Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering MTF1B Thermofluid Mechanics 1

Semester 2 Exam 2 hours

Instructions: Answer any four questions All questions carry equal marks (25) This is an open book exam Students may bring in their lecture notes Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Fluids by Rogers and Mayhew. Casio FX 85 Series or Casio FX 83 Series

Additional Information:

Provided:

Calculators:

Examiners:

Mr John Foster

External Examiner:

Eur Ing Dr Rossitza Setchi

Question one: One kg of steam at a pressure of 20 bar and a temperature of 300 0C is expanded, reversibly following pV1.2 = constant, behind a piston in a cylinder, until the pressure is 2 bar Calculate: the final state of the steam (temperature if superheated and dryness fraction if wet) [10 marks] (ii) the work transfer, [6 marks] (iii) the heat transfer. [9 marks] (i)

Question two: Air at a pressure of 1MPa and a temperature of 400 0C is expanded reversibly in a horizontal adiabatic nozzle until the pressure is 100 kPa. The inlet velocity is 25 m/s and the inlet cross sectional area is 0.04 m2 Calculate: (i) the mass flow rate, (ii) the exit temperature, (iii) the exit velocity, [10marks] [6 marks] [9 marks]

For this process use cp = 1150

J kg K

= 1.33 and R = 287

J kgK

Question three: An adiabatic steam turbine operates from a pressure of 100 bar, 500 0C to an exit pressure of 1 bar, where the condition is given by the dryness fraction (x) = 0.9. The steam mass flow rate is 15 kg/s, the inlet velocity is 20 m/s and the exit velocity is 50 m/s. Treating changes in potential energy as negligible, determine: (i) the exit temperature (ii) the power output (iii) the cross sectional area of the exit duct [3 marks] [12 marks] [10 marks]

MTF1B Thermofluid Mechanics 1 Academic Year 2009-2010

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Question four: A gas mixture comprises 40% carbon dioxide (CO2) and 60 % hydrogen (H2) by volume. It occupies a volume of 10 m3 at a pressure and temperature of 200 kPa and 300 K kJ kJ and H2 = 14.31 respectively. The cp values are: CO2 = 0.846 kg K kg K Calculate: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) the mass of each gas, the gravimetric analysis of the mixture gas, the mixture molecular mass the mixture values of R, cp , cv and [10 marks] [3 marks] [2 marks] [10 marks]

Note the following molecular masses CO2 = 44 kg/kmol and H2 = 2 kg/kmol and R0 = 8.3145 kJ/kmol K

Question five: The bend shown in figure Q5 carries a water flow of 50 kg/s. At BB the flow discharges into the atmosphere, and at AA the bend is bolted to a rigid pipe. Assume the flow to be frictionless. The pipe diameter at AA is 20 cm and 10 cm at BB. The density of water = 1000 kg/m3

Calculate; (i) the water velocities at AA and BB (ii) the gauge pressure at AA (iii) the force exerted by the water on the bend, in both magnitude and direction.

450

B 10m Figure Q 5 A A

MTF1B Thermofluid Mechanics 1 Academic Year 2009-2010

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Question six: A circular door of diameter 1.0 m is placed in the side of a water tank as shown in figure Q 6 and is held closed by the force F perpendicular to the plane of the door, on the bottom of the door. Take the density of water as 1000 kg/m3

water level

2m hinge

1m

Figure Q6

Neglect the weight of the door. Calculate: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) the force on the door due to the water the vertical depth of the centre of pressure the force F the force in the hinge [5 marks] [10 marks] [5 marks] [5 marks]

MTF1B Thermofluid Mechanics 1 Academic Year 2009-2010

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Question seven: A closed tank, which is pressurised by an air compressor to a gauge pressure of 100 kPa as shown in figure Q7, contains oil of density 800 kg/m3. An orifice with a cross sectional area of 100 mm2 is situated in the side of the tank with its centre line 1.5 m below the surface of the oil. The orifice discharges oil into the atmosphere. The coefficients of velocity and contraction for the orifice are 0.97 and 0.64 respectively.

Calculate: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) the area of the jet at the vena contracta the coefficient of discharge for the orifice the actual jet velocity at the vena contracta the volume flow rate from the orifice [3 marks] [4 marks] [12 marks] [6 marks]

air at pgauge = 100 kPa

1.5 m oil

Figure Q7

MTF1B Thermofluid Mechanics 1 Academic Year 2009-2010

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