Harvard Referencing Library Quick Guide

The Harvard Style of referencing is widely accepted in scholarly circles. Each reference is indicated in the text by the author and date of the publication cited, sometimes with added information such as page numbers. The full details of these references are listed at the end of the text in a Reference list. Always follow information given to you be your lecturer regarding referencing. The information and examples are derived from the following source Style manual for authors, editors and printers !""!, #th edn, $ohn %iley & Sons, Australia.

'n(text references
Single author )*ote that citations can be at the beginning, middle or end of the sentence+ 'n a study by ,rightman )!""-+, financial ruin was investigated. ,rightman )!""", p. /0+ states that 1financial ruin was more common in the 230"s.4 )*ote page no. for 5uotes.+ %hen an author has published more than one cited article in the same year, distinguish each article by using a lower case letter after the year within the brac6ets )this is also written in the reference list+ 'n a study by ,rightman )!""-a+, financial ruin was investigated. Two or three authors .and this is therefore not appropriate )Sleeman & $ones !""/+.

.financial ruin was investigated ),rightman !""-+.

Stewart, 7illar and $ones )!""-+ state that. *ote that an ampersand )&+ is used between the names only when they appear in brac6ets.
Four or more authors .should be used only when appropriate )Smith et al !""2+.

Smith et al )!""2+ conclude that.

Edited work )eds. 7uller, 8loete & ,adat !""2+

edited by 7uller, 8loete and ,adat )!""2+

More than one citation is provided in your sentence 9ist all citations alphabetically, with a semi(colon to separate. There are indications that passive smo6ing is potentially threatening to health )Applebee 233:; 8oo6son 233:; Sheldon & $ames 2330+. Secondary citation This is when you refer to the wor6 of one author cited by another. $ones )cited in 7c<en=ie !""-+ believes that.

.to improve learning )$ones, cited in 7c<en=ie !""-+. 'n the Reference 9ist you refer to the author of the text from which your information came )in this case, 7c<en=ie+.
Website documents 7any electronic sources do not provide page numbers, unless they are in >?@ format. 'f 5uoting or paraphrasing from a website, that is *AT a >?@, then use as part of the in(text reference either

a section heading, )eg. Bnited *ations !"":, Article 2+ a paragraph number )eg. Bnited *ations !"":, para.2"+

Personal communication

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Harvard Referencing Library Quick Guide

>ersonal communication may only be cited in the text, *AT in the Reference 9ist. The information, including day, month and year, is provided in the text, or parenthically. ?etails of the organisation that the person represents may also be included. Note that initials precede the family name.

%hen interviewed on !/ April 2333, 7s S Savieri confirmed... 7s S Savieri confirmed this by facsimile on !/ April 2333. 't has been confirmed that an outbrea6 occurred in Shepparton )S Savieri 2333, pers. comm., !/ April+. 7s S Savieri )Australian 'nstitute of 8riminology+ confirmed this by email on !/ April 2333.

Encyclopaedia or dictionary Encyclopaedias and dictionaries may only be cited in the text, *AT in the Reference 9ist.

)Literacy in America: an encyclopedia !""2, p.!E+ states.. The Macquarie dictionary )233:+ defines it as..

Examples

Book

single author

$ones, , 233E, Sleepers, wake!: technology and the future of work, /th edn, Axford Bniversity >ress, 7elbourne.

Book

two or three authors

Stein, , & Reynolds, $S !""", Mechanical and electrical equipment for buildings, 3th edn, $ohn %iley & Sons, *ew For6.

Book

!our or more authors ancer nursing, Eth edn, $ones and ,artlett, ,oston.

Farbro, 8H, @rogge, 7H, Goodman, 7 & Groenwald, S9 !""",

Book chapter 8rawford, R$ 2330, H>lastics available to the designerH, in !lastics engineering, -rd edn, Heinemann(,utterworth, Axford, pp. #(20. Edited book 7uller, $, 8loete, * & ,adat, S )eds.+ !""2, hallenges of globalisation: South African debates with Manuel astells, 7as6ew 7iller 9ongman, >inelands, 8ape Town.

"ournal article Iiv6ovic, , & @uJii, ' !""2, HAn analysis of isothermal phase change of phase change material within rectangular and cylindrical containersH, Solar "nergy, vol. :", no.2, pp. E2(#2.

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Harvard Referencing Library Quick Guide

e#$ournal article !rom a database Easthope, G !""/, H8onsuming health the mar6et for complementary and alternative medicineH, Australian #ournal of !rimary $ealth, vol. 2", no. !, pp. #0(:E, viewed -" 7arch !""E, Australian >ublic Affairs @ull Text.

Newspaper article Tobler, < & <erin, $ !""!, 1Hormone alert for cancer4, The Australian, 2" $uly, p. 2. Note: if the newspaper article does *AT have an author then provide details as an in(text citation only, *AT in the Reference 9ist. @or example The Australian )2" $uly !""!, p.2+ states..

Website documents Bnited *ations, !"":, Bniversal declaration http DDwww.un.orgDAverviewDrights.html. of human rights, Bnited *ations, viewed 23 7arch !"":,

%ourse notes !rom &M'T (niversity )ibrary reserve ?ixon, 8 !""!, Mechanical design %: pro&ect resource material, course notes from7'ET2"#0, R7'T Bniversity, 7elbourne, viewed !! $uly !""E, R7'T Bniversity 9ibrary.

%ourse notes !rom &M'T (niversity )ibrary e#reserve Holland, $ !""/, Lecture notes ': bulldo(ers and land clearing, course notes from 8'KE2"E:, R7'T Bniversity, 7elbourne, viewed !! $uly !""E, R7'T Bniversity 9ibrary Lhttp DDeresources.lib.rmit.edu.auDereserveDnotes"!Dcive2"E:D-2!E3""#3-E:0!.pdfM.

%ourse notes !rom *nline + &M'T Smith, H !""E, Metadata, course notes from 'SFS##EE, R7'T Bniversity, 7elbourne, viewed 0 $uly !""E, AnlineNR7'T.

%on!erence paper <ovacs, G9 233/, 1Simulation(scheduling system using hybrid software technology4, in omputer )ntegrated Manufacturing and Automation Technology: !roceedings of the *th )nternational conference, Troy, +ew ,ork, -ctober ./0.%, .11* , 'EEE 8omputer Society >ress, 9os Alamitos, 8alifornia, pp.-E2(-E#.

C R7'T Bniversity 9ibrary This guide was last updated by <7 on !" 7ar 1": http DDwww.rmit.edu.auDinfo(tre6Dreferencing >age - of -