Honors Chemistry

Name Shuen Shuen Tan Period 3

U n i t 2 : M o l e C o n c e p t

Hydrated Compound Lab

Have you ever wondered what those little packets o chemicals are that usually comes with a new pair o shoes! "hen you unpack a new C# player$ television$ or a %ottle o medicine$ the container usually contains one or more packets o desiccant& The packet a%sor%s moisture in the air so that the e'uipment will not %e dama(ed& The chemical inside the packet contains a type o salt that has the a%ility to %ind water molecules within their lattice structure& These compounds are known as hydrate crystals& )n this la%$ you will %e dehydratin( a chemical hydrate and determine the amount o water that will %e evaporated away and the anhydrous salt that will %e le t over& Create a data ta%le to or(ani*e the data: "ei(ht "ei(ht "ei(ht "ei(ht o o o o cruci%le cruci%le with salt cruci%le a ter +st heatin( cruci%le a ter 2nd heatin( Mass +,&-.( 2-&/0( +&-1( +&-/(

"hat is the mass o the ionic compound without water 2also called the anhydrous compound3! How many moles is this! Mass o Cruci%le with hydrated salt42-&/0( Mass o Cruci%le with dehydrated salt4+1&03( Mass o Cruci%le4 +,&-.( Mass o dehydrated salt4+&/0( "hat is Mass o Mass o Mass o the mass o the water heated away! How many moles is this! dehydrated salt4+&/0( hydrated salt42&51( water heated away4-&13(

"hat is the mole ratio o the ionic compound to the water! H26 moles 4 227+&-+382+0&--34+,&-2( CoCl2 moles 4 2/,&13382573/&5/342--&.3 2--&.3 moles o CoCl2 to +,&-2 moles o H26 "hat is the ormula o the reactant hydrate compound! CoCl2 "hat is the name o this compound! Cobalt (II) Chloride

Part 2: Lab 9ou will %e (iven a hydrated compound %y your teacher$ however the num%er o water molecules in the hydrated compound is missin( rom the la%el& 9our :o% is to determine the ormula o the hydrated compound %y determinin( the num%er o water molecules that attach to a ormula unit& Then state the ormula o the hydrated compound and name this compound& Calculations: ; Show all work o how to determine the ormula o the hydrated compound& ; CuS657/H268Heat4CuS658/H26 ; <esearch the correct answer online 2make sure to include the re erence o where you ound it&

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http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/1857 !calcuations!h"drated!copper!ii!sulfate/
#etermine the = error o your la% or the >?@ Aor H26: 22/;.+3B/37+--=4+32-= error Aor CuS65: 2+;5&+++7+-C2+37+--=45&+++7+-C23= error

H26 moles 4 +,&-2(Bmol CuS65 moles 4 203&//38232&-.38257+034+/1&02(Bmol + mole o hydrated salt 4 +..&05(Bmol Mass o hydrated salt 4 2&51( 2DB2&51(372+,&-2(B+..&05(34+..&05D455&,01, D4-&2/2/,, +,&-2B-&2/2/,,4.+&25+54 .+ molecules o H26 in the salt

(1.# $/15 .%2$)&%.#2&1#'2()*.111&1#'2( molecules of Cu+, *

Discussion Questions: Make sure to address the ollowin( 'uestions in your discussion section: "ould the error cause your ratio to increase or decrease! +& "hat was the actual ratio you o%tained 2with all si(ni icant di(its3! "hat was your rounded ratio to whole num%ers! )s your actual ratio hi(her or lower than the rounded ratio! <esearch what the actual ratio should %e& )s your answer too hi(h or too low! "hat is the percent error! The actual ratio that we o%tained was .+ molecules o H 26 to 5&+++7+-C23 molecules o CuS65& <ounded to whole num%ers$ this is .+ molecules o H 26 to 5&7+-C23 molecules o CuS65& 6ur actual ratio is hi(her than the rounded ratio& The actual ratio should %e ive molecules o water to one molecule o copper sul ate& 6ur answer is way too hi(h& The percent error or the water was +32-= error and the percent error or the CuS65 was 5&+++7+-C23= error& 2& How would your ratio chan(e i you did not dehydrate the compound ully! If we didn-t deh"drate the compound full". then there wouldn-t be enou$h of the Cu+, * and there would be too much of the / 2,. 0his would be because not all of the /2, would ha1e left the salt so there still would ha1e been some in there. 0his would ha1e decreased the amount of Cu+,* that we thou$ht was in there. 3& Suppose some o the compound ell out o the test tu%e %e ore heatin( %ut a ter massin(& How would that chan(e your ratio! 0his would chan$e the ratio because then we would thin2 that there would be more of the substance then there actuall" was. 0his would cause an error in our answer because then the ratio would be smaller than what it actuall" was because we would thin2 that more water e1aporated then it actuall" did so there would be more water to compound in our final ratio. 5& How would your ratio chan(e i the test tu%e was wet when the hydrated compound was added to it at the %e(innin( o the eDperiment! 0his would chan$e the ratio because then there would be more water that was e1aporated than there was if there hadn-t been an" water in the test tube. 3e would then thin2 that more water had been e1aporated so our ratio would be off because there would be too much water in our ratio. /& How would your ratio relate to another (roupEs who used the same compound$ i you used 2&- (rams and they used 2&/(rams! If we used different amounts of the same compound. the ratio would be different because the" would $et a hi$her ratio. 0hat is because there would be more of the molecules in their ratio so it would be bi$$er. 0& Su((est what mi(ht happen i you le t the anhydrous compound to sit overni(ht %e ore wei(hin( it or your data!

0his would chan$e the ratio because then. some of the water would e1aporate o1erni$ht. 0his would cause there to be less water in our ratio then there was actuall" supposed to be. 0his would cause the ratio in our final answer to be wron$.
.& ) you could improve this la%$ what you do di erently and why! #iscuss at least three easi%le improvements and why with re erence to the other discussion 'uestions and errors& 2Note: relate this to F+ and the answers or the other 'uestions3& ,ne wa" this lab could ha1e been impro1ed was if we had left the copper sulfate o1er the heat source for a lon$er amount of time. 0his could ha1e impro1ed the lab because then there mi$ht ha1e still been 4nother impro1ement could ha1e been if we had measured a certain amount of Cu+,* because then. this would ha1e made the calculations easier so that there would ha1e been less opportunit" to mess up durin$ the calculations. 4 final impro1ement would be to ha1e made sure that the crucible was dr" when we put the salt in. 0his would ha1e impro1ed our lab because then we would ha1e $otten a more accurate result on how much water was e1aporated. Conclusion Statement: "rite a one to two sentence statement to conclude what you did in your la%$ what was your actual and how did it compare to your theoretical& 3e measureds the amount of water in Cu+, *. and then did calculations to see how man" molecules of each were in the solution. 5or our lab. we $ot 71 molecules of / 2, to *.111&1#'2( molecules of Cu+,* but the actual ratio are 5 molecules of water to 1 molecule of Cu+, *.