Students Name: Teacher Code:

Burnside High School

Biology
NCEA Level 2
Assessment Standard 90459 v2.0

Describe Genetic Variation And Change

Assessment E!ternal E!amination "School e!amination# Credits 3

$nstructions %ou should ans&er ALL the 'uestions in this (oo)let. Chec) that this (oo)let has 7 *ages in the correct order and that none o+ these *ages is (lan). %,- .-S/ HAN0 /H$S B,,1LE/ /, /HE S-2E34$S,3 A/ /HE EN0 ,5 /H$S E6A.$NA/$,N. %ou are advised to s*end 75820 minutes ans&ering each 'uestion in this (oo)let.

Achievement Criteria: Achievement

5or Assessors use onl9 Achievement ith !erit Achievement ith "#cellence

0escri(e

E!*lain

0iscuss

$verall %evel o& 'er&ormance:

2age 7 o+ :

() Corn *ernel Characteristics

;ild t9*e corn )ernel colour is determined (9 t&o alleles< *ur*le =2>< &hich is dominant to 9ello& =*>. /he te!ture o+ the )ernels is determined (9 t&o alleles< smooth =/> &hich is dominant to &rin)led =t>. a. 0e+ine the term dominant.

A (reeder crosses a *lant gro&n +rom a homo?9gous *ur*le< smooth )ernel &ith another *lant gro&n +rom homo?9gous 9ello&< &rin)led )ernel. (. 0escri(e the genot9*e and *henot9*e o+ the o++s*ring =57 generation> +rom these *lants. @enot9*e 2henot9*e AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

/&o o+ the resulting 57 o++s*ring are crossed. c. Com*lete the +ollo&ing 2unnet s'uare to &or) out the genot9*es o+ all the *ossi(le o++s*ring +rom this cross. .ale @ametes @ametes5emale d. @ive the *henot9*ic ratio +or the o++s*ring in *art =(> a(ove. e. /he (reeder &ants to use some o+ the 52 seeds to create a *ure8(reeding line o+ *lants &ith 9ello&< smooth )ernels. 0escri(e the *henot9*e o+ the *lant he should use and discuss ho& he could determine &hether these *lants &ere *ure8 (reeding +or )ernel sha*e. %ou ma9 use diagrams or 2unnet s'uares in 9our ans&er.

2age 2 o+ :

2age B o+ :

The Causes o& Variation

Even in *o*ulations &here individuals all loo) similar there is considera(le genetic variation. /his variation can (e generated (9 various *rocesses including inde*endent assortment =segregation> mutation recom(ination =crossing over> random +ertilisation

0iscuss ho& variation is achieved in a *o*ulation o+ organisms. $n 9our ans&er 9ou should Name and de+ine the *rocess that *roduces ne& alleles into the gene *ool E!*lain ho& genetic variation can (e achieved &ithin a *o*ulation 0iscuss ho& variation is im*ortant in the survival o+ an organism. (You may use diagrams to support your answer)

2age 4 o+ :

3) *a+a,o Conservation
/he Ne& Cealand )a)a*o =Strigus ha(ro*tilus> is one o+ the &orldDs most criticall9 endangered (irds. 5or decades< the *o*ulation has (een maintained (9 onl9 a +e& (reeding +emales. 3ecent (reeding *rogramme successes have increased *o*ulation num(ers +rom a lo& *oint o+ 57 (irds to Eust over 700. /hese (irds have (een moved to three se*arate *redator8+ree islands< .aud and Cod+ish $slands o++ the South $sland and Little Barrier $sland in the Haura)i @ul+. a. Name the e++ect that occurs &hen *o*ulations are reduced to a small si?e and e!*lain ho& this a++ects genetic diversit9 in the surviving *o*ulation.

(.

;hen scientists monitor the )a)a*o *o*ulations on these islands the9 need to consider a num(er o+ +actors that &ill a++ect the gene *ool o+ the )a)a*o. 0iscuss the im*lications o+ conservation o+ an endangered s*ecies. $n 9our ans&er 9ou should E!*lain the *ossi(le e++ects in a *o*ulation &hen a small num(er o+ individuals are introduced to islands< the e++ects o+ mutations and the *rocess o+ natural selection 0iscuss &hat conservationist can do to minimise an9 negative e++ects on the genetic diversit9 o+ the )a)a*o

2age 5 o+ :

"#tra ,a,er &or continuation o& ans ers i& re-uired) Clearly number the -uestion

2age F o+ :

2age : o+ :