Student name: 'handan Singh )eg no: *+111,-.$ Su!1ect code: ( ,,.

'ourse: ("A /' code: ,.1,0 Su!1ect name: %3 'ommerce

Q1. What are the factors that you would consider while designing the electronic payment system? Ans. Designing electronic payment systems- Electronic payment systems can be made more popular and successful by including several factors. Privacy: Consumers always want their information to be confidential. Therefore, an electronic payment system must be designed in such a way that must give complete privacy to the information of a customer. Security: An electronic payment system must be designed in such a way that it should provide complete security of the users information. ntuitive interfaces: The user interface of the system should be user friendly and convenient to use. Data!ase integrations: A single database should be maintained to store the customer information, which will help the customer in accessing all the necessary data at one shot. "ro#ers: A network banker should be available !"# to help the customers in case of any issues. Pricing: Another issue is how we can price the payment systems services. $hile designing electronic payment system it should be known that without subsides it is very difficult to price services affordably. Standards: Adherence to certain common standards enables interoperability by allowing customers to buy and receive information any time and anywhere in the world. Q$. What is the name of the standard? Discuss the wor#ing concepts of that standard. Ans. Wor#ing concepts of %D 1. Preparation of electronic documents: The most demanding part of implementing E%& in any business is preparing the electronic documents. There are a number of different methods to generate electronic documents as there are many different numbers of businesses and applications. 'ome methods of generating electronic documents are( &ranscri!ing data: %ata from printed reports is manually entered into a small computer based software package by users. )ost small businesses need to communicate information electronically to their customers or vendors, but they do not have the computing resources to automatically generate information. A computer might be the only computing resource. &n this case, a relatively ine*pensive +off-theshelf+ E%& software packages can be used. This re,uires only a modem and a

computer. )ost of these products include options to allow users to generate entry forms, permitting them to enter information via the keyboard. -eformatting e*isting computer based data( %atabase products or spread sheets are commonly used by small businesses. These data processing tools can be used to e*port data for E%& transactions. &t is also possible with ine*pensive commercially available computer software to read electronic report files from other applications and re-format them into data files that can be used by E%& packages. .pdating e*isting applications( Companies that have active application systems can consider having the applications enhanced to generate output in a format that could be easily translated. Custom software development is re,uired for this approach. The enhancement of the e*isting software depends on the e*tent of the e*isting software portfolio. /eneration of purchase order data is done by making use of a program to read e*isting files from a purchasing system and e*tracting the necessary information. The e*isting software can be modified to create new output files. Purchasing software: &f a company wants to purchase software that ensures that it will meet their E%& re,uirements then it should be predetermined as an evaluation re,uirement. )any software vendors include such capability in packages of basic software. &f the capabilities are not included, then the vendor can also provide the additional functionality at a cost that will be less e*pensive than in-house modifications. $. 4ut!ound translation E%& can be simply defined as electronic e*change of data in a mutually agreed-upon format. There are numerous application software packages creating purchase orders, all constructed for specific needs and based on different industry and data re,uirements. 0ence, there arises a need to provide a common definition of data formats. 0owever, the difficulty of accomplishing this is evident. Twenty different companies will almost certainly yield twenty different definitions of how a part number should be formatted. This issue could be avoided in a simple one-to-one E%& relationship by providing the schematic layout of the data to the receiver, and simply transmitting the data to the receiver without any translation. The receiver can alter and reformat the data to suit their purpose. The sender and the receiver will agree upon a common file definition for their use. )any E%& relationships started out using similar methods. 0owever, if we consider the e*ample, A1C has several hundred suppliers, and the chance of getting them all to agree upon A1Cs definition of a purchase order format is ,uite small, particularly if those suppliers are also dealing with hundreds of other customers. There has to be a uni,ue set of rules for each partnership. The resulting confusion would ,uickly drive customers and suppliers to return to paper forms regardless of the benefits or savings. The solution to this would be to have a comprehensive set of national and international standards. The standards are developed by specific industry or business groups. The standards provided commonly agree upon formats for use in virtually every type of business communication. .sing these types of standards, information can be organi2ed in a transaction format with definitions for the format. An internal system or a separate software package can be used to translate data into a standard format. &rrespective of the means used for translation, the end result of the process will be an output file generated in a specific format that any subscriber to the standard can understand. .. 'ommunication Transferring data in a one-to-one E%& relationship can be as easy as connecting a modem and transferring the file. This would become impractical with more number of vendors. &f a manufacturer has to send out hundreds of purchase orders each week to

hundreds of suppliers, it would re,uire many employees and a very tight schedule, to transmit all of their purchase orders. Even if the manufacturer had an e*tensive private network available for successful transmission, it is necessary that all vendors be linked into the network. These problems can be avoided by a connection allowing receivers to access the senders systems and collect the necessary data, but it poses a serious security issue. $ith careful control it will work on limited base including separate hardware to isolate the system being accessed by third parties. 'ome companies might accept these approaches, but this would lead to chaos, and once again most E%& users would ,uickly return to preparing printed documents, so that they could rely on the mail to distribute all their documents. To overcome these issues, E%& users can make use of third-party network services, commonly referred to as +3alue Added 4etworks+ or 3A45s. The 3A4 works as a clearing house for electronic transactions. &t serves as a private electronic mail service. A company can send all of their purchase order files to a single destination. Each vendor5s data is routed to their own electronic mailbo* by the 3A4. &f the recipient of the file does not subscribe to the particular 3A4 used by the sender then the transaction can be routed from one 3A4 to the other. The security issue is resolved by using a 3A4. &t allows trading partners to trade information, but at the same time avoid giving information away. 1oth the parties cannot access each others systems. 0owever, they can still freely e*change agreed-upon information. The implementation process can be made even easier by using a full service 3A4, which provide other services, including translation, standards compliance checking, and E%& software. 0. n!ound translation The inbound translation process is the reverse of outbound translation. 6nce the purchase orders have been transferred to the electronic mailbo*es by the 3A4, the vendor can retrieve them at their convenience. The files will be translated into a specific format re,uired by the vendor5s application. This is called as de-map process. The usage of a standard format makes it easier for the vendor to recogni2e, which company the transaction is from, and then which type of transaction it is. 6nce the translation is complete, then it can be made usable in any desired format to the receiver5s internal applications. *. Processing the electronic document The vendor base will range from large corporations with sophisticated application systems to small shops with only a modem and a computer to a large manufacturer. A vendor with a highly automated process may process the information directly into their applications and act upon it without any interference. The small business may print reports. &n both the case, and regardless of the scale, E%& can be successfully implemented. The final step is to close the loop by transmitting an acknowledgment transaction back to the vendor. Q.. /ist and e5plain the four Ps of mar#eting? Are the 0 Ps really applica!le to nternet mar#eting? 6ow? Ans. Product: 3arious factors have to be thought upon by online marketers with respect to the products they sell. The most obvious fact is that in e-marketing the customers cannot see or touch products in the same way they can when they visit a store or showroom. That is the reason why products such as books, C%s, and computer good shave traditionally fared better than food and clothes. The integration of products with useful content is another significant factor which needs to be considered. &nternet

e*perts term this consideration as information product, which aims at increased product value by offering relevant and e*clusive information. Price: The internet has helped towards lowering of prices for certain products. The chances for comparative shopping have been increased by the internet. 'ome online- markets like www.priceline.com allow customers to set their own prices. 7ower prices are a way of encouraging customers to make their first online purchase as it involves minimal risk on the part of internet users. 8ricing is an important factor in getting users to buy products online, but it is not the only factor. $ebsites that encourage useful information and two-way interaction are likely to attract customers even if their prices are not low. Place: 7ocation is considered as the most important factor when it comes to real world marketing. The location of a shop in a commercial area or the prestigious address of an office does have an impact on marketing success rate in the real world. 0owever, on the internet the real world business location becomes irrelevant. &rrespective of business location you will be able to reach people around the globe. /eographical limitations are completely eliminated but cultural differences are increased. 9or e*ample, if your business is targeting international audience, you will have to consider including currency converters and options for different languages in your website. Promotion: 6n the internet, promotion of a business is completely dependent on the business owner or company itself. There is no need to rely on advertising or print media to get the message across. The internet puts the promotion of a companys business on its own terms. &nstead of relying on advertising or :ournalists to get its message across, it can communicate directly with its audience. 9or e-marketing, free marketing methods such as search engine submissions and discussion group contributions are more effective than paid advertising. $ord of mouth is one of the most powerful online promotions, referred to as viral marketing. 'ince, internet markets are networked, both positive and negative publicity can spread with great speed. The promotional message must always be in tune with, and must incorporate, the voice of the market (ar#eting implications of internet technologies: &nternet technology was integrated with marketing practices by earlier marketers who understood what internet technology could do. These properties of the internet can be compared to properties of the telephone. The telephone is a mediating technology, has global reach, and has network e*ternality, but the internet has properties that create opportunities beyond other communication media, like telephone, television or radio. The earlier marketers were e*cited by these differences and wanted to capitali2e on them. These internet properties not only allow for a more effective and efficient marketing strategy, but also change the way marketing is being conducted. Q0. Define what is a we!site? Analy7e the structure of a we!site. Ans. The website structure is similar to the human skeleton or nervous system. A website is connected through a network of links into something that provides form and function to the site. &n order to analy2e the web structure, we first have to understand the basic web structure. A website consists of three main areas or three

tiers, which is the home page, the main sections and subsections as shown in figure 6ne of the factors for the success of a websites structure is the ease with which the viewers can navigate the site. A common understanding is that it should take not more than three clicks for visitors to find what they want. 6ome page: The home page creates the first impression to the visitors. &t should convey to the visitor what the site is all about. ;uestions such as $ho, $hat and $hy about the sites purpose should be e*plained by the home page. A sitemap or table of contents that guides visitors to the information they need should be included in the homepage. 3isitors will definitely view the website again, if they can find the information ,uickly and easily. The home page should not contain more than !<< words. The purpose of the home page is to provide an overview of the site, giving the visitor a clear picture of what is available and how to get there. The home page must be short and to the point (ain section: The main sections are the headings of specific bodies of data. These are the gateways to particular areas of the web site. 9or e*ample if a company is selling automobiles the main section might be non-gear bikes, gear bikes, and cars. The subsections will further break down into categories such as models, price, colour and so on. This tier of the website structure forms the backbone of the of the websites navigation system. These are links that take visitors deeper into the website. 6ne click access to the subsections must be provided by these. This main section is basically a collection of links that provide access to the main content in the subsections of the site. Every main section should cover a specific sub:ect or data base which is focused on a single topic. Su! sections: 6nce the main sections of the website are developed and navigation schemes are decided, the data should be grouped into subsections. Every subsection contains significant data relevant to the main sections. The sub section of a website forms the body and central message of the site. A visitor who wants to look further into a site must be directed into the subsections through a navigation scheme that allows one click access to subsections. We! structure analysis: Analy2ing the web structure involves tracing the navigational habits of visitors on a web site to determine methods for improving the structure by re organi2ation, and web site design to better fit the visitors need. This can be accomplished by analy2ing the web server logs. 'tatistics such as time between page accesses, average access time, and hits per page can be generated from the server logs. Companies can use scripts on each web page to monitor the visitors such as which links are clicked, how long the visitors stay active and a form to ask the visitors whether or not their search was successful. This form also asks what they were looking for. This information and the information generated by the web server log helps companies to re organi2e the web structure, increase traffic and improve business.

Q.* /ist the !enefits of online catalogue.

Answer: An online catalogue is a list or itemi2ed display, as of titles, course offerings, or articles for e*hibition or sale, usually including descriptive information or illustrations. &t is a time saving tool that provides valuable information to the prospective customers about your product specifications. &t facilitates the potential customers to locate the products according to their specifications. 7et us analy2e the meaning of catalogue with an e*ample. =ou are planning to buy a car. .sing a computer connected to the internet, you launch an in,uiry with the help of knowledge gathering software assistant that roams the global networks. &t identifies cars in various vendor catalogues that fit certain specified parameters such as safety, price, ,uality, and so on. 6n-line catalogues are usually in the form of brochures and C%-6)s. Currently most on-line catalogues are some form of electronic brochures also known as soft ads or interads. Electronic brochures are a multimedia replacement for direct mail paper and diskette brochures used in the business to business marketing arena. They consist of a highly interactive program using still images, graphics, animation, sound, te*t, and data. Toll-free telephone numbers are fre,uently given for ease of phone-in orders. 'ome industrial catalogues are intended for use by sales representatives and contain a complete listing of all products sold by that company. 'ome industrial catalogues are intended for use by sales representatives and contain a complete listing of all products sold by that company. This type of catalogue does not have strong promotional copy or design as in consumer catalogues. &n case of 6n-line catalogue the customers find the marketer, rather than the marketer finding them. Conse,uently, on-line catalogue customers tend to differ demographically and in purchase behaviour from print catalogue customers. -etailers such as department stores are getting into the catalogue business because it enables them to reach a larger market and to sell without the overhead costs of a store. The benefits of an online catalogue are that it( 9acilitates the buyer to buy at anytime and tracks the product line interest. 1roadens your markets reach locally and globally. 'aves customers time and money with the help of online capability. 7owers marketing overheads like ordering, processing, and status-check costs. &mproves order accuracy i.e. decline in unwanted calls, non-desirable fa*es. 8rovides detailed, accurate, and updated product information, including images, descriptions, and prices. &ncreases brand awareness, product usage, generates print catalog re,uest, collects prospect addresses, demographics, and provides two way communications with customers. &mproves leading categories like travel and entertainment ticketing, entertainment merchandise >books, maga2ines, videos, and music?, grocery and drugstore sales, computer software, and computer hardware.

Q.8 Define (3commerce? Descri!e the areas of potential growth and future of (3'ommerce? Answer: )-commerce does not have any precise definition. )-Commerce and its definition varies from every individual. )-Commerce is called as ne*t generation ecommerce. The process of buying and selling of goods and services through wireless

devices such as cellular telephone and personal digital assistants >8%As? is called as m-commerce. The newly appearing technology behind m-commerce is based on the $ireless Application 8rotocol >$A8?. The traditional e-commerce is replaced by the mcommerce. Anywhere anytime is the important feature of m-commerce that leads us to implement m-commerce in place of e-commerce. Areas of potential growth and future for m3commerce: 4ew Channels of banking services are emerging and are working on m-commerce technologies. These new channels can facilitate deposits, payments, transfers and withdrawals. &f the operational costs of the banking sector in m-commerce is reduced drastically then, efficiency in the transaction processing can be increased. The travel industry is concentrating more on m-commerce. )-Commerce will allow customers to schedule, reschedule, plan trips through their mobile devices instantly before they give a second thought. Traders in the retail sector focus more on how to locate customers more easily and will be able to provide secure payment methods through mobile digital certificates or voice recognition.