Section 9.

7
C09S07.001: Given: 2x

+ 50x = 0; x(0) = 4, x

(0) = 15. The general solution and its derivative are

x(t) = Acos 5t + B sin5t and
x

(t) = 5Asin5t + 5B cos 5t.

The initial conditions yield A = 4 and B = 3. In the notation is Section 9.7, we have
C =

16 + 9 = 5, cos =
4
5
, and sin =
3
5
.
Therefore x(t) = 5 cos
_
5t tan
1 3
4
_
5 cos(5t 0.64350111).
C09S07.002: Given: 3x

+ 48x = 0; x(0) = 6, x

(0) = 32. The general solution and its derivative

are
x(t) = Acos 4t + B sin4t and
x

(t) = 4Asin4t + 4B cos 4t.

The initial conditions yield A = 6 and B = 8. Hence
x(t) = 6 cos 4t + 8 sin4t.
In the notation of Section 9.7,
C =

36 + 64 = 10, cos =
3
5
, and sin =
4
5
.
Thus the phase angle lies in the second quadrant, and so = + tan
1
_

4
3
_
= tan
1 4
3
. Thus
x(t) = 10 cos
_
4t + tan
1 4
3
_
10 cos(4t 2.21429744).
C09S07.003: Given: 4x

+ 36x = 0; x(0) = 5, x

(0) = 36. Then the general solution and its

derivative are
x(t) = Acos 3t + B sin3t and
x

(t) = 3Asin3t + 4B cos 3t.

Then the initial conditions yields A = 5 and B = 12, so the solution is
x(t) = 5 cos 3t 12 sin3t.
In the notation of Section 9.7 we have
C =

25 + 144 = 13, cos =
5
13
, and sin =
12
13
.
Thus the phase angle lies in the third quadrant; = + tan
1
_
12
5
_
. Hence
x(t) = 13 cos
_
3t tan
1 12
5
_
13 cos(3t 4.31759786).
1
C09S07.004: Given: 5x

+ 80x = 0, x(0) = 15, x

(0) = 32. The general solution and its derivative

are
x(t) = Acos 4t + B sin4t and
x

(t) = 4Asin4t + 4B cos 4t.

The initial conditions yield A = 15 and B = 8. In the notation of Section 9.7, we have
C =

225 + 64 = 17, cos =
15
17
, and sin =
5
17
.
Thus the phase angle is = 2 + tan
1
_

8
15
_
, and therefore
x(t) = 17 cos
_
4t 2 + tan
1 8
15
_
17 cos(4t + 0.48995733).
C09S07.005: Given: x

+ 6x

+ 8x = 0. The characteristic equation is

r
2
+ 6r + 8 = (r + 2)(r + 4) = 0
with roots 2 and 4. In the notation of Section 9.7, c
2
= 9 > 8 = 4km, so the motion is overdamped.
The general solution is x(t) = Ae
2t
+ Be
4t
, and the initial conditions yield A = 4 and B = 2. Hence
the solution is
x(t) = 4e
2t
2e
4t
.
C09S07.006: Given: x

+ 10x

+ 21x = 0. The characteristic equation is

r
2
+ 10r + 21 = (r + 3)(r + 7) = 0,
with roots 3 and 7. In the notation of Section 9.7, c
2
= 100 > 84 = 4km, so the resulting motion is
overdamped. The general solution is x(t) = Ae
3t
+ Be
7t
, and the initial conditions yield A = 4 and
B = 2. Hence
x(t) = 4e
3t
2e
7t
.
C09S07.007: The characteristic equation is
r
2
+ 8r + 16 = (r + 4)
2
= 0,
with repeated roots r
1
= r
2
= 4. In the notation of Section 9.7, c
2
4km = 64 64 = 0, so the motion is
critically damped. The general solution is
x(t) = (A + Bt)e
4t
,
and the initial conditions yield A = 5 and B = 10. Hence
x(t) = (10t + 5)e
4t
.
C09S07.008: The characteristic equation is r
2
+ 6r + 25 = 0, with roots
2
r
1
, r
2
=
6

36 100
2
=
6 8i
2
= 3 4i.
In the notation of Section 9.7, c
2
= 144 < 400 = 4km, so the motion is underdamped. The general solution
and its derivative are
x(t) = e
3t
(Acos 4t + B sin4t) and
x

(t) = e
3t
(4B cos 4t 4Asin4t) 3e
3t
(Acos 4t + B sin4t),
and the given initial conditions yield A = 0 and B = 2. Hence the solution is
x(t) = 2e
3t
sin4t = 2e
3t
cos
_
4t

2
_
.
C09S07.009: The dierential equation has characteristic equation r
2
+ 8r + 20 = 0, with roots
r
1
, r
2
=
8

64 80
2
=
8 4i
2
= 4 2i.
Thus the dierential equation has general solution
x(t) = e
4t
(Acos 2t + B sin2t).
Because (in the notation of Section 9.7) c
2
= 256 < 320 = 4km, the motion is underdamped. The initial
conditions yield A = 5 and B = 12, so one form of the solution is
x(t) = e
4t
(5 cos 2t + 12 sin2t).
Continuing the notation of Section 9.7, we have
C =
_
A
2
+ B
2
= 13, cos =
5
13
, and sin =
12
13
,
and hence = tan
1 12
5
. Thus the solution may also be written in the form
x(t) = 13e
4t
cos
_
2t tan
1
12
5
_
13e
4t
cos(2t 1.17600521).
C09S07.010: Given: x

+10x

+125x = 0. The associated characteristic equation is r

2
+10r +125 = 0,
with roots
r
1
, r
2
=
10

100 500
2
= 5 10i.
In the notation of Section 9.7, we have c
2
4km = 100 500 < 0, so the motion is underdamped. The
general solution of the dierential equation and its derivative are
x(t) = e
5t
(Acos 10t + B sin10t) and
x

(t) = e
5t
(10B cos 10t 10Asin10t) 5e
5t
(Acos 10t + B sin10t).
The initial conditions yield A = 6 and B = 8, and hence one form of the solution is
3
x(t) = e
5t
(6 cos 10t + 8 sin10t).
Continuing the notation of Section 9.7, we have
C =
_
A
2
+ B
2
= 10, cos =
3
5
, and sin =
4
5
.
Therefore = tan
1
4
3
, and therefore
x(t) = 10e
5t
cos
_
10t tan
1
4
3
_
10e
5t
cos(10t 0.92729522).
C09S07.011: The associated homogeneous equation is x

+9x = 0, which has the complementary solution

x
c
(t) = c
1
cos 3t + c
2
sin3t. A particular solution has the form
x
p
(t) = Acos 2t + B sin2t,
and substitution into the original nonhomogeneous equation yields
4Acos 2t 4B sin2t + 9Acos 2t + 9B sin2t = 10 cos 2t,
so that A = 2 and B = 0. Hence the general solution of the nonhomogeneous equation, and its derivative,
are
x(t) = c
1
cos 3t + c
2
sin3t 2 cos 2t and
x

(t) = 3c
2
cos 3t 3c
1
sin3t + 4 sin2t.
The initial conditions x(0) = x

(0) = 0 then yield c

1
= 2 and c
2
= 0. Therefore
x(t) = 2 cos 2t 2 cos 3t.
C09S07.012: The associated homogeneous equation has characteristic equation r
2
+4 = 0, and hence the
complementary solution is
x
c
(t) = c
1
cos 2t + c
2
sin2t.
A particular solution of the nonhomogeneous equation has the form x
p
(t) = Acos 3t+B sin3t, and it follows
easily that
x

p
(t) + 4x
p
(t) = 9Acos 3t 9B sin3t + 4Acos 3t + 4B sin3t = 5 sin3t.
Thus A = 0 and B = 1. Hence the general solution of the original equation is
x(t) = c
1
cos 2t + c
2
sin2t sin3t.
The initial conditions x(0) = x

(0) = 0 then yield c

1
= 0 and c
2
=
3
2
. Hence the solution of the given initial
value problem is
x(t) =
3
2
sin2t sin3t.
4
C09S07.013: The associated homogeneous equation has characteristic equation r
2
+ 100 = 0 and thus
complementary solution
x
c
(t) = c
1
cos 10t + c
2
sin10t.
The given nonhomogeneous equation has particular solution of the form x
p
(t) = Acos 5t + B sin5t, and
substitution yields
x

p
(t) + 100x
p
(t) = 75Acos 5t + 75B sin5t = 300 sin5t,
so that A = 0 and B = 4. Therefore the nonhomogeneous equation has general solution
x(t) = c
1
cos 10t + c
2
sin10t + 4 sin5t.
The initial conditions x(0) = x

(0) = 0 yield c
1
= 0 and c
2
= 2, so the solution of the original initial value
problem is
x(t) = 4 sin5t 2 sin10t.
C09S07.014: The characteristic equation of the associated homogeneous equation is r
2
+ 25 = 0, so
the complementary solution is x
c
(t) = c
1
cos 5t + c
2
sin5t. Moreover, a particular solution has the form
x
p
(t) = Acos 4t + B sin4t, and substitution yields
x

p
(t) + 25x
p
(t) = 9Acos 4t + 9B sin4t = 90 cos 4t,
so that A = 10 and B = 0. Hence the original dierential equation has general solution
x(t) = c
1
cos 5t + c
2
sin5t + 10 cos 4t.
The initial conditions x(0) = 25, x

(0) = 10 then yield c

1
= 15 and c
2
= 2. Therefore the general solution
of the given initial value problem is
x(t) = 15 cos 5t + 2 sin5t + 10 cos 4t.
In the notation of Section 9.7, we have
C =

225 + 4 =

229 , cos =
15

229
, and sin =
2

229
.
Therefore the general solution may also be expressed in the form
x(t) = 10 cos 4t +

229 cos
_
5t tan
1
2
15
_
10 cos 4t +

229 cos(5t 0.13255153).

C09S07.015: The steady periodic solution has the form
x
sp
(t) = Acos 3t + B sin3t
and satises the given dierential equation; therefore
9Acos 3t 9B sin3t 12Asin3t + 12B cos 3t + 4Acos 3t + 4B sin3t = 130 cos 3t,
5
and it follows that A and B are solutions of the simultaneous equations
5A + 12B = 130,
5B 12A = 0, so that
A =
50
13
and B =
120
13
.
Therefore
x
sp
(t) =
50
13
cos 3t +
120
13
sin3t.
In the notation of Section 9.7, we have
C =
_
A
2
+ B
2
= 10, cos =
5
13
, and sin =
12
13
.
Consequently C = 1, = tan
1
_
12
5
_
, and
x
sp
(t) = 10 cos
_
3t + tan
1 12
5
_
10 cos(3t 1.96558745).
C09S07.016: The steady periodic solution has the form x
sp
(t) = Acos 5t + B sin5t and satises the
equation
25Acos 5t 25B sin5t 15Asin5t + 15B cos 5t + 5Acos 5t + 5B sin5t = 150 cos 5t.
Hence the coecients A and B satisfy the simultaneous equations
20A + 15B = 500,
20B 15B = 0.
It follows that A = 16 and B = 12, so x
sp
(t) = 16 cos 5t 12 sin5t. In the notation of Section 9.7,
C =
_
A
2
+ B
2
= 20, cos =
4
5
, and sin =
3
5
.
Therefore tan =
3
4
, and hence
x
sp
(t) = 20 cos
_
5t + tan
1 3
4
_
20 cos(5t + 0.64350111).
C09S07.017: The associated homogeneous equation has characteristic equation r
2
+ 4r + 5 , = 0, with
roots
r
1
, r
2
=
4

4 20
2
= 2 i,
so the complementary solution has the form x
c
(t) = e
2t
(c
1
cos t +c
2
sint). The steady periodic solution hs
the form x
sp
(t) = Acos 3t + B sin3t, and substitution in the original dierential equation yields
9Acos 3t 9B sin3t 12Asin3t + 12B cos 3t + 5Acos 3t + 5B sin3t = 40 cos 3t;
6
4A + 12B = 40,
4B 12A = 0.
Therefore A = 1 and B = 3, so that x
sp
(t) = 3 sin3t cos 3t. The general solution x(t) of the original
dierential equation is thus
x(t) = e
2t
(c
1
cos t + c
2
sint) + 3 sin3t cos 3t; moreover
x

(t) = e
2t
(c
2
cos t c
1
sint 2c
1
cos t 2c
2
sint) + 9 cos 3t + 3 sin3t.
The initial conditions x(0) = x

(0) = 0 next yield

c
1
1 = 0,
c
2
2c
1
+ 9 = 0,
and thus c
1
= 1 and c
2
= 7. Hence the general solution of the given initial value problem is
x(t) = e
2t
(cos t 7 sint) + 3 sin3t cos 3t.
The transient solution is x
tr
(t) = e
2t
(cos t 7 sint). In the notation of Section 9.7, we have
C =

1 + 49 = 5

2 , cos =
1
5

2
, and sin =
7
5

2
.
Hence = 2 tan
1
(7). Therefore the transient solution may be expressed in the form
x
tr
(t) = 5e
2t

2 cos(t 2 + tan
1
7) = 5e
2t

2 cos(t + tan
1
7) 5e
2t

2 cos(t + 1.42889927).
The steady periodic solution is x
sp
(t) = 3 sin3t cos 3t. In the notation of Section 9.7,
C =

10 , cos =
1

10
, and sin =
3

10
.
Therefore = + tan
1
(3) = tan
1
(3). Hence
x
sp
(t) =

10 cos(3t + tan
1
3)

10 cos(3t 1.89254688).
C09S07.018: The roots of the characteristic equation are 4 3i. The complementary and particular
solutions are
x
c
(t) = e
4t
(c
1
cos 3t + c
2
sin3t) and x
p
(t) = Acos t + B sint.
Substitution of the latter in the original dierential equation yields A = 1 and B = 22. Hence x
p
(t) =
cos t + 22 sint, and the general solution of the original dierential equation is
x(t) = e
4t
(c
1
cos 3t + c
2
sin3t) + cos t + 22 sint; moreover,
x

(t) = e
4t
(3c
2
cos 3t 3c
1
sin3t 4c
1
cos 3t 4c
2
sin3t) sint + 22 cos t.
The initial condition x(0) = 5 implies that c
1
= 4, and the condition x

(0) = 0 then yields c

2
= 2. Hence
the given initial value problem has solution
7
x(t) = e
4t
(4 cos 3t 2 sin3t) + cos t + 22 sint.
The transient solution is x
tr
(t) = e
4t
(4 cos 3t 2 sin3t). In this notation of Section 9.7, we have
C =

16 + 4 = 2

5 , cos =
2

5
, and sin =
1

5
.
Therefore
x
tr
(t) = 2e
4t

5 cos
_
3t + 2 arctan
1
2
_
2e
4t

5 cos(3t 0.46364761).
The steady periodic solution is x
sp
(t) = cos t + 22 sint. Again using the notation of Section 9.7, we have
C =

485 , cos =
1

485
, and sin =
22

485
.
Therefore tan = 22 and
x
sp
(t) =

485 cos(t arctan22)

485 cos(t 1.52537305).

C09S07.019: Equation (8) yields frequency 2 rad/s; that is,
1

Hz. The period is s.

C09S07.020: With m =
3
4
, k = 48, and c = 0, we nd that the frequency is
0
=
_
k/m = 8 rad/s and
the period is T = 2/
0
= /4 s.
C09S07.021: The spring constant is k = 15/0.2 = 75 N/m. The solution of 3x

+75x = 0 with x(0) = 0

and x

(0) = 10 is x(t) = 2 sin5t. Thus the amplitude is 2 m, the frequency is 5 rad/s, and the period
is 2/5 s. (C.H.E.)
C09S07.022: Part (a): With m =
1
4
(kg) and k = 9/(0.25) = 36 (N/m) we nd that
0
= 12 (rad/s).
The solution of x

+ 144x = 0 with x(0) = 1 and x

(0) = 5 is
x(t) = cos 12t
5
12
sin12t
=
13
12
_
12
13
cos 12t
5
13
sin12t
_
=
13
12
cos(12t )
where = 2 tan
1
_
5
12
_
0.58883942. Part (b): Here we have
C =
13
12
1.08333333 (ft) and T =
2
12
0.52359878 (s). (C.H.E.)
C09S07.023: Following the suggestion in the statement of the problem, we have
mx

+ cx

+ kx = F(t) + mg; x(0) = x

0
, x

(0) = v
0
. (1)
Note that kx
0
= mg. Hence if we let y(t) = x(t) x
0
, then y(0) = x
0
x
0
= 0 and y

(0) = x

(0) = v
0
.
Thus substitution in the equations in (1) yields
my

+ cy

+ ky + kx
0
= F(t) + kx
0
; that is,
my

+ cy

+ ky = F(t); y(0) = 0, y

(0) = v
0
.
8
C09S07.024: Newtons second law F = a here takes the form
r
2
hx

= r
2
hg r
2
xg; that is,
x

+
g
h
x = g.
The solution of this equation for which x(0) = x

(0) = 0 is
x(t) = h(1 cos
0
t)
where
0
=
_
g/(h) . With the given numerical values of , h, and g, the amplitude of oscillation is
h = 100 cm and the period is
p = 2

h
g
2.007090 (s). (C.H.E.)
C09S07.025: The fact that the buoy weighs 100 lb means that mg = 100, so that m = 100/32 = 3.125
slugs. The weight of water is 62.4 lb/ft
3
, so the equation F = ma of Newtons second law of motion takes
the form
100
32
x

= 100 (62.4)r
2
x.
It follows that the circular frequency of the buoy is given by

2
=
32 (62.4) r
2
100
.
But the fact that the period of the buoy is = 2.5 s means that = 2/(2.5). Equating these two results
yields r 0.3173201415 ft, approximately 3.8078 in. (C.H.E.)
C09S07.026: Part (a): Substitution of M
r
= (r/R)
3
M in R
r
= GM
r
m/r
2
yields
F
r
=
GMm
R
3
r.
Part (b): Because GM/R
3
= g/R, the equation mr

= F
r
yields the dierential equation
r

+
g
R
r = 0. (1)
Part (c): The solution Eq. (1) for which r(0) = R and r

(0) = 0 is r(t) = Rcos

0
t where
0
=
_
g/R.
Hence, with g = 32.2 ft/s
2
and R = 3960 5280 ft, we nd that the period of the simple harmonic motion of
the particle is
p =
2

0
= 2

R
g
5063.0998
(seconds), approximately 84 min 23.0998 s. (C.H.E.)
C09S07.027: Part (a):
x(t) = 50
_
e
2t/5
e
t/2
_
.
9
Part (b): x

(t) = 0 when
25e
t/2
20e
2t/5
= 5e
2t/5
_
5e
t/10
4
_
= 0;
t = 10 ln
5
4
2.23143551.
Hence the greatest distance that the mass travels to the right is
x
_
10 ln
5
4
_
=
512
125
= 4.096. (C.H.E.)
C09S07.028: Part (a):
x(t) = e
t/5
(20 cos 3t + 15 sin3t) = 25e
t/5
cos(3t )
where = tan
1 3
4
0.64350111. Part (b): It follows that the oscillations are bounded by the curves
x = 25e
t/5
and that the pseudoperiod of oscillation is T = 2/3 (because = 3). (C.H.E.)
C09S07.029: Part (a): With m =
12
32
=
3
8
slug, c = 3 lb-s/ft, and k = 24 lb/ft, the dierential equation
takes the form
3x

+ 24x

+ 129x = 0.
The solution satisfying x(0) = 1 and x

(0) = 0 is
x(t) = e
4t
_
cos 4t

3 +
1

3
sin4t

3
_
=
2

3
e
4t
_

3
2
cos 4t

3 +
1
2
sin4t

3
_
=
2

3
e
4t
cos
_
4t

3

6
_
.
Part (b): The time-varying amplitude is 2/

3 1.1547 ft, the frequency is 4

3 6.9282 rad/s, and the

phase angle is /6. (C.H.E.)
C09S07.030: Part (a): With m = 100 slugs we get =
_
k/100 . But we are given that
= (80 cycles/min)(2)(1 min/60 s) = 8/3,
and equating the two values yields k 7018 lb/ft. Part (b): With
1
= 2(78/60) s
1
, Eq. (18) in the
text yields c 372.314 lb/(ft/s). Hence p = c/2m 1.8615. Finally e
pt
= 0.01 gives t 2.47 s.
(C.H.E.)
C09S07.031: In the case of critical damping, we have
r =
c

c
2
4km
2m
=
c
2m
= p.
The general solution of the dierential equation and its derivative are
x(t) = (c
1
+ c
2
t)e
pt
and
x

(t) = (c
1
pc
1
t pc
2
)e
pt
.
10
The initial conditions yield x
0
= c
2
and v
0
= c
1
pc
2
, and it follows that c
1
= px
0
+ v
0
. Therefore
x(t) = (px
0
t + v
0
t + x
0
)e
pt
.
C09S07.032: See Problem 31. If t > 0 and x(t) = 0, then
x
0
+ v
0
t + px
0
t = 0 :
t =
x
0
v
0
+ px
0
.
Hence the equation x(t) = 0 has a positive solution if and only if x
0
and v
0
+ px
0
have opposite signs.
C09S07.033: See Problem 31. If x(t) has a local extremum for t > 0, then x

(t) = 0 for some t > 0. Thus

x

(t) = (px
0
+ v
0
p
2
x
0
t pv
0
t px
0
)e
pt
= 0;
v
0
p
2
x
0
t pv
0
t = 0;
t =
v
0
p(px
0
+ v
0
)
.
Because p > 0, a positive solution t of x

(t) = 0 exists if and only if v

0
and px
0
+ v
0
have the same sign.
C09S07.034: Because this is the overdamped case, we know that c
2
> 4km. The characteristic equation
mr
2
+ cr + k = 0 has roots
r =
c

c
2
4km
2m
=
c
2m

_
c
2
4km
4m
2
=
c
2m

_
_
c
2m
_
2

k
m
;
r
1
= p +
_
p
2

2
0
, r
2
= p
_
p
2

2
0
.
Note that
=
r
1
r
2
2
=
p +
_
p
2

2
0
+ p +
_
p
2

2
0
2
=
_
p
2

2
0
.
The solution of the dierential equation and its derivative are
x(t) = c
1
e
r1t
+ c
2
e
r2t
and
x

(t) = c
1
r
1
e
r1t
+ c
2
r
2
e
r2t
.
The initial conditions yield
x
0
= x(0) = c
1
+ c
2
and v
0
= x

(0) = c
1
r
1
+ c
2
r
2
,
and it follows that
c
1
=
r
2
x
0
v
0
r
2
r
1
=
v
0
r
2
x
0
2
and c
2
=
r
1
x
0
v
0
r
1
r
2
=
r
1
x
0
v
0
2
.
11
Therefore
x(t) =
1
2
_
(v
0
r
2
x
0
)e
r1t
(v
0
r
1
x
0
)e
r2t

.
C09S07.035: The motion is overdamped, so we know that c
2
> 4km. Substitute x
0
= 0 in the solution in
Problem 34 to nd that
x(t) =
1
2
_
v
0
e
r1t
v
0
e
r2t
_
=
v
0

e
r1t
e
r2t
2
where
r
1
= p +
_
p
2

2
0
, r
2
= p
_
p
2

2
0
, and p =
c
2m
.
Thus r
1
= p + and r
2
= p . Hence
e
r1t
e
r2t
= exp(pt)
_
e
t
e
t

= 2 exp(pt) sinht.
Therefore
x(t) =
v
0

e
pt
sinht.
C09S07.036: By Problem 34 and its solution.
x(t) =
1
2
_
(v
0
r
2
x
0
)e
r1t
(v
0
r
1
x
0
)e
r2t

where
=
r
1
r
2
2
> 0 and r
2
< r
1
< 0.
The condition x(t) = 0 is equivalent to
(v
0
r
2
x
0
)e
r1t
= (v
0
v
1
x
0
)e
r2t
;
(v
0
r
2
x
0
)e
(r1r2)t
= v
0
r
1
x
0
;
e
(r1r2)t
=
v
0
r
1
x
0
v
0
r
2
x
0
;
t =
1
r
1
r
2
ln
v
0
r
1
x
0
v
0
r
2
x
0
.
Now r
1
r
2
> 0, so there is only a single solution for t. If, moreover, there is to a single positive solution,
then
v
0
r
1
x
0
v
0
r
2
x
0
> 1.
It now follows that there is no positive solution for t except in the following two (exclusive) cases, in each
of which there is exactly one positive solution:
12
v
0
> r
2
x
0
and x
0
< 0;
v
0
< r
2
x
0
and x
0
> 0.
C09S07.037: With m = 1, c = 0, k = 9, F
0
= 60, and = 3, we have
x

+ 9x = 60 cos 3t;
x

(0) = x

(0) = 0.
Part (a): If there is a solution of the form x(t) = Acos 3t + B sin3t, then
x

(t) = 9Acos 3t 9B sin3t.

Hence x

+ 9x = 0 for all t. So there can be no such solution. Part (b): If x

p
(t) = 10t sin3t, then
x

p
(t) = 10 sin3t + 30t cos 3t;
x

p
(t) = 60 cos 3t 90t sin3t;
x

p
(t) + 9x
p
(t) = 60 cos 3t 90t sin3t + 90t sin3t = 60 cos 3t.
13