Transparent Synchronization Protocols for Compositional Real-Time Systems

Martijn M. H. P. van den Heuvel, S, Reinder J. Bril, and Johan J. Lukkien

Introduction
Reuse hardware and software components AUtomotive Open System ARchitecture (AUTOSAR) OSEK(Open Systems and their Interfaces for the Electronics in Motor Vehicles)-based operating system

Not that easy!!

Global Shared Resources Component Interaction Synchronisation

RELATED WORK

Servers
Allocated Fraction of CPU time Guaranteed Allocation Temporal Firewall

Stack Resource Policy

Preemption Level For a task: For a Component: Resource Ceiling Global: Local:

Stack Resource Policy

System and Component Ceiling: Current max global/local resource ceiling Preemption possible by task if its preemption level is > Component Ceiling Critical Sections

Two-level Hierarchical Scheduling Framework

SYSTEM MODEL

Component and Task Model

Component(C): P:Period Q:Budget X:Set of max access time for global resource Task(T): T:Period E:WCET D:Deadline

Overrun
With payback

Without payback

Microkernel
by Micrium

Open Source Preemptive multitasking for upto 256 tasks Size is configurable at compile time

Timed Event Management

Relative timed event queues(RELTEQs) Timers and Events Activation Deactivation

IMPLEMENTATION

Structure of Global Resource

typedef struct resource { INT8U ceiling; INT8U lockingTask; void* previous; } Resource;

Structure of Local Resource

typedef struct { resource globalResource; INT8U localCeiling; INT8U localLockingTask; void* previous; } localResource;

Real-Time Scenario

Budget Server

Resource

SIRAP(subsystem integration & resource allocation policy ) Bluto has taken away Olive. If Popoye has sufficient amount of Spinach he will fight bluto and take away Olive else he will wait till next lot of Spinach arrives

SIRAP(subsystem integration & resource allocation policy )

Hierarchical Stack Resource Policy (HSRP) Bluto has taken away Olive. If Popoye has sufficient amount of Spinach he will fight bluto and take away Olive else he will call for back up and consume spinach from next upcoming budget

Hierarchical Stack Resource Policy (HSRP)

Bounded-delay resource open environment (BROE) Bluto has taken away Olive. If Popoye has sufficient amount of Spinach he will fight bluto and take away Olive else he will decrease the time for arrival of next lot of spinach

Bounded-delay resource open environment (BROE)

EXPERIMENT & RESULTS

Comparison

DS 1 selects SIRAP and DS 2 selects HSRP with payback

Conclusion
Memory requirements of these protocols are lower than priority-inheritance-based protocols BROE and HSRP require expensive timer operations in their primitives SIRAP preferred for system having shorter critical sections