RODENT REPELLENT

Karan Shah (Roll No. 52), Kinjal Shah, (Roll No. 53), Dheeraj Shetty (Roll No. 54) EXTC Department, Mumbai University, S.F.I.T., Borivli (W), Mumbai, India.
Abstract--This document is a report for realizing the project of Rodent Repellent. The document contains the principle idea of the project. It also comprises of the circuit diagram, component list, circuit operation, PCB making procedure and related diagrams, circuit operation and results.

discharging. The capacitor charges and discharge at different rateit has to charge through h R1 and R2, but it only discharges through R3. Thus, we can adjust the length of the output's highs and lows by adjusting these resistors.

I. INTRODUCTION
Rodents cause nuisance to human beings in day to day life by spreading diseases like plague. They make the foodstuff toxic. These problems are very common in remote areas. Thus there arises a need to prevent such occurrences Rodent Repellent circuit emits ultrasonic sound. This noise is not audible to human beings therefore it has the added advantage of being non toxic compared to other chemical repellants. The sound irritates the rodents and thus they are repelled.

II. CIRCUIT DETAILS

A. Circuit Diagram:
Fig.2 Astable mode of IC 555

According to Fig.2: The length of a output high is equal to: thigh=0.693*(R1+R2)*C1 The length of a output low is equal to: tlow=0.693*(R2)*C1 Each period consists of an output high and output low, so the total period is equal to: T=thigh + tlow = 0.693(R1+2R2)*C1 and the frequency is:
Fig.1 Circuit Diagram of Rodent Repellent

B. Detailed Working: Fig.1 shows the entire circuit diagram of Rodent Repellent. IC 555:-The output of a 555 timer is either high (close to +VCC) or low (close to GND). Inside the 555 timer is a voltage divider that divides +VCC in two thirds. A voltage comparator compares the trigger input (pin 2) with 1/3 VCC, and another comparator compares the threshold (pin 6) with 2/3 VCC. The point at 2/3 VCC on the voltage divider is connected to the control voltage (pin 5). This pin can be used to modify the values of 1/3 VCC and 2/3 VCC without having to change VCC. However, if this input is not going to be used, it should be grounded through a bypass capacitor (0.01uF) to protect it from noise. Astable mode:- The fig.2 shows the basic astable mode of IC 555. In the astable mode, the circuit will keep retriggering itself, resulting in a pulse train. The circuit for the 555 in astable mode looks like this:In this case, the capacitor charges and discharges between 1/3 VCC and 2/3 VCC. The 555's output will the high while charging, and low while

f=1/T = 1.44/((R1+2R2)*C1) Substituting our component values we get the desired frequency of 50Khz. The duty cycle, often expressed as a percentage, is defined as the length of the pulse divided by the length of the period D=thigh/(T)

Fig.3 Waveform of IC 555 in Astable Mode

The charging and the discharging time decides the T on and Toff of output waveform. The threshold voltage value is 0.667 of the maximum voltage that is the Vcc typically as depicted with the help of Fig.3. 2SC1162:-

Fig.4 2SC1162 Table 1. Absolute maximum ratings(Ta=25 C) Items Symbol Ratings Unit Collector to VCBO 35 V base voltage Collector to VCEO 35 V emitter voltage Emitter to base VEBO 5 V voltage Collector IC 2.5 A current Collector peak IC(peak) 3 A current Collector power PC 0.75 W dissipation Junction Tj 150 C temperature Storage Tstg -55 to +150 C temperature Data sheet of 2SC1162

Fig.5 Frequency response of piezoelectric speaker

The IC 555 is operated in astable mode with the specified component values. It generates 50Khz frequency . This signal is amplified by 2SC1162 and given to piezo electric speaker . Thus the speaker generates an ultrasonic sound which is not audible to human beings. This high frequency irritates rodents thus repelling them. It is observed on CRO . C. Component List with Cost Refer Table 2 for the component list.
SR. NO. 1 2 3 4 5 Table 2. Component List COMPONENT QUANTITY IC 555 2SC1162 Piezo Speaker Capacitors a) Resistors a) b) c) d) 6 TOTAL 480 1K 1.8K 5.6K 1 1 1 1 1 1/1/2/2/20/61/2.2nF 2 Each: 1/1 1 1 COST (in Rs.) 5/20/8/-

It is a transistor which is used for amplifying low frequency signal as shown in Fig.4 .The output is taken from the centre terminal which is the collector. This transistor takes the square input of IC 555 and then converts it into a form of spikes. These are high frequency pulses which are in a range of 40 Khz to 50 Khz. Piezo Electric Speaker:- The Piezo Electric Speaker now produces the output of the desired frequency which is an ultrasonic sound. Piezoelectric speakers have several advantages over conventional loudspeakers: they are resistant to overloads which would normally destroy most high frequency drivers, and they can be used without a crossover due to their electrical properties. There are also disadvantages: some amplifiers can oscillate when driving capacitive loads like most piezoelectrics, which results in distortion or damage to the amplifier. Additionally, their frequency response, in most cases, is inferior to that of other technologies. Fig.5 shows the frequency response of the speaker. One of the main disadvantages is that their frequency response, more often than not, is quite substandard in comparison to other prevalent technologies. The oscillation during the drive of the capacitive loads can or may sometimes lead to distortion, spoilage or may damage of the amplifiers. Unlike dynamic speakers that need internal space to amplify sound output, the innovative acoustic design of this device relies only on its own output power to maintain sound pressure levels and quality. A spherical piezoelectric speaker having a small and simple structure, a wide sound frequency range and a high sound pressure includes a spherical shell piezoelectric ceramic body .

Copper Clad PCB

III. APPLICATIONS This circuit is used for generating high frequency. It can be used in many houses and low lying area for protecting food,home and household stuffs from the attack of rodents.

III. IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT

The piezo electric speaker gives the output of 50Khz sound which can be used for repelling rodents.

IV. CONCLUSION
The Rodent Repellent circuit that we have designed is useful which emits high frequency to repel rodents. The advantage of being clean and long time use as compared to the chemical counterparts, Being harmless on human beings adds an extra advantage to our project.The project can be used in household, industries and other areas.

V. REFERENCES
[1] http://www.electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/lab/ [2] http://www.expresspcb.com/