Journal of Advanced Research in Mechanical Engineering (Vol.1-2010/Iss.2) Abderahim / On the Instability by Localization of Deformation in / pp.

120-123

On the Instability by Localization of Deformation in Geomaterials Unsaturated Porous

Gheris Abderahim* * Department of Civil Engineering, University of Souk Ahras, BP1553 Route National 16, Souk Ahras, Algeria
tel/fax: +21337327148 e-mail:a.gheris@hotmail.com Submitted: 15/02/2010 Accepted: 16/04/2010 Appeared: 29/04/2010 HyperSciences.Publisher

Abstract The development of the concept of shearing strips in the saturated sands has been described by Loret and Prevost (1991) where the module of grain compressibility is supposed bigger than the one of the skeleton (constituent solid incompressible). This concept has been spread by Harireche et al (2000) to the case of the constituent compressible where the variation of the volume in the present fluid phase an irreversible part and contribute to the variation of the efficient constraint. The present work concerns the analysis of the phenomenon of localization of the distortion for the partially saturated porous middles, for it we present equations of behavior in the setting of the miscellanies elastoplastic theory. We use a procedure of regularization vescoplastic adapted to the case of the constituent compressible.

Keywords: Porous middles, Partially saturated soil, Elastoplastic, Vescoplastic, Model, Modelisation

1. INTRODUCTION During the last decades, the theory of miscellanies has been used to describe the linear elastic properties and saturated porous middles isotropic (Bowen, 1982). Thereafter the development of a thermodynamic approach based on the theory of miscellanies has been used, on the one hand to clarify notions of middles no saturated multi phasiques, and on the other hand, to give the fundamental relations that govern the behavior of the different constituent of a porous middle (solid, liquid and gas) and their interactions (Klubertanz et al, 1999). Loret and Prevost (1991) described the development of shearing strips in sands saturated elastoplastics. One presents here an extension of equations developed in this last reference to the case where the solid grains are compressible. The local algorithm of constituent equation resolution used for the saturated sands by Loret and Prevost is adapted to equations coupled representing the behavior of the mixture, for a surface of load and a potential plastic some type Cam Clay modified. One outrages, we use a procedure of regularization extended viscoplastic to the case of the constituent compressible used by Harireche et al (2000). 2. FIELD OF CONSTRAINT The porous middle is a heterogeneous system composed of three phases: a solid skeleton represented by particles of soil and two fluids, the first is water, the other is air. The whole

forms what one calls a mixture. Laws of conservation established in the setting of the miscellanies theory are summed up below (Truesdell and Noll, 1960; Eringen and Ingram, 1965). 2.1 Conservation of the mass It describes the evolution of the quantity of the mass inside of the phase (=s,w,a) as well as the interaction between the different phases. d + div v = = s, w, a) (1) dt
Where: v : the velocity of particles of the phase = : is the mass intrinsic volumique of the phase : Fraction volumique occupied by the phase

In everything that follows, one will use indications , to indicate the solid phase or the fluid phase ( , = s for the solid and , = a,w respectively for the phase of air and liquid) 2.2 Conservation of the quantity of movement The second used equation is the equation of the conservation of the quantity of movement for every phase, it writes itself in terms of symmetrical partial constraint tensor:

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Journal of Advanced Research in Mechanical Engineering (Vol.1-2010/Iss.2) Abderahim / On the Instability by Localization of Deformation in / pp. 120-123

div + (b

d v =0 )+p dt

(2)

Equations of behaviours under shape incrementales write themselves:

ep ep = A : s w Pw a Pa s w = w I : + a ww Pw + a wa P v a s v +a P = + I : a P a a aw w aa a

Where: : is partial constraint tensor for the phase .

(09)

: is the contribution of quantity of movement to the p

s +p w +p a =0 phase , must have some p

b : is the strength of volume of the phase .

(s ) ; s

= (1

K DS ) = a, w Ks

(10)

are governed by Contributions of quantity of movement p

a = f (d , s , ) ; d = C
Where:

K DS

; , = a, w (11)

the law of diffusion:

= p

g
k

( v v s ) + p

, = w, a x

(3)

Where:

K DS : Module of compressibility of the skeleton, K s : Module of compressibility of the constituent solid,

k > 0: represents the permeability.

C : Material parameters.
With:

g : The acceleration of the gravity.

p : is the intrinsic pressure.
3. ELASTOPLASTICS MISCELLANIES

A = E DS

f 1 DS g E : : E DS H 1 DS g f E : H s

(12)

ep = w I w

(13)

s and rates of content in fluid The solid distortion rate

volume v and v are decomposed in an elastic part and a plastic part:
= v e v +v p , = a, w

ep = a I a

1 DS g f E : H s

(14)

s = s + s e p

(4)

The function of load (f) and the potential plastic (g) dependent of the efficient constraint of Bishop (1959) that holds amount of the suction in pores (difference of pressure of air and the one of water), and of one whole of variable intern, the suction (s) and (X) variable of ecrouissage:

The H module is supposed positive in order to exclude the case of materials bloquantses. f g f s + H =h+ : E DS : >0; h= (15) X

Where: H: modulates ecrouissage. In what follows, the surface of load and the potential plastic are supposed of Cam-Clay modified model type. This surface is elliptic in the plan of the efficient constraints P and constraints deviatoric q defined by:

= + Pa I ( Pa Pw )I
Where: Pa : Pressure of air,

(6)

f ( , s, ) =

q2

Pw : Pressure of water,

M2

( P + Ps )( P0 P )

(16)

: Total constraint content.

Laws of outflows are defined with the help of a rule of normality generalized applied to triplets ( , Pa , Pw ) and

+ P + Ps M 2 P 1 2 P = tr ; q = ( dev : dev )1 2 3 3

g ( , s, ) =

q2

(17)

(18)

( s , v a , v w ) under the shape:

s = p
g g = a, w ;v p = P
(07)

0 : Plastic multiplier. Where:

The law of evolution of ecrouissage variable is applied for under the shape: ; 0 = (s) = X (08)

Where: P, Ps , P0 are respectively middle pressures, pressure of cohesion according to the suction, pressure of pre consolidation for a value of suction data, M slope of the state criticizes (CCM model). Let's put: f Q= : The normal to the surface of load.

P=

g : Normal to the potential, here P = Q (associated

plasticity).

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Journal of Advanced Research in Mechanical Engineering (Vol.1-2010/Iss.2) Abderahim / On the Instability by Localization of Deformation in / pp. 120-123

4. VISCOPLASTICS MISCELLANIES We use here the model of Duvaut and Lions (1971) adapted by Loret and Prevost to the porous middles, and extent by Harireche et al (1991) in the analysis of the phenomenon of localization of the distortion in the submissive samples to impacteses of solid amplitude. 1 Tr 1 vp s = E DS : ( )H f ( , s, X) (19)

one also notes an important difference between movements of the solid and the fluid. The localized distortions are more intense in the case of the material of which the constituent solid is least compressible.

[ ]

= 1 ( X X) X

(20)
Fig. 1. Deformed mesh (compressible solid)

Where:

f ( , s, X) : represents the answer of the solid elastoplastic of

reference. Can be seen in particular
Tr

as the projection of the

constraint on

the

surface

of

load.

The

parameter
A

represents the time of relaxation and the H symbol

designates the function of Heaviside. 5. ALGORITHM OF RESOLUTION We present below the procedure of regularization viscoplastic introduced in a code of count by finished element and used in the application that we will present in the following section: Tr k t k = n ; = n ; z1 = exp( ) ; z 2 = (1 z1 ) (t )

Fig. 2. Deformed mesh (incompressible solid)

4 3,5 3

Velocity (m/s)

2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 100

n = z1 n + (1 z1 )

Tr

DS + z 2 ( k : Pk ) n E n

k k n = z1 n + (1 z1 ) + z 2 (k n n)

A'

B'

6. NUMERIC RESOLUTIONS We present in this section an example of application in order to validate the method numeric clarification. The experience consists in submitting an oblong sample of dimension L1=2.5m and L2=3.5m to an axial velocity of compression on the two parallel faces. The speed is maintained constant during all the interval of time in order to simulate an impact. Strips take birth to the level of corners and propagate itself until separation of the sample in four blocks. The point of reference (A and A') represents the evolution of velocity of displacement and pressures inside during the time of the shearing strip, on the other hand the point (B and B ') represents the evolution outside of this strip. Results of this count are represented by the following figures, the difference of the variation of pressure velocity (water, air) to the level of points (A and B), represent the emigration of the fluid (water, air) toward strips of shearing where appear a big dilatance,

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Time (s)

Fig. 3. Variation of the velocity of displacement of the solid

4 3,5

Velocity (Kpa/s)

3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 100

A B A' B'

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Time (s)

Fig. 4.Variation of the water velocity

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Journal of Advanced Research in Mechanical Engineering (Vol.1-2010/Iss.2) Abderahim / On the Instability by Localization of Deformation in / pp. 120-123
AUTHORS PROFILE
4 3 2
Velocity (Kpa/s)

1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 100 200 300 400 500 600

A B A' B'
700 800 900 1000

Gheris Abderahim: Msc in Mechanics of Soils and Structures, University of Tebessa, Algeria 2002. Bsc in Civil Engineering, University of Guelma, Algeria 1998 Teaching Areas lecturer at University of Souk ahras, Algeria in: Soil Mechanics Research Interests member of Geotechnical Engineering and Hydraulics Laboratory, University of Souk ahras, Algeria deep foundation and soil improviser modeling the behavior of contaminated soils.

Time (s)

Fig. 5.Variation of the air velocity 7. CONCLUSION Numeric experience results done on an oblong sample of partially saturated porous material showed that for two porous materials no saturated correspondent to the even solid, distortions taking place in strips that matched to the same time for the two materials, are more intense in the material of which the constituent solid is least compressible. It is the same observations observed in the works of Harireche et al (2000) done on the saturated porous materials. REFERENCES Gheris, A. (2002). Application du concept dtat critique la modlisation des sols non satures par la mthode des lments finis, Sminaire Nationale de Gnie Civil, CU, TEBESSA. Laffifi, B. (2001), Modlisation de la rponse transitoire des sols non saturs, Mmoire de magistre en gnie civil, Centre Universitaire de TEBESSA Harireche, O. Nouaouria, S. (2000). Sur linstabilit par localisation de la dformation dans les gomatriaux poreux satures, 1er Sminaire National de Mcanique des Geomateriaux et Structures, U, GUELMA, pp 39-44 Loret, B., Nasser, K. (2000). A three-phase model for unsaturated soils, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, Vol 24 issue 11, pp 893-927 Harireche, O., Loret, B. (1992). 3D dynamic strainlocalization: shear-band pattern transition in solids, European Journal of Mechanics: A/Solids, vol 11, N6, pp 733-751

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