December 2011 Pre-Board Nursing Exam (NLE)

Question 1
Janna, 11 weeks pregnant reported that she has slight vaginal bleeding which nursing instruction is important to discuss to the pregnant woman at this point?

Please elevate your legs when taking your rest. It is best to come to the hospital immediately and stay here until the bleeding stops. You may stay at home but please restrict fluid intake. Restrict activities and take a best rest
Question 1 Explanation :Answer: D patients with threatened abortion need not to be admitted in the hospital !n ma"orit# o$ cases, bed rest is re%uired as it usuall# stops the bleeding in &' hours (owever, i$ bleeding persists hospitali)ation is necessar# to detect and prevent $urther complications All pads should also be saved $or examination and coitus should be avoided $or * weeks a$ter the bleeding stops +rgasm stimulates bleeding Question * ,hich signs should alert the nurse that reveals worsening o$ the Janna-s condition? Abdominal cramping .aginal bleeding /etal thrashing 0ervical dilatation Question 2 Explanation: Answer: D. The most important sign that distinguishes inevitable abortion from threatened is cervical dilatation. Question 1 A client is discharged $rom a hospital due to complete abortion ,hich o$ the $ollowing statements about complete abortion is true? A$ter complete abortion $urther medical and surgical treatment is necessar# 2o restore normal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, iron therap# is necessar# is considerable amount o$ blood is lost 2he $ollowing week a$ter abortion, the patient ma# experience menstrual3like $low and cramps ever# now and then All o$ these

Question 3 Explanation: Answer: A. suall! a complete abortion needs no further medical or surgical treatment. "o medication is li#el! needed. suall!$ the uterus contracts well after expelling the entire contents and the cervix are closed.

Question 4
/ollowing complete abortion, a client is advised to return to the hospital i$ this4these s#mptom4s occur:

evere pelvic pain !ypothermia Intermittent and slight vaginal bleeding "ll of these
Question % Explanation: Answer: A. &ollowing complete abortion$ a client is advised to return to the hospital if these s!mptoms occur: ' (rofuse vaginal bleeding ' )evere pelvic pain ' Temperature greater than *++&

Question #
,hich o$ the $ollowing iron preparation provides *56 elemental iron, 75 mg /e41*8 tablet?

$errous ulfate Ferrous Fumarate $errous gluconate "ny of these

Question , Explanation: Answer: -.' &errous )ulfate . provides 33/ elemental iron$ *+0 mg &e132, tablet ' &errous &umarate . provides 2+/ elemental iron$ 0+ mg &e132, tablet ' &errous gluconate . provides **.0/ elemental iron$ 32 mg &e132, tablet

Question %
/etal respirator# movements are evident at around which period?

&#'&% weeks "() *+'*& weeks "() 14-16 weeks AOG

,'11 weeks "()

Question 0 Explanation: Answer: 3. &etal respirator! movements are evident at around *%.*0 wee#s A45.

Question 2he earliest time an (09 can be detected in maternal urine and plasma is:

Right after fertili.ation 1++ days after fertili.ation &nd day after fertili.ation 9 days after fertilization
Question 6 Explanation: Answer: D. The earliest time an 735 can be detected in maternal urine and plasma is 2.8 da!s after fertili9ation.

Question /
,hich substance is trans$erred across the placenta via active transport?

"mino acids Iron Iodine All of these

Question 2 Explanation: Answer: D. )ubstances transferred across the placenta via active transport are: ' Amino acids ' :ron ' :odine ' ;ater soluble vitamins ' (hosphorous ' 3alcium

Question ,
:enedict-s test is done to pregnant women who are suspected o$ having:

"nemia Diabetes Preeclampsia 01I

Question 8 Explanation: Answer: -. -enedict<s test is a urine test for sugar.

Question 1+
2hese substances are trans$erred across the placenta b# di$$usion except:

Glucose (2ygen 3arbon dio2ide odium chloride

Question *+ Explanation: Answer: A. 5lucose crosses the placenta b! facilitated diffusion. 4x!gen$ 342 and sodium chloride cross the placenta via diffusion.

Question 11
,hich antibod# primaril# crosses the placenta?

Ig" !G Ig4 Ig5

Question ** Explanation:Answer: -. The antibod! that primaril! crosses the placenta is the :g5 t!pe

Question 1&
A pregnant client comes in to a maternit# clinic complaining o$ leg varicosities ,hich o$ the statements about leg varicosities during pregnanc# is true?

"aricosities are e#a!!erated durin! $re!nancy% 6eg varicosities become apparent during the second and third trimester of pregnancy when the uterus is large enough to allow blood to flow from lower e2tremities. 1he client should sit the whole day to prevent aggravation of varicosities. "ll of these
Question *2 Explanation:Answer: A. =eg varicosities become apparent during the second and third trimester of pregnanc! when the uterus is large enough to impede blood from the =E. (rolonged standing or sitting should be avoided b! pregnant clients to manage leg varicosities.

Question 1*
A child is admitted to the hospital due to croup ,hich signs when present would lead the nurse to suspect respirator# obstruction?

&yanosis 7ecreased pulse rate Rela2ed child 8leeding of gums

Question *3 Explanation:Answer: A. 3!anosis$ child thrashing$ increased >> and (> are signs of respirator! obstruction which re?uires intubation to maintain airwa!.

Question 14
,hich additional nursing measure4s is necessar# $or a client with croup?

Providing comfort Reduce child9s an2iety "dvise the parent to hold the child as necessary All of these%
Question *% Explanation:Answer: D. The measures listed in A$ and 3 are aimed at preventing the child from cr!ing that is prevented in croup as it ma! result to the total occlusion of the airwa!.

Question 1#
;utrition is an important part o$ health teaching to pregnant mothers ,hich o$ the $ollowing is a good source o$ iron?

'oy beans 5ilk (range :uice ;one of these

Question *, Explanation:Answer: A. &ood sources of iron: ' (or# liver @the best sourceA ' 4rgan and red meats ' )o! beans ' 3lams ' (eanuts ' Dar# green leaf! vegetables

Question 1%
2he nurse is conducting a :enedict-s test A$ter placing 8cc o$ :enedict-s solution in a test tube and adding ten drops o$ urine the solution turned orange 2his is best interpreted as:

;egative for sugar Positive one <=>

Positive two <==> (ositi)e three *+++,

Question *0 Explanation:Answer: D ' "egative for sugar . blue ' (ositive one @BA . green ' (ositive two @BBA C !ellow green ' (ositive three @BBBA C orange ' (ositive four @BBBBA C bric# red

Question 12he nurse "ust carried out the determination o$ <4= ratio to an in$ant <4= ratio test is ;+2 used to determine the $ollowing E>0E?2:

Fetal lun! maturity Presence of genetic blood disorders 3irculatory function of a neonate 3onfirm ac?uired diabetes
Question *6 Explanation:Answer: A. =1) ratio is a test used to determine fetal lung maturit! and survival after birth. =evels of lecithin and sphingom!elin in amniotic fluid are the same before 3% wee#s A45. 7owever$ the level of lecithin starts to rise after 3% wee#s. ;hen the =1) ratio is 2:*$ it signifies that fetal lung is mature.

Question 1/
,hen a pregnant woman is 0oomb-s positive, @ho9am is:

"dministered immediately -o lon!er administered "dministered after &4 hours ;ot necessary@ another 3oomb9s test needs to be done after a week
Question *2 Explanation:Answer: -. >ho5am is given to pregnant women which are >7 negative and 3oomb<s negative to prevent antibod! formation against >h positive blood. ;hen a woman is tested 3oomb<s positive$ >ho5am is no longer administered. :t is given at 22 wee#s A45 and within 62 hours after deliver!.

Question 1,
2he nurse is preparing a neonate $or phototherap# ,hich o$ the $ollowing statements about phototherap# is true?

It hastens maturity of the fetal lungs.

It enables the conversion of direct bilirubin to an indirect form It causes a neonate to e2crete a yellowish defecated product t enables the con)ersion of indirect bilirubin to a direct form
Question *8 Explanation:Answer: D. The purpose of a phototherap! is to hasten the maturit! of the fetal liver to enable it to convert indirect bilirubin to a direct form to be excreted out in the bod!. :t causes a neonate to excrete a greenish1tar.li#e defecated product.

Question &+
2he child is admitted with a diagnosis o$ a ,ilm-s tumor ,hich o$ the $ollowing should the nurse do?

Instruct the parents to avoid crying episodes as it may cause further respiratory problem (lace a .no abdominal $al$ation/ si!n in a hi!hly)isible s$ace in the client/s room% "ssist the client for a renal biopsy per doctor9s order "ll of these are essential for the nurse to perform
Question 2+ Explanation:Answer: -. ;ilm<s tumor is a cancer of the #idne!. The cancer cells enlarge rapidl! that ma! rupture if pressure is applied on the protruding area.

Question &1
,hich is not an important $actor $or a success$ul $irst stage labor?

ntra-abdominal $ressure 0terine contractions 3ervical dilatation ;one of the above

Question 2* Explanation:Answer: A. The pressure exerted b! the intra.abdominal pressure against the fundus caused b! maternal bearing down is the most important factor in the expulsion of the fetus during the second stage of labor. - and 3 are important factors during the first stage of labor.

Question &&
During the initial stage o$ the $irst stage o$ labor, which nursing action is the best?

"dministering analgesic "sking the woman to bear down nformin! the woman of the $ro!ress of labor )uiding the woman to perform panting and breathing rapidly

Question 22 Explanation:Answer: 3. ' Administering analgesic C done during the active phase of labor in case the patient cannot tolerate pain ' As#ing the woman to bear down C not allowed during the first stage of labor ' :nforming the woman of the progress of labor C gives the woman a sense of control. ' 5uiding the woman to perform panting and breathing rapidl! C done in the latter phase of the first stage of labor and during the second stage.

Question &*
=igns o$ placental separation appear within how man# minutes or hours a$ter the birth o$ the bab#?

1 hour & hours 0-10 minutes *+'%+ minutes

Question 23 Explanation:Answer: 3. During the third stage of labor$ signs of placental separation appear within ,.*, minutes after the birth of the bab!.

Question &4
,hich o$ the $ollowing is the $irst sign o$ placental separation?

udden gush of blood from the vagina 1terus becomin! firm and !lobular 6engthening of the umbilical cord Rising of the uterus to the level of the umbilicus

Question 2% Explanation:Answer: -. All of the items listed are signs of placental separation however$ uterus becoming firm and globular ta#es place first.

Question &#
Enema is contraindicated in which cases?

Ruptured bag of water "bnormal fetal heart rate Aaginal bleeding All of these
Question 2, Explanation:Answer: D. 3ontraindications to enema: ' >uptured bag of water ' Abnormal fetal heart rate ' Daginal bleeding ' "ot given during the active phase ' Abnormal fetal presentation and position ' &etus not !et engaged ' (remature labor because of the danger of cord prolapse ' Abnormal fetal heart rate pattern

Question &%
Ar Dinglasa underwent gastric resection 0are o$ this client postoperativel# should $ocus on which o$ the $ollowing?

piritual needs 8ody image ;utritional needs kin 3are

Question 20 Explanation:Answer: 3. After 5astric >esection$ a client ma! re?uire T(" or EeEunostom! tube feedings to maintain ade?uate nutritional status. a. )piritual needs C ma! be a concern$ depending on the client$ and should be addressed onl! when the client demonstrates readiness to share. b. -od! image C isn<t much of a problem since clothing can cover the incision site. c. "utritional needs C correct answer. d. )#in care C wound care of the incision is necessar! to prevent infection but nutritional needs after procedure is of utmost importance.

Question &,hich client is most likel# to develop rectal cancer?

!emorrhoids Peptic ulcer disease

7iverticulitis "denomatous polyps

Question 26 Explanation:Answer: D. A client with adenomatous pol!ps has a higher ris# of developing cancer than others do. 3lients with diverticulitis are more li#el! to develop colon cancer. 7emorrhoids do not increase the chance of an! t!pe of cancer. 3lients with ( D have a higher incidence of gastric ulcer.

Question &/
,hich diagnostic test ma# be per$ormed $or a client who is suspected o$ having a gastric cancer?

)astroscopy 8arium enema 3olonoscopy "ll of these

Question 22 Explanation:Answer: A. A gastroscop! will allow direct visuali9ation of the tumor. - and 3 are used to diagnose colon cancer.

Question &,
/ollowing gastric resection, the nurse should teach the client to watch $or which complication?

)astric spasm 3onstipation 7umping syndrome Increase gastric emptying

Question 28 Explanation:Answer: 3. Dumping s!ndrome is a problem that occurs after gastric resection because the ingested food enters the EeEunum without proper mixing and without normal duodenal digestive processing.

Question *+
Ars /arrid is suspected o$ having a rectal cancer ,hich o$ the $ollowing is expected to be exhibited b# the client?

Rectal bleeding "bdominal fullness )astric fullness R0Q pain

Question 3+ Explanation:Answer: A. A common s!mptom of rectal cancer is rectal bleeding which is often missed because other conditions such as hemorrhoids can cause bleeding in the rectum too.

Question *1
A$ter a colon cancer surger# which should the nurse expect to possibl# develop in the client?

3omplete bowel obstruction Peritonitis 7iverticulosis "ll of these

Question 3* Explanation:Answer: -. -owel spillage could occur during surger! which might result to peritonitis. 3omplete or partial intestinal obstruction ma! occur before bowel resection. Diverticulosis does not result from surger! for colon cancer.

Question *&
A$ter colon cancer surger#, the nurse noticed the client-s respirations to be deep and labored 2his is what t#pe o$ respiration pattern?

1achypnea 8iot9s respiration !yperpnea Bussmaul9s respiration

Question 32 Explanation:Answer: D. Fussmaul<s respiration is rapid$ deep and labored breathing pattern. -iot<s respiration is characteri9ed b! an irregular periods of apnea in a disorgani9ed se?uence of breaths.

Question **
,hich nursing management takes priorit# during the preoperative period $or a client with gastric cancer who is scheduled $or resection?

1eaching deep breathing e2ercises 7ischarge planning 3orrection of nutritional deficits Prevention of 7eep Aein 1hrombosis
Question 33 Explanation:Answer: 3. 3lients with gastric cancer commonl! have nutritional deficits and ma! be cachetic$ hence correcting the problem ta#es priorit! to be able to survive the operation.

Question *4
2he nurse is taking the histor# o$ a client with 0rohn-s disease ,hich o$ the $ollowing $actors is likel# to be linked to the illness?

!ereditary 7iet edentary lifestyle 3onstipation

Question 3% Explanation:Answer: A. Although the definitive cause of 3rohn<s disease is un#nown$ it is thought to be associated with infection$ immune and ps!chological factors. Due to the higher incidence in siblings$ it ma! have a genetic cause.

Question *#
A client with ulcerative colitis ma# be associated with which disorder?

1o2ic megacolon Presence of gallstones ;ephrolithiasis ;one of these

Question 3, Explanation:Answer: D. Toxic megacolon is extreme dilation of the segment of a diseased colon caused b! paral!sis of the colon which results in complete obstruction. This disorder is associated with both 3rohn<s disease and ulcerative colitis. The other disorders are more commonl! associated with 3rohn<s disease.

Question *%
/istulas in clients with 0rohn-s disease are most commonl# $ound in?

1ransverse colon Ileum "norectal Rectovaginal

Question 30 Explanation:Answer: 3. &istulas occur in all these areas$ but the anorectal area is most common because of the relative thinness of the intestinal wall in this part.

Question *,hich o$ the $ollowing s#mptoms is mani$ested b# a client diagnosed with a 0rohn-s disease?

8loody diarrhea teatorrhea ;arrow stools Pro:ectile vomiting

Question 36 Explanation:Answer: -. )teatorrhea occurs from the malabsorption in 3rohn<s disease.

Question */
/or a client diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, which s#mptom is most likel# mani$ested?

$istulas oft stools 7umping syndrome Rectal bleeding

Question 32 Explanation:Answer: D. The most predominant s!mptom of ulcerative colitis is rectal bleeding. A and - are more li#el! associated with 3rohn<s disease. 3 occurs after gastric resection.

Question *,
,ho promoted the principle o$ gaining patient independence and enumerated the 1& basic components o$ basic nursing care?

Airginia !enderson

7orothy Cohnson Rosemarie Ri..o Parse $aye )lenn "bdellah

Question 38 Explanation:Answer: A. Dirginia 7enderson promotes the principle of gaining patient independence and enumerated the *% basic components of basic nursing care. (arse defined nursing as a scientific discipline of performing art. Doroth! Gohnson defined nursing as having the main goal of fostering e?uilibrium within the individual. Abdellah is the one who grouped the 2* problem areas as a guide in promoting care to patients

Question 4+
A client has lactose intolerance 2o ensure ade%uate calcium intake, the nurse should advice the client to include which $ood in his diet?

3heese and yogurt 3ollard greens and spinach 8ananas and avocados 6iver and broccoli
Question %+ Explanation:Answer: -. Dar# green$ leaf! vegetables are the best nondair! sources of calcium. a. 3heese and !ogurt C dair! products which should be avoided b! the client b. 3ollard greens and spinach C correct answer c. -ananas and avocados C good sources of Ditamin F d. =iver and broccoli C sources of :ron

Question 41
Ar =armiento is diagnosed with Ewing-s sarcoma ,hich o$ the $ollowing test is most use$ul in determining the extent o$ metastasis?

31 scan 5RI 8one scan Position emission tomography

Question %* Explanation:Answer: 3. A bone scan reviews the entire s#eletal structure$ indicating areas if possible metastases. A$ -$ and D visuali9e onl! one bod! area at a time

Question 4&
,hat is the most common cause o$ osteom#elitis?

urgery 1rauma Immune suppression IA drug use

Question %2 Explanation:Answer: -. Trauma is the most common event causing osteom!elitis.

Question 4*
2he client with osteom#elitis is prescribed with !. o$ antibiotics !$ antibiotics don-t eliminate the condition, which is most commonl# done next?

8one grafts "mputation of the e2tremity 7ebridement of necrotic tissue !yperbaric o2ygen therapy
Question %3 Explanation:Answer: 3. The tissues ma! need to be debrided to eliminate necrotic tissue and allow new to form. -one graft is done after debridement. Amputation is not indicated for the treatment of osteom!elitis. Although$ h!perbaric ox!gen therap! is a new treatment modalit! for osteom!elitis that has produced

Question 44
,hich is ;+2 an immune reaction to in"ur#?

Presence of necrotic tissue with mast cells at the fractured area 1umor growth at the fractured long bone 1orn ligaments with e2udates below the torn ends "ll of these
Question %% Explanation:Answer: -. Tumor growth is the abnormal division and replication of cells that ma! result in fractures.

Question 4#
A dislocated hip will produce which s#mptoms?

Pain in the inguinal area resulting to abnormal gait

Pain in the hip where the thigh appears longer in the unaffected leg Pain relieved with pressure Internal rotation of the knee@ abduction if the leg
Question %, Explanation:Answer: A. A dislocated hip will create problems with wal#ing and the pain is often due to a pinched nerve in the Eoint.

Question 4%
+steoarthritis is correctl# described with which o$ the $ollowing?

Immune'mediated :oint disease Coint inflammation after a viral disease ;oninflammatory :oint disease ;one of these
Question %0 Explanation:Answer: 3. Degenerative Eoint disease$ also #nown as osteoarthritis is a Eoint disease due to the wear and tear on Eoints and is often seen in athletes.

Question 42o prevent sports related in"ur# which o$ the $ollowing is most e$$ective?

Darming up 8uilding strength Pacing the activity Dorking with mild intensity
Question %6 Explanation:Answer: A. The best wa! to prevent sports.related inEur! is to warm.up.

Question 4/
9as3$orming $oods are avoided with a client in a hip3spica cast ,hat is the reason $or this intervention?

1o prevent flatus 1o prevent constipation 1o prevent abdominal distention 1o prevent diarrhea

Question %2 Explanation:Answer: 3. A client with hip.spica cast should avoid gas.forming foods to prevent abdominal distention. 5as.forming foods ma! cause flatus$ but this isn<t a reason to avoid them.

Question 4,
A positive (oman-s sign with unilateral leg pain and edema might be a s#mptom o$ which condition?

$at emboli Infection 7eep vein thrombosis Pulmonary embolism

Question %8 Explanation:Answer: 3. unilateral leg pain and edema with a positive 7oman<s sign might be s!mptoms of DDT.

Question #+
2he $irst main goal o$ @ehabilitation is which o$ the $ollowing?

Improved "76 performance Preventing the actual occurrence of the disease (ptimal functioning 4arly detection of the disease
Question ,+ Explanation:Answer: A. The main focus in rehabilitation is improving the activities of dail! living of a person. =etter - is the goal of (rimar! prevention$ while optimal functioning @3A is the second primar! focus of rehabilitation. =etter D is goal of secondar! prevention.

Question #1
During a client interview the Dan, *7 #ears old, told the nurse that he has been clean $rom drugs $or 8 #ears alread# but li$e still remained the same ,hich o$ the $ollowing concepts should the nurse $urther explore in the client?

Personal development 3onflict resolution 3areer development 4ducation

Question ,* Explanation:Answer: A. True recover! includes changing the client<s distorted thin#ing and wor#ing on personal and emotional development. -efore pursuing -$ 3 and D the

client needs to divert energ! on personal development.

Question #&
A client suspected o$ cocaine abuse is brought to the E@ ,hich o$ the $ollowing ph#sical $indings is expected to be mani$ested b# the client?

)lossitis Pharyngitis 8ilateral ear infections Perforated nasal septum

Question ,2 Explanation:Answer: D. ;hen cocaine is snorted fre?uentl!$ the client often develops a perforated nasal septum.

Question #*
2o indicate the severit# o$ a client-s drug withdrawal which area re%uires thorough assessment?

6iver function 4go strength Bidney function ei.ure history

Question ,3 Explanation:Answer: A. =iver function status is an important variable that can be used to indicate the severit! of a client<s drug withdrawal.

Question #4
A $amil# expressed concern about a member who has stopped using amphetamines $or 1 months According to the $amil#, the client is still acting paranoid ,hich o$ the $ollowing nurse-s explanation is the best?

ometimes family dynamics and a high suspicion of continued use make a person paranoid. " person gets symptoms of paranoia with polysubstance abuse Dhen a person uses amphetamines@ paranoid tendencies may continue for months.

"mphetamine abusers may have a severe an2iety and paranoid thinking.

Question ,% Explanation:Answer: 3. After a client uses amphetamines$ there ma! be long.term effects that exist for months after use which are commonl! paranoia and ideas and references.

Question ##
,hen the client saw two people walking in the hall taking to each other, he immediatel# told the nurse that the# are planning to kill him ,hich o$ the $ollow thought patterns is this client exhibiting?

Ideas of reference 7elusions of grandeur 4cholalia "uditory hallucinations

Question ,, Explanation:Answer: A. A client with ideas of reference mista#enl! believes that other people<s thoughts$ speech and behaviors refer to the client.

Question #%
,hich is the most common t#pe o$ hallucination?

Aisual "uditory 1actile ;one of these

Question ,0 Explanation:Answer: -. Auditor! hallucinations are the most common s!mptoms of clients with schi9ophrenia

Question #As D#na is taking an antips#chotic medication 2he nurse noted that the client is showing signs o$ d#stonic reactions, torticollis and oculog#ric crisis ,hich medication should the nurse expect to be given to As D#na?

$luo2etine 8en.tropine 7ia.epam 3hlordia.epo2ide

Question ,6 Explanation:Answer: -. a. &luoxetine C (ro9ac : antidepressant b. -en9tropine C 3ogentin : anticholinergic c. Dia9epam C Dalium : ben9odia9epine d. 3hlordia9epoxide C =ibrium: ben9odia9epine

Question #/
A client is diagnosed with paranoid schi)ophrenia ,hich o$ the $ollowing nursing interventions is most appropriate $or this client?

3larify the content of the client9s delusions 42plain procedures before doing it 7efend yourself when hostile behavior is manifested by the client Provide a warm approach by touching the client
Question ,2 Explanation:Answer: -. Explaining ever!thing !ou do will prevent misinterpretation of the actions b! a paranoid client.

Question #,
/our clients have signaled their call bells $or the nurse ,ho should be seen $irst?

Patient "@ who needs to use the toilet. Patient 8@ who does not have his glasses or hearing aid. Patient 3@ who has :ust been given morphine. Patient 7@ in a geri chair with a restraint vest on.
Question ,8 Explanation:Answer: 3. An adverse reaction to an! drug can be life.threatening and should be dealt with first. Horphine is a respirator! depressant.

Question %+
!n relation to obtaining in$ormed consent $rom a 1B3#ear3old adolescent, the nurse should remember that the adolescent

7oes not have the legal capacity to give consent Is not able to make an acceptable or intelligent choice. Is able to give voluntary consent when parents are not available. Dill most likely be unable to choose between alternatives when asked to consent.

Question 0+ Explanation:Answer: A. An individual is legall! unable to sign consent until the age *2 !ears. The onl! exception is the emancipated minor$ a minor who is self.sufficient$ or married.

Question %1
An example o$ intentional tort is

;egligence 5alpractice 8reach of duty $alse imprisonment

Question 0* Explanation:Answer: D. &alse imprisonment is a wrong committed b! one person against another in a willful intentional wa! without Eust cause and1or excuse. A$ - and 3 are all unintentional torts.

Question %&
Alexa has been medicated $or surger# 2he +@ nurse, when going through the clientCs chart reali)es that the consent $orm has not been signed ,hich o$ the $ollowing is the best action $or the nurse to take?

"ssume it is emergency surgery and the consent is implied. )et the consent form and have the client sign it. 1ell the physician that the consent form is not signed. !ave a family member sign the consent form.
Question 02 Explanation:Answer: 3. :t is the ph!sicianIs responsibilit! to obtain the consent and to ensure that the signer is competent. A medicated client generall! is not deemed competent and the surger! ma! have to be postponed.

Question %*
2he patient-s cousin is a ph#sician and wants to see the chart ,hich o$ the $ollowing is the best response $or the nurse to take?

!and the cousin the clientEs chart to review "sk the patient to sign an authori.ation@ and have someone review the chart with the cousin. 3all the attending physician and have the doctor speak with the cousin.

1ell the cousin that the re?uest cannot be granted.

Question 03 Explanation:Answer: -. The client must agree to and sign an authori9ation before the others can review the chart$ including insurance companies. Host institution re?uires someone on staff to review the chart with the client or client representative.

Question %4
,hich t#pe o$ research design does not manipulate the independent variable?

42perimental design Quasi'e2perimental design ;on'e2perimental design Quantitative design

Question 0% Explanation:Answer: 3. "on.experimental designs$ such as historical and descriptive research designs$ do not involve manipulation of variables

Question %#
An example o$ management $unction o$ a nurse is

1eaching patient to do breathing and coughing e2ercises. Preparing for a surprise party for a client. Performing nursing procedures for clients. 7irecting and evaluating the staff nurses
Question 0, Explanation:Answer: D. Hanagerial functions of nurses include planning$ organi9ing$ directing$ and evaluating1controlling.

Question %%
Adrenal insu$$icienc# develops secondar# to the inade%uate secretion o$ which o$ the $ollowing pituitar# hormones?

1hyroid'stimulating hormone <1 !> $ollicle'stimulating hormone <$ !> 3orticotropin "ntidiuretic hormone <"7!>
Question 00 Explanation:Answer: 3. :nade?uate secretion of corticotropin from the pituitar! glands results in adrenal insufficienc!.

Question %,hen there is an excessive secretion o$ vasopressin which condition will most likel# occur?

7iabetes insipidus yndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone 1hyroto2ic crisis Primary adrenocortical insufficiency
Question 06 Explanation:Answer: -. ):AD7 occurs as a result of excessive vasopressin

Question %/
2his disorder is suggested when there is pol#dipsia and large amounts o$ waterlike urine with a speci$ic gravit# o$ 1 551:

7iabetes mellitus 7iabetic ketoacidosis I"7! 7iabetic insipidus

Question 02 Explanation:Answer: D. Diabetic insipidus is characteri9ed b! a great thirst and large amounts of waterli#e urine which has a specific gravit! of *.++* to *.++,. diabetes mellitus presents with pol!dipsia$ pol!uria and pol!phagia but the client also has h!pergl!cemia.

Question %,
!$ $luid intake is limited in a client with diabetes insipidus which o$ the $ollowing will most likel# develop?

evere dehydration and hypernatremia Peripheral edema and hyperglycemia )lucosoria and weight gain !ypertension and bradycardia
Question 08 Explanation:Answer: A. A client with diabetes insipidus has high volumes of urine$ even without fluid replacement. 7ence$ limiting fluid inta#e will result to sever deh!dration and h!pernatremia.

Question -+

A$ter receiving analgesic the client with skeletal traction complained o$ pain a$ter an hour ,hich alternative pain management measure can the nurse implement within the scope o$ her practice?

"cupressure and shiatsu wedish massage !ypnosis and therapeutic touch Rela2ation and imagery
Question 6+ Explanation:Answer: D. >elaxation and imager! are effective adEuncts to pharmacologic pain management that the nurse can implement without a ph!sician<s order.

Question -1
2he nurse made a mistake in giving the medicine to the wrong client 2he clientCs doctor is noti$ied and the nurse wrote an incident report ,hich o$ the $ollowing is the nurse demonstrating:

Responsibility "ccountability "uthority "utocracy

Question 6* Explanation:Answer: -. Accountabilit! pertains to liabilit! to oneIs actions1duties. The nurse is liable for giving the wrong medication. >esponsibilit! on the other hand$ is the obligation of a person to perform a tas# to the best of his1her abilit!.

Question -&
,hat does a sample group represent?

3ontrol group )eneral Population tudy sub:ects 0niverse

Question 62 Explanation:Answer: -. 5roup population. A sample represents a portion of the population from which it is selected if the aggregate characteristics of the sample closel! approximate the same aggregate characteristic of the population. 3ontrol group pertains to the group that does not receive an! treatment. )tud! subEects refer to the actual people who are actuall! selected to participate in the stud!. niverse pertains to the larger group to which the population belongs.

Question -*
,hich o$ the $ollowing sampling methods allow the use o$ an# group o$ research sub"ect?

Purposive now'ball 3onvenience Quota

Question 63 Explanation:Answer: 3. :n convenience1accidental1incidental sampling$ data are collected from an!one most convenientl! available. (urposive1Eudgmental sampling involves a criteria from which a person has to ?ualif! first. )now.ball1networ# sampling involves subEects suggesting or referring other subEects. Quota sampling involves specified numbers of persons of certain t!pes are included in the sample.

Question -4
,hat is the $inal step o$ researching?

7efining the specific problems. 7isseminating the findings. 5aking a nursing diagnosis. Planning and intervention.
Question 6% Explanation:Answer: -. The final step of the research process is information dissemination.

Question -#
,hich among the $ollowing approaches demonstrate trans$ormational leadership?

1he leader stimulates group interest in establishing unit goals that contribute to agency mission. 1he leader forms subgroups or task forces to create possible solutions to unit problems. 1he leader provides funding for continuing education. 1he leader ad:usts hisFher strategies to fit the current situation.
Question 6, Explanation:Answer: A. A transformational leader motivates and inspires people b! helping group members see the importance and higher good of the tas#.

Question -%
,hich o$ the $ollowing statement is correct?

If people are not attending to the services offered by the health staff@ the team must reassess the needs of the people In participatory approach@ the nurse must devotedly adhere to what the people want In a peasant community where people are fighting for land ownership@ the nurse must not participate as this is not a health concern ;urses must not :oin protest actions as nurses should always be neutral at all times
Question 60 Explanation:Answer: A. :f people are not attending to the services offered b! the health staff$ the team must reassess the needs of the people. This is base on the principle that 3ommunit! 7ealth "ursing is based on the recogni9ed needs of individuals$ families$ communities and groups.

Question -2he $actor in the ecos#stem a$$ecting the individuals health that is involved in the provision o$ essential health services whether communit#3based, accessible, sustainable and a$$ordable is the:

ocio'economic influences !ealth 3are 7elivery ystem 8ehavioral Political

Question 66 Explanation:Answer: -. 7ealth 3are Deliver! )!stem is the factor in the ecos!stem affecting the individual<s health that is involved in the provision of essential health services whether communit!.based$ accessible$ sustainable and affordable. Although promotive and preventive health measures are emphasi9ed in communit! health$ the availabilit! and accessibilit! of curative and rehabilitative services also affect peopleIs health.

Question -/
,hich among the $ollowing is incorrect about the health status o$ the /ilipino people?

!ypertension is the leading cause of maternal death 1he fertility rate is *.# children per woman wherein women aged 1#'&4 years are the age group with the lowest

unmet need for family planning services 1here are lesser adult women who die due to accidents and in:uries compared to adult males "mong adolescent aged 1,@ there are about 1&G of the young people who are already se2ually active
Question 62 Explanation:Answer: -. The 2++3 fertilit! rate in the countr! remains at 3., children per woman$ much higher than the desired fertilit! rate of 2., children per woman. 7owever$ option is an incorrect statement because ;omen aged *,.2% !ears are the age group with the highest$ not lowest$ unmet need for famil! planning services at 20/. 4ption A is a correct statement because according the 2+++ (hilippine health )tatistics$ 2,/ of all maternal deaths are due to h!pertension$ 2+.3/ to postpartum hemorrhage and 8/ to pregnanc! with abortive outcomes. 4ption 3 is correct because there are lesser adult women who die due to accidents and inEuries compared to adult males @20.2,/A. option D is a correct statement because among adolescent aged *8$ there are about *2/ of the !oung people who are alread! sexuall! active and b! age 2%$ %,/ of women are alread! mothers.

Question -,
0ertain D+( programs utili)e an acceptable decision to which the nurse has to $ollow ,hat should the public health nurse do to a program3based case?

5anage the case Refer to the physician Provide first aid treatment Refer the case to the ne2t level of care
Question 68 Explanation:Answer: A. :n triaging$ a public health nurse manage a program.based case. 3ertain programs of the D47 li#e the :H3: utili9e an acceptable decision to which the nurse has to follow in the management of a simple case. All non. program based cases are refer to the ph!sician @option -A. All emergenc! cases are provided with first aid treatment and refer the case to the next level of care @option 3 and DA.

Question /+
,hen the nurse reviews the records o$ the $amil# in the clinic, in what phase o$ the visit is this?

Preparatory phase Post visit phase !ome visit phase

Recording phase
Question 2+ Explanation:Answer: A. :n the (reparator! phase$ the nurse reviews the records of the famil! in the clinic.

Question /1
During an in$ection control seminar, the speaker speci$ied that prevention o$ the spread o$ (!. include the $ollowing measures E>0E?2:

Patients with "I7 should be isolated 8lood and other specimens should be labeled "I7 Precaution ;eedles should be disposed into a puncture resistant container 8lood spills should be cleaned with chloro2
Question 2* Explanation:Answer: A. (atients with A:D) are immunocompromised. >everse isolation is re?uired. -ut this does no prevent the spread of A:D).

Question /&
A 753#ear old h#pertensive male client expresses concern about his sexual $unctioning ,hich %uestion is most help$ul $or this client in obtaining $urther assessment data?

$amily history e2ual practices 5edication history 5edical conditions

Question 22 Explanation:Answer: 3. Han! antih!pertensive medications can affect sexual functioningJ the nurse must assess if the client is ta#ing other medication that ma! also alter sexual functioning.

Question /*
,hich o$ the $ollowing drugs is associated with dela#ed e"aculation?

"nticoagulants "ntibiotics "ntihypertensives teroids

Question 23 Explanation:Answer: 3. Antih!pertensive agents can cause or contribute to sexual d!sfunction.

Question /4
A client has "ust undergone perineal prostatectom#, which o$ the $ollowing permanent complications might the nurse expect to see in the client?

8leeding 4rectile dysfunction Infection Pneumonia

Question 2% Explanation:Answer: -. After a perineal prostatectom!$ a maEor complication is erectile d!sfunction. As with an! surger! A$ 3 and D ma! be noticed but these are not permanent conditions

Question /#
,hich causes the severe headache in increase !0??

tretching of the meninges 3ervical hypere2tension Refle2 spasm of the neck e2tensors to splint the neck against cervical fle2ion 3erebral ischemia related to altered circulation
Question 2, Explanation:Answer: A. The mechanism producing the headache that accompanies increase :3( ma! be the stretching of the meninges and pain fibers associated with blood vessels.

Question /%
;uchal rigidit# is indicated in which $indings?

Positive kernig9s sign ;egative brud.inski9s sign Positive homan9s sign ;egative kernig9s sign
Question 20 Explanation:Answer: A. A positive Fernig<s sign indicates nuchal rigidit! which is caused b! a lesion of the subarachnoid spaces. A positive brud9ins#i<s sign also indicates

the same condition.

Question /0hildren with m#elomeningocele and h#drocephalus ma# demonstrate problems relating to the damage o$ the white matter caused b# ventricular enlargement 2his damage ma# mani$est itsel$ in which condition?

Inability to speak 4arly hand dominance Impaired intellectual functions $laccid paralysis of the lower e2tremities
Question 26 Explanation:Answer: 3. Damage to the white matter caused b! ventricular enlargement has been lin#ed to the impairment of intellectual and perceptual abilities often seen in children with spina bifida.

Question //
<arge bod# areas o$ sensor# and motor impairment associated with m#elomeningocele necessitate which o$ the $ollowing nursing interventions?

)entle stretching of contractures Aigorous active range'of'motion e2ercises $re?uent turning side'to'side and prone'to'spine Beeping skin dry and avoiding the use of emollients and lubricants
Question 22 Explanation:Answer: A. Areas of sensor! and motor impairment re?uire meticulous care$ including >4H exercises to prevent contractures as well as stretching of contractures when indicated.

Question /,
Auscles in a child with muscular d#stroph# will have which o$ the $ollowing characteristics?

oft on palpation $irm or woody on palpation 42tremely hard on palpation ;o muscle consistency on palpation
Question 28 Explanation:Answer: -. Huscles will often be firm on palpation secondar! to the infiltration of fatt! tissue and connective tissue into the muscle.

Question ,+
,hich muscular d#stroph# is most severe?

7uchenne9s $ascioscapulohumeral 6imb girdle 5yotonia

Question 8+ Explanation:Answer: A. )tudies have shown that Duchenne<s is the most sever form of muscular d!stroph!.

Question ,1
Acetabular d#splasia is best described as:

Partial dislocation of the head of the femur "udible clicking of the femur 6igamentous la2ity of the :oint 7elay in acetabular development
Question 8* Explanation:Answer: -. Acetabular d!splasia is characteri9ed b! an underdevelopment of the acetabular ridge.

Question ,&
,hich best describes the rate o$ onset o$ $ascioscapulohumeral d#stroph#?

$ast low Present at birth Present in late adolescent

Question 82 Explanation:Answer: -. The progression of this disease is slow not fast. :t is difficult to detect at birth and is present in earl! adolescent.

Question ,*
!n caring $or a neonate with cle$t lip and palate, which o$ the $ollowing issues is $irst encountered b# the nurse?

$eeding difficulties (perative care

Pain management Parental reaction

Question 83 Explanation:Answer: D. (arents t!picall! show strong negative responses to this deformit!. The! ma! mourn the loss of a perfect child. 7elping the parents cope with their child<s condition is the first step. &eeding issues are important but parents must first cope with the realit! of their neonate<s condition. )urgical repair is dela!ed until 0.*2 wee#s of age. This deformit! is not painful.

Question ,4
<ogan bow is needed postoperativel# in which o$ the $ollowing structural de$ects?

4sophageal atresia 3left lip or palate !iatal hernia 1racheoesophageal fistula

Question 8% Explanation:Answer: -. :mmediatel! after surger! for cleft lip or palate$ the =ogan bow$ a thin arched metal device is used to protect the suture line from tension.

Question ,#
,hich is the initial sign o$ lead poisoning?

"nemia 7iarrhea (vereating Paralysis

Question 8, Explanation:Answer: A. =ead is dangerousl! toxic to the bios!nthesis of heme. The reduced heme molecule in >-3 causes anemia.

Question ,%
,hich condition ma# occur during chelation therap# in a child with lead poisoning?

!ypercalcemia !ypocalcemia !yperglycemia

!ypoglycemia
Question 80 Explanation:Answer: -. A calcium chelating agent is used for the treatment of lead poisoning$ so calcium is removed from the bod! with the lead. 7!pocalcemia$ not h!percalcemia occurs.

Question ,,hich is the best wa# to prevent lead poisoning in children?

4ducate the child 4ducate the public Identify high risk groups Provide home chelation kits.
Question 86 Explanation:Answer: -. -! educating others about lead poisoning$ including the danger signs$ s!mptoms and treatment$ identification can be determined ?uic#l!.

Question ,/
A child is diagnosed with scarlet $ever 2he nurse assesses the child knowing that which o$ the $ollowing is not a clinical mani$estation associated with this disease?

PastiaEs sign Dhite strawberry tongue 4dematous and beefy@ red colored pharyn2 Boplik spots
Question 82 Explanation:Answer: D. Fopli# spots are associated with rubeola. (astiaIs sign describes a rash that is seen in scarlet fever that will blanch with pressure except in areas of deep creases and folds of the Eoints. The tongue is initiall! coated with a white furr! covering with red proEecting papillae @white strawberr! tongueA. The phar!nx is edematous and beef! red in color.

Question ,,
!n order to con$irm the diagnosis o$ =nail $ever, #ou advise patient to have, which o$ these examination:

H'ray of the abdomen 0rinalysis tool e2amination

383
Question 88 Explanation:Answer: 3. The male and female parasites live in blood vessels of intestines and liver$ but the eggs are laid in the terminal capillar! vessels in the submucosa of the intestines$ and through the ulcerations reach the lumen of the intestines and pass out with the feces.

Question 1++
<aborator# con$irmation o$ malaria is done on a blood $ilm ,hat do #ou expect to see in the $ilm?

"ntibodies 5alarial purinates 5alarial parasites "ntigen

Question *++ Explanation:Answer: 3. As sporo9oites from the salivar! gland of a female Anopheles mos?uito are inEected under the s#in$ the! travel into the bloodstream to the liver and mature within hepatoc!tes. p to 3+$+++ parasites are then released into the bloodstream as mero9oites and produce a s!mptomatic infection as the! invade and destro! red blood cells.

@esults