Indian fisheries Indian fisheries and aquaculture is an important sector of food production, providing nutritional security to the food

basket, contributing to the agricultural exports and engaging about fourteen million people in different activities. With diverse resources ranging from deep seas to lakes in the mountains and more than 10% of the global biodiversity in terms of fish and shellfish species, the country has shown continuous and sustained increments in fish production since independence. Constituting about 4.4% of the global fish production, the sector contributes to 1.1% of the GDP and 4.7% of the agricultural GDP. The total fish production of 6.57 million metric tonnes presently has nearly 55% contribution from the inland sector and nearly the same from culture fisheries. Paradigm shifts in terms of increasing contributions from inland sector and further from aquaculture are significations over the years. With high growth rates, the different facets of marine fisheries, coastal aquaculture, inland fisheries, freshwater aquaculture, coldwater fisheries to food, health, economy, exports, employment and tourism of the country. The country has 429 Fish Farmers Development Agencies (FFDAs) and 39 Brackishwater Fish Farms Development Agencies (BFDAs) for promoting freshwater and coastal aquaculture. The annual carp seed production is to the tune of 20 billion and that of shrimp about 8 billion, with increasing diversification in the recent past. Along with food fish culture, ornamental fish culture and high value fish farming are gaining importance in the recent past. With over 2.4 lakh fishing crafts operating in the coast, six major fishing harbours, 40 minor fishing harbours and 151 landing centres are functioning to cater to the needs of over 3.5 million fisherfolk.

Fish and fish products have presently emerged as the largest group in agricultural exports of India, with 5.2 lakh tonnes in terms of quantity and Rs.7,200 crores in value. This accounts for around 3% of the total exports of the country and nearly 20% of the agricultural exports. More than 50 different types of fish and shellfish products are exported to 75 countries around the world. Indian Fisheries
Global position Contribution of Fisheries to GDP (%) Contribution to Agril. GDP (%) Per capita fish availability (Kg.) Annual Export earnings (Rs. In Crore) Employment in sector (million) 3rd in Fisheries 2nd in Aquaculture 1.07 5.30 9.0 7,200 14.0

Resources
Coastline Exclusive Economic Zone Continental Shelf Rivers and Canals Reservoirs 8129 kms 2.02 million sq. km 0.506 million sq. km 1,97,024 km 3.15 million ha

Ponds and Tanks Oxbow lakes and derelict waters Brackishwaters Estuaries

2.35 million ha 1.3 million ha 1.24 million ha 0.29 million ha

Some Facts
Present fish Production Inland Marine Potential fish production Fish seed production Hatcheries FFDA BFDA 6.4 mmt 3.4 mmt 3.0 mmt 8.4 mmt 21,000 million fry 1,070 422 39

economic Realizing the economic value of fisheries

Fish and fish products are among the most widely traded goods worldwide. The global value of formally traded fish exports was US$58 billion in 2002. Nearly half of fisheries trade originates in developing countries and 85% of the total is destined for developed countries. Globally, developing countries are net exporters of fishery products and this is a major source of foreign exchange for many of them. Net export revenues from fish exports earned by developing countries reached US$17.7 billion in 2001, more than coffee, cocoa, sugar and tea combined [1]. Export revenue is primarily derived from industrial fisheries, but both industrial and small-scale fisheries contribute to national economies in different ways. Industrial fisheries provide: government revenue through the collection of taxes on fishing activities, such as licences, which can then be reinvested in the economy; revenues from the export of fish and fishery products;

 employment for fishing crews; protein for the population. Although economic growth per se can reduce poverty through trickle down benefits to the poor [2], more focussed pro-poor actions can increase this impact. For industrial fisheries to contribute to poverty reduction, the distribution of the generated revenue must be addressed. This may be through provision of services for the wider population, or for actions specifically directed at the poorer segments of society.
Economic structure
In 2010, agriculture, forestry and fishing contributed 10 % or more of GDP in India, Indonesia and Argentina The economic structure of the G20 members varies most greatly in relation to the relative importance of agriculture, forestry and fishing and to a lesser extent in the relative share of industry see Figure 5; note that the data for EU-27 and EA-17 is based on the NACE Rev. 2 activity classification (compatible with ISIC Rev.4) whereas the data for the other G20 members are based on ISIC Rev.3. In 2010, agriculture, forestry and fishing contributed 10 % or more of GDP in India, Indonesia and Argentina, whereas its contribution was less than 1.5 % in Japan and the United States. Industry (including mining and quarrying; manufacturing; electricity, gas and water supply) contributed more than half of Saudi Arabian GDP (57.4 %) and more than one third of GDP in China and Indonesia, while in the EU-27 (2011 data), India and the United States the contribution was less than one fifth. The contribution of construction to GDP was less than 10 %

in all of the G20 members shown in Figure 5, other than in Indonesia where it just reached double figures (10.3 %). The contribution of distributive trades, hotels and restaurants, transport, information and communication services varied least between the G20 members, ranging from 30.1 % in Turkey to 15.8 % in China, with Saudi Arabia outside this range (9.1 %). In the United States and Japan other services contributed more than half of GDP, while Australia, the EU-27 and Canada recorded contributions from other services just below this level. By contrast, other services contributed between one third and one quarter of GDP in Saudi Arabia, China, Russia and India, and even less in Indonesia (17.4 %).