Chapter 2

2-l
i-F

T -To

r?00_30

=#
1830

ffi

Et**#),",

Ax = 0.238m
2-2
AssumeLinear variation:k =

he+ pf1

-frlq_r,
-,r|
11
+
:=
#1,
*,r,
:"!,:'^T^:J=
'

Q_=95oC,
4=62"C, Tt=35"C,Ar=ti.OiS

,b, - zs+
rrr,]= - 35+
f<oz2[n, t;;;_ rrrr1
J

F = 4.69x10-3

a.68Tl0-3
1000=u=
' b(0'.1)fnr-rr_rrrtl
o.ozs
z es,
L
L'
J

h=5.98g

- 4.68x
k = 5.e88(1
r0*3tl

ft

2-,3
qI
A

s60

ffi+#*ffi

- 419

w
)
m-

lo

Chapter2
n4
R-

Lx
IA

0.025
' L (150x0. - 1 . 6 6 7x l 0 - 3
l)

- - A - -

rD

0.075

= 0.05
(30x0.05)
o ff
=o .o l
4 vr - :
(50x0.1)
0.075
RvD = # = A . 0 2 1 4 3
(70x0.05)
R - RA+ 4c .
= 2'667x la-2
#t
R;-R;
LT
370_66
q-T=ffi-11,400W
K=3

'r

2-s
44,000_ 250_35

A-ffi

A- 134.7
mz

24
q

75

:39.76w|^z
i=f
,L 0.6s*$ff
?-7

q_._ry
AR

300

r75- 80

A=re
396 ' 0.03T-

"

A - 1 . 2 4 7^ 2
2-g
Assumeone directionalno heat sources

q- +(A+=-fr' AIr
-k0A# - kopAr,
+gr2
a
#=
#

Integrating
: qlry= -k*Al" o, - Akopt r2dr
1Tr

q' - -hAlrr-ry*+ez3
- rirll
-.
Lx L
3\'z
J

tl

Chapter2
2-g
- -l l
4Ai

: : , = 0v'vv
.00709
(1500)a(0.03)

h=0.015+0.002=0.017

ln(rol=r)_ ln(0.0120,015)
0.000
v'
433
Znk
Zn(46)
ll
v'\' I
Q97)n(0.034)
hh
oC.m

st

LR-0.05502
?

q.-?23*=3017
L 0,05502

Wm

?-10
:- = 300x-30
ox
^t

d"T 'nn
I aT
heatingup
;T=JOU=-_
dx'
a dr

Dr

-=
\ -30
ox

at x=0

-=60

at x=0.3

l -

ox

=-(0.04X-30)
\
, / \ - - . , +1.2{
+
A

u, x = 0

-2.4{+=--(0.04X60)Am'

atr=0.3

^2

A\

2-Il
d : 0 . 0 0 0 0 2 5 ; k:1 6 ;

L =O.g m ; h= 500; T*= 20oC;

To= Tl=200oC

m = (500)(4)/(r6)(o.oooozs11t
n : 2236
0 ' 0 : 0 ' L =2 0 0 {0 = l g 0
q = -2kA(ffi 'lfuh= -2kA(_m0,6)

: Q)06>n(o.oaoozs,12
6)(rBly4 = 0.0063W
1223

lz

2-12

ku=W-5.35x10-5
0.003
= 0.0181
0.166
0.06 RFi =
1.579
0.039

RA, =

*=#=313#
2-13

R-"c -

= 0'721
ozx o'5778t

Rr f = - . . , . #

.s9
- = 7' 'J(o.o3gxo.577g)

&=#
= 1.082
5 (0.05)
(0.577gJ
Rr=
*=0.5

& =+=e.r43

q _72 -ZO

A-E--r'ru
u -*=0.0996

h,.ft,

In

2-r4
0.004
Rr=+=
= 0.0025
T6

=+=+=0.00833
&veralt
U

I2O

1 4 ' = & , -- 0 ' . 0 0 2 5 = 0 . 3

A%veralt
$veralt 0.00833
A4r=(0.3X60)-tgoc

lb

Chapter 2

2-r5
Ice at OoC
p - ggg.gkel ^3
V - (0.25)(0.4X1
.0)= g.I m3
m:100 kg
q - (100X330
x 103)= 3.3x107J
+ (z)(0.4xr.0)+ (2x0.25x1
4 - Q)(0-25)(0-4)
.0)= 1.5mz
A0- (2X0-35X0.5)+
(2X0.5X1.1)+
(2X0.35X1
.l) = z.zz^2
A m - 1 . 8 6^ 2
0.05
rr Ax
. l'){ ^ = = - - 0 . E i 4 6
- Vr
kA (o.o33xl.g6)

&-

'1- = 0 . 0 4 5

nAo
R 0.9596
0 _ 3 . 3 x 1 0 7_ 2 5 - 0
LT
LT
0.9596
Lr - 1.135
x 106sec
- 3 1 5h r
- 13days
2-16
q (noins.) - hA(Tw- T*) = (25)gn)(0.5)2
e20- 15)= gz47w
l
S
m
W
,
'-'fbam
m.oC

q-W-

h4trrazeo-L)
r;

rg

(0.018x1
20- 40)_
_ ls)
(zs)rc2(40
05- rt
rg - 0.5023m
thk=rc-r;=O.OZ3m
Q (w I ins) - (ZS)(42X0.5023)2(+O- 15)= 1982W
2-L1

q-+nrc{a1ril

m'oc

T- h

ll

k-zo4+=

o3z 034

-5 n7W

14

Chapter2
2-18
ot I-n_

AT

& t u , , , =arcQOa)
#--& =9.752xr0-3
I

__l

. s-- @
m=
4-0 6
'p\ n
--3

&vv'!r'
onuqC T-_

-7 .9 5 g

hA

-1.592
(ZO)(4,n)(0.0,2

- 9
Q.4
A 11
\W
I/
=
0 . 0 0 97 5 +7 .9 5 8l .S
+ 9Z

2-lg
di - 2.90 in.

do - 3.50 in. k - 43

ln(3.5f2.9)

m.oC

= 9.96 xl0-4

&teet
Rin, =

(zrc)(43X1)
ln(5.5f3.5)(2n)(0.06X1)

1.lggg

I
- -l- =0.2278
&onu
vvr.,
h4
(10)zr(5.5X0.0254)
Ro, - I .427

q-

LT
-R

250_20
1.427

w
m

7-r8
kA- 0. 166
3t5-4

@=@
0.166

kf :0.0485
4 -38

m'oc

-T34E -

0.7283(3
15- 4) = 0.0828(4- 38)
4 -296.7oC

L6

Chapter2

2-21
Qr = -k4nr2

dT
dr

- -k4ttf' dr
n,f'o
ry. +dr
r'
J4
(r r)

a,l;-rt)l - - 4 r c k ( T o - T i )
\t

qr =-+ryn$o
,4)
[ v - a )r i
\b

(t-r)
r/
&n_\r4rck
2a2
r;=Q.5mm-5xlOam
k
r sx 1 0 - 4+ 2 x l O a - J x l O a
;=5

k - (7xlo-4xt2o)= o.og4 w
q(barewire)
= x(a.ootxtzuff4r,,li40)- I 3s.7Wm
= (135.7)(0.25)

4(insulated)
400- 40
q-

= 33.93Wm

In(bfsxto-oF

33.93

@+ffi
ffiT-----

By iteration:rc = 135mm
- 1345mm
thickness
2-23

(1)(r2)

- 6.16x l0-2
4.=(30)rc(2.067)
Rp

ln(Z.37512.067)
- 8 . 1 8 8x l 0 - 4
2rc(27)
ln(3.37512.37
5) 2.432
2n(0.An)

(1x12)

&= 2n(3.375) - 5 . 6 5 9 x 1 0 - l

IG

Chapter2

2-24
dl kao{ro:rD -(To-L)
q, = -k4nr2 =
k4nroz
dr
i._a
Tt-T*

q-T

'

I ll
-orn\i-

ll,

hl-@,

Take& =o
dro
Resultis:,n=ZL
"h

2a5
(2)= 35I I kg
Mn at 90Vofull= (0.9x970)ft(0.8)2

a t Z o C l hqr = r y = 8 1 7 4 W

3600
=
+ z(0.8)(2) = 9.048m2
A 2rc(O.8)2
Fiberglass
boardswith k = 40 mWm.oC
(40x l0-3x9.048x80-20)
=2.66x l0-3 m
Ax _
8174
2-26
.torImlength
, = ln(9.1/8)
= 4.363x
lOa

R(pipe)
ffif

ln(27'U9'l)=
0.3474
R(ins(l))2n(o.5)
R(ins(2))-ln(35'U27'l)= 0.8246

zn(o.25)

R(tot)=1.172
LT zsO-2O=t96.2 Y
4= *=
m
Lr72
2A1
Fiberglass ft = 0.038
k =0.154
Asbestos
brick

-, , --

k=0.69

Lx =1.2 cm x 2
Ar = 8.0cm
Ax=l0.0cm

=o'684
h*(%#*r*0.,r**d* #
|

t1

h=15

W
m.oC

*2

Chapter2

2-28

R:1
k
Fiberglass
Urethane
Mineral Wool
CalciumSilicate

KR
0.046
0 .019
0.091

21.74
55.6
I 1.0

0.058

I7.z

2-29
M

\ 1000"c
rz:4oooC
Ti - 55"C
mw
km-9o
m.oc

mW
kr = 42
m.oC

h = tL 5a '
re

Y
^2.oc

T* =40oC

g = -h(r?
g
- 40)
- \ - J - T*)
' @ / = (15X55
' u , - 225
\^"/\u"
A

q _ t. (1000- 400)

i=o^T
q _k, (4oo- 55)
A

'nr'

LxF

^2

Lxm-0.24m
LxF:0-0644 m

r6

Chapter2

2-30
Uniformly distributedheat sources
n

d'T,q
-+--0
dx" k

T=Tt

at x--L

T=Tz. at x=+L

.)

qxT
| -= *c1x*c2

2k
.

? t

qLT
1'12=k- - - C 1 L + c 2

rz:
L 2 k +*cl L+c2
T - + U 3 - * Z' y + T ) : Txt * T t + \ '
2k\
2L
2
2-3r
ry=2.5
ry:3.5
r y =6 . 5
ln(ry|ry)-ln(3-512.5)
= a.2433
R,
r_
0.22(2n) 0.22(2rc)
R r _ l n ( r yl r) _ 1 .6 4 2
L

0.46(2n)

Rw*=

1
^ 1=
=0 .0 408
hA (60)n(2X0.065)

R - r . 9 2 6 2" c ' m

/.' -

LLT
R

(20)(400- 15) -,
.Of}?

\I/

r.9262

lcl

2-32

r- &)l
q-q*U+P(

4*{=Q
k

dx'
T=T* at x=IL
Generalsolution

tw4;

r-r*=c,[,"{
W"l *c2['"1
From boundaryconditions
1
cr=
cz=O

T-T*=

cos
W.

}-ffi
k:43;

rr:0.015; t2:0.04; To:250oC; T*:35"C) h:43

L = 0.025
L": O.0255
rzc= 0.0405
r z J n : 2.7
tz
1,"3211r/kAor)t: o'825
Fig.2-12 8r: 0.59

= s 0Ew
- 3sx0.3e)
- o.ots'x250
- -...J": (ffKF(o,ffios2
2-34
MW
q- m
= -0 . 3 0 - r s a m e a s h a l f o f w a l l 1 5 c m t h i c k w i t h c o n v e c t i o n o n e a c h s i d e .

1o6xo.o6o)2
=25.7oc

at -(o.3ox
To-T*=e=6
hA(T,-T-)
qI^A,=

(o.lo
= 31.6oc
"-196)(o.0o0)
T, -T* = --y15--

=
To= T-" = 93+ 25]t+ 31'6 150'3oC

(o
-**."*t#r-*l**

_**--..

,rqcuilr!!]irr#rrrarFrFttif,rufilttltiltrililrilrl'|F;lrFrilrll

ulurrt!

t!tlfllitltlttitl

l'

iit:tttttl[itf,ll

Chapter2

2-35
tQo
/

Is

T;
X+

dzr - -qoe-*

ex = eoe-ax

E:T

T -cl * czx-+e-crx
'
atk

Boundaryconditions:
(l)
T=Tt at x=0
(2)
T=hat x=L

c1-Ti..fr
T - T,+ ge- *r,
o2k'

c2-ro-r'-hQ-e-"1)
- r, -

hQ
L

- e-oL)x
*$

e-ax

atk-

zl

Chapter2

2a6

l*-L4
qQ

y ray flux
QO

Ti*

1'*"
q - qor-o*

4=-Qo

E-

k"

o.-ax

- +e-o*
T -ct * c2x
e
a"k

Boundaryconditions:
(l)

atx=L

+-0(adiabatic)
drc

(2)

at x=0 T=Tr
Qo
L)
e -\*
ozk

ln^
3 t

-L

AK

T - r i + g - q a ' - o L x* - + e - o *
oTk

ak

oTk

7z

Chapter2

2-37

T-T*=ctcos
W.*czsin W.
T:Tt

at x-tL

c2-0

-'fr
ATI
\11
-Tw+{
-/.A+l
-r*) c1=m
=hA(rt-L)
l*-r

ve equatron:

2-38
fuAL:hPL(T*- T*)
- 20)
(35.3x 106X0.02
'2 - (4000X4X0.02t(r,
T w: 7 5 .1 6o C
2-39

4*

E-k-

dI =+sin(ax)+cr

4ocos(ax)
-o

T=T*at x-XL

dx

. ' . c l- 0

Tw - a*: cos(aL) + c2
a'k
q -zk#|,=
-zk
A

#[-

ak

."
T-+cos(ax)+
c1x*cz
a'k
.
T - T* - Q9:[cos(ax)- cos(at)]
a "k -

=
sin(aL)J
Tsin(al)

7,,

Chapter2
2-40

k - 0 . 01 2 4

cm. oC

-1.24 W
m.oc

p = l . 5 x t 0 - 3C l - c m

(r.sx to-'{i) = {.5x lo-3

R-

q - I2R= (50)'(4.sx
1o-')= I 1.25w
q-

+=#

-3.7s#

r--*x2+ctx*cz

L_ 1.5cm=0.015m
T-300at x=-0.015
T - 100at x- +{.015
- 0.015)
300 - 100= cl(-0.015
\= 4667

(-9.25x to6xo.ot5)2_
(6667X_0.01
5)+ c2
(2X1.24)
atx -0
T=cz=540.zoc
300 _

c2 = 540-2

2-4I
/<= constant 4 = qo at x -- 0 Assume one directional with no heat storage.

r-rr=(h,-4Xcr+c2x2*c*3)

+-{=o
dx" k

T = T t +Qz-\X cr + c2 x2tcl ,x3)

s2q,

#=e2-\)(Zc2+3cax)
T=Ttatx-0
T=Tz,atx-L
q- -kQ2-T)(2cz*3cax).
s o :\ -

c2: -

Qo

2kg2-r)

4-qoatx=0

CJz =

lQo
E

ex=qo
l#$2-rl.*1.

lT

7.+

2kL(r2-\)

2-47
k-2.5

l\ =,75 (left)
Tt* = 50oC

I'D- 50 (right)
T2* = 30oC

ax2
T- _T*c1x*cz

= T z at x = +{-04
T = T t a t x = - 0 . 0 4 ;T
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)

=-{ry)

(2)

( 0 . 0 4* )c z - r {

(3)

2-43
d:0.05; L-0.02; AT:200"C; k:204
shimA.025mm - 0.001inch
Table2-3; 1 l]r*- 3.52x104
- 10.19
Bars:AxlkA : (4X0.02)ln(0.05)2
Joint: l/hA : 0.179
+ 0.179: 24.559
IR: (2X10.19)
559): | -74"C
AIoi,,t: (200X0-1791202'

2-44
Use solution from Prob.2-28
T =To at x = 0
q rz , T1+ - (s x tosxo.ot5)2
4.
rn =
ru

Zk"

*': =

(2X16)

*-

220+ 45 .
136oc

2-45
Usesolutionfrom Prob.2-28

100t 200= 46z.5oc

(soox t-q6xo'oos)2
q
*
rn
r o :- Z k "t' *Tt \rz2
(2X20)
Z

26

Chapter2
2-46
Behaveslike half a plate having a thicknessof 8 mm. Max Temp is at x = 0
;t2
ro-ft+r*

L=0.004m T.'=100'C
(2oox 106)(0.004)
+loo = l64oc
r _
"
(2)(25)
2-47
. ,-

'

utut

(1CD2n(0.16)2
E2 - ------

^-

a=

(7x10-X30)
MY
(ro)2n(0.r6)2 - - -=l5sr
rJe,
*3

+e3=138.r.c

,o=**r-=W
2-48

(200)2(0.099)= (5700)n(3 xto-3xtx4, - g:)

= l83.3oC
To=16.6+166'7
T* =166.7oC
2-49
-Tt)
e = EI = qrr(roz rr21L=h2tcrL(Ti

fi*Lt*!=o
k
rdr
drz

T=Toatr=ro
t=o--Qr

*cr

r* c2
r =-lr'*c1tn
4k

ff=o

ro=-if*c1lnrs*c2

atr=rs

rr=Q92

T , = 4 * q ! ^ o r zr , , r 1 * c 2

dr"2k16-r2k-'4k2k

-v - *t 'r' - ro2)*
-, = To
-z Tt
lnrs* c2
*q!^22
To
ru -=-q:r?2
$ttf:il
""v
2k \.n
4k'
Zk
4k

.EI
a=;6ffi$)
Insert (a) and (b) in E/ =LntrLh(Ti- Ty') and solve for ft'

'L1

t"l

Chapter2

2-50
q uniform T = Tw at r = R steadystate, T varies only with r.

td2er).
*

;V

a(-.-^ar),

u(.t'no
ae,/*
m#

azr,q-tar
* -k=

A at

thisreducesto:

iV*X=o

r=-$+c1+2
Inbgrating

#=+

conditions:
Boundary
Ut^t = -oo*'#1,=*
(t)

{=-{
dr

(3)

3k

H,=^=

e)

T=T* .t r= R

o thencr= T*-

cz=o

T - T * =L 1 P 2 - r2 1
2-51

Fromwoa.z#
T -7, =L1R2 - r27

x
= 4.r7oc
To-r.- o lqlxg'ozl2
(6X16)
-T*)
= h4nrT(T*
q = qv = q!rcfi
-3
(1x196X9'02)
- 444.4oc
T* -T*(3)(15)
To-T* = M4.4+ 4.17= 448.6oC
T o = 4 4 8 .6 +2 O=4 6 8 .6 'C
2_52
R = P^ -29x10-6 =4.lxlO-i g=4-lxlO-s
cm
L lvo"
n(1.5\'

(zro)2(+.t
x !o-s)=3.o.xro3
a' =12R_
4
V

m-

z(0.015)'

(3.07
x to3xo.ots)2
,
ro=ff+180=180.0009oC

2,4

g
m

Chapter2

2-53
L( ,d')= -Y-=-ar+brz

q-a*br

dr(

dr)-

d T - - - lt( o r 2 , b r 3 ) .
+.-

dr

? n- - : ll ( o r z
br3)
T
'
- + - ' i * r , l n r* c 2
3 )i + rr
frl. 4
s )

k[ Z

dT=t(
*ar
+.4J
dr
k[2
3 )

T=4at r=l
T=TOat r=h
Solving for constantsgives:

b(ro3:r,3)
4 - ro- +l ""; ;f , *

c1 =

'"(*)

-ro-]:lr'{t
t'?)+b";;rtl
fr\ 4
9 )
A I s oe = e t a t r - n = a + b r ;

Inr o

2-54

h-s000 y

d-2mm

T*-l00oc

To- 150oC

pe - I .67 pA.cm

^2.oc

w
k -386

m.oC

ro -T* = 4R2
4k
q - 4@R2)L=h(ZrcRL)(T*L)

T*-T*=4t2h

To-7,.:4*4
4k

2h

-l o-oot2
lso- roo= -L(4)(386)
+ o,oolI q - 4 . 9 7 x 1 0 8 w
(2xsooo)J
m'
_T

.tl

q - I ' P r :e-Aq' A L

q4' _ (4.g7xtos)Qc)2(o.oo
p _
t)4
=-3

pe
I 542 amp

I.67 x l0-8

1.?

Chapter2
2_55
ri = 0.0125m
ro = 0.0129m
Assumeinnersurfaceis insulated
dr__Qr+gt_oatr=n
drzkrn
^ _ qr;2

(a)

q=t

' 2

7 =-3-*

c1ln r * c2

Tn =-qro2

crlnrn I cc

4k'4kL'

"4k

-h..2

T =$rrlnri

-,iz)+"r"[f)
ri-ro=-#r^,

+ c2

tu)

HeatTransferis:
q = qV = qn(rs2- rt2)= hn(Zrs)(Ts- T*)
Inserting(a) in (b) gives
n
;-2
f".\
-n2)+*^1il
rt-ro=fr{,0z

(c)

(d)

W e t a k e ': 4 = 2 5 0 " C
ft=100+ oC
m' .

L=40oC

k=24

m'oC
Inserting the numerical values in Equations (c) and (d) and solving gives:

4= s3'26
Ym-

To=249'76"C
2_56

k=43

W
m .oC

Ur=
-e',,-"'-.'.8f#(#)
s'o-

I
2xro-3+ 4.3rxto-s+71.84xl0-3

=13.54-}-

m' .oC

2-57
k o'18=
'o=i=
o.ol5m = 1.5cm
12
(a) ro =1.25 + 0.05= 1.3cm

Increased

(b) ro =1.25 + 1.0= 2.25cm

Decreased
?o

Chapter2
2-58

u=+
R

3.ll4xl0-z

=32.y
+m2.oC

2-59
A = ! 3 O . 4m 2

u
--

q 44'00,0 -rs?- w
'''o ps
A T (130.4)(26038i

2-60
F o rI = l m

+=

44

-i-=0.1959

Gs)n(o.Dzs)

ln?_o
fr) - ln(2.581?.5)
= 2.79xl0*g
2t*,
2r(18)
I

= t.898

(6.5)z(0.025s)

hh
I

U A = ? =2 .0 9 4
)R
9- = p.OS+)(120
-15)= 219.9 W
Lm
2-61

A = l m t'

Nr

Su"=T=

0.005= 6 ' 4 l x t o - 3

t^

&i,=+=99=0.1538
k
0.026

=+=rf,=o'otlr
&onu,
& o n u ,= * = 0 . 0 2

")u

|
I
I-l- =
=
==-if
:
:
=
=
(2 )(6 .4 1 x1 0 -')+0 .1 5 38+0.0833
+0.O2 0.2699
R=O.2699
singleglassplate:R = 6.41xl0-3 + 0.0833+ 0.02= 0.1097

u = != e.lI -j{R

m'.oc

?l

y
- 2.oC

Chapter2

2-62
;'u--g

386

=2.59x10{ LTcu= 1ft2)(2.sgxt0{)

= t.35xlo{oc

Rs,= ry = 9.3x l0-5

43
=o.Mo2
RA,=
#
=2.632
n"' = *
0.038

I*= z.6sz

= riz)(g.3x
NTsl
to-5)= 4.g4xl0-3oc
LTT'=62)e.a6o2)=3.r3oc
=62)(2.632)
= 136.9"C
NTy

u =l=0.37r
+ .oC
R
mt

- l0) = 52 +
Q= IJAT=(0.371X150
mInsideofcopper=
150oC
2'6\
.r - J.015
rzc=O.03535

= A.02035
Lc= 0.O2+ 0.00035
r2c/q=2.357

L"3t2lZ1'''- (o.o
-c
za3rstzl
\v'v-v-u/
Ltrs0X0,0007X0.0z$5)J
Ure* )

47= o'55
-O.OtS2)(Z)(5U)(2ffiq = nfhAeo=(0.55)z(0
.035352
100)= 186W

1L

Chapter2
2-64
The generalsolution of eq. Z-19 (b) is:
* +c2* (l)
e-T-T*=ct
boundaryconditions:

(l)
(2)

atx=0
at x=L

from:
(l)

q:cl

(2)

0=0t -Tt-T*
0=gz =h-T*

*cz
e=0t-c2
0z = cl *L + czr^L
e2= (gr - c2)e-*t * c2mL- \F-*L - cz@-mL- e*L)
A -e2 op-mL
c2=ffi

Q)

c1= 0r - c2- 0r - e?,; ert--:

e^L _ e-*L

02 - oF*L

^c r = F
-r
(3)
e-^L _ e^L
Then eq. (l) becomes
_ 0z =ilF*L_ p-mx *02:0p-mL
0
v
'
g-*L

_ e*L"

e - e-*(az

,mL--

,4'Y

ow

ere*L)+ e* (ere-*L- 0z)

e-*L _ e^L

Part heat lost by rod:

ct--kAdel
* kA!91
1

ful*-a
ful*-t
d0 _ -e-ry @, - ere*L_)
+ e^*-(up-*L
-J %)]
*l
drc L
e-*L - e^L
(oF-*L -o)l

M*I

q-

*tcAm[-(O2 %F^L)+ (%re-^L 0)1

t

e-mL _ e*L

7l

Chapter2

2'64i
PanA:
4A=-tl\+hP(T
dx'
dzT hP

-T*)
.

W- MQ-L).1-o
l e t0 - T - T *

( o'- tl) o --q

k

kA)

'{ffi'x **
e - cpJhPl*e'*c2e

.r e t , /W

hP

--m

o=ooatx=o
-kAq

,'.cr=oa-#-c2

- h A ( T - L I , =L = : , a i o r

*
^'
.
F,:HW .lu'F,ft\ frk=
r,,.1,
fulx-L

+t

e-

-,r q
- A

'

e*L*r-ffi

hP

Part B:

q=

PL

] oIh P G

qt - -

- T*\W+hA01

-e-m\*4?'

hPI t0r
ml

*(er-#)r'^l
kL
e*L + e-*L

km

L
Part C:

-tA+l =o=eo
&lr_o
*l*=o
0 - lclmemx - c2m
.'. c1 - c2
Zrt-00-qA
hP

q_Tk,.

2h0L

km(emL - t-*L)

?+

+q&+hA02

Chapter2
2-66
4

_dze
_ - - r _hP
_0 =A

letm= -!"dx' lA
I k{
=
=1
2
.5
3
8
fl
mm
[-,=30 cm
h=I7
L
Q= ct* * c2-w at x = 0 0 - 2W- 33=162 ls -386
, Tdz
A4

P =rd

-ilt,
r,
l(tz)o(o.ot
=3.754
m=l#l
L(386)a(0.0r2s)'
l
55=3.084cr
+0.324c2
0 =A.9kw +161.09e-re

qf!nred*=
'Jo

162=\*c2

cr =0.91

cz=161.@

= ^lnpattl.9lew-t6t.o9e-"18'3
npLp.grew-t6t.a9e-wl8
m

= l(17)n(0.0I 25X386)tt(0.0| 25)zlr| 2 x 10.9

tew - | 61.@e-''* l8'3
=122.7W
2-68,

k-204 ry-

L,r ' 4=4L++ =lZ++=125 Tb=250oCT*=lsoc

w
h=lz --:- oc

^ lrdz
A_
4

m'oc

m".

m=

= 0.429
mL, = (3.43)(0.125)

q ='JTpla0oanh(mL")
^-il2

=20.89
q =l (r2)n(0.02)(204)n(0'0?)'
w
.4zs)
I ttto - ls)ranh(o
4l
L
249

q-[ hP(r-r*)dx= hP\dx- Orl;e-rrxdx,= hP0o

le-*16
-ffl
l;

:%l,F-,]
\t'.c^l0

hPeo

tffi
q_ffi=JhPta%

\18-

1t

hPIAeo

Chapbr 2

2-70
0 = cp-* * c2w In caseII theendof thefin is insulated.
= Q theboundary
conditionsare0 =0s at x = 0
+l
fulx=L
&=O at x=Lthen 0=oncosttttfr--d1
" cosh(nl)
dx
dQ"on,= hPdx(T- L) or hP&ce
rL
gLhp?coshlm(L- r')jer

{conv=
JohPdrc=[
ffi

= hpfln l_.-..aconv
ffi;[sinh(z(z

_r
- x))]ot
= Jffino tanh(ml)

2-71
n''ill2
l (20)z(0.000s)(372)z(0.000s)'
rn,,,-r.'AAA(\/tnlt\-r
q= ^7np*e*o_
w
|
I uro_ 20)=0.1s2
L4J

2:12',

I a.s>"a.ozs,rrlz>ra.ozsf'|t",no
_40)=r 1.2w
q=\hPt(Ato=LT
J
2-13
IO=150oC L=15oC

h=20+ . o C
m'

t=l.35cm

Z=6.0mm /=1.5mm

k=2ro w

m.oC

+ 0.75= 6.?5mm
l=6.0
=2.025cm
Qe= rtr L, =1.35+ 0.675
Lc= L*

D"'=1.5A
11

= 1.012x l0-5 m2
A^ = t(r2"- rr) = (0.0015)(0.00675)

-lt'' =0.0s38
,zrz( h )t" =(0.0067$3,r1 zo
-c
x
ro-))l
lkt^ )
L(zroxr.or2

Tlf=97Vo
FromFig.2-ll
- n\go - T*)= 3.86w
= 2hn(r2"2
emax
= 3.75W
q = (0.97)(3.86)

7t

Chapt* 2
2-74
L c= 2 3 + l = 2 4 m m

1tt2=o',7r7

-4 )t" = 0.o24\3nl
-T
,trz(
"

.uri>to.ol,49J
L(l4xo

\ft,A,
)

4f =o'77
- 23)= 192Wm
Q= 4yA0s = (o.77)(2s)(O.024)(2)(220
2-75
Lc=3+0.1=3.1cm
rr= 1.5

D c = I . 5 + 3 . 14=. 6 c m

%-=3.M7
11

6,
-4
=(0.031)3/2[,--,
,r,r(
,,
f''' =o.tt
" [e1, ))t"
L(5sx0.002x0.031)l

4,r= 0.58
- O.OtS2l000
- 20)= 37.4gw
e = qlA,s = (0.58X68X2n)lO.Oa62
2-76
4 = total efficiency A/ = surfaceareaof all fins 4f = ftnefficiency
A = total heattransferareaincluding fins andexposedtube or other surface.
7O= basetemp
L = environmenttemp
=
Qact h(A- Ay)Qo ?i) + rUAyhQs- T*)
{idear= lxAQo-L)

- A- 4 ! Arqr=r-{tr - er)
a,
- ' =P
A
A'
eiua
2-77
Io = 4ffi

/ = 6.4mm

k=r6.3

n^= -\z
4+\=8x10-5m2 p.r,r(-n )t" = o.s1s

L=2.5 cm

L = 93oC

4,r= 0.85
- 93)= 437w
q = (0.85)(28X1X2X0.025)(460

trl

h=28

Chapter2

2-7E
6 = 200oC T* =93oC
k =204

Lc= 12.9mm

h=r.03xr0-5 m2

r = 0.8mm

L=12.5mm
ft = I l0

D,c=2.54

t:,r(Lo,+)" =0.335

t = 1.25cm
b =2.O3
11

er =0.87

1'0 =
105.3
0.0095
- 0.8)(10-3)= 0.0719m2
Tubesurfacearea= (t05.3)z(0.025x9.5
Tubeheattransfer= (l10X0.0719)(20O-93)= 846.6W
No. of Fins =

-!l- = 1o.aT(2)z(1
- o.onsz)e00- 93)= 31.46*
10Xo.o2542

fin
= 3312W
Totalfin heattransfer= (31.46)(105.3)
Totalheattransfer=846.6+3312= 4159W
2-79
rt=l.0cm
T* =93oC

Z=5mm
k = 43

fu-=1.62s

= 1.56x10-5m2
A, = (0.0025X0.m625)

11

t=2.5mm h=25
Lc = 5+1.25= 6.25mm

TO=26O"C
e,c=1.625cm

-rll2

h )r/2 == Q .
t2
25
_l
= $.095
.
Lrt''l
.006:
25531
,)
t^4
^
)
(4
3Xl
.5
6
x
l
0)-s)J
\
2 -0
q = ( 0 -e7)(2sx
2)t,
6225"
.a12
)n(l0.01,
X260 - 93li:) = =4 . 17 1w
2-80
k-43
(

Lrt''l

t -- . 1
-.L

lcm

h )r/2 := $ .
.723

^-)
\ lrA*
q=(0-

7sx20x
2)(
x0..tsx00

=20
fu=

Lcc ' 1 5rcfim

L

.'l5
41
f = o).1
1 5) = 8 i3:
3 W I m derprh

1d

4f :97To

Chapter2
2-gl
| =1.6rrm

r y = 1 . 2c5m

T* =20"C

h=60-,W
,X36
t2c=2.0&
2c =2.58cm
rI

/ ,r 3 l i l l - l n )l/2
L
\k4")

= 0.18

!-n

L=12.5 mm

To=zWoC

w
kk--220o44, *

Lr=L3,3ilrm

=),.rzgxlO-sm2
u= (0.0016)(0.0133)

ef = 95Vo

- 0.0n52x200- 20)= 32.g4w

q - (0.95).rc|)?)n(0.025g2
2-83
tx+ft,

A-2r=;

y=i.=;

-M --hP
- -l^
# dx(rr*) # . *(*A#)*]
-hP(r-r*)=Q e - T - T *
^+)
+(
dr\
dx)
ktx A20 . kt de

iw+;;-hPe=s
Aze de hpL ^

f-*-

dx'

dx

kt

2-94
f! = 0.05
ry,= 0.2
=
L, 0.1+0.001- 0,101
t2'c4

L-0. 15
r2c= 0.201

ry

1,3tz(*)'''

l2

= (0.rorf /2
=2.388
[ (170)(0.101X0.002)

4f = 0.16
q = eyhAilo= (0.16)(60)n(0.20f- 0.05')(Z)(lZ0- 23)= 222 W
2-95
k=16

h= 40

- )5f|0('
T^
-1,
--/v
\r'

T* - gOoc

P=(4X0.0125)=0.05
m
A=(O.Ol2r2=1.565x104m2
= (4oX0.05Xt6Xl.56s
q = ffieo
x to4)l1t21zso-90)= n.3l w
h1

Chaptcr2
2-86
t =2.lmm
L =1 7 mm h =7 5
L = 30oC Lc =17 + 1.05= 18.05mm
4,, = (0.0021X0.0180
5) = 3.79x l0-5 m2
-

""t,(Llt"
\kA, )

k= 164

?b= l( ) ( ) "C

=(0.ols0t3,rl$=0.?66

LeUX3.79xl0q = (O.94}(75X2X0.01
805X100- 30) = r7 8.2 w

4! =e4Eo

r.r

2-87
Lc = 0.0574ft

rzc= 2.688in.
= 9.931in2= 5.97xl}4
4 =(0.125X0.688)

b=t.34
4

= as2s

,,trz(Llt"
"

\kAn)

ft2

4f =87%

-100)
= 2hrQ2"2- rr2'11+5o
' h=r591+!g
emax
'hr
4=(0.87xsel)=514
+q
2-88
Calculateheatlost (not temp.at tip)
d = 1.5mm k =L9
L=12 mm
h=500
Useinsulatedtip solution

To= 45oC

T- =20oC

5
L c = L + 4 , =1 2 +0 .3 7 5 =1 2 .3 7mm
4

*=(np1r"=f tsooloto.oor.sl
lt'' =264.s
\ta)

L(1e)z(0.001sX4)J

mL"= (0.01237
s)Qe., = 3.278
q = ^lffi0yrrnh(tnL)
=

- 2o)tanh(
= 0.177w
3.27s)
[s00)z(0.0015X1e)a(0.oots{;)]t",0,

For 11= 200

mL, = 2.073

= 0.969
tanh(mLr)

o1 =('\t/2(0. \ I 77{0'969)
'\0.997 = o.togw
\500/

Forh-1500

ar =f

mLr=J,677

15oo)t/2(0. r'o =
w
' \ 0 . 9 9 7) ) 0.307
\ r 77r(

\500/

tanh(mLr)=1.0

2-89
k:204; T-:2OoC; To= 70"C
L = 2 5 nw t
h= 13.2; d:2 mm; N = 225pins
: I I .38
m : I(r3.2X4y(204)(0.002\7tn
L : 0.025+ 0.002/4:0.0255
q/pin = (hPkA)t" 0otanh(rnl")
: [( 13.2)n(0.002)(204\n(0.
00I )2]trz(70 - 20)tanhKI I .3SX0.0255)l
: O.lO29W pin fin
= 23.1'5W
total: (225)(0.1029)

At

2-94

k--2M;N:8;

To= lOOoCi T* = 30oC;h: 15;L= 0.02;t = 0.002

P = (2)(0.15+ 0.002): 0.304

: 0.0003
4: (0.002X0.15)
:8.632
m : [(15)(0.304y(2s4)(0.0003)]t2
L : 0 . 0 2 + 0 .0 0 1:0 .0 2 1
q/fin: (hPkA)t" 0otanh(ml")
02I )l
: [( l 5X0.304X204X0.
0003)]t/2(I 00 - 30) tanh[(8.632x0.
:6.62 Wfin
Total: (8X6.62): 53W

2-9L
: 0.04864
SurfaceareafromProb.2'90 = (8X0.304)(0'02
- 0'01251= 0.00565
tuea percircularfin = (2)r(0.03252
Numberof circularfins:0.04865/0.0565:8.6 Roundoffto 9 fins
r r : 0 . 0 1 2 5) tz=0 .0 3 2 5 ;L = 0 .0 2+0.001: 0.021
rz"= 0.0335; rzJn-- 2.68
tz
1"321trlkA-)t : o'1273
r11:0.98
For 9 fins;

-30x2)
- 0.01251(100
q = (e)(0.e8)((ls)r(0.033s2
= 56.2W

+v

Chapter2

2-92
Q = c r -^ +c2 e +^
0-100-20=80 at x=0
e- 35-20=I5 at x=0.06

m=W
{a

8 0= e * c 2
15 = ct-*(0'06)+ c2e+m(0'06)
-kfcp-n(0'06) ed * c2e+m(0'06)(+r)l- h(Is)

I nne.az)(4)1'''

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

,-n:t-l

L k(0.02)' J

4 Equations,4 unknownS,cL, c2, m, h.

Solve, and then evaluateq from Eq. (2-37) or (2-36) using Lc
2-93

L- 2.5cm

t - 1 . 5m m

k = 50

W
m. oC

7b= 200oC
L, = 0.025+ 0.00075 = 0.02575
emax= Q)(500X0.02595X20020)- 4635Wm
3.863x 10-5
Am=(0,0015X0.02575)-rl
(,^ \
^,^f
5OC

L,3rzt
Lc
+l
ln+",

|
=(o.azsl8y3rzl
#
loT)J
L(50x3.863x

T* = 20oC

h-500

=2.L

4f = 0'36
q - (0.36)(4635)= 1669w
2-94
L r = 3.57cm
t-L.4mm
[-3.5cm
-20)
= hAilo= (500X2X0.0357X150 - 4641w/m
emax
(
2h " l l 2 t12 = 4.068
=l
*LI
r'

\M*)

tanh(mLr) _
0 .246
rlf =
mL,

Qact- (A.246)(4641) 1140 Wm

4r

k: 55

Chapter2

2-95
k=43
T* =2OoC
(,{/2

ft=100
t =2 mm

=r.74

L,t''l+l
"

4=2.5cm rz=]$cm
lc = 5.1cm
4c =7.51cm

b-=3

L=5cm

=0.27

ef
,r
\.&4.)
q = 11
5t2 - o.ozszxt50- 20)
)(2)n(0.07
r2hn(r2"2 rr2)0o= (0.27X100
=l10.6W
2-96
rZ=3.5cm
L=2cm
/=1mm
=2.05
L,
cm
r2c=3.55cm

{=l.5cm
k=2ffi
/

1l/2

Lrt'tl
+l
" te{.
)

=o.4l

ft=80

fu-= 2.37 4,r= o.8l

,r

- 20)(0.s1)= 75.9W
q = ggn(0.03552- 0.0152X2X200
2-97
h=SO

k=20

=3r.62
^ =(!!\'/2 - f tsolzto.orxlllt''
\fr,A/
[ (20)z(0.01)'I
= 6.324
*7 = (O.2)(31.62)

e^L =557.8
e-^L =0.00179
ew =2362
e-^ =O.A423
2
0
=
3
O
=
5
0
0r
0 z= 1 0 0 - 2 0 = 8 0
Usingsolutionfrom Prob2-61
- (30)(557.8)l+(23.62X30X0.00179)
- 801
(0.0423X80
/,
s(.x=10
cm)=
0001?9L5?f
-704.46- 1888.33
-557.8
= 4.650C
T-2A+4.65=24.65oC

4+

Chapter2
2-98
k =386
L = 0.6cm
t = 0.625cm
=
f 0.3mm Lc = 0.6+ 0.015= 0.615cm
=1.71
rzc=0.625+0.615

h= 55

8" = l'24 =zo

11 0.625
t' ' 1l/2

5t
1ll2
=(o.oo6l5ft2l-l
Lcatzl
=0.134
-----'
+l
" (e4,
)'
L(386X0.0061sX0.0003)l

4f =a'95
e = rl 7,.A0s = (0.95X55
)x (2)(0.01?tt2- O.N6ZS,Xt OO- 20)= 3.012 w
2-99
t =2 cm
/

L,t''l+l
"

L=17 cm
11/2

=0.e3

k = 43

l c = 1 8c m

h=23

4r=o.il

\kil)
- 25)= 1sg6Wm
=
(0.64X2X23X0.18)(230
q
2-100
L=Scm
/

Lc=Scm

f=4mm

k=23

h=20

1l/2

=r.042 4f =0.68 4=nyfuos

Lrtrzl+l
" \k4)
A = (2X0.0
022
+ 0.0s2yrrz=
0.10008
;ft
- 40)= 217.8IV/m
q = (0.68X20X0.10008X200

2-101
f=1.0mm 4=l.27cm L=l.27cm Lc=l.32cm
h , c= 2 . 5 9c m

h= 56

k=204

, t' t z ( . = 4 l t " = o , 2 r g
\kA^ )

D'-=2.04
4r =0.93
4
-o.otz72x56)(125
- 30)= 15.84w
q = (0.93X2)n(0.02592

+5

rz=2.54cm

Chapter2

2-102
t =2 mm

rt=2.0cm

h=?.0

=!0.2
cm
rzc

Lc= 8'1cm

rz= 10'0cm L = 8 cm

.,U2

tt''lhJ

k=r7

=r'eo

tlf =0'19

b=5.L
11

-0.02\(2)(135- 15)= 28'7W

q = (0.19x20)n(0.t022
2-103
L=2.5cm /=l.lmm
/

r.]t2l
uc
[m'

il/2

=2.32

k=55

h=500

L"=2'555cm

4f =0.33

-20) =
q = (0.33X'Q.OZSSSX500X125 885flm

2-t04
f = 1.0mm
h=25
/

1l/2

Lltzl'l
4
Vq)

rzc=2'55cm
12=25 cm
rt=l'25cm
Lc=l3 cm
L= 1'25cm
k =?-O4

=0.?A9 4l=0.9t

- 30)= 4'94W
-0'01252X100
q = (0.gt)(2)Q5)tt(0.02s52
2-105
d=lcm
T* =2O

L=5 cm

h=20

k=0j8

Z 6= 1 8 0

d
Lc= L+t= t+O'25= 5'25cm

(ry\''=m=fryT =ror.3
\*a,/

J
L(o.zs)z(o.ol):

nLc = (101.3)(0.0525)= 5'317

= 1'0
tanh(5.317)

t"o- 2ox1'0)

=tryl"
mL,)
06tunhl
q=(hpt.o)u2
=0.993W

4G

Chapter2

2-106

A=lxlcm2

z=8cm

L.=g.5cm^=lryrl'' =31.62
Lt1,AJ

mI+ =2.6g8

r7,=6nh(YLr\ =0.369
"m4
- 50) = l4.ll W
4 = (0.369)(45X0.085)(4X0.01X300
2-107
/=l.Omm
T* =25"C

\=l.25cm
h=120

L c = 0 . a 1 2 +0 .0 0 0 5 =0 .0 1 2 5

L=l2mm
k =386
12"= z.O
r zc=O.AZ5

TO=2
750C
'

11

=1.25x l0-5
4- = (0.0125X0.0O1)
/

1l/2

-._f
rno
=(0.0125)3t21 rzv
- 1| l l 2 =0.22
Lcat2l+l
'
\e4. )
Ltgs0ltr.25xl0-))J
=o'93
4f
- o.otzsz)(z)(zts - 2s)= 82.12w
q = (0.93X
r20)n(0.02s2

z-roo
k=17
/

h=47
,

1l/2

Z=5cm

t=2.5cm

L"t''l
+l
"

= 0.657

4.r= 0.8

2-109
t = 1.5cm

L=2 cm

12=3.5cm

ft = 80

k = 204

Lc= 2.o5cm

2 c = 2 .3 7

e f =0 .7 g

Lr=6.25cm

\lA^ )
=
-20)=376 Wlm
q (0.8X47)(2)(0.0625X10o

rl

/ = I mm

Llt"
,rtrz(
\tA- )

- 0.0$2x200 -20)='74W
q - (0.79)(90x2)z(0.03552

41

kc =3.55cm
= 0.0,

Chapter2

2-110
rL=l'5cm

rz=4'5cm

k-204

L, = 3'05cm

4c = 4'55 cm

h-50

l-1'0mm

%-3
4,

4f=0'6

y-3tz(
uc l-1" = 0.78
V,e^l
5 0 - 7-6- -. 5 w
I
t--m ' oC
o.o3ot3
(0.?8)z

(0.001x0.0305)

2-lll

l-1.0mm

L-zJcm

ry=1'0cm
e,c=3.05cm

L, =2'A5cm

k-204

h-150
rzc3.05

ro = 150

ry

T* =20
150

u2

L,3rz(*)''' =(oozos) 204)(0.001x0.020

- 0.556

4f =o'75
- 20)= 76'3W
- O.Ot2xts0
4 = (0.75x150x2)z(0.0:052
2-ll2
ks=kr=l'l

ttd'
- ^5j
A=T =)'u( x10a -2
=0'00|{
AT=300oC
4

t!
=r.rx 1o{ m
2

kf = 0'035 Le = La = 7'5cm

--lf 1( ?o
'n'o"
\. 4A o,f=
' re,e86
#
+ks)
LsLatto :o:
J
1 =
=0 .098?"C/W
x
10--)
(19,986X5'067
hrA

q=

resistance
=!7.31w w/nocontact
ffi

(17X5.067x10*)

=fi.zzBW
,,^LT - o2g.o6rylo-4x3oo)
q=A;=T-

ar?

2
Chapter
z-tj4

&^=#,=+=2.4sxlo-5& =+=o.88xtoa
hrA
= (2)(2.45x10-5)+0.88+104 = l'37 xloa
Iqu
^nI . = #(8OX0.8Sxlo4)
L
=51.4=C
'
1.37x 102-115
L=0' 0125

ri =0 .0 !2 5

r = 1 x 1 0-3

rzc=0.0255

?=r.Y

/,1t2

,t,r[ -4 I'- = 0.322

Lc= 0' 0130

m2
Ar/'=(0.001X0.0130)=1'3x10-5
] = 0.ssx toa

4I = o.86

To= 200oc

T- =20oC

I
&,n=ffim=29e7 oclw

n" =l
o' =

oqw
=r.t?-o1

h"A
0o

= 43.72w

! 6 o +{t
0o =60.06
W
o -=
Rno

w/o contactresistance

7oReduction-6o'W--!?'72 x1oovs=27.2vo
60.06

2-116

l=o.qxloa

4=3oomw

4=o.5cm2

hc

Assurnefrn at27"C

q = (3ooxto-3)=

#(0.s)(10-4)

(r, -27)

Tt =T7'54"C

+9

CrEftr2
2-ll1
2L--Ncm=O.2m

ft=

L=50"C

- 5OX2)
= 40,0fi)w|tt = 2td4u-L) = (a(X)XT,
q<Ztl= (2 x105X-0.2)

Tto = lfl)oC

_
Tn_L,_qt
w
v
2k

7b= l5o"c

(zxtosxo.t)2
=Sooc
Q)(n\

z-irCI
I

iL heatgenerated,max temperatureat insulatedsurfacewhich is the sameasin

tl4
Problem2-t*1.
2-ll9
Lc=4.O3+0.001=0.031 k=?I4

nI"=rc.$.,ot2l
,r,r(
"

h=22.O

=0.715

L(2MX0.031X0.002)J
\k4 )
=o'69
4f
- O.$\(2X22O)(L2O
- 20)- 26sW
Q= 47M0s = (o.69)n(O.MP

z-tzo
/,"=0.00gk=?I4+
m."C
sr,r( n

'lt"

h=45+
mt.oc

=(0.008)3/2f (45x2)

T ='.rre

l.4_ )
L(204X0.008X0.002)J
=o'97
4f
q = (2r(o.97x0.0082
+ 0.0012
f/2 $s)(zw - 25)= 1v.2 Wm

$o

Chapter2

2-t2r
\ = 1 . 2 5 cm

Lc=l.lcm

?4= t . g g
h=5O

rz=2 .2 5c m

w
- *. ,o C

mo

I = 2.0m m

T*=20oC

t=l30oc

k=2M

r z, =2.35cm

W
m.oc

L of tube= 1.0m
barelength= 1.0- (100X0.002)
= 0.g m

1,3/z(*)'''

= (o.oI s3rz

50

Lt2

(204X0.
aoz
x0.011

- 0. 122

4f =a'95
q(100
fins)- (100x2x0.95)n(o.023s2
_o.otzs2;1so;1rao
_2a)=1869
W

q(barctube)= (50)z(0.025X0.8X1S0
-20\ =503 W
q(total)= 1869+503=2372W
2-122

w
o -=lp' {aAl iT
q
m.oC
A - ( 1 . 7 - 1 . 5c)m= * = 0 . 0 0 2^ , l ^
100
k-loo

Ax = circumferenceat r = I .6 cm for y
4

Ar = (2Xt.O>(
'\4
4) = Z.St3cm= 0.025t3
)
o'0"t1.=
- o. l256oc-l
R Y-=
ta (100x0.002)
q --19-=3e8
Wm
L 0.1256

,t

Chapter2

2-123

y
k -386

r-0.01 at .r=0
r=O.OZ at x=0.04

r=ax*b

m.oC

0 . 0 1 =b
a=0.25
0.O2=(0.04)a+0.01
r =0.25x+0.01
A = 2zrr(0.0005)

q = -k2x(o.25
x +0.01X0.000
5)+
'dx

a*

lo'*
Jo

= l -zrrtto.ooosl4l

0.25x+0.01 J

* o.ot = 2.77
r=6f (o.zsltq.qll
{ = L2r3Lr
3= 2n(386)(o.ooog
=
=
I
q
q
0.0r
0.2s
L

AT
R - 2.287
2.287
300 q131.W
2
For LT = 300"C
2.287
q=

6L

Chapter2

2-r24
Tubedi=1.25cm - 12.5mm
Tinside= l0OoC
thk = Q.8mm
-20"C
=14-l
do
mm
T*
=
Fins: T 0.3mm
L = 3 mm
Lc =3+ 0.15= 3.15mm
i=6.25+0.8=7.05mm
h,c=7.O5+3.15=10.20mm

k=386 w

h=50 y
m'.oC

No. of fins =

m.oC

= 50 for 30cm length

50

= (o.oo3
$7312

1,3'|2(*)'''

1rt2

= o'0654

(386X0.00315x0.0003)
J

-hn
z c _ - -10.2
'_1.M7

4f = o'98
ry 7.05
&ru" _ln(14.UI2.5)
= 4.97x l0-5

4*nu = 0.4515
(50)n(0.0l4l)
L

2n(386)

&onu

Rfin
For 6 rnm length
I*u" - 6-0.3 - 5.7 mm
4.97 x l0-s

AT

enn=
fr

= (0.98X50)
-0.007a52)Ar= 0.0t67zLT
(2n)(0.01o22

&n =59"18
&verall= 8.72xl0-3 *

q' - tyr#

=ffi =79-2
&oon

=8-72x10{

4,uu"=b

34.07

= 34.07

M-m
= 2 -348
w/ 6rnmlength

For 30 cm length

q-(2.348{ry)=
rr7.4w
'\6)
For I m length
1\
q - ( 11 7 .' 4\ *' (

R-1oo-20=0.6814
LL7.4

)=3e2w

,7

Chaptcr
2
2-125
For 6 mmlengthtotalsurfacearea
= Auue+ Afin= tv(0.0141x0.0057)
-0.007052)
+ (2)z(0.01022
= 5.939x10{m2

wl^z
1=
==?!o?===3e53
A 5.939
x 10AT
R - value

loo - 20 =
R- valueo.o2ol
3953
2-126

k-204 w

m.oC
4f = 0'96
For 6 mm length

L,3tz(
+'lt"
\k4")

=(0.0
6sq(*')t"
\
' \ 2 0 4 ) =0,0e

&uue=$'72x10-3
&onu= 79'2

'\0.961=61.03
&n -(se.?q(Y.)
-r+#=3417
I
'
&verall=$'72x10-3

q:

100-20

A 4A
=2.32
W/ 6 mm length

34A.For 30 cm length

q=(:,;z{ry)=t16w
'\6)
R-1oo-20=0.6896
116
For1 m lensth q-(11r,(*)

= 387w

2-121

- = ot
?'t'^===3906
V-2
'
A 5.939x10*
R-value

g-=

110- 20 =
R- valueo.o2o5
3906

f+

Chapter2

2-r28
f t = 1 0 0+ t

d=2mm

k=r6 +

o = c r e - ^* c 2 e w

m' .oC

m.oC

T * = 2 O o C ? b= l 0 0 o c L = l 0 c m

=l l r.8
* =(Y\t" =f (too)o(o'ooz)1'''

\ta)
L(16)z(0.001)'J
0 = 1 0 0- 2 O =8 0a t x = 0 a n dx = 0 . 1
80=ctfcz
80 = 1.395x l0-5c1*71,682c2
ct =79.999 cz =l.ll7 x l0-3
q -^lhPkAf-rp-* +c2ewl

= [(100)zr(0.002)(16)a(0.00t)2Jll2
= 5.62x t0-3
"lM,
qo = -(5.62x tO-3X-zg.ggg+ t.l2x tO-3)= 0.45W = -e r
(2X0.45)= 0.9 W
Qtotat=
2-129
T-=20oC

lr=100+-

k=16

m'.oC

W
m-oC

d=Zmm

To= 100oC
0=cle-w +e2ew
For verylongrod c2=0
Acts like two long rods l00oC on eachend
- 20)=0.9 rlv
q =2"lhplailo = (2)t(100)z(0.002X16)z(0.001)2lrl2(100
2-130
A = (0.017- 0.0l5xl) = 0.002^21^ depth

L =3ooc ro=loo"c

ft=loo+
m'oC

h=75+
m'

Tz= 5o"c

y=4p.ol6) = g.g2513
-

'oC

4'
-T*
0 =T
cl-* + c2ew

=2t.3s
m-(!!\''' =(r\t/2 =[ tzttzsl 1tt2
\tA)

\kt )

mL = 0.6882
1 0 0 - 3 0= c r * c z

LI100X0.OO2)J

50 - 30 = cF-0-6882* c2e0.6882

trf

Chapter2

*'

q=80.2

cz=-10.2

ex=-kAm(-"p-* +c2emx)
= 495W
ex=o= -(100X0.002)(27.39)(-80.2-10.2)
-(l
=
00X0.002)(27
.39)t-(80.2X0.5024)- (r0.2xl .99)l= 332 W
Qx=L
4netlost= 495- 332= 163 flm dePth
2-L3l

I = 3.0mm k=204+
m'oC

h=50+
m''oc

'kel^3
rp =2707

Take L =2 cm
Rect.Fin
Lc =2+ 0.15= 2.15cm

to
,.trz(.h )t" = rc.02r5\3t2f
lttz=o.rs43
'-.----'
" (.hq,)
L(204x0.003x0.0215)J

4f =o'96
Aurr= (2)Lc=0.043

For sameweight .{,, = s6"

= lZ(t iung)
t(0.0215)
2
L(triang)= 0.043
( tiang)L"3t'(+\'''
"

4,r= o.g5
A- 4*r4S

= 0.54e6

\k4' )

= 2(4.32+ 0.1521rt2
= 8.6= 0.086m2
.4.*a(triang)
= 0.0731
Aud4(triangle)= (0.086X0.85)
=
=
.4.u64(rect) (0.043X0.96) 0.04I 3
Trianglefin producesmorcheattransferfor givenweight.

5a

Chaptcr
2
2-t32

rr= 1.0

rz=2.0cm h=160
+
m" 'oc

l.o mm Fin
It = 1.05cm

2
t:,r(*)''' =(o.o
ros)3/
t,ffi
=

k =204+

m'oc

=0.2s4
f'''

4,r 0.88

- O,o
q= (6)(r6fDx
P) er(AD(o.
88)= t,7AT
e.o?.052
20-un-Fin
Lc=!.rcm

4trz(Llt"=o.zrs
'
\f=0.s2
\kAn )
-o.oP)erur(0.s2)=
q=(3)(rffi)n(o.o2f
0.e5Ar

3.0mm Fin

tt ,

l,c= l.t5cm

1l/2

= 0.186
L"3tz1+l
'\k4)

ttf=095

q = (2)(r 6lvt (O.On 52- O.O

P )Q)A7(0.95)= 0.69LT
Conclusion:Severalthin fins arebetterthan a few thick fins. More heattrangfer
for thc sameweightof fins.
2-133
L= 5 cm

d =2 , 5 , 1 0mm

k=?.04+

m.oc

T- = 20oC

h= 4A

ffi

To=2ff.oc
-- -L"=t+4
c -'4
v

2 mmpin
I+ = 5+ 0.05= 5.05cm= 0.0505m

=(y\'''=[--t+x+ol--'lt't=Ls.g
*=(Y\t'' =( o,1'],t"
\tA)
\tcd)
\*ot )
= 1.9
rnL"= (19.8X0.0505)

L(204X0.002)J

fl' =tanh(mLt) = 0.762

ffiL,

- 20)= I .74 W
q = (0.762)(40)n(0.002X0.0505X200
5-mmpin
L, = 5+0.125cm=0.05125
m
m=12,52 mL,=0.6419
fl-tanh(mLt)=o,gg2
,
ffiL,

51

Chapter2

- 20)= 5.I I W
125X200
q =(0.882)(40)n(0.005x0.05
10mmpin
L, -- 5+ 0.25cm = 0,0525m
1vy6(mL)=A.934
Q' =
mL,

m=8.856

mL, =0,46495

- 2q = 11,09w
q =(0.934)(4$rf(0.01x0.0525)(200
d(mrn)

10

q (w)

d(mm)

:t

(Perweight)

L,74

0,87

0,435

5.11

L,022

0.2044

11.09

1 .1 0 9

0.1109

Smallerpinsproducemoreheattransferperunit weight'
Cgnclusiga;
2-134\
at endof Problemz-Ln'
t}aeg$Sgtu$igg
2-137
vendormust
once an insulationmaterialis selectedfor this problema commercial
the.
in
Pioblgm
Ueconsuttedto determinethe cost,asno cost figures ary-$ven
with
material
forthe
Aetermined
Ue
to
have
also
will
rtutrn1"nt.Cost figures
an
;;A;ti"r coatinglryhen the reflectivematerialis installedit may have
become
or
oxidize
may
surface
rntisi"iiyofO.f] bugaftera periodof time the
casethe
iltA with foreign mattef sdctrthat its emissivitywill increase.In that
economicbenefiiof the coatedmaterialwill be reduced.
2-138
For this problem,the net heatgenerarcdin the tube will bt tqqlg^It^P*:.1"n
at:n:
will be detiveredto the fluid by convection.The temperaturegradiery
llulc ls on
the
whethef
state
not
does
,utror of the tube will be zero.The problem
casethe
eithpr
In
examined.
the outsideor insiOeof the tube so b6th casesmustbe
the
effect
To
maximumtube tempefatufewill occur at the insulatedsurface'
*igftt fi,rt assumea surfacetgmperyturefor the tube surfacein contact
;ild;;;
of
with the fluid. This will thendeterminethe surfacearea.Suitablecombinations
to equalthe total surfacearea'
t JU"f"ngtft and diameiermaythen-be-examined
for the
fh; trea;t;"t"tion .quuiiori fot a hollow gylil*t may thenbe solved
(i'e"
othertube surfacet"tp"tututt if a tube wali thicknessis assumed
mustbe
egt"Ufi.ftingthe otheriiameter)' The resultantvalueof temperature

i.r., torilnffi.
reasonable,

whichwill
therearemanycombinations
ounioosrv,

be satisfactorY.

5a

2-145
d'T/d*2-(eoP/kA)(To- T,) - o
Boundaryconditions:
B a s eT
: -0atx:0
Tip: -kA(dT/dx)*: L : oeA(T4=L- Tro)
2-146
Insulatedtip: dT/dx - 0 at x - L
Very long fin: T -+ T* asx -+ @

2-147
SetT, : 0 in differentialequations

5?