Test of a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor

Budapest University of Economics and Technology Faculty of Electrical and Information Technology Department of Automated and Applied Information Technology Group of Electrical Engineering

The aim of the Experiment:

The three phase squirrel cage rotating induction machines moment, voltage, current, performance, efficiently, performance coefficient and revolutions link between each other by through the help of an automated electrical test system.

Compulsory literature
This description.

Proposed literature
In Hungarian: Elektromechanika, 4. fejezet, Aszinkron (indukcis) gp, Eladsi Jegyzet, Elektronikus vltozat: www.get.bme.hu Elektromechanika, 5. fejezet, Aszinkron (indukcis) motorhajts ( Aszinkron motorok zemtana), Eladsi Jegyzet, Elektronikus vltozat: www.get.bme.hu In English: Allan R. Hemnley, Electrical Engineering Second Edition, 2002 Prentice Hall, New Jersey, ISBN 0-13-061070-4

Plotting the moment-revolution diagram

We will plot the moment-revolution diagram found in the experiment with the automated electrical testing system (or controlling unit), which short review follows. The measurement is made up of the breaking units axle and a crank which connects the tested squirrel cage induction machines axle (Fig. 1.). The motor receives the three phase current through the leading unit, which allows it to receive the given effects, real and imaginary efficiency measurement (as well as the efficiency coefficients calculations). The lying down unit furthermore possesses another connection attaching to the controlling unit, making it possible to measure the revolution and the moment regulating, with the help of a digital regulating knot. We dont have to be concerned about this, because the leading unit fulfills the regulating automatically. Now lets examine the electrical machine testing system with a little more depth. The way the functioning unit works is shown with the help of the 2. Pick. Instead of listing the components of the operational surface, we will write down how the measurement is assembled and during which we will explain the functioning of the units in question!

Fig. 1. The electrical examination system, the lying unit and the tested motor. As we can see from the diagram above, we require three parts of the main unit for the testing of the squirrel cage induction motor. The first part is the induction machine itself which is called DUT (see the 2. Diagram the 11th connection) the meaning Device Under Testing (the part which we are testing, with the help of a clutch we bind it with the lying down and the driving unit (according to the markings on the panel D&B-Drive and Break Unit-installation in accordance to the 16,17 and 18 connections), which in reality is a direct current machine. Simpler put, the D&B unit is suitable to lower the aynchronic machines revolution down to 0 revs. The D&B unit can drive the motor in both possible rotational directions, making it possible to benefit from the characteristics from each four quarters. Lets put the experiment together. First off, we have to be sure that the examination table is in zero potential, because only after this can we attach the cables to it!! Lets attach the D&B unit to the panels 16th port, which ensures the energy supply to the breaking unit. Since we have to calibrate the breaking degree and the drive, thats why we have to tie the D&B navigation also to the number 17 to the 25 connection pole. We dont need to use the TACHO OUT button signal on the digital speed output, thats why we arent connecting anything. With this we have installed the D&B breaking unit. Lets switch to attaching the examined motor (DUT). Its very important that the three phase squirrel cage asynchron machines is examined at the star joint. The DUT receives the three phase current from the 11th terminal (L1OUT, L2OUT, L3OUT). As far as for the fact we experience that the motor rotates in the opposite direction, then after we eliminate the voltage, we swap the two phase controllers. The 10th (L1IN, L2IN, L3IN) points, due to security reasons we only attach them at the end to the three phase current on the measurement table. The reason why we lead the three phase through the test system instead of the direct attachment to the motor, so that we can measure the currents on the grid and the input of current in the DUT. From these we can calculate the received occurrences, as well as the performance coefficient. Its important that the DUTs temperature defense is switched onto the 14th point, because if the motor overheats during the testing, then the controlling unit wont let load be put onto the examined instrument, until it doesnt cool down to the secure temperature. Note that in the event of overheating its worthwhile to leave the motor to run out, instead of switching it off, because then the ventilation helps with the cooling. Now we could start the experiment, due to the test systems characteristics a hands on experience is ensured. As long as the 12th switch is switched on INTERN, then with the help of the number 21 rotating button we can calibrate the motors given loading moment

Fig. 2. The management of the electrical machines testing system measurements which can be read in Nm-s off the 29th screen, on the 30th screen the revolutions are displayed in minutes. Here, we must refer to the moment regulation, which we connect through the 17 connection point. We need this because the moment controlled with switch number 21 has to be constant; this is what the regulator needs to do. Getting back to the 12th switch, while the EXTERN is put on, the 21 button doesnt work, instead, the 13th point external current is proportional to the D&B loading moment. 3

You can read speed and torque from displays of number 29 and 30. If you are measuring manual, you can also measure voltage from the 25th and 26th point and it will be directly proportional to 22 point, which has 0 potential. In case of speed 1 V equal to 500 1/min, and at torque 1 V equal to 1 Nm. Outputs can give signal in range 0-10 V. So you measure maximum 5000 1/min speed and 10 Nm torque. There is another option to measure with similar method the three-phase supply voltage and power consumption with the 23 and 24 points. In this case you should to take note of sing, because the systems dont give dc voltage. It like with the power supply, but in miniature, so it will be sine-signal. Then voltage meter dont show anything in dc reading, because the average of sine-signal is zero. You should measure in ac voltage reading. Or you should use oscilloscope. As we are mention, system capable to analyze motors all the four quarter (even in generator run), but system must stand regenerating to network in generator run. Display of number 9 shows which quarter is used. System allows only motor operation after you switch on set with button number 1, because of defending the power supply. This can you read from led number 2. If you want to measure generator run you should push button number 3 START (Here we must note if you measure with computer, software can review it. And you can use it all the four quarter.) You dont need this measurement, but there are some further options of instrument. You can choose before-set modes with button number 5. And it show display number 7. Meaning of LEDs from up to down: Load characteristic Run up characteristic Automatic torque-control M ~ kn2 -proportional simulation (stench-pipe simulation) M ~ kn2-proportional load simulation (reel motor simulation) Mi ~ ni, any-characteristically load from user Flywheel simulation You have some options to control speed and torque. It need, when you analyze that kind of motor, which cant break to too little torque, because it go broke, or the rate of charging cant be so much (For example power supply of eddy-current squirrel-cage motor can be 5 times big like nominal current.). You can set lower bound of speed with button number 21 after you push number 28 nstop . You can set maximal load torque after you push button number 27 |M MAX| , the display number 29 change from actual torque to torque bound. Then you can wind button number 21. Maybe there are some errors during the test. If LED number 6 starts to light, there is an error. You can search errors reason from table 1 by error-code. You can OK it with button number 8 RESET. For example if you start the set in motor mode, but you want to raise speed of motor as compared to neutral gear or you want to change the direction (to change generator run), then you get error code ERR1 from table 1 and system is stop load because of defending causes and motor change back to safety neutral gear. You only can start new measurement, if you push button number 8 and you know about error. The LED number 6 changes color from red to green. Obviously system cant sense all the error. If you sense any error you must immediately stop torque with button M=4. The motor get to overheat easily, that is why you wont measure manually, but there is a computer-aided measure. Computer can make the whole measurement quickly and store all results. You just attach serial port number 20 PC to PC and install a fitting measure-software.

Error-codes: Tester can signal six error-codes and all of them watch too. These codes are the following table: Table 1. Error-codes Error-code ERR1 ERR2 ERR3 ERR4 ERR5 ERR6 Error Generator is used Temperature of motor is overheat Overvoltage is in control panels connecting circuit Temperature of breaking unit is overheat Temperature of control panel is overheat Motor is turn off with DUT ENABLE-output clutch-defense or toe- defense is remove

Review of measure-software: There is simple software, but maybe help during preparation, if there are some picture from software. There are some steps to make before a successful measurement. After you attach PC with testing-system you can start measure-software with menu point of CBM10/MOMO. Software makes automatic connection with system and you can reach all the functions. You can see the program on Fig. 3. Before the measurement you should set parameters. Click to the configuration button (Fig. 4a). You set in desktop of Configuration to measure four-quarter mode and stop speed should be between -1000 and -500 deepening on measure teacher suggestion. The meaning of negative sign is that, you break motor until it is stopping and it is starting to spin another direction. Next step is choosing motor from machine menu Pont (Fig. 5a). In this case is Squirrelcage motor 230/400 V if measure teacher agrees it. You are ready with configuration. Make connection with testing system to push button this turn control unit ON (Fig. 5b). Then you push button this starts the measurement to start measuring (Fig. 5c)

Fig. 3.

a.) Fig. 4.

b.)

a, Fig. 5.

b, c,

Review questions 1. Draw and explain the induction machines substitution circuit diagram. 2. Give the outputs path from the stator to the axle-output. List all losses and how they are determined. 3. Since the induction machines moment is proportional? Draw the moment-revolution diagram quantative correctly. 4. What is slip? 5. Based on what test results can we determine the power factor? 6. Define efficiency and how it is determined in the case of the induction machine. 7. Define the components needed for the measurement and give their functions!

Measurement tasks The task of the measurement is to draw the moment-revolution diagram in the case of both the motor and generator. The drawing of the diagram (graph) based on the previously brought up CB1*110/MOMO measuring software application. Besides the moment revolution graph, the software locks the measured real and the imaginary power, the power efficiency, the axle efficiency, slip and performance. During the measurement these have to be documented.

Measurement process 1. Write down the details of the examined motor! Type: Pn= Un= In= 2. Calculate the nominal moment! the switching mode of the stator windings: cos n= number of the pole pairs, p= nn=

Mn=

(1)

3. Complete the connection of the instruments in the switched off state according to the 1. Diagram. The three phase from the measuring table to the control unit L1IN, L2IN, to the 10th point (if we find that the motor is rotating in the opposite direction later, then we should swap the the phases). The L1OUT, L2OUT, L3OUT 11-es points should be connected to the examined machine. The squirrel cages induction machine should be used in a common switch! The thermal guaranteeing connection points should also be connected to the control unit and the grounding to the measuring tables grounding. THE CONNECTIONS SHOULD BE OVERLOOKED BY THE MEASURING LEADER PRIOR TO THE MEASUREMENT! 4. SWITCHING ON THE MEASURING TABLE AND THE CONTROL UNITS SHOULD ONLY BE COMPLETED BY THE MEASURING LEADER! At this point the motor begins to spin (without loading) and the control unit shows the current revolution and moment. Get to know the measuring unit! The regulating button can changed the loading moment and revolution. If the control unit is started by holding down the START button, then the motors revolution direction can be controlled with the regulator. 5. Check that the calculator is connected to the control unit. If it is then start the control software, which automatically takes the connection between the control units. The direction from here on begins at the computer. Naturally the emergency stopping function as well as the M=0 load stopping buttons furthermore work on the unit. If we get to know the control software, then we begin to draw the graph. For this, to be able to measure in all four quarters, the software has to be calibrated in the settings menu.

6.

7.

Give the revolution limits. Here only the bottom limits should be taken into consideration, because the upper limits will be that currently in use (this can be adjusted with the controlling button, adjust it to 1700-d). The measure should be completed between n=1000...1700 revolutions limits. Start the automatic measurement, with the instructions of the measuring leader. If the measure has been completed, then press the M=0 button, so that the motor can rotate without loading, or switch off the measuring system.

8. 9.

10. Draw the moment-revolution, from the networks up taken voltage and current-revolution, the up taken real power and axle power-revolution, the input side real and imaginary power-revolution, as well as the stator side power factor and performance graph.1 Please asses your findings.

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Note: The graphs can be drawn for example with the GNUP named drawing-program, which can be downloaded for free from http://www.gnuplot.info. This is an easily used and a very smart function plotting program, which can help in the upcoming measures, so this is why we will tell you how it can be used. We dont have to do anything but start up the GNUP program, and locate the file saved during the measure. The moment-revolution graphs plotting can be seen as in the following, if the measure_ details.dat word files first and second column contains the revolutions and moment values: set grid set xlabel "n [1/ minute]" set ylabel "M [Nm]" plot [ -2500:2500] [ -6:6] 'measure_details.dat ' using 1:2 with lines