Question No.

: 6d
Solve the following LPP by
i.
Graphical method (if possible)
ii.
Dual simplex method
iii.
Two phase method
iv.
Solve its dual by simplex method
v.
Solve its dual by graphical method
vi.
Solve its dual by dual simplex method
Min Z=2x1 + 3x2
Subject to
2x1 x2 x3 3
x1 x2 + x3 2
x1 ,x2 ,x3 0

Answer:
i.

Since its a 3 variable problem we cant solve it by graphical method

ii.

Dual simplex method

Converting minimization problem to maximization

Max Z= -Z= -2x1 -3x2
Subject to
2x1 +x2 +x3 -3
x1 +x2 x3 -2
x1 ,x2 ,x3 0
Equations are
Z+2x1 + 3x2 =0
0
2x1 +x2 +x3 +s1= -3
1
x1 +x2 x3 +s2= -2
2
x1 ,x2 ,x3 ,s1 ,s2 0
Coefficients of
Eqn No.
B.V
Z
X1
X2

X3

S1

S2

RHS

0
1
2

Z
S1
S2

1
0
0

2
(-2)
-1

3
1
1

0
1
-1

0
1
0

0
0
1

0
-3
-2

0
1

Z
X1

1
0

0
1

4
-1/2

1
-1/2

1
-1/2

0
0

-3
3/2

S2

1/2

(-3/2)

-1/2

-1/2

0
1
2

Z
X1
X3

1
0
0

0
1
0

13/3
-2/3
-1/3

0
0
1

2/3
-1/3
1/3

2/3
-1/3
-2/3

-10/3
5/3
1/3

From simplex table , we get

X1=5/3 , X2=0 , X3=1/3
Z= -10/3
Z= - (-10/3) =10/3
iii.

Two phase method

Phase-I
Introducing artificial variable & rewriting
Min Z=2x1 + 3x2
2x1 x2 x3-s1+A1=3
1
x1 x2 + x3 -s2+A2=2
2
Objective function including only artificial variables is
Min A=A1+A2
ie
Max A= -A1-A2
A+A1+A2=0
0

Comment

Eqn B.V
No.

Coefficients of
A
X1
X2

X3

A1

A2

S1

S2

RHS

Ratio

0
1
2

A
A1
A2

1
0
0

0
2
1

0
-1
-1

0
-1
1

1
1
0

1
0
1

0
-1
0

0
0
-1

0
3
2

R1=>R1-R2

0
1
2

A
A1
A2

1
0
0

-2
2
1

1
-1
-1

1
-1
1

0
1
0

1
0
1

1
-1
0

0
0
-1

-3
3
2

R1=>R1-R3

0
1
2

A
A1
A2

1
0
0

-3
(2)
1

2
-1
-1

0
-1
1

0
1
0

0
0
1

1
-1
0

1
0
-1

-5
3
2

5/3
3/2
2

0
1
2

A
X1
A2

1
0
0

0
1
0

1/2
-1/2
-1/2

-3/2
-1/2
(3/2)

3/2
1/2
-1/2

0
0
1

-1/2
-1/2
1/2

1
0
-1

-1/2
3/2
1/2

1/3
-3
1/3

0
1
2

A
X1
X3

1
0
0

0
1
0

0
-2/3
-1/3

0
0
1

1
1/3
-1/3

1
1/3
2/3

0
-1/3
1/3

0
-1/3
-2/3

0
5/3
1/3

Phase II
Actual objective function is
Max Z= -Z= -2x1 - 3x2
Z+2x1+3x2=0

Constraint equations are (From last iterative table of phase I)

X1-2/3X2-1/3S1-1/3S2=5/3
1
-1/3X2+X3+1/3S1-2/3S2=1/3
2
Comment

R1=>R1-2R2

Eqn
No.
0
1
2

B.V
Z
X1
X3

Coefficients of
Z
X1
1
2
0
1
0
0

0
1
2

X2
3
-2/3
-1/3

X3
0
0
1

S1
0
-1/3
1/3

S2
0
-1/3
-2/3

0
5/3
1/3

Z
X1
X3

1
0
0

13/3
-2/3
-1/3

0
0
1

2/3
-1/3
1/3

2/3
-1/3
-2/3

-10/3
5/3
1/3

0
1
0

From table,
Z= -10/3
Z= -(-10/3)=10/3
X1=5/3 , X2=0 , X3=1/3

iv.

Solving dual by simplex method

Primal is
Min Z=2x1 + 3x2
Subject to
2x1 x2 x3 3
x1 x2 + x3 2
x1 ,x2 ,x3 0
Dual is
Max Z*=3y1+2y2
Subject to
2y1+y2 2
-y1-y2 3
-y1+y2 0
y1 , y2 0
Z*-3y1-2y2=0
2y1+y2+s1=2
-y1-y2+s2=3

0
1
2

RHS

-y1+y2+s3=0

Eqn
No.

B.V

0
1
2
3

Coefficients of
Z*
Y1

Y2

S1

S2

S3

RHS

Ratio

Z*
S1
S2
S3

1
0
0
0

-3
(2)
-1
-1

-2
1
-1
1

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

0
0
0
1

0
2
3
0

1
-3
0

0
1
2
3

Z*
Y1
S2
S3

1
0
0
0

0
1
0
0

-1/2
1/2
-1/2
(3/2)

3/2
1/2
1/2
1/2

0
0
1
0

0
0
0
1

3
1
4
1

2
-8
2/3

0
1
2
3

Z*
Y1
S2
Y2

1
0
0
0

0
1
0
0

0
0
0
1

5/3
1/3
2/3
1/3

0
0
1
0

1/3
-1/3
1/3
2/3

10/3
2/3
13/3
2/3

Solution of dual is Y1=2/3 & Y2=2/3

Then , Solution of primal is
Z*=Z=10/3,
X1=S1=5/3 , X2=S2=0 , X3=S3=1/3

v.

Solving dual by graphical method

Dual is
Max Z*=3y1+2y2
Subject to
2y1+y2 2
-y1-y2 3
-y1+y2 0
y1 , y2 0
Constraint equations are
2y1+y2 = 2
1
-y1-y2 =3
2
-y1+y2 = 0
3

Line 1
Line 2
Line 3

By drawing graph we get the feasible region as OABC (See Fig. below) with corner points
O(0,0) , A(0,1) , B(2/3,2/3) , C(1,0)

Solution of dual is Y1=2/3 & Y2=2/3

Then,
Zmax(2/3,2/3)=(32/3)+(22/3)=10/3

vi.

If we multiply the constraint equations of dual LPP by (-1) to get a negative sign in the RHS,
the constraint equations changes into ( ) type. Hence we cant solve it by dual simplex method