The interior structure of the Earth is layered in spherical shells.

These layers can be defined by either their chemical or their rheological properties. The Earth has an outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous mantle, a liquid outer core that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core. Scientific understanding of Earth's internal structure is based on observations of topography and bathymetry, observations of rock in outcrop, samples brought to the surface from greater depths by volcanic activity, analysis of the seismic waves that pass through the Earth, measurements of the gravity field of the Earth, and experiments with crystalline solids at pressures and temperatures characteristic of the Earth's deep interior

1. The crust is the outer layer of the earth. It is a thin layer between 0-60 km thick. The crust is the solid rock layer upon which we live. 2. The mantle is the widest section of the Earth. It has a diameter of approximately 2,900 km. The mantle is made up of semi-molten rock called magma. In the upper parts of the mantle the rock is hard, but lower down the rock is soft and beginning to melt. 3. The outer core is the layer surrounding the inner core. It is a liquid layer, also made up of iron and nickel. It is still extremely hot, with temperatures similar to the inner core 4. The inner core is in the centre and is the hottest part of the Earth. It is solid and made up of iron and nickel with temperatures of up to 5,500C. With its immense heat energy, the inner core is like the engine room of the Earth.
Even though it would be near impossible to drill through all the layers Though seismic activity in the form of earthquakes is often very destructive to life on the surface, with far-reaching consequences for humans, they allow a select group of scientists to study the centre of the earth. The few who study the centre of the earth belong to SEDI: The Study of the Earth's Deep Interior. They analyse the centre of the planet based on comparison with what

we know about other planets in the solar system and the result of seismic waves as they travel through the core and out the other side. Seismic waves can tell scientists a lot about what materials make up an object as they pass through them and help identify most metal elements based on the rate the wave moves through them. While there were strong suspicions in the scientific community starting at the end of the 1800s that the earth's core was made of iron based on our magnetic field and the rotation of the sun and the moon, it wasn't confirmed until 2002 when the tests were refined. However, there is still some debate on the liquid iron composite that surrounds the core, and questions as to why it appears metal crystals on one side drastically differ from crystals on the other. In fact, while seismic wave tests are clearly the best option geologists have for answering the question of what the core is like, it is an imperfect science that requires all factors to be aligned perfectly to get reliable and acceptable results. Due to the unpredictability of seismic activity and worldwide cooperation that needs to be in place to get the best results, this method is shaky and often called into question. However, until scientists are able to create waves of their own that match the power and ability to penetrate as deep as seismic waves, we have no better means to determine what the centre of the earth is made of.