Finish Line & Beyond

Data Handling

1. Data mostly available to us in an unorganised form is called raw data.

2. In order to draw meaningful inferences from any data, we need to organise the
data systematically.
3. Frequency gives the number of times that a particular entry occurs.
4. Raw data can be ‘grouped’ and presented systematically through ‘grouped fre-
quency distribution’.
5. Grouped data can be presented using histogram. Histogram is a type of bar dia-
gram, where the class intervals are shown on the horizontal axis and the heights of
the bars show the frequency of the class interval. Also, there is no gap between the
bars as there is no gap between the class intervals.
6. Data can also presented using circle graph or pie chart.A circle graph shows the
relationship between a whole and its part.
7. There are certain experiments whose outcomes have an equal chance of occur-
ring.
8. Arandom experiment is one whose outcome cannot be predicted exactly in ad-
vance.
9. Outcomes of an experiment are equally likely if each has the same chance of oc-
curring.
10. Probability of an event =
Number of outcomes that make an event
, when the outcomes are equally likely.
Total number of outcomes of the experiment
11. One or more outcomes of an experiment make an event.
12. Chances and probability are related to real life.

Exercise 1

1. For which of these would you use a histogram to show the data?
(a) The number of letters for different areas in a postman’s bag.
(b) The height of competitors in an athletics meet.
(c) The number of cassettes produced by 5 companies.
(d) The number of passengers boarding trains from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. at a
station.
Give reasons for each.

Answer: Data in (b) and (d) can be represented using a histogram. These data can
be arranged in class intervals. This is what is required to depict a histogram. There
should be no gap between two bars.

2. The shoppers who come to a departmental store are marked as: man (M),
woman (W), boy (B) or girl (G). The following list gives the shoppers who
came during the first hour in the morning:

WWWGBWWMGGMMWWWWGBMWBGGMWWMMWW
WMWBWGMWWWWGWMMWWMWGWMGWMMBGGW
Make a frequency distribution table using tally marks. Draw a bar graph to illustrate
it.

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Answer:

Shopper Tally Marks Number

M 15
W 28
III
B 5
G 12
II

3. The weekly wages (in Rs) of 30 workers in a factory are.

830, 835, 890, 810, 835, 836, 869, 845, 898, 890, 820, 860, 832, 833, 855, 845,
804, 808, 812, 840, 885, 835, 835, 836, 878, 840, 868, 890, 806, 840
Using tally marks make a frequency table with intervals as 800–810, 810–820 and
so on.

Answer:

Interval Tally Marks Total

800-810 III 3
810-820 II 2
820-830 I 1
830-840 9
IIII
840-850 5
850-860 I 1
860-870 III 3
870-880 I 1
880-890 I 1
890-900 IIII 4

4. Draw a histogram for the frequency table made for the data in Question
3, and answer the following questions.
(i) Which group has the maximum number of workers?
(ii) How many workers earn Rs 850 and more?
(iii) How many workers earn less than Rs 850?

Answer:

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10

9
8
7
6
5
Total
4
3
2
1
0
800-810 810-820 820-830 830-840 840-850 850-860 860-870 870-880 880-890 890-900

(i) The group earning Rs. 830-840 per week is having the most number of workers.
(ii) 10 workers are earning Rs. 850 or more.
(iii) 20 workers are earning less than Rs. 850.
5. The number of hours for which students of a particular class watched
television during holidays is shown through the given graph.
Answer the following.
(i) For how many hours did the maximum number of students watch TV?
(ii) How many students watched TV for less than 4 hours?
(iii) How many students spent more than 5 hours in watching TV?

35
32

30

25
22

20

Students
15

10 8 8
6
4
5

0
1—2 2—3 3—4 4—5 5—6 6—7

Answer: (i) Most of the students watched TV for 4 to 6 hours.

(ii) 34 students watched TV for less than 4 hours.
(iii) 14 students watch TV for more than 5 hours

Exercise 2

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 Finish Line & Beyond

1. A survey was made to find the type of music that a certain group of young people
liked in a city. Adjoining pie chart shows the findings of this survey.

Music Lovers

20.00%

40.00% Semi Classical

Classical
10.00% Folk
Light

30.00%

From this pie chart answer the following:

(i) If 20 people liked classical music, how many young people were surveyed?

Answer:  When 10 people liked classical music, number of people surveyed is 100
100
∴ When 1 person liked the classical music, number of people surveyed is
10
∴ When 20 people like the classical music, number of people surveyed =
100
× 20 = 200
10
(ii) Which type of music is liked by the maximum number of people?

Answer: Light music is liked by maximum number of people.

(iii) If a cassette company were to make 1000 CD’s, how many of each type would
they make?

Answer: Number of CD’s for different music

Semi Classical = 1000 × 20% = 200
Classical = 1000 × 10% = 100
Folk = 1000 × 30% = 300
Light = 1000 × 40% = 400

2. A group of 360 people were asked to vote for their favourite season from the
three seasons rainy, winter and summer.

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Season No. of Votes

Summer 90
Rainy 120
Winter 150

(i) Which season got the most votes?

(ii) Find the central angle of each sector.
(iii) Draw a pie chart to show this information.

Answer: (i) Winter got the most number of votes.

(ii) Central Angle can be calculated as follows:

Seasons Number of Votes

× 360°
Total Votes
90
Summer’s Central Angle = × 360° = 90°
360
120
Rainy’s Central Angle = × 360° = 120°
360
150
Winter’s Central Angle = × 360° = 150°
360

(iii) Pie Chart is as follows:

Favourite Season

25%

42% Summer
Rainy
Winter

33%

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3. Draw a pie chart showing the following information. The table shows the colours
preferred by a group of people.

Colours Number of People

Blue 18
Green 9
Red 6
Yellow 3
Total 36

Calculate respective proportion of each colour and use that proportion to find the
central angle.

Answer: Following is the required pie chart:

Favourite Colour

25%

Blue
Red
Yellow
50%
Green
8%

17%

18 1
Proportion of Blue = =
36 2
1
So, Central Angle for Blue = 360° × = 180°
2
6 1
Proportion of Red = =
36 6
1
So, Central Angle for Red = 360° × = 60°
6
3 1
Proportion of Yellow = =
36 12
1
So, Central Angle for Yellow = 360° × = 30°
12

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9 1
Proportion of Green = =
36 4
1
So, Central Angle for Green = 360° × = 90°
4
4. The adjoining pie chart gives the marks scored in an examination by a
student in Hindi, English, Mathematics, Social Science and Science. If the
total marks obtained by the students were 540, answer the following ques-
tions. All values are shown in degrees.

Marks Scored

65
90
Hindi
English
Math
Social
Science
80
Science
55

70

(i) In which subject did the student score 105 marks?

105
Central Angle = × 360° = 70°
540
In the pie chart 70° is the angle for Math, so the student scored 105 marks in math.

(ii) How many more marks were obtained by the student in Mathematics
than in Hindi?

The difference in central angle between Math and Hindi = 90°-70°=20°

20°
So, Difference in Scores in Hindi And Math = × 540 = 30
360°
(iii) Examine whether the sum of the marks obtained in Social Science and
Mathematics is more than that in Science and Hindi.

Answer: Total of Angles of Social Science and Math = 80°+70°=150°

Total of Angles of Science and Hindi = 65°+90°=155°
It is clear that sum of marks obtained in Social Science and Math is less than that in
Science and Hindi.

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5. The number of students in a hostel, speaking different languages is given

below. Display the data in a pie chart.

Language Hindi English Marathi Tamil Bengali Total

Number of 40 12 9 7 4 72
Students

Answer:

Language Spoken
4
7

Hindi
English
9 Marathi
Tamil
40 Bengali

12

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Exercise 3
1. List the outcomes you can see in these experiments.
(a) Spinning a wheel

Answer: The List of Events is as follows: A, B, C, D

(b) Tossing two coins together

Answer: There will be following combinations of Head and Tail if two coins are
tossed together:

HH, HT, TH, TT

2. When a die is thrown, list the outcomes of an event of getting

(i) (a) a prime number (b) not a prime number.
(ii) (a) a number greater than 5 (b) a number not greater than 5.

Answer: List of events when a die is thrown:

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

(i) List of Prime Numbers: 2, 3, 5

(ii) List of Non-prime numbers: 1, 4, 6
(iii) List of Number >5: 6
(iv) List of Number Not greater than 5: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

3. Find the.
(a) Probability of the pointer stopping on D in (Question 1-(a))?

Answer: Total number of events = 5

No. of favourable outcome = 1

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1
So, probability of favourable outcome =
5

(b) Probability of getting an ace from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards?

Answer: Total Number of events = 52

Number of Favourable outcomes = 4 (because there are 4 aces in a pack of cards)
4 1
Probability of favourable outcome: =
52 13
(c) Probability of getting a red candies. (See figure below)

Answer: Total number of events= 7

Number of Favourable outcomes = 4
4
Probability of favourable outcomes =
7
4. Numbers 1 to 10 are written on ten separate slips (one number on one
slip), kept in a box and mixed well. One slip is chosen from the box without
looking into it. What is the probability of .
(i) getting a number 6?
(ii) getting a number less than 6?
(iii) getting a number greater than 6?
(iv) getting a 1-digit number?

Answer: Total number of events = 10

Number of favourable events for getting number 6 = 1
1
Probability of getting number 6 =
10
Number of favourable outcomes for getting a number less than 6 = 5
5 1
Probability of getting a number less than 6 = =
10 2
4 2
Probability of getting a number greater than 6 = =
10 5
9
Probability of getting a 1-digit number =
10

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5. If you have a spinning wheel with 3 green sectors, 1 blue sector and 1
red sector, what is the probability of getting a green sector? What is the
probability of getting a non blue sector?

Answer: Total number of events = 5

3
Probability of getting green =
5
1
Probability of Getting Blue =
5
1 5− 1 4
So, probability of getting non-Blue = 1 − = =
5 5 5
6. Find the probabilities of the events given in Question
3 1
(i) Probability of getting prime numbers= =
6 2
3 1
(ii) Probability of getting non-prime numbers= =
6 2
1
(iii) Probability of getting a number greater than 5 =
6
5
(iv) Probability of getting a number not greater than 5 =
6

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