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Transmission System
PDH Network
1st 1 2Mb 30 chls 30 x4 8 Mb 120 chls x4 34 Mb 480 chls x4 139 Mb 1920 chls 2nd 3rd 4th
PDH Signals
E1 Signal 32 Time Slots (DS0) Multiplexed to One E-1 64 Kbps * 32 = 2048 Kbps or 2.048 Mbps Commonly called a E1 Line (or C12 Container) E3 Signal 16 E-1 Multiplexed to One E-3 2.048 Mbps x 16 + 1.60 (overhead) = 34.368 Mbps Commonly called a E3 Line (or C3 Container) E4 Signal 4 E-3 Multiplexed to One E-4 34.363 Mbps x 4 +1.812 (overhead) = 139.264 Mbps Commonly called a E4 Line (or C4 Container)
BY:- GAURAV KUMAR
Limitations
Inability to identify individual channels in a higher order stream. Insufficient capacity for network management. Most PDH network management is proprietary. No definition of bit rates greater than 140 Mbit/s There are different hierarchies in use around the world.
Hierarchy levels defined STM-1 : 155.52 Mbps STM-4 : 622.08 Mbps STM-16 : 2488.32 Mbps STM-64 : 9953.28 Mbps
SDH Benefits
First world standard in digital format. First optical Interfaces. Multi-vendor environment drives price down Flexible synchronous multiplexing structure. Easy traffic Add-Drop and cross connect capability. Reduced number of interfaces improves network reliability. Powerful management capability. Highly flexible and survivable self healing rings available. Backward compatibility to existing PDH
BY:- GAURAV KUMAR
Regenerator
STM-N REGENERATOR
STM-N
It regenerate the clock and amplitude of incoming distorted and attenuated signal. It derive the clock signal from the incoming data stream
Terminal Multiplexer(TM)
PDH SDH
TERMINAL MULTIPLEXER
STM-N
It combines the Plesionchronous and Synchronous input signals into higher bit rate STM-N Signal.
STM-N
STM-N
Extraction from & insertion into high speed SDH bit streams of Plesiochronous and lower bit rate Synchronous signal. Ring structure of network which provides the advantage of automatic back-up path switching in the event of fault.
DXC is a synchronous network involves setting up semipermanent interconnections between different channels enabling routing to be performed down to a VC level. Does the mapping of PDH tributary signals into VCs and switching of various containers up to and including VC4.
BY:- GAURAV KUMAR