s4 s3

HOLLOW SECTION (RHS) varying no. of anchor bolts (Packer-Birkemoe Model) RHS COLUMNS - varying no. of bolts The model recommended here is Packer-Birkemoe Model. This model is applicable only to base plates between 12mm and 26mm. The design procedure is as follows (refer to the literature review for further details regarding the model and to Fig. 21 regarding the notation): a preliminary number of bolts required is determined from equation (62) a bolt spacing s p equal to 4-5 d f should be used (even if smaller spacing are possible) and that: (89) a 2 1.25a 1 Calculate : d = 1 sh
p

li

s4 s3

li

(90)

Figure 56 Yield lines (b) Hollows, 4 bolts

HOLLOW SECTION (CHS) varying no. of anchor bolts (IWIMM Model) The recommended model for the design of base plates of CHS with a symmetric arrangement of bolts around the column profile as shown in Fig. 20 is based on IWIMM Model previously outlined in the literature review. The recommended design procedure is as follows: f yi f 3t 2 i N t = 2 ti (87) (88)

The designer should then select a preliminary plate thickness in the following range:

1KN t KN +
*

(91)

where: K= 4a 310 3 f yis p (where f yi is in MPa)

a 3 = a 1 d f2 + t c calculate : =

KN tf 1 t2 i

a 2 + d f2 (a 2 + a 1 + t c)

(92)

2N * t f yi f 3

with the constraint of 0 The capacity of the steel base plate is then calculated as follows: t2 (1 + )n b i (93) K And N t calculated with equation (93) must be greater than N * t. The actual tension in the anchor bolt group, including prying effects, is determined as follows: N t = a3 * N* tb N t 1 + a
4

where: = 0.9 f 3 = 1 k 3 + k 2 3 4k 1 2k 1 r k 1 = ln r 2 3

k3 = k1 + 2 d r2 = 0 + a1 2 d0 tc r3 = 2 a 1, a 2 and d 0 are defined in Fig. 20 [27] recommends to keep the value of a 1 as small as possible, i.e. between 1.5d f and 2d f (where d f is the nominal diameter of the bolts), while ensuring a minimum of 5 mm clearance between the nut face and the weld around the CHS. Assumptions adopted by this model are a continuous base plate and a weld capacity able to develop the full yield strength of the CHS.

1 +

(94)

where: N* tb = design tension in anchor bolt group including prying effects =

KN * t 1 1 t2 n b i

a 4 = min 1.25a 1, a 2 +

df 2

The anchor bolt group capacity calculated with equation (62) needs to be greater than the axial loads applied to the bolt group calculated with equation (94). This is

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STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 36 NUMBER 2 SEPT 2002