Assignment Booklet Me2353 Finite Element Analysis Dec 2013 May 2014

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.
R (AP / Mech)
1

R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
RSM NAGAR, PUDUVOYAL-601206
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS
ME2353 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

III B.E., VI Sem., ME
DEC13 MAY14
UNIT I FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION OF BOUNDARY VALUE
PROBLEMS
PART A
1.1) What is the finite element method?
1.2) How does the finite element method work?
1.3) What are the main steps involved in FEA. [AU, April / May 2011]
1.4) Write the steps involved in developing finite element model.
1.5) What are the basic approaches to improve a finite element model?
[AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
1.6) Write any two advantages of FEM Analysis. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
1.7) What are the methods generally associated with finite element analysis?
1.8) List any four advantages of finite element method. [AU, April / May 2008]
1.9) What are the applications of FEA? [AU, April / May 2011]
1.10) Define finite difference method.
1.11) What is the limitation of using a finite difference method? [AU, April / May 2010]
1.12) Define finite volume method.
1.13) Differentiate finite element method from finite difference method.
1.14) Differentiate finite element method from finite volume method.
R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ / R2008/ ME2353 / VI / MECH / DEC 2013 MAY 2014
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 2

1.15) What do you mean by discretization in finite element method?
1.16) What is discretization? [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
1.17) List the types of nodes. [AU, May / June 2012]
1.18) Define degree of freedom.
1.19) What is meant by degrees of freedom? [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
1.20) State the advantage of finite element method over other numerical analysis
methods.
1.21) State the fields to which FEA solving procedure is applicable.
1.22) What is a structural and non-structural problem?
1.23) Distinguish between 1D bar element and 1D beam element.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2009, May / June 2011]
1.24) Write the equilibrium equation for an elemental volume in 3D including the body
force.
1.25) How to write the equilibrium equation for a finite element? [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
1.26) Classify boundary conditions. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
1.27) What are the types of boundary conditions?
1.28) What do you mean by boundary condition and boundary value problem?
1.29) Write the difference between initial value problem and boundary value problem.
1.30) What are the different types of boundary conditions? Give examples.
[AU, May / June 2012]
1.31) List the various methods of solving boundary value problems.
[AU, April / May 2010]
1.32) Write down the boundary conditions of a cantilever beam AB of span L fixed at A
and free at B subjected to a uniformly distributed load of P throughout the span.
[AU, May / June 2009, 2011]
1.33) Briefly explain force method and stiffness method.

1.34) What is aspect ratio?
1.35) Write a short note on stress strain relation.
1.36) Write down the stress strain relationship for a three dimensional stress field.
1.37) State the effect of Poissons ratio.
1.38) Define total potential energy of an elastic body.
1.39) Write the potential energy for beam of span L simply supported at ends, subjected
to a concentrated load P at mid span. Assume EI constant.
[AU, April / May, Nov / Dec 2008]
1.40) State the principle of minimum potential energy.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009]
1.41) How will you obtain total potential energy of a structural system?
[AU, April / May 2011, May / June 2012]
1.42) Write down the potential energy function for a three dimensional deformable body
in terms of strain and displacements. [AU, May / June 2009]
1.43) What should be considered during piecewise trial functions?
1.44) Name the weighted residual methods. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
1.45) What is the use of Ritz method? [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
1.46) Mention the basic steps of Rayleigh-Ritz method. [AU, April / May 2011]
1.47) Highlight the equivalence and the difference between Rayleigh Ritz method and the
finite element method. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
1.48) Distinguish between Rayleigh Ritz method and finite element method with regard
to choosing displacement function. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
1.49) Why are polynomial types of interpolation functions preferred over trigonometric
functions? [AU, April / May 2009, May / June 2013]
1.50) What is meant by weak formulation? [AU, May / June 2013]

1.51) Define the principle of virtual work.
1.52) Differentiate Von Mises stress and principle stress.
1.53) What do you mean by constitutive law?[AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009]
1.54) What are h and p versions of finite element method?
1.55) What is the difference between static and dynamic analysis?
1.56) What is Galerkin method of approximation? [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
1.57) What is a weighted resuidal method? [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
1.58) Distinguish between potential energy and potential energy functional.
1.59) Name any four FEA software
PART B
1.60) Explain the step by step procedure of FEA. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
1.61) Explain the general procedure of finite element analysis. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
1.62) Briefly explain the stages involved in FEA.
1.63) Explain the step by step procedure of FEM. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
1.64) List out the general procedure for FEA problems. [AU, May / June 2012]
1.65) Compare FEM with other methods of analysis. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
1.66) Define discretization. Explain mesh refinement. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
1.67) Explain the process of discretization of a structure in finite element method in
detail, with suitable illustrations for each aspect being & discussed.
1.68) Discuss procedure using the commercial package (P.C. Programs) available today
for solving problems of FEM. Take a structural problem to explain the same.
1.69) State the importance of locating nodes in finite element model.
1.70) Write a brief note on the following.

(a) isotropic material
(b) orthotropic material
(c) anisotropic material
1.71) What are initial and final boundary value problems? Explain.
1.72) Explain the Potential Energy Approach [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
1.73) Explain the principle of minimization of potential energy. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
1.74) Explain the four weighted residual methods. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
1.75) Explain Ritz method with an example. [AU, April / May 2011]
1.76) Explain Rayleigh Ritz and Galerkin formulation with example.
1.77) Write short notes on Galerkin method? [AU, April / May 2009]
1.78) Discuss stresses and equilibrium of a three dimensional body.
1.79) Derive the element level equation for one dimensional bar element based on the
station- of a functional. [AU, May / June 2012]
1.80) Derive the characteristic equations for the one dimensional bar element by using
piece-wise defined interpolations and weak form of the weighted residual method?
1.81) Explain Gaussian elimination method of solving equations.
1.82) Write briefly about Gaussian elimination? [AU, April / May 2009]
1.83) The following differential equation is available for a physical phenomenon.

Trial function is
( )

Boundary conditions are, y (0) = 0 y (10) = 0
Find the value of the parameter a, by the following methods.
(i) Collocation (ii) Sub Domain (iii) Least Square
(iv) Galerkin
1.84) Discuss the following methods to solve the given differential equation :

()
with the boundary condition y(0) = 0 and y(H) = 0
(i) Variant method (ii) Collocation method. [AU, April / May 2010]
1.85) A cantilever beam of length L is loaded with a point load at the free end. Find the
maximum deflection and maximum bending moment using Rayleigh-Ritz method
using the function (
) Given: EI is constant.
1.86) A simply supported beam carries uniformly distributed load over the entire span.
Calculate the bending moment and deflection. Assume EI is constant and compare
the results with other solution. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
1.87) Determine the expression for deflection and bending moment in a simply supported
beam subjected to uniformly distributed load over entire span. Find the deflection
and moment at midspan and compare with exact solution using Rayleigh-Ritz
method. Use
) [AU, Nov / Dec 2008]

1.88) Compute the value of central deflection in the figure below by assuming

The beam is uniform throughout and carries a central point load P.


1.89) If a displacement field is described by
(

Determine the direct strains in x and y directions as well the shear strain at the point
x = 1, y =0. [AU, April / May 2011]
1.90) In a solid body, the six components of the stress at a point are given by o
x
= 40
MPa, o
y
= 20 MPa, o
z
= 30 MPa, t
yz
= -30 MPa, t
xz
= 15 MPa and t
xy
= 10 MPa.
Determine the normal stress at the point, on a plane for which the normal is (n
x
, n
y
,
n
z
) = ( , ,
2
1
)
1.91) In a plane strain problem, we have
o
x
= 20,000 psi o
y
= - 10,000 psi E = 30 x 10
6
psi, u = 0.3.
Determine the value of the stress o
z
.
1.92) For the spring system shown in figure, calculate the global stiffness matrix,
displacements of nodes 2 and 3, the reaction forces at node 1 and 4. Also calculate
the forces in the spring 2. Assume, k
1
= k
3
= 100 N/m, k
2
= 200 N/m, u
1
= u
4
= 0 and
P=500 N. [AU, April / May 2010]


1.93) Use the Rayleigh Ritz method to find the displacement of the midpoint of the rod
shown in figure. [AU, April / May 2011]

1.94) Consider the differential equation
subject
to boundary conditions () () The functional corresponding to this
problem, to be extremized is given by (

1.95) Find the solution of the problem using Rayleigh-Ritz method by considering a two-
term solution as ()

( )
( ) [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]

1.96) A bar of uniform cross section is clamped at one end and left free at the other end. It
is subjected to a uniform load axial load P as shown in figure. Calculate the
displacement and stress in the bar using three terms polynomial following Ritz
method. Compare the results with exact solutions. [AU, May / June 2011]


1.97) A simply Supported beam subjected to uniformly distributed load over entire span
and it is subjected to a point load at the centre of the span. Calculate the deflection
using Rayleigh-Ritz method and compare with exact solutions.
1.98) A simply supported beam (span L and flexural rigidity EI) carries two equal
concentrated loads at each of the quarter span points. Using Raleigh Ritz method
determine the deflections under the two loads and the two end slopes.
1.99) Analyze a simply supported beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load
throughout using Rayleigh Ritz method. Adopt one parameter trigonometric
function. Evaluate the maximum deflection and bending moment and compare with
exact solution. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
1.100) Use the Rayleigh Ritz method to find the displacement field u(x) of the rod as
shown below. Element 1 is made of aluminum and element 2 is made of steel. The
properties are
E
al
= 70 GPa A
1
= 900 mm
2
L
1
= 200 mm
E
st
= 200 GPa A
2
= 1200 mm
2
L
2
= 300 mm
Load = P = 10,000 N. Assume a piecewise linear displacement.

Field u = a
1
+ a
2
x for 0 s x s 200 mm, and u = a
3
+ a
4
x for 200 s x s 500 mm.
1.101) A fixed beam length of 2L m carries a uniformly distributed load of a w(in N / m)
which run over a length of L m from the fixed end, as shown in Figure. Calculate
the rotation at point B using FEA. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]

1.102) A rod fixed at its ends is subjected to a varying body force as shown in Figure. Use
the Rayleigh-Ritz method with an assumed displacement field ()
to find the displacement u(x) and stress (x). Plot the variation of the
stress in the rod. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]

1.103) A uniform rod subjected to a uniform axial load is illustrated in Figure. The
deformation of the bar is governed by the differential equation given below.
Determine the displacement using weighted residual method.


1.104) A steel rod is attached to rigid walls at each end and is subjected to a distributed
load T(x) as shown below.
a) Write the expression for potential energy.
b) Determine the displacement u(x) using the Rayleigh Ritz method.
Assume a displacement field u(x) = a
0
+ a
1
x + a
2
x
2
.

1.105) Derive the stress strain relation and strain displacement relation for an element
in space.
1.106) Derive the equation of equilibrium in case of a three dimensional stress system.
1.107) What is constitutive relationship? Express the constitutive relations for a linear
elastic isotropic material including initial stress and strain. [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
1.108) Give a detailed note on the following:
(a) Rayleigh Ritz method (b) Galerkin method
(c) Least square method and (d) Collocation method
1.109) Find the approximate deflection of a simply supported beam under a uniformly
distributed load P throughout its span. Using Galerkin and Least square residual
method. [AU, May / June 2011]
1.110) Solve the differential equation for a physical problem expressed as

with boundary conditions as y (0) = 0 and y (10) = 0 using
(i) Point collocation method
(ii) Sub domain collocation method

(iii) Least squares method and
(iv) Galerkin method. [AU, May / June 2013]
1.111) Solve the differential equation for a physical problem expressed as

with boundary conditions as y (0) = 0 and y (10) = 0 using the
trail function
( ) Find the value of the parameters a

1
by the
following methods.
(i) Point collocation method
(ii) Sub domain collocation method
(iii) Least squares method and
(iv) Galerkin method. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
1.112) Solve the following equation using a two parameter trial solution by the
(a) Collocation method (
)
(b) Galerkin method.
Then, compare the two solutions with the exact solution

y (0) = 1
1.113) Determine the Galerkin approximation solution of the differential equation

() ()
1.114) Solve the following differential equation using Galerkins method.

()

()

1.115) A physical phenomenon is governed by the differential equation

The boundary conditions are given by

() () . By taking two-term trial solution as ()
()

() with,
() ( )
( ) find the solution of

the problem using the Galerkin method. [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
1.116) Determine the two parameter solution of the following using Galerkin method.
() () [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]

1.117) Give a one parameter Galerkin solution of the following equation, for the two
domains shown below. . 1
2
2
2
2
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+
c
c
y
u
x
u

1.118) Describe the Gaussian elimination method of solving equations.
1.119) Explain the Gaussian elimination method for the solving of simultaneous linear
algebraic equations with an example. [AU, April / May 2008]
1.120) Solve the following system of equations using Gauss elimination method.
x
1
x
2
+ x
3
= 1
-3x
1
+ 2x
2
3x
3
= -6
2x
1
5x
2
+ 4x
3
= 5
1.121) Solve the following system of equations by Gauss Elimination method.
2x
1
2x
2
x
4
= 1
u = 0

2x
2
+ x
3
+ 2x
4
= 2
x
1
2x
2
+ 3x
3
2x
4
= 3 [AU, May / June 2012]
x
2
+ 2x
3
+ 2x
4
= 4
1.122) Solve the following equations by Gauss elimination method.
28r
1
+ 6r
2
= 1
6r
1
+ 24r
2
+ 6r
3
= 0
6r
2
+ 28r
3
+ 8r
4
= -1
8r
3
+ 16r
4
= 10 [AU, Nov / Dec 2010, 2012]
1.123) Use the Gaussian elimination method to solve the following simultaneous
equations:
4x
1
+ 2x
2
2x
3
8x
4
= 4
x
1
+ 2x
2
+ x
3
= 2
0.5x
1
x
2
+ 4x
3
+ 4x
4
= 10
4x
1
2x
2
x
4
= 0 [AU, April / May 2009]
1.124) Solve the following system of equations using Gauss elimination method.
x
1
+ 3x
2
+ 2x
3
= 13
2x
1
+ x
2
x
3
= 3
- 5x
1
+ x
2
+ 3x
3
= 6 [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]


UNIT II ONE DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
PART A
2.1) Write a note on node numbering scheme.
2.2) What do you mean by node and element?
2.3) What are the types of problems treated as one dimensional problem?
2.4) Highlight at least two rules to guide the placement of the nodes when obtaining
approximate solution to a differential equation. [AU, April / May 2010]
2.5) Define shape function. [AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009]
2.6) What is a shape function? [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
2.7) Differentiate shape function from displacement model.
2.8) Draw the shape function of a two noded line element. [AU, April / May 2009]
2.9) Draw the shape function of a two noded line element with one degree of freedom at
each node. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
2.10) Draw the shape function for one dimensional line element with three nodes.
2.11) State the properties of stiffness matrix. [AU, Nov / Dec 2009, 2010, 2011]
2.12) List out the stiffness matrix properties. [AU, May / June 2012]
2.13) State the characteristics of shape function. [AU, May / June 2011]
2.14) List the characteristics of shape functions. [AU, April / May 2010]
2.15) When does the stiffness matrix of a structure become singular?
2.16) State the significance of shape function.
2.17) Write the element stiffness matrix for a two noded linear element subjected to axial
loading.

2.18) Write the stiffness matrix for the simple beam element given below.

2.19) What are the properties of global stiffness matrix? [AU, April / May 2011]
2.20) Write the properties of Global Stiffness Matrix of a one dimensional element.
2.21) Differentiate global stiffness matrix from elemental stiffness matrix.
2.22) What do you mean by banded matrix?
2.23) How will you find the width of a band?
2.24) How do you calculate the size of the global stiffness matrix?
2.25) List the properties of the global stiffness matrix. [AU, April / May 2010]
2.26) Give a brief note on the following
(a) elimination approach (b) penalty approach.
2.27) Name the factors which affect the number element in the given domain.
2.28) State the requirements to be fulfilled by the approximate solution for its
convergence towards the actual solution.
2.29) What do you mean by continuity weakening?
2.30) Compare the linear polynomial approximation and quadratic polynomial
approximation.
2.31) Why polynomials are generally used as shape function? [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
2.32) Why are polynomial terms preferred for shape functions in finite element method?
2.33) What do you mean by error in FEA solution?
2.34) What are the types of load acting on the structure?
2.35) Define traction force (T).

2.36) State the assumptions are made while finding the forces in a truss.
2.37) How are thermal loads input in finite element analysis?
2.38) What is an interpolation function? [AU, May / June 2012]
2.39) Why are polynomial types of interpolation functions preferred over trigonometric
functions? [AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009]
2.40) What is an equivalent nodal force? [AU, April / May 2008]
2.41) What are called higher order elements?
[AU, April / May 2008, Nov / Dec 2010, 2011]
2.42) What is higher order element? [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
2.43) What do you mean by higher order elements? [AU, Nov / Dec 2008]
2.44) Why higher order elements are required for FE analysis? [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
2.45) What are higher order elements and why are they preferred?
2.46) What are the characteristics of shape functions?
2.47) Plot the variations of shape function for 1 D beam element.
2.48) When do we resort to 1 D quadratic spar elements? [AU, April / May 2011]
2.49) Give a brief note on the sources of error in FEA.
2.50) State the significance of post processing the solution in FEA.
2.51) What do you know about radially symmetric problem?
2.52) Write the boundary condition for a cantilever beam subjected to point load at its
free end.
2.53) For a one dimensional fin problem, what are all the boundary conditions that can be
specified at the free end?

2.54) Determine the load vector for the beam element shown in Figure

2.55) Write the element stiffness matrix of a truss element. [AU, May / June 2012]
2.56) Sketch a typical truss element showing local global transformation.
2.57) Differentiate global and local coordinates. [AU, May / June 2013]
2.58) State the differences between a bar element and a truss element.
PART B
2.59) What are the different types of elements? Explain the significance of each.
2.60) Derive and sketch the quadratic shape function for the bar element.
2.61) Derive the shape function of a quadratic 1 D element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
2.62) Derive the shape functions for one dimensional linear element using direct method.
2.63) Determine the shape function and element matrices for quadratic bar element.
2.64) Derive the stiffness matrix and finite element equation for one dimensional bar.
2.65) Obtain an expression for the shape function of a linear bar element.
2.66) Derive shape functions and stiffness matrix for a 2D rectangular element.

2.67) Consider the rod (a robot arm) as shown below, which is rotating at constant
angular velocity e = 30 rad/sec. Determine the axial stress distribution in the rod,
using two quadratic elements. Consider only the centrifugal force. Ignore bending
of the rod.

2.68) A steel rod of length 1m is subjected to an axial load of 5 kN as shown in figure.
Area of cross section of the rod is 250 mm
2
. Using 1 D element equation solve for
the deflection of the bar, E = 2*10
5
N/mm
2
. Use four elements.

2.69) A column of length 500mm is loaded axially as shown in figure. Analyze the
column and evaluate the stress and strain at salient points. The Youngs modulus
can be taken as E. Take A
1
= 62.5mm
2
and A
2
= 125mm
2


2.70) Consider a bar as shown in figure. Youngs Modulus E = 2*10
5
N/mm
2
. A
1
= 2 cm
2
,
A
2
= 1 cm
2
and force of 100 N. Determine the nodal displacement.

2.71) Consider the bar shown in Figure Axial force P = 30 kN is applied as shown.
Determine the nodal displacement, stresses in each element and reaction forces

2.72) Consider the bar as shown in figure. Axial force P
1
= 20 kN and P
2
= 15 kN is
applied as shown in figure. Determine the nodal displacements, stresses in each
element and reaction forces. [AU, April / May 2011]

2.73) Find the nodal displacement and elemental stresses for the bar shown in Figure.


2.74) An axial load P = 300 x 10
3
N is applied at 20
0
C to the rod as shown below. The
temperature is then raised to 60
0
C
a) Assemble the stiffness (K) and load (F) matrices.
b) Determine the nodal displacements and element stresses.

2.75) The stepped bar shown in fig is subjected to an increase in temperature, AT=80
o
C.
Determine the displacements, element stresses and support reactions.

2.76) Axial load of 500N is applied to a stepped shaft, at the interface of two bars. The
ends are fixed. Obtain the nodal displacements and stresses when the element is

subjected to all in temperature of 100C. Take E
1
= 70*10
3
N/mm
2
, E
2
= 200*10
3

N/mm
2
, A
1
= 900mm
2
, A
2
= 1200mm
2
,
1
= 23*10
-6
/ C,
2
= 11.7*10
-6
/ C, L
1
=
200mm, L
2
= 300mm. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
2.77) Consider a bar as shown below having a cross sectional area A
e
= 1.2 in
2
and
Youngs modulus E = 30 x 10
6
psi If q
1
= 0.02 in and q
2
= 0.025 in, determine the
following:
a) The displacement at the point P b) The strain e and stress o
c) The element stiffness matrix and d) The strain energy in the element.

A finite element solution using one dimensional, two noded elements has been
obtained for a rod as shown below.
Displacement are as follows
T
mm
Q 0.1] - 0,0.6, [-0.2, = , E = 1N/mm
2
, area of each
element = 1 mm
2
, L
1-2
= 50 mm, L
2-3
= 80 mm, L
3-4
= 100 mm.
i) According to the finite element theory, plot the displacement u(x) versus x.
ii) According to the finite element theory, plot the strain e(x) versus x.
iii) Determine the B matrix for element 2-3.
iv) Determine the strain energy in the element 1-2 using .
2
1
kq q U
T
=

2.78) Consider the bar, loaded as shown below. Determine the nodal displacements,
element stresses and support reactions. Solve this problem by adopting elimination
method for handling boundary conditions. (value of E = 200 x 10
9
N/m
2
).

2.79) In the figure shown below load P = 60kN is applied. Determine the displacement
field, stress and support reactions in the body. Take E = 20 kN/mm
2


2.80) Consider the bar as shown below. Determine the nodal displacements, element
stresses and support reactions. (E = 200 x 10
9
N/m
2
)

2.81) An axial load P = 385 KN is applied to the composite block as shown below.
Determine the stress in each material.

2.82) For a vertical rod as shown below, find the deflection at A and the stress
distribution. E = 100 MPa and weight per unit volume = 0.06 N/cm
3
. Comment on
the stress distribution.

2.83) Consider a two-bar supported by a spring shown in figure. Both bars have E = 210
GPa and A=5.0 x10
-4
m
2
. Bar one has a length of 5m and bar two has a length of 10
m. The spring stiffness is k= 2 kN/m. Determine the horizontal and vertical
displacements at the joint 1 and stresses in each bar. [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]


2.84) Find the deflection at the free end under its own weight, using divisions of
a) 1 element b) 2 elements c) 4 elements d) 8 elements and e) 16 elements
Then plot the number of elements versus deflection.

2.85) For the discretization of beam elements as shown below, number the nodes so as to
minimize the bandwidth of the assembled stiffness matrix (K)


2.86) The elements of a row or column of the stiffness matrix of a bar element sum up to
zero, but not so for a beam element. Explain why this is so.
2.87) For the beam problem shown below, determine the tip deflection and the slope at
the roller support.

2.88) For the beam and loading as shown in figure. Determine the slopes at the two ends
of the distributed load and the vertical deflection at the mid-point of the distributed
load. Take E = 200GPa and I = 4*10
6
mm
4

2.89) Find the deflection and slope for the following beam section at which point load is
applied.

2.90) Solve the following beam as shown below, clamped at one end and spring support
at other end. A linearly varying transverse load of maximum magnitude of 100
N/cm applied over the span of 4 cm to 10 cm. Take EI = 2 x 10
7
N/cm
2
,
2
10
=
EI
K
.

2.91) Obtain the deflection at the midpoint of the beam shown below and determine the
reaction.


2.92) The simply supported beam shown in figure is subjected to a uniform transverse
load, as shown. Using two equal-length elements and work-equivalent nodal loads
obtain a finite element solution for the deflection at mid-span and compare it to the
solution given by elementary beam theory. [AU, April / May - 2010]

2.93) Determine the displacements and slopes at the nodes for the beam shown in figure.
Take k=200kN / m, E=70GPa and I=2x10
-4
m
4
. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]

2.94) Determine the nodal displacements and slopes for the beam shown in Figure. Find
the moment at the midpoint of element 1. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]


2.95) Determine the displacement of node 1 and the stress in element 3, for the three-bar
truss as shown below. Take A = 250 mm
2
, E = 200 GPa for all elements.

2.96) Determine the force in the members of the truss as shown in figure.
Take E = 200 GPa [AU, May / June 2012]

2.97) Determine the nodal displacements and the element stresses for the two dimensional
loaded plate as shown in figure. Assume plane stress condition. Body force may be
neglected in comparison to the external forces. Take E = 210GPa, = 0.25,
Thickness t = 10mm. [AU, May / June 2011]

2.98) The loading and other parameters for a two bar truss element is shown in figure
Determine [AU, May / June 2013]
(i) The element stiffness matrix for each element
(ii) Global stiffness matrix
(iii) Nodal displacements
(iv) Reaction forces
(v) The stresses induced in the elements. Assume E = 200 GPa.


2.99) Calculate nodal displacement and elemental stresses for the truss shown in Figure.
E= 70Gpa.cross-sectional area A = 2cm
2
for all truss members.

2.100) Find the horizontal and vertical displacements of node 1 for the truss shown below.
Take A = 300 mm
2
, E = 2 x10
5
N/mm
2
for each element.

2.101) Each of the five bars of the pin jointed truss shown in figure below has a cross
sectional area 20 sq. cm. and E = 200 GPa.

(i) Form the equation F = KU where K is the assembled stiffness matrix of the
structure.
(ii) Find the forces in all the five members. [AU, April / May 2008]
2.102) Analyze the truss shown in figure and evaluate the stress resultants in member (2).
Assume area of cross section of all the members in same. E = 2 * 10
5
N/mm
2



2.103) Determine the joint displacements, the joint reactions, element forces and element
stresses of the given truss elements. [AU, April / May - 2010]

Elements A
cm
2

E
N/m
2

L
m
Global
Node
connection
o Degree
1 32.2 6.9e 10 2.54 2 to 3 90
2 38.7 20.7e10 2.54 2 to 1 0
3 25.8 20.7e10 3.59 1 to 3 135
2.104) Determine the force in the members of the truss shown in figure.


2.105) Find the nodal displacement developed in the planer truss shown in Figure when a
vertically downward load of 1000 N is applied at node 4. The required data are
given in the Table. [AU, May / June 2012]
Element No.
e
Cross Sectional area A
cm
2

Length l
(e)
cm
Youngs Modulus
E
(e)
N/mm
2

1 2 2 50 2 * 10
6

2 2 2 50 2 * 10
6

3 1 2.5 100 2 * 10
6

4 1 2 100 2 * 10
6

2.106) Derive the shape function for a 2 noded beam element and a 3 noded bar element.
2.107) Why is higher order elements needed? Determine the shape functions of an eight
noded rectangular element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009]
2.108) Derive the shape functions for a 2D beam element.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2008, 2009]

2.109) Derive the shape functions for a 2D truss element.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2008, 2009]
2.110) Derive the interpolation function for the one dimensional linear element with a
length L and two nodes, one at each end, designated as i and j. Assume the
origin of the coordinate system is to the left of node i.
[AU, April / May - 2010]

Figure shows the one-dimensional linear element


UNIT III TWO DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
PART A
3.1) Name few 2-D elements along with a neat sketch.
3.2) State the differences between 2D element and 1D element.
3.3) Define Lagranges interpolation.
3.4) What is geometric Isotropy? [AU, May / June 2013]
3.5) Write the Lagrangean shape functions for a 1D, 2 noded elements.
3.6) Obtain the shape function for a 1D quadratic Isoparametric element.
3.7) Write the relation to obtain the size of the stiffness matrix for a linear quadrilateral
element having U
x
and U
y
as dof.
3.8) Why is the 3 noded triangular element called as a CST element?
3.9) Write down the interpolation function of a field variable for three-node triangular
element. [AU, April / May 2010]
3.10) What is a CST element? [AU, April / May 2011]
3.11) Draw the shape functions of a CST element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
3.12) Explain the important properties of CST elements. [AU, Nov / Dec 2008]
3.13) Write a note on CST element. [AU, May / June 2011]
3.14) Write briefly about LST and QST elements.
3.15) What are CST and LST elements? [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
3.16) Define LST element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
3.17) Write the displacement function equation for CST element.
3.18) Write the strain displacement matrix for CST element.
3.19) Differentiate CST and LST elements. [AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009]

3.20) Evaluate the following area integrals for the three node triangular element


3.21) A triangular element is shown in Figure and the nodal coordinates are expressed in
mm. Compute the strain displacement matrix. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]

3.22) What do you mean by the terms : c
0
,c
1
and c
n
continuity?
3.23) Distinguish between C
0
, C
1
and C
2
continuity elements.
3.24) What are the different problems governed by 2D scalar field variables?
3.25) Use various number of triangular elements to mesh the given domain in the order of
increasing solution refinement.

3.26) Define Pascal triangle.

3.27) Write the significance of Pascal triangle in developing triangular elements.
3.28) Distinguish one from the other of the following
a) Linear and quadratic triangular elements. b) Linear and quadratic Lagrange
elements.
3.29) What do you mean by area co-ordinate method?
3.30) State the advantage of serendipity element.
3.31) What do you mean by wrapping?
3.32) Write the node numbering and element connectivity table for the given domain
using suitable discretization.

3.33) Plot the variation of shape function with respect node of a 3 noded triangular
element.
3.34) Write down the nodal displacement equations for a two dimensional triangular
elasticity element. [AU, April / May 2010]
3.35) Define a plane stress condition. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
3.36) State the condition for plane stress problem.
3.37) Give one example each for plane stress and plane strain problems.
3.38) Distinguish between plane stress and plane strain problems. [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
3.39) Distinguish plane stress and plane strain conditions. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
3.40) Define plane strain with suitable example. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
3.41) Define plane strain analysis. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
3.42) Define a plane stress problem with a suitable example. [AU, May / June 2013]
3.43) Explain plane stress problem with an example. [AU, April / May 2011]
3.44) Explain plane stress conditions with example. [AU, May / June 2011]

3.45) Write down the strain displacement relation. [AU, April / May 2011]
3.46) State whether plane stress or plane strain elements can be used to model the
following structures. Justify your answer. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
(a) A wall subjected to wind load
(b) A wrench subjected to a force in the plane of the wrench.
3.47) Write the assumptions used to define the given problem as plane stress problem.
3.48) Write the assumptions used to define the given problem as plane strain problem.
3.49) Using general stress - strain relation, obtain plane stress equation.
3.50) Beginning with general elastic stress-strain relation, derive the plane strain
condition.
3.51) What are the differences between 2 Dimensional scalar variable and vector variable
elements? [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
3.52) What are the ways by which a three dimensional problem can be reduced to a two
dimensional problem?
3.53) How to reduce a 3D problem into a 2D problem? [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
3.54) Give the stiffness matrix equation for an axisymmetric triangular element.
3.55) What is axisymmetric element?
3.56) Give examples of axisymmetric problems. [AU, May / June 2012]
3.57) What is an axisymmetric problem? [AU, April / May 2011]
3.58) Write short notes on axisymmetric problems.
3.59) What is meant by axi-symetric field problem? Given an example.
3.60) State the situations where the axisymmetric formulation can be applied.

3.61) Give four applications where axisymmetric elements can be used.
3.62) State the applications of axisymmetric elements. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
3.63) Write down the constitutive relationship for axisymmetric problem.
3.64) Write down the constitutive relationship for the plane stress problem.
3.65) What do you mean by constitutive law and give the constitutive law for axi-
symmetric problems? [AU, April / May, Nov / Dec 2008]
3.66) Give one example each for plane stress and plane strain problems.
3.67) Explain plane strain problem with an example. [AU, May / June 2012]
3.68) Give a brief note on static condensation.
3.69) Prove that o
2
= 0 for plane strain condition.
3.70) Differentiate axi symmetric and cyclic symmetric structures.
3.71) Differentiate axi-symmetric load and asymmetric load with examples.
3.72) State the condition for axi-symmetric problem.
3.73) List the required conditions for a problem assumed to be axisymmetric.
3.74) What are the four basic sets of elasticity equations? [AU, May / June 2012]
3.75) Give examples for the following cases.
a) plane stress problem b) plane strain problem c) axi-symmetric problem
3.76) Define the following terms with suitable examples [AU, April / May 2010]
i) Plane stress, plane strain ii) Node, element and shape functions
iii) Axisymmetric analysis iv) Iso parametric element
3.77) Define the term initial strain.

3.78) State the effect of Poissons ratio in plane strain problem.
3.79) How will the stress field vary linearly?
3.80) Compare the changes in the D matrix evolved out of plane strain, plane stress and
axi-symmetric problem.
3.81) What do you mean by Isoparametric formulations?
3.82) Express the shape functions of four node quadrilateral element.
3.83) What do you understand by a natural co ordinate system?
3.84) What do you mean by natural co-ordinate system? [AU, May / June 2011]
3.85) What are the advantages of natural co-ordinates?
3.86) What are the advantages of natural coordinates over global co-ordinates?
3.87) Give a brief note on natural co-ordinate system.
3.88) Write the natural co-ordinates for the point P of the triangular element. The point
P is the C.G. of the triangle. [AU, Nov / Dec 2008]
3.89) Show the transformation for mapping x-coordinate system onto a natural coordinate
system for a linear spar element and for a quadratic spar element.
3.90) Define a local co ordinate system. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
3.91) What is area co ordinates? [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
3.92) What do you understand by area co ordinates? [AU, April / May 2011]
3.93) State the basic laws on which Isoparametric concept is developed.
3.94) Differentiate: local axis and global axis. [AU, April / May 2008]

3.95) Define super parametric element. [AU, April / May 2009]
3.96) Explain super parametric element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
3.97) Define Isoparametric elements? [AU, Nov / Dec 2008]
3.98) Define Isoparametric elements with suitable examples [AU, April / May 2010]
3.99) Define Isoparametric element formulations. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
3.100) What do you mean by Isoparametric formulation? [AU, April / May 2011]
3.101) What is the purpose of Isoparametric elements?
3.102) What are the applications of Isoparametric elements? [AU, April / May 2011]
3.103) Differentiate x y space and -q space.
3.104) Write the advantages of co-ordinate transformation from Cartesian co-ordinates to
natural co-ordinates.
3.105) What is a Jacobian? [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
3.106) What is the need of Jacobian? [AU, April / May 2011]
3.107) Write down the Jacobian matrix. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
3.108) Write about Jacobian transformation used in co-ordinate transformation.
3.109) What is the significance of Jacobian of transformation? [AU, May / June 2012]
3.110) Differentiate between sub-parametric, isoparametric and super parametric
elements.
3.111) Represent the variation of shape function with respect to nodes for quadratic
elements in terms of natural co-ordinates.
3.112) Compare linear model, quadratic model and cubic model in terms of natural co-
ordinate system.
3.113) Write a brief note on continuity and compatibility.
3.114) Write down the element force vector equation for a four noded quadrilateral
element.
3.115) Write down the Jacobian matrix for a four noded quadrilateral element

3.116) Write the shape function for the quadrilateral element in , q space.
3.117) Why is four noded quadrilateral element is preferred for axi-symmetric problem
than three noded triangular element?
3.118) Sketch a four node quadrilateral element along with nodal degrees of freedom.
3.119) Write down the stiffness matrix for four noded quadrilateral elements.
3.120) Distinguish between essential boundary conditions and natural boundary
conditions. [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
3.121) Write the advantages of higher order elements in natural co ordinate system.
3.122) What are the types of non-linearity?
[AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009, May / June 2012]
3.123) State the advantage of Gaussian integration.
3.124) State the four-point Gaussian quadrature rule.
3.125) Briefly explain Gaussian quadrature. [AU, April / May 2011]
3.126) What are the advantages of Gaussian quadrature? [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
3.127) What are the weights and sampling points of two point formula of Gauss
quadrature formula? [AU, May / June 2012]
3.128) Why numerical integration is required for evaluation of stiffness matrix of an
Isoparametric element? [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
3.129) Write the Gauss points and weights for two point formula of numerical integration.
3.130) Write down the Gauss integration formula for triangular domains.
3.131) Evaluate the integral (
) using Gaussian quadrature method.


3.132) Name the commonly used integration method in natural co-ordinate system.
3.133) Write the relation between weights and Gauss points in Gauss-Legendre quadrature.
PART B
3.134) Determine the shape functions for a constant strain triangular (CST) element in
terms of natural coordinate system. [AU, Nov / Dec 2008]
3.135) What are shape functions? Derive the shape function for the three noded triangular
elements. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
3.136) Derive the element strain displacement matrix and element stiffness matrix of a
CST element. [AU, April / May 2011]
3.137) Explain the terms plane stress and plane strain problems. Give the constitutive
laws for these cases. [AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009]
3.138) Derive the equations of equilibrium in the case of a three dimensional system.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2007, 2008, April / May 2009]
3.139) Derive the expression for constitutive stress-strain relationship and also reduce it to
the problem of plane stress and plane strain. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
3.140) Derive the constant-strain triangular elements stiffness matrix and equations.
3.141) Derive the linear strain triangular elements stiffness matrix and equations.
3.142) Derive the stiffness matrix and equations for a LST element.
3.143) Derive the element strain displacement matrix and element stiffness matrix of a
triangular element. [AU, May / June 2012]
3.144) A two noded line element with one translational degree of freedom is subjected to a
uniformly varying load of intensity P
1
at node 1 and P
2
at node 2. Evaluate the
nodal load vector using numerical integration. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]

3.145) Calculate the element stresses
2 1
and , , , o o t o o xy y x and the principle angle
p
u for
the element shown below.

3.146) The nodal co-ordinates of the triangular element is as shown below. At the interior
point P, the x- co-ordinate is 3.3 and N
1
= 0.3. Determine N
2
, N
3
and the y co-
ordinate at point P.

3.147) The (x,y) co-ordinates of nodes i, j and k of a triangular element are given by (0,0),
(3,0) and (1.5,4) mm respectively. Evaluate the shape functions N
1
, N
2
and N
3
at an
interior point P (2, 2.5) mm for the element. For the same triangular element, obtain
the strain-displacement relation matrix B. [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
3.148) For the triangular element shown below, obtain the strain displacement relation
matrix B and determine the strains e
x
,e
y
and
xy
.


3.149) Consider the triangular element show in Figure. The element is extracted from a
thin plate of thickness 0.5 cm. The material is hot rolled low carbon steel. The
Nodal co-ordinates are x
i
=0, y
i
= 0, x
j
=0, y
j
= -1, x
k
=0, y
k
= -1 cm,. Determine the
elemental stiffness matrix. Assuming plane stress analysis. Take = 0.3 and E =
2.1*10
7
N/cm
2

3.150) Derive the interpolation function
14
for the quadratic triangular element as shown
below.

3.151) Derive the interpolation function of a corner node in a cubic serendipity element.
3.152) Find the expression for nodal vector in a CST element shown in figure subjected to
pressures P
x1
on side 1. [AU, Nov / Dec 2008]

3.153) For the CST element given below, assemble stain displacement matrix. Take t = 20
mm and E = 2*10
5
N/mm
2
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]

3.154) Calculate the value of pressure at the point A which is inside the 3 noded triangular
elements as shown in figure. The nodal values are
1
= 40 MPa,
2
= 34 MPa and
3

= 46 MPa, Point A is located at (2, 1.5) Assume pressure is linearly varying in the

element. Also determine the location of 42 MPa contour line.

3.155) Obtain the global stiffness matrix for the plate shown in figure. Taking two
triangular elements. Assume plane stress condition. [AU, May / June 2012]

3.156) For the constant strain triangular element shown in figure below, assemble the
strain displacement matrix. Take t = 20 mm and E = 2 x 10
5
N/mm
2
.

3.157) For the plane strain element shown in the figure, the nodal displacements are given
as : u
1
= 0.005 mm, u
2
= 0.002 mm, u
3
=0.0mm, u
4
= 0.0 mm, u
5
= 0.004 mm, u
6

= 0.0 mm. Determine the element stresses. Take E = 200 Gpa and = 0.3. Use unit
thickness for plane strain. [AU, April / May - 2010]

3.158) For the two-dimensional loaded plate as shown in Figure. Determine the nodal
displacements and element stress using plane strain condition considering body
force. Take Youngs modulus as 200 GPa, Poissons ration as 0.3 and density as
7800 kg/m
3
. [AU, April / May 2011]

3.159) Derive element force vector when linearly varying pressure acts on the side joining
nodes jk of a triangular element shown in Figure and body force of 25N/mm
2
acts
downwards. Thickness = 5mm. [AU, April / May 2011]

3.160) For the plane stress element whose coordinates are given by (100,100), (400, 100)
and (200, 4000, the nodal displacements are u
1
= 2.0mm, v
1
=l.0mm, u
2
=l.0mm, v
2

=1.5mm, u
3
= 2.5mm, v
3
= 0.5mm. Determine the element stresses. Assume E =
200 GN/m
2
, = 0.3 and t = 10 mm. All coordinates are in mm.

3.161) A thin plate a subjected to surface fraction as shown in Figure. Calculate the global
stiffness matrix. Table t = 25 mm, E = 2 *10
5
N/mm
2
and = 0.30. Assume plane
stress condition. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]

3.162) Determine the deflection of a thin plate subjected to extensional load as shown.

3.163) Calculate nodal displacement and elemental stresses for the truss shown in Figure.
E = 70 GPa cross-sectional area A = 2 cm
2
for all truss members.

3.164) A thin elastic plate subjected to uniformly distributed edge load as shown below.
Find the stiffness and force matrix of the element.

3.165) For the configuration as shown in figure determine the deflection at the point load
applications. Use one model method. Assume plane stress condition.

3.166) Derive the expression for the element stiffness matrix for an axisymmetric shell
element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009]
3.167) Describe the step by step procedure of solving axisymmetric problem by finite
element formulation. [AU, May / June 2012]
3.168) Derive an expression for the stiffness matrix of an axisymmetric element.
3.169) For an axisymmetric triangular element. Obtain the [B] matrix and constitutive
matrix [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
3.170) Derive the stress-strain relationship matrix (D) for the axisymmetric triangular
element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
3.171) Explain the modeling of cylinders subjected to internal and external pressure using
axisymmetric. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
3.172) For a thick cylinder subjected to internal and external pressure, indicate the steps of
finding the radial stress. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
3.173) Derive the material property matrix for axisymmetric elasticity.
3.174) The (x, y) coordinates of nodes i, j and k of an axisymmetric triangular element
are given by (3, 4), (6, 5), and (5, 8) cm respectively. The element displacement (in
cm) vector is given as q = [0.002, 0.001, 0.001, 0.004, -0.003, 0.007]
T
. Determine
the element strains. [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]

3.175) A long cylinder of inside diameter 80 mm and outside diameter 120 mm snugly fits
in a hole over its full length. The cylinder is then subjected to an internal pressure
of 2 MPa. Using two elements on the 10 mm length shown, find the displacement
at the inner radius.

3.176) Determine the stiffness matrix for the axisymmetric element shown in fig, Take E as
2.1* 10
6
N/mm
2
and Poisson's ratio as 0.3. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]

3.177) Determine the element stresses for the axisymmetric element as shown below. Take
E = 2.1 x 10
5
N/mm
2
and u= 0.25.

Use the nodal displacements as
u
1
= 0.05 mm w
1
= 0.03 mm
u
2
= 0.02 mm w
2
= 0.02 mm
u
3
= 0 mm w
3
= 0 mm
3.178) Compute the strain displacement matrix for the following axisymmetric element.
Also calculate the element stress vectors. If
[q] = [ 3.484 0 3.321 0 0 0]
T
* 10
-3
cm
[D] = [

] [AU, April / May 2011]
3.179) An open ended steel cylinder has a length of 200mm and the inner and outer
diameters as 68mm and 100mm respectively. The cylinder is subjected to an
internal pressure of 2MPa. Determine the deformed shape and distribution of
principle stresses. Take E = 200GPa and Poissons ratio = 0.3

3.180) For the Isoparametric quadrilateral element as shown below, the Cartesian co-
ordinates of the point P are (6,4). The loads 10 KN and 12 KN are acting in X and
Y directions on that point P. Evaluate the nodal equivalent forces.

3.181) Derive the Isoparametric representation for a triangular element.
3.182) Derive element stiffness matrix for a linear Isoparametric quadrilateral element
3.183) Derive stiffness matrix for a linear Isoparametric element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
3.184) Distinguish between sub parametric and super parametric elements.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2009, 2010]
3.185) Establish the shape functions of an eight node quadrilateral element and represent
them graphically. [AU, April / May 2011]
3.186) Derive the shape function for an eight noded brick element.
3.187) Derive the shape functions of a nine node quadrilateral Isoparametric element.
3.188) Derive element stiffness matrix for linear Isoparametric quadrilateral element.
3.189) Describe the element strain displacement matrix of a four node quadrilateral
element. [AU, May / June 2012]

3.190) Derive the shape function for an eight noded quadrilateral element in , q space.
3.191) Consider the quadrilateral element as shown below using the linear interpolation
functions of a rectangular element, transform the element to the local co-ordinate
system and sketch the transformed element.

3.192) A four noded rectangular element is shown in figure. Determine the following: (i)
Jacobian Matrix (ii) Strain Displacement Matrix (iii) Element Stress. Take E =
20*10
5
N/mm
2
, = 0.5.
u = [ 0 0 0.003 0.004 0.006 0.004 0 0]
T
= 0, = 0.
Assume plane stress condition. [AU, May / June 2012]

3.193) In a four-noded rectangular element, the nodal displacements in mm are given by
u
1
= 0 u
2
= 0.127 u
3
= 0.0635 u
4
= 0
v
1
= 0 v
2
= 0.0635 v
3
= -0.0635 v
4
= 0

For b = 50 mm, h = 25 mm, E = 2*10
5
N / mm
2
and Poisson's ratio = 0.3,
determine the element strains and stresses at the centroid of the element and at the
corner nodes. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
3.194) Find the Jacobian matrix for the nine-node rectangular element as shown below.
What is the determinant of the Jacobian matrix?

3.195) Determine the Jacobian for the (x, y) (, q) transformation for the element shown
below. Also find the area of triangle using determinant method.

3.196) Compute the element and force matrix for the four noded rectangular elements as
shown below.

3.197) The Cartesian (global) coordinates of the corner nodes of a quadrilateral element are
given by (0,-1), (-2, 3), (2, 4) and (5, 3). Find the coordinate transformation between
the global and local (natural) coordinates. Using this, determine the Cartesian
coordinates of the point defined by (r,s) = (0.5, 0.5) in the global coordinate system.
3.198) Consider a rectangular element as shown below. Assume plane stress condition,
T
q psi E ] 0 , 0 , 0032 . 0 , 006 . 0 , 003 . 0 , 002 . 0 , 0 , 0 [ , 3 . 0 , 10 x 30
6
= = = inches Evaluate the
Jacobian transformation (J), B matrix, and o at = 0 and q = 0.

3.199) The Cartesian (global) coordinates of the corner nodes of an Isoparametric
quadrilateral element are given by (1,0), (2,0), (2.5,1.5) and(1.5,1). Find its
Jacobian matrix. [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
3.200) A rectangular element has its nodes at the following points in Cartesian coordinate
system (0, 0), (5, 0), (5, 5), and (0, 5). Obtain the expressions for the shape
functions of the corresponding Isoparametric element. Using them obtain the
elements if Jacobian matrix of transformation. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]

3.201) If the coordinates of the quadrilateral are (1, 2), (10, 2), (8, 6) and (2, 10). Obtain
the Jacobian and hence, find the area of the element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
3.202) Determine the Jacobian matrix for the following quadrilateral element at x = 4.35
mm and y = 3 mm. [AU, April / May 2011]

3.203) Consider the quadrilateral element as shown in figure. Evaluate
and
at
(, ), (0, 0) and (
) using Isoparametric formulation.

3.204) Establish the strain displacement matrix for the linear quadrilateral element as
shown in figure below at Gauss point r = 0.57735 and s = -57735.

3.205) Write short notes on [AU, Nov / Dec 2008]
(i) Uniqueness of mapping of Isoparametric elements.
(ii) Jacobian matrix.
(iii) Gaussian Quadrature integration technique.
3.206) Derive the Gauss points and weights in case of one point formula and two point
formula of Gauss numerical integration. [AU, April / May 2011]
3.207) Derive the weights and Gauss points of two point formula of Gauss quadrature
rule. [AU, May / June 2012]
3.208) Integrate ()
between 8 and
12. Use Gaussian quadrature rule. [AU, April / May 2008]
3.209) Evaluate the integral =
(
and compare with exact results.

3.210) Numerically evaluate the following integral and compare with exact one.
(

3.211) Using natural coordinates derive the shape function for a linear quadrilateral
3.212) Use Gauss quadrature rule (n=2) to numerically integrate [AU, Nov / Dec 2008]


3.213) Use Gaussian quadrature rule (n = 2) to numerically integrate


3.214) Evaluate
(
using Gauss quadrature formula.

3.215) Evaluate the integral
using one point and two point

Gauss quadrature formula. [AU, April / May 2011]
3.216) Evaluate the integral
using three point Gauss quadrature and

compare with exact solution. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
3.217) Evaluate (
using Gauss numerical integration.

3.218) Use Gaussian quadrature to obtain an exact value of the integral.
(
)( )


UNIT IV DYNAMIC ANALYSIS USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
PART A
4.1) What is dynamic analysis? Give examples [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
4.2) What is mean by dynamic analysis? [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
4.3) List the types of dynamic analysis problems. [AU, May / June 2012]
4.4) Define normal modes. [AU, May / June 2013]
4.5) Sketch two 3D elements exhibiting linear strain behavior. [AU, April / May 2011]
4.6) What is the influence of element distortion on the analysis results?
4.7) Determine the element mass matrix for one-dimensional, dynamic structural analysis
problems. Assume the two-node, linear element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
4.8) Comment on the accuracy of the values of natural frequencies obtained by using
lumped mass matrices and consistent mass matrices. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
4.9) Explain consistent load vector. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
4.10) What do you mean by Lumped mass matrix? [AU, May / June 2011]
4.11) Write down the lumped mass matrix for the truss element. [AU, April / May 2009]
4.12) What are the types of Eigen value problems? [AU, May / June 2012]
4.13) What is meant by mode superposition technique? [AU, May / June 2013]

PART B
4.14) Derive the equation of' motion based on weak form for transverse vibration of a
beam. [AU, May / June 2012]
4.15) Derive the governing equation for longitudinal vibration.
4.16) Derive the weak formulation for longitudinal vibration.
4.17) Derive the weak formulation for transverse vibration.
4.18) Derive the element equation for longitudinal free vibration.
4.19) Derive the element equation for transverse free vibration.
4.20) Derive the consistent mass matrix for bar element
4.21) Derive the consistent mass matrix for truss element

4.22) Derive the consistent mass matrix for CST element
4.23) Derive the consistent mass matrix for a truss element in its local coordinate system.
4.24) Derive the finite equations for the time dependent stress analysis of one dimensional
bar. [AU, May / June 2011]
4.25) Find the natural frequencies of transverse vibrations of the cantilever beam shown in
Figure using one beam element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]

4.26) Consider a uniform cross section bar as shown in figure of length L made up of a
material whose Youngs modulus and density are given by E and . Estimate the
natural frequencies of axial vibration of the bar using both lumped and consistent
mass matrix. [AU, May / June 2005]

4.27) Determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of transverse vibration for a beam
fixed at both ends. The beam may be modelled by two elements, each of length L and
cross-sectional area A. Consider lumped mass matrix approach.
4.28) Using two equal-length finite elements, determine the natural frequencies of the solid
circular shaft fixed at one end shown in figure. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]

4.29) Obtain the natural frequencies of vibration for a stepped steel bar of area 625mm
2
for
the length of 250mm and 312.5mm
2
for the length of 125mm. The element is fixed at
larger end [AU, Nov / Dec 2007]

4.30) Determine the Eigen values and frequencies for the stepped bar shown in the figure.
Take E = 20 * 10
10
N/m
2
and self-weight = 8500 kg.m
3


4.31) Find the natural frequency of longitudinal vibration of the unconstrained stepped bar
as shown in figure. [AU, Nov / Dec 2006]

4.32) Compute material frequencies of free transverse vibration of a stepped beam shown in
figure. [AU, May / June 2003]

4.33) Determine the natural frequencies of transverse vibration for a beam fixed at both
ends. The beam may be modelled by two elements each of length L and cross
sectional area A. The use of symmetry boundary condition is optional.


4.34) Determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a system whose stiffness and
mass matrices are given below [AU, May / June 2008]
[]
[

] []
[

]
4.35) Find the response of the system given below using modal superposition method.

4.36) Determine the natural frequencies for the truss shown in figure using finite element
method. [AU, May / June 2007]

4.37) Find the natural frequencies of vibration of two element simply supported beam by
taking advantage of the symmetry about the mid-point [AU, May / June 2007]

4.38) Formulate the mass matrix for two-dimensional rectangular element depicted in
figure. The element has uniform thickness 5 mm and density = 7.83 * 10
-6
kg/mm
3
.

4.39) Consider the undamped 2 degree of freedom system as shown in figure. Find the
response of the system when the first mass alone is given an initial displacement of
unity and realised from rest.

The mathematical representation of the system for free, Harmonic vibration is given
by [AU, May / June 2012]

4.40) Calculate the consistent and lumped load vector for the element shown in figure.

4.41) Consider a uniform cross section bar, as shown in figure of length L made up of
material whose young's modulus and density is given by E and . Estimate the
natural frequencies of axial vibration of the bar using both consistent and lumped
mass matrices. [AU, May / June 2013]

4.42) Determine the Eigen values and Eigen vectors for the stepped bar as shown in figure.


4.43) Find the Eigen values and Eigen vectors of the matrix.
[

]
4.44) Find the Eigen values and Eigen vectors of the matrix.
[

]
4.45) Use iterative procedures to determine the first and third Eigen values for the structure
shown in figure. Hence determine the second Eigen value and the natural frequencies
of building. Finally, establish the Eigen vectors and check the rest by applying the
orthogonality properties of Eigen vectors. [AU, May / June 2013]

.

UNIT V APPLICATIONS IN HEAT TRANSFER & FLUID
MECHANICS
PART A
5.1) Write down the one dimensional heat conduction equation. [AU, April / May 2011]
5.2) Write down the expression of shape function and temperature function for one
dimensional heat conduction. [AU, May / June 2011]
5.3) Write down the governing differential equation for the steady state one dimensional
conduction heat transfer.\ [AU, Nov / Dec 2010, 2012]
5.4) Write down the governing differential equation for a two dimensional steady-state
heat transfer problem. [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
5.5) Write down the stiffness matrix equation for one dimensional heat conduction
5.6) Sketch a two dimensional differential control element for heat transfer and obtain the
heat diffusion equation. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
5.7) Define element capacitance matrix for unsteady state heat transfer problems.
5.8) Name a few boundary conditions involved in any heat transfer analysis.
5.9) Mention two natural boundary conditions as applied to thermal problems.
5.10) Consider a wall of a tank containing a hot liquid at a temperature T
0
with an air
stream of temperature T
x
passed on the outside, maintaining a wall temperature of T
L

at the boundary. Specify the boundary conditions. [AU, April / May 2009]
5.11) Define static condensation. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
5.12) Give the governing equation of torsion problem. [AU, May / June 2012]
5.13) Write the step by step procedure of solving a torsion problem by finite element
method. [AU, April / May 2011]

5.14) Outline the step by step procedure of handling torsion problem using the finite
element method. [AU, May / June 2012]
5.15) Define streamline. [AU, May / June 2012]
5.16) Define the stream function for a one-dimensional incompressible flow.
5.17) List the applications of the potential flow. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
5.18) List the method of describing the motion of fluid. [AU, May / June 2012]
5.19) State the relation between the velocity of fluid flow and the hydraulic gradient
according to Darcy's law, explaining the terms involved. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
5.20) Define the stream function for a two dimensional incompressible flow.
Part B
5.21) Write the mathematical formulation for a steady state heat transfer conduction
problem and derive the stiffness and force matrices for the same.
5.22) Derive a finite element equation for one dimensional heat conduction with free end
convection. [AU, May / June 2013]
5.23) The temperature at the four corners of a four noded rectangle are T
1
, T
2
T
3
and T
4
.
Determine the consistent load vector for a 2-D analysis, aimed to determine the
thermal stresses. [AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009]
5.24) Derive the stiffness matrix and load vectors for fluid mechanics in two dimensional
finite element. [AU, May / June 2012]
5.25) Give the one-dimensional formulation for one-dimensional flow and derive the
element stiffness matrix for the flow through a porous medium.
5.26) In the finite element analysis of a two dimensional flow using triangular elements, the
velocity components u and v are assumed to vary linearly within an element (e) as

u(x ,y) = a
1
U
i
(e)
+ a
2
U
j
(e)
+ a
3
U
k
(e)
v(x ,y) = a
1
V
i
(e)
+ a
2
V
j
(e)
+ a
3
V
k
(e)

where (U
i
(e)
, V
i
(e)
) denote the values of (u, v) at node i. Find the relationship between
(U
i
(e)
, V
i
(e)
............. V
k
(e)
)which is to be satisfied for the flow to be incompressible.
5.27) Develop stiffness coefficients due to torsion for a three dimensional beam element.
5.28) Explain the potential function formulation of finite element equations for ideal flow
problems. [AU, May / June 2013]
5.29) Find the temperature at a point P(1,1.5) inside the triangular element shown with the
nodal temperatures given as T
1
= 40
0
C, T
J
= 34
0
C, and T
K
= 46
0
C. Also determine the
location of the 42
0
C contour line for the triangular element shown in figure below.

5.30) Obtain the finite element equations for the following element. The thermal
conductivity (k) of the material of the element is 2 W/ mK. The convective heat
transfer coefficient (h) is 3 W/m
2
K. The ambient temperature (T
f
) is 25 C. The
thickness (t) of the material is 1mm. Assume convection along the edge jk alone.

5.31) Compute the elemental stress vectors for the following element, assuming plane stress
conditions. The nodal displacements in mm [q] = [0 1 1 0 1 1]
T
. The
temperature increase in the element is 5C. Take E = 200 GPa and = 0.3. The
thermal coefficient of expansion is 11 * 10
-6
/C. The thickness of the material is 1
mm. [AU, April / May - 2011]

5.32) Calculate the element stiffness matrix and the thermal force vector for the
axisymmetric triangular element as shown below. The element experiences a 15
0
C
increase in temperature. Take o = 10 x 10
-6
/
0
C, E = 2 x 10
5
N/mm
2
and u= 0.25

5.33) Determine the temperature and heat fluxes at a location (2, 1) in a square plate as
shown in figure. Draw the isothermal for 125C. T
1
= 100C, T
2
= 150C, T
3
=
200C, T
4
= 50C [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]

5.34) Consider a brick wall as shown in figure of thickness L = 30cm, K = 0.7 W/mC. The
inner surface is at 28C and the outer surface is exposed to cold air at -15C. The heat
transfer coefficient associated with the outside surface is h = 40 W/m
2
C. Determine
the steady state temperature distribution within the wall and also the heat flux through
the wall. Use a two element model. Assume one dimensional flow.

5.35) A composite wall consists of three materials as shown in figure. The outer
temperature is T
0
= 20C. Convection heat transfer takes place on the inner surface of
the wall with T
= 800C and h = 25W/m

2
C. Determine the temperature distribution
in the wall. [AU, May / June 2011]

5.36) A composite wall is made of three different materials. The thermal conductivity of the
various sections are k
1
= 2 W/cm C, k
2
= 1 W/cm C, k
3
= 0.2 = W/cm C. The
thickness of the wall for the section is 1cm, 5cm and 4cm respectively. Determine the
temperature values of nodal points within the wall. Assume the surface area to unity.

The left edge of the wall is subjected to a temperature of 30C and the right side of the
wall is at 10C. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
5.37) Figure shows a sandwiched composite wall. Convection heat loss occurs on the left
surface and the temperature on the right surface is constant. Considering a unit area
and with the parameters given, use three linear elements (one for each layer) and
(i) Determine the temperature distribution through the composite wall and
(ii) Calculate the flux on the right surface of the wall. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]

5.38) A wall of 0.6m thickness having thermal conductivity of 1.2 W/m-K the wall is to be
insulated with a material of thickness 0.06 m having an average thermal conductivity
of 0.3 W/m-K. The inner surface temp is 1000C and outside of the insulation is
exposed to atmospheric air at 30C with heat transfer co-efficient of 35 N/m
2
K.
Calculate the nodal temperature using FEA. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
5.39) A long bar of rectangular cross section having thermal conductivity of 1.5 W/m
C is
subjected to the boundary condition as shown below. Two opposite sides are
maintained at uniform temperature of 180
0
C. One side is insulated and the remaining
side is subjected to a convection process with T
o
= 85
C and h = 50 W/m
2
C.
Determine the temperature distribution in the bar.

5.40) The plane wall shown below is 0.5 m thick. The left surface of the wall is maintained
at a constant temperature of 200
0
C and the right surface is insulated. The thermal
conductivity K = 25 W/M
o
C and there is a uniform heat generation inside the wall
of Q = 400 W/m
3
. Determine the temperature distribution through the wall thickness
using linear elements.

5.41) Determine three points on the 50
o
C contour line for the rectangular element shown in
the figure. The nodal values are u
i
= 42
o
C, u
j
=54
o
C, u
k
= 56
o
C and u
m
= 46
o
C.


5.42) Compute the steady state temperature distribution for the plate shown in the figure
below. A constant temperature of T
0
= 150
0
C is maintained along the edge y = w and
all other edges have zero temperature. The thermal conductivities are K
x
= K
y
= 1.
Assume w = L = 1 and thickness t = 1.

5.43) A steel rod of diameter d = 2 cm, length l =5 cm and thermal conductivity K = 50
W/mC is exposed at one end to a constant temperature of 320C. The other end is in
ambient air of temperature 20C with a convection co-efficient of h = 100 W/m
2
C.
Determine the temperature at the midpoint of the rod using FEA.
5.44) Determine the temperature distribution in one dimensional rectangular cross-section
as shown in Figure. The fin has rectangular cross-section and is 8cm long 4cm wide
and 1cm thick. Assume that convection heat loss occurs from the end of the fin. Take
h = 3W / cmC, h = 0.1 W / cm
2
C,T
= 20C. [AU, April / May 2011]

5.45) Calculate the temperature distribution in stainless steel fin shown in figure. The
region can be discretized into five elements and six nodes. [AU, April / May 2009]

5.46) Calculate the element stiffness matrix and thermal force vector for the plane stress
element shown in figure below. The element experiences a rise of 10
0
C.

5.47) Calculate the temperature at the point for a three noded triangular element as shown
in figure. The nodal values are T1 = 40C, T2 = 34C and T3 = 46C. Point A is
located at (2, 1.5). Assume the temperature is linearly varying in the element. Also
determine the location of 42C contour line. [AU, May / June 2011]

5.48) Determine the element stiffness matrix and the thermal load vector for the plane stress
element shown in figure. The element experiences 20
o
C increase in temperature. Take
E = 15e6 N/cm
2
, = 0.25, t = 0.5 cm and a = 6e - 6/
o
C. [AU, April / May - 2010]

5.49) The triangular element shown in figure is subjected to a constant pressure 10 N/mm
2

along the edge ij. Assume E = 200 Gpa, Poissons ratio = 0.3 and thickness of the
element = 2 mm. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the material o = 2
x10
-6
/
o
C and AT = 50
o
C. Determine the constitutive matrix (stress-strain relationship
matrix D) and the nodal force vector for the element. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]


5.50) Compute the element stiffness matrix and vectors for the element shown in figure
when the edge 2 3 and 3 1 experience heat loss. [AU, May / June 2012]

5.51) Compute the element matrices and vectors for the element shown below, when the
edges j
k
and i
k
experience convection heat loss.


5.52) Compute element matrices and vectors for the elements shown in figure when the
edge kj experiences convection heat loss. [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]

5.53) Obtain the finite element solution to the torsion problem for a rectangular cross
sections as shown below. Compute the torque required to produce a twist of 1
0
.

5.54) For the smooth pipe of variable cross-section as shown in Figure. Determine the
potentials at the junctions, the velocities in each pipe. The potentials at the left end is
10 m and that at the right end is 2m.The permeability coefficient is 1 m/sec.

Assignment Booklet Me2353 Finite Element Analysis Dec 2013 May 2014

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Assignment Booklet Me2353 Finite Element Analysis Dec 2013 May 2014

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.

) [AU, Nov / Dec 2008]

( ) [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]

( ) Find the value of the parameters a

[AU, April / May 2011]

The boundary conditions are given by

( ) find the solution of

() () [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]

[AU, May / June 2012]

) using Gaussian quadrature method.

) using Isoparametric formulation.

and compare with exact results.

[AU, April / May 2011]

[AU, Nov / Dec 2012]

using Gauss quadrature formula.

using one point and two point

using three point Gauss quadrature and

using Gauss numerical integration.

= 800C and h = 25W/m

= 20C. [AU, April / May 2011]

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen