5.

4 Two and Three Force Members

The solution to some problems can be made easier if you recognize members that are subjected
to only 2 forces.
Two force members
- only 2 forces applied at 2 points on the member.
- no moments.
- line of action of both forces must lie along a line connecting the 2 points of
applications.
Three force members- just read about.
Equilibrium in Three dimensions
5.5 Free Body diagrams
Reactions-3-D supports, Table 5-2, Pg. 217
5.6Equations of Equilibrium

F = 0

M = ( r F ) = 0

Fx = 0

Fy = 0

M y = 0

Fz = 0

M z = 0

M x = 0

We have 6 equations => 6 unknowns

5.7 Constraints for a Rigid Body
Redundant constraints- There are more constraints than necessary to hold a body in
equilibrium.
More unknowns than equations of equilibrium.
-statically indeteminant
For example:
P
Q
S
P
Q
S
C

AX

BX

AY

4 unknowns
3 equations

BY

Statically
Indeterminant

Partial constraints- There are fewer reactive forces than E.O.E.

For example:
P
C

S
D

FBD

B
AY

2 unknowns
3 equations

partial
constraint

BY

1). Given:
FBD
z
MZ

20,601N

AZ

MY
AX

AY

G
C

x MX
B

y
45,000N

8,000N

L =45,000k

A =A i +Ay
j +AZ k

W =
20,601k
F = 0

W +T + L + A = 0 T =8,000i

20,6 01
k
(8,000

8000 + Ax = 0

+
8,000i

+
45,000 k

+
Ax i
Ay
j +
Az k

+
Ax )i
Ay
j +
(
20,601 +
45,000

+
Az ) k

24,399 + Az = 0
Az = 24,399 N

Ay = 0

Ax = 8,000 N

M O = 0

M A +MW +MT +M L = 0

M A + rOG W + rOB T + rOC L = 0

A(0,0,0)

B(0,8,-2.5)

C(0,15,0)

G(0,5,0)

rOG W =(0i +5 j +0k ) ( 20,601k ) =103,005i Nm

rOB T =(0i +8 j 2.5k ) (8,000i) =

64,000 k 20,000 j

rOC L =(0i +15 j +0k ) ( 45,000k ) =675,000i

M

Ax

(M

Ax

+
M Ay
j +
M Az k
103,005i

103,005

M Ax + 571,995 = 0
M Ax = 571,995

4.83) FBD

Nm

+
675,000)i

M Az 64,000 = 0
= 20,000 Nm M AZ = 64,000 Nm

M Ay 20,000 = 0

Nm

M AY

64,0 00 k

+
20

+
( M Ay

20,000)

y
0.9 m
2.3 m
E

0.3 m

A
T

0.3 m

B
z

T
y

B
z

1.5 m
x

2.25 m
D
W=2452.5 N

6 unknowns
Ax , Ay , B x , B y , B z , T

6 equations
Points
A(.3,0,0)
B(2.9,0,0)
C(0,0,2.25)

D(3.2,0,2.25)
E(.9,1.5,0)
Weight (1.6,0,1.125)

(0.9 3.2)i + (1.5 0) j + (0 2.25) k

TD =| TD | DE = T
2
2
2

(
0
.
9

3
.
2
)
+
(
1
.
5
)
+
(
2
.
25
)

T
TD =
( 2.3i +1.5 j 2.25k )
3.55

(0.9 0)i + (1.5 0) j + (0 2.25) k

TC =| TC | CE = T
2
2
2

(0.9) + (1.5) + ( 2.25)

T
TC =
(0.9i +1.5 j 2.25k)
2.85

F = 0

TD + TC + A + B +W = 0

T
T
) +
) +
+
+
+
(
2.3i
1.5
j
2.25k
( 0.9i
1.5
j
2.25k
( 0i
A
3.55
2.85

+
+
( Bx i
By
j +
Bz k ) +
(
2452.5
j) =
0

Collect i, j, and k terms

 2.3T 0.9T
1.5T 1.5T

+
+ B x i +
+
+ Ay + B y 2452.5 j

3
.
55
2
.
85
3
.
55
2
.
85

2
.
25
T
2
.
25
T

+ Az + B z k = 0
2.85
3.55

In order for the previous equation to be equal to zero, the coefficients of the i, j, and k terms
must be equal to zero.
0.648T + 0.316T + B x = 0
0.423T + 0.526T + Ay + B y 2452.5 = 0

0.634T 0.789 + Az + B z = 0

We have our 6 unknowns in the above equations, but

we only have 3 equations, therefore we

need 3 more equations. We get these from the M = 0 equation.

We will sum moments about point B, so that we get rid of 3 unknowns, B x , B y , and B z .

M B = 0

rCB TC + rDB TD + rAB A + rWB +W = 0

Let's calculate the position vectors

r
CB

rDB

rA B

r
WB

=
(0

2.9)i
+
(0

0)
j
+
( 2.25

=
(3.2

2.9)i
+
(0

0)
j
+
( 2.2

=
( 0.3
2.9i )i
+
(0

0)
j
+
( 2.2

=
(
1.6

2.9)i
+
(0

0)
j
+
(
1.1

Now let's do the determinants

j
0

k
2.25

0.526T

0.789T

rCB TC = 2.9
0.316T

i[(0)(0.789T ) (0.526T )( 2.25)]

j[(
2.9)(
0.789T ) (0.316T )(2.25)] +
k[(
2.9)(0.526T ) (0.316T )(0)]

rCB TC = 1.1842T i 1.579T j 1.526T k

rDB TD =

i[(0)(
0.634T ) (0.423T )(2.25)]

= j[(0.3)(
0.634T ) ( 0.648T )(2.25)] +

i
0.3

j
0

k
2.25

0.648T

0.423T

0.634T

k[(0.3)(0.423T ) ( 0.648T )(0)]

rCD TD = 0.9507T i 1.2676T j +0.1268T k

rAB

A = 2.6
0

j
0
Ay

i[(0)( Az ) ( A y )(0)]
k
0 = j[( 2.6)( Az ) (0)(0)] +
Az
k[(2.6)( A ) (0)(0)]
y

rAB A =0i +2.6 Az j 2.6 Ay k

i

rWB A = 1.3
0

j
0
2452.5

i[(0)(0) ( 2452.5)(1.125)]
k
1.125 = j[(
1.3)(0) (0)(1.125)] +
0

k [( 1.3)( 2452.5) (0)(0)]

rWB W = 2759.1 i + 0 j +3188.25 k

Substituting these cross product terms in the M B = 0 yields:

1.1842T i 1.579T j 1.526T k 0.9507T i 1.2676T j +0.1268T k
+0i +2.6 Az j 2.6 A y k +2759.1 i +0 j +3188.25k =0

Collecting like terms:

( 1.1842T 0.9507T +2759.1)i +( 1.579T 1.2676T +2.6 Az ) j
+( 1.526T +0.1268T 2.6 A +3188.25) k = 0
y

In order for this equation to be equal to zero, the coefficients of the i, j, and k terms must be
equal to zero.
1.1842T 0.9507T + 2759.1 = 0 => T = 1292.4 N
1.579T 1.2676T + 2.6 Az = 0 => Az = 1415 N
1.526T + 0.1268T 2.6 Ay + 3188.25 = 0 => Ay = 530.74 N

Going back to our F = 0 equations:

0.648T + 0.316T + B x = 0 => B x = 429.2 N
0.423T + 0.526T + Ay + B y 2452.5 = 0 => BY = 696.2 N

0.634T 0.789 + Az + B z = 0 => BZ = 424.46 N