DSP Midterm 2 Solutions Fall 2011

Problem 1 i) a) FIR filter b) Window taking averaging into account (rectangular window)
1/3

1/3

1/3

x(k-1)T

x(kT)

x(k+1)T

c)

( )

d) Steady state: ( Zeros at roots of )

( ) Thus, the zeros line on the unit circle.

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

e) Realizable option
1 x(kT-T) x(kT) x(kT-2T) 1 1

1/3

ii) a) FIR filter b) Window taking averaging into account (triangular window)
1/3
1/6 1/6

x(k-1)T

x(kT)

x(k+1)T

c)

( )

d) Steady state: ( Zeros at roots of ) ( )( )

(Multiplicity 2)

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0

-3

-2

-1

Raised cosine

e)
1/2 x(kT-T) x(kT) x(kT-2T) 1 1/2

1/3

Problem 2

a) Transforming the frequency

Thus, the analog filter system function ( ) Since, , ( )

Thus, applying the bilinear transform yields

( ) Analog Filter /T

Digital Filter Poles: Zeroes:

Poles: Zeroes: None

1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 -1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

The frequency response of the filter is ( ) ( ) yields | ( )|

Evaluating the magnitude of the frequency response at evaluating at yields | ( )| as desired.

and

Note: Poles not on unit circle

Problem 3 a) Differentiation/Edge detection (Laplacian) b) 1) Rotationally Symmetric (Isotropic) 2) All elements add to zero c) Detects both vertical and horizontal edges; zero output in area of constant gray level d) Two properties that hold for autocorrelation functions, but are not assured in cross correlation functions are symmetry; maximum value in center e) An especially valuable property of a 2-D Fourier Transform is separability; which is advantageous because row operations performed separately from column operations. f) Comparing the direct, parallel, and cascade topologies, the parallel form is advantageous because of reduced effect of noise / noise localized. g) Three advantages gained when dealing with Gaussian based parameters/variables are convolving Gaussian with Gaussian yields Gaussian; uncorrelated implies independence; linear estimate is optimum, and others h) In direct digital filter design, you always need n controllable design parameters to meet n specifications False i) Using a (select one) FIR-IIR topology, insures linear phase FIR j) In indirect design, the impulse invariant or matched-z transform is especially applicable to bandlimited signals. Bilinear transform is applicable to pass-stop signals, among others Problem 4 Clearly, the filter must have poles at

and zeros at z=1 and z=-1. Consequently, the system function is ( ) ( ( ( ( ( ( ) ( ( ) ) ) ( ) of the filter )( )( ) ) ) )

( )

The gain factor is determined by evaluating the frequency response at . Thus, we have ( ) ( ( ) )

The value of r is determined by evaluating

) at

. Thus, we have

| ( )|

) ( )

= 1/2

Or, equivalently, 1.94 ( ) = satisfies this equation. Therefore, the system function for the desired filter is ( ) Zeros: Poles:
Pole-Zero Map 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 -1

( (

) )

Imaginary Axis

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0 Real Axis

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Its frequency response is illustrated below