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Fastener retention

In practice, it is not always possible to achieve a sufficiently secure threaded connection through the use of good design alone. In such cases it is necessary to use fastener retention components, in order to prevent threaded connections working loose or falling out completely. The various retention means available are divided into the

following groups, according to their mode of operation: Retaining elements Loss prevention elements Unscrewing prevention elements The table shows possible causes of loosening and the mechanisms by which this can be prevented.

Cause of loosening Slackening due to setting or creep

Grouping of retainer types by: Function Retaining Operating principle Reduction of contact pressure Compressible spring elements Example Screw and washer assemblies, e.g. DIN EN ISO 10644 Hexagon bolts with flange, DIN EN 1665 Disc springs, DIN 2093 Conical spring washers, DIN 6796 and B 53072 Screw and washer assemblies, DIN 6900-5 Nuts with captive washers, B 53010 Hexagon slotted and castle nuts, DIN 935 and DIN 979 Fasteners with split pin hole, DIN 962 Wire retainers Tab washers Prevailing torque type all-metal nuts, e.g. DIN 6927 Prevailing torque type hex nuts with non-metallic insert, e.g. DIN 6926 Threaded fasteners with plastic coating in thread, e.g. B 53081, Thread rolling screws DIN 7500, HELICOIL screwlock B 62000 Serrated washer head screws and nuts, e.g. B 158 Wedge-locking washers, B 53074

Unscrewing due to loss of self-locking

Loss prevention

Positive-locking

Self-locking

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Unscrewing prevention Locking components Locking, tensioning components Adhesive components

Microencapsulated fasteners, e.g. B 53084

A distinction can be made between two basic mechanisms for self-loosening slackening and unscrewing. Slackening is caused by dynamic or static loads, particularly in the axial direction, that lead to stresses in excess of the allowable limits, thereby inducing setting and creep processes. This reduces the remaining clamping length, which in turn causes a reduction in the preload force applied. Conversely, unscrewing is caused by dynamic loads that act radially to the axis of the fastener,

which causes the clamped components to slip with respect to each other. When the resultant lateral forces present are greater than the static friction produced between the components by the preload force, then the slip limit is said to have been exceeded; this can induce a gyratory motion around the axis of the fastener. This relative motion produces an internal untightening torque, which can lead to the preload force being lost completely, and can even result in connected components falling apart completely.

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