guaranties sometbing, wbo
gives surety, guaranty, for tbe aetion of othera or bis own ;
used for cases of eommon life; one wbo answera for it:
Pompeius idem mihi testis de voluntate C(JJsaris, et sponsor
est illi de mea. Cie. Obses, a bostage, a peraon given to
the bostile party, in war, as a pledge for the fulfilment of
eontraeted obligations, wbile tbe vas has lo do witb legal
a1faira al borne only: Obsides ut inter sese dent, perficit
(Dumnorix): Sequani, ne itinere Helvetios proAibeant;
Helvetii, ut sine maleficio el injuria transeant. Cres. - Va
dimonium, the assuranee, guarantied by proper persons,
baila, lo appear at tbe fixed time before tbe court; and tbe
appearanee, as well as tbe appointed time; benee, Va-
pror"ittere, promising lo appear; obire,
.i,ere, to appear at the proper and fixed time; deserere,
staying away, not appearing at the proper time, as bad payera.
did; Vadimonium facere, appointing a term, when a.
person has lo appear before court: Qutuivit a te Quinti""
35
410 1003. Vatu. 1006. Vehictdum.
quo die vadimonium ialue factum eue diceru. Re
. l[H1ftdiati, Nonia Februariia. Cie. Vadari, obliging one
to give bail and briog guamoties for the appearunce before
eourt at a eertain term; ealling aoother before eourt, aod
upon him to give bail: Decem vadibus acC'U8ator vadatus
est reum. Liv.
1003. VASTUS, DESERTUS. V (lstus, desolate, waste; the
English has no single word whieh expresses all that valltus in
Latin or ode in German meaos; vastus is that place where
we see no human being far and wide, and no object whieh
might aUmet us: Mona vas tus ab natura et hunIano cultu.
Sall. Desertus, desert, i. e. abaodoned by liviog beings,
by man, looely, whither no ooe goes, where no ooe aoy
longer dwells: solitudo, domus: Genus alfrorum propter pea-
tilentiam vas tum atque desertum. Cie.
1004. UBIQUE, UBIVIS, UBIOBI, UBICUNQUE. Ubique,
everywhere, in all places, eaeh place imaginad mngly: o..-
nes cives Romani, qui adsunt et qui ubique, BUm. Cic.
Ubivis, wherever you ehoose, in every place you may
ehoose or think of: Nemo est, quin ubivi8"qJUlfll ibi,ubi
ut, esse malit. Cie. Ubi ubi, wherever, abandoning any
more accumte determination of locality: Ego illam requirtlfl&
jam, ubiubi esto Plaut. Ubicunque, everywhere, in aIl
aod every places which there may be: Virtutem qui adeptus
erit, ubicunque erit gentium, a nobia diligetw. Cie.
1005. VECTIS, PERTlCA, LONGURIOS, CONTUSo Vectis,
the poI e to carry or lift, lever: Saxa ve cti.bus promovent.
Cres.; hence, also, the bolt: Portas alrei claudunt ve c tes.
Virgo Perlica, a pole, a thin, bendiog body: Pertica
8IJSpensos portabat longa maniplos. Ovid. Oliva8 pertiis
decutiunt. Plin. Longurius, a long pole: Falees ad.fi'Zal
longuriis. Creso Contus, 877, a long pole, fortbe pur-
pose of thrustiog, pike: Pral.fo:a con t i s capita gestabantur
inter signa cohortium. Tae.
1006. VEHICULUM, PLAUSTRUM, CARRUS; CURRUS, Ess.-
DUM; CISIOM, RHEDA, CARRUCA, PETORRITUM; CA.lU'BNTlTX,
PILENTUM, TENSA. Vehiculum, a vehicle, i. e. any coa-
trivance whatever to drive or sail: Juncto ve hicull1 "eAl;
Argonautarum; vehic?Llo
dao-chalr, mstead of Sella gestator,a, 00 wbleh the' perilon
was carried sittiog; Lec tic a, on whieh the person is earried
in a Iying posture (palanquin). Vehiculum is every macla_
for eonveyiog burden, be this human or noto Wagons, that
1007. Velum. 411
is, vehicJes (in the EngJish sense) for Qurdens alone, are:
PI a usl rum, for burdeos of all sorts, wide and uncovered,
with two and four wheels; Carrua, at a Jaler period Car-
rum, the Gallic four.wheeled wagon, for baggage of war:
Helvetii ad impedimenta el carr08 SU08 8e conlulerunt.
Cres.; hence, carrago, the fortification of wagons and cars,
so often erected by the Gallic and Teutonic tri bes. - For -
mees and battle, we have the following: Curru8, every
vehicle contrived for quick movement, with two wheels, and
with two or four horses (bigaJ, Curru quadri-
garum vehi. Cic. Ruunt eJfusi carrere currus. Virgo
Currua jalcat-i. Liv., sickle-cars in battle, Curru aurato
per urbem vectua. Id., the triumpbal caro Esse dum, the
light battle-car of the Gauls and Britons, in which they darted
among their enemies, and which, as occasion might require,
they left to fight on foot. Creso 4, 33; afterward also in Rome
88 state carriage. - Travelling vehicles: Cisium, light, with
two wheels, and basket-work (caps!!s): Decem horis L V1
miUia passuum ci8iis pervolarit. Cc. RhiJda, largar,
with four wheels, on which there was room for several per-
sona and baggage: Tota domus rhed a componitur una. Ju-
venal. Carrca, a covered and embellished rheda for
persons of ql:lality: Nero nunquam mmus mille carruci.
jecis8e iter tradilur. Suet. Petoritum and Petorri-
tum, an open Gallic travelling and baggage wagon, with four
wheels: ES8eda je8linant, pilenta, petor.rita, naves.
Hor. - Vehicles destined for festival use: Carpentum,
two wheeJs, for women and sorne orders of priests (with the
Flamines, covered: curros arcuatu8. Liv.); later used 88 a
state equipage; Pilentum, four.wheeled, hanging high in
springs, and with a tlat roof, which left the sides open, fur
matrons: Honorem jerunt matronis habitum, ut pi 1 en t o atl
8acra Zudo8que, carpenti8 jesto proje8toque uterentur. Lv.
Ten8a, Thensa, a vehicle wilq four wheels and four horses,
ornamented with ivoryand silver, on which, when the Circen-
sian games were performed, the statues of the gods were sol-
elllDly brought ioto the circus; after which they were deptlll-
ited III a certain place, pulvinar: Dii omnes, qui vehiculis
,-.arum 8011emne8 CaJtus Zudorum initia. Cic.
-100'7. VELUM, VELAMENTUM; VELUM (LINTEA, CARBASA)
Dor.oN, SUPP,\RUI\I. Ve Zum, a cover, which hides, a cover-
ing, a curtain, as a larger piece of cloth: Tabernacula, car-
baseis iment" v e Z i.. Cc. VeZ a m e n t u m, poetical Ve 10.-
....
4-12
1008. Venenum. 1010. Ventero
men, the cover, inasmuch as it covers over: Rami olea ae
ve 1 a'lIe n t a aUa 8upplicum. Liv. - Vel u m, the sail in gen-
eral, especially the main-sheet, generally of linen substaoce ;
bence, poetically, in the plural, Lnlea, Carbiil1a (prop-
erly, fine linen): Malum erig, vela fieri imperat. Cic.
Prabeb earbasa vent. Ovid. D%fl (cl}.,,,,.), the sman
foresail, only used in favorable wind: Poslf[uam pra/oriam
v e 1 a dantem t'idere, I1Ublatis raptim do Ion i b u s (el erat
8eeufldus ventus), eapeBl1Unt fugam. Liv. Suppdrum, top-
sail.
1008. VENENUM, VIRUS, TOXICUM, ACONITUM. Vene-
n um, every artificial liquid which produces physical effects,
generally prepared porson; hence Wilh lhe jurists: Qlli ve-
nenum malum feeit feeerit. XII Tabb., and Veneficus,
a poisoner, one who makes, administ.ers poison: Locusta,
veneficii damnala. Tac., 00 accountof pisoning. Virus,
the natural, consistent liquid, of corrosive, dying, aod offensive
animal or vegelable juices, natural poi son, or poison as sub-
stance: Malum v irus addidit alr. Virgo De-
coquitur virus eognitis arltea venenis rapidu1ll. Tac.; ve-
nenis, of the poisonous ingredients; virus, the liquid impreg-
natad therewith. poison with which arrows were
poisoned; AcoR""m a pOlsonOllS plant growiog
00 high rocks, a violent poison
1
quickly affecting: .A c: o n i-
tum Medea. Ovid.
1009. VENIRE, VENUM IRE; VENUM DARE, VENBERE, VEN-
DITARE, MANCIPARE. Venire, being sold, when the prop-
erty goes from the former &WHer, fol' money, t& another;
Venum ire, standing for sale, being offered for sale: Ve-
nit vilissima rerum Aie aqua. Hor. Pileati sert' l'enum
80liti ire. Gel\. - Venumd a.re, exposirrg for sale,. having
fOf sale; Ventlere, selling; Venditare, prasing up the
merchandise for sale, offering for sale by word of mouth ;
Mancipare, giving something to anolher, henceforth lo be
his. property, which has been formally sold in presence of
five witnessell of age: Pileus imposit'lts demonstrabat, ejus-
madi servos ven"m dari, quorum nomine I'mtori vendi-
lor nihil prfB8laret. Gell. f'l'ater 'l'useulanum veR-
dilat, ul emat Paeilianam d01num. Clc. Vellditi. leo,..
statuam Augusti simul m a n ci par a t. Tac.
1010. VENTEll, PANTICES, YENTRICULUS, STOMACHUS, AL-
YUS, ABDOMEN. Venter, belly, as vessel or envero which
contains the stomach and entrails, also used of the stomaob :
1011. Vernaculus. 1012. Vertere. 413
Pante:c, plur. Pantices, the hanging belly, pot-belly, used
in a derogatery sense: Faba venter inflatur. Cie. Quid-
quid ventri donabat avaro. Hor., to the stomaeb.
Vestros pan tic e s !taque madefacitis, quum ego sim hic sic-
CU$. Plaut .. Vcntriculus, stomaeh: Ventriculus, qui
receptaculum cibi esto Cels. Stom.iichus tbe
gullet or throat, the opellng of tbe stomaeh, and the stomaeh
itself, as means of digestioll, by its warmth; henee, as tbe
seat of irritability, iraseibility, of rage and anger. 585. Con-
chas stomachi calore cOllcoquere. Cie. Al'vus (alere).
the lower eavity of the belly, where the nutritious particles
of the food are separated from the excrements, and the chief
ehannel through which tbe latter are led off: Al v i natura,
subjecta stom.a.cko. Cie. Alvi purgatio. Id. Abdomen,
tbe soft, fal, abdominal eoverings around the navel.
IOn. VERNACULUS, D0l'4EST1CUS. Vernaculus, inland-
ish, domestie, if it is contradistinguished from foreign, as to
the eountry, home-bred, native: Vernaculi artijices. Lic.
Domesticus, relating to our house, family, or home,opp.
e:rternus: Domestici parietes, tabellarii. Cie. .
1012. VERTERE, VERSARE; CONYERTERE., TRANSFERRB,
REDDERE, INTERPRETAR l. Ver ter e, turning: terga; Fer-
ro vertere terram. Virgo In crimen vertere. Liv. Ver-
Bar e, turning frequently, turning about: turbinem; Orator
ver s e t BC1!pe multis modis 'eandem et unam remo Cie. - Ver-
tere, translating from one language into another, the general
cxpression: E:c GrC1!CO in Latinum sennonem. Liv. C01l-
"ertere, translating, with referenee to connexion and style:
e o n ver t i orationes lEschinis, nec con ver t i ut interpru,
sed ut orator. Cica Transferre, carrying over, trans-
ferring, from one language into another (from which our
translating): Istum ego locum totidem verbis a DicaarcM
transtuli. Cie.,otherwise, generally, usng a word tropic-
all y: Quod declaran vi:c verbo proprio potest, id t r a n s 1 a t o
quum est dictum, illustrat ejus rei, quam alieno verbo posui-
mus, similitudo. Cie. Reddere, translating literalIy: Quum.
ea. qua legerem Grace, La t i n e red d e l' e m. Cic.; also,
Verbum de verbo e:;pressum e:ctulit. Ter. Qua e:J:-
preua ad verbum dizi. Cie. Interpretad, making
the meaning of an expression in an unknown language elear
by words in a known one. interpreting, in which the ooiy oh-
jeet is giving the sense: Epicuri epistolam modototidem
ere verbis interpretatus ,um. Cie. The English wOl'd
35-
414 1013. VeNU. 1016. Vlclelicet.
tramlation must be circumstbed in La:o, e. g. H fll t:
u Graco carmine interpretata rectavl. LiV'.
1013. VE RUS, VERAX; VERE, VERO. Virus, true, agree-
iDg wilh reality, contradistinguished from that whieh is ooly
or lbat whieh js false; Vera.r, true, truth.loving:
De vera el perfecta amicitia loquor. Cje. Tiresios vera:r:
"ates. Ovid.- Vire, verily, eonformably to tnlth, eonfirms
the truth or reality of a eondition; Vero, in trutrl, in Cae!,
cODfirms the reality of a state of things: Hmrestum, '1uod pro-
prie l/e reque dicitur. Cie. Esl vero, inqucrm, notum sig-
num, imago avi tui. Id.
1014. VETARE, INTERDICERE. Vetare, implicitfy and
lawfully prohibiting; In t erd i cere, 65, direeting, ordering
that something be not done, by the person who has power :
Le.r peregrinum vetat in mw.rtlm odscendere. Ce. Magna
arrogantia usus .driovistus omni Gallia Romanis iuter-
a i:d t. Creso
1015. VETERANUS, EMERITUS, EVOCATUS, EXAUCTORA-
TUS, ..ERE DIRUTUS. Veteranus, one who has grown old
iD a certain occupation, and has acquired praetiee and expe-
rienee in the samc; an old, welltried soldier, in Rome, from
the forty.fifth year; emeritus,one who has served out his
period of service: Firmissimum e.rercitum e.r iflvicto genere
veteranorum militum comparavit, Cie, Rusticus emeri-
tum palo suspendat aratmm, Ovid. The miles emerilus
had served twenty years on foot, or ten on horse; ir !!ueh a
one enlisted for fLlrther service, he was ealled Evocafus;
but E.rauctoratus was thedismissed soldier; lEre di.
rutus, a soldier whose pay was stopped by way of punish.
ment: Milites e.rauctoratos dimisit. Liv.
1016. VlDELlcln, SCtT.lCET, NlnuRuM, NEMPE. Vide.
li c e t, clearly, refers to something whieh is evident of itself;
Scilicet, know, points at something whieh had Dot been
considered or known, to wit, both endeavouring to prevent a
mistake, error: Caste jubet lex adire ad deos: animo vid e-
lieet, in quo slmt omnia. Cie. Quamquam quid tu in eo
potes1 Nihil scilicet. Id. Nimirum, doubtless, ques-
tionless, if the person addreesed is expected to find something
quite natural, right, and nQt place any doubt in our assertion :
Ut.er meUor dice/ur orator'! N'' m i r u m, qui horno qfUJque
melior. Quinetil. N e m p e, in whieh, sure of the
thing we believe, we expeet the other 10 agree with us; must
be translated in a variety of ways: Penes quos igitur 8IUIt
IlUSpicia more majortlm '! nBmpe penes Pat1'ell. Liv.
1017. Vide1'e. 1020. Vindicare.
415
1017. VIDERE, CERNERE VISE RE, INVISERE, VISITARE.
Videre, seeing, pereeiving by the sense ofsight: Ut (Han
nwal) ettm quoqu.e oculum, quo bene vid el' e t, amitteret. Cie
. Cernere, distinguished by the sense of sight, seeing da-
tinetly: Q"um agmen Pompeii procuZ cerneretur. CIIlS.
Nos ne nunc quidem oculis cernimus ea, qua videmus.
Cie.- Videl'e, seeing, simply refers to the organs Vise.
re, lookillg, from euriosity Invisel'e, looking into, aUen
tively, inqniringly, and visiting, as we use even Ihe simple
word seeing a friend ror visiting Visitare, freqnently vis
iting, and also visiting, without fnrther determinative to express
a greater degree of interest: Constitui ad te venire, ut et
" id e r e m le, et v i 8 e r e m el camarem eliam. Cie. Licel fun.
dos nostros obire aut in v i s e l' e tamen. Id. Mihi quidem tu
jam eras mortuus, quia te non visitavi. Plaut.
1018. VIGILARE, EXCUBARE. Vigilare, watehng, i. e.
not sleeping, being awake, and being watehful, keeping one's
selfwatehful: ad multam noctem; Vigilare pro re alteri
US. Cie., being uninterrnptedly attentive to the preservation
of a tbing. Excubare, keeping watch without doors, espe
cially outside of a eamp, and during night: Nocte cives in
muris excubabant. Liv.
1019. VILLIeus, ACTOR, PROCURATOR, MAGISTER. Vil
licua, the manager of a farm, a manumitted slave, who, as
Actor, overseer, wth his wife, Villica, had the dreetion
of aRoman farm, and assigned the proper work. to each
slave he himself was under the Procurator, the aceount
ant, steward, who presided over the whole farming business,
interest of a landowner, kept the books, and had the money
under his care from this superior Procurator villa we
have to distinguish inferior ones, e. g. procurator apum,
the bee.manager. M agister, a speeial ,superintendent over
the hands engaged in one of the branehes of the farm, e: g.
over the vigneroles, the eommon field slaves the most 1m
portant or highest of these was the magister pecoris, or
superintendent over the herdsmen, shepherds, &e., and all
that appertained to the eattle.
1020. VINDICARE, ADSERERE ULCISCI, VINDlCTA, VIN
PICA;. Vi n d i cal' e vis - dicare), insisting upon- one's OWD,
of whieh another has wrongfuJly possessed himself claiming
something aSl one's -property, vndieating one's rights against
aggression: Vi n d i c a t u r Virginia, spondentibus propino
quiso Lv., ahe whom Appius intended to make a slave, was
416
1021. Vinca.
laved by the guaranty of bar relationB. Adserere, taking
to one's self; aliquem manu, appropriating, c1aiming one le
gallyand formally as one's property, by Iaying hand on him:
Appius clienti negotium dedit, ut virgi1lem in servitutem ad
sereret.. Liv., he should lay hold of her, and thus appropri.
ate her as his tdave. The lawful owner of a slave grants him
liberty from his own Cree choice, in libertatem as s e r i t;
he restores liberty to one who has been brollght into slavery
against law, in libertatem vindical. - Vindicare, re
venging, punishing, making satisfaction to the law: Dolus
malus legibus e r a t vi 11 d i c a t u s; Judices quam aeerrime
maleficia vi n die a n t. Cie. U 1 ei s ci (ulcere, a lost verb),
pursuing, i. e. persecuting an injury, disgrace; revenging,
punishing it, if the ofrended party procures satisfaetion: Ego
te pro islis dictis et factis u 1 ci s e a r. Ter. Stafuerunt is
tius per vos ulcisci et persequi. Cic. - Vi.ndic
ta, the staff with whieh the prretor touched the head of the
slave when he was freed; revenge, punishment. exeeuted in
order to revenge the law: Tibi su,scept.a esl vindicta legis
severa. Ovid. Vi n d i ci a, every objeet the lawful posses
sion of whieh is the subjeet of litigation: Secundum libertatem
postulare vindicias. Liv. .
1021. VINEA, VITlS, VINETlJIII; CRATES, PLUTEUS, TES.
'ruDo, MUSCULUS. Vi n e a, se, arbor, Ihe vine, as wine.pro.
ducing plant, and as generie 'term, rather poetieal, and with
later writers; Vi t i s, the vine, iespeeting its physieal quality
as plant: Antequam vi n e a florere incipiat. Plin. Religatio
el propagat.io vi t i u m, Cie. Vi n e a, sc, lerra, the vineyard,
as landed property of the owner; Vinelum, a vine.nursery,
Ihe place where vines stand together: Pratis et vineiset
res ruslica lat.a sunt. Cic. Vi n e t a, oliveta. Id.
Ut vi n e t a egomet eadam mea. Hor., injuring one's self. -
Vi n e a, se. porlicus, u bowcr of vines; hence, a Iight roof
Cor protection of besiegers, resting on pointed poles: Vites
hominis altitudine adminiculala sudibus vi n e a m faciunt.
Plin. Gontextm viminibus vinea. Creso Griltes, a hurdle,
. fold, of willowbranehes, also of proteetive wall and shelter;
Pluteus, a perpendicular shelter of boards and branehes,
halfround, upon three wheels, behind which the soldiers ad.
vaneed toward a wall, to dislodge its defenders: Vitelliani
pluteos, cratesque et vineas suffodiendis muria prote-
gendisque oppugnatoribus expediunl. Tae. Testdo, the
sheIter of iloldiers, wheD they plaeed their shields aboye their
1022; VinosU8. 1026. Vis. 417
hends dose together, and R machine employed in sieges, wilh
an arched, solid roof, projecring sides, and wheeled along,
under which Ihe aries (the wall.breaker) was used; Mus-
CUlftS, a similar conlrivance for Ihe same purpose, only wilh
a triangubr roof, and upon rollers. Creso C. 2, 2. 10.
1022. VINOSUS, VINOLENTUS, POTUS, Tt:MuLENTus. Vi-
nosus, loving wine: convil'um. Ovid. Vinolentus, full
of wine, dl'unk: Ir/ter sobrios haccltatur vinolentus. Ce.
PotltS, he who has drunk well, fully: Domum bene potus
7'edieram. Cic. Te mu 1 en t /lS, intoxicaled, excited with wine:
Thois temulenta. Curt., whel'e ebrius aud mero oneratus
are used for the same.
1023. VIRERE, VIRESCERE, VIRIDARI, VERNARP.. Vi'rere
(vis), being green, being in ils full vigor anJ acrion of the
principlesoflife: Perpetuo l'irens buxlts; Virent genua.
Hor. Virescere, becoming green: gramilla; Viridari,
taking, getti ng a green color: Vada subnatis imo vi r ida n-
tur ab /terMs. Ovid. Vernare, making spring, rejnvenat-
ing: Ver na t humus, floresque et mollia pabula surgunt,
Ovid.
1024. VIRGO, PUELLA, VIRAGO. Virgo, the maiden in
her full vig(n'; Pue II a, a girl, refers to the early youthful
age of lhe ternale: Virgo adulta, incarrupla. Cic. Yerba
puellar'um, foliis leviora caducis. Ovid.; bolh words are
used Jikewise of young married women: Ah, virgo infeliz,
tu nU1/C in montibus erras. Virg.,of Pasiphae, wife of Minos.
PoppO!a, puella ,'icesimo O!lalis an11O. Tac. Virago, a
masculine woman, a heroine: Belli 1I1etuenda virago. Ovd.,
i. e. Minert,a.
1025. VIHTUS, FORTITUDO. Virtus, manliness, signifies
too energy uf netion, which wilh firmness is direcred to every
thing grflal and good, in order lo underlake and perseveringly
execute il; hellee, courage, valor, talents, virtue, merit, &C.
07lllleS 7'P,C!0! anillli aifectiones virtutes appellantur. Ap-
pellata esl autem ex viro vidus. Cic. Portiludo, firm-
ness of soul, fortitude, which prevents us from losing courage
in undertakings of greal diffieulty, exertion, and danger;
valor, which perseveres bravely: Porliludo animi aifec-
tio, IU711 in adeundo periculo el in labore ac dolore paliens,
tum procu.l ab omni me/u. Cie.
1026. VIS, VIRES, ROBUR; SIGNIFICATIO, -TUS, POTES'
TAl!!. Vi s, power, force, which operates as active principIe,
ud with superior efi'ect, power: Nostra omn'is v i s in animo
418 1027. ViBcera. 1029.' Y'w.
el in corpore sita esto Sallo Vis ingenii, animi. Id. Vi
"is illala defendtur. Cie. Vires, powers: animi atque
ingenii; corporiB; Urbis vires. Liv., forees. RQbur,
854, strength, whieh has risen to a superior degree, and firm-
neS!I, solidilY, with referenee to the resistanee to be maCIe:
Ut in /Jeteribus castriB major pars et omrte robur virium
uset. Liv. - Vis, the essenee of a thing, whieh depende
upon the aggregate of its powers: Justitia semper aUidt vi
na atque natura. Cie.; hence, the force, power, meaning,
true sense, whieh lies in a word, expression: Diligenter
oportet exprimi, quce vis subjecta sit vocibus. Cic. Signi-
fir,atio, Significatus, the signification, in which the
speaker uses a word: Licet eo trahere significationem
smpti, quo expediat. Cic. Ve particula duplicem signi-
ficatum capit. Gell. Potestas, the signification whieb
a word may have, used only by later writers: Atque parti-
cula qllasdam potestates habet non satis notas. GeIl.
1027. VISCERA, INTESTINA, ILIA, EXTA, PRECORDIA.
Viscera, intestines, in the most comptehensive sense; in
general, every thing in the body betweell skin and bone: Ita
verberibus excipiuntur, ut multus e visceribus sanguis ez-
eat. Cic. In t e s t in a, the entrails: ReliquiaJ owi depellun-
tur tum adstringentibus se intestinis, tum relaxantibus.
Cic. Il i a, thighs and loins, flanks: Ili a inter cozas el pu-
bem imo vmtre posita sunt. Cels.; poetically, also, for tbe
viscera. Ext a, the entrails, taken out of the animal and
spread out, especially of sacrificed animals; the heart, lungs,
liver, and kidneys belonged to it: Lancibus fumantia reddi-
mus exta. Virgo PraJcordia, the diaphragm; also used
for the breast.
1028. VITA, VICTUS; VIVERE, VITAM DEGERE. Vita,
life, the SI ate in which a being manifests activity; Victus,
297, way of living, by which we support Iife, sustenance, and
the requisites of life: Fuit quoddam tempus, qUllm homines
sibi victu fero vitam propagabant. Cic.- Vi'vere, liv-
ing, performillg the functions of Jife; Vitam degere, pass-
iDg the Iife, with reference to time, residence, mode of living,
and relations in which we live: Et vivere vitem, el mor
dicimus. Cie. Vitam in egestate degere. Id.
1029. VIX, VIXDUM, ..EGRE. Vix, hardly, almost not,
when something is on the point 1I0t to be brought about: Ga-
binius collegit ipse se, v i x, sed collegit tamen. Cc. Vi z-
dum, hardly still, hardly ret i it refers the hardl!l to a point
1030. Ultro. 1033. Ungere. 419
of time immediately antecedent: Postero die, vi.:l1du1lt.mc.
certa, deditio.fteri cmpta. Liv. lEgre, hardly hardly, but
just, with mueh trouble and diffieulty: lEgre me tenui.
Cie.
1030. ULTRO, SPONTE. Ultro (see 984), in addition,
above expeetation, even, used of free aetions whieh go beyond
the natural imit of their relations: Mithridatem Asia non
modo recipiebat suis urbibus, verum etiam u 1 t ro 1,ocabat.
Cie. Sponte, spontaneously, from free impulse, with the
eonsent and assent of sorne one, by itself, of itself, without
ca,use: Sua sponte et voluntate quidpiamfacere. Cie. Sua
sponte, nulla adhibita vi, consumtus ignis exstinguitur. Id.
1031. UlI1BRlE, MANES, LElI1UREs, LARVlE, SPECTRUlII,
SIMULACRA. U m b r ce, shades, the souls of the departed in
anairybody, similarto the person when living; Mnes, the
good, the name of the shades so long as it was yet undecided
whether they belonged to the peaeeful or evil spirits; Le-
mures, departed spirits, as SOOIl as they had left the body,
when theyeitller received the office of a Lar, 488, or be-
came L arv ce, haunting spirits, represented as skeletons.
a phantasma, appearing as visible form; Simu-
1 a cr a, 530, su eh images of the imagination, if they resemble
certain objeets, and appear to the waking person; hence,
also used of shades in the lower regions U m b r ce ibanl te-
nues, simulacraque luce carentum. Virgo Manes elicere,
animas responsa daturas. Id. Nocturnos lemures rides.
Hor. Larvce agitant senem. Plaut.
1032. UNDIQUE, UNDECUNquE. Und:aque, from all sides,
an points, from every one; Undecunque, from everywhere,
be it from whencesoever, generalizing: Totis castrs un di-
que ad consules cwrritur. Li\'. Rupemjluctus non desnunt,
undecunque moti sunt, verberare. Senec.
1033. UNGE RE, LINERE; UNCTUS, DELIBUTUS, OBLITUS;
UNGUENTUlI1, NARDUS. Ungere, anointing, eovering and
rubbing with a greasy substance, espeeially scenting oil:
olivo. Hor. Linere, covering with an adhesive, stieking sub-
stance: pice, luto, cera. -Un ct us, anointed, only of the ap-
plieation of the substance: Capilli uncti. Hor. Delib-
tus, well anointed, when the substanee has wen entered:
unguento. Phredr. Mulls medicamentis propter dolorem
artuum delibutus. Cie. Ipse composito el delibuto ca-
pillo per forum volitat. Id., streaming, dripping with unctu-
ous matter. Ofilitus (oblinere), besmeared with something
1034. Unguis. 1037. Vortez.
adhesive, 8Oiled: Non cera, sed camo obliti. Cie. lnertu
laOminu, sertis redima, unguentis o b lit i. Id., in a sense of
disgust, eontempt. - Unguentum, salve, a scented oil or
fat, serving for an ointment; NardltB, tbe well-seeDtiDg
Nard.oil, balm of Nardus, wbieb was used for aDointing:
Assyria nardo uncti. Hor. ,
1034. UNGUIS, UNGULA. Unguis (uncu.s) , Dail of the
fingers and toes; with animals, Ihe single c1aw, the single
part of tbe boof: Cultello purgare ungues. Hor. PrtBdam
'rapuisti unguibus. Pbredr., of tbe eagle. Carmen casti-
gare ad unguem. Hor., with too utmost aeeuraey. Un-
gula, boof entire, elaw: Solido graviter sonat ungula
cornu. Virgo Ungula,que in quinos dilapsa absumitu,= un-
gues. Ovid., oi lo, as eow. Coquus milvinis aut aquilinis
ungulis. Plaut., c1aws.
1035. VOCARE, APELLARE, NOMINARE, CITARE, COMPEL-
LAXE. Vacare, ealling, naming, referriDg to tbe souDd of
the Dame: &ptem qui sapientes vocarentur. Cie. Ap-
pellare,846, addressing. CalliDg something by tbe rigbt
Dame, SO tbat thereby it beeomes entirely distinguisbable:
8UO quamque rem nomine. Cie. Id ex similitudine./Joris lili-
11m appellabant. Creso Nominare, giving a Dame,
Daming, tbat is, mentioning by name: Romulus urbem e 8UO
nomitle jussit n o m i n a r. Cie. Ad flumen Sabim, quod
supra nominavimus. Creso Citare, ealling by Dame lo
appear, eiting before some one, as witDess, surety: reum,
senatum; testem, auctorem. C o m pe II a re, aqdressing some
one personally, talking to a persOD: Blande hominem como
pellabo. Plaut.
1036. VOLARE, VOLITARE, SUBVOLARE. Volare, ftyiDg:
Volat per aere remigio alarum. Virgo Volitare, tlying
lo and fro, ftuttering about: Volucres videmus passim ac
libere solutas opere vol ita r e. Cie. Su bv o lar e, ftying
beavenward, and tlying a little, beginning 10 fiy, ftapping, see
953: Partes ignetB sursum rectis lineis s u bv o la n t. Cie.
Pulli columbarum prius quam subvolent, paucas detrahas
pinnas. Colum. '
1037. VOXTEX, TURBO. Vorte:c (also Vertex), a whirl
in the water as wel! as tbe air, by wbieh tbings eaught iD it
are drawn from the eircumferenee in a spiral ine lo tbe cen-
tre, wbere tbeyare ingulfed or destroyed; henee, a whirlpool
and wbirlwind: Navem torquet agens circum, et rapidus
vorat tBquore vertex. Virgo Turbo, wbirlwiud, whieb
1038. Vota facere. 1040. Uti. 421
carries things away, or tears them down, tornado: Interd.
"ortice torto (venti res) corripiunt, rapidique rotanti tur-
b i n e portant. Lucret.
1038. VOTA FACERE, SUSCIPERE, NUNCUPARE i VOTI COM-
POS, REUIiI, DA1'4NATUS. Vota facere, making vows, vowing,
declaring, that something has been promised to a deity, if it
fulfil a desire i also merely pronouncing wishes toa deity:
Vos vota faciebatis, ut Miloni uti virtute sUtJ liblret.
Cic. Vota suscipere, taking vows upon one's self, oblig-
ing one's self to them i nuncupare, making solemn vows
in the forms adopted for that purpose, e. g. for blessing upon
important undertakings i these were written down: Quum
prator paludatus exisset, vo t a que pro imperio suo communi-
que re publica nuncupasset. Cic.- Voti compos, one
who has obtained his desire: Ejus me c o m po t e m v o t i "OS,
dii, facere potestis. Liv. Voti reus, one bound by a vow,
a t ~ r having made it i Voti damnatus, having obtained
what one desired, and therefore bound to pay one's vow:
Precabantur,ut Fabiisfeliz pugna esset, damnarenturque
ipsi votor"m, qua pro iis suscepissent. Liv.
1039. USQ.UE, SE1'4PER; TENUS, FINE. Usq"e (properly,
at every spot or place of a long series or row), always, con-
tinualIy, in one train within certain limits: Ne abeas, prius-
quam ego ad te venero.-Usque opperiar. Plaut., namely,
until you come back. Se.mper, always, without reference
lo tho limits of tbe period: Cito rumpes arcum, semper si
tensum habueris. Phmdr. - U s q u e, throughout in one train,
from one point to another, locally i and with reference to tbe
final point, to, as far as: Profectus est Tarsum 1" q" e La-
odicea; Dona u s q" e ad Numantiam misit ex Asia; Ami-
citia "sq"e ad extremum vita permanet. Cic. Tenus, as
far as, up to, from the other side, only localIy i Fine, as far
as, from this side, both referring to tbe object or aim to which :
Milites per aquam, ferme gen" tenus allam, sequebantur.
Liv. Permare umbilicifine ingressi. Hirt. in Afr.
1040. UTI, ABUTI, DEUTI, FRUI, POTIRI; USURPARE,
USU CAPERE i USUCAPIO, USUSFRUCTUS, POSSESSIO. UH,
26, using, using something and deriving advantage or pleas-
ure from it: Istoc ego oculo "tor minus. Plaut. A b"ti,
wearing off, out; using in a manner as it ought not 10 be,
abusing: Abutend"m errore hostium. Liv. Libertate ilZ.
in acerbissimo supplicio abusus esto Cic. De,,", usin,
badly, m-treating: ;;icto. ,Nep. Frui, enjoying a tbin,
1041. Ulro1Jique. 1042. Uua.
using witb pleasure, nterest, advantage: Commoda, quilnu
utimur, lucemque, qua fruimur, a deo no6is dari vidermu.
Cie. PiHiri (potis), beeomillg master of a tbing, making
one's self master of t, and baving in one's power: Macedo-
num gaza potitus est Paullus. Cie. Voluptatibus bona
(Stas fruitur, quibus senectus, si non abunde potitur, non
omnino careto Id. - Ut i re, using, in8smueh as tbe article is
useful 10 the using person; Usurpare rem (usura), making
use of something, usiug it as means for au objeet: Hoc genu
pal1Ice scepe in improbos cives usurpatum esto Cie.; espe-
eially making uulawful use, arrogating a thing: Possessionen&
honoris, usurpati modo a plebe per paueos annos, recupe-
rasse in perpetuum Patres. Liv. Usucapere, obtaining lhe
right of property over a thing by a long aud uninterrupted
use, becomiug owner by prescription: Nihil mortales a diis
immortalibus usucapere possunt. Cie.- Usucapio, the
right of properly, ownership, obtained by uninterrupted pos-
session of a thiug during a period fixed by law: Finium usu-
cap ion e m XII tabulce intra quinque pedes esse noluerunt.
Cie., the limit of five feet between t\Yo pieees of property
eeuld not be claimed. Ususfructus, the use ofsomething
without being the owner or having hired it, usufruet: Fulci-
nius usum fructum bonorum suorum Ccesennice legaL, ut
fruereLur una cum filio. Cie. P o s s e s s i o, possession, and
tbe thiug possessed, without ownership: Quid hereditatum
possessiones datas, quid ereptas proferam'! Cie. Pos-
sessio est usus agri aut cedificii. Fest. But that whieh be-
longs as property to tbe possessor, is ealled, with referenee to
him, his ager.
1041. UTROBTQUE, UTRTMQUE, UTROQUE. Utrobique,
00 eaeh of the two sides: U t r o b i q u e magnos inimicos ha-
bebam. Cie. Utrimque, from both sides: Paucis utrim-
que procurrentibus eontendebatur. Hirt. B. G. Utroque,
toward both sides: Hine Scyrum, inde Delum, utroque
citius, quam vellemus, cursum confeeimus. Cie.
1042. UVA, CORYMBUS, RACEMUS, ACINUS. Uva, grape;
Corymbus, grape of ivy, and other similar ones: Hedera
gravidis distringunt vela eorymbis. Ovid. Reemus,
the part of Ihe grape lo whieh the berries are attaehed: Va-
riat liventibus uva racemis. Prop. .Acinus and .Aci-
num, the single berry and its graio; wine-berry (different
from baeca, 812): Mago prcecipit, uvam bene maturam le-
gere, ti ci na decerpere, mucitla aut vitiosa rejieere. Colum.
0
1043. Vulgaris. 1044. Malfjicium. 423
1043. VULGAIUS, VILIS, SOLITUS. Vulgaris, appear-
ing, being the case with every body, chafacteristic of the
common people, common, vulgar: Mitto artes vulgares,
coquos, pistores. Cic. V u 1 g a r e amici nomen, sed rara est
fide,. Phredr. Vilis, 268, cheap, that which may be had
for a low price, without value, worthless: Vilia poma. Virgo
Solitus, commonly, usually, that whieh for a long period
has repeatedly been done, without any important exeeption :
Verba e:r:cusanda valetudini solita. Liv.
1044. MALEFICIUI\I, FACINUS, FLAGITIUM, SCELUS, NE-
FAS. Miilefcium, the evil deed, with reference to its
charactef as effeet of wieked intention, opp. bentificium; Fa-
cinus, the deed aeeording to its genus, that is, its prominent
feature, a great deed, an awful deed; different from malefac-
tum, evil deed, evil acto Factum, the deed as done, a8
something that has happened: Temperare ab injuria et m a-
l efi e i O. Cres., of doing, causing injury. Accipite aliud
Verris facinus nobile, et ejusmodi, ut in uno omnia male-
ficia inesse videantur. Cie. Fliigitium (fliigitare, sup-
plicating; properly, slavishly bending and turning), an oot
eonneeted with great disgraee, by whieh the actor dishonors
himself, a shameful aet, an infamy: Factum flagitii pie-
num et dedecoris. Cie. Quod fa c i 1tU s a manibus unquam
mis, quod flagitium a toto cOTpore abJuit 1 Cc. Scelus,
ao impious, horrid, awful deed, malieiously performed, wth
disregard of religion and laws;. al so, the maliee and wicked-
Dess whieh produced the deed: Scelus legatorum contra
jus gentium interfectorum. Liv., perpetrated against ambas-
sadors. Inaudita facinora sceleris, audacia, perfidia.
Cc. Vice, wiekedness, inasmueh as they injure ; flagitium,
ioasmueh as jt disgraeeso Nefas, a crime against the law
of nature, and against that which is saered: Patria irasci
nefas esse duubat. Nep. Mercurium lEgyptii nefu ha-
bent nominare. Cic.
INDEX.
A, ab, 1. 36. 814.
ab integro 3l3.
abacus 677.
abavus 835.
abdere 2.
abdomen XV, 1. ]010.
abesse 3.
abhorrere 5.
abire 4.
abjectus 268. 519.
ablegare 65.
abligurire 320.
abnegare 719.
abnuere 719.
abolere 330.
abominari 5.
abruptus 821.
abscedere 4.
abscisus, abscissus, 821.
absol vere 6.
absonus 7.
absque 8.
abstinens 9.
abstrudere 2.
absurdus 7. ]43.
abundanter, abunde, 10.
abundantia 276.
abundare, abunde, 10.
abuti 1040.
ac 397.
ac non, et non, 722.
......... u..
eDIlea :m.
aCJ1''',1OL

172.
acclinis, acclivis, 543.
accommodare 14.
accubare, accumbere, 15.
00-
A.
I
accusare, accusator, 16.
acer, acerbus, 17.
acerra 996.
acervus 18.
acies 19. 838.
acinaces 492.
acinus ]042.
aconitum 1008.
acquirere 764-
acrimonia XV, 3.
acta, Subst. 644.
acta, Partic. 422. 431.
... dare, intendere,
..
actor 16.20. 1019.
actitare XIX, 10. c.
actuarius 906.
actus 422. 590.
actutum 271.
acuere XVI, 6.
aculeus 946.
acumen 19.
acus 946.
acus, aceris, 951.
acutus 21.
ad 22.
adlell.uare 41.
adaglUm 845.
adeo 23-
adeps 24-
adesse 25.
adgra vescere 22-
adluerere, adbereacere, XVI,8
adhibere, 26.
adhuc 27.
aclimere 131.
adi pisci 115.
adire 11.
adjumentum 139.
... re 139.
acfmioiaVare 481.
admiran 691.

admodum 28.
admonere 514.
aduuere 22.
II.dolescens 29-
adoleseere 132.
aljofare 30.
adoriri 31.
adparare 764.
adprobare B36.
adScendere 22. 586.
adsciscere 1 '72.
adserere 10'JO.
adservere
adsidre, re, XVll.
IIdsimulare 003.
adspectus 739.
adspergo, 11, l.
advena 32-
aaventicius V, 3-
ndventorius, adventiciWl,
3. b.
adveraari 33.
IldVerallria. 34,
adverBuius 35.
adversus, adversum, 36.
adulari 37.
adulterare 575.
adultus 29.
adumbrare 799.
aduncuB 307
advocatus "'4.
redes 38.
mdificare 39.
mdificium 38.
IIldituus, editimWl, XI, 3.
leger 40.
mgre 1029.
mgritudo, mgrmonia, 40.
mgrotatio IP.grotus, 40.
IIlmulatio 532.
mmnJns 579.
mquabilis, mqualis,4l.
mquare, mquiparare, 41.
mquil,as 596-
IIlquor 6('J6.
lndez
vm,
equUl 4J.
aer42.
erarii 174-
erarillm 43.
ere dirutue 1015.
erugo 44.
IIlrumna 602.
mseulus 854.
mstimltre 45-
IIlstimatio 45-
IIlstivus IV, 4.
mstuare 442.
IIlstus 164.
mtas 46.
IIltemus 47
ether 42.
evum 46.
affatim 10.
afficere 453.
affinis 48.
affirmare 49.
afHuere 10.
ager 50.
agere 422-
, .
,:
agere bellum 422.
agere concilium, conventum, 423.
agere diem festum 194-
agere fabulam 422.
agere grstias 495.
agger 51.
aggredi 31.
agilis 195.
agitsre XIX, 10. a. diem festum,
194.
agmen 19.
agnatus 52.
agnomen 724.
agnosce.re 224-
agrestis 893.
agrcola 53.
ait 561.
ala 54.
alacer ]95.
alapa 2'.26.
alatus XII, 2-
albedo, albugo, albor, ID, l.
albere, albescere,albicace,XIx,:l
albus, album 55.
alea 966.
Indu:.
aleator, aleo, In, 2.
alere 56-
ales, alites, 133.
a l ~ o r algu, 473.
alias 57.
alicubi, alicunde, XXIII, '4.
alienigena 32.
alii 61.
alimpntum, alimonia, alimonium,
XV, 3.
alioqui, - in, 57.
aliqunmdiu !i8.
aliquando XXIII, 4. 59.
aliquantisper 58.
aliqui, oliquot, 60.
aliquis XXIII, 4. 856.
aliter 7 '
alites 1a:J.
a.\iunde XXIII, 4-
allus 61.
allegare 623.
almus XI,3.
altare 91.
alter VUJ, 1.61.
altereatio 62.
altemus 63.
altus 64.
alucinari XIX, 8.
alveus 715.
alumnus XV, l.
aluta 309.
alvus 1010.
amandare 65.
amare 66
amaror, amaritas, amaritudo, lIT,
1.
amarus 17.
amb 01.
ambigere 68.
ambiguus 68.
ambire 202.
ambitio, ambitos, 69.
ambo 70.
ambulacrum, ambulatio, IX, 2. b.
ambulare 71.
amburcre 12-
amens 72.
amentum 501.
aurlcire 548.
amictus 503.
amiculum 548.
amicus 66.
amittere 73.
amnis 456-
amrenus 377.
amor 06.
amphora 368.
ampliare, amplificare, 74.
amplitudo, amplus,660.
amplius 659.
amputare 75.
an? 7ft
anatocismus 437.
anceps 68.
ancile 216.
ancilla 924.
angere 982-
angiportus 590.
anguis 77.
angustie 78.
angueotus 78.
anima 79.
ammo.dvertere, animum adver-
tere, SO.
animadvertere in aliquem 181.
animal, animans, X, 3. a.
animi, animis pendere, 68.
animosus 81.
animue 79.
annal es 431.
anne? 76.
anni veraarius 83.
an non? 76-
annona 82.
annosus 918.
annotinUB, annull"> XI, 1.
IlDDUUB 83.
anquirere 84.
ansa 175. 740.
ante 229.
ante 85.
antequam 86.
anteatari 975.
anticue, antiquus, V, 2-
antiqllc, antiquitue, XX, 3-
antiquius 834.
antiquus 832.
antistes 895.
428
antrum 188.
&onua, podex, 87.
&oua, vetula, 88.
aoxius 560.
aper 963.
aperire 761.
aperte 756.
apex 89. 798.
apologull 421.
apparare 764.
apparere 90. 689.
apparitor 901.
appellare 846. 1035.
appetentia, appetare,
;lC)!.
apprime 822-
appropinquare JI.
apricus V, 2.
aptare, aptus, 14.
apud
ara 91.
arare 92.
arator 53-
arbiter 93. 975.
arbitrari 94.
arbitrium 93.
arca 95.
arcanum 709.
arcere 96.
ardere 97.
ardere re 936.
ardor 164. 525.
arduus 64.
area 98.
arena 99.
argentarius lOO.
argillaeeus V, 3.
arguere 16.
argumentatio 101.
argumentum 405.
arg:utus 21.
andus 102.
ariolus 132.
arista 103.
arma 104.
armarium 95.
armentum 105.
armus loo.
aroma 251.
appetitus,
arra, arrabo, 107.
arrogans lOS.
arrogare sibi 172.
UII ltl:IeItt -
arteria 110.
artieulus 673.

artue, Subst. 673.
artus, Adj. 78.
arvina 24.
arundo 296.
aruspex 132-
arvum IV, 4, c. 50.
arx 112.
aseia 912.
asotue 484.
asper 17. 113.
asperitas, aspredo, asperitudo, II,
5.
aspernari 338.
aspis 77.
1llllr.. 114.
assentari 37.
assequi 115.
a.'IIIerere IBa
l.8BBlerutll
_c1ttusa
uai4llJ8 11&
IlllimWare 003.
lIII8tUJle1'e 111.. .
assus 277.
astrum 117.
a8tus, astutia, astutus, 166.
asylum 118.
at 913.
atavus 835.
ater 119.
athleta 120.
atque 397.
atqui 913.
atrium 121.
atrox
attendere 80.
attentus 304.
attinet 967.
avarus 123-
auctio 124.
auctor 125.
lndez. 429
auctoritu 126-
audaz, audeM, 127.
audere 127.
audientem ene 128-
,/ludientia, auditio, XIV, 1. Q.
auditus VlI. 2. e.
audire 128.
auditorem _e 128.
ave 129.
avere301.
averruncare 130.
aversan 5.
avertere 130. 13L
auferre 131.
augere 74.
augescere 134. 288.
augmen, augmentum, XV, 2.
augur, augurium, 132.
894-
aVlditas :101.
avidus 121
avis 131.
avius 135.
aula 121.
auleum 787.
aura 136.
auscultare 128.
aospic.ium, 132.
austerus J7. 137.
aut 138.
autem XXIV, 8. 913.
autumare XIX.
avunculuB major, 775.
auxiliari 139.
aux iliaria, auxiliarius, VIII, 3. 6.
auxilium X, l. 11. c. 139.
B.
Bacca 812-
baculum, baculus, 140.
bsjolare 440.
balbutire. XVII. 3.
balinee, balineum, balnee, bal-
neuln, I41.
ballista 184.
barathrum 498.
barbarismus 142-
barbaruB 122-
barbitos 657.
bardusl43.
baaium 752-
beatus 144.
bellaria 311.
bellua 147.
bellum 145.
bellum componere, con6cere, du-
cel'P.. putrare. proftigare, 145.
bellum agere, facere, gerere,l45.
bellos, 849.
bene 870.
beneficia 744.
beneficus 146.
benignos 146.
bestia 147.
bibax, bib08US, V, 2-
bibere J48.
bidens 639.
bifariam xx, 10. 13.
bilis 585.
bini 70.
bipartito XX, 13.
bipennis 912.
blandiri 37.
bonulD, 149.
b03 150.
brachium 06.
bractea 151.
brevi, breviter, 152-
brevia 770.
brevis 770.
bruma 15:1.
brutus 143.
bubulcus V, I. a.
bublllus, buculus, X, l. A. II.
bucca 154.
buccina 9!)I.
buatum 852.
428
anUum 188.
annua, podex, 87.
anus, vetula, 88.
anxius 560.
aper 963.
aperire 761.
aperte 756.
apex 89.798.
apologull 421.
apparare 764.
apparere 90. 689.
apparitor 901.
appellare 846. 1035.
appetentia, appetere,
:IDI.
apprime 822-
appropinquare 11.
apricus V, 2-
aptare. aptus, 14.
apud
ara 91.
arare 92-
arator 53-
arbiter 93. 975.
arbitrari 94.
arbitrium 93.
arca 95.
areanum 709.
arcere 96.
ardere 97.
ardere re 936.
ardor 164.525.
arduus 64.
afea 98.
arena 99.
argentarius 100.
argillaceus V, 3.
arguere 16.
argumentatio 101.
IIrgumentum 405.
arg:utus 21.
arldus 102-
ariolus 132.
arista 103.
arma 104.
armarium 95-
armentum 105.
armus loo.
aroma 251.
appetitus,
arra, anabo, 107.
arrogans 108.
arrogare sibi 172.
-.: ..... .,
.....11 ..
...
tlditUUL
......1&
artlls, Subst. 673.
artus, Adj. 78.
arvina 24.
arondo 296.
aruspexl32.
arvum IV,4, c. 50.
arx 112-
ascia 912.
asotus 484.
asper 17. 113.
asperitas, aspredo, asperitudo, n,
5.
aspernari 338.
aspis 77.
114.
_tItari 111.

1ll8raM: JOICL
lltIIIeV8l'III8 4&
-.JduUliIt.
...tdU_ll&

assus 277.
astrum 117.
astus, astutia, astutus, 166.
asylum 118.
at 913.
atavus 835.
ater 119.
o.thleta 120.
atque 397.
atqui 913.
atrium 121.
atrox 122-
attendere 80.
attentus 304.
o.ttinet 967.
avarus 123.
auctio 124.
auctor 125.
Indez. 429
auctoritas 126.
audax, audena, 127.
audere 127.
lI.udientem es!<e
.llDd1"l,{' 1, l. a.
.",;'l'" \'If. 2. c.
audire 128.
auclitol-em esse 128.
ave
avere301.
averruocare 130.
aversari 5.
130.131.
131.
augere 74.
augescere 134. 288.
augmen, augmentum, XV, 2.
augur, augurium, 132.
augustus 894.
aviditas ;)()I.
avidus 123.
avis 1:n
135.
121.
auleum 7f!1.
aura 136.
auscultare 128.
au!!pax, auspicium, 132.
austerus J7. 137.
:,:::," \i:t
91
3.
al" ,'......, 775.
1IU1l1harl laR
IIDX iliaria, Il.uxilarlus, VIII, 3. &.
lIuxilium X, l. B. c. 139.
B.
Dacea 812.
baeulum, baculus, 140.
bajolare 440.
balbo8, balbotire. XVII, 3.
balioeum, balnee, bal-
Ml.
11&
'H" a.;
barbarismus 142.
barbarus 12'2.
barbitos 657.
bardus 143-
basium 752-
beatus 144.
bellarla 311.
bellua U7.
bellum 145-
bellum componere, eonficere, du-
cel'P., patrare, proftigare, 145.
bellum agere, facere, gerere, 145.
849.
Den.etlcla 744-
benelicus 146.
benignos 146.
bestia ]47.
bibax, bibosus, V, 2-
bibere 148.
bidens 639.
bifllriam xx, 10. 13.
bilis 585.
bini 70
bipartito XX, 13.
bipennis 912.
blandiri 37.
bonDm, bonos, 149.
bos 150.
bracbillm 106 .
. ;1; I.-;L
"1 ,iIar, 152-
brana 770.
brevis 770.
bruma 15:1.
brutus 143-
bublllclIs V,t. a.
buculu&, J. G.
Caballus 395-
cachillJl8Ji 887.
cacumen 89.
Cada ver 155.
cad ere ]56. 701.
cadivua IV, 4.
(lIIdueeator 444.
caducus 455.
cadua 368.
cecus, cecutire, 157.
cedere, clI!dea, 158.
ceduus IV, 3.
celare 159.
celeb.559.
Cll!lum 159.
cementum 617.
cerimonia 160.
ceruleus ]61.
Cll!saries 173.
CIIlSJUS . 61.
calamitas 661.
calamus 296.
calatbua 278.
calcar 162.
calceamentum, calceus, 163.
calcitrue XIX, 4.
calculu5 6J3.
calefacere- 470.
calendarium 431.
cale re 164.
caliga 163.
caligare 157.
caligo 165.
calix 285.
callere 905.
calliditas 166.
callidus 166.
callis 590.
calo 167.
calor 164.
calvitiea, calvitium, XII, l. c.
calumniari 168.
calx 966.
camera 466.
caminus 169.
campester XIII, 2.
uez.
c.
campus 50. 98.
canalis
cancelli 436.
candela 435.
candelabrum IX, 1. c.
candere 55.
canere 170.
candidus 55.

canere 55. '
cani 55.
canis 966.
canistrum 278.
canoa 296.
canor 170.
cantamen, cantare, 170.
canterius 395.
cantbarus 285.
canticum, cantilena, 170
cantillare XIX, 6.
cantio, cantuSo 170.
canus 55.
capax 502.
caper 171.
capere 172.286.
capere fructum 440.
capessere, capere, XVI, 7.
capillitium XII, l. c.
capillus 173.
capis VII, *)
capistrum 472.
capite censil74.
caprea IV, 3. b.
capaa 95.
captare XIX, 10. b.
captiosus 166.
captivus, captos, IV, "-
captura, captuB, VIII, 2. .]
capulus 175.
Cllpllt 206. 943.
carbasa.1 007.
carbo 176.
carcer, carccres, 308.
carere 177.
carina 715.
caritas 66. 177.
carmen 170.
carnificina 290.
carpentum 1006.
carpere 178.
carruca 1006.
carros 100fi.
casa 179.
casses 802.
cassis, cassida, 180.
cassus 475.
castellum 112.
castigare 181.
castimonia, castitas, XV, 3.
castra, castrum, 112-
castus ]82-
casus 18a.
catapulta 184-
catellus 445-
caten a 185.
caterva 624.
cathedra 904.
catinus 773.
catulus 445.
cavare 400.
cavea ]86.
cavere 187. 899. 903.
caverna 188.
o cavillari XIX, 6.
cavillatio 627.
caula 189.
caupo 516.
caupona 816.
causa, causan, 190.
causa. 734.
causidicus 774
cautes 61a.
cautio, cautionemhahere, 187.
cautus 191.
cavus, Subst. cavum, IV, 3. b.
ce, enclit. XXIV, 4.
cedere 192.
cedo 429.
celare loo.
celeber, bris, 194. 210.
celebrare 194 620.
celer, celerare. 195.
celox 715.
celsus 64.
censere 94.
cento 196.
cereus, Subst. 435.
cernere 1017.
cernuus 840.
certamen 6fI. 838.
certare 269.
certe, certo, certU8, 197.
certiorem fierl, 882.
cespes XII, 1, "']
cessare 198.
ceteri 61.
ceteroqui, - in, 57.
cetra 216.
ceu 857.
charta 763.
chlamys 981.
cibaria 199.
cibus 199.
cicatrix 803.
cicur VIII, l. 200.
ciere 201.
cilium 758.
cincinnus 173.
431
cinctutus, cinc tus, XII, 2.
cingere, cingulum, - lus, - la,
202.
cinis 20a.
circa 67
circiter 67.
circulus 204-
circum, circumcirca, 67.
circumcidere 75.
circumdare 200.
circumfluus IV. a.
circumscribere 318.
circumspectus 191.
circumvenire 318.
circus 204.
cirrus 173.
cis 205.
cisium 1006.
cista 95.
cisterna XI, 1. b.
citare loa.'>.
cithara 657.
citius 8:34.
citra 8. 205.
I
citus 195-
civicus, civilis. V, l.
ciVlli06.
CivRu 206.
clades 168.
clam XX, 7.207.
clamare, clamator, 208.
clamor 111, l.
clanculum 'JJ11.
clandestinus XI, 2.
clangor 209.
claros 210.
cloi!siarius, classicua, 21L
clBll8ia 988.
claudere ~ 1 2
claudere, claudicare, 213.
claudus 306.
clavis 214.
claustrum 214-
clausula 790.
clavus 497.
clemens 215.
cliens, c1ient.elo, 774.
clipeus 216.
clivus 227.
cloaca V, 2. b.
clunes 87.
coaetus 581.
coagulari 250.
coclilea 217.
cocles ]57.
coctilis X, 1.
coctus 670.
codex 218.
codicilli 218. 39(. 975.
callee, coolitis, XII, l.
cwlestia XIll, l.
callum 42.
coemere 392.
coona 219.
coonaculum, coonatio, 219.
coonum 220.
coopisse 221.
coercere.225-
CootUB 233.
cogere 2'J'J.
cogi 250.
cogitsre 223-
cogitate, cogitato, xx, 13.
cogoatus 52-
cognitio 726.
Wez.
cognitor 77'-
cognomen 72'-
cognoscere 224.-
cobibere 225-
cohors 6'J4.
coioquere, coinquiJe, CCIIIfI'
nare, XIX, 7.
coire 259.
colaphulS 226.
colere 30.663.
colere agrum 92.
colleiPum 14.
collicue 958.
colJiga re 258.
colligere 222-
coIlimll.l"e
J
collineare, ~
collie 227.
collocare 815.
colluvies, colluvio, n, 2-
colonia 206.
colonus 53.
color 228.
coluber 77.
columba 757.
columen 89. 229.
columna 229.
colurnus XI, 1.
coma 173.'
combibo 148.
comburcre 12-
comedere 385.
comere 751.
comes 114-
cominus 230..
comis 231.
comitari 23'J.
comitia 233.
commeatus 82-
commemorare 711.
commemoratio ~
commendare 235.
commentari, 236.
commentnrio, - ni, 34. 431.
commenticius 449.
commercium 679.
commissura 237
committere 22. ~
commodare 238.
commodum 149. 650.
eommodus 14. 239.
oommorari 663.
. 'CQlbmol)icare 240.
communio, cornmunil.U, 11, 2.
,coDllDurus 240.
commutare 783, a.
commdus 20.
compages, compago, 237.
comparare 241. 764.
comparere 90.
compellare 1035.
compeliere 222.
compenruum 650.
compensare 879.
comperendinare 74.
comperire, compertus, 882.
compes 185.
compescere 225-
compitum 242.
complere 805.
complures 704.
componere 24]. 906.
compos 24a.
compos von 1038.
Irula.
concubia nox fli!1.
concu piacere 301.
eoncutere 599.
condere 2. 39.
condicere 811.
condimentum 251.
coditio 252. 629.
conditor 125.
eondocefacere 370.
condonare 312-
conducere 645-
conductos, conducticius, V, a.
cooferre 241
confeatim 271.
confu:ere 6. 222. 573.
confidentia 446-
confidere 945.
configere
confinJ6re 449.
con6nlB, eon6nium, 270.
confirmare 49.
eonfiteri 432.
confiare 449.
composite, composito, ex compo-
sito, XX, 13.
comprehendere 569.
comprimere 225.
comprobare 836.
confiigere 253.
conformare 448.
conformatio 553.
confragosus 11a.
ennfugere 254.
coufundere 255.
confutare 256. con, inCompos. XXIV, lO.
conui 127
con.vus,244.
coneedere 192..
concertatio 62.
concha 2 7
concldere 156.
concili.abulum 468.
concilium X, 1, B, c. 233.
concinere 249.
coociunllre 751.
conciunus 245.
concio 233. 246.
conciollari.X[X, 7
concipere 569.
concitare 247.
conclave 248.
conclusio 790.
concordare 249.
concrescere 250.
congelan 250.
eongiarium 257.
congruere 249.
conJectio, conjectura, 964.
520.
conJ ug are 2.'>8.
conjugium 260.
conjunete, conjunctim, 298.
eonjungere 258.
conjurare 259.
conjux :.!60.
couoeetere 258.
cooDlvere 192-
conDubium 260.
consaDgulOeus 48.
conscendere 22. 586.
cODllcius 975-
cODscribere 906.
conscribere milite. 329.
,.
4M Intlu:.
coll8eCrare 261.
coll8entanellll, cOll8entieus, 273.
coll8entire 249.
cOll8eqw 115.
coll8ervare, conservator, 923.
conaiderare 944.
conaideratus 191.
consiliarius 125.
consillo 549.
consillum 233. 262.
consitio 922-
consobrinus 263.
consors 264-
conspicere, conspicari, 944-
conspirare 259.
conspurcare 267.
constans 265.
constat 642.
consternare, constemere, XIX.
constringere 258.
construere 39.
consuetudo 266-
consuevisse 938.
consul I-V, l.
consulere, consultare, 26'l.
consulte, consulto, xx, 13. 549.
consultum 126.321.
conaummare XIX, 9.
contagio, contagium, 793.
contaminare 267.
contemnere 338.
contemplari 944.
contemtus 268.
contendere 241. 269. 651.
contentio 6'.l. 748.
conterminus 270.
contignatio 965.
contiguus 270.
continens 9. 270.
continenter 116.
continere 225.
contingit 13.
continuo 271.
continuo, e, continuus, 116.
contra 36.
contrahere 222-
. contrarie, e contrario, XX, 13.
contremere, contremiscere, XVI,
8.
controversl& 62-
contubernium 260.
contumacia 272-
contumelia 557.
contos 877. 1005.
convaIlis 1000.
convellere 599.
conveniens 273-
convenire 249.
convenit 316.
conventum 754.
conventus 233.
convertere 1012-
convexus 244-
conviciari ] 68.
convicium 557.
convictor 275.
convincere 274-
conviva, convivator, convivium,
275.
convivium, tempestivum, intem-
pestivum, 275.
cooperire 969.
cooptare 286.
copia 276. 704.
copile 149.
copulare 258.
coquere 277.
coram 85.
corbia 278.
corda tus 847.
Corinthiacos, Corinthiensi,s,XIV,
4.
corium 309.
comu 54. 991.
corona 279.
corpus 155.
corrigere 280.
corrigia 501.
corruere 156-
corrumpere 281. 575.
corruptela., corruptio, X, 3. b.
cortex 282.
coruscare 478.
corymbus 1042.
c09613.
cothurnus 163.
coxa, coxendix, 283.
crapula 383.
cras XX, 6-
crassus 284.
crater 285.
crates 1021.
craticiulI V,3.
creare 286.
creber 194.
crebrescere 288.
crebro 194.
credere 94. 235.
credibilis, credululI, X, 2-
cremare 12-
ere pida 163.
crepido 668.
crepitulI 209.
crepusculum 287.
crescere 134. 288.
cribrum IX, l. c.
crimen 289.
criminan, crimini dare, 289.
crinis 173.
crBta 591.
cruciamentum, cruciatus, 290.
eruciare 982.
crudelis 122.
. crudus VII.
cruentus XIV, l.
crumena 646.
cruor 900.
crusta, crustum, 282.
crux 291.
crystallinus XI, l.
cubare 292.
cubiculum 248.
cubile 622.
cubitus 293.
cucullus 798.
cudo 180.
cujas, cujatis, cujus, XII, 2-
culcita 294.
Da 429.
damnatus voti 1038.
damnum 310.
danista XIII, l. *]
dape, dapes, 311.
Indez.
culeua lIJS.
culmen 89.
culmus 296.
4.35
culpa, culpare, 289.
cultura, cultus, cultio, VIII, 2.
e]
cultus 297.
cum, Prmpos. XXIV, 10. 298. .
cumera 513.
cum maxime, cum primis, 822.
cumulus lB.
cunabula 299.
cume 299.
cunctari 300.
cunctulI 746.
cumque, cunque, endito XXIV,
6.
cunei 186.
cupa368.
cupedia 311.
cupere 301.
cupiditaa, u ~ i d o 301.
cur, cur non. 302. 859.
cura 303.
curare 671
curator 303.
curia, 988.
curiosus 804-
currere, currculum, 305.
curros 1006.
curtus 306-
curvamen, curvatura, XVI, 1.
curulis X, 3.
curvos 307.
cuspill 19.
custodia 3OS.
custodire 923.
cutis 309.
cyathus 285.
cymba 715.
D.
dare 312.
dare fidem 423.
data, dedita opera, 549.
de 1. 31!J. 540. 734. enclit.
XXIV,l2.
,
436
tle. ex indulltria, 549.
de integro 33;J.
de eententia 399.
deaIbll.re 540.
deauralll8" 540.
debellare 413.
debere 314.
debilis 315.
decedere 4.
decentia316.
decemere 269. 317.
decertare 269.
decet 316.
decidere 317.
deciduus IV, 4-
decipere J7'J.316-
declllffill.J'e 3 9.
decJlIJ'IlJ'e 286. 929.
declivis 821.
decolor 313.
decoquere
decor, decorum, 316.
decretum J26.. 321.
decretum 8enatus 126.
decumre 907
decumhere 15.
decus 316.
dedecere, dedecornre,.54O.
dedecu 5ll6.
dedere 312.
dedicare 261.
dedignari 540.
dediscere 322.
...
deditll opera 549.
dediticiuB, deditus, V,3.
deducere 313. 323.
deese 3.641.
defectio :J24.
defendere 993.
dererre rem ad aliquem 440
deficere 3. 324.
de6gere 762.
detinire 335 450.
defla.grare g
dellectere 540.
deformis 325.
defungi 481.
dehinc327.
dehiscere 508.
Indu.
dejerare 594.
326.
delD, deinccpil,
delabi :U3.
delectamentum, delectare, 328.
delectum habere 329.
delegare 623.
delenire 580.
delere 330. 339.
deliberare 223. 262-
delibutus 1033.
delicire
delictum 289.
deJigere 286.
deline re 799.
deJiquie 958.
delirare 331.
delirus 72-
deJit.escere 618.
delubruDl 38.
deludere 318.
dem in idem XXIV, 8-
demens72.
demereri 681
demergere 682.
deminuere 31a.
deminlltus 540.
demirari 691.
demissU8 519.
demittere 31a.
demoliri 339.
demonstrare 400
demovere 31a.
demum 332.
denegare 719.
denique 332.
demllls 284.
denuo 333.
depllcisci 3]7.
depeculari 334.
deperdere 73.
deponere 815.
deportatus 416.
depravare 281.
deprehendere 577.
deprimere 563.
269.
derehnq::lere 641.
deridere 887.
Ifltlw.
derivare 323.
desciscere 324-
describere 335.
deserere 641.
desertus 100a.
deservire 689.
deses 336.
deeIdenue. desiderium, 301.
desidia 336.
designare 286., 335.
desioere J98.
desipere 331.
desipieos 540.
desietere 198.
desperare 337.
deepil:ere 338.
despondere Bll.
destinare XIX, 7.
destituere 641.
destruere 339.
desDetus 540.
detegere 730.
deterior 340.
determinare 450.
detestari 5.
detinere 341.
detrectare 342.
detrimentum310.
deturbare 326-
develare 730.
deversorium, devertioulum, 343.
devertere, deversari, 343.
deveraor 516.
devE'xus 821
de vi De iIe 736.
deviue l35.
devortium 343.
devovere 312.
Deus 344.
deuti 1040.
diadema 345.
dic 429.
dicacitas 6Z1.
dicare 312.
dioere 286. 429.
dicit 561.
dictio 346.
dicto audientem ease 128. 735.
diducere 313.
dies fast, fest, nefaati, profeati,
cowitis.les, interceDlll, 347.
dies fem. 46.
diffarreatio 364.,
dilferentio. 355.
dilferre 348. 572.
difficilis 349.
diffieultas 537,
diffidere 337,
difli lidere 34B.
diffiteri 719.
digerere aso.
digladiari 253.
dignatio 11, a.
dignitall 351. 849.
digooscere 224-
dignum eSlle 681.
digredi 4.
dijudicare 592.
diJabi 31a.
dilacerare 603.
d.ilaniare 600.
dilapidare 352.
diligeoe 304.
diligentia 549.
diligere 66.
diluculum 287.
dimieare 253.
dimicatio 355. 838.
dimidiatus, dimidius, Iml
diminuere 31a.
dimovere 3"13.
Dine 483.
directus 694.
diribere, diribitor, 335. 363.
dirigere 694.
dirimere 363.
diripere 13]. 482.
dimere 339.
dime 122.'
die 31a.
discedere 4.
disceptatio 62.
discera 569. 952-
discernere 353.
disceryere 603.
diecidium 358.
disciplino. 354.
discolor 313.
488
ttiaIcordia 358.
discrepantia, cliecrimen, 355.
discurubere 15.
disertus 356.
displll', d' parilis, 357.
dispensare 3a5.
dispertire :n;.
dispone re 350.
disputatio 82.
dissensio 358.
dissertatio 82.
cssidium 358.
dissimilis 357.
dis imulare 933.
dissipare 352.
disso)ulus 6J6-
distantil1 359
.listare 3. 572.
distinere 3tH.
distinguere 353.
distribuere 335.
distringere 341.
ditio 820.
diu 360.
diversitns 355.
diversus 361.
1adez.
doctus 367.
documentum 405.
dolabra 912.
dolare 810.
dolium 368.
dolon 1007.
dolor 369. 6O'.l.
dolus 166. 289.
domare 370.
domeshculI IOlJ.
domi, in domo, XX. 5.
domicilium X, l. B. c. 372.
dominatus 535-
dominus 371.
domus 38. 372.
donare 312.
donarium 373.
donativum 257.
donec378.
donum 373.
dormire, dormitare. 874.
dorsum 375.
dotes 109.
draco 77 .
dubitare 68.
dubius68.
divertere. diverti, diverticulum, ducere, ductare, 376-
ducere in matrimonium
dudum 360.
343.
dives 362.
dividere 363.
dividuus 672.
divinatio 13.2.
divine, divinitus, XX,3.
divitie 149.
divortium 343. 364.
diurnus 365.
diUtinU9, dinturnus, 366.
divuJglue 848.
divus 344.
docere 367.
doctor 125. 367.
doctrina 354.
dulcedo, dulcitudo, U, 5-
dulcis 377.
dum 37 enclit. XXIV, 10.
dumtoxat 379.
dumus 380.
duo 70.
duplex, duplus, 381.
dupliciter, bifariam, XX, la.
dure, duriter, XX, l.
duritas, duritia, duritiel, 382.
durus 122-
dynutaXIII, 1,]
E.
E, ex, 1. I ex industria 549.
6 in equidem, eoutor, edepol, ex integro 333.
XXlII, 2. e regiooe 36.
ex sententia 399.
ex tempore 271.
eboreuB, ebumeUl, XI, 1.
ebrietas, ebri08itas,383.
ebullire 442.
ecce a84.
Indu:.
439
eminus 648.
emissarius 412-
emolumentum, emoJimentum,
650.
ecquo ? XXIII,
emporium 468.
emturire XVII, l .
en XXIV, 8. 384.
enecare 573.
enervB 315. edax 385.
Mere 385.
edicere 429.
edictum 321.
edictus 64.
educare, educere, 386.
edulia 199.
edulis X,3.
effari 429
effeminatu8 698.
effervcscere 442-
efficcre 6.
effigies 530.
effingere 449.
efHagitare 794.
effugere 402-
egens, egenus, 777.
egere 177.
egregiuB 387.
ejulare :l38.
elaburare 602.
ele gana 245. 389.
elementum, a. 394. 979.
elevare 628.
elidere 390.
elige re 286.
elinguia 550.
elix 958.
elixus 277.
clocare 645.
elogium 620.
eloquens 356.
elucubrare 602.
emlUlcipare 391 ..
emax, emtor, V, 2-
emendare 280.
ementiri 676.
emere 392.
emergere 414.
emeritus 1015.
eminere 414.
enim XXIV,8. 7]0.
enotlare 393.
enormis 660.
ensis 492.
enucJeare 393.
eo 588.
ephebus 29.
epilogus 790.
epstola 394.
epuhe, epulum, 275.
equester XIII, 2-
equidem XXIlI, 2-
equus 395.
erga 36.
ergastulum, 308.
erro 588. 734-
engere 6:28.
erogare 567.
erraticus, errare, erro, 396.
erroneua XI, 2-
erudirc 367.
eruditio 643.
eruditus 367.
erumpere 402.
esca 199.
escendere 22. 586.
esculentus XIV, 3.
esse 414.
ene alicui 502.
essem, forem, 461.
essedum 1006.
est mihi 502.
esurire XVII, 1.
et 397.
et non, neque, 722.
etenim 710.
etiam 27. 397.
etiam nunc 522.
etiam si 398.
etiam tum XXIV, lO.
..
etsi 399.
evade re 402. 447.
evenit 13.
eventus 183.
everriculum 8()'.,
evertere 339. 783. 5.
euge 658.
evidens 210.
Eumenides 483.
evoca tus 1015.
examinare 400.
exanimis, - mus, 401.
exauctoratio 693.
exallctoratlls 1015.
eXlludire 128.
excandescentia 585.
excedere 402.
excidere 339.
excire, excitare, 201.
excors 7:l.
excubare J<UB.
excubie 948,
excudere 403.
excursor 412.
excusare 404-
excutere 403.
exemplar 405.
exemplum X. l. B. c. 405.
exercitatio, XII,
1. c.
exercitlls, Subst. 19.
exhalatio 1001.
exhibere 406.
engere 400.
exiguus 770.
exilis 407.
eximius 387.
enn 327.
exinde 327.
existimare 45. 94.
existimatio 45. 93. 351.
entium 789.
exitus 183.
exordium 500.
exorJ" 96'2.
ezpedire 408.
,expergefacere, expergefactus,
. 409.
experiri 410.
....
1 experrectul 409.
expera 264-
expetere 301. 7!H.
expiare 795.
expiscari 546.
explanare 411.
explicare 411.
explotlere 804.
explorare, explora.tor, 412.
exponere 411.
expcscere, expostulare, 794.
exprimere 335.
exprobrare 289.
expuBnare 413.
exqulrere 412.
excensionem facere 586.
exsecran 5.
exsequi 6.
exsequie 480.
exsilire 490.
exsilium 476-
exsistere 414. 962.
exsomnis 562.
exsora. 264-
exspectare 415.
exspectatio 945-
exsptra.re 701
exstare 414.
exstimulare 247.
exstinguere 330. 417.
eX3truere 39.
exsul IV, 1.416.
eXl!ultare 490.
exsurrere 962-
exla XII, 1. a. 1027.
extemplo 271.
exterus, externus, VIII, l.
extimus 419.
extispex 132-
extollere
extorns 416.
extra 418.
ext1'llJleU8, extrllrius, XI, 2.
extremus 419.
extricare 408.
exlrios CllS 418.
extundere 403.
exuere 730.
exuvUe 866.
lndez.
F.
Faber 111.
fabrica, V, 1. b. 420.
fastus 108.
fateri ~
fatigare 982-
fatigatus 443.
fatiscere 50S.
fatum 183.
fatuus 143.
fauces 78.
favere 4.13.
favilla 203.
favor 126.
fabula 421.
facere 280. 422.
facere, agere
--, -- bellum
habere fidem, concilium,
fugam 476.
- gratiam 495.
facessere 4.
facetilll 627.
facies 424.
facilis 239.
facilitas 425.
facin\l6, factum, XI, 1. 1044.
factio 324.
facultas 425.
I_IttII ..
facundus 356.
flllx426.
fageus, faginus, XI, l.
falarica 970.
falcatus 307.
fallacia 166.
fallax 427.
fallere 318.
falso 427.
falsum676.
falsum jurare 779.
falsus 427.
fama 428.
famelicus V, 1.
'milia:ma. _
tIlillaris :vm. 3. 66.
,',lIIIQ&ftB
/Wlulll.,bQlua,
fanurnas.
fari429.
fas 596.
fas est 636.
faBcia 4:30.
fasti 431.
fastidiosus 108.
fastidire 338.
fastidium 108. 902.
fastigium 89.
favorabilis, faustos, 433.
faux 78. 434.
fax 435.
fecundus 438.
feJix 144.
femina 260.
femur28a.
fenebris, feneratorius,
fenestra 436.
fenus 437.
fera 147.
feralia, feraJis, 480.
ferax 438.
furculum 311.
fere, ferme, 842.
ferim, feriatuB, 439.
ferire 523.
ferara, ti'rocitas, IV, 3. b.
fero:..: 17.
ferramentum XV, 2-
ferre 440.441.
ferre fructum, rem
440.
ferri ]56.
frrugo 44-
ferruminare XIX,
fertilis 438.
fervere 442-
fervor 164.
ferula140.
ferus 122-
fessus 443.
fesunare, fesbnus, 195.
festivitas 627.
festuca V, 2- b.
441
442
festus 347.
fPtialis 444.
fetus, Subst. 445. 474-
fetus, Adject. 496.
fictilis, fictor, fictus, 449.
fictum 676.
fidei commissum 623.
lidelis, /idus, 446.
lidelitas, lides, 446.
fidentin., /iducia, 446.
fieri 447.
ligere 762.
ligularis 449.
figura, figurare, 448.
filii, filius familias, 632-
fimbria 640.
fimus 220.
findere 158.
fine 1039.
finl!'ere 449.
finlre, linis, 450.
finitimu8 ZJQ.
firme, firmiter, xx, 1.
firmus 265.
fiscellll fiscina, 278.
fiscus 43-
fistut'a V, 2. b.
fistula 977. 992.
flabrum. 36.
flaccescere, flaccidlls, 451.
Bgellum 760, 909.
Bagitare 794.
flagitium 1044.
flagrare 97.
flagrum 909.
flamen ]36.
flamma 525.
flare 452.
flatus ]36.
flectere 453-
flere 605.
Bexibilis, fieXl1is, 626.
flore re 454.
floreus, floridus, VII.
fluctus, /luentum, 455.
fluere 455.
fluidus 455.
fluitare XIX, 10. a.
ftumen, ftuvius, 456.
....
ndez.
/luxu.455.
focillare XIX, 6.
foeua V, l. /lo
fodere, fodicare, XIX, 2-
fcedua, Adj. 325.
fcedus, Subat. 754.
fcenisex V, 1.
fcenum 494.
fcetidus 457.
f(l'tor 742.
folium 458.
follis 797.
fona 459.
forare 460.
foras 464-
forceps 462-
forda ISO.
fore, forem, 461.
fores 8]8.
forfex 462-
fori ] 86. 463.
foria 4C4.
forma 424.448.
formare 448.
formidnre 687
formido 11, 4.
formoBus 849.
formula 465.
fomax 169.
fornix 466-
thrpex 462.
fors, fors fortuna, 183.
fors, forsan, forsit, forsitan, for-
to se, fortassis, forte, 467.
fortis 81.
fortitudo 1025-
fortuo, fortuito, 467.
fortuitos XII, 3.
fortuna 183-
fortunle 149.
fortunatus 362.
forum 468.
f08sa 469.
fossilis X, l.
fovea469.
fovere 433. 470.
fragmentum 471.
fragor 942.
fragrare 742.
Indu.
flamea 970.
traugere 471.
trater germanus, &ater patruelis,
775-
fmudare 31B.
fraua 166.
fremere 927.
frenare 225.
freodere 927.
frenum 472-
frequens; frequentare, frequen-
ter, 194.
fretum 666.
fretus 477.
mcare 974-
mgerare XIX, 3.
mgi!re Z17.
frigus 473.
mvolus X, l.
frona, - die, 458.
frons, - tia, 424.
fruCtU8, fruges, 474-
frugi, 474.
frul 1040.
fhImentum 474-
frustra 475.
frustrari 318.
frustum 471.
fruticetum, fiutectum, XII, 2. b.
fucus 228.
fuga 476.
fugare 780.
fugax, fugitivus, 476.
fugere 476. .
fugit 61B.
fulcire 477.
fulcrum 229.
fulgi!re, fulgi!re, 478.
fulgetrum 47B.
fulgor, fulgur, fulguratio, Mmen,
478.
fulgurare 478.
fuJgo 1001.
fultura. VIII, 2,.*]
fultus, 477.
fumare, fumificare, fumigare,
XIX, 1.
fumus XI, 3, e] 1001.
funale 435.
funda 802-
fundare 39.
fundere 479.
funditor HI, 2-
funditus Xx, 3.
fundus 479.
funebris, funereus, ftmeetul,
480.
481.
fUDls 885-
funus 155. 480.
fur, furari, 482.
furca 29).
furere 331.
furie 483.
fumaceus V, a.
furnus 169.
furor 331.
furtim 207;
furtum 866.
fuscina XI, 1. b.
fuscus 119.
futurum esse 461.
G.
Gesum970.
galeal80.
plerus 798.
Gallicanus, Galhcus, Gallus, V, 1.
gallinaceus V, a.
ganeo484.
g&rr!ll us 485.
486.
gel are, gelucere, X VI, 8.
gelu473.
geminus, 381.
gelDltus 855.
gena 1M
generaiis 487.
generare 491.
genialieL.genitalil, genitiwl, 488.
genitor 765.
genitrix 669.
IndIz.
geniWl 488.
gens. 489. tilia tilic
gentIeus, gen ,gen lUS,
489.
gentilis 52-
genus 489.
gerere 422. 440.
gerere bellum 422-
germanos frater 775.
gesta, geste res 422-
gesticulan XIX, 5. b.
gestio 422-
gestire 301. 490.
gestus 422-
gignere 491.
glaber IX, l.
gladiator 120.
gladius 492.
glarea 99.
glaueWl 161.
gliseere 288.
globus 797.
gloria 620.
gluma95l.
gluten, glus, glutinum, XI, 1. c.
gnarus 367.
gnavus 549.
grabntus 62l.
graeilens, gracilentus, XlV, 3.
grncilis 407.
gradatim 493-
gradior, gradi, 586.
gradus 186. 493.
Gnecanicllll, Grecus, V, 1.
gneeissare XIX, l2.
gramen494.
granarium 513 .
grandis, grandis natu, 660.
grassari. 586.
grates agere 495.
gratia 126.
gratiA i. e. propter 734-
gratiam habere, referre, teddere,
facere ; gratias agete ..
gratmeari 312. ., .
gratis, gratuito, 475.
gratulatio 960.
gratus 495.
gratuitos XII, 3-
gravare, gravan, 496.
gravate, gravatim, xx, 7.
gravidos, gravis, 496.
gregala, gregarius, VIII, 3. b.
gremium 935.
gressus 493.
grex 105.
gubernaculum 497.
gubernare 694.
gubernator 714.
gula 434.
gulosos 385.
gurges 498.
gustare 385. 630.
gustatus, gustllll, 499-
gutta 500.
guttur434.
gyros 204.
H.
Habena 412-
habere 376. 502.
habere
423.
-- fidem 423-
-- gratiam 495.
habilis 14. 502.
habitare 663.
habitatio 372.
habitatio, habitaculum, X, l. B. c.
habitus 503.
hactenu8 'rl.
hedos 17l.
herere 504.
hesitare 300.
hlllre 452-
hauem.n XIX, 8.
hariolus 132.
harpago 665.
hllruspez 132.
hasta 970.
haud 725.
lntlez. 4G.
bave 129.
haurire 505.
hebes 143-
heluari 320.
hemXXIV,8.
herba 494.
herbaceus, herbeua, V, 3.
herbidus, herboaus, VIL
hereditas 506.
heredit4em. adire, cernere, 506.

heu, heus, 5IJ7.
hiare 508.
hiatus 888.
hiberna, hiberuaculum, X, l. B. c.
hibernus XI, l.
hie509.
hie, illie, 509.
hiema 153.
hilare, bilariter, xx, L
hilaris VIII, l. 4B6.
liionua, hinnuleus, 44.5.
bircus 171.
hlrsutus, hirtus, 510.
hiseere 508.
Hispo.niensis, Hispanua, XIV, 4-
hi piduH 510.
historia. 431.
hilltrio20.
hiuleus V,l.
homicida 785.
horno 511.
honestare 512-
honestas 351.
honestas, honestum, 316-
honestus, honoratus, XIII, 1.
honorare, honos, honores, 512.
hornus, hornotinus, XI, L
horreum 513.
horribilis, horridus, horrendos, X,
2-
hortari 514-
horti, hortus, 515.
hospes 32. 5]6.
hospitalis 5]6-
hospitium 343.
hospitus 516-
hostia 517.
ho tieus, hostilis, X, 3.
hostis 35,
hue illue 771.
hucusque '.11.
humane, hum&Diter, hlUDlLDitus,
XX,3.
humanitas 643.
humanus 231.
humllre 519.
humatio 480.
humectare 518.
humerus 106.
humidus 518.
humilis 519.
humor 518.
I humus 519.
1, J.
J acilre 520.
Jacre 292-
521.
jactitare, XIx, 10. c.
521.
310.
520.
970.
j
am, jamjam, jam nunc, B&
aoitor, janua, 818.
1bi, ibdem, 509.
ieera 523.
ietus 803.
idcirco 588.
38
idem 397.
identidem 954-
ideo 588.
idiota 524.
idoneus 14-
Jejuous XI, 2-
219.
gitur 588.
ignarus 5'.11.
ignavia 336.
ignis 525-
ignominia 526-
!gnorantia, ignorare, rIII.
19I1oscere ..
liada.
ignotos :1rI.
ilex 854.
ilia 1027.
ille 509.
illic 509.
illicere 580.
illico 271.
illudere 652-
illuminare, illustrare, 529.
illustria 210.
i1l uvies 220.
imago 530.
imbecillis, imbecillus, 315-
imbellis 3] 5.
imber 808.
imbrex 617.
imbuere 367. 531.
imitatio 532.
immania 122.
imminere 533.
imminutua. deminotus, 540.
immolue 658.
immundus 534.
immunis 264.
immunt.all 631.
immutabili.!Ljmmutatoa, XII,2-
immutare nl<j. a.
impar 357.
impedimenta,impedimentum,537
impedire 537.
impendre 567.
impendre 533.
impensft. impendium, 959.
impense 28.
imperare 662.
imperum. impera, 535. 820.
impertire 240.
impetrare 115-
impiger 549.
impius 536.
implere 805.
implicare 5:11.
implorare 583.
imponere ilicui 318.
importuous 538.
impnesentiarUDl 541.
imprims 822.
improboB 661.
impudens, impodicos, 539.
.....
impunitos, 582.
impuros 534.
imos 552-
in 22. 36. 540.
in pnesena, in pl'lBlenti, in pna-
sentia, 541.
in sententiam 399.
in singol08 dies 862.
inaccessus 135.
inaIbare, dealbare. 540.
inll.nimus 401.
inllDis. XI, 2. 542,
inaudire 128,
inaudire, inauditus, 540.
inaugurare 261-
inauratus MO.
mcanus 540.
inc8.8llom 415.
incedere' 586,
nesndare' 12.
ineendium, incensio, IV, 3. e.
ineertus 68.
incessus 493.
incestos, Adject. 539.
inchollfe,!. i;Icipere, 221.
incitare :M7.
inclinare 543-
nclitus 210.
incogitare, incogitans, incogita-
tus, 540.
incognitus 527.
incola 206. 544.
neolere 663.
incolumis Xl, a. 568.
ncommodum 310.
inconsiderantia 971.
incoque.re, incoctUs, 540.
incorruptos 545.
increpare 289.
incunabula. 299.
incorvus 3(11.
incusare 16.
indagare 546.
indecere 540.
indemnatus, non damn,tua, 540.
index 980.
indicare 929-
indicere 733.
indicium 929
Indez. 447
indidem XXIV, 8.
indigena 544.
indigere 177.
ndignari, 540. 950.
indignatio, indignitaB, 585.
indigus 777.
ndoles 547.
inducere 330.
inducim 54.
induere 548.
ndulgens 215.
indulgentia 528.
indulgere 528.
indusium 548.
industria, industrios, ::49.
ineptus 143.
inertia 336.
inescare 580.
infamia 526.
infamis 428.
infandus 540.
infans 29. 550.
infecundus 949.
infelix 692.
infensus 551.
inferi552.
inferim 480.
infernus, inferus, XI, l.
inferus 552-
infestus 551.
inficere 531.
infidus 783. 2.
infimus 552.
infirmus 315.
infit 221.
inlltiari, intiti8.ll ira,719.
inflnmmare 12.
illflectere, deflectere, 540.
informare, informatio,553.
infortunium 661.
infra 953.
infringe re, infractus, 540.
infula 345.
ofuscare 531
ingeniosus 21
IDgemum 547.
ingens 660.
lDgenuus 554. 633.
ingredi 535.
ingravescere 22.
inhibere 225.
inhonestus, non honestus, 540.
inibi 509.
inimicitim 741.
inmicus 35.
initium, initia, 556.
injurin, injuriam facere, 557.
innocens, non nocens, 540.
innocens, innocuus, innoxius,
558.
innubus 559.
innuere 22.
innumerus, innumerabi1is, X, 2.
innuptus559.
inopia 177.
inopinans, inopinatus, 540.
inops 777.
inquies, inquietus, 560.
inquilinus 544.
inquinare 267.
inquirere 84-
inquit 561.
insania, insanire, 331.
insanus 72.
iua.ceJldere .22. 586.
ina.cientia. inscitia, rll1.
inscius 527.
insectarl, insequi, 921.
inservire 689.
insigne 930.
insignis 210.
insimuIare 6.
insipiens 143. 540.
insitio 922.
insiticiuB, insitivus, V, 3.
insoleos lOa
insomnis 562.
iosomnium 941.
insoos 558.
instar 598.
instare 563.
instaurare 564-
instigare 247.
instita 640.
institor 565.
instituere 553.
institutum 629.
instructus 824.
448
instruere 553.
instrumentum 566-
iD8Uetoa 540.
iusula 372.
insulsus 143-
U1sumere 567
ateger, integer dies, 558. 568.
integrare 564-
intelligere 569.
intempestu. nox 287.
intempestivus 538.
nter, inter coonlUD, 570.
inter manus 570.
intercapedo 198.
illtercedere 571.
interdicere 1014.
interdicere aqua et igni 65.
interdum 954.
interesse, interest, 25. 572
interfector 785.
interficere 573-
interimere 573.
aterire 701 ..
interlinere 575.
intenniBsio, intennittere, 198.
internecio 158.
internosc.lU'e asa.
interrmntius 574.
interpolare 575-
interpres 574.
interpretari 411. 1012 .
interrogare 576.
intertrimentum 310.
iotervaIlum 359.
intervenire 571.
intestina 1027.
iotra 5iO.
iotrare 555.
intrinsecus 570.
iotro 570.
ntroire 555.
introrsum 570.
intus 570.
invadere 31.
invalidus 315.
invenire 577.
inverecundus 539.
investigare 546.
inveterascere 918.
invicem 578.
invidentia, invidia, 579.
invidi08us, invidus, 579-
invisere 1017.
invisus 741.
lDvitare 580.
invitus 581.
invins 135.
innItus 582.
invocare 583.
jocosus, jocularis, 584.
jocus, joci, joca, 584.
ira, iracundia, iracundua,.585.
irasci 950.
ire 586.
irrequietus 560.
rridere 887.
irrigare 518.
irritare 604.
irritus 475.
is, iste XXIV, 3. 509.
istic 509.
ita 587.
itaque 588.
item, itidem, XXlV
1
8. 589.
iter, itr facere, 590. 688.
iterum 333.
juba 59L.
jubar 654.
jubere 662.
jucundus 377.
judex 93.
judicare, judicatio, 592.
ju.dicialis, judiciarius, X, 3-
judicium 93.
judicium dare, reddere, exercere,
facere, 592.
juga 463.
jugis 47.
jugulare 573.
jugulum 434.
jugum<oi.
jumentum 105.
jungere 593.
juramentum 597.
Jurare 594.
u r ~ u m 62.
junsconsultus 595.
jurisdictio 592.
lndea:.
jurisperitus 595. justitia 596.
jus 596. Justitium 439.
jus dicere,jus,dejure respondere, Justus 41.
596. Juvencs,
Jusjurandum 597. 29. .
321. juventus, J, 2-
Justa 480. Juxta 598.
Kalendarium 431.
Labet'acere, labefactare, 599.
labes 600.
labi 156. 455.
labium, labellum, 60L
labor 549. 602.
laborare 602.
laboriosus 349. 692.
labrum 601.
labrusca, labruscum, V, L c.
lacerare 603.
lacema 98J.
lacertus 106.
lacessere 604.
lacinia 196.
lacrimare 605.
lactans,lactens, XIV, J.
lacuna 606.
lacunar 466.
lacns 606.
bedere 607.
lllma 981.
betari, letus, 486.
levus 608.
lagena368.
lambere 609.
lamentatio, lamentum, 855.
lamina, lamns, 151.
lampBII 610.
lancea 970.
languere 611.
languidus 443-
611.
lanlBre 603.
laniena XI, 2. b.
lanista XIII, 1. -]120.
as-
K.
L.
lanius 6J2-
lanugo 11, 6.
lam: 773.
lapis 613.
laquear 466.
laqueus 614-
Lar, Lares, 488.
lardum 24.
large, largiter, xx, L
largiri 312-
largitio, largitas, 11, 3.
146.
landum 24.
larva 615.
luve 1031.
lascivus 616.
lassus 443-
latebra, latibulum, X, 2. c.
later 617.
latere618.
latema 610.
latet 618.
latex 642-
latibulum, latebra., X, 2. c.
latine loqui 619.
lator legis 125.
latro 482.
latrocinari XIX, 8.
latrocinium 866.
latua, tea, VIII, 1.".
lavatio,lavacrum, J41.
laudare 620.
laurea, laurus, IV, 3. ".
laureus, laurus, XI, 1,
laus 620.
l'raaz.
lautull 70s.
lazare,luua, .1.
leetiea 1006.
lectio 11, 3.
leetull622.
legare 623-
legatio libera, you,.,,,
legatum 623.
legatus 825.
legem ab-de- ex-ir-ob-
rogare, antiquare, ferre, per-
ferre, figere, imponere,jubere,
promulgare, rogare, lIIUleire,
sciscere,629.
legere 178.286.
legere milites 329.
legio 11, 3. 624.
Jegweius 595.
legumen XV, I.
lembu,,715.
lemniscos 430.
Lemures 1031.
lenire 6'.25.
lenis 200.
lenitudo 626.
lenoeinui :rT
lente, lentos, 626.
'lentitudo 626-
lepos 627.
letaJis, letum, 701.
lvare 628.
levigare 810.
lvis 195-
lex 596. 629.
libare 630.
Iibelli 394.
liber 218.
libar 282.
liber, Adj. 554.
liberalis 146. 554.
liberi 632-
libertas 631.
libertinus,libertua.633.
Iibet 636. 801.
libido, libidines, 301.
libra 634-
librare 400.
librarlus 906.
libum 635.
lieentia 631.
licitan, 636.
lieetwu.
lieet 398.
lieitatio 12i.
lictor 901.
ligame!i!igatura, XV, 1
ligare W1.
lignum 638.
ligo 639.
ligurire 609.
limare 810.
limbus 640.
limen 818.
limes 450.
limpidus 642.
limus 220.
limus, Adj. 9S6.
linere 1033.
lingere 609.
lingua 748.
linguere 641.
lintea 1007.
linter 715.
liquet, liquidos, liquor. 6A
lira 958.
lis 62. lOO.
litare 630.
litera, literm, 394-
literm 643.
literator,literatus,367.
literatura 643.
litigium 62.
litus 644.
lituos 991.
lividus 655-
livor 579.
lixa 167.
lixivium IV, 4.c.
loeare 645.
loco 835.
loculi 646.
locuples 362.
locos, loci, loca, 647.
longevos 918.
longe 648.
longinquus 648.
longurius 1005.
. longus 648.
1ra4u.
451 .
loqullx 485.
loquela, locutio, X, 3. 6.
Ioq,ui 429.
lonca 649.
lorum SOl. 909.
lubido 301.
lubricus V, l.
lucere 478.
lucerna 610.
luci XX, 5.
lucrum650.
luctari 651.
luctus 369.
lucubrare 602.
lucus 931.
ludere 652-
ludibrium IX, 1. c.
ludicrum, ludicl'U8, 584.
ludificare, ludificari, 652-
ludi 944.
MacellariUB 612.
macellum 468.
macer 407.
maceria 7m.
machina XI, 1. b.
machinator 420.
mactare, maete, 658.
macula 600.
M.
madere, madescere, madefieri,
XVI,8.
madidus 518.
magis 659.
magis, magida, 773.
magister 125. 367.114. 1019.
magistratus 535. 820.
magni facere, mAgnificare, XIX.
m .. gnificeDtia 660.
magnitudo 660.
magnopere 28.
marnus 660.
maJestas 660.
major, major Dato, 660.
majores 765.
mala 154.
maledictum 557.
ludio, ludios, iD.
ludus 584.
luere 653.
lues 793.
lugere 605.
lumbricus V, t. tJ,
lumen654.
lupata, u p ~ 472.
luridus 655.
luscus 157.
lostralis, I ustricus, X, 3.
lustrare XIX, 11. 795.
lstrum, lUstrum, XlII,2- C.
lUBUS 5tl4.
Iutum 220.
lux 654.
luxare XIX, 10. b.
luxuria, luxus, 656.
lychnus, lychnuchos, 610.
lJra657.
maleficium 1044.
malignus, malitiosua, 661.
malleolus 84L
malum, malus, 661.
mwum (068t) 812-
manare 455.
manceps 872-
mancipare 1009.
mancipium 637. 924.
mancus 306.
mandare 662.
mandere, manducare, 385-
mane 287.
manere 663.
Manes 1031.
manica V, 1. b. 185.
manifestus 210.
manipulus 624-
mannus395.
mansio 372-
mansuetus 200.
mantele, mantelium, mantile,
664.
mantica 646.
manubie 866.
manubrium 175.
manumittere 39].
manus, manus ferrea, 665.
manus militum 624-
mapale 179.
mappa664.
marcare 611.
marciJus 451.
mare 666.
margarita 667.
margo 668.
marinus, maritimus, XI, 3-
marita, mlLritus, 260.
marra 639.
marsupium 646.
mas 260.
mater 669.
materfamilias 260.
materia 638,.
matrimonium 260. in matrimonio
um duce re 728.
matnmus XI,3-
matrona 260.
maturare 195.
maturos 670.
muilla 1M.
maximi IIlstimare 659.
muimus 961.
meare 586.
meatus 590.
medela X, 3. b.
mederi 671.
medicamen, medicamentum, 671.
medicare, medican, medicina,
671.
mediocris 672.
meditari 236-
medntm, mediu , 672.
medius dies 683.
membrana 309. 763-
membrum 673.
meminSBe 674.
memor 495.
memorare 7lJ.
menda, mendum, 675.
mendaeium, mendacium dicere,
676.
mendicus 777.
mena 19.
mensa677.
mensarius 100.
menstrualis, meDBtruua, ' XIII, 2-
meD81U1l. 678.
mente captua 72-
mentio234.
mentiri 676.
meracus V, 2-
mecari 392-
mercator 565.
mercatura, mercatus, 679.
mercenarius IU.
mercea680.
mercimonium 685.
merda 220.
merenda 219.
merere, meren, 68L
merfrere 682.
mendiea 683.
merita 744.
merum 684.
merx 685.
me88is 915.
meto enclit. XXIV, L
meta 450.
metari 686.
metere 178.
metiri 686.
metuere 6f!1.
mieare 478.
migrare 688.
miles XII, 1. *]
mimus20.
minime, mnimum, Xx, 9.
minister XllI, 2. 924.
ministerium 706-
ministrare 689.
minuere 690.
minutos 770.
mirabilis, mirandus, miruB, XIV,
2. a.
mirari 691.
mirom quantum Xx, 9.
miroa, mirabilis, mirandua, XIV,
2. a.
IIlIIcere 255.
Dl8er VIU, 1. 692.
Indez.
mlserari, misereri, miserescere,
692-
mISeria 661
........ 111;
miilliculare XIX, 5. b.
DaIIiofJ1J3. .

iDWitco.
mitra 345.
mittere 520. 623-
mitulus 217.
moderari, moderator, 694-
modestus 9.
modiee 769.
modieus 672.
modifieari 695.
modo 379. 696.
modulari 170.

mod us 450. 678. 867.
mamia 767.
mreror, mrestitia, 369.
mola 697.
molaris, molanus, VIII, a.
moles 51.
DolstiadOl.
moliri 127.
mollis 698.
mollitia, mollitiesJ. XII, l. b.
momentum 699. tH3.
monere 514-
moneta 732.
monile 185.
mons 227.
monstrare XIX, 11. 406. 929.
monstrum 745.
montanus, montoeus, mootuosus,
XIV,lI.
mcmu.mDWIa 700.
1DDIafi_.
mibl40.
......
....,... ..... 735-
DQri'10f.
moriturllB,
,XIV..... .

1IICInBIII:-.
.....,.._fI1fIt7IIi
mortaftua.a:
mortferus 701.
mos, mores, 266-
motus, motio, II, a.
movere 453.
mox522.
muero 19.
mueus 703.
muleare 181.
Muleiber IX, l. a.
mulctra, mulctrum, mulctrale, X,
3. a. .
mulier 260.
multa, multare, 181.
multi 704.
multitudo 704. 995.
munditia, munditics, 297.

fDtmia,.,.
IlllmiciplDm ..
mlJlilCIlIIIlC&
.'"I\ PI1(.JJ . munitio,
XV, 2.112-
munire993.
munus 373: 512. 706. 944.
murex851.
murmurare 707
mums 767.
musculus 217. 1021.
mussare, mussitare, XIX, 10. a.
707.
mutare 708.783. 3.
mutilare 75.
mutilus 306.
mutire 707.
mutuo 578.
mutus550
mutuum dare 238.
mutuus 63.
mysterium 709.
N.
Nevus 600.
nam, namque, 710. enclit, XXIV,
Dampe 1016.
nemus 931.
9.
nancisci 577.
nardus ]033.
naria 713.
narrare 711.
narratio 421.
nasci 712-
nasus 713-
nasutus XII, 2-
natalis 712.
nates 87.
nati 6:32,
natio 489.
nativus 712-
natura M7.
navale 948.
navarchus 7]4.
navare operam 602-
navieularius 714.
lI!lvigium, navi , 715.
naUJlea 90"2.
mlUtm, nautiei. 211.
navus 549.
ne? 76.
ne 398 540. 716. '725.
ne non 716.
nebula 729.
nebulo 717.
nee 722.
necare 573.
necessarius 48. 66-
necesse esl 314.
n e e c s s i ~ necessitudn, 718.
nee ne? 76.
necopinans, necopinatUB, 540.
neetere 637.
nefarius 536.
nefandus 540.
nefas 540. 1044-
negare 561. 7]9.
neglil\'ere 338.
negotlator 565.
negotium 720.
nema 721.
nepos 484.
nequam 66].
nequaquam :XXIV, 9.
neque 722-
nequidquam 475.
nequire, non quire, 540-
nere 976.
nervus 185.
nescire, non scire, 527.
nescius 527.
neve, neu, 138.
neutiquam XXIV,9.
nex 701.
nexare, nexum, nexus, 637.
nidor 742.
niger 119.
nigrare, nigrieare, XIX, 2 .
nigredo ll, 4-
nibil, nihilum, 723-
nihilominus, nibilo secius, Dibilo
segnius, 723.
nimbus 729. 808.
nimirum 1016.
nimis, nimium, Xx, 4.
nisi926.
nitere 478.
niti 127.
nitidus 705.
nixus, Adject. 477.
nobils ~ O. 765.
nocens 886.
nocere 557.
nocivus, nocuus, noxius, IV, 4-
nomen 724-
nomine 835.
nominare lOas.
non 540. 725.
non fas, non honestus, Don queo,
540.
nonne? 76.
nonnisi 379.
non nosse, non scire, 527.
nonnulli 60.
norma 465.
Indu.
noseere, DOII88, 905.
DOta 600.
Dotare 9'J8.
DOtariUS 906.
DotatiO, notio, 928.
notio, notitia, 726.
novicius, novus, 727
DOVUS horno 765.
nox 165.
noxa, nona, 289. 557.
nonus IV, 4;
Dubere 728.
Dubes729.
Dudare 730.
Dullus 721.
Dum? 76. 81. nUDC XXIV, 10.
numeD 344-
numerare 731.
numero 835.
numerus VIII, l. c.
numisma 732.
nummularius 100.
nummus 732.
numne? 76.
nune, nune jaro, 522-
nuncupare 286.
nundioe 679.
Bundinari 392.
nuntiare, nuotius, 733.
nuper 696-
nuptie XII, l. b.
nutrire 56.
O.
Ob 85. 734.
obedire 735-
obesse 557.
obesus 800.
obex 214-
obire 481. 701.
objurgare 289.
oblecwe 328.
obligare 736.
obliquU8 986.
QJJliterare 330.
oblitus 1033.
oblivisci 32'J.
obluetari 33.
obniti 33.
obnubere 548.
obscamitss, obacamus, 534-
obseuritas 165.
obseerare 748.
obseeratio 960.
obseeundare 735.
ob equ 735
obsequiU1:n 528.
obserare 212-
observo.ntia, observatio,XIV, l. a.
observare 30. 80.
obses 1002.
obsessio, obsidio, obsidium, 11, 2-
obeidere 7:11.
obsistere 33.
obsonium 311.
obstaculum 537.
obstare 537.
obetinatio 272-
\Obstringere 736-
obstruere 212-
obtemperare 735-
obtestari 748.
obtinere 115-
obtingit 13.
obtreetare 168. 342-
obtruncare 573.
obturare 212-
obtutus 739.
obvenit 13.
occasio 740.
oceidens, occidentalis, occiduus,
IV,3.
oceidere 573.
oceidere 156. 701.
oceidio 158.
oeeulere, oceultare, 2-
ocellmbere 701.
oceupare 341.7:11.
oceanlls 666.
ocius 834.
ocrea 163-
odiosus 741.

odium 741.
odor, odores, odorarl, 742.
odoratus, 742.
odoratus, Adject. odoru8, XII, 2.
offendere 577. 743.
offensa, offensio, 11, 3.
oft'ensus 741.
offerre 406.
officere 537.
officia 744.
officina 420.
officiosus 304.
officium 706. 744-
olea, oleum, oliva, IV,4. b. c.
olere 742.
olfacere, olfactus, 742-
olim 59.
olitor 111, 2.
oliva, olivum, IV, 4. b. c.
omen 134. 745.
omittere 830.
omnifarium XX, 10.
omnino 843.
omnis 746.
onager 184.
onerosus 496.
oneratus, onustua, XIII, l.
onus 813.
opacus 165.
opera G02.
operle lll.
operam dare, navare, 602. 952.
operari 422.
operarius 111.
operculum,operire, 969.
operosus 349.
opes 149.
opifix 111.
opimus 800.
opinari XIX, 7. 94.
opinio 747.
opitulari 139.
oportere 314.
opperiri 4]5.
oppetere 701.
oppido 28.
oppidum 206.
oppilare 212.
opplere 805.
opportunitas 740.

. . .. "87.
-.
...
oppugnare 7:11.
opsl39.
optare 301.
optimates 831.
opulentus 362.
opus 109. 602.
opus esse 314.
.. GIl. 0118;
..
orare 748.
oratio 246. 748.
orator 748.
orbare 749.
orbis 204.
orbita XII, l. a.
orbus 749.
orca 368.
orcus 552.
ordinare 350.
ordiri 221.
ordo 647. 750.
origo 556.
oriri 712.
oriundus, ortus, XIV, 2. a.
omare 751.
ornatus 297.
ornatus, Adject. 389.824.
ortus, Subst. 556.
ortus, oriundus, XIV, 2. a.
os, oria, 78. 424.
oscines 133.
osculum 752.
............-... ........ 406.

.. ... 7&
.. ...
0IRraIa 81m .
otiosus 439.
otium 336.
ovatio 989.
ovile 189.
Pabulan 385.
pacare, pacatus, 753.
pacificare 753.
pacisci 317.
pactio, pactum, 754.
pmdagogus 367.
pedor 2'JO.
penula 981.
pmtus 157.
pague 755.
paIam Xx, 10.756.
palari 396.
palea 951.
paIla 981.
pallidus 655.
pallium 981.
palma XI, 3. *J 665.
palmes 760.
palpare XXI, 2. 967.
palpebra 758.
paludamentum 981.
paJumbes 757.
puJus, i 759.
paJus - udis 606.
pampinus 760.
pllJldere 761.
paDdus 307.
paDgere 762.
paDis XI, 2. 738.
paDDUs 196.
panthera 766.
pan tices 1010.
pantomimus 20.
papyrus 763.
par 41. 70.
parare 764.
parasitus 908.
parcere re 528.
parcus ]23-
pardus 766.
parens 765.
parentare 630.
parere 491.
parere 735.
paries 767.
pariter 298.
39
l"dez.
P.
parma 216-
parricida 785.
para 768.
partes 324-
particeps 264.
participare 240.
parti ri 363-
parturire xvn, l.
parum, parumper, 769.
parvus 770.
pn.acere, pasci, 56.385.
p:u;cua, pascuum, IV, 3. c.
passim 771.
passus 493.
pastinum 639.
pastio, pastus, IV, 3. c.
pastorius, pastoralis, paatonci1l8,
V,3.
patefacere. 761.
patella 773.
patens 772.
pater 765.
paterfamilio.s 260.
pater patratus 444-
patera VIII,l. c. 285.
patere 772.
paternus, patrius, Xl, l.
pati 441.
patibulum 291.
patina 773.
patrare 6-
patres 765.
patricius 765.
patrimoDium 506.
patrirnus XI, 3.
patrissnre XIX, 12.
patrocinium 774-
patronus 774-
patrueli , patruus, 775.
patulus 772.
paucus 776-
pavere 687.
pavira 52.1.
paulatirn 493. .
paulisper, paulum, paululam, 769.
pauper 777.
458
hW.
pax 754.
pe, enclit. XXIV, 7.
peccatum 289.
peculator, peculatus, 778.
peculiaris 833.
peculium 506.
pecunia 943.
pecus 105.
pedester XIII, 2.
pedetentim 493.
pedica 185.
pejerare 779.
pejor 340.
pelagus 666.
pellax 427.
pellere 780. 990.
pellis 309.
pelta 216.
penas, penates, XII, 2. 488.
pendre 50(.
pendllre 706.781.
pene 8. plene 842.
penes 22.
penetrare 782.
penitus 843-
penna 807.
pensare, pensitare, 781.
pensio 680.
pensum 706.
penula 981 .
penuria 177.
penus 82.
per 570.734. 783.enclit.XXIV,12.
per manus 570.
pera 646.
peragere 6.
percellere 784.
perceptio 726..
percipere 569.
percontari, percun.ctarl. 576.
perculsus, perc08llus, 7Si,
percussor 785.
percutere 523. 784.
perdere 73. 786.
perditus 786.
perduellis 35.
peregrinari 688.
peregrinus 32.
perennis 47.
. penerre 441.
perficere 6.
perfidus 788. 2.
perforare 460.
perfuga 783 .. 1.
perfugere 2M.
perfugium 18.
perfungi 481.
pergere 586.
peribere 376. 429.
periclitari 410.
periculum 218. 355.
perimere 57&
peripetwuua 787.
perire 701. 786.
peristroma 787.
peritus 367.
perjurare 779.
perlitare 630.
permanare 7Si.
permanere 663.
permittere 23S. .t4J..
permutare 783. &
perna788.
pernicies 189.
pernix 195.
pernox 792-
pero 163.
peroratio 790.
perpendere 223.
perperam 427.
perpetrare 6.
perpeti 441.
perpetuus 47. 116.
perquam 28.
persalutare 898.
perscribere 906.
perseverare, persistere, 663.
persona 6]5.
perspicax 21.
perspicere 783. 4-
perspicuus 210.
perstare 663.
persuadere 274-
pertica ] 005.
pertinacia. 27ll.
pertinet 967.
perturbare 255.
pervadere 782.
Indez.
459
perversus 791.
pervertere 783. 5.
pervicacia 272.
pervigil 792.
pessulus 214.
peBSum dare, peSBum ire, 786.
pesti1entia, pestis, 793.
petuo 788.
petuu8798.
petere 794.
peteSBere, petissere, XVI, 7 .
petitor 16.
petorritum 1006.
petra 892.
petulans 616.
petulcus V, I.
pbalarur. 624.
philosophu8 847.
piaculum, piare, 795.
picturs. 965.
pietas 66.
piget 796.
pigmentum 228-
pignerare, pignerari, XIX, 3.
pignus 107.
pigritia 336.
pila (Ball) 797.
pila 229.102.
pilentum 1006.
pileus 798.
pilosus 510.
pilum 970.
pilus 173.
pingere 799.
pingue 24.
pinguis 800.
pinna807.
pirata 482.
piscosus, pisculentuB, XIV, 4.
pistrina, pistrinum, 2. c. &11.
pituitll XIl,.3. 703.
plllcare 6'J5.
placatuB 753.
placenta 635.
placet 801.
placidus 215-
plaga 874.
plil.ge 80'2.
plaga, plgIB, 800.
planctus, plangor, 855.
plangere 804.
planities 98.
plllntare 922.
planus 41.
plastes 449.
platea 755.
plaudere 804.
1006.
plebiscituin 321. 629.
plebs 817.
plectere 181. 453.
plenus 805.
plerique, plerumque, 806.
plicare 453.
plorare 605.
pluma 807.
plurimi, plurimum, 806.
plurimi estimare, faeere, 659.
plus 659.
pluteus 1021.
pluvia 808.
poculum 285.
podex 87.
poema 170.
pama 181.
pamas dare 653.
pamas petere, repetere, sumere,
181.
pmnitet 796.
poeta 809.
polenta 850.
polire 810.
pollere 819.
polliceri BU.
pollubrum. IX l. c.
polluere 267
poIDftrlUm 515.
pompa 480.
pomum 812.
ponderare 400.
813.
pone 814.
ponere 815.
pontifex 895.
pontus 666.
popina 816.
poples 957.
populari 817.
Iadu.
populariB 206. 264.
populiscitum 321. 629.
popululI 489. 817.
por 85.
porea958.
porea, poreus, 963-
porrigere 406.
porrigi 7i2.
porta 818.
portare 440.
porteodere 406.
porteotum 745.
portio 768.
IlOrtorium 907.
portus 948.
JIOScere 794-
posse 819.
possessio 1040.
possidere 5O'J.
JI t., po!ltea. 327. 814.
po tiCIlS V, 2-
postremum, ultimum, XX, 9-
postre mo ;Ja"l.
postremus 419.
postridie XX, 5.
postulare 794.
p08tumus 419.
potare, potator, 148.
potens 243.
potentiQ, potesw, 820. 1026.
potiri 1040.
potius 819. 834.
potor US.
potuleotus XIV, 3.
potus, Adj. 1022.
vrre 85.
prrebere 312. 689.
prreceps 821.
prreceptor 367
prreceptuID 262. 354.
prrecidere 75.
prrecipere 553.662.
prrecipitare 326.
prrecipue, pneclpuus, 82"J.
prreconium 620.
pnecordia. 1027,
pnecox, pnecoquB, pnecoquu.,
670.
pneda. 866.
__ o
pnedari 334-
pnedicare 620.
pnedictio 823.
pneditull 824-
pnedium. 479.
pnedo 482.
pneesse 825.
prefectura 206..
pnefectus 825.
pneferre 826.
pneficere 8'J5.
prrego&DII 496.
pnejudicata opinio, pnejudicium,
827.
prrematurus 670.
pnemium 373.
pnenomeo 724-
pnepedire 537.
pnepes IV, 1.
pl1llpetes 133-
pneponere 825. 826.
pneposterus 79L
prre ru ptus 821.
pres 1002.
pnesagium 132.
prreseotem esee 25-
priYlae pe 820.
prresertim 822-
prresidere 825.
prresidium 139. 948-
prrestn re 903.
prre t<l esse 25.
prmstolari 415.
pr:esul IV, 1.
prretendere 190.
prmter 418. 829
prreterire 829.
prreterlt 618.
prmtermittere sao.
prreterqusm 4J8.
prmtexere J90.
prlBtor 825.
prandium 219.
pl1lten is XlV, 4.
pravus 661.
pnecari 748.
prehendere, prendere,' prenlllJ'8,
prehensare, XIX, 10.6.
premere 563.
h&tlez.
pretium 680.
pridem 360.
primllrius 822.
primo, primum, XX, 13. 9.
primordium 556.
primores 831.
primus, prior, XI, 3-
princeps 125. 822.
principatus 535.
principium, principia" 556.
priscus, pristinus, 832.
privare 749.
pri vatus 833.
prius 8:W.
priusquum 86.
pro 85. 4as.
pro concione, pro rostrls, 85.
JI10 magistro, pro cODSule, 835.
proavus 835.

probosCis 889.
probrum 526.
probus 149.
procax 616.
procella
proceres 8:31.
procerus 64. 660.
proclivis 8:37.
proconsul 8\l5.
procrastinare 348.
procreare 491.
procul648.
procumbere 156.
procurare 795.
procurator 303. 774. 1019.
prodere 286. 64.1.
prodigialis. prodigiosus, XIV,4.
prodigium 74:i.
prodigus 146.
JI10ducere 74.
prrelium 838.
profecto 197.
JI10ferre 348.
professor 367.
proficisci 688.
profiteri 432-
JI10tligare 479.
protligatus 786,
profugus 476.
profundus 64-
profusus 146.
progenies 839.
prohibcre 96.
proinde 588.
prolatare 348.
prolectare 58Q.
proles 839.
proletRr 74-
prolixus 621.
promereri 681.
prominere 414-
promittere 811.
promontorium VOl, 3. 6.
promtu8 195.
promulgare .
pronuntiare 319.
pronus 837. 840.
proremium 556.
propagare 74.
propago 841.
propatulus 772-
prope 230. 842.
propediem
pro pelle re 844.
propemodum 842-
propenlus 837.
propel'1ll'e, properus, 195-
propinquus 48.
pro pi ti ll8 433.
propriuB 833,
propter 5118. 734-
propterea 588.
propugnare 993-
propl,llsare 96.
pro rogare 74-
proreus 843.
prosapia 489.
proscribere 848.
plosequi 232.
prOlper 433.
prospicere 783. 4
prostemere 479.
protegere 993.
protervus 616.
protinus 271.
protrudere, proturbare. 8-
proventus 873.
proverbium 845.
461
provid 011 191.
provincia 874.
provocare CM. 846.
proximUII 911.
prodeDs 847.
pullos, Adj. 119.
pulmentanum, pulmeDtum, XV,
2.7:J8.
puls 850.
pulsare, pul tare, 523.
prona 176.
pile, pta, eDclit. XXIV, 2.
pobes 29.
pulvereus, pulverulent1ll, XlV,
3.
publico nos 872.
publicare 848.
pulvinar, polvinus,294.
ponctom 699.
poblice 756-
pllngere 162-
publicus 240.
podeDs, pudibuDdus, XIV, 2. b.
pudet 796-
pumre 18l.
pllpilla, pupola, X, l. A. "
pupillu 749.
pudicos 182.
podor, pudicitia, XII, 1. 6.
puella 1024.
puer 29. 924.
puerolus, pueIlus, X. L A. a.
pugil X, 1. loo.
pugio4U2.
pugna 8:18,
pugnos 065.
poppis 715.
pupos XXI, l.
purgare 404-
purpura 851.
purpureus 891.
poros (i42.
pus 900.
pusillus 770.
putare 94.
pUtellS 459-
putidus 457. pulcher, polchritudo, 849.
pullolare XIX, 5. a.
pullos 445.
putridlls, putris, VD.
pyra 852.
Q.
Q.oadrare 249. I quasillus278,
qoadropes, quadrupec1ana, XIV, quoasare 5.Q9.
l. qnatpre 599.
.' .
querere 546. 576. 'loe, PIlt'lit. XXIV,5.
qoesitor 93. qoP, CnnjoDct. 397.
queso 748. qllellladmodutn 857.
questos 6.'iQ. qOPrcllS s.-l4.
qualis X, 3. querpla, querimonia, 855.
qualos 278. qOt .. llls 855.
quam 28. qoi &'(l.
qoam ob rem 588. qoi 8.')7.
qUlllm'is, quamquam, 398. qoia Blil.
'luan do, quandoqoe, quaDdocun- quicllnque, quidam, 856.
que, XXIV, 11. 853. quidarn, Plur.60.
qoantillos X, l. q1litldam. 'luoddam, XXIV, 9.
quapropter 588. qllidplII XX.IV, 8.
quare 588. qllidni? 302.
quare F :m qui .. quit'tus, 858.
quasi 857. quilibt:l 856.

quin 716.
quiD, qui nOD, 859.
quinquennalis, quinquennis, X, 3,
quippe 8(iO.
quire 81g.
quiritare 388.
quis, qllispiaro, quisqu&m, XXIV,
9.
quisque, quisquis, quivis, 856.
quisqui lilll 220.
quoad 378.
quocirca 588.
Iquod 861.
quominus 716-
quomodo 857.
quondam 59.
quoniam 861.
quoque 397.
quotcunque, quotquot, XXIV, 6-
quotidianus 365.
quotidie 862.
quotus, quotusquisque, 863.
quum XXIV, 10. 853.
R.
Rabies 331.
rabula 208.
racemus 1042-
radere 864.
radiare 478.
radicitus XX, 3.
radix V, 2-
ramus 865-
rapax V,2-
rapere 17:l. 482.
rapina 66.
rarefacere 690.
rarus 776.
rastrum 639.
rabo 190. 867,
ratiocinari XIX, 8.
ratiocinatio Q 1.
rationem babere, reapieere 867.
rsts 715.
ratus 197.
re iD Compos. 868.
rebellare 324.
recens '(27.
recensere 731.
receMUS 910.
recidere 158.
recidivus 869.
recipere 811.
reci procua 63.
recitare
recludere 761.
recordari 674-
recreare 878.
recte 870.
,rector, rectu!, 694.
recuperare 878.
recuperator ro.
recurvu8 307.
recusare 719.
redarguere 256.
reddere 4l2. 871. 1012-
reddere gratiam 495.
redemtor 872-
redieus 873.
redimicnlum, redimire,
redintegrare 564-
redire, reditu!, 873.
redivivU8 869.
redllncus 307.
redundare 10.
redux b73.
refdlere 256.
referre 884-
referre rero, ad allquem, de re,
440.
referre gratiam 495-
refert 572-
rcfertllB 805.
reficere 878.
:U
refuglUoo 118.
refutare
regalia, regius, X, 3.
regere Cl94.
regimeD XV,I.
regio 874.
regius, regalis, X, 3.
regnum 535.
regula 465.
rejicere 881.
relaxatio 875.
relegare 65.
relegatlls 416.
religio 876.
religioss 894.
relinquere 641. 830.
reliqui 61.
reliq uile, reliqua, IV, 3. b.
reliquus 883.
reluctsri 33.
remanere 663.
remedium 671.
remigio, rernigium, IV, 3. c.
remiges 211.
reminisci "74.
rernissio 875,
remulcus V, l. a. 877.
remus 8n.
renidere 887.
reniti 33.
renovare 564-
renuere 7 ]9.
repagulum 214-
repanduJl 307.
reparare 878.
rependere 879.
repente 271.
repere 880.
reperire 577.
repetundm 778, .
reponere 815.
reprehendere 289.
reprobare 881.
repudiare 881.
repudium 364.
repugnare 33.
repulsa, repulsus, XII, l. tI.
reputare 223-
r q u i ~ 958.
requirere 412.
reri 94.
res 190.720
re!!, res fllmiliaris, 149.
rescindere 158.
resciscere 882.
resecare 75.
reserare 761.
reses 336.
resex V, l.
residre, residre, 883.
residuus 883.
resistere 33.
respieere 867.
responlere, responsare, 884.
respOllsum 823.
respuere 881.
restare 883.
restsurare 564.
restis 885.
restituere 871.
restrictus 123-
rete 802.
retegere 730.
retia 802-
retinaculum 885.
retro 868.
retrudere 2.
revelare 730,
revereri 30.
revert 873.
revincere 274.
reum agere, facere, 16-
reus 886.
reus voti 1038.
rheda 1006.
rhetor 748.
rictus 888.
ridere 887.
ridica 759.
ridiculus 584.
rigare 518.
rigidus 137.
rigor 382. 473.
rima 888.
rimari 546.
ripa 644.
rite 870.
ritus 160.
rivalitas 532.
rivus 456.
rixa 62.
robigo 44.
robur 854. 1026.
rodere 864.
Indu:.
rogare 576. 748.
rogatio 629.
rogus852.
BOmaao. . I11III8 loqui 619.
----.;V3

rota: '.' 890.

l'IIber I19L
n __ 2.a. b.
mbicun_ '. .. XIV, 2. c.
mbigo 44-
mbus380.
ructare XIX, 10. a.
rudeos 885.
rudimentum 979.
rudis 524.
ruere ]56.305.
rufus 891.
ruina 789.
rumor 428.
rumpere 471.
rupes 892.
rursum, mraus, 333.
rus SO. 479.
russus 891.
I msticus 893.
s.
Sabulum, saburra, 99.
saccus 295.
aacer 894.
eaeemo. ...
ncnmenDlm 597.
....
....
sacrosanctus 894.
sacrum 891.
srepe 194-
srevus ]22.
sagax 21.
sagitta 970.
sagum 981.
sal 627.
salarium 680.
plebtl: ...
salina, salinum, XI, 2. c.
salire, saltare. 896.
liaJsamenlatl. XV 2.
RlsiJ A .. f !lI!J salsedo, salsi-
tudo, u:. 6.
saltus 931.
'It.ur., IX, 1.
aalveDIJ. . .
salve re 898.
salum666.
salus ;,97.
salutare 898.
salvus 568.
sanare 671.
sancire 899.
sanctimonia, sanctitas, XV, 3.
sanctus 894.
sandaJium 163.
sane 197.
sanguis 900.
sanies 900.
san itas 897.
sannio908.
sanus 568.
sapiens 847.
sapor 499.
sarcina 537.
Ilarcire 564
. 1IIlt'eaJUm _
-wo.
__ 7&
.. IItiIJ U. 4.
satelles 901.
satiare, satias, satietas, !!02.
I='ia dare, facere, 903.
satius 819.
sativus IV, 4.
saturare 9O'J.
IIlI1C1are. 8IIIoi .... 607.
_tUS;
aaWlumtllll.:
acabere 864.
screvus 608.
btdu.
ecalpere, lICalprum, 159.
IIC&lDDUm 904.
IICandere 586.
IICapha 71S.
lICatebra 459.
seatere, caturie, XVII, ~
catungo 45 .
caurus ( 8.
IICeleratus, Bceler08UB, acelestus,
' XIII, 1.
IICelus 1044.
sceptrum 140.
sciens 905.
BcieDtia 109.
scilicet 10 16.
lICiDdere 158.
IICintilla 203.
Bcipio 140.
IICire 90S.
Bciscere 899.
IIC8eitare, lICitan, 576.
lICitum 321.
Bcorpio 184.
seitus 90S.
8copulus 892-
8criba, scribere, 906.
Bcrinium 95.
seri ptor J25.
Bcriplura 907.
serops 469.
scruta 685.
Bcrutari 546-
Bculpere 159.
scurra908.
scutica 909.
scutula 773.
scutum 216-
scyphus 285.
se, iD Compos. 31a.
sebum24.
secare ]58.
secernere 353.
Bece8lio 324.
SeCe8lUB 910.
Beclusus 910.
Becreto 207.
Becretum, secretus, 910.
Bectari XIX, ]0. a.
sectilis, sectivus, X, l.
sectio, sector, ] ~
secundare 433-
secundum 598.
secuDdua 61. 433. 91L
secundu!!, sequene, eequendus,
XIV, :tl0.
securis 9 1 ~
securus 993.
secus 57.
sed 91a.
sedare 625.'
sedes 372.
sedile 904.
seditio 324.
seditiosus 914.
seducere 31a.
sedulitas, sedulo, 549.
sedulus 304.
seges 91S.
segmentum 471.
sejtnitia
J
segDities, 336.
seJunctus 910. "
sella 904. 1 006. ~
semen, semeDtis, 9\Ai,
semie.nimus - il:! 917 .
seminue 922.
seminex, semiv.iv.08, 917.
semita 590.
semper 1039.
sempiternus 47
senaculum X, l. B. c.
senatores 765.
sentl.tus auctoritas, senatus con-
sultum, 8eno.tu8 deeretuOl, 126-
3' .1l.
Benecta, senecto S, 1. 2-
senectus, Adject. XIl, 1.
senescere, senex, senior, 91S.
senhllO 1. 2.
sensim 493-
sensum, sensus, XII, J. tl.
sententia 747.
sententiam dicere, ferre, pronun-
tiare, 919.
sentes 380.
sentina 426-
sentire 94. 223.
seorsum 9'.20.
separare 363.

Indez.
)}paratim 920. significare 929.
/sepelire 519. significatio, sirniticatua, 1026.
, sepire '999. signum 530. 930.
sepulcrurn 700. silentium XIV, l. b.
sepultura 480. silere 193.
sequens, sequendua, secundus, silex 613.
XIV, 2. b silva 93].
sequester XIII, 2. 574. similis 41.
sequi 921. simplicitas 932.
sera 214. simul 298.
serenos XI, 2. simuJacra 1031.
serere 922. simulacrum 530.
seria 368. simulare 932.
series 750. simulatus 449.
serius 137. simultas 741.
sermo 428.748 simus a07.
sermocinari XIX, 8. sin 926.
sero 626. sinceritas 932.
serotinus Xl, 1. sincerus VIII, 2. 545.
serpens 77. sine 8.
serpere 880. sinere 441.
sertum 279. singulatim 920.
serva 924. . , singuli 934-
servare, serv'l$>r, 923. singulis diebus 862.
servire 689. sinister 608.
servitium,servitus, servitudo, 11,5. sinuatus 307.
serus 626. sinus 935.
servus, servus a mailu, ad manum, ,siparium 787.
924. sipho 992.
sestertius, sestertia, sestertium, sitire aliquid 936.
925. situla, sitella, 937.
seta 173. situm esse 292-
setosus 510. sItus, squalor, 220.
seu 138. sive, seu, 138.
severitas 382. soboJes 8a9.
severus 137. sobrinus 263.
si, si non, si minus, 926. sobrius 102.
sibilare 927 soceus 163.
sibilus, sibilum, 1V,2. c. sociare 593.
sic 587. soeietas 114.
sica 492. socii navales 211.
sicarius 785. socius 114. 264-
siccus 102. socordia 336.
Siciliensis, Siculus, XIV, 4. sodalis 114.
sicut, sicuti, 857. sodalitium 114.
sidere, sedere, XVII. solatium, solamen, XV, 1.
sidus 117. solea 163.
sigillum 530. solere 938.
signare 928. solidus 265.
aolidus dies 568.
solitudo 910.
1101 itus 1043-
solium 939.
sollemnis 83.
solIera 21.
soIlicitare 247.
sollicitudo 300.
...... -
.. l.
..
solvere 621.
solum 519.
sohlm, solummodo, 379.
aolum vertere 476.
Indez.
sperre 945.
sperncre 338.
spes 945.
sphera 797.
spica 103.
spiculum 97C
SpiDI, spinus, 946.
spirare 452.
spiritus 79. ]36.
spissus 284.
splendere 478.
splendidus 705.
spolium 866.
spoliare ru4.
sponda 622.

XVI,
spondere 8H.
sponsio 754.
sponsor 125. 1002. 3.
somnium, somnos, 941.
..... 942.
--vm,2.
sons 886.
sonus 942-
sopire 374-
sopor 941.
sorbere 505.
sordes 220.
XII, 2.
luJrdblU8
"'.pllt'D .. germana, 775.
tION' 18& 9m..
IIQ8peIIIlB.
...
sparus 970.
spatiari 71.
spatium 46. 359.
species 424. 448.
specimen XV, 1.930.
speciosus 849.


='-136;
tNa ICDL
;:.X,LB b.

speculator 412.
speculum, specillum, X, l. B.
specus, spelunca, 188.
sponte 1030.
aporta 278.
apurcare 267.
spureus 5.14
squalor 220.
stabi1is 265.
stabulum 828.
stadium 305.
stagnum 606.
Rtamen 947.
stare in fide 923.
stat 642-
statarius, stativus, IV, 4-
statera 634.
statim 271.
statio 948.
stator 901.
statua 530.
statuere 3]7.815.
statura, status, VIll, 2.-]
status 252-
stella 117.
stereus 220.
sterilis 949.
sternere 479.
stertere 374-
stilla 500.
atilus 346.
stimulare, stimulus, 162.
c. stipare 232-
stipator 901.
atipendiarius 988.
Btipendium 680.
atipes 759.
lltipula 296.
atipulari, atipulatio, 811.
lltiria 500.
atirps 489.
stola 981.
lltolidus 143-
stolo 84].
stomschari 950.
storoacboslJ!I 585.
atomachus 1010.
strabo 157
&trages 158.
stragulum 787.
stramentum 951.
Btrangulare 390.
stratum 622.
&trena 373.
menuus 81.
atrepitus 209.
atribligo 142-
Mctim 152-
atridere 927.
stridor 209.
Btroere 39.
studere 433. 952.
8tudiosus 304.
8tudium 744. 952-
atultus 143.
stuperc 691.
stupiditas, etupor, 111, 1.
stupidus 143.
8uadere 514.
8uasor 125.
8uavis 377.
Buavium 752-
8ub 953.
8ubdere 955.
sllbdolus 166'
subi l;l'ere 370.
subjlcere 955.
subinde 954.
subitnneus XI, 2-
subito 271.
sublevare 139. 628.
Bublica 759.
subJimis 64.
40

suboles 839.
subripere 131.
subrogare 955.
sub,ellium 904.
subsidium 139,
Bubatituere 955.
Bubtemen 947
Bubter 953.
Bllbterfugere 476.
Bubtilis 21. 245.
I!ubtus XX, 3.
sllbllcula X, 1. B. b. 548.
subvellire. ]39.
Bllbvertere 783. 5.
subuJeus V, l. a.
subvolare 1036.
469
succendere,
950.
succurrere 139.
8UCCUS 642.
audes 759.
sudor 518.
auescere, suevisse, 938.
sulfareinare XIX, 7.
sufficefe 286. 955, 956.
suffimentum 742-
su1l'oca.re 390.
euft'ragja, suffi'agium, {erre, 919.
suffrago 957.
8uggerere 689.
8ulcU8 958.
sumare 172.
sumare supplicium, palnM, 18L
summl1tim, lIummum, xx, 7.
summissus 519.
8ummus, supremus, 961 .
sumtuarius. sumluOBus, XIV, 4-
BumtUS, smtum tacere, exer-
cere, 959.
Bupellex. 566.
IlUper953.
super cc:enam 570.
Buperare 413.
lupefbu.s, 8uperbia, lOS.
8upercilium 758.
superesse 883.
supemus, superos, XI, l.
superstes 883.
IUperstitiO 876.
470
IMez.
lJUr.rvBcaneus, IUpervacUI1l, XI,
lupinu8 840.
supparum 1007,
8uppeditare 689. 956-
luppetere 956.
.BUppetUB 139.
upplex 519.
lupplicare 748.
mpplicatio 960.
IJUpplicium 290.
8upplicium 8umere, 181.
Bupplodere 804-
Bupponere 955.
lupra 953.
supremus 961.
aurculus 865.
surdus, surduter, XllI, 2.
surgere 962-
suraum 953.
sus, sois, 963.
SUB in Compos. 953.
8uscitllre 409.
suspectos, su.spicu, IRUlpiciOllUB,
XlX,4.
8uspicari 94ii.
8uspicere 691.
suspicio 9611.
sustentare, lIusti.oere. 477.
8U linere 44].
SllSum 953-
susurrare 707.
suus 833.
T.
Tabellarius 003-
420. 816.
tabern8culum 973.
tabes, tabum, 900.
tabescere 451.
tabulB, tabulatio, tabulatum, X,
1. B. b. 965.
tabulm 34.
tacere 193.
taciturnus, tacitus, 193.
tactus XII, 1. d.
teda 435.
tedet 796.
tenia 430.
talaris, talarius, VIII, 3. b.
talea 841.
talis X, 3.
talus 960.
tam XXIV, 9. 23-
tamdiu 968.
tamctsi 398.
tamquam, tIloquam, 857.
tandem 33'2.
taugere, tangit, 967.
tantiUUI!, tantulus, X, 1.
tantisper 008.
tantum, tantummodo, 379.
tantum non 842.
I tantundem XXIV, 8.
tapes, tapetum, 787.
tardare 341.
tarde, tardus, 626.
tauros ISO.
te enclit. XXIV, 3.
tectorium 969.
tectum 372-
tegere, tegumentum, 969.
tegula 617.
tegimeu,tegumen, tegmen, tegee.
tegulum, XV, 1.
tela 947.
tellus 519.
telum, tela, 104. 970.
temerarius 127.
temeritna 97
temetum 684.
temnere 338.
temperans 9.
temperamentum, temperatura,
XV,2.
temperare 695.
temperatio, temperies, 11, 3.
tempestlls 972.
tempestivus 670.
templum 38.
tempori, temperi, XX, 5.
Indea:. 471
tempus, in tempore, 46.
temulentia 383.

tlliUD:t.
teaaat& XVI, l.
ttaillclttfa61C.
laeb_185.
...... ... ..... ' tenebri-
#+L
tenellus X, 1.
tener 698.
tenere 502.
tenor 750.
tensa 1006.
tentare 410.
tentorium 973-
tenuare 690.
tenuis 407.
tenus 1039.

terebra IX, 1. b.
terebrare 460.
terere 974.
teres 890.
tergere, tergere, 974-
tergum, tergus, 375.
tergum vertere 476.
tergus309.
termes 865.
terminare, terminus, 450.
ternio 11, 1.
terra 5]9.
terrenus, terreus, XI,2-
terrestris XlII, 2.
territorium VIII, 3. b. ".
terror 987.
tertio, tertium, xx, 13. 9.
tessera 966.
testa 966.
testamentum, testan, testificari,
975.
testimonium dare, dicere, pro tes-
timonio dicere, XV, 3.
testis 125. 975.
testudo 1I,4. 466. 1021.
teter 122-
tetricus 137.
texere 976.
thalaDlus 622.
'thermm 141.
tholus 466.
thorax 649.
thronus 939.
tibia 977.
tignum 978.
timere 687.
tinnire, tintinnire, XXI, 1.
tiro 7Zl.
tirocinium 979.
titillare XX, 1.
titi0983.

1itah8118Cl
toga, candida, pura, pulla, sordi-
da, pnetexta, 981.
ta1erUe4U
tdere J3J." 628.
tondere 75.
torcular VIII, 3. a.
-. ..
_ .......... 970.
tornare 890.
tornus 159.
torpedo, torpor, 611.
torpere 611.
torquere 982.
torques 185.
torrens 456.
torrere 277.
toms 983.
torus 622.
torvus ]22.
totidem XXIV, 8.
totus 746.
totus dies 568.
..... ...
trabea 981.
trabes, trabs, 978.
tractare 967.
trsctus 874-
tradere 312,
traglJldus 20.
tragula 970.
trahere 376-
t.nf&Iert..:tt4 ..... 985.
1rtIIH1 b'aiIIIMI_
tranquillu! 858.
472 1ada.
trans 783. 82). 984.
transen na 436.
transferre 1012.
traosfurga 783. ].
traospedi 985.
transtgere 317.
transiTe 829. 985.
transilus 985.
traosrnittere 985.
tran cribere 575.
tranatra 463.
transversus 986.
tremere 687.
trepidare 687
trcpidatio 987.
tribuere 312-
tribunal 009.
tribus, tributum, tributariua, 988.
triclioium 219.
tripudiare 896.
tristis ] 37.
tristitia 369.
trivium 242.
triumpbus 989.
tropus 448.
trucidaro 513.
truculentll8 122.
trudere 990.
trullis are XIX
r
12-
truncare 75.
truncus 306.
trutiDa 634.
trutinari 781.
tru.x 122-
tuba 991.
tuber 994.
tubua 992-
tuen 944. 993-
tugurium 179.
tum 327. 522.
tomere, tumor, 004.
tumulare 519.
tumultuosus 914-
tumultua 145. '995.
tumulua Zl1. 700.
tune 522.
tuodere ms.
tuniea 548.
turba 995.
turbare 255.
turbo 1037
turbulentua 914
turgere 994-
tunllulum 996.
turma 624-
turpis 325-
turpitudo 534.
tutari 993.
tutela 774-
tutor 303.
tptulus 798.
tutus 993.
Vacare 177.
vacare literis 952..
U,V . ,.J
r d ~
vacca ISO.
vacillare XIX, 6.
vacuus 542.
vadari 1002.
vadere 586.
vadimonium promittere, deBe-
rere, obire, listere, flu:ere,
1002.
vadum, IV,2. c.
vafer loo.
vagari 396-
vagire 388.
vale 129.
valens, validus, 997.
valere 819.
valetudo 897.
valgos 998.
vallare 999.
vsllia 1000.
vallum, vallua, 51. 759.
valvlll 818.
vaoum 676.
vanua lOS.
vapor 1001.
1,.cr..
473
vappa 717.
vapulare 523.
variare 708.
varius 361.
valOs 998.
V88, vadiB, 1002.
vaso. 566.
vaktare 817.
V88tuS 660. 1003.
vates 809.
vaticinari XIX, 8.
vaticinatio, vatieinium, 823.
uber, Adject. 438.
ubertBB 276.
ubique, ubicunque, ububi, ub-
vis, 1004.
udus518.
ve 138.
vecors 72-
vectigal, vectigalia, 988.
vectis 1005.
vector 211.
vegetus 997.
vehemens 17.
vehementer 28.
vehens 440.
vehere 440.
vehiculum 1006.
vel, ve, 138.
velabrum 468.
velamen, velamentum, 1007.
velare 548.
velle 301.
veUicare 178.
velox 195.
velum 1007.
velut, veluti, 857.
vena 110.
vendare, vencijtare, 1009.
vendit4io ~
venenum XI, 2. c:. lOO8.
venerari 30.
venia 528.
vi\nire (ventare,) votitare, XIX,
lO. c:.
venire 1009.
venter 1010.
ventilablOm IX, L c:.
41
ventilare XIX, 5. q.
ventriculul 1010.
ventull36.
venum ire, venum dare, 1009.
Venus 966-
venustas, venustua, 849.
veprel380.
veraz ] 013.
Yerba dale 318.
Yerba facere 748.
verber 909.
verbera 803.
verberare 523.
verbero 717.
verbum 724.
v ~ una.
verecundus 182-
veredus 39.5-
vereri 687.
verrere 543.
ventila, verum, 1, :lo
vema 924.
vemare ]023.
vemaculus ]011.
vemus XI, J.
vero 913. 1013.
verrere 974.
verres 963.
verrieulnm 802.
veruneare XIX, 2.
veJ'lllll'8 1012.
ve1'llltilis X, 1.
versara, versuram Cacera, vean
rfl IIOlvere, 4:17.
versda36.
versutus loo.
vertere 1012.
vertere solum, tergum, 476.
vertex 89. 1037.
vertigo 1I, 6-
velOm 913.
velOS 1013.
verutum 970.
vesanus'i2.
vesci385.
vescus 407.
vesper, vesperum, vespere, - i.
28'7.
474
ItuW.
veltibulam 121.
veltipre XIX, l. M6.
veBtigium 929.
vemre 54B.
vestimentum, vestia, 548.
vestitus 500.
vetare 1014-
veteranus' 015.
veterator loo.
veteroU8 611.
vetula 88.
veMus 91S.
velos, vetustus, 832.
vetustiscere 918.
vexare S]7.
vexillum, vexiUar, 624. roo.
"via 590.
viam facere, munire, 590.
vicanus XI, 2. 893.
vice 835.
vicinia, vicinus, 270.
vicillSim 57S.
victima 517.
victus 297. 1028.
vicus 755.
videlicet 1016.
videre 10]7.
videri 94-
viduare 749.
viere 637.
vigens 997.
vigere 454.
vigil X, l. 56'.l.
vigilare ]018.
vi-ila 04 .
vihs 268. 1043.
villa 479.
villaticus V, l.
villicus 1019.
villosus 510.
villus 173-
viocere 413.
viocire 637.
vinculum 85.
vindex lOO'..!.
vindicare 10'20.
vindicilB, viodicta, 1020.
vioea, vine!!!, 10'21.
vioetum 10'21.
vinolentia 383.
vinolentos, vinOl118, xiv, "
1022.
vioum 684.
violare 743. .
violens, violeoto., xrv, 3.
vipera 77.
vir511.
virago 10'24.
virere, virescere, 1023.
virelom 5]5.
virP"O 1024.
v i r l ~ 1023.
viridarium 515-
viridis VIL
virtus ]025.
virus 1008.
vis 704. 1026.
vires 1026.
viseera 1U1.
Mre, visitare, 1017.
viaio, viaus, viaum, 11,3.941.
vita 10'28.
vitam degere 1028.
vitare 476.
vitiare 281. 575-
vitio dare 289.
vitium 40. 674.
vitis ] 0'21.
vitium 40. 674-
vitta 430.
vituperare 289.
vivere 1028.
vi viradix 84]
vix, vixdum, 10'29.
ulcisci 1020.
ulcus Soo.
uligo 51S.
uloa 293.
ultimum, postremwa, xx, 9.
ultimo Xx, 13.
ultimUII 419.
ultra 984.
ultro 1030.
ultro, citro, 771.
ultroneus Xl, 2-
ululare 388.
umbilicus V, 2. a.
umbne 1031.
umbrosus 165-
una 298.
unetus 1033.
uncus 307.
unda 455.
undique, undecunque, 1032.
ullgere, unguentum, 1033.
unguis, ungula, 1034.
unio 667.
universalis 487.
universi 934-
universus 746-
unquam XXIV, 10. 59.
unus, uDieus, 940.
nnusquisque 746. 856.
vocabulum 724.
vocare 1035.
voeiferari 208.
yola 665.
volare 305. 1036.
volstieus 1.
volemus Al, 3-
volitare 1036.
volsella 462.
volueris 133.
volvere XVI, 6.
volumen 218.
volupis VL
voluptas 328.
vorago 498.

vortex 1037.
l"dez.
urrre 563.
unnariB.
urna 937.
uspiam, uaquam, XXIV, 9.
naque 1039.
ustrina 852.
ustulare XIX, 5. a.
usucapere, usucapio, 1040.
usura VIII,2, -j. 437.
usurpare 1040.
usu venit 13.
usus 266.
usus esto 314.
usus fructus 1040.
ut 716.
ut, utut, 398.
ut, sieut, 857.
ut, ut ne, ut non, 716.
ut non, quin, 959.
utensilia X, 1. 566.
uter, Adj. VIII, L
uter, Subst. 295.
uterque 70.
uti 26. 1040.
utilis 239.
ntique XXIV, 6-
utpote XXIV, 2. 860.
utrum? 76.

1041.
vota facere,nuneupare,suscipere,
]038.
uva 1042-
uvidus 518.
vulgsre 848.
vulgli.ris 1043.
vulgo 756.
vulgos 817.
vovere 312.
VOK 724.
urbanitas 627.
urbanus XI, 2. 231.
urbs 206.
urceus 368.
urere 12.
Zona 202. 646.
vulnerare, vulneratus, 607.
vulnus 800.
vultus 424.
uxor260.
uxorem dueere 728.
z.
I
476