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Course 5, Assignment 1

Belle Vie's Business Decision


Learning Goals By the end of this assignment, you will be able to: communicate how frequently something occurs using always, several times a year, once a month and other phrases understand basic descriptions of business situations and challenges write an opinion about a business strategy

Vocabulary
Verbs diversify expand generate look into rely on Expressions across the board make a move Adjectives equivalent

VERBS
diversify (verb) = diversify

[used with or without an object] to create a greater variety of something The toy company diversified its product line to include toys for all age groups.
diversification (noun) expand (verb) = expand

[used with or without an object] to make something greater in size, number, or range The computer company expanded its computer line from two to ten styles.
expansion (noun) generate (verb) = generate

[used with an object] to make something new, or to create something that didn't exist before My assistant can generate five reports per week.
generation (noun) look into (phrasal verb) = look into

[inseparable; used with an object] to learn more about a situation or thing I want to fly to Spain, so I'm looking into the cost of plane tickets.
rely on (phrasal verb) = rely on

[inseparable; used with an object] to trust someone or something to do what is necessary or expected Mrs. Jennings relies on her assistant for a lot of help. EXPRESSIONS
across the board (expression) = across the board

affecting everyone in a company or everything in a certain situation Every department has been working hard, so productivity has improved across the board.
across-the-board (adjective) make a move (expression) = make a move

to take action to get a certain result We can't make a move until the boss says yes. ADJECTIVES

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equivalent (adjective) = equivalent

having the same number, purpose, or value as someone or something else Our profits this quarter are equivalent to those from last quarter.

Grammar
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE Positive Statements I You S + V (base form) We They I play the piano. He She S + V (base form) + s It She plays the drums. Questions When + does/do + How often + does/do + Adverbs of Frequency always 100% usually sometimes 50% hardly ever never 0% Word Order Most verbs: S + adverb + V John usually reads the newspaper. To be: S + be + adverb Al is often late for work. Expressions of Frequency I fly to Asia ... several times a year once a month every month three times a month twice a year S + V (base form) S + V (base form)

Explanations The simple present tense is used to talk about usual events, activities, or habits. Frequency adverbs used with the present tense tell how often something happens. Frequency adverbs come after the verb "to be." With all other verbs, the frequency adverb comes before the verb. Expressions of frequency are also used with the simple present to tell how often something happens. These expressions provide more specific information than frequency adverbs do. Note the form used to ask about the frequency of an event. The present progressive is used to talk about an action or event happening right now or nowadays. Note the time expressions that are typically used with this tense.

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Course 5, Assignment 2

Planning the First Steps


Learning Goals By the end of this assignment, you will be able to: communicate what is necessary using have to, need to, and must understand descriptions of a company's business challenges write a suggestion about how to approach a business problem

Vocabulary
Nouns discretion Verbs be under pressure distribute find a solution interfere put (someone) on (something) step down turn around Adjectives confidential

NOUNS
discretion (noun) = discretion

[uncountable] a way of keeping a secret or dealing with a situation so as not to offend or upset anyone Use discretion when talking to our competitors. They may be trying to learn about our development projects.
discreet (adjective)

VERBS
be under pressure (verb phrase) = be under pressure

to have work or life conditions that cause worry, stress, or difficulty Jaime is under pressure from his boss to do better work.
distribute (verb) = distribute

[used with an object] to send goods or products to stores and companies in a certain area Now we distribute the product only in North America, but soon we'll be selling in South America too.
distribution (noun) find a solution (verb phrase) = find a solution

to discover an answer to, or to solve, a problem I still haven't found a solution to our financial problem.
interfere (verb) = interfere

[not used with an object] to become involved in something that you were not part of to try to change the outcome, usually bothering people Please don't interfere in this matter. It is only for her and me to discuss.
interference (noun) put (someone) on (something) (verb phrase) = put (someone) on (something)

to give someone a specific task The police put someone on the case to find the thief.
step down (phrasal verb) = step down

[inseparable; not used with an object] to quit, or to leave a job or position of importance The CEO was asked to step down after he reported that quarterly earnings were lower than expected.
turn around (phrasal verb) = turn around

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[separable; used with an object] to manage an unsuccessful thing so well that it becomes successful The new marketing plan turned the company around and increased profits. ADJECTIVES
confidential (adjective) = confidential

meant to be a secret This information is confidential so you cannot tell anyone.


confidence (noun)

Grammar
MODALS OF NECESSITY Positive Statements S + has/have got to + V (base form) has/have to needs/need to must Questions Does/Do + S + need to + V (base form) have to Negative Statements Present: S + hasn't/haven't got to + V (base form) doesn't/don't have to doesn't/don't need to mustn't = not allowed Past: S + didn't have to + V (base form) didn't need to

Explanations The modal "must" and the phrases "have to," "need to," and "have got to" all express that something is necessary or required. Note the two ways of asking and talking about something necessary in the past. The negative forms of "need to," "have to," and "have got to" express that something is not necessary or required. Note the forms with the present and the past. The negative form of "must" (must not / mustn't) expresses that something is not allowed.

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Course 5, Assignment 3

At a Cocktail Party
Learning Goals By the end of this assignment, you will be able to: greet people and introduce yourself introduce people to each other understand job titles write about a business social event that you attended

Vocabulary
Nouns authority interest shareholder Verbs be accountable for (something) coordinate preside over

NOUNS
authority (noun) = authority

[uncountable] the power that comes with a certain position The government has the authority to pass laws.
authorize (verb) interest (noun) = interest

[countable] a concern for your own well-being or advantage My accountant helps me protect my interests.
shareholder (noun) = shareholder

[countable] a person who owns part of a company The shareholders all lost money when the stock price went down. VERBS
be accountable for (something) (verb phrase) = be accountable for (something)

to be responsible for the outcomes and effects of something As a manager, she's accountable for the performance of her employees.
coordinate (verb) = coordinate

[used with an object] to organize people in an activity so that it runs smoothly I'd like you to coordinate the sales project and work with the sales team.
coordination (noun) preside over (phrasal verb) = preside over

[inseparable; used with an object] to lead a company, meeting, or event Julian presided over the meeting with the client.

Grammar
SIMPLE PAST TENSE Positive Statements S + V (base form) + -ed Bill worked late last night. S + irregular V

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Beth bought a new car. Negative Statements S + didn't + V Philip didn't attend the meeting. Yes/No Questions Did + S + V (base form)? Did you like the presentation? Yes/No Questions with be Was/ were + S ? Were you at the conference last year? Short Answers Yes, + subject pronoun + did, was/were Yes, I was. No, + subject pronoun + didn't, wasn't/weren't No, he didn't. Questions with Question Words what, + did + S + V (base form) ? where who when why how What did you say to the consultants?

Explanations Many verbs form the simple past by adding "-ed" to the base form of the verb. Other verbs have irregular past forms. Time expressions used with the simple past come at either the beginning or the end of a sentence. For negative statements in the past, use "did not" or "didn't" + the base form of the verb. Note how past tense yes/no questions with the verb "to be" are asked and answered. Note how past tense yes/no questions with all other verbs are asked and answered. Usually, "Wh-" questions in the past require the use of "did." However, when the question word is the subject of the question, "did" is not used.

Expressions
INTRODUCTIONS AND GREETINGS Meeting Someone for the First Time Hello, I'm (Jane), and you are ...? Hello, my name is (Jane). And you are ...? Hi. I'm (Tom). It's nice to meet you, (Jane). It's a pleasure to meet you. Greeting Someone You Already Know (Jane), it's nice to see you (again). (It's) good to see you too. Introducing Someone I'd like you to meet (Terry). I'd like to introduce (Terry). Saying Goodbye To someone new: It was a pleasure meeting you, (Terry). Nice to meet you too. To someone you know: It was good seeing you again, (Jane). (It was) nice talking to you, (Jane).

Explanations In English, there are several common expressions used to introduce yourself or greet someone you already know. Note the common ways of greeting someone for the FIRST time: "It's nice to meet you." "Nice to meet you."

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"It's a pleasure to meet you." "A pleasure to meet you." "A pleasure." Note the common ways of greeting someone you have already met or know well: "It's nice/good to see you again." "Nice/Good to see you again." "Nice/Good to see you." Note the common ways of introducing someone else to another person: "I'd like you to meet..." "I'd like to introduce..." In English, there are also common expressions used to say goodbye to someone you have just met or someone you already know. Note the common ways of saying goodbye to someone you have just met: "It was a pleasure meeting (to meet) you." "A pleasure meeting (to meet) you." "It was nice meeting (to meet) you." "Nice meeting (to meet) you." "It was nice talking (to talk) to you." "Nice talking (to talk) to you." Note the common ways of saying goodbye to someone you know: "It was good seeing (to see) you (again)." "Good seeing (to see) you (again)." "It was nice seeing (to see) you (again)." "Nice seeing (to see) you (again)." "It was nice talking (to talk) to you (again)." "Nice talking (to talk) to you (again)."

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Course 5, Assignment 4

Making Small Talk


Learning Goals By the end of this assignment, you will be able to: start a conversation make small talk in a business social situation talk about international business travel write a description of your job

Vocabulary
Nouns jet lag Verbs adjust be sensitive to (something) book prevent recover from (something) upgrade

NOUNS
jet lag (noun) = jet lag

[uncountable] the feeling of being tired after traveling between time zones I got jet lag when I flew home from Paris, and I had to sleep for two days. VERBS
adjust (verb) = adjust

[not used with an object] to get used to something by making small changes It took Jaime many months to adjust to his new life in the U.S.
adjustment (noun) be sensitive to (something) (verb phrase) = be sensitive to (something)

to have a bad reaction to something Susan is very sensitive to flowers and trees. She sneezes when she goes outside in springtime.
book (verb) = book

[used with an object] to make arrangements with a hotel, restaurant, or airline to hold a room, table, or seat A travel agent can book hotel rooms and plane reservations for you.
booked (adjective) prevent (verb) = prevent

[used with an object] to stop something before it happens Seat belts in cars prevent many people from getting hurt in car crashes.
prevention (noun) recover from (something) (verb phrase) = recover from (something)

to get better after being sick, hurt, or shocked Erin finally recovered from her cold after being sick for two weeks.
upgrade (verb) = upgrade

[used with an object] to get a more expensive seat on a plane than the one you paid for The airline sold too many seats on the plane, so they upgraded my ticket to first class.
upgrade (noun)

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Grammar
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE vs. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE Past Progressive Positive Statements Negative Statements S + was/were + V-ing Simple Past Regular: S + V (base form) + -ed Irregular: S + irregular V S + did not + V (base form)

S + was/were + not + V-ing

Use The Past Progressive Tense: to show an action was in progress at a specific time in the past. I was working last night. with the simple past tense to show that one action was in progress when another happened. I was working when Alan called. to show that two actions were happening at the same time in the past. While I was working, Jake was sleeping. Jake was sleeping while I was working.

Explanations The simple past is used to talk about an activity that began and ended in the past. The past progressive is used to talk about an activity that was happening or in progress in the past. The past progressive can be used in three ways. One way is to show that an action was in progress at a specific time in the past. A second way the past progressive is used is to show that one action was in progress when another action happened (and possibly interrupted the first action). A third way the past progressive is used is to show that two actions were both happening at the same time in the past. With some verbs--"live," "work," "study,"--the simple past and the past progressive can be used in the same way.

Expressions
SMALL TALK Someone You May Know Excuse me, have we met before? Yes, I think we have. I'm Jerry. No, I don't think so. I'm Jerry. Talking About Work What do you do? (means What job?) I'm a manager. Who do you work for? (means What company?) I work for Global Solutions. Where do you work? (means location or name of company) I work in Mexico City. I work for Global Solutions. Talking About Travel How was your flight? Fine thanks. When did you arrive? (means either time or day) I arrived at 9:00. On Wednesday. Is this your first time in Los Angeles? Yes. It is. No, I've been here before. How long are you staying in Los Angeles? I'll be here for three days. Where are you staying? I'm staying at the March Inn. Where are you from? I'm from Mexico.

Explanations "Small Talk"

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Starting a Conversation Job and Company Travel As you learned in Assignment Three, there are several common expressions used to introduce yourself and start a conversation with someone you're meeting for the first time. Here's a way of starting a conversation with someone you think you might know but are not sure that you know. The expression "Excuse me. Have we met before?" means "You look familiar to me, but I'm not sure if we have met each other before." Use these expressions to find out about a person's job or industry. The expression "What do you do?" means "What is your job?" The expression "Who do you work for?" means "What is the name of your company?" The expression "Where do you work?" can mean either "Where is your company located?" or "Who do you work for?" When you meet international visitors for the first time, you can use these common expressions to ask about their trip. You can use these additional expressions with international visitors to find out more about their visit.

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Course 5, Assignment 5

International Finance
Learning Goals By the end of this assignment, you will be able to: have basic conversations about bank loans express the probability of something happening using may, might, perhaps, probably and other phrases write about possibilities for your life

Vocabulary
Nouns bottom line earnings report impact interest rate repayment schedule terms Verbs finance rebound Expressions at the top

NOUNS
bottom line (noun phrase) = bottom line

[countable] the final amount of money that a business makes or loses The stock price went down, but the company's bottom line showed a slight profit.
earnings report (noun phrase) = earnings report

[countable] a document that shows how much money a company made in a certain period of time Earnings reports usually come out at the end of every quarter to show if a company is making or losing money.
impact (noun) = impact

[countable] the effect that something has on someone or something else We'll have to delay production by a few days because the holiday will have a big impact on our production schedule.
interest rate (noun) = interest rate

[countable] the percentage of money that a borrower pays to borrow money Many credit card interest rates are affected by the national interest rate that the government sets.
repayment schedule (noun) = repayment schedule

[countable] the schedule for paying back money that was borrowed Nick's repayment schedule for his home loan requires him to pay $3,000 per month.
terms (noun) = terms

[always plural] the items to be agreed on in a contract The terms of her employment contract state that she gets twelve days vacation every year. VERBS
finance (verb) = finance

[used with an object] to give or lend money to pay for something Jim's parents financed his entire college education.
rebound (verb) = rebound

[not used with an object]

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to go back to an earlier price, size, amount, or position The national economy was slow in the early 90s but rebounded and grew in the late 90s. EXPRESSIONS
at the top (expression) = at the top

used to say that someone is in a high position in an organization or company He started in the mailroom, but in twenty years he was at the top of the company.

Grammar
MODALS OF POSSIBILITY Present S + may + V (base form) might could (Speaker is 30-70% sure) S + should + V (base form) (Speaker is 75-85% sure) S + must + V (base form) (Speaker is 95% sure) Questions Am/Is/Are + S + able to + V Are you able to come to the meeting? S + may + be might could should must I might be. Future S + may + V (base form) might

Positive Statements

(Speaker is 30-70% sure) S + should + V (base form) (Speaker is 75-85% sure)

Short Answers

Explanations The modals "must," "should," "may," "might," and "could" are used to talk about how certain or possible something is. "Must" shows that something is about 95% certain. "Should" shows that something is about 75-85% certain. "Might," "may," and "could" show that something is about 30-70% certain. The first speaker is almost 95% sure that Mr. Chalmers is in a meeting. The second speaker is 75-85% sure that Mr. Chalmers is in a meeting, but not as sure as the first speaker. The third speaker is 30-70% sure that Mr. Chalmers is in a meeting. The modals "should," "may," "might," and "could" are also used to talk about possibility in the future. Note that "must" is NOT used to express future possibility. Note the short answer forms. In questions with "be" as the main verb, "be" is included in the short answer. Note the short answer forms possible in the future. A question such as "Will we finish by 8:00?" could be answered in the following ways: "We might," "We may," or "We should." Usually, when replying to a question about ability to do something, the short answer includes the phrase "be able to." Note that "I could be able to" would not be a possible answer.

Expressions
EXPRESSIONS OF POSSIBILITY Perhaps. I think so. It's possible. There's a chance. 30% - 70%

Probably. It's very likely. 75% - 85%

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More Certain S + probably + V. S + be + probably It's very likely (that S + V). John probably called the customer. Mel was probably at the meeting. Less Certain Perhaps + S + V It's possible ([that] S + V). There's a chance ([that] S + V). Perhaps John called the customer. It's possible that Mel was at the meeting.

Explanations In English, there are common expressions that can be used to express possibility. One of the ways of expressing that something is likely to happen is by using "probably." Note that "probably" is an adverb and can stand alone as an answer. In a sentence, it usually comes before a verb. With the verb "to be" it can come before or after: "James probably left early today." "Tom is probably in his office." Another way of expressing that something is likely to happen is by using "It's very likely (that)..." Note that "It's very likely" can stand alone or be followed by a subject and verb: "It's very likely (that) + S + V" To express that you are only somewhat sure of something, use the expressions "I think so," "Perhaps," "It's possible", and "There's a chance." All of these expressions suggest that a person believes something is possible, but isn't quite sure. The expression "I think so" typically stands alone: "Will Bernard Valence be able to turn Belle Vie around?" "I think so." This sentence means: "I think he will be able to, but I'm not sure." The expression "perhaps" can also stand alone or be followed by a subject and verb: Perhaps (+ S + V) The expressions "It's possible" and "There's a chance" can also stand alone or be followed by a subject and verb: It's possible (that + S + V) There's a chance (that + S + V)

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