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ABSTRACT
w
Cp
hfg
B
B fine
&
me
&
mevap
P
Qtot
r
Sc
Sm
Se
T
Tbpe
Tsat
t
u
V
V fine
time (s)
velocity component in the x direction (m/s)
velocity vector (m/s)
total velocity (m/s)
total velocity for the fine mesh (m/s)
INTRODUCTION
NOMENCLATURE
Ao
V
B
&
min
105
106
Fluid properties
(1)
Turbulence modelling
(2)
+ (
t
(6)
(7)
uu
h
= ( h ) ( q ) + S e
t
(8)
(4)
Qtot = m e h fg + m in C p Tbpe
In equation 4, Tbpe is evaluated at the outlet and Cp is
evaluated at the inlet.
Evaporation
) = Sc
+ ( ) = P + 2 + g + S m
t
Heat flow
dP
= 100 .0u
dx
dP
= 100.0w
dz
(5)
107
Temperature (oC)
Measured
Predicted
Test No. 1:
A
55.1
56.2
B
55.0
56.2
C
57.0
56.2
outlet
55.2
56.2
Test No. 2:
A
55.5
56.2
B
55.1
56.2
C
57.3
56.2
outlet
55.4
56.1
Test No. 3:
A
55.5
58.2
B
55.1
58.2
C
57.3
58.2
outlet
55.4
58.2
Test No. 4:
A
58.0
58.5
B
57.3
58.5
C
58.8
58.5
outlet
57.4
58.5
Table 2:
Table 1:
63.5
65.0
63.6
63.1
63.0
63.0
62.9
62.9
64.4
65.7
64.5
63.7
63.0
63.0
62.9
63.6
68.5
72.9
67.1
67.5
67.4
67.4
67.4
67.4
68.1
69.1
66.7
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
Concentration (% wt)
Measured
Predicted
2
0.0
0.064
0.608
3
0.2
0.064
0.608
4
0.2
0.264
0.808
108
The model also shows that the design of the juice inlet
system, either deflector plate or otherwise, has a
significant effect on the concentration and temperature
distribution and hence, the boiling of the sugar solution.
Although simplistic, this model provides designers with a
means of testing various options to distribute the inlet flow
for more effective introduction to the calandria tubes. The
model also provides a starting platform for the
development of more complicated and accurate models of
the evaporator.
109
(9)
+ 3.7329B + 0.01781937B 2
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
(10)
(11)
5.84 10
REFERENCES
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PEACOCK, S. (1995), Predicting physical properties
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Manchester, England.
PENNISI, S. N. (2002), Summery of evaporator test
results Proserpine Mill, #4 evaporator 2002 crushing
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Queensland, Australia.
ROUILLARD, E.E.A (1985) A study of boiling
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STEINDL, R.J. and INGRAM, G.D. (1999), Improved
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398
WATSON, L. J. (1986), Heat transfer performance in
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110
(B 40)
+ 7.2 10
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