u are pointing to the:

Interior Heart
Can't Find It?
Arch of Aorta Aortic Semilunar Valve Brachiocephalic Art. Chordae Tendineae Interventricular Septum L. Atrioventricular Valve L. Atrium L. Common Carotid Art. L. Pulmonary Art. L. Pulmonary Vein L. Su!clavian Art. L. Ventricle Ligmentum Arterio um Papillary "u cle Pulmonary Semilunar Valve Pulmonary Trun# $. Atrioventricular Valve $. Atrium $. Coronary Artery $. Ventricle Superior Vena Cava Tra!eculae Carneae

Images and maps J. Crimando & GWCC, 1999.

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Structure of the human eye

Here is a cross section of the human eye. Click on the relevant number to find out more about each part

1. Vitreous humour
This fluid preserves the spherical shape of our eyeball, as well as helping to support the retina. Despite having the consistency of egg white it is mainly made of water (99 !.

2. Ciliary body
The ciliary body comprises two parts " the ciliary process and the ciliary muscle. #t is the latter which causes the lens to change shape. #f the eye is focusing on a distant ob$ect the muscles rela%, causing the

ligaments to tighten and the lens to lengthen. &hen we focus on an ob$ect nearby the muscles tighten, the ligaments slacken, and the lens shortens. The lining of the ciliary body also secretes a'ueous humour, the fluid which fills the front of the eye.

3. Lens
The lens is responsible for refracting light. Held in place by ligaments, which connect to the ciliary body, the lens can also change shape to focus on ob$ects at different distances " a refle% known as accommodation. #t does this appro%imately ()),))) times a day.

4. Cornea
*lthough normally only half a millimetre thick, the cornea is responsible for seventy percent of the total focusing of the eye. #t is the most important layer in the refractive procedure and, together with the lens, forms a clear image on the back of the retina.

5. Conjunctiva
The con$unctiva is merely a thin, transparent membrane covering the cornea, and yet its function is vital " it protects the eye from airborne debris. This is actually only one of the protective features of the human eye. +thers include the orbit (or eye socket!, the eyelashes and, 'uite surprisingly, the eyebrows " their function being to stop sweat from running into the eye. Tears, which constantly bathe the surface of the eye, also remove dust and dirt " as well as killing bacteria.

6.

!ueous humour

The watery li'uid at the front of the eye, secreted mainly by the ciliary body.

". #ris
The iris is a thin diaphragm that lies behind , and is visible through , the cornea. The iris contains the pupil, which dilates and constricts to regulate the light that reaches the retina.

$. Choroid

The choroid runs behind the retina and, at the front of the eye, forms the ciliary body. *s it contains many blood cells, the choroid supplies the eye with nutrients and o%ygen " as well as removing waste. The choroid also has a high concentration of a pigment called melanin in its cells. #t is this pigment that prevents internal reflection within the eye " stopping us from receiving a blurred image.

%. &etina
The back of the retina contains a deep layer of light sensitive cells called rods and cones. This is where the image is pro$ected. -ods are responsible for night vision, while cones are responsible for daytime vision. The cones also allow us to see in colour and detail. The retina also contains a layer of ganglion cells on the surface. These cells connect the nerve fibres to the optic nerve. This means that the nerve fibres actually pass over the sensitive part of the eye, but, odd as it may seem, no disturbance in vision is caused.

1'. Sclera
.asically, this is the white of the eye. *ttached to the sclera are si% e%terior muscles, which enable us to look left, right, up and down. *t the front of the eye, the sclera forms the cornea.

11. ()tic nerve

The optic nerve is responsible for carrying information about the image to the brain. #t contains no sensory receptors itself, and therefore therefore the head of the optic nerve (otherwise known as the +ptic Disc! corresponds to the normal blind spot of the eye.

12. *ovea
This area of the retina is packed with cone cells. .ecause of this, it gives the most acute vision. /or e%ample, when we are reading, the word on which we are focusing is being pro$ected onto the fovea.

Blood gas analyzer

Updated: January 17, 2008 Condition: Excellent The AVL Omni is a blood gas, electrolyte, hemoglobin, glucose, and lactate STAT analyzer designed to be truly user oriented, bringing ad!anced technologies and inno!ati!e thin"ing together to sim#li$y and streamline the deli!ery o$ accurate data% A color touch screen, &ith user $riendly icons, re#laces $unction "eys and s&itches% 'ully automatic $unctions !irtually eliminate o#erating mista"es% (andom access #arameters selection allo&s the user to de$ine analytes run se)uences% *ith nine models $eaturing di$$erent con$igurations, there is an ideal AVL Omni $or e!ery a##lication% The modular design o$ the AVL Omni &ill enable it to ada#t to your needs as they change and ex#and in the $uture% 'urthermore, &ith the o#tional Auto+C module you cna #er$orm automatic )uality control measurements, sa!ing you time and money% ,easured #arameters on the AVL Omni include blood gas, electrolytes, hemoglobin, co oximetry, and metabolite% 'eatures o$ the AVL Omni include $ully automatic li)uid calibration o$ all #arameters in $ixed or user de$ined inter!als and -. /0 analysis1hour o#erating range 2de#ending on model3% Other $eatures o$ the AVL Omni include integrated 4C, monitor, thermal #rinter, bar code reader and inter$aces, and auto +C 2o#tional3 &ith s#ace $or u# to 5-0 +C am#ules%