Fracture Mechanics Lab Class 3

THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE
THE SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
FRACTURE MECHANICS
LAB CLASS 3
Mason Said
A1192868
2013
Unstable crack growth velocity in PMMA

Methodology and Results
1. Calibration of grid
Using the grid image captured at the beginning of the experiment, the image was imported into
MATLAB in order to measure the x distance of the grid in pixels.
The MATLAB code used is as follows:
A=imread('calibration_0.jpg');
image(A)
[X,Y]=ginput(2)
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Figure 1: Calibration grid
Note: x and y axes are in pixels.

X =
1.0e+002 *
0.619377880184332
5.084262672811059
400
450
500
Therefore, the x distance measured over 7 squares is:
Since the actual distance of 1 square is 5 mm, then the calibration factor for each pixel is:
2. Measuring crack length distance

Using the MATLAB code above, the crack lengths for each image were measured and recorded.
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Figure 2: Test specimen at the first time interval
450
500
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
450
500
Figure 3: Test specimen at the 7th time interval
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Figure 4: Test specimen at the 35th time interval (final interval)
The crack lengths were then calibrated to actual real-life values in millimetres.
3. Calculating crack path velocities

The crack length distances were then recorded in increments. The differences (or increments) in
crack length distances were divided by a time interval of 0.0001 seconds, thus producing the crack
path velocity values for each increment in millimetres per second. The crack path velocity is the
slope of the curve in the crack length distance vs time plot.
Table 1: Results of the crack length distances and the crack path velocities over each interval
x-distance
(pixels)
0
4.99
188.15
200.12
206.61
208.61
214.6
217.59
221.08
222.08
224.58
224.58
224.58
224.58
224.58
225.58
228.07
228.07
231.07
232.56
232.56
232.56
233.06
233.06
233.06
233.06
234.06
234.06
234.06
234.06
Crack path distance after

calibration factor (mm)
0
0.391216
14.75096
15.68941
16.19822
16.35502
16.82464
17.05906
17.33267
17.41107
17.60707
17.60707
17.60707
17.60707
17.60707
17.68547
17.88069
17.88069
18.11589
18.2327
18.2327
18.2327
18.2719
18.2719
18.2719
18.2719
18.3503
18.3503
18.3503
18.3503
Crack path distance

increments (mm)
0
0.391216
14.35974
0.938448
0.508816
0.1568
0.469616
0.234416
0.273616
0.0784
0.196
0
0
0
0
0.0784
0.195216
0
0.2352
0.116816
0
0
0.0392
0
0
0
0.0784
0
0
0
Crack path
velocity (mm/s)
0
3912.16
143597.4
9384.48
5088.16
1568
4696.16
2344.16
2736.16
784
1960
0
0
0
0
784
1952.16
0
2352
1168.16
0
0
392
0
0
0
784
0
0
0
Time
(seconds)
0.0001
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0007
0.0008
0.0009
0.001
0.0011
0.0012
0.0013
0.0014
0.0015
0.0016
0.0017
0.0018
0.0019
0.002
0.0021
0.0022
0.0023
0.0024
0.0025
0.0026
0.0027
0.0028
0.0029
0.003
235.06
236.56
236.56
239.46
246.76
18.4287
18.5463
18.5463
18.77366
19.34598
0.0784
0.1176
0
0.22736
0.57232
784
1176
0
2273.6
5723.2
0.0031
0.0032
0.0033
0.0034
0.0035
Crack length
Crack path distance (mm)
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
15
-5
20
25
30
35
40
35
40
Time (in seconds)

Series1
Figure 5: Crack path distance vs time of fractured specimen
Crack Path Velocity

Crack Path Velocity (mm/s)
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
-20000 0
10
15
20
25
30
Time * 0.0001 (seconds)

Series1
Figure 6: Crack path velocities vs time of fractured specimen
Analysis
The PMMA experiences a very high mode 1 load, where the specimen fractures at the crack tip. The
PMMA specimen shows a rapid crack growth over a time interval of 1/10000 of a second, at the
0.0003 second interval. The specimen suffered a dynamic fracture, where the static loading created
from the heavy weight rig forced the specimen to exceed its dynamic fracture initiation toughness,
thus resulting in a rapid crack growth after initiation. Since a majority of the crack path velocities are
recorded over 500 mm/sec, then the rapid crack propagation is a result of unstable crack growth.

Fracture Mechanics Lab Class 3

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THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE

THE SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Unstable crack growth velocity in PMMA

Figure 1: Calibration grid

Note: x and y axes are in pixels.

Therefore, the x distance measured over 7 squares is:

2. Measuring crack length distance

Figure 2: Test specimen at the first time interval

Figure 3: Test specimen at the 7th time interval

Figure 4: Test specimen at the 35th time interval (final interval)

3. Calculating crack path velocities

Crack path distance after

Crack path distance

Time (in seconds)

Figure 5: Crack path distance vs time of fractured specimen

Crack Path Velocity

Time * 0.0001 (seconds)

Figure 6: Crack path velocities vs time of fractured specimen

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