Academy- was founded by Plato in ca. 387 BC in Athens.

It persisted throughout the Hellenistic period as a skeptical

school, until coming to an end after the death of Philo of Larissa in 83 BC. Although philosophers continued to teach
Plato's philosophy in Athens during the Roman era, it was not until AD 410 that a revived Academy was re-established
as a center for Neoplatonism, persisting until AD 529 when it was finally closed down by Justinian I.

Acanthus Leaf- It was first used by the Greeks in the 5th century BC on temple roof ornaments, on wall friezes, and
on the capital of the Corinthian column.

Acropolis -literally means city on the edge (or extremity). In Greek, Acropolis means "Highest City". For purposes of
defense, early settlers naturally chose elevated ground, frequently a hill with precipitous sides.

Aeschylus- first of classical Athens' great tragic dramatists, who raised that emerging art to great heights of poetry and
theatrical power.

Amphora- which survive in great numbers, were used as storage and transport vessels for olives, cereal, oil, and wine
(the wine amphora was a standard Attic measure of about 41 quarts [39 litres]) and, in outsize form, for funerals and as
grave markers.

Anaximenes- was a Greek Pre-Socratic philosopher from the latter half of the 6th century, probably a younger
contemporary of Anaximander, whose pupil or friend he is said to have been.

Antigone- in Greek mythology, daughter of Oedipus, king of Thebes, and Queen Jocasta.

Aphrodite- in Greek mythology, the goddess of love and beauty and the counterpart of the Roman goddess Venus.

Apollo- son of the god Zeus and Leto, daughter of a Titan.

Archimedes- was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his
life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity.

Aristotle- was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great

Artemis- was one of the most widely venerated of the Ancient Greek deities and one of the oldest. In the classical
period of Greek mythology, Artemis was often described as the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin sister of
Apollo.

Athens- historic city and capital of Greece. Many of classical civilization's intellectual and artistic ideas originated
there, and the city is generally considered to be the birthplace of Western civilization.

Chares- (lived in the 4th century BC) and was an Athenian general, who for a number of years maintained his
influence with the people by profuse corruption.
Corinthian- an ancient Greek order of architecture characterized by a slender column with an ornate capita

Diana- was the goddess of the hunt, being associated with wild animals and woodland, and also of the moon. In
literature she was the equivalent of the Greek goddess Artemis, though in cult beliefs she was Italic, not Greek, in
origin.

Discobolos –the so called Lancelotti discobolos is a famous Roman marble copy of a lost Greek bronze original, the
latter of which was completed towards the end of the Severe period, circa 460-450 BC. which is made by Myron.

Doric- one of the orders of classical architecture, characterized by a simple and austere column and capital.

Euripides- the last of the three great tragedians of classical Athens (the other two being Aeschylus and Sophocles).
Ancient scholars thought that Euripides had written ninety-five plays, although four of those were probably written by
Critias.
Hellas- name that came to be applied to ancient Greece, including the Greek islands and colonies. The name became
common after the great migrations of Hellenic peoples, beginning about 1100 BC. Modern Greece, in accordance with
the classical tradition, is also known as Hellas or Ellas.

Hera- in Greek religion, a daughter of the Titans Cronus and Rhea, sister-wife of Zeus, and queen of the Olympian
gods. The Romans identified her with their own Juno (q.v.).

Hermes- Greek god, son of Zeus and Maia; often identified with the Roman Mercury (q.v.) and with Casmilus or
Cadmilus, one of the Cabeiri (q.v.). His name is probably derived from herma (see herm), the Greek word for a heap of
stones, such as was used in the country to indicate boundaries or as a landmark.

Herodotus- Greek author of the first great narrative history produced in the ancient world, the History of the Greco-
Persian Wars. It is believed that he was born at Halicarnassus, a Greek city in southwest Asia Minor that was then
under Persian rule.
Hippocrates- was an ancient Greek physician of the Age of Pericles, and was considered one of the most outstanding
figures in the history of medicine. He is referred to as the "father of medicine"

Homer- is a legendary ancient Greek epic poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the Iliad and the
Odyssey.

Iliad- It revolves around the Greek warrior Achilles, who has withdrawn from the war against the Trojans because of
an insult. In this passage, Achilles learns that his friend Patroclus has been killed, and decides to return to battle. He is
aware of the sharp contrast between his own behavior and that of the heroic Patroclus. Achilles's mother, Thetis, warns
Achilles not to fight, but Achilles, acknowledging the power of Fate, persists.

Ionic- one of the five classical orders of architecture, characterized by fluted columns and capitals with spiral scroll-
shaped ornaments

Kore- plural Korai, type of freestanding statue of a maiden—the female counterpart of the kouros, or standing youth
—that appeared with the beginning of Greek monumental sculpture in about 660 BC and remained to the end of the
Archaic period in about 500 BC.

Kouros- plural kouroi archaic Greek statue representing a young standing male.Mimesis- basic theoretical principle in
the creation of art. The word is Greek and means “imitation” (though in the sense of “re-presentation” rather than of
“copying”).

Mimesis- is a critical and philosophical term that carries a wide range of meanings, which include: imitation,
representation, mimicry, imitatio, nonsensuous similarity, the act of resembling, the act of expression, and the
presentation of the self.

Mycenae- prehistoric Greek city in the Peloponnese, celebrated by Homer as “broad-streeted” and “golden.”
According to legend, Mycenae was the capital of Agamemnon, the Achaean king who sacked the city of Troy, and it
was set, as Homer says, “in a nook of Argos,” with a natural citadel formed by the ravines between the mountains of
Hagios Elias (Ayios Ilias) and Zara, and furnished with a fine perennial spring named Perseia after Perseus, the
legendary founder of Mycenae.

Myron- Greek sculptor, an older contemporary of the sculptors Phidias and Polyclitus, considered by the ancients as
one of the most versatile and innovative of all Attic sculptors.

Odyssey- narrates the return of the Greek hero Odysseus from the Trojan War. The opening scenes depict the disorder
that has arisen in Odysseus’s household during his long absence

Parthenon- chief temple of the Greek goddess Athena on the hill of the Acropolis at Athens, Greece. It was built in the
mid-5th century BC and is generally considered to be the culmination of the development of the Doric order, the
simplest of the three Classical Greek architectural orders. The name Parthenon refers to the cult of Athena Parthenos
(“Athena the Virgin”) that was associated with the temple.

Phidias- also spelled Pheidias. Athenian sculptor, the artistic director of the construction of the Parthenon, who
created its most important religious images and supervised and probably designed its overall sculptural decoration.

Pindar- Greek Pindaros, Latin Pindarus the greatest lyric poet of ancient Greece, the master of epinicia, choral odes
celebrating victories achieved in the Pythian, Olympic, Isthmian, and Nemean games.

Plato- was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the
Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.

Polytheism- belief in the existence of many gods or divine beings. It has been widespread in human cultures, past and
present, and has taken many forms. Natural forces and objects—celestial, atmospheric, and earthly (such as stars, rain,
mountains, and fire)—have often been identified with divinities.

Poseidon- in Greek religion, god of the sea and of water generally; he is to be distinguished from Pontus, the
personification of the sea and the oldest Greek divinity of the waters. The name Poseidon means either “husband of
earth” or “lord of the earth.” Traditionally he was a son of Cronus, an ancient chief god, and Rhea, a fertility goddess,
and was brother of Zeus, the chief god, and Hades, god of the underworld.

Post and lintel- in building construction, a system in which two upright members, the posts, hold up a third member,
the lintel, laid horizontally across their top surfaces.

Praxiteles- greatest of the Attic sculptors of the 4th century and one of the most original of Greek artists. By
transforming the detached and majestic style of his immediate predecessors into one of gentle grace and sensuous
charm, he profoundly influenced the subsequent course of Greek sculpture.

Sappho- also spelled (in the Aeolic dialect spoken by the poet) Psappho Greek lyric poet greatly admired in all ages
for the beauty of her writing style. She ranks with Archilochus and Alcaeus, among Greek poets, for her ability to
impress readers with a lively sense of her personality.

Scopas- Greek sculptor and architect of the late classical period who was ranked by ancient writers with Praxiteles and
Lysippus as one of the three major sculptors of the second half of the 4th century BC. He worked on three major
monuments of the 4th century: the temple of Athena Alea at Tegea (in Arcadia), the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, and
the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.

Socrates- was a Classical Greek philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, he is an
enigmatic figure known only through the classical accounts of his students. Plato's dialogues are the most
comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity.[2]

Sophocles- with Aeschylus and Euripides, one of classical Athens' three great tragic playwrights. The best known of
his 123 dramas is Oedipus the King.

Statue of Zeus- was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was made by the Greek sculptor of the
Classical period, Phidias, circa 432 BCE on the site where it was erected in the Temple of Zeus, Olympia, Greece. [1]

Temple of Artemis- also known less precisely as Temple of Diana, was a Greek temple dedicated to Artemis
completed— in its most famous phase— around 550 BCE at Ephesus (in present-day Turkey).

Temple of Zeus- temples erected in honor of the Greek god Zeus, located in Olympia, Greece and Agrigento in Sicily.
Designed by Libon of Elis in the mid-5th century BC, the temple of Zeus in Olympia contained a statue of Zeus made of
ivory and gold.

Terpander- Greek poet and musician of the Aegean island of Lesbos. Terpander was proverbially famous as a singer to
the accompaniment of the kithara, a seven-stringed instrument resembling a lyre, which he was said to have invented,
and from the name of which the word “guitar” derives. He was also credited with important developments in music for
that instrument and is said to have won a prize for music at the 26th Olympiad held in Sparta (676/672).
Thebes- is a city in Greece, situated to the north of the Cithaeron range, which divides Boeotia from Attica, and on the
southern edge of the Boeotian plain. It played an important role in Greek myth, as the site of the stories of Cadmus,
Oedipus, Dionysus and others.

Thespis- Attic Greek poet from the deme (district) of Icaria who reputedly originated the actor's role in drama. He was
often considered the “inventor of tragedy,” and his name is recorded as the first to win a prize for tragedy at the Great
Dionysia, c. 534 BC.

Trojan War- in Greek legend, famous war waged by the Greeks against the city of Troy.

Zeus- is the king of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus and the god of the sky and thunder. His symbols are the
thunderbolt, eagle, bull, and oak.

Glossary of Terms in The Arts

of Greece
Jay Christian J. Quimson
Name

III-1
Year and Section

Ms. Felix
Teacher