18 Powerful Spices Proven To Prevent and Treat Cancer 1.

ALLSPICE The term allspice was coined in the 1600s b the En!lish" who tho#!ht the herb combined the $la%ors o$ cinnamon" n#tme!" and clo%es. Allspice is also re$erred to as &amaica pepper" '#r#nd#" m rtle pepper" pimenta" and newspice. (ro#nd allspice is not a mi)t#re o$ spices as some still belie%e" b#t arises $rom the dried #nripe berries o$ the tree Pimenta dioica. This tree is nati%e to the (reater Antilles" so#thern *e)ico" and Central America. Toda " P. dioica is c#lti%ated in man warm areas thro#!ho#t the world. Allspice is also a%ailable commerciall as an essential oil. Allspice possesses antimicrobial" antio)idant" anti+in$lammator " anal!esic" antip retic" anticancer" and antit#mori!enic properties ,-ompelber! et al. 1..6/ Al+-ehail et al. 0000/ 1l#th et al. 00023. It contains a m#ltit#de o$ potential bioacti%e a!ents that ma contrib#te to health promotion" incl#din! $la%onoids" phenolic acids" catechins" and se%eral phen lpropanoids. The anticancer properties o$ allspice ma be in part d#e to its abilit to in$l#ence c tochrome P450 ,C6P3 acti%it and thereb in$l#ence carcino!en bioacti%ation. 1l#th et al. ,00023 c#lt#red h#man li%er carcinoma cells and h#man colon adenocarcinoma cells and st#died the abilit o$ the spice e)tract to acti%ate mechanisms related to deto)i$ication en7 mes. 2. BASIL 8asil ,Ocimum basilicum3 is a c#linar herb prominentl $eat#red in Italian and So#theast Asian c#isines. 9hile man %arieties o$ basil e)ist" sweet basil is one o$ the most predominant and most $re:#entl e)amined herbs $or its health bene$its. 8asil is ori!inall nati%e to Iran" India" and other tropical re!ions o$ Asia" b#t now it is widel a%ailable thro#!ho#t the world. 8asil;s antio)idant" antim#ta!enic" antit#mori!enic" anti%iral" and antibacterial properties li'el arise $rom a %ariet o$ components incl#din! linalool" 1"<+cineole" estra!ole" and e#!enol ,*#ller et al. 1..4/ Chian! et al. 0005/ *a'ri and 1int7ios 00023. There is e%idence that basil can decrease ind#ced carcino!enesis. Pro%idin! Swiss mice with a diet containin! 150 or =00 m!>'! bod wei!ht o$ basil e)tract decreased ?*8A+ind#ced s'in t#mors ,10.5@ red#ction and 1<.25@ red#ction $or lower and hi!her doses" respecti%el 3" and lowered the t#mor b#rden per mo#se. Compared to the a%era!e n#mber o$ t#mors per mo#se in the controls" the t#mor b#rden was appro)imatel 0.4 times lower in the low+dose basil !ro#p and 4.6 times lower in the hi!h+dose basil !ro#p ,?as!#pta" -ao" and 6ada%a 00043. The anticancer properties o$ basil ma also relate to its abilit to in$l#ence %iral in$ections. Indi%id#als with hepatitis 8 are reco!ni7ed to be at increased ris' $or hepatocell#lar carcinoma ,A#n!" Lai" and 6#en 000./ Ishi'awa 00103. Chian! et al. ,00053 e%al#ated the anti%iral acti%ities o$ basil e)tract and selected basil constit#ents in a h#man s'in basal cell carcinoma cell line a!ainst se%eral %ir#ses" incl#din! hepatitis 8. 3. CARA A! Carawa ,Carum carvi3" also 'nown as meridian $ennel or Persian c#min" is nati%e to western Asia" E#rope" and northern A$rica. -ecentl " 1apoor et al. ,00103 showed that carawa essential oil and oleoresins were pro!ressi%el e$$ecti%el with dose as antio)idants and more e$$ecti%e than commercial b#t lated h dro) anisole and b#t lated h dro) tol#ene. Schwaireb ,1..=3 e)amined dietar carawa oil $or its e$$ects on s'in t#mors ind#ced b ?*8A and croton oil in $emale mice. The n#mber o$ carcinomas in those animals pro%ided with carawa oil were si!ni$icantl less than in the controls. Carawa ma also in$l#ence carcino!en acti%ation b its abilit to modi$ carcino!en bioacti%ation.

B%erall" chan!es in both phase I and II en7 mes are consistent with the abilit o$ carawa and its acti%e constit#ent to lower chemicall ind#ced cancers. ". CAR#A$%$ Cardamom re$ers to herbs within the Elettaria ,!reen3 and Amomum ,blac'3 !enera o$ the !in!er $amil . Cardamom is a common in!redient #sed in Indian coo'in! and in %ario#s parts o$ E#rope. As with man spices" cardamom has been demonstrated to ha%e antio)idant properties. 1i'#7a'i" 1awai" and Ca'atani ,00013 e)amined e)tracts $rom blac' cardamom ,Amomum subulatum3 $or their abilit to sca%en!e radicals. The abilit o$ cardamom to inhibit chemical carcino!enesis was shown b 8anerDee et al. ,1..43" whose obser%ations s#!!est that inta'e o$ cardamom oil a$$ects the en7 mes associated with )enobiotic metabolism and ma there$ore ha%e bene$its as a deterrent to cancer. Cardamom has also been demonstrated to decrease a7o) methane+ind#ced colon carcino!enesis b %irt#e o$ its anti+in$lammator " antiproli$erati%e" and proapoptotic acti%ities. 5. CA!&''& P&PP&R The ca enne pepperEalso 'nown as the (#inea spice" cow+horn pepper" ale%a" bird pepper" or" especiall in its powdered $orm" red pepperEis a hot chili pepper #sed to $la%o#r dishes. It is red colored when ripened to mat#rit " b#t also eaten while still !reen. It is a c#lti%ar o$ Capsicum annuum related to bell peppers" Dalapenos" papri'a and others. 8esides p#blished e%idence s#!!estin! that ca enne pepper ma aid wei!ht loss" c#rb appetite" and lower blood press#re" the component that !i%es Dalapeno peppers their heat ma also 'ill cancer cells. Initial e)periments in cancer cells and mice show that capsaicin ca#ses prostate cancer cells to #nder!o a 'ind o$ s#icide. -esearchers spec#late that" in the $#t#re" pills containin! capsaicin mi!ht be #sed as therap to pre%ent prostate cancer;s ret#rn. Capsaicin ca#sed almost <0 percent o$ prostate cancer cells in the mice to die. In addition" prostate cancer t#mors treated with capsaicin were abo#t one+$i$th the si7e o$ t#mors in #ntreated mice. Capsaicin inhibits the !rowth o$ h#man prostate cancer cell in Petri dishes and mice" said lead researcher ?r. F. Phillip 1oe$$ler" director o$ hematolo! and oncolo! at Cedars+Sinai *edical Center and a pro$essor o$ medicine at the Gni%ersit o$ Cali$ornia" Los An!eles. The report appears in the *arch 15 0006 iss#e o$ Cancer Research. (. CI''A$%' Cinnamon is a spice obtained $rom the bar' o$ an e%er!reen tree belon!in! to the La#raceae $amil . *aDor constit#ents in cinnamon incl#de cinnamaldeh de" e#!enol" terpinene" HI+pinene" car%acrol" linalool" sa$role" ben7 l ben7oate" and co#marin. It ta'es not more than a hal$ teaspoon o$ cinnamon powder e%er da to 'eep cancer ris' awa . A nat#ral $ood preser%ati%e" cinnamon is a so#rce o$ iron and calci#m. Gse$#l in red#cin! t#mo#r !rowth" it bloc's the $ormation o$ new %essels in the h#man bod . The abilit o$ cinnamon e)tracts to s#ppress the in %itro !rowth o$ H. pylori" a reco!ni7ed ris' $actor $or !astric cancer" !astric m#cosa+associated l mphoid tiss#e l mphoma" and pancreatic cancer" has stirred considerable interest in the potential #se o$ this spice to s#ppress h#man cancers ,Aarinha and (asco ne 0005/ Eslic' 00063. Pro%idin! rats with cinnamon bar' powder si!ni$icantl increased se%eral antio)idant+related en7 mes in both li%er and heart tiss#e" compared to controls ,?h#le 1...3. These en7 mes help maintain cell#lar inte!rit and protection a!ainst o)idati%e dama!e $rom $ree radicals.

). CL%*& Clo%e is deri%ed $rom $lower b#ds o$ the Eugenia caryophyllata tree. Se%eral bioacti%e components are $o#nd in clo%e" incl#din! tannins" terpenoids" e#!enol" and acet le#!enol. Clo%es are nati%e to Indonesia and are #sed in c#isines thro#!ho#t the world. 9hile no st#dies ha%e been cond#cted in h#mans to date to e%al#ate #se o$ clo%es in cancer pre%ention" a $ew st#dies cond#cted in mice s#!!est its e$$ecti%eness" especiall in modi$ in! cell#lar deto)i$ication processes. Similar to allspice" clo%e contains hi!h amo#nts o$ e#!enol. Fowe%er" this compo#nd cannot ser%e to increase !astrointestinal promoter acti%it " s#!!estin! other compo#nds in clo%e ma acco#nt $or its biolo!ical acti%it ,1l#th et al. 00023. B%erall" the $indin!s to date s#!!est that tiss#es adapt to e)pos#res to one or more constit#ents in clo%es. In doin! so" clo%e ma impro%e the abilit o$ selected tiss#es to handle $orei!n compo#nds that mi!ht lead to the initiation o$ carcino!enesis. 8ased on $indin!s to date" additional clinical st#dies are warranted to determine the abilit o$ clo%e to in$l#ence dr#! deto)i$ication pathwa s. 8. C%RIA'#&R Coriander ,Coriandrum sativum3 is an herb in the $amil Apiaceae and is nati%e to so#thern E#rope and northern A$rica to so#thwestern Asia. Altho#!h all parts o$ the plant are edible" its $resh lea%es and dried seeds are most $re:#entl #sed in coo'in!. Coriander is a common in!redient in man $oods thro#!ho#t the world. Bne o$ its principal constit#ents is linalool. Se%eral animal st#dies pro%ide e%idence that coriander seeds can promote the hepatic antio)idant s stem. Coriander can also in$l#ence $orei!n compo#nd metabolism. Aeedin! Swiss mice with 160+ m! coriander seeds per !ram diet res#lted in (glutathione S-trans erase!(ST ind#ction ran!in! $rom 00@ to =2@" dependin! on the tiss#e e)amined. In another st#d " 8anerDee et al. ,1..43 obser%ed ro#!hl a do#blin! in (ST acti%it in Swiss albino mice that were pro%ided with diets containin! coriander oil. +. C,$I' C#min ,Cuminum cyminum3 is a $lowerin! plant in the $amil Apiaceae and is nati%e to the eastern *editerranean re!ion and India. Th mo:#inone ,TJ3 is the most ab#ndant component o$ blac' c#min seed oil. TJ has been reported to e)hibit antio)idant" antimicrobial" anti+in$lammator " and chemopre%enti%e properties ,Allah!hadri et al. 0010/ Cader" el+A!am " and S#dde' 00103. Th mo:#inone that chec's proli$eration o$ cells responsible $or prostate cancer. Considerable e%idence also points to the abilit o$ TJ to s#ppress t#mor cell proli$eration" incl#din! colorectal carcinoma" breast adenocarcinoma" osteosarcoma" o%arian carcinoma" m eloblastic le#'emia" and pancreatic carcinoma ,(ali+*#htasib" -oessner" and Schneider+Stoc' 00063. The m#ltit#de o$ e$$ects ca#sed b c#min ser%es as D#sti$ication $or its contin#ed e)amination as a spice with widespread potential $or health promotion. 1-. #ILL ?ill ,Anethum graveolens3 is a relati%el short+li%ed perennial spice. ?ill is an herb that in e$$ect has two components that are dependent on the seasons. In the earl sprin!" dill is #sed $or its lea%es and in the a#t#mn $or its seeds. As with other spices" there is e%idence that dill promotes dr#! deto)i$ication mechanisms. 8eca#se dill helps maintain cell#lar o)idation+red#ction balance and protects cells a!ainst $ree+radical species" the combination o$ increased antio)idant le%els ma be partic#larl help$#l in deto)i$ in! $orei!n compo#nds" incl#din! carcino!ens ,Khen!" 1enne " and Lam 1..03.

11. .&''&L Aennel ,"oeniculum vulgare3 is a plant species in the !en#s "oeniculum ,treated as the sole species in the !en#s b most botanists3. It is a member o$ the $amil Apiaceae ,$ormerl the Gmbelli$erae3. It is a hard " perennial" #mbelli$ero#s herb" with ellow $lowers and $eather lea%es. It is indi!eno#s to the shores o$ the *editerranean b#t has become widel nat#rali7ed in man parts o$ the world" especiall on dr soils near the sea+coast and on ri%erban's. Aennel contains anethole" which can e)plain some o$ its medical e$$ectsL It" or its pol mers" act as ph toestro!ens. Armed with ph to+n#trients and antio)idants" cancer cells ha%e nothin! b#t to accept de$eat when the spice is $ennel. Anethole resists and restricts the adhesi%e and in%asi%e acti%ities o$ cancer cells. It s#ppresses the en7 matic re!#lated acti%ities behind cancer cell m#ltiplication. 12. /ARLIC (arlic ,Allium sativum3 is a member o$ the onion $amil Alliaceae. (arlic has been #sed thro#!ho#t histor $or both its c#linar and medicinal properties. (arlic;s distincti%e characteristics arise $rom s#l$#r" which constit#tes almost 1@ o$ its dr wei!ht. Altho#!h !arlic does not t picall ser%e as a maDor so#rce o$ essential n#trients" it ma contrib#te to se%eral dietar $actors with potential health bene$its" incl#din! the presence o$ oli!osaccharides" ar!inine+rich proteins and" dependin! on soil and !rowin! conditions" seleni#m and $la%onoids. Preclinical models pro%ide rather compellin! e%idence that !arlic and its associated components can lower the incidence o$ breast" colon" s'in" #terine" esopha!#s" and l#n! cancers. #ppression o$ nitrosamine $ormation contin#es to s#r$ace as one o$ the most li'el mechanisms b which !arlic retards cancer. The abilit o$ !arlic to inhibit t#mors d#e to di$$erent cancer+ind#cin! a!ents and in di$$erent tiss#es indicates that a !enerali7ed cell#lar e%ent is li'el responsible $or the chan!e in t#mor incidence and that the response is hi!hl dependent on en%ironmental or other t pes o$ biolo!ical ins#lts. 8eca#se metabolic acti%ation is re:#ired $or man o$ these carcino!ens" there is li'elihood that either phase I or II en7 mes are altered. A brea'down o$ allicin appears to be necessar $or achie%in! ma)im#m t#mor inhibition. All l s#l$#r compo#nds pre$erentiall s#ppress neoplastic o%er non+neoplastic cells ,Sa'amoto" Lawson" and *ilner 1..23. It is becomin! increasin!l clear that the response to all l s#l$#rs relates to their abilit to $orm $ree radicals rather than to ser%e as an antio)idant ,Antosiewic7 et al. 000<3. All l s#l$#rs ma brin! abo#t chan!es b in$l#encin! the !enomic e)pression b a$$ectin! histone homeostasis. 13. /I'/&R (in!er ,#ingiber o icinale3 is a member o$ the Kin!iberaceae $amil and is cons#med widel not onl as a spice b#t also as a medicinal a!ent. Mario#s animal models ha%e been #sed to e)amine the role o$ !in!er in cancer pre%ention. Aor e)ample" Ihlaseh et al. ,00063 e)posed male 9istar rats to t#mors resemblin! h#man low+!rade papillar #rothelial neoplasia. -ats $ed with a basal diet s#pplemented with 1@ !in!er e)tract $or 06 wee's had si!ni$icantl $ewer #rothelial lesions compared to the controls or those $ed with the diet with 0.5@ !in!er. (in!er also appears to ha%e antit#mori!enic properties. Se%eral cell lines ha%e been e)amined $or their sensiti%it to !in!er. Aor e)ample" alcoholic e)tracts o$ !in!er inhibited t#mor cell !rowth $or ?alton;s l mphoc tic ascites t#mor cells and h#man l mphoc tes. B%erall" while the anticancer $indin!s o$ !in!er are intri!#in! and se%eral processes ma be associated with the obser%ed responses" additional st#dies are needed to clari$ the #nderl in!

mechanisms and to determine o%erall bene$its to h#mans ,Pan et al. 000<3. 1". %R&/A'% Bre!ano scienti$icall named Origanum vulgare b Carol#s Linnae#s" is a common species o$ Origanum" a !en#s o$ the mint $amil ,Lamiaceae3. It is nati%e to warm+temperate western and so#thwestern E#rasia and the *editerranean re!ion. Bre!ano is hi!h in antio)idant acti%it " d#e to a hi!h content o$ phenolic acids and $la%onoids. In test+t#be st#dies" it also has shown antimicrobial acti%it a!ainst strains o$ the $ood+borne patho!en $isteria monocytogenes. Bre!ano con$irms its worth as a potential a!ent a!ainst prostate cancer. Consistin! o$ anti+microbial compo#nds" D#st one teaspoon o$ ore!ano has the power o$ two c#ps o$ red !rapesN Ph to+chemical OJ#ercetin; present in ore!ano restricts !rowth o$ mali!nant cells in the bod and acts li'e a dr#! a!ainst cancer+centric diseases. 10. R%S&$AR! -osemar ,Rosmarinus o icinalis3 is a wood herb with $ra!rant needle+li'e lea%es. -osemar is nati%e to the *editerranean re!ion and possesses a bitter" astrin!ent taste and hi!hl aromatic characteristics that complement a wide %ariet o$ $oods. -osemar is a member o$ the $amil Lamiaceae" and it contains a n#mber o$ potentiall biolo!icall acti%e compo#nds" incl#din! antio)idants s#ch as carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid. Bther bioacti%e compo#nds incl#de camphor ,#p to 00@ in dr rosemar lea%es3" ca$$eic acid" #rsolic acid" bet#linic acid" rosmaridiphenol" and rosmanol. ?#e to its hi!h antio)idant acti%it " cr#de and re$ined e)tracts o$ rosemar are now widel a%ailable commerciall .9hile the data are di$$ic#lt to interpret" when rosemar is added alon! with other herbs to a balsamic %ine!ar preparation #sed in so#ps and salads" it appears to pro%ide protection a!ain o)idati%e stress in h#mans ,?ra!an et al. 00023. Considerable e%idence also s#!!ests that rosemar e)tracts" or its isolated components" can retard chemicall ind#ced cancers. Aor e)ample" topical application o$ a rosemar e)tract has been reported to bloc' the initiation and promotion phases o$ s'in t#mori!enesis ,F#an! et al. 1..43. -osemar e)tracts and the acti%e compo#nds carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid ha%e been $o#nd to inhibit the proli$eration o$ %ario#s h#man cancer cell lines" incl#din! h#man" small cell l#n! carcinoma" h#man prostate carcinoma" h#man li%er carcinoma3" h#man chronic m eloid le#'emia" h#man breast adenocarcinoma" h#man prostate adenocarcinoma" and h#man breast adenocarcinoma/ ,6esil+Celi'tas et al. 00103. 1(. SA..R%' Sa$$ron is a spice deri%ed $rom the $lower o$ the sa$$ron croc#s ,Crocus sativus3 plant nati%e to So#thwest Asia. It has historicall been the world;s most e)pensi%e spice per #nit wei!ht. Sa$$ron imparts a bitter taste and ha +li'e $ra!rance to $ood. Sa$$ron li'el contains more than 150 %olatile and aroma+ ieldin! compo#nds. A carotenoid" comprises P10@ o$ dr sa$$ron;s mass and is responsible $or the rich !olden+ ellow h#e created when sa$$ron is added to $ood dishes. Picrocrocin" a bitter !l#coside" is responsible $or sa$$ron;s $la%or. The nat#ral carotenoid OCrocetin; is the primar cancer+$i!htin! element that sa$$ron contains. It not onl inhibits the pro!ression o$ the disease b#t also decreases the si7e o$ the t#mo#r b hal$" !#aranteein! a complete !oodb e to cancer. Tho#!h it is the most e)pensi%e spice in the world $or it is deri%ed $rom aro#nd 050"000 $lower sti!mas ,sa$$ron croc#s3 that ma'e D#st abo#t hal$ a 'ilo" a $ew sa$$ron threads come loaded with bene$its o# won;t re!ret pa in! $or. Si!ni$icant in$ormation points to the abilit o$ sa$$ron to inhibit cancer ,Abd#llae% 000=3. A:#eo#s

sa$$ron preparations ha%e been reported to inhibit chemicall ind#ced s'in carcino!enesis ,?as" Cha'rabart " and ?as 00043. 8oth chan!es in carcino!en bioacti%ation and t#mor proli$eration appear to occ#r. Sa$$ron and croc#s also ha%e si!ni$icant antit#mori!enic properties. Similar to other spices" the appear to s#ppress cell !rowth in neoplastic cells to a !reater e)tent than in normal cells ,A#n! et al. 00023. The abilit o$ crocin to decrease cell %iabilit occ#rs in a concentration+ and time+ dependent manner ,8a'shi et al. 000.3. The e$$ects o$ t#mor s#ppression also ha%e an impact on the lon!e%it o$ the host. A si!ni$icant increase in the li$e span o$ ?alton;s l mphoma+bearin! animals was $o#nd in those pro%ided with sa$$ron. 1). T1!$& Th me is another c#linar and medicinal herb. Toda " common #sa!e re$ers to an or all members o$ the plant !en#s %hymus" also o$ the Lamiaceae $amil . Se%eral acti%e a!ents are reported" incl#din! th mol" car%acrol" api!enin" l#teolin" tannins" terpinene" and other oils. 1l#th et al. ,00023 e)amined the e$$ects o$ th me on en7 me ind#ction in c#lt#red h#man li%er carcinoma cells and h#man colon adenocarcinoma cells. The obser%ed a th me e)tract to acti%ate promoters %ia the electrophile responsi%e element" th#s pro%idin! potential cl#es abo#t the mechanism b which th mol and car%acrol ma in$l#ence en7 me e)pression and pre%ent cancer. *o#ntin! e%idence s#!!ests that cancers are not an ine%itable conse:#ence o$ a!in! b#t are pre%entable diseases. The e%idence here s#!!ests that spices ma be $actors in one;s diet that ma lower cancer ris' and a$$ect t#mor beha%ior. Spices ha%e been cons#med $or cent#ries $or a %ariet o$ p#rposes" s#ch as $la%orin! a!ents" colorants" and preser%ati%es" 9itho#t :#estion" e%idence e)ists that m#ltiple processes" incl#din! proli$eration" apoptosis" an!io!enesis" and imm#nocompetence" can be in$l#enced b one or more spices. 18. T,R$&RIC T#rmeric ,Curcuma longa3is a rhi7omato#s herbaceo#s perennial plant o$ the !in!er $amil " Kin!iberaceae. T#rmeric has been #sed in India $or tho#sands o$ ears and is a maDor part o$ A #r%edic medicine. It was $irst #sed as a d e and then later $or its medicinal properties. Its acti%e in!redient" c#rc#min" inhibits in$lammator reactions" has anti+diabetic e$$ects" red#ces cholesterol amon! other power$#l health e$$ects. A new st#d led b a research team at L#dwi!+ *a)imilians+Gni%ersitat ,L*G3 in *#nich now shows that it can also inhibit $ormation o$ metastases. Bne o$ the most comprehensi%e s#mmaries o$ a re%iew o$ 200 t#rmeric st#dies to date was p#blished b the respected ethnobotanist &ames A. ?#'e" Phd. Fe showed that t#rmeric appears to o#tper$orm man pharmace#ticals in its e$$ects a!ainst se%eral chronic" debilitatin! diseases" and does so with %irt#all no ad%erse side e$$ects. This is the 'in! o$ spices when it comes to dealin! with cancer diseases" besides it addin! a 7est colo#r to o#r $ood on the platter. T#rmeric contains the power$#l pol phenol C#rc#min that has been clinicall pro%en to retard the !rowth o$ cancer cells ca#sin! prostrate cancer" melanoma" breast cancer" brain t#mo#r" pancreatic cancer and le#'emia amon!st a host o$ others. C#rc#min promotes OApoptosis;+ ,pro!rammed cell death>cell s#icide3 that sa$el eliminates cancer breedin! cells witho#t posin! a threat to the de%elopment o$ other health cells. In cases o$ con%entional radiotherap and chemotherap " the s#rro#ndin! cells too become a tar!et in addition to the cancer cells. There$ore" the side+e$$ects are imminent. ?#'e noted that in the handboo' Phytochemicals& 'echanisms o Action" c#rc#min and>or t#rmeric were e$$ecti%e in animal models in pre%ention and>or treatment o$ colon cancer" mammar cancer" prostate cancer" m#rine hepato+carcino!enesis ,li%er cancer in rats3" esopha!eal cancer" and oral cancer.

C#rc#min ma be #se$#l in the pre%ention o$ breast and prostate cancers Q which are both lin'ed to in$lammation Q and in red#cin! their metastatic potential. It co#ld pla a positi%e role in primar pre%ention Q be$ore a $#ll+blown t#mor arises Q or help to a%ert $ormation o$ metastases. In this conte)t the $act that the s#bstance is well tolerated is %er important" beca#se one can sa$el recommend it to indi%id#als who ha%e an increased t#mor ris'. Sources2 nlm.nih.!o% care0.com pre%entdisease.com i