Rab DRD

RAN Load Control Parameter Description
6 Intelligent Access Control Algorithm
6.4 RAB DRD

RAB DRD is used to select a suitable cell for the UE to try an access. For a single service, RAB DRD can be enabled by the DR_RAB_SING_DRD_SWITCH subparameter of the DrSwitch parameter. For combined services, RAB DRD can be enabled by the DR_RAB_COMB_DRD_SWITCH subparameter of the DrSwitch parameter.
6.4.1 RAB DRD Overview

Through the RAB DRD procedure, the RNC selects a suitable cell for RAB processing during access control. RAB DRD is of two types: inter-frequency DRD and inter-RAT DRD. Inter-frequency DRD is further classified into inter-frequency DRD for service steering and inter-frequency DRD for load balancing. After receiving a Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) message RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST, the RNC initiates a RAB DRD procedure to select a suitable cell for RAB processing during access control. The basic procedure of RAB DRD is as follows: 1. The RNC performs inter-frequency DRD. According to the purposes of directed retry, Inter-frequency DRD is of the following types:
Inter-frequency DRD for service steering For details, see Inter-Frequency DRD for Service Steering. Inter-frequency DRD for load balancing For details, see Inter-Frequency DRD for Load Balancing.
2.
If all admission attempts of inter-frequency DRD fail, the RNC performs an inter-RAT DRD. For details about inter-RAT DRD, see Inter-RAT DRD. If all admission attempts of inter-RAT DRD fail, the RNC selects a suitable cell to perform preemption and queuing (for selection of the target cell for preemption or queuing, see Preemption). For details about preemption and queuing, see Preemption and Queuing, respectively.
3.
Issue Draft (2009-01-15)
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6-9
6.4.2 Inter-Frequency DRD for Service Steering

If the UE requests a service in an area covered by multiple frequencies, the RNC selects the cell with the highest service priority for UE access, based on the service type of RAB and the definitions of service priorities in the cells. The availability of DRD for service steering is specified by the ServiceDiffDrdSwitch parameter.
"Inter-frequency DRD for service steering" is called "DRD for service steering" for short in this section.
Cell Service Priorities Introduction

Cell service priorities refer to the priorities of cells under the same coverage accepting specific service types. These priorities help achieve traffic absorption in a hierarchical way. The priorities of specific service types in cells are configurable. If a cell does not support a service type, the priority of this service type is set to 0 in this cell. The group of service priorities in each cell is specified by the service priority group identity (SpgId) parameter. Service priority groups are configured on the LMT. In each group, priorities of R99 RT services, R99 NRT services, HSPA services, and other services are defined. When selecting a target cell for RAB processing, the RNC selects a cell with a high priority, that is, a cell that has a small value of service priority. Assume that the service priority groups given in the following table are defined on an RNC. Cell Service Priority Group Identity 1 2 Service Priority of R99 RT Service 2 1 Service Priority of R99 NRT Service 1 2 Service Priority of HSPA Service 1 0 Service Priority of Other Service 0 0
A B
As shown in Figure 6-3, cell B has a higher service priority of the R99 RT service than cell A. If the UE requests an RT service in cell A, preferably the RNC selects cell B for the UE to access.
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Figure 6-3 Example of DRD for service steering

Cell A B Service priority group identity 1 2
Cell B
Cell A
RT service
If the requested service is a combination of multiple services, the RAB with the highest priority is used when a cell is selected for RAB processing. In addition, the target cell must support all these services.
Procedure of DRD for Service Steering

This section describes the procedure of DRD for service steering when DRD for load balancing is disabled.
Figure 6-4 Procedure of DRD for service steering
The procedure of DRD for service steering is as follows: 1. The RNC determines the candidate cells to which blind handovers can be performed and sorts the candidate cells in descending order according to service priority.
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A candidate cell must meet the following conditions:

The frequency of the candidate cell is within the band supported by the UE. The quality of the candidate cell meets the requirements of inter-frequency DRD. For details, see 6.2 "IAC During RRC Connection Setup." The candidate cell supports the requested service.
2.
The RNC selects a target cell from the candidate cells in order of service priority for UE access. If there is more than one cell with the same service priority,

When the cell, in which the UE requests the service, is one of the candidate cells with the same service priority, preferably, the RNC selects this cell for admission decision. Otherwise, the RNC randomly selects a cell as the target cell.
3.

The CAC algorithm makes an admission decision based on the status of the target cell. If the admission attempt is successful, the RNC accepts the service request. If the admission attempt fails, the RNC removes the cell from the candidate cells and then checks whether all candidate cells are tried.

If there are any cells where no admission decision has been made, the algorithm goes back to step 2. If admission decisions have been made in all the candidate cells, then: a. If the service request is an HSPA one, the HSPA request falls back to a DCH one. Then, the algorithm goes back to step 1 to make an admission decision based on R99 service priorities.
b. If the service request is a DCH one, the RNC initiates an inter-RAT DRD.
6.4.3 Inter-Frequency DRD for Load Balancing

If the UE requests a service setup or channel reconfiguration in an area covered by multiple frequencies, the RNC sets up the service on a carrier with a light load to achieve load balancing among the cells on the different frequencies.
"Inter-frequency DRD for load balancing" is called "DRD for load balancing" for short in this section.
Overview of DRD for Load Balancing

Load balancing considers two resources, power, and code. The availability of DRD for load balancing is specified by the associated parameters as follows:

The availability of power-based DRD for load balancing for DCH service is specified by the LdbDRDSwitchDCH parameter. The availability of power-based DRD for load balancing for HSDPA service is specified by the LdbDRDSwitchHSDPA parameter. The availability of code-based DRD for load balancing is specified by the CodeBalancingDrdSwitch parameter.
In practice, it is recommended that only either a power-based DRD for load balancing or a code-based DRD for load balancing is activated. If both are activated, power-based DRD for load balancing takes precedence over code-based DRD for load balancing.
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Code-based DRD for load balancing is applicable to only R99 services because HSDPA services use reserved codes.
Power-Based DRD for Load Balancing

This section describes the procedure of DRD for load balancing when DRD for service steering is disabled.
The following two algorithms are available for power-based load balancing. If power-based DRD for load balancing is enabled, one of them can be used. The algorithm used is specified by the LdbDRDchoice parameter.
Algorithm 1: DRD for load balancing is performed according to the cell measurement values about the DL non-HSDPA power and DL HS-DSCH GBP.
For DCH service, the RNC sets up the service on a carrier with a light load of non-HSPA power to achieve load balancing among the cells at the different frequencies. For HSDPA service, the RNC sets up the service on a carrier with a light load of HS-DSCH GPB to achieve load balancing among the cells at different frequencies.
Algorithm 2: DRD for load balancing is performed according to the DCH ENU and HSDPA user number.

For DCH service, the RNC sets up the service on a carrier with a light load of DCH ENU to achieve load balancing among the cells on different frequencies. For HSDPA service, the RNC sets up the service on a carrier with a light load of HSDPA user to achieve load balancing among the cells on different frequencies.
As shown in Figure 6-5:

Cell B has a lighter load of non-HSDPA power than cell A. If the UE requests a DCH service in cell A, preferably, the RNC selects cell B for the UE to access. Cell A has a lighter load of HS-DSCH GBP than cell B. If the UE requests an HSDPA service in cell B, preferably, the RNC selects cell A for the UE to access.
Figure 6-5 Power-based DRD for load balancing
Cell B
Cell A
Load DCH service HSDPA service Load of HS-DSCH GBP Load of non-HSDPA power
Figure 6-6 shows the procedure of power-based DRD for load balancing.
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Figure 6-6 Procedure of power-based DRD for load balancing
Receive a service request
Does power of the current cell meet DRD condition 1? No Does power of a neighboring cell meet DRD condition 2? HSPA falls back to DCH No Yes Are there multiple such cells available? Yes Select the cell meeting the DRD conditions as the target cell Yes Is the request an HSPA one? No Initiate an interRAT DRD Yes No Are all candidate cells tried? No CAC successful? Yes Initiate a blind handover Select the cell with the lightest power load as the target cell
Yes
No
Select the current cell as the target cell
The procedure of power-based DRD for load balancing is as follows: 1. The RNC determines the candidate cells to which blind handovers can be performed. A candidate cell must meet the following conditions:

The frequency of the candidate cell is within the band supported by the UE. The quality of the candidate cell meets the requirements of inter-frequency DRD. The candidate cell supports the requested service.
2.
If the current cell is such a candidate cell, the RNC goes to step 3. Otherwise, the RNC selects a cell with the lightest load from the candidate cells as the target cell and then goes to step 4. The RNC determines whether the DL radio load of the current cell is lower than the threshold of power-based DRD for load balancing (condition 1). Based on the bearer type (DCH or HSDPA) of the requested service, the RNC selects an appropriate condition.
3.
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For algorithm 1, condition 1 is as follows: a. For DCH bearer
(Thd
AMR , cutcell
Pnon H ,cutcell ) > Thd non H

PGBP , cutcell ) > Thd H
b. For HSDPA bearer
(Thd
total , cutcell
For algorithm 2, condition 1 is as follows: a. For DCH bearer
(Thd
AMR , cutcell
PD ENU ,cutcell ) > Thd non H
b. For HSDPA bearer
(Thd
Here:
H ue ,cutcell
PH ue ,cutcell ) / Thd H ue,cutcell > Thd H
Thd non H is specified by LdbDRDLoadRemainThdDCH. Thd H is specified by LdbDRDLoadRemainThdHSDPA.
If... Condition 1 is met Condition 1 is not met
Then... The service tries admission to the current cell. Go to step 5. Go to step 4.
4.
The RNC selects a target cell for UE access. The RNC determines whether any inter-frequency neighboring cell meets the following condition (condition 2): Based on the bearer type (DCH or HSDPA) of the requested service, the RNC selects an appropriate condition as follow:
If algorithm 1 is used, condition 2 is as follows:
For an HSDPA service

total , nbcell
(Thd (Thd
PGBP , nbcell ) (Thd total , cutcell PGBP , cutcell ) > Thd H ,loadoffset
Pload , cutcell ) (Thd total , nbcell Pload , nbcell ) < Thd total , loadoffset
total , cutcell
For a DCH service

AM R , nbcell non H , nbcell AM R , cutcell non H , cutcell D , loadoffset
P P (Thd ) (Thd ) > Thd (Thd total , cutcell Pload , cutcell ) (Thd total , nbcell Pload , nbcell ) < Thd total ,loadoffset
If algorithm 2 is used, condition 2 is as follows:
For an HSDPA service

PH ue , nbcell ) / Thd H ue , nbcell (Thd H ue , cutcell PH ue , cutcell ) / Thd H ue , cutcell
(Thd
H ue , nbcell
> Thd H ,loadoffset
For a DCH service

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(Thd
AM R , nbcell
PD enu , nbcell ) (Thd AM R , cutcell PD enu , cutcell ) > Thd D , loadoffset
The related variables are described as follows: Current cell

Thdtotal , cutcell
Inter-frequency Neighboring Cell
Description DL total power threshold (DlCellTotalThd) HS-DSCH GBP Total power load, which is the sum of the non-HSDPA power and the GBP
Thd total , nbcell

PGBP , nbcell
PGBP ,cutcell
Pnon H ,cutcell
Thd AMR ,cutcell Thd H ue,cutcell
Pnon H , nbcell
Thd AMR , nbcell Thd H ue, nbcell
Non-HSDPA power load DL threshold of conversational AMR service (DlConvAMRThd) Maximum number of HSDPA users (MaxHsdpaUserNum) Total number of HSDPA users DCH ENU load Load balancing DRD offset for HSDPA (LdbDRDOffsetHSDPA) Load balancing DRD offset for DCH (LdbDRDOffsetDCH) Load balancing DRD total power protect threshold (LdbDRDTotalPwrProThd)
PH ue,cutcell
PD enu ,cutcell
PH ue, nbcell
PD enu , nbcell
Thd H ,loadoffset
Thd D ,loadoffset Thd total ,loadoffset
Then, the RNC selects the target cell as follows:

If there is only one inter-frequency neighboring cell that meets the conditions of DRD for load balancing, the RNC selects this cell as the target cell. If there are multiple such cells:
For a DCH service a. If algorithm 1 is used, the RNC selects the cell with the lightest non-HSDPA load as the target cell.
b. If algorithm 2 is used, the RNC selects the cell with the lightest load of DCH ENU as the target cell.
For an HSDPA service a. If algorithm 1 is used, the RNC selects the cell with the lightest load of HS-DSCH required power as the target cell.
b. If algorithm 2 is used, the RNC selects the cell with the lightest load of HSDPA user as the target cell.
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If there is no such cell, the RNC selects the current cell as the target cell. If the admission attempt is successful, the RNC admits the service request. If the admission attempt fails, the RNC checks whether admission decisions have been made in all candidate inter-frequency neighboring cells.

5.
The CAC algorithm makes an admission decision based on the status of the target cell.

If there is any cell where no admission decision is made, the algorithm goes back to step 2. If admission decisions have been made in all the candidate cells: a. When the service request is an HSPA one, the HSPA request falls back to a DCH one. Then, the algorithm goes back to step 1 to make an admission decision based on R99 service priorities.
b. When the service request is a DCH one, the RNC initiates an inter-RAT DRD.
Code-Based DRD for Load Balancing

The procedure of DRD for load balancing based on code resource is similar to that based on power resource. Figure 6-7 shows the procedure for selecting a target cell based on code resource.
6-17
Figure 6-7 Procedure of code-based DRD for load balancing

Start
Is the current cell in candidate cells? Yes
No
Minimum SF of the current cell < CodeBalancingDrdMinSFThd?
Yes
No
Code load of the current cell < CodeBalancingDrdCodeRateThd?
Yes
No
Is there a cell with the lightest code load?
No
Yes
Select the cell with the lightest code load as the target cell
Select the current cell as the target cell
Select the cell with the lightest code load from the cells with the same service priority as the target cell
The procedure is as follows: 1. The RNC determines whether the minimum remaining SF of the current cell is smaller than the minimum SF threshold of DRD for code balancing (CodeBalancingDrdMinSFThd).

If the minimum SF is smaller than this threshold, the RNC tries the admission of the service request to the current cell. If the minimum SF is not smaller than this threshold, the RNC goes to the next step.
2.
The RNC determines whether the code load of the current cell is lower than the code occupation rate threshold of DRD for code balancing (CodeBalancingDrdCodeRateThd).

If the code load is lower than this threshold, the service tries the admission to the current cell. If the code load is higher than or equal to this threshold, the RNC selects the cell with the lightest load or the current cell as the target cell. The RNC selects the cell as follows:
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If the minimum SF supported by the cell with the lightest code load is the same as that supported by the current cell, and the difference between the code resource occupancies of the two is larger than or equal to the value of DeltaCodeOccupiedRate, the RNC selects the cell with the lightest code load as the target cell. Otherwise, the RNC selects the current cell as the target cell. If the minimum SF supported by the cell with the lightest code load is smaller than the minimum SF supported by the current cell, the RNC selects the cell with the lightest code load as the target cell.
6.4.4 Inter-Frequency DRD

Relation Between DRD for Service Steering and DRD for Load Balancing
"Inter-frequency DRD for service steering" is called "DRD for service steering" for short in this section. "Inter-frequency DRD for load balancing" is called "DRD for load balancing" for short in this section.
When both DRD for service steering and DRD for load balancing are enabled, the general principles of inter-frequency DRD are as follows:

DRD for service steering takes precedence over DRD for load balancing, that is, preferably considers service priorities. To services of the same service priority, load balancing applies.
For example, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) f1, UTRAN f2, UTRAN f3, and UTRAN f4 in Figure 6-8 are inter-frequency cells with the same coverage. The service priorities of real-time R99 services in these cells are listed in the following table. Cell UTRAN f1 UTRAN f2 UTRAN f3 UTRAN f4 Value of Service Priority of R99 Real-Time Service 3 2 1 1
According to the principles of inter-frequency DRD, the RAB DRD of a real-time R99 service will select UTRAN f3 to make a CAC decision, as shown in Figure 6-8.
6-19
Figure 6-8 Example of inter-frequency DRD
Inter-Frequency DRD Procedure

If the UE requests a service in an area covered by multiple frequencies, the RNC selects a suitable cell for access based on the service priority in each candidate cell and the service type. In addition, during cell selection, the RNC checks whether DRD for service steering and DRD for load balancing are enabled. Figure 6-9 shows the procedure.
6-20
Figure 6-9 Inter-frequency DRD procedure
The procedure of inter-frequency DRD is as follows:

If DRD for service steering is enabled but DRD for load balancing is disabled, as shown in A in Figure 6-9, the inter-frequency DRD procedure is the procedure of DRD for service steering. For details, see Inter-Frequency DRD for Service Steering. If DRD for load balancing is enabled but DRD for service steering is disabled, as shown in B in Figure 6-9, the inter-frequency DRD procedure is the procedure of DRD for load balancing. For details, see Inter-Frequency DRD for Load Balancing. If both DRD for load balancing and DRD for service steering are disabled: 1. The UE attempts to access the current cell when its service priority is not 0. If the service priority of the current cell is 0, the UE attempts to access another candidate cell whose service priority is not 0. The CAC algorithm makes an admission decision based on the cell status.

2.
If the admission attempt is successful, the RNC admits the service request. If the admission attempt fails, the UE attempts to access another candidate cell randomly. If the service request is an HSPA one, the HSPA request falls back to a DCH one. Then, the algorithm goes back to step 1 to retry admission based on R99 service priorities. If the service request is a DCH one, the RNC initiates an inter-RAT DRD.
3.
If any request for access to a candidate cell is rejected, then:
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If both DRD for load balancing and DRD for service steering are enabled: 1. The RNC determines the candidate cells to which blind handovers can be performed. A candidate cell must meet the following conditions:

The candidate cell supports the requested service. The frequency of the candidate cell is within the band supported by the UE. The quality of the candidate cell meets the requirements of inter-frequency DRD.
2.
The RNC selects a target cell from the candidate cells for UE access. Based on the relation between DRD for service steering and DRD for load balancing:

The RNC preferably selects the cell with the highest service priority. If there are multiple cells with the highest service priority, load balancing applies to these cells. In this case, the RNC follows the same DRD logic as described in Inter-Frequency DRD for Load Balancing.
3.
The CAC algorithm makes an admission decision based on the resource status of the cell.

If the admission attempt is successful, the RNC initiates an inter-frequency blind handover to the cell. If the admission attempt fails, the RNC removes the cell from the candidate cells and then checks whether all candidate cells are tried. a. If there is any candidate cell not tried, the algorithm goes back to step 2 to try this cell. b. If all candidate cells haven been tried, then:
If the service request is an HSPA one, the HSPA request falls back to a DCH one. Then, the algorithm goes back to step 1 to retry admission based on R99 service priorities. If the service request is a DCH one, the RNC initiates an inter-RAT DRD.
For details about the CAC procedure, see 7 "Call Admission Control Algorithm." For details about inter-RAT DRD, see 6.4.5 "Inter-RAT DRD."
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Rab DRD

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RAN Load Control Parameter Description

6 Intelligent Access Control Algorithm

6.4 RAB DRD

6.4.1 RAB DRD Overview

Issue Draft (2009-01-15)

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

6 Intelligent Access Control Algorithm

RAN Load Control Parameter Description

6.4.2 Inter-Frequency DRD for Service Steering

Cell Service Priorities Introduction

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

Issue Draft (2009-01-15)

RAN Load Control Parameter Description

6 Intelligent Access Control Algorithm

Figure 6-3 Example of DRD for service steering

Procedure of DRD for Service Steering

Figure 6-4 Procedure of DRD for service steering

Issue Draft (2009-01-15)

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

6 Intelligent Access Control Algorithm

RAN Load Control Parameter Description

A candidate cell must meet the following conditions:

6.4.3 Inter-Frequency DRD for Load Balancing

Overview of DRD for Load Balancing

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

Issue Draft (2009-01-15)

RAN Load Control Parameter Description

6 Intelligent Access Control Algorithm

Power-Based DRD for Load Balancing

As shown in Figure 6-5:

Figure 6-5 Power-based DRD for load balancing

Issue Draft (2009-01-15)

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

6 Intelligent Access Control Algorithm

RAN Load Control Parameter Description

Figure 6-6 Procedure of power-based DRD for load balancing

Receive a service request

Select the current cell as the target cell

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

Issue Draft (2009-01-15)

RAN Load Control Parameter Description

6 Intelligent Access Control Algorithm

For algorithm 1, condition 1 is as follows: a. For DCH bearer

Pnon H ,cutcell ) > Thd non H

b. For HSDPA bearer

For algorithm 2, condition 1 is as follows: a. For DCH bearer

PD ENU ,cutcell ) > Thd non H

b. For HSDPA bearer

PH ue ,cutcell ) / Thd H ue,cutcell > Thd H

Thd non H is specified by LdbDRDLoadRemainThdDCH. Thd H is specified by LdbDRDLoadRemainThdHSDPA.

If... Condition 1 is met Condition 1 is not met

If algorithm 1 is used, condition 2 is as follows:

For an HSDPA service

For a DCH service

If algorithm 2 is used, condition 2 is as follows:

For an HSDPA service

> Thd H ,loadoffset

For a DCH service

Issue Draft (2009-01-15)

6 Intelligent Access Control Algorithm

RAN Load Control Parameter Description

PD enu , nbcell ) (Thd AM R , cutcell PD enu , cutcell ) > Thd D , loadoffset