achieved adopting a value p to be used in equation (60) equal to: a b = 1 + a3 4 1 +

transferred by means of friction when the column is subject to axial compression loading. The shear capacity is calculated as follows: V f = N * c (97)

(95)

The evaluation of the capacity of an existing base plate is carried out following the design procedure previously outlined. Instead of the preliminary values the actual number of bolts and plate thickness are utilised.

5.4.8.

Design of weld at column base

The design of the weld at the base of the column is carried out in accordance with Clause 9.7.3.10 of AS 4100. The weld is designed as a fillet weld and its design capacity N w is calculated as follows: N w = v wL w = 0.6f uw t t k rL w (96) where: = 0.8 for all SP welds except longitudinal fillet welds on RHS/SHS with t < 3 mm (Table 3.4 of AS 4100) 0.7 for all longitudinal SP fillet on RHS/SHS with t < 3 mm (Table 3.4 of AS 4100) 0.6 for all GP welds (Table 3.4 of AS 4100) k r = 1 (reduction factor to account for length of welded lap connection) Refer to Section 13. for tabulated values of v w. The fillet weld is recommended to be placed all around the column section profile.

where: = 0.8 = coefficient of friction V f = shear capacity of the base plate transferred by friction Coefficients of friction available in literature are shown in Fig. 57 and are specified as follows: [2][21][22] 0.9 - concrete or grout against as-rolled steel when the contact plane is the full base plate thickness below the concrete surface (i.e. recessed); 0.7 - for concrete or grout placed against the as-rolled steel surface with the contact plane coincidental with the concrete surface; 0.55 - for grouted conditions with the contact plane between the grout and the as-rolled steel exterior to the concrete surface (normal condition). = 0.9

6. SHEAR 6.1. INTRODUCTION

The shear action may be assumed to be transferred from the column to the concrete base either: 1. by friction between between base plate and concrete/grout base or by recessing the base plate into the concrete footing; 2. by a shear key (or shear lug); 3. by the anchor bolts; 4. by a combination of two or more of the above. Available design information regarding the transfer of shear by each of these means with and without axial loading is now outlined. It is interesting to note how there are still very different opinions regarding the ability of anchor bolts to transfer shear actions. For clarity, the literature review regarding the behaviour of anchor bolts is further divided into the case of anchor bolts subject to shear only or to shear and axial compression and the case of anchor bolts subject to shear and axial tension.

= 0.7

= 0.55

Figure 57 Coefficients of Friction (Ref. [26]) 6.3. TRANSFER OF SHEAR BY A SHEAR KEY- LITERATURE REVIEW

6.2.

TRANSFER OF SHEAR BY FRICTION OR BY RECESSING THE BASE PLATE INTO THE CONCRETE LITERATURE REVIEW

Available design guidelines agree that in the presence of a shear key, the shear force is transferred through the shear key acting as a cantilever and bearing against the concrete surface as shown in Fig. 58 while no bearing is assumed to occur against the grout. The bearing capacity of the concrete is calculated in accordance with AS 3600 [10]. Uniform bearing pressure is assumed to occur at the interface between the shear key and the concrete equal to the maximum bearing capacity of the concrete. The shear key is designed as a cantilever to carry the assumed bearing pressure. [26] The required area of the shear key is determined based on the bearing concrete strength 0.85f c as shown in Fig. 58: A sk = V* s 0.85 cf c (98)

There is general agreement regarding the determination of the shear capacity of a base plate which can be

where: = 0.8 A sk = area of the shear key

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 36 NUMBER 2 SEPT 2002

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