TAKE HOME EXAM UKP Question 1 All of the following question use the UKP1.sav data file. a.

Using a bar chart, examine the number of students in each section of the class along with whether or not students attended the review session. Does there appear to be a relation between these variables? Using the line graph, examine the relationship between attending the review session and section on the final exam score. What does this relationship look like? Create a boxplot of quiz 1 score. What does this tell you about the distribution of the quiz scores? Create a boxplot quiz 2 scores. How does the distribution of this quiz differ from the distribution of quiz 1? Which case number is the outlier? Based on the examination of a histogram, does it appear that students previous GPAs are normally distributed? So, what kind statistical test should be? Show the result.

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Question 2 By using UKP1.sav data file, circle the two mean values that are being compared, circle the appropriate significant value (be sure to consider equal or unequal variance). a. b. Compare men with women (gender) for quiz1, quiz2, quiz3, quiz4, quiz5, final, total Determine whether the following pairings produce significant differences: quiz1 with quiz2, quiz1 with quiz3, quiz1 with quiz4, quiz1 with quiz5 Compare the GPA variable (gpa) with the mean GPA of the university of 2.89.

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Question 3 An investigation was carried out in order to seek an answer to the question as to whether any significant differences exist in the characteristics of advertisements among different magazines or groups of magazines. Thirty magazines were ranked by educational level of their readers. Three magazines were randomly selected from, respectively, the first ten, second ten, and third ten magazines. Six advertisements were randomly selected from each of the nine selected magazines. The magazines were grouped as follows: Group 1 highest educational level: 1. Scientific American, 2. Fortune, 3. The New Yorker. Group 2 medium educational level: 4. Sports Illustrated, 5. Newsweek, 6. People. Group 3 lowest educational level: 7. National Enquirer, 8. Grit, 9 True Confessions. For each advertisement, the number of words and sentences in the advertisement copy was counted. The data file UKP2.sav contains 54 cases with the following variables: 1. Words = number of words in advertisement copy. 2. Sentences = number of sentences in advertisement copy. 3. Magazine = magazine (1 through 9 as above). 4. Group = educational level (as above). Analyze the data thoroughly as follows: 1. Start with a comparison of the number of words in advertisements in the three groups and formulate a null hypothesis and a corresponding alternative hypothesis as a basis for the statistical analysis. Draw a simple error bar plot. What do you see?

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Investigate whether any of the assumptions behind the ANOVA are violated. Test your hypothesis on the 5% level of significance. If the result of the omnibus test is significant, follow up with a suitable post hoc analysis to determine which groups actually differ with respect to the number of words counted. Let us, for a while, disregard the actual design of the study and treat the data as independent samples from 9 selected magazines. Investigate if there are any significant differences between these selected magazines, following the same procedure (steps 1 through 4) as above. There is one more dependent variable in the data set, namely the number of sentences in each advertisement. Follow the same procedure as above and compare the number of sentences in advertisements in the three groups. In an investigation like this, it is important to carefully consider which characteristics to use or look for. Looking at the number of sentences and words separately may tell us something, but maybe we can get an event better understanding if we look at them taken together. One simple way of doing this is to plot the two variables in a scatter plot with different symbols or colours for the different groups. Try this what do you see? Another way to do it is to look at the average number of words per sentence, which we would expect to give us a better picture of the complexity of the language used in the advertisements. Compute a new variable representing the number of words per sentence for each case (use Compute Variable from the Transform pull-down menu) and investigate if there are any (statistically) significant differences between groups.

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Question 4 The data are stored in the file UKP3.sav. 1. Start with a visual inspection of the data draw a scatter plot with the variable Preparation on the x-axis and Mark on the y-axis. Does the graph indicate any association between the two variables? 2. To obtain a quantitative measure of the degree of association between the two variables, select Correlate Bivariate from the Analyze pull-down menu. In the dialogue box, move the two variables Preparation and Mark into the Variables frame. Make sure that Pearson is selected in the Correlation Coefficients frame and that Two-tailed is selected in the Test of Significance frame. Click OK. Take a look at the output table: What is the correlation between the two variables? Is it significant? To perform a linear regression analysis, select Regression Linear from the Analyze pull down menu. In the Linear Regression dialogue box select Mark as Dependent and Preparation as Independent. To get some graphs for the model validation, click the Plots button and select *SDRESID as Y and *ZPRED as X. Select Histogram and Normal probability plot in the Standardized Residual Plots frame. Click Continue and the OK in the Linear Regression box to perform the analysis. Take a look at the output: a. b. Compare R in the Model Summary table with the correlation coefficient that you obtained above. From the results presented in the ANOVA table, what can you say about the overall linear regression model is it significant? What is the intercept and slope of the estimated regression line, and are they both significantly different from zero? Also compare the sign of the estimated slope with the sign of the correlation coefficient should they have equal or opposite signs? The ANOVA and the t-tests used in the analysis assume that the errors are normally distributed and have constant variance. Are there any signs in the plots of the residuals that these assumptions are not met?

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To insert a regression line in the scatter plot of the data, right-click on the graph and choose Edit Content In Separate Window from the pop-up menu. In the Chart Editor select Fit Line at Total from the Elements pull-down menu. Make sure that Linear is selected in the Fit Method box in the Fit Line tab. Then click Close to proceed. The least squares linear regression line should now be visible in the graph. Close the Chart Editor. Perform the corresponding analysis with the variable Pub (which represents hours spent at the pub instead of preparing for the exam) as independent variable and Mark as dependent variable. Finally, do the same with the variable Commuting (which represents hours spent commuting to and from the university) as independent variable and Mark as dependent variable.

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Question 5 The data file UKP4.sav contains one column with x values and another column with corresponding y values. The number of the observation (case number) is also given in a separate column. The data set actually consists of four different subsets (named A, B, C, and D), which should be analyzed separately. Plot the four groups of data in separate graphs, add the leas squares fitted line to each of the graphs, and perform a linear regression analysis of each of the four data sets separately. Compare the results what do you find? Look at the graphs and try to find explanations to your findings. What is your conclusion concerning automatic use of regression analysis and the trustworthiness of summary statistics such as the coefficient of determination (R2)?

Hint: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Type in ARIAL , font 10 Paste the SPSS output by using paste special to the word. Report must be your own approach ( can refer from the statistics books) and strictly do not copy paste from others. Put your name, , programme, matric no, mobile phone, passport photo and e-mail: Compulsory Due date: Nov 2013