Beruflich Dokumente
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C
30
8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000
Depth, m
3,000 2,000 1,000 0
35
40
45
50
Hydrate zone Manifold
FPSO
Flowline
Sea level
995 m
29. Amin et al, reference 26.
Spring 2005 17
As subsea completion technology matures,
developments such as coiled tubing have spurred
offshore operators and service companies to
apply their deepwater experience to marginal
fields in shallower waters on the continental
shelf. Continuous lengths of coiled tubing can be
manufactured to withstand pressures required of
subsea production lines, and require fewer welds
per mile than traditional pipelines.
Some single-well reservoirs on the US
Continental Shelf have been tied back to exist-
ing platforms, often using coiled tubing for
flowlines and umbilicals. For example, an
18-mile [30-km] coiled tubing tieback in the
Gulf of Mexico was commissioned from 1,250-ft
[381-m] waters of Garden Banks Block 208 to an
existing platform at Vermillion Block 398 in
450 ft [137 m] of water. At Garden Banks
Block 73, 2.7 miles [4.3 km] of coiled tubing
were used to tie a single subsea well to a plat-
form in water depths ranging from 500 to 700 ft
[152 to 213 m]. A well in 375 ft [114 m] of water
at West Cameron Block 638 was tied by coiled
tubing to another operators platform in 394 ft
[120 m] of water at West Cameron 648.
However, owline systems in shallow waters
are not completely free of subsea production
assurance problems. In some cases, the problems
can be addressed by injecting methanol, corro-
sion inhibitors and parafn suppressants at the
subsea tree. In any event, the reservoir must be
sampled, the samples must be analyzed, and the
analysis must be incorporated into the design
plan to anticipate and prevent production
assurance problems.
In deep and shallow waters, reservoir
uid analysis and front-end engineering design,
coupled with advances in artificial lift, flow
boosting and fast-acting subsea monitoring
systems are turning small, sometimes isolated,
reservoirs into economically viable assets. MV
>
Event analyzer output. DTS, wellbore pressure and owline pressure trends are integrated and displayed by the
subsea monitoring and control connectivity platform. Taken together, these trends indicate that the uid system had
dropped into the hydrate formation zone.
Schlumberger Event Analyzer has detected a possible
production assurance event.
Pipeline 1A DTS has detected a
temperature DROP at the riser
in a HYDRATE zone.
Decrease of 3.41 C
in 2 hours.
Related events
Well 1A Production Pressure FPSO Pipeline 1 Boarding Pressure
Decrease in well 1A production pressure.
Pressure decrease of 996.4 psia in 2 hours.
FPSO Pipeline Water Production
FPSO control system indicates a water
production rate alarm for manifold 1.
Decrease in FPSO pipeline 1 boarding pressure.
Pressure decrease of 121.23 psia in 2 hours.
Exit
4,000
3,500
3,000
P
S
I
A
2,500
2,000
1,400
40
38
36
34
32
30
1,300
1,200
P
S
I
A
D
e
g
r
e
e
s
C
1,100
1,000
EVENT ANALYZER ANALYSIS
Causes and Probabilities