Keypoints for Ongkiko and Flor (Societal Problems) Necessity is the mother of invention.

mother of invention. In 1960s the need to address pervasive problems in countries with post -colonial backgrounds prompted the evolution of development communication as a professional and scientific discipline. Pp. 7 There is a strong tendency for us to become insensitive and desensitized to these problems. Pp. 8 DevCom grew in response to these societal problems. One of its underlying assumptions is that these problems may be traced to root causes and these root causes, may in turn be remedied by information and communication. Pp. 8 Poverty is the most menacing of these problems. Pp. 9 Poverty is a problem that brings with it a host of other virulent problems, such as societal instability, vices and diseases. Pp. 9 Six out of 10 Filipinos are poor based on National Census and Statistics Office (NCSO) Pp. 10 Being poor means being unable to eat properly, clothe properly, purchase medicines or dwell in a safe, uncomfortable shelter; means unable to get an education because of lack of money. Pp. 10 You are unemployed when you do not earn for a living; Underemployed when your job requires skills way below what you trained for and paid way below your worth. Pp. 10-11 World Population has reached 6 billion mark and is rapidly increasing. Pp. 11 Seven out of the 10 most highly populated nations are developing countries. Pp.11 All men are not created equal. Some are born rich, others are born poor etc. However, everyone should be provided with the opportunity to develop, to realize his or her full potential. Pp. 11-12 Biodiversity is the hallmarks of all its major ecosystems upland, lowland and coastal. Yet these ecosystems are surely being degraded at an alarming rate.Pp.13 In the past 50 years, 70 percent of our primary forests have been logged-over. Agri-lands are being converted to industrial parks and residential subdivisions. The loss of arable land poses not only environmental problem but food security problems as well. Pp. 13 Cities and inland waters suffer from unabated industrial pollution that causes an ever-widening range of skin, respiratory, neurological and other diseases. Pp. 13 Two decades ago, estimated 68 percent of our population lived below the borderline between nutrition and malnutrition. 75% suffer from Vit. A deficiency; 70% of the children are anemic and has internal parasites. Pp. 14 Underdeveloped countries are cursed with undernutrition while in the West where the poor cannot afford gyms and diet programs are obesed.Pp.14 Contemporary wars are not being waged by countries but cultures. Pp. 14 There are four major paradigms used in analyzing underdevelopment, namely: the technological, the economic the structural and values paradigm. Pp. 45 The primary cause of underdevelopment is the lack of technical know-how in the third world. Pp.45 The economic paradigm forwards that under-development is a function of economic policy. Pp. 46 These statements attribute societal problems to social structures i.e. governments, institut ions, so-called establishment, capitalistic economic system, the oligarchy, monarchy, etc. This paradigm assumes that existing social orders dictating classes, and castes , the ruler and the ruled, as well as explicit and implicit laws that govern them have innate deficiencies and contradictions that breed inequality. Pp. 49

Keypoints for McPhail, Thomas (Reframing the Role of the Media) Expert Ernest Wilson in 2006 points out that more than 80 countries have a lower per capita income today than a decade ago. Pp. 2 World War II is the point when major aid, interventions and the beginnings of modernization planning schemes commenced. Pp. 2 This disctinct lack of progress has led to a movement to replace rather than replicate the mistakes, theories, and practices of the past. Pp. 2 DevCom is the process of intervening in a systematic or strategic manner with either media, or education, for the purpose of positive social change. Pp.3

BRJM200L Development Broadcasting

Mackvel P. Gula 11/14/2013

After more than six decades of development the Third World still lack access in modern telecommunications and mass media. Pp 3 Corruption and authoritarian regimes have been a constant drain on funds designed to aid the poor, particularly women in rural and remote areas. Pp.5-6 In 1958 Daniel Lerner wrote his now classic The Passing of Traditional Society, which focused on the role of media in conveying actions and models needed to allow economic gains and by those mostly in agrarian societies. Pp. 6 The economic path to modernization, which the poor nations needed to follow, was detailed in a 1960 book by Walter Rostow titled, The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto. Pp.7 In 1968 Paul Deustschmann, Ellington Huber, and John McNelly produced Communication and Social Change in Latin America Introducing New Technology. Pp. 7 Liberation Theology has had three fairly distinct phases and was originally connected to the Catholic Churcha but now has expanded in concept and practice to other religions as well. Pp. 11 Close to 5,000 development practitioners form over 100 southern hemisphere countries have attended the workshops and seminars at the Institute since its inception. Pp. 13

Keypoints in What is Development? Development was the desired goal or end-state for countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, all with agriculturebased economies and post-colonial histories, some of which ravaged by the war. Pp. 21 1960s became the First Decade of Development. Pp. 21 The most accurate measure of Development was the gross national product (GNP), the total money value of the goods and services produced by a country in a given year. Pp. 21 It was also on this decade that international financial institutions such as International bank for Reconstruction and Development or the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank began investing heavily in development programs in the developing world. Pp. 22 Development was no longer defined as economic growth measured by the gross national product. The term began to assume a deeper meaning, the improvement of the quality of life the individual. Pp.23 Foremost among the new development thinkers was a German named E.F Schumacher and an Englishman named Dudley Seers. Pp. 23 In October 1973, the Development Academy of the Philippines launched the Social Indicators Project to develop a comprehensive measure for development. Pp. 24 80s became known as the Third Development Decade. By this time, widespread disillusionment on the slow pace of and frustrations in development work has made the use of the phrase superfluous, Pp. 25 Several landmark concerns were introduced: Women in Development (WID), Environment, Social Dimensions, Indigenous People, and Sustainable Development. Pp 25-27

Keypoints in The Context of Social Marketing and Social Mobilization Socmob exist in support of development. They are used by the governments and development workers to facilitate development. Pp. 2 Gonzales defined development as a quest for an improved quality of life for all. Pp. 2 Before the present-day complex picture of development evolved, the world defined development simply as the increase in gross national product (GNP). This means that development was seen as purely economic in nature. Pp. 4 People-centered development relies on individuals, households, and communities as main deliverers. Thus, development is said to be participatory. Pp. 7 External efforts alone cannot bring development to a community. Pp. 7 People-Centered development is also sustainable. In other words, it meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future to meet their needs. Pp. 8 DevCom is the use of communication in development work. Pp. 10 Commercial Marketing is the use of several methods and techniques such as advertisements and promotions to facilitate the sale of a product. Pp. 11 Social Marketing is the design, implementation and control of programs calculated to influence the acceptability of social ideas, involving considerations of product, pricing, communication and market needs. Pp. 11

BRJM200L Development Broadcasting

Mackvel P. Gula 11/14/2013

Mckee defined social mobilization as the process of bringing together all feasible and practical inter -sectoral and social allies to raise peoples awareness of the demand for a particular development program, to assist in the delivery of resources and services, and to strengthen community participation for sustainability and self-reliance Pp. 12

BRJM200L Development Broadcasting

Mackvel P. Gula 11/14/2013