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Nitrile rubber is the most commonly used elastomer for Orings and other sealing devices.
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Nitrile rubber is the most commonly used elastomer for O-rings and other sealing devices. Also known as Buna N, nitrile (see Figure 42) is a co olymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile (A!N). "he name Buna N is derived from butadiene and natrium (the #atin name for sodium, the catalyst used in olymeri$ing butadiene). "he %N& stands for acrylonitrile. "he butadiene segment im arts elasticity and low tem erature fle'ibility. (t also contains the unsaturated double bond that is the site for crosslinking, or vulcani$ation. "his unsaturated double bond is also the main attack site for heat, chemicals, and o'idation. "he acrylonitrile segment im arts hardness, tensile strength, and abrasion resistance, as well as fuel and oil resistance. )eat resistance and gas im ermeability are also im roved through increased A!N content, which ty ically ranges from *+, to -.,. A standard, general- ur ose nitrile com ound usually contains /-, A!N. "he relationshi between the A!N content, volume swell in A0"1 2 / oil, and the brittle oint of the elastomer is illustrated in Table 10. 3eneral- ur ose nitrile com ounds with a /-, A!N content have a recommended tem erature range of --45 to 677.5 8 (--45 to 6*495 !). "he low tem erature fle'ibility can be im roved by reducing the A!N content. Nitrile com ounds with an A!N content of *+, to 74, remain fle'ible at tem eratures down to -:.5 8 (-.-5 !).
;nfortunately, com ounding ingredients and olymers that offer the best low tem erature ro erties are usually adversely affected by high tem eratures. A general- ur ose com ound is cured with sulfur, but as the ambient tem erature in an a lication e'ceeds 677.5 8, free sulfur in the com ound finds other unsaturated double bonds and forms additional crosslinks. "his results in com ression set and hardening of the com ound. "o im rove high tem erature ro erties, a ero'ide cure system and<or mineral fillers must be used. =ero'ide-cured com ounds have both better high tem erature ro erties (u to 679.5 8, 6*/.5 !) and im roved com ression set characteristics, but they are also more difficult to rocess and more e' ensive than sulfur-cured com ounds. Nitrile com ounds out erform most other elastomers due to high tensile strength, as well as e'cellent abrasion, tear, and com ression set resistance. Nitriles also have very good aging ro erties under severe conditions. Because of the double bonds resent in the olybutadiene arts of the chemical backbone, nitrile com ounds have oor resistance to o$one, sunlight, and weathering. "hey should not be stored near o$one-generating electric motors or e>ui ment.
.arboDylated nitrile rubber com,ounds 7'N$%; rovide even better strength ro erties, es ecially abrasion resistance. !arbo'ylated nitriles are roduced by the inclusion of carbo'ylic acid grou s on the olymer during olymeri$ation. "hese carbo'ylic acid grou s rovide e'tra % seudo& crosslinks, roducing harder, tougher com ounds with higher abrasion resistance, modulus, and tensile strength than standard nitriles. !arbo'ylated nitriles are, however, less fle'ible at low tem eratures and less resilient than noncarbo'ylated com ounds. Also, the % seudo& crosslinks (being ionic in nature) are thermally sensitive. As tem eratures increase, the ionic bonds lose strength. Other nitrile variations are ossible, including internally lubricated com ounds with im roved friction and wear ro erties, as well as 8ood and
Brug Administration (8BA) and National 0anitation 8oundation (N08) formulations for food and potable water applications.