Constants and Conversions for Atmospheric Science

Universal constants
Universal gravitational constant Universal gas constant in SI units Gas constant in chemical units Speed of light Plancks constant Stefan-Boltzmann constant Constant in Wiens displacement law Boltzmanns constant Avogadros number Loschmidt number G R (Rc ) c h max T k NA L = = = = = = = = = = 6.67 1011 N m2 kg2 8.3143 J K1 mol1 0.0821 L atm K1 mol1 2.998 108 m s1 6.626 1034 J s 5.67 108 J s1 m2 K4 2.897 103 m K 1.38 1023 J K1 molecule1 6.022 1023 molecules mol1 2.69 1025 molecules m3

Air
Typical density of air at sea level Gas constant for dry air Eective molecular mass for dry air Specic heat of dry air, constant pressure Specic heat of dry air, constant volume Dry adiabatic lapse rate Thermal conductivity at 0 C (independent of pressure) 0 Rd Md cp cv g/cp K = = = = = = = 1.25 kg m3 287 J K1 kg1 28.97 kg kmol1 1004 J K1 kg1 717 J K1 kg1 9.8 103 K m1 2.40 102 J m1 s1 K1

Water substance
Density of liquid water at 0 C Density of ice at 0 C Gas constant for water vapor Molecular mass for H2 O Molecular weight ratio of H2 O to dry air Specic heat of water vapor at constant pressure Specic heat of water vapor at constant volume Specic heat of liquid water at 0 C Specic heat of ice at 0 C Latent heat of vaporization at 0 C Latent heat of vaporization at 100C Latent heat of sublimation (H2 O) Latent heat of fusion (H2 O) water ice Rv Mw cpw cvw cw ci Lv Ls Lf = = = = = = = = = 103 kg m3 0.917 103 kg m3 461 J K1 kg1 18.016 kg kmol1 Mw /Md = 0.622 1952 J deg1 kg1 1463 J deg1 kg1 4218 J K1 kg1 2106 J K1 kg1 2.50 106 J kg1 2.25 106 J kg1 2.85 106 J kg1 3.34 105 J kg1

Constants and Conversions for Atmospheric Science (continued)

Earth and Sun
Acceleration due to gravity at sea level Mass of the Earth Mass of the Earths atmosphere Radius of the Earth Area of the surface of the Earth Mass of an atmospheric column Atmosphere to Pascals Rotation rate of Earth Mass of the sun Radius of the sun Mean earth-sun distance Solar ux Average intensity of solar radiation g0 m me RE ma 1 atm m r d Es Is = = = = = = = = = = = = = 9.81 N kg1 5.97 1024 kg 5.3 1018 kg 6.37 106 m 5.10 101 4 m2 1.017 104 kg m2 1.01325 105 Pa 7.292 105 s1 1.99 1030 kg 6.96 108 m 1.50 1011 m = 1.00 AU 3.85 1026 W 2.00 107 W m2 sr1

Units and Conversions

Fahrenheit-Celsius conversion Kelvin-Celsius conversion Hectopascal conversions Cubic meters to liters Days to seconds Calories to Joules Latitude conversions Longitude conversions Knots to miles per hour Meters per second to knots Sverdrups to m3 s1 Dobson unit TC TK 1 hPa 1 m3 1d 1 cal 1 lat 1 lon 1 knot 1 m s1 1 Sv 1 DU = = = = = = = = = = = = (TF 32) TC + 273.15 1 mb = 103 dynes cm2 1000 L 86,400 s 4.1855 J 60 nautical mi = 111 km = 69 statute mi 111 km cos(latitude) 1 nautical mi/h = 1.15 statute mi/h 1.9426 kt 106 m3 s1 2.6 1016 molecules O3 cm2
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