This report contains the energy audit carried out for the Engineers' Quarters of CECB in Defence Head

Quarters Complex Project at Akuregoda. This is a two storied building and 9 Engineers are living in the house. All of them are working in the designing of Mechanical , Electrical & IT works of the DHQC project. Normal working hours are from 8.30 AM to 4.15 PM, but depending on the work load most of the time overtime works are carried out. This building is situated very close by of the site and it's only about 5 min. walking distance from the accommodation. Therefore a transport medium is not required. The building has 6 bedrooms, 1 kitchen, 2 living rooms, 3 bathrooms, a dining room, a court yard and a balcony in total. H.M.D.Bandaranayake , S.M.C.S.Siriwardana & A.R.M.U.E.Abeyrathna are all staying in this house and collecting data and analyzing the data were done as a group.

Figure 1

Collected data and analyzed data are attached below for the total energy usage of this building.

(b) From the above analysis we can obtain the total energy usage of the building by the energy sources as below.
Table 1

Energy Usage by source Source Electricity Gas

Usage kWh/month 224.37 174.67

kWh/month
Electricity Gas

44% 56%

Chart 1

This analysis shows that the majority of the energy requirement is satisfied by electricity. Electricity requirement is 224.37 kWh/month according to the above study. From the past data, it shows that this value is an acceptable one. Usage of the electricity during last two months are as follows. ( Copy of the Electricity bill is attached in the annex )
Table 2

Duration 04/29 to 05/29 05/29 to 06/25

Usage ( kWh ) 254 223

(c) Now let's compare the electricity usage of this house by physical arrangement. That means according to the places of the house. For that we need to know about how the population is scattered in the house. It'll be as follows.
Table 3

Location GF - Bedroom 01 GF - Bedroom 02 UF - Bedroom 01 UF - Bedroom 02 UF - Bedroom 03 UF - Master Bedroom Whole house
Table 4

Number of heads 1 0 2 2 2 2 9

Now let's check the usage of energy by location of the house.

Monthly Energy Distribution of the Accommodation Location kWh/Month GF - Kitchen 68.62 GF - Dining Room 2.40 GF - Living room 0.12 GF - Bedroom 01 28.90 GF - Courtyard 1.80 GF - Bedroom 02 0.00 GF - GF Bath room 4.50 Stair case 1.20 UF - Bath room 3.00 UF - Living Room 31.03 UF - Master bedroom 24.82 UF - Bedroom 01 17.84 UF - Bedroom 02 21.63 UF - Bedroom 03 UF - Balcony Total 14.92 3.60 224.37

kWh/Month
UF - Bedroom 03, 14.92 UF - Balcony, 3.60

UF - Bedroom 02, 21.63 GF - Kitchen, 68.62 UF - Bedroom 01, 17.84

UF - Master bedroom, 24.82

UF - Living Room, 31.03

GF - Bedroom 01, 28.90

GF - Dining Room, 2.40 GF - Living room, 0.12

GF - Courtyard, 1.80 UF - Bath room, 3.00 Stair case, 1.20

Chart 2

GF - GF Bath room, 4.50

GF - Bedroom 02, 0.00

From the above result we can clearly identify the significant energy using locations of the house. This shows that kitchen gives the most significant contribution for the electricity usage of the house. Therefore we need to take action to reduce the electricity usage in the kitchen to reduce the electricity consumption of the house. In kitchen, we can switch to alternate energy sources and see whether the result is viable in practical aspect as well as in financial aspects. For finding the most critical energy using appliances, we need to analyze the

energy usage by each appliance in this house. Below table and the chart shows, how the appliances in the house uses the electric energy in a month.

Table 5

Energy usage by Equipments Equipment kWh/month QTY

A/C outdoor unit Blender Geyser Kettle Ceiling fan CFL bulb

58.39 18.42 37.50 31.50 11.24

0.00 0.00 0.00

1 10 20 1 8 3 1 7 1 1 2 1 9 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2

Incandescent Bulb Lap top charger LCD Monitor Pedestal fan

Mortein vaporizer Phone charger Refrigerator Rice cooker Toaster TV Stream iron Wall fan

1.68 0.89 0.00 2.10 0.63 0.00 0.00 1.68 0.00 8.89 0.00

Personal Computer

26.25 25.20

Washing machine

Window type A/C

Window type A/C Washin machine Wall fan TV Toster Stream iron Rice cooker Refrigerator Phone charger Personal Computer Pedestal fan Mortein vaporizer LCD Monitor Lap top charger Kettle Incandecent Bulb Geyser CFL bulb Ceiling fan Blender A/C out door unit

0.00 8.89 0.00 1.68 0.00 25.20 0.00 0.63 2.10 0.00 0.89 1.68 11.24 31.50 0.00 18.42 0.00 0.00 58.39 37.50 26.25

10

20

30

40

50

60

kWh/month
Chart 3

From the above results we can identify the critical appliances in the house and the critical places in the house, where the maximum amount of energy is used. From the results it is clear that kitchen plays a major role in the electrical energy utilization in the house & from appliances wise, ceiling fans uses the maximum percentage of energy. For energy saving we can use several tips from the above results.

First of all let's see how can we reduce the electricity consumption of the kitchen. Rice cooker & Kettle are the major electricity using components in kitchen. To reduce the electricity usage we can convert to alternative energy sources. First we can switch to using LP gas for cooking and boiling water. The equivalent amount of energy required and the financial benefits will be shown as below. For the calculation purpose we have use the aid of online calculator for CEB tariffs.

Table 6

Replacing of electrical energy by LPG (Use LPG to cook rice & boil water) Useful Source Consumption Efficiency Energy kWh kWh/month % /month Electricity (used for rice 26.25 90 23.63 cooker and kettle) 39.38 60 23.63 LP Gas Required gas Cost of 13.1 kg gas cyl. Required gas cost Present current bill Reduced current bill Saving Actual Saving 2.953125 kg 2,434.00 Rs. 548.70 Rs. 8,211.70 Rs. 6,682.90 Rs. 1,528.80 Rs. 980.10 Rs.

From this method, actual energy usage in the house will go up, since the efficiency of converting LPG is less. But from financial point of view it is suitable to move to LPG for cooking Rice and boiling water from electricity as shown above. Another point we can develop is to switch to using bio mass or fire wood instead of electricity and gas in the kitchen. By switching to this mode, it'll not be as same comfort level as before but we have to consider this option too from the energy saving concept.

Table 7

Replacing of electrical energy & LPG energy by fuel wood with Anagi Stove Source Consumption kWh/month 174.67 627.10 150.50 57.75 Efficiency % 90 60 25

Useful Energy kWh /month 51.98

Electricity (used for rice cooker and kettle) Gas (used for gas cooker) Fuel wood (Anagi stove) Energy requirement from fuel wood

kg

104.80 156.78

This result shows that we need more than 150 kg of fuel wood per month in order to replace electricity usage & the LPG usage in the kitchen. From practical aspects this is bit of a hard practice to continue and also we are using more energy through fuel wood since the efficiency of wood burner is very less. (Conversion factors and the assumptions regarding this calculation are attached in annex. ) Now let's look at the significant energy using appliances in the house. From the results it is clear that we are using a significant amount of energy for the ventilation purposes. We can reduce this amount by using much of the natural ventilation by opening windows and reducing the time of switching on the ceiling fans. Another thing we can do is to use pedestal fans instead of ceiling fans because they are using less energy than ceiling fans. Therefore using pedestal fans in the rooms is recommended and it'll reduce the energy usage by some significant amount. Since we already have two pedestal fans, it is recommended to use them in Ground floor Bed Room 1 & Upper flow master bed room because those rooms use ceiling fans for longer time than any other room. Next significant energy using category is the lighting. In this category major contribution comes from the incandescent bulbs and it is more than 50% of total lighting usage. If we can convert into CFL bulbs, we can reduce this amount of energy too. But we have to consider the initial investment for CFL bulbs also. From the data collected, it is recommended to replace the incandescent bulbs in the Ground floor bed room 1 & master bed room in upper flow as soon as possible because they are used for longer time than any other incandescent bulb in the house. By replacing them we can achieve a significant amount of energy saving. The next significant equipment is the steam iron. From the data it is shown that we are using the iron for 1 hour almost every day. If we can use the iron efficiently and reduce the amount of time, then we can save energy from this equipment too.

Here we have rearranged & predict the new energy requirement of the house, after the above recommendations.

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14

Figure 15

Figure 16

List of Figures
Figure 1 - Accomodation of Engineers ................................................................................................................1 Figure 2 - Electricity bill for month of May ...................................................................................................... 16 Figure 3 - Electricity bill for month of June ...................................................................................................... 16 Figure 4 - Name plate of CFL bulb in kitchen ................................................................................................. 107 Figure 5 - Name plate of Incandenscent bulb in GF bath room ..................................................................... 107 Figure 6 - Name plate of steam iron .............................................................................................................. 118 Figure 7 - Name plate of LED TV .................................................................................................................... 118 Figure 8 - Name plate of out door unit AC in UF balcony .............................................................................. 129 Figure 9 - Name plate of a Phone charger ..................................................................................................... 129 Figure 10 - Name plate of a Lap top charger .................................................................................................... 20 Figure 11 - Name plate of Vaporizor ................................................................................................................. 20 Figure 12 - Name plate of a Geyser .................................................................................................................. 21 Figure 13 - Name plate of a CFL bulb ................................................................................................................ 21 Figure 14 - Electricity metes in the house......................................................................................................... 22 Figure 15 - Cooking efficiency of energy sources ............................................................................................. 22 Figure 16 - Theoritical heating values ............................................................................................................... 23

Collected Data

Analyzed Data

Revised Data

M.Sc. in Energy Technology 2013

ME5003 - Energy Sources

Final Examination - Term 1

Question 6

H.M.D.Bandaranayake 128353