Presenting

QM
 CONTENT

• Introduction to Organisation & Presentation of Data

• Types of Presentation
• Other Type of Tabular Presentation
• Summary
• Bibliography
 Organisation &
Presentation of Data
 Organizing ref. to arranging & classifying data
 Presentation of Data ref. to presenting facts from
which conclusion can be drawn
 Types of
Presentation

Text Tabular Graphical

Presentation Presentation Presentation
Text Presentation
 Not very effective
 Need to read the
paragraph carefully
 Hardly anyone
understand such
presentation
Tabular Presentation
 Better than text
presentation
 Presented in the
format of rows &
columns
 Effective as
compared to text
presentation
 Tabular
Presentation

Differences of
kind

Differences of
degree

Geographic Descriptive
Time Series
classification Characteristics
Differences of kind

 Class are setup on

the basis of
Qualitative
Differences
2. eg;Table 1: no. of
student in college

3. eg;Table 2: no. of
Workers in Factory
 Differences of Degree

 Base on Quantitative terms & not in Qualitative

terms
 Qualitative terms are not satisfactory compared
to Quantitative terms
 eg:Table: no. of Children classified according to
Age
Geographic Classification

 Separates data into groups according to

Geographical division
2. eg;Table: Rainfall in state’s in India
 Time Series

 Classified on basis of Time intervals

 Arranged in order of Occurrence
 eg;Table: no. of units produce by a factory in
Year
 Other tabular
Presentation

Frequency
distribution

Cumulative frequency Bivariate Frequency

distribution distribution

Marginal Distribution

Conditional Distribution
 Frequency Distribution
 Frequency Table: different class intervals
known as Frequency Table
 Frequency Distribution: total no of
observation over different class intervals
 Discrete Distribution: each class is
denoted by numbers
 Continuous Distribution: continuity of the
values of the variable
 Cumulative Frequency
Distribution

 Relative frequency: frequency of class / total

frequency
 Cumulative Frequency: add relative frequency
3. eg;Table: no. of secured by student
 Bivariate Frequency
Distribution
 It is used in case where more than one things
have to be considered.
 Two types of Bivariate Frequency Distribution:
 Marginal Distribution
 Conditional Distribution
 Bivariate Frequency
Distribution

 1st Type of Bivariate Frequency Distribution:-

 Marginal Distribution: class interval
corresponding to the data & corresponding
rows
 eg;Table : no. of marks secured in sub.
 Graphical Presentation

 Easy to understand
 Effective & Efficient compared to Text
Presentation
 Limited set of data can be easily understand
 Graphical Presentation are of two type:
 Co-ordinates of Point
 Representing Frequency Distribution
 Graphical
Presentation

Representing
Co- ordinates
Frequency
Of point
distribution

histogram

Frequency
Polygon & Curve
Graphical Presentation
 1st type of
Representing
Frequency
Distribution:-
 Histogram: bar chart
representing a
frequency
distribution i.e.
height of bars
represent observed
graph
3. eg;Table: no. of
marks secured by
Graphical Presentation
 2nd type of
Representing
Frequency
Distribution:-
 Frequency Polygon:-
frequency are plotted
against the midpt of
the class interval
 Pt are joined by line
segments
 No. of pt can be
easily plotted on the
same graph of
Frequency Polygon
as compared to
Graphical Presentation
 3 type of Representing
rd

Frequency Distribution:-
 Frequency Curve:-
joined by the smooth
curve instead of line
segment
3. eg;Table: height of
student
 Summary
 Organizing & Presentation of Data ref. to arranging
the presented facts from which conclusion can be
drawn
 Types of Presentation:-
 Text Presentation
 Tabular Presentation
 Graphical Presentation
 Text Presentation:- not as effective as compared to
other type of presentation; need to read whole
paragraph
 Tabular Presentation:- effective & efficient as
compared to Text Presentation, presented in the
format of rows & columns
 Graphical presentation:- easier to understand as
 Summary
 Other types of Tabular Presentation:-
2. Frequency distribution
• Cumulative Frequency distribution
• Bivariate Frequency distribution
 Frequency distribution:- gives frequency of diff.
class interval
 Cumulative Frequency distribution:-add relative
frequency
 Bivariate Frequency distribution:- used where
more than one things have to be considered
 Bib-blography
 Quantitative Methods – 1
2. A.V.Deshpande
3. M.L. Vaidya
4. A.P.Kumtha
Thanks to mrs S. RAO
 Presented by
:-
• Mohit.M 25
• Pratik.K 18
• Kunal.S 41
• Atul.S 40
• Amar.J 13
• Pawan.K 17