Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
CODES
A code gives guidelines about the subject.It tells rejection and acceptance part of it. EX: ASME SEC VIII DIV 1 Standards is for specific product and gives guarantee for quality of that product. EX: ANSI B 16.5 Regulations rules.EX:IBR are government imposed
Piping transporting product which are predominately gas between sources and terminals.including compressor, regulating,and metering station, and gas gathering pipelines, B 31.9 BUILDING SERVICES PIPING.
Piping typically found in industrial ,institutional,commercials,and public building and in multi-unit residences
SCOPE OF B31.3
a) This Code prescribes requirements for Materials and components, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of piping. b) This code applies to piping for all fluids, including: 1) Raw, intermediate, and finished chemicals; 2) Petroleum products; 3) Gas, steam, air, and water;
4) Fluidized solids;
5) Refrigerants; 6) Cryogenic fluids (-151o to 425oF).
EXCLUSIONS OF B31.3
This code excludes following: Piping systems design for internal gauge pressures at or above zero but less than 105kPa (15psi), provided the fluid handled is nonflammable, nontoxic, and not damaging to human tissue and its design temperature is from 29oC (-20oF) through 186oC (366oF); Power boiler s in accordance with BPV code Section-I and boiler external piping which is required to confirm to B31.1 Tubes, tube headers, crossovers, and manifolds of fired heaters, which are internal to the heater enclosure; and Pressure vessels, heat exchangers, pumps, compressors, and other fluid handling or processing equipment, including internal piping and connections for external piping.
DESIGN PRESSURE
The design pressure of each component in a piping system shall be not less than the pressure at the most severe condition of coincident internal or external pressure (Minimum or Maximum) expected during service
DESIGN TEMPERATURE
The design temperature or each component in a piping system is the coincident temperature,under the coincident pressure, the greatest thickness or highest component rating is required.
MINIMUM TEMPERATURE
The design minimum temperature is the lowest component temperature expected in service.
If the pressure is in excess of 2500 rating for specified design temperature and material group.
The minimum thickness T for the pipe selected, considering manufacturers minus tolerance, shall be not less than tm.. tm = t + c Where, tm = minimum required thickness including mechanical, corrosion, and erosion allowances. t = pressure design thickness
IMPACT TESTING
For carbon steels, impact testing exemption is given in fig 323.2.2a of B31.3.If a design minimum metal temperature-thickness combination is on or above the curve, impact testing is not required.
NPS- A dimension less designator of pipe .It indicates standard pipe size when followed by the specific size designation number with out an inch symbol (eg NPS 2, NPS 12) NORMALISING- A process in which a ferrous metal is heated to a suitable temperature above the transformation range and is subsequently cooled in still air at room temperature. POST HEATING- The application of heat to a fabricated or welded section subsequent to a fabrication, welding or cutting operation. Post heating ,or the entire assembly may be post heated in a furnace. POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT- Any heat treatment subsequent to welding.
PREHEATING- The application of heat to a base metal immediately prior to a welding or cutting operation.
Galvanizing A process by which the surface of iron or steel is covered with a layer of zinc
PREHEATING
Preheating is used, along with heat treatment, to minimize the detrimental effects of high temperature and severer thermal gradients inherent in welding. Requirement and recommendations : Required and recommended minimum preheat temperatures for materials of various P-Numbers are given in table. If the ambient temperature is below 0oC (32oF), the recommendation become requirements. Preheat Zone : Preheat zone shall extend at least 25mm (1in.) beyond each edge of the weld.
HEAT TREATMENT
Heat treatment is used to avert or relieve the detrimental effects of high temperature and severe temperature gradients inherent in welding, and to relieve residual stresses created by bending and forming. Governing thickness : When components are joined by welding, the thickness to be used in applying the heat treatment provisions of Table 331.1.1 shall be that of the thicker component measured at the joint.
PRE-ENGINEERING SURVEY
EQUIPMENT LAYOUT
ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS PIPING GENERAL ARRANGEMENT MATERIAL TAKE OFF
PURCHASE SPECIFICATION
PIPE SUPPORT
PRE-CONSTRUCTION SURVEY
INSTALLATION
INSTRUMENTION DIAGRAM.
PIG
Device that moves through the inside of a pipeline for the purpose of cleaning . NEED OF PIG A PIPELINE: Remove any debris left in the line from the new construction To maintain line efficiency Types of pigs 1) cleaning pigs:equipped with wire brushes or blades to do the cleaning 2) sealing pigs:used during hydrostatic testing of pipelines
Pig launchers are used to launch the pig into the pipeline & receiver to receive pigs after they have made successful run Shall be installed horizontally with 5 slope in the direction of flow Internal dia of launcher/receiver shall be atleast 2 higher than the pipe dia F.B valves on launcher/receiver must be round All distribution/collection header shall have their dead ends blind flange
SCRAPPER TEE
Purpose of scrapper tee is not to allow passage of pipe scrapper / pig on to the branch pipe. Consists of concentric barrel tees Suitable for pigging operation with process hydrocarbon/raw sea water Inside dia shall be same as that of inside dia of riser to maintain smooth pigging operation. Maximum opening shall be provided through slots to limit the pressure drop. Total opening shall be 1 to 1.5 times branch pipe area
FLANGE
BRANCH PIPE SOCKOLET PIG DETECTOR
SCRAPPER TEE
SERVICE. HEADER.
GAS
TEST SEPERATOR.
CI
PIPE SEPERATOR.
OIL + WATER + GAS GAS FROM SERVICE GAS HEADER.
PRODUCTION MANIFOLD.
CRUDE OIL MIXTURE (OIL+WATER+GAS)
HEAT EXCHANGER.
HEATED GAS TO CONSUMER LINES.
LAUNCHER
CI
CHRISTMAS TREE.
OIL WELL
1.5-DH-A1N-1129SIZE
FLUID SERVICE MATERIAL CLASS
LINE NUMBER
LINE LIST
PROVIDES SUMMARY OF ALL PROCESS PARAMETERS OF SYSTEM. IT IS PREPARED FROM P&ID.
PROVIDES INFORMATION ON :
LINE NUMBER - FLUID IN SYSTEM SERVICE CLASS - HEAT TRACING PAINTING - LINE SIZE FLUID PHASE OPERATING & DESIGN PRESSURE , TEMPERATURES STRESS RELIEVING REQUIREMENT RADIOGRAPHY REQUIREMENT PWHT REQUIREMENT TEST FLUID & TEST PRESSURE INSULATION REQUIREMENT
LINE LIST
EQUIPMENT LAYOUT
THIS DIAGRAM INDICATES THE POSITION OF EQUIPMENT IN THE PLANT. ALL EQUIPMENTS ARE LOCATED WITH THEIR CO-ORDINATES OR THEY ARE LOCATED FROM GRID REFERENCE POINTS. FOR EACH EQUIPMENT ITS TAG NUMBER IS ATTACHED. THIS DRAWING IS PREPARED BY PIPING ENGINEER WITH THE HELP OF PROCESS ENGINEER PIPING ENGINEER FURTHER DEVELOPS HIS GENERAL ARRANGMENT DIAGRAM BASED ON THIS.
ISOMETRIC DRAWING
LINE DIAGRAM OF PIPING, SHOWS FOLLOWING :
- Bill of material
- Piping Class - Service of fluid - Pipe support type
Activities in ISOS 1) Numbering of shop joint & offshore joints in successive numbers 2) Numbering of spool according to the individual spools 3) Check the BOM according to the item no.,inch,schedule&description 4) According to the pipe size,the no.of shop,offshore joints are added in the table inside the isometric. 5) Inch meter,inch dia is calculated 6) Inch meter =pipe length in meter x pipe size in inch 7) Inch dia =pipe size in inch x no.of joints 8) No.of spools are noted in the table 9) For the continuing sheets,the numbering of shop joints,offshore & spool numbers will also be continuous.
PIPE SUPPORTS
PROVIDE SUPPPORT SO THAT, PIPE DOES NOT SAG OR BEND
1.
2. 3.
4.
5.
th
tf
th = Header thickness
THANK YOU