SPEED CONTROL OF SINGLE PHASE INDUCTON MOTOR USING A TRIAC

SUBMITTED BY: GROUP NO: 13 CHAITANYA KRISHNA A KARTHIK K SIDDHARTHA S SHANKER M

08241A0205 08241A0216 08241A0245 09245A0213

Single phase induction motor are small motors having a wide field of usefulness where a poly phase supply is not available. They are generally used in fans, blowers, washing machines, refrigerators, etc. The speed of the induction motor can be varied in a narrow range by varying the voltage applied to the stator winding. This method of speed control is suitable for such applications, where the load varies approximately as the square of speed, such as centrifugal pump drives, fan load.

The terminal voltage across the stator winding of the motor can be varied for obtaining the desired speed control by controlling the firing angle of the semiconductor power devices(TRIAC in our project) For any firing angle the average output voltage across a TRIAC is given by V = (2Vcos/) ;
V is the max voltage provided.

In our project the following are works to be done : I. Simulation of schematic circuit in multisim software. II. PCB design in Eagle software. III. After getting the actual PCB soldering of components on PCB. IV. And finally connecting all along with AC motor and performing the experiment of speed control.

S.no. 1. 2. 3.

Name of the component Transformer Potentiometer Resistors

Rating 220/15V-1amp 20k and 10k 10 k, 2k and 1k 100uf 10uf LM555CM 1amp

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 1

Name of IC

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Capacitor 555 timer Rectifier Op-Amp AND gate DC regulated Power supply

MIC DB107 LM741 7408N

5V , 12V

1 2

SCHEMATIC CIRCIUT DIAGRAM

The functioning of the entire triggering circuit can be studied in five parts: 1. TRANSFORMER 2. RECTIFIER 3. COMPARATOR 4. 555 TIMER 5. AND GATE

TRANSFORMER
The transformer in our circuit is a step down transformer This transforms the 220V input to 15V at 1 amp. It acts as an isolation device between the ac mains and the electronic circuit.

RECTIFIER
There are two bridge rectifiers used in the circuit to rectify the 15V ac . The output from one of the rectifier is filtered using the appropriate capacitors and is used as a input to positive terminal of the comparator. The output of the remaining rectifier acts as the reference to the comparator. The rectifiers used in the circuit are MIC DB107

COMPARATOR
The comparator used in the circuit is LM741 The comparator compares the rectified voltage at the positive terminal with the filtered input voltage at the negative terminal which acts as a reference and hence generates a square wave. The magnitude of the square wave is equal to the saturation value, and its magnitude is positive when the input voltage is greater than the reference voltage and vice versa. The resultant output wave forms the input to the AND gate

Reference Signal Pulsating DC

Input to AND gate

555 TIMER
The 555 timer used in the circuit is in the astable mode. The resistors R1 and R2 help in varying the frequency of the output from the comparator , This helps in generating a pulse train used to trigger the gate of the triac used. The biasing voltage used in the circuit is 5V. Frequency of generated pulse (f) = 1/[(R1+2R2)*C*ln(2)] The thus generated pulse train is fed to an AND gate.

AND-GATE
The AND gate used in the circuit is 7408N. The input of the gate is derived from the output of the comparator and of the 555 timer. The AND gate is used to eliminate the negative pulse train.

POTENTIOMETER

TRIGERRING CIRCIUT
4

V2 230 V 50 Hz 0Deg

D9 2N5444

IM

The simulation of the schematic circuit in the multisim software have been done.

THANK YOU