OWO115010 WCDMA RAN13 UE Behaviors in Idle Mode ISSUE1 PDF

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WCDMA UE Behaviors in Idle

Mode

Southern Eastern Africa Learning
Services

RAN13

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Contents
PLMN Selection ............................................................................................................................................. 4
System Information Reception ................................................................................................................... 11
Cell Selection and Reselection .................................................................................................................... 15
Location Registration .................................................................................................................................. 43
Paging Procedure ........................................................................................................................................ 49
Access Procedure ........................................................................................................................................ 59

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Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Lt d. All right s reserved. Page1
Foreword
UE behaviors in idle mode include:
PLMN selection
System information reception
Cell selection and reselection
Location registration
Paging procedure
Access procedure

PLMN selection
Used to ensure that the PLMN selected by the UE provides services properly.
System information reception
The network broadcasts the network information to the UE that camps on the cell. Upon
reception of broadcast information, the UE obtains the network information and takes
actions accordingly.
Cell selection and reselection
Used to ensure that the UE finds a suitable cell to camp on.
Location registration
This procedure is used by the UE to report its status to the network. This procedure is of
two types: periodical location registration and the location registration necessitated by
changes in the location area.
Paging procedure
Used for the network to send paging messages to a UE which is in idle mode, CELL_PCH
state, or URA_PCH state.
Access procedure
From the view of access stratum, access is the procedure the UE shift from idle mode to
connected mode.

3

References
3GPP TS22.011: Service Accessibility
3GPP TS23.122: NAS Functions Related to Mobile Station (MS) in
Idle Mode
3GPP TS24.008: Mobile Radio Interface Layer 3 Specification; Core
Network Protocols - Stage 3
3GPP TS25.304: UEProcedures in Idle Mode and Procedures for Cell
Reselection in Connected Mode
3GPP TS25.331: Radio Resource Control (RRC)
3GPP TS31.102: Characteristics of The USIM Application

4

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe the working principles of the UEBehaviors in Idle Mode
feature
Perform parameters modification of the UE Behaviors in Idle Mode
feature

PLMN Selection

5

Cell Search
UE does not have UTRAN carrier information:
In order to find a suitable cell to stay, UEwill scan all the
frequencies in UTRAN. In each carrier, UE just need to find a cell
with best signal
UE has UTRAN carrier information:
UE will try whether the original cell is suitable to stay. If not, UE
still need to scan all the frequencies in UTRAN to find a suitable
cell in PLMN

Typical scenario of first occasion is the first time a new UE is put into use.
The second occasion is very common.

6

Cell Search (Cont.)
Slot synchronization
Frame synchronization and
code-group identification
Primary scrambling code
identification

Step 1: Slot synchronization
During the first step of the cell search procedure, the UE uses the primary synchronisation
code (PSC) to acquire slot synchronisation to a cell.
Step 2: Frame synchronization and code-group identification
During the second step of the cell search procedure, the UE uses the secondary
synchronisation code (SSC) to find frame synchronisation and identify the code group of
the cell found in the first step.
Step 3: Primary scrambling code identification
During the last step of the cell search procedure, the UE determines the exact primary
scrambling code used by the found cell. The primary scrambling code is typically identified
through symbol-by-symbol correlation over the CPICH with all codes within the code
group identified in the second step.
If the UE has received information about which scrambling codes to search for, steps 2 and
3 above can be simplified.

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8

PLMN Selection

Equivalent PLMNs : The Mobile Equipment stores a list of "equivalent PLMNs". This list is
replaced at the end of each location update procedure or routing area update procedure.
The stored list consists of a list of equivalent PLMNs as downloaded by the network plus
the PLMN code of the registered PLMN that downloaded the list.

9

PLMN Selection (Cont.)
When the UE is switched on, or the coverage is restored, then
the UE selects the registered PLMN or its equivalent PLMNs
If no registered PLMN or equivalent PLMNs is available, or if
registration fails, the UE performs one of the following two
procedures, depending on its operating mode:
Automatic PLMN selection: the UEautomatically selects a PLMN
according to the priority order
Manual PLMN selection: the UEshows all available PLMNs to the
subscriber. The subscriber then selects a PLMN

The UE can get system information from PCCPCH, and the PLMN information is
transmitted in MIB of PCCPCH.
After getting the MIB, the UE can judge whether the current PLMN is right one. If so, the
UE will get SIB scheduling information from the MIB; if not, the UE will search another
carrier, do this procedure again.
The priority order of automatic PLMN selection mode:

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PLMN Selection (Cont.)
Automatic PLMN selection: UE can select a PLMN from the Home
PLMNs (HPLMNs) and roam in the Visited PLMN (VPLMN)
Selecting from the HPLMNs: UEmaintains a list of allowed and
available PLMNs in priority order. When selecting a PLMN, the UE
searches for the PLMNs from the highest priority to the lowest
Roaming in the VPLMN: UE periodically searches for the HPLMN and
higher priority PLMNs for better services
Manual PLMN selection: UE maintains a list of allowed and
available PLMNs in priority order. When selecting a PLMN, the UE
indicates the list to the subscriber who will select a PLMN, and
then camps on the selected PLMN

The MCC and MNC, which are in the PLMN identity of the HPLMN, match the MCC and
MNC in the IMSI of the UE.
Except the HPLMNs, the PLMNs that the UE camps on are defined as VPLMNs.
For the PLMN selection in the VPLMN, a value of T minutes may be stored in the SIM.
Either T is in the range 6 minutes to 8 hours with a step of 6 minutes or T indicates that no
periodic attempts shall be made. If no value is stored in the SIM, a default value of 60
minutes is used.
When the UE attempts to access the HPLMN or the PLMN with higher priority, the UE must
adhere to the following rules:
After the UE is switched on, a period of at least two minutes and at most T minutes
shall elapse before the first attempt is made.
Periodic attempts shall be performed only by the UE in idle mode.
Only the priority levels of equivalent PLMNs of the same country (which serve as
the current serving VPLMN) can be compared with the priority level of a selected
PLMN.

11

System Information Reception

Structure of System Information
System information is organized as a tree, including:
MIB (Master Information Block)
SB (Scheduling Block)
SIB (System Information Block)

System information is used for the network to broadcast network information to UEs
camping on a cell so as to control the behavior of UEs.
MIB
When selecting a new cell, the UE reads the MIB. The UE may locate the MIB by
predefined scheduling information. The IEs in the MIB includes MIB value tag,
PLMN type, PLMN identity, reference and scheduling information for a number of
SIBs in a cell or one or two SBs in a cell.
SB
Scheduling Block (SB) gives reference and scheduling information to other SIBs.
SIB
System Information Block (SIB) contains actual system information. It consists of
system information elements (IEs) with the same purpose.
Scheduling information for an SIB may only be included in either the MIB or one of the SB.
UE may use the scheduling information in the MIB and SB to locate each SIB to be
acquired. If UE received an SIB in a position according to the scheduling information and
considers the contents as valid, UE will read and store the SIB.
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System Information
SIB1: contains the system information for NASand the timer/counter
for UE
SIB2: contains the URA information
SIB3: contains the parameters for cell selection and cell re-selection
SIB5: contains parameters for the common physical channels of the
cell
SIB7: contains the uplink interference level and the refreshing timer
for SIB7
SIB11: contains measurement controlling information

SIB4: contains parameters for cell selection and cell re-selection while UE is in connected
mode.
SIB6: contains parameters for the common physical channels of the cell while UE is in
connected mode.
SIB8: contains the CPCH static information.
SIB9: contains the CPCH dynamic information.
SIB10: contains information to be used by UEs having their DCH controlled by a DRAC
procedure. Used in FDD mode only. To be used in CELL_DCH state only. Changes so often,
its decoding is controlled by a timer.
SIB12: contains measurement controlling information in connecting mode.
SIB13: contains ANSI-41 system information.
SIB14: contains the information in TDD mode.
SIB15: contains the position service information.
SIB16: contains the needed pre-configuration information for handover from other RAT to
UTRAN.
SIB17: contains the configuration information for TDD.
SIB18: contains the PLMN identities of the neighboring cells.
To be used in shared networks to help with the cell reselection process.
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Reception of System Information
The UE shall read system information broadcast on a BCH
transport channel when the UE is in idle mode or in connected
mode, that is, in CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or URA_PCH state

The typical scenarios when the UE read system include the followings :
Before cell selection
After cell reselection
Before location/route update
When the UE enter idle mode from connected mode

15

Cell Selection and Reselection

Cell Selection
When the PLMN is selected and the UE is in idle mode, the UE
starts to select a cell to camp on and to obtain services
There are four states involved in cell selection:
Camped normally
Any cell selection
Camped on any cell
Connected mode

Camped normally: The cell that UE camps on is called the suitable cell. In this state, the UE
obtains normal services.
Any cell selection: In this state, the UE shall attempt to find an acceptable cell of any PLMN
to camp on, trying all RATs that are supported by the UE and searching first for a high
quality cell.
Camped on any cell: The cell that UE camps on is called the acceptable cell. In this state the
UE obtains limited services. For example, UE may originate emergency call. The UE shall
regularly attempt to find a suitable cell of the selected PLMN, trying all RATs that are
supported by the UE.
Connected mode: After RRC connection setup, the UE changes from the idle mode to the
connected mode (CELL_DCH, CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or URA_PCH state).
Cell selection of the UE leaving the connected mode:
When returning to the idle mode from the connected mode, the UE shall select a
suitable cell to camp on. Candidate cells for this selection are the cells used
immediately before the UE leaves the connected mode.
When returning to the idle mode after an emergency call on any PLMN, the UE
shall select an acceptable cell to camp on. Candidate cells for this selection are the
cells used immediately before the UE leaves the connected mode.
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If no acceptable cell is found, the UE shall continue to search for an acceptable cell
on any PLMN in the state "Any cell selection".

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18

Cell Selection (Cont.)
Two types of cell selection:
Initial cell selection
If no cell information is stored for the PLMN, the UEstarts this procedure
Stored information of cell selection
If cell information is stored for the PLMN, the UEstarts this procedure

Initial cell selection: If no cell information is stored for the PLMN, the UE starts the initial
cell selection. For this procedure, the UE need not know in advance which Radio Frequency
(RF) channels are UTRA bearers. The UE scans all RF channels in the UTRA band according
to its capabilities to find a suitable cell of the selected PLMN. On each carrier, the UE need
only search for the strongest cell. Once a suitable cell is found, this cell shall be selected.
Stored information of cell selection: For this procedure, the UE has to know the central
frequency information and other optional cell parameters that are obtained from the
measurement control information received before, such as scrambling codes. After this
procedure is started, the UE selects a suitable cell if any. Otherwise, the "Initial cell
selection" procedure is triggered.

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Cell Selection Criteria
min qual qualmeas qual
Q Q S =
on compensati rxlev rxlevmeas rxlev
P Q Q S =
min
Criterion S is used by the UE to judge whether the cell is
suitable to camped on
Criterion S: Srxlev > 0 & Squal > 0, where:

If the pilot strength and quality of one cell meet S criteria, UE will stay in this cell and get
other system information. Then, UE will initiate a location update registration process.
If the cell doesnt satisfy S criteria, UE will get adjacent cells information from SIB11. Then,
UE will judge weather these cells satisfy S criteria. If the adjacent cell is suitable, UE will
stay in the adjacent cell.
If no cell satisfies S criteria, UE will take the area as dead zone and continue the PLMN
selection and reselection procedure.

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Parameters of S Criterion
Qqualmin
Parameter name: Min quality level
Recommended value: -18, namely -18dB
Qrxlevmin
Parameter name: Min Rx level
Recommended value: -58, namely -115dBm

Qqualmin
Content: The minimum required quality level corresponding to CPICH Ec/No. The
UE can camp on the cell only when the measured CPICH Ec/No is greater than the
value of this parameter.
Value range: -24~0
Physical value range: -24~0; step: 1
Physical unit: dB
Set this parameter through ADD UCELLSELRESEL, query it through LST
UCELLSELRESEL, and modify it through MOD UCELLSELRESEL.
Qrelevmin
Content: The minimum required RX level corresponding to CPICH RSCP. The UE can
camp on the cell only when the measured CPICH RSCP is greater than the value of
this parameter.
Value range: -58~-13
Physical value range: -115~-25; step: 2 (-58: -115, -57: -113, ..., -13 :-25)
Physical unit: dBm

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Parameters of S Criterion (Cont.)
MaxAllowedUlTxPower
Parameter name: Max allowed UEUL TX power
Recommended value: 24, namely 24dBm

MaxAllowedUlTxPower
Content: The maximum allowed uplink transmit power of a UE in the cell, which is
related to the network planning.
Value range: -50~33
Physical unit: dBm

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Cell Reselection
The signal strength of both serving cell and neighboring cells
varies with the movement of a UE and so the UE needs to
select the most suitable cell to camp on. This process is called
cell reselection
Cell reselection process:
Measurement start criteria
Cell reselection criteria

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Measurement Start Criteria
Intra-frequency measurement:
S
qual
S
intrasearch
Q
qualmeas
Q
qualmin
S
intrasearch
Q
qualmeas
Q
qualmin
+ S
intrasearch

If Squal > Sintrasearch, the UE need not start the intra-frequency measurement.
If Squal Sintrasearch, the UE need to start the intra-frequency measurement.
If system messages do not contain Sintrasearch, the UE always need to start the intra-
frequency measurement.
Parameters of the measurement start criteria:

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Measurement Start Criteria (Cont.)
Inter-frequency measurement:
S
qual
S
intersearch
Q
qualmeas
Q
qualmin
S
intersearch
Q
qualmeas
Q
qualmin
+ S
intersearch

If Squal > Sintersearch, the UE need not start the inter-frequency measurement.
If Squal Sintersearch, the UE need to start the inter-frequency measurement.
If system messages do not contain Sintersearch, the UE always need to start the inter-
frequency measurement.

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Measurement Start Criteria (Cont.)
Inter-RAT measurement:
S
qual
S
searchRATm
Q
qualmeas
Q
qualmin
S
searchRATm
Q
qualmeas
Q
qualmin
+ S
searchRATm

If Squal > SsearchRATm, the UE need not start the inter-RAT measurement.
If Squal SsearchRATm, the UE need to start the inter-RAT measurement.
If system messages do not contain SsearchRATm, the UE always need to start the inter-
RAT measurement.

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Parameters of Measurement Start Criteria
IdleSintrasearch
Parameter name: Intra-freq cell reselection threshold for idle mode
Recommended value: 5, namely 5dB
ConnSintrasearch
Parameter name: Intra-freq cell reselection threshold for
connected mode

IdleSintrasearch
Content: A threshold for intra-frequency cell reselection in idle mode. When the
quality (CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this
threshold plus the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the intra-frequency cell reselection
procedure will be started. This parameter is not configured when its value is 127.
Value range: {{-16~10}, {127}}
Physical unit: dB
ConnSintrasearch
Content: A threshold for intra-frequency cell reselection in connect mode. When
the quality (CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this
threshold plus the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the intra-frequency cell reselection
Value range: {{-16~10}, {127}}
Physical unit: dB
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(Cont.)
IdleSintersearch
Parameter name: Inter-freq cell reselection threshold for idle mode
ConnSintersearch
Parameter name: Inter-freq cell reselection threshold for
connected mode

IdleSintersearch
Content: A threshold for inter-frequency cell reselection in idle mode. When the
quality (CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this
threshold plus the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the inter-frequency cell reselection
Value range: {{-16~10}, {127}}
Physical unit: dB
ConnSintersearch
Content: A threshold for inter-frequency cell reselection in connect mode. When
the quality (CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this
threshold plus the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the inter-frequency cell reselection
Value range: {{-16~10}, {127}}
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Physical unit: dB

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(Cont.)
SsearchRat
Parameter name: Inter-RAT cell reselection threshold

SearchRat
Content: A threshold for inter-RAT cell reselection. When the quality (CPICH Ec/No
measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold plus the [Qqualmin]
of the cell, the inter-RAT cell reselection procedure will be started. This parameter is
not configured when its value is 127.
Value range: {{-16~10}, {127}}
Physical unit: dB

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Measurement Start Criteria Description

The intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and inter-RAT measurement criteria are as shown in
the above figure.
The intra-frequency cell reselection has a priority higher than the inter-frequency cell
reselection and inter-RAT cell reselection, the intra-frequency cell reselection start
threshold should be higher than the inter-frequency cell reselection start threshold and
inter-RAT cell reselection start threshold.
If the cell reselection threshold is set to a comparatively high value, the UE may frequently
start cell reselections, and the battery of the UE may be largely consumed. If the cell
reselection threshold is set to a comparatively low value, it is difficult for cell reselections
to be started, and the UE may not timely reside in the cells with good quality, affecting the
quality of communication between the UTRAN and the UE. For detailed information, refer
to 3GPP TS 25.304.

32

Cell Reselection Criteria
Criterion R is used for intra-frequency, inter-frequency and inter-
RAT cell reselection
The cell-ranking criterion R is defined by:
n s
offset n meas n
Q Q R
,
,
=
hysts s meas s
Q Q R + =
,

In Rs, s means serving cell. In Rn, n means neighbor cell.
The offset Qoffset1s,n is used for Qoffsets,n to calculate Rn. The hysteresis Qhyst1s is used
for Qhysts to calculate Rs.
The UE shall rank the cells according to the R criterion, derive Qmeas,n and Qmeas,s and
calculate the R values, as described in the following cases:
If a TDD or GSM cell is ranked as the best cell, the UE shall reselect that TDD or
GSM cell.
If an FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and the quality measure for cell selection
and reselection is set to CPICH RSCP (QualMeas = CPICH_RSCP), the UE shall
reselect that FDD cell.
If an FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and the quality measure for cell selection
and reselection is set to CPICH Ec/N0 (QualMeas = CPICH_ECNO), the UE shall
perform a second ranking of the FDD cells according to the R criteria specified
above. In this case, however, the UE uses the measurement quantity CPICH Ec/N0
for deriving the Qmeas,n and Qmeas,s and then calculating the R values of the FDD
cells. The offset Qoffset2s,n is used for Qoffsets,n to calculate Rn, the hysteresis
Qhyst2s is used for Qhysts to calculate Rs.

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34

Hysteresis and Time Interval

In all the previous cases, the UE can reselect a new cell only when the following conditions
are met:
The new cell is better ranked than the serving cell during a time interval
Treselections.
More than one second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell.

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Parameters of R Criteria
QualMeas
Parameter name: Cell Sel-reselection quality measure
Recommended value: CPICH_ECNO
Treselections
Parameter name: Reselection delay time
Recommended value: 1, namely 1s

QualMeas
Content: Measurement quantity of cell selection and reselection. It can be set to
CPICH Ec/N0 or CPICH RSCP.
Value range: CPICH_ECNO(CPICH Ec/N0), CPICH_RSCP(CPICH RSCP)
Physical value range: CPICH_ECNO, CPICH_RSCP
Physical unit: None
Treselections
Content: If the signal quality of a neighboring cell is better than that of the serving
cell during the specified time of this parameter, the UE reselects the neighboring
cell. It is used to avoid ping-pong reselection between different cells.
Value range: 0~31
Physical value range: 0~31; step: 1
Physical unit: s

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Parameters of R Criteria (Cont.)
IdleQhyst1s
Parameter name: Hysteresis 1 for idle mode
ConnQhyst1s
Parameter name: Hysteresis 1 for connected mode

IdleQhyst1s
Content: The hysteresis value of the serving FDD cells in idle mode in case the
quality measurement for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH RSCP. It is
related to the slow fading feature of the area where the cell is located. The greater
the slow fading variance is, the greater this parameter.
Value range: 0~20
Physical unit: dB
ConnQhyst1s
Content: The hysteresis value of the serving FDD cells in connected mode in case
the quality measurement for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH RSCP. It is
the slow fading variance is, the greater this parameter .
Value range: 0~20
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Physical unit: dB

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IdleQhyst2s
Parameter name: Hysteresis 2 for idle mode
ConnQhyst2s
Parameter name: Hysteresis 2 for connected mode

IdleQhyst2s
Content: The hysteresis value of the serving FDD cells in idle mode in case the
quality measurement for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH Ec/No. It is
the slow fading variance is, the greater this parameter.
Value range: {{0~20}, {255}}
Physical unit: dB
ConnQhyst2s
Content: The hysteresis value of the serving FDD cells in connected mode in case
the quality measurement for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH Ec/No. It
is related to the slow fading feature of the area where the cell is located. The
greater the slow fading variance is, the greater this parameter.
Value range: {{0~20}, {255}}
Physical unit: dB
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IdleQoffset1sn
Parameter name: IdleQoffset1sn
ConnQoffset1sn
Parameter name: ConnQoffset1sn

IdleQoffset1sn
Content: Offset of cell CPICH RSCP measurement value in cell selection or
reselection when the UE is in idle mode.
Value range: -50~50
Physical value range: -50~+50; step: 1
Physical unit: dB
Set this parameter through ADD UINTRAFREQNCELL / ADD UINTERFREQNCELL,
query it through LST UINTRAFREQNCELL / LST UINTERFREQNCELL, and modify it
through MOD UINTRAFREQNCELL / MOD UINTERFREQNCELL.
ConnQoffset1sn
Content: Offset of cell CPICH RSCP measurement value in cell selection or
reselection when the UE is in connected mode.
Value range: -50~50
Physical value range: -50~+50; step: 1
Physical unit: dB
40


41

IdleQoffset2sn
Parameter name: IdleQoffset2sn
ConnQoffset2sn
Parameter name: ConnQoffset2sn

IdleQoffset2sn
Content: Offset of cell CPICH Ec/No measurement value in cell selection or
reselection when the UE is in idle mode.
Value range: -50~50
Physical unit: dB
ConnQoffset2sn
Content: Offset of cell CPICH Ec/No measurement value in cell selection or
reselection when the UE is in connected mode.
Value range: -50~50
Physical unit: dB

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43

Location Registration
Location Registration
The location registration includes:
Location update (for non-GPRS)
Route update (for GPRS)
The types of location registration:
Normal location registration
Periodic location registration
IMSI attach/detach(for non-GPRS)

Location registration is used for the PLMN to trace the current status of the UE. Location
registration ensures that the UE is connected to the network when the UE does not
perform any operation for a long period.
The UE performs normal location registration in the following conditions:
After being switched on, the UE selects a suitable cell that belongs to a new LA or
RA. That is, the LA or RA is different from that recorded in the USIM before the
switch-off of the UE.
The UE in idle mode enters the cell of a new LA or RA.
CS domain location registration signaling is shown as following :
44

45

Periodic Location Registration
Periodic location registration is controlled by a Periodic
Location Update timer (T3212, for non-GPRS operation) or a
Periodic Routing Area Update timer (T3312, for GPRS operation)
T3212 is set through T3212 on the RNC side
T3312 is set on the CN side

Periodic location registration may be used to periodically notify the network of the
availability of the UE.
The value of T3212 is sent by the network to the UE in SIB1. The value of T3312 is sent by
the network to the UE in the NAS messages ATTACH ACCEPT and ROUTING AREA
UPDATE ACCEPT. The value of T3312 shall be unique within an RA.
T3312 signaling procedure is shown as following :
T3312 is sent to UE in the two following scenarios.

46

IMSI Attach/Detach
The IMSI attach/detach process facilitates the fast location
registration of the UE in specific conditions
IMSI attach/detach is set through ATT on the RNC side

If the UE still stays in the same LA after being switched on again, the UE shall perform an
LR request indicating IMSI attach. Otherwise, the UE shall perform an LR request indicating
normal location update.
When the IMSI attach/detach operation applies, the UE shall send the IMSI detach
message to the network when the UE is switched off or the SIM is removed while being in
the UPDATED state. This IMSI detach message will not be acknowledged by the network.
The system information contains an indicator indicating whether the IMSI attach/detach
operation is mandatory in the cell. The UE shall operate in accordance with the received
value of the indicator.

47

Parameters of Location Registration
T3212
Parameter name: Periodical location update timer [6min]
Recommended value: 10, namely 60min
ATT
Parameter name: Attach/detach indication
Recommended value: ALLOWED

T3212
Content: This parameter indicates the time length of the periodical location update.
Periodical location update is implemented by MS through the location update
procedure. 0: The periodical update procedure is not used. This parameter is valid
only when [CN domain ID] is set as CS_DOMAIN.
Value range: 0~255
Physical unit: min
Set this parameter through ADD UCNDOMAIN, query it through LST UCNDOMAIN,
modify it through MOD UCNDOMAIN.
ATT
Content: Indicating whether attach/detach is allowed. NOT_ALLOWED indicates that
MS cannot apply the IMSI attach/detach procedure. ALLOWED indicates that MS
can apply the IMSI attach/detach procedure. This parameter is valid only when [CN
domain ID] is set as CS_DOMAIN.
Value range: NOT_ALLOWED, ALLOWED
Physical value range: NOT_ALLOWED, ALLOWED
Physical unit: None
modify it through MOD UCNDOMAIN.
48

49

Paging Procedure
Paging Initiation
CN initiated paging:
Establish a signaling connection
UTRAN initiated paging:
Trigger the cell update procedure
Trigger reading of updated system information

For CN originated paging:
In order to request UTRAN connect to UE, CN initiates the paging procedure,
transmits paging message to the UTRAN through Iu interface, and UTRAN
transmits the paging message from CN to UE through the paging procedure on Uu
interface, which will make the UE initiate a signaling connection setup process with
the CN.
For UTRAN originated paging:
UE state transition: In order to trigger UE in the CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state to
carry out state transition (for example, transition to the CELL_FACH state), the
UTRAN will perform a paging process. Meanwhile, the UE will initiate a cell update
or URA update process, as a reply to the paging.
When the cell system message is updated: When system messages change, the
UTRAN will trigger paging process in order to inform UE in the idle, CELL_PCH or
URA_PCH state to carry out the system message update, so that the UE can read
the updated system message.

50

Paging Type 1
If UE is in the idle mode or CELL/URA_PCH state, the paging
message will be transmitted on PCCH with paging type 1
CN RNC1 RNC2 NODEB1.1 NODEB2.1 UE
RANAP RANAP
RANAP RANAP
PCCH: PAGING TYPE 1
PAGING
PAGING
PCCH: PAGING TYPE 1

Paging type 1:
The message is transmitted in one LA or RA for idle mode, or in one cell for
CELL_PCH state, or in one URA for URA_PCH state.
After calculating the paging time, the paging message will be transmitted at that
time.
If UE is in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state, the UTRAN transmits the paging
information in PAGING TYPE 1 message to UE. After received paging message, UE
performs a cell update or URA update procedure to transit state to CELL_FACH.
As shown in the above figure, the CN initiates paging in a location area (LA), which is
covered by two RNCs. After receiving a paging message, the RNC searches all the cells
corresponding to the LAI, and then calculates the paging time, at which it will send the
PAGING TYPE 1 message to these cells through the PCCH.

51

Paging Type 2
If UE is in CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH state, the paging message
will be transmitted on DCCH with paging type 2
CN SRNC UE
RANAP RANAP
PAGING
RRC RRC
DCCH: PAGING TYPE 2

Paging type 2:
If UE is in CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH statethe paging message will be transmitted
on DCCH with paging type 2.
The message will be only transmitted in a cell.
As shown in the above figure, if the UE is in the CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH state, the UTRAN
will immediately transmit PAGING TYPE 2 message to the paged UE on DCCH channel.

52

DRX Procedure
To reduce power consumption, the UE can read the
information from the PICH only at a particular time. This is
known as the Discontinuous Reception (DRX) technology. The
interval between two consecutive periods of time is called DRX
cycle
The value for the DRX paging cycle length is determined as
follows:
DRX Cycle Length MAX (2
k
, PBP) frames

Paging Reception Process : When UE stays in idle mode, CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state, the
UE receives paging indicator from the PICH firstly, then reads the paging information on
the S-CCPCH.
The DRX paging period formula:
DRX Cycle Length MAX(2
k
, PBP) frames
K is the CN domain specific DRX cycle length coefficient, which is broadcasted in
SIB1. The typical value is 6.
PBP is Paging Block Periodicity , which is 1 for FDD mode.
The paging period should be 640ms if K is 6.

53

DRX Procedure (Cont.)
The value of the Paging Occasion is determined as follows:
Paging Occasion (CELL SFN) =
{(IMSI div K) mod (DRX cycle length div PBP)} * PBP
+ n * DRX cycle length + Frame Offset
Paging Occasion(CELL SFN) Case:

Paging SFN formula:
Paging Occasion (CELL SFN) = {(IMSI div K) mod (DRX cycle length div PBP)} *PBP +
n *DRX cycle length + Frame Offset
n =0, 1, 2and the requirement is the calculated CELL SFN must be below its
maximum value 4095.
Frame Offset is 0 for FDD mode.
K is the number of SCCPCH which carries PCH, and the typical value is 1.
The formula cloud be simplified as: SFN = IMSI mod (DRX cycle length) + n * (DRX
cycle length).
Paging Occasion(CELL SFN) Case :
One UEs IMSI = 460010912121001, DRX cycle length = 64 frames, the value of the
paging occasion for the UE is shown as the red point in the above figure, in these
paging occasion(CELL SFN), the UE will read paging indicator from PICH

54

In FDD the UEshall monitor its paging indicator in the PICH frame
with SFN given by the Paging Occasion
The Page Indicator in the frame to use is calculated by using the
following formula:
Where, PI = (IMSI div 8192) mod N
P
N
P
is the number of paging indicators in one PICH frame

( ) ( ) ( ) Np
Np
SFN SFN SFN SFN PI q mod
144
144 mod 512 / 64 / 8 / 18
|
|
\
|
(
+ + + + =

SFN is the paging occasion of the UE
As shown in the followed figure, the UE needs to monitor the frames (paging occasions)
indicated by the red dots, and then decodes the qth PI of this frame.

55

56

PICH
Associated S-CCPCH frame
PICH frame containing paging indicator
Through DRX, UE only listens to PICH at certain predefined time.
And UE will read the paging information on SCCPCH if the
paging indicator is 1
Time offset between PICH and SCCPCH:

The timing relationship between PICH and SCCPCH is defined by the above figure, and the
interval is 3 slots duration (2ms, 7680 chips).

57

Parameters of DRX
DRXCyclelenCoef
Parameter name: DRX cycle length coefficient
Recommended value: 6
PICHMode
Parameter name: PICH mode
Recommend value: V36

DRXCyclelenCoef
Content: This parameter is broadcasted on SIB1. This parameter is used when a UE
is in idle mode.
Value range: 6~9
Physical value range: 6~9
Physical unit: None
and modify it through MOD UCNDOMAIN.
PICHMode
Content: Indicating the number of PIs contained in each frame on the PICH.
Value range: V18, V36, V72, V144
Physical value range: 18, 36, 72, 144
Physical unit: None
Set this parameter through ADD UPICH, query it through LST UPICH.

58

Parameters of DRX (Cont.)
MaccPageRepeatTimes
Parameter name: Number of page re-TX

MaccPageRepeatTimes
Content: This parameter defines the times of retransmission of paging messages. If
the times of retransmission exceeds the value of this parameter, retransmission
stops. For details, refer to the 3GPP TS 25.331 protocol.
Value range: 0~2
Physical unit: None
Set this parameter through SET UDPUCFGDATA, query it through LST
UDPUCFGDATA.

59

Access Procedure

Two Working Modes of UE
Idle mode:
After turning on, UE will stay in idle mode
Connected mode:
UE will switch to connected mode which could be CELL_FACH
state or CELL_DCH state from the idle mode
After releasing RRC connection, UEwill switch to the idle mode
from the connected mode

The most important difference between idle mode and connected mode is whether UE has
RRC connection with UTRAN or not.
In idle mode, UE will be identified by IMSI, TMSI or PTMSI and so on.
In connected mode, UE will be identified by URNTI (UTRAN Radio Network Temporary
Identity), which is the ID of one RRC connection.

60

Random Access Procedure
Definition:
Random access procedure is initiated by UEin order to get service
from the system. Meanwhile, the access channels are allocated to
the UEby system

This process may happen in the following typical scenarios:
Attach and detach
LA update and RA update
Signaling connection for services

61

Random Access Channel
AICH access
slots
10 ms
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14 #13 #12 #11 #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4
p-a
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14 #13 #12 #11 #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4
PRACH
access slots
SFN mod 2 = 0 SFN mod 2 = 1
10 ms
Access slot set 1 Access slot set 2

UE will transmit the preamble at the access time slot.
Access frame is composed of two 10ms radio frames, which is divided into 15 access time
slot, and 5120 chips for each slot.
The PRACH access slots, AICH access slots and their time offset are showed in the above
figure.

62

RACH Sub-Channels
SFN mod
8
Random access sub-channels number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 12 13 14 8 9 10 11
2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3 9 10 11 12 13 14 8
4 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
6 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
The access slots of different RACH sub-channels are illustrated by the
following table:

A RACH sub-channel defines a sub-set of the total set of uplink access slots. There are a
total of 12 RACH sub-channels.
Set Preamble signatures and RACH sub-channel no. through ADD UPRACHBASIC, query
them through LST UPRACH.

63

Random Access Channel Case
Sub Channels how to use Access Slots ?
p-p

If UE1 can use all sub channels(0 ~ 11).
If UE2 can only use sub channels (0~2).

p-p
: time interval between two PRACH preambles.

64

Access Service Class
The PRACH resources can be classified into several ASCs, so as
to provide RACH applications with different priorities

For Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode, the PRACH resources include access timeslots
and preamble signatures, which can be classified into several ASCs, so as to provide RACH
applications with different priorities.
The ASCs range from 0 to 7, and the quantity of ASCs is 8. "0" indicates the highest
priority and "7" indicates the lowest priority.
Set ASC of PRACH through ADD UPRACHASC, modify it through MOD UPRACHASC, and
remove it through RMV UPRACHASC.

65

Access Control
Access Control is used by network operators to prevent
overload of radio access channels under critical conditions
Access class 0 ~ Access Class 9
Access class 11 ~ Access Class 15
Access class 10

The access class number is stored in the SIM/USIM.
Access class 0~9 are allocated to all the users. And these 10 classes show the same priority.
Access class 11~15 are allocated to specific high priority users as follows. (The
enumeration is not meant as a priority sequence):
Access class 15: PLMN staff
Access class 14: users subscribing to emergency services
Access class 13: public organizations
Access class 12: users subscribing to security services
Access class 11: users responsible for PLMN management
Access Class 10 indicates whether or not network access for Emergency Calls is allowed for
UEs with access classes 0 to 9 or without an IMSI. For UEs with access classes 11 to 15,
Emergency Calls are not allowed if both "Access class 10" and the relevant Access Class (11
to 15) are barred. Otherwise, Emergency Calls are allowed.

66

Mapping between AC and ASC
The AC-ASC mapping information is optional and used for the
System Information Block 5 (SIB5) only
AC-ASC mapping case

Set the mapping between AC and ASC through ADD UPRACHACTOASCMAP, modify it
through MOD UPRACHACTOASCMAP, and remove it through RMV UPRACHACTOASCMAP.

67

68

Random access procedure
1. Derive the available uplink access slots, in the next full access slot set, for the set
of available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC. Randomly select one access
slot among the ones previously determined. If there is no access slot available in
the selected set, randomly select one uplink access slot corresponding to the set of
available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC from the next access slot set.
The random function shall be such that each of the allowed selections is chosen
with equal probability.
2. Randomly select a signature from the set of available signatures within the given
ASC.
3. Set the Preamble Retransmission Counter to Preamble_ Retrans_ Max.
4. Set the preamble transmission power and Commanded Preamble Power to
Preamble_Initial_Power.
5. Transmit a preamble using the selected uplink access slot, signature, and
preamble transmission power.
6. If no positive or negative acquisition indicator (AI +1 nor 1) corresponding to
the selected signature is detected in the downlink access slot corresponding to the
selected uplink access slot:
A: select the next available access slot in the set of available RACH sub-
channels within the given ASC;
B: select a signature;
C: increase the preamble transmission power and Commanded Preamble
Power by Power Ramp Step, whereas the maximum value of preamble
transmission power is equal to MaxallowedUlTxPower.
D: Decrease the Preamble Retransmission Counter by one. If the Preamble
Retransmission Counter > 0 and Commanded Preamble Power maximum
allowed power < 6dB, then repeat from step 5. Otherwise exit the physical
random access procedure.
7. If a negative acquisition indicator corresponding to the selected signature is
detected in the downlink access slot corresponding to the selected uplink access
slot, exit the physical random access procedure.
8. If a positive acquisition indicator corresponding to the selected signature is
detected, UE transmits the random access message three or four uplink access slots
after the uplink access slot of the last transmitted preamble. After that, exit the
physical random access procedure.

69

RRC Connection Message
Typical RRC connection messages:
RRC_CONNECTION_REQUEST
RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP
RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP_COMPLETE
RRC_CONNECTION_RELEASE

When a UE needs network service, it first sets up RRC connection as follows:
The UE sends a RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message from the cell where it camps
to the RNC.
The RNC allocates related resources for the UE and sends an RRC CONNECTION
SETUP message to the UE.
The UE sends a RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE message to the RNC. The RRC
connection setup ends.

70

UE Timers and Constants in Idle Mode
T300
Parameter name: Timer 300 [ms]
Recommended value: D2000, namely 2s
N300
Parameter name: Constant 300

T300
Content: T300 is started when UE sends the RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message.
It is stopped when UE receives the RRC CONNECTION SETUP message. RRC
CONNECTION REQUEST will be resent upon the expiry of the timer if V300 is lower
than or equal to N300, else enter idle mode.
Value range: D100, D200, D400, D600, D800, D1000, D1200, D1400, D1600, D1800,
D2000, D3000, D4000, D6000, D8000
Physical value range: 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000,
3000, 4000, 6000, 8000
Physical unit: ms
Set this parameter through SET UIDLEMODETIMER, query it through LST
UIDLEMODETIMER.
N300
Content: Maximum number of retransmissions of the RRC CONNECTION REQUEST
message.
Value range: 0~7
Physical unit: None
Set this parameter through SET UIDLEMODETIMER, query it through LST
UIDLEMODETIMER.
71

72

UE Timers and Constants in Idle Mode
(Cont.)

73

RRC Connection Establish Channel Type
and Bit Rate
RrcCause
Parameter name: Cause of RRC connection establishment
Recommended value: refer to next page
SigChType
Parameter name: Channel type for RRC establishment
Recommended value: refer to next page

RrcCause
Content: This parameter specifies the cause of RRC connection establishment, that
is, the value of the Establishment cause IE in the RRC CONNECTION REQUEST
message.
Value range: ORIGCONVCALLEST, ORIGSTREAMCALLEST, ORIGINTERCALLEST,
ORIGBKGCALLEST, ORIGSUBSTRAFFCALLEST, TERMCONVCALLEST,
TERMSTREAMCALLEST, TERMINTERCALLEST, TERMBKGCALLEST, EMERGCALLEST,
INTERRATCELLRESELEST, INTERRATCELLCHGORDEREST, REGISTEST, DETACHEST,
ORIGHIGHPRIORSIGEST, ORIGLOWPRIORSIGEST, CALLREEST,
TERMHIGHPRIORSIGEST, TERMLOWPRIORSIGEST, TERMCAUSEUNKNOWN,
MBMSCALLEST, DEFAULTEST
Set this parameter through SET URRCESTCAUSE, query it through LST
URRCESTCAUSE.

74

SigChType
Content: This parameter specifies the channel type and bit rate for RRC connection
establishment.
Value range: FACH, DCH_3.4K_SIGNALLING, DCH_6.8K_SIGNALLING,
DCH_13.6K_SIGNALLING, DCH_27.2K_SIGNALLING
FACH: The RRC connection is set up on the common channel.
DCH_3.4K_SIGNALLING: The RRC connection is set up on the 3.4 kbit/s
dedicated channel.
dedicated channel.
dedicated channel.
dedicated channel.
Set this parameter through SET URRCESTCAUSE, query it through LST
URRCESTCAUSE.

75

76

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