Product Description (V100R006 01)

OptiX OSN 9500 Intelligent Optical Switching System V100R006
Product Description
Issue Date
01 2008-12-20
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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OptiX OSN 9500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Product Description
Contents
Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................1 1 Network Application ................................................................................................................1-1 2 Functions......................................................................................................................................2-1
2.1 Electrical-Signal-Cored Bandwidth Switching Function................................................................................2-2 2.2 Capacity ..........................................................................................................................................................2-2 2.2.1 Cross-Connect Capacity.........................................................................................................................2-2 2.2.2 Slot Access Capacity..............................................................................................................................2-2 2.3 Service Type ...................................................................................................................................................2-3 2.3.1 Service Type...........................................................................................................................................2-3 2.3.2 Service Access Capability .....................................................................................................................2-5 2.4 Interface ..........................................................................................................................................................2-5 2.4.1 Service Interface.....................................................................................................................................2-6 2.4.2 Administration and Auxiliary Interface ................................................................................................2-6 2.5 Networking......................................................................................................................................................2-7 2.6 Protection........................................................................................................................................................2-7 2.6.1 Equipment-Level Protection .................................................................................................................2-7 2.6.2 Network-Level Protection......................................................................................................................2-8 2.7 Clock...............................................................................................................................................................2-8 2.8 ASON Features ..............................................................................................................................................2-8 2.9 Integration ......................................................................................................................................................2-9 2.10 Operation and Maintenance........................................................................................................................2-10 2.10.1 ETH-OAM.........................................................................................................................................2-11 2.10.2 Package Loading ...............................................................................................................................2-11 2.10.3 TCM...................................................................................................................................................2-12 2.10.4 Hot Patch ...........................................................................................................................................2-12 2.10.5 Monitoring of the Power Supply and Environment..........................................................................2-13 2.10.6 ECC Processing Capability ...............................................................................................................2-13 2.10.7 Network Management System...........................................................................................................2-13 2.10.8 OAM Information Exchange..............................................................................................................2-13
3 Hardware Architecture..............................................................................................................3-1
3.1 Overview.........................................................................................................................................................3-2 3.2 Cabinet............................................................................................................................................................3-3 Issue 01 (2008-12-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. i
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3.3 Subrack ...........................................................................................................................................................3-5 3.3.1 Subrack Structure...................................................................................................................................3-5 3.3.2 Slot Layout.............................................................................................................................................3-6 3.3.3 Boards and Their Valid Slots.................................................................................................................3-9 3.4 Boards ...........................................................................................................................................................3-11 3.4.1 Board Types.........................................................................................................................................3-12 3.4.2 SDH Interface Unit ..............................................................................................................................3-14 3.4.3 Ethernet Processing Unit .....................................................................................................................3-16 3.4.4 Cross-Connect Unit .............................................................................................................................3-16 3.4.5 System Control and Communication Unit ..........................................................................................3-17 3.4.6 Clock Processing Unit..........................................................................................................................3-17 3.4.7 Orderwire Unit.....................................................................................................................................3-18 3.4.8 System Communication Unit...............................................................................................................3-18 3.4.9 Power Interface Unit............................................................................................................................3-18 3.4.10 Electromechanical Information Processing Unit................................................................................3-18 3.4.11 Key Power Backup Unit.....................................................................................................................3-18 3.4.12 Dispersion Compensation Unit..........................................................................................................3-19 3.4.13 Optical Amplifier Unit.......................................................................................................................3-19
4 Software Architecture................................................................................................................4-1
4.1 Overview.........................................................................................................................................................4-2 4.2 Communication Protocols...............................................................................................................................4-2 4.3 Board Software................................................................................................................................................4-3 4.4 NE Software....................................................................................................................................................4-3 4.5 Network Management System........................................................................................................................4-4 4.6 ASON Software...............................................................................................................................................4-5
5 Ethernet Features .......................................................................................................................5-1

5.1 Functions.........................................................................................................................................................5-2 5.2 Application......................................................................................................................................................5-7 5.3 Protection......................................................................................................................................................5-11
6 DCN Features .............................................................................................................................6-1

6.1 DCN Overview ...............................................................................................................................................6-2 6.1.1 Background of DCN...............................................................................................................................6-3 6.1.2 DCN Solution.........................................................................................................................................6-3 6.1.3 Equipment DCC Allocation...................................................................................................................6-4 6.2 HWECC .........................................................................................................................................................6-5 6.2.1 Functions and Features...........................................................................................................................6-5 6.2.2 Application.............................................................................................................................................6-5 6.3 IP over DCC ...................................................................................................................................................6-7 6.3.1 Features..................................................................................................................................................6-7 6.3.2 Application.............................................................................................................................................6-7 6.4 OSI over DCC ................................................................................................................................................6-9 ii Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Issue 01 (2008-12-20)
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6.4.1 Features..................................................................................................................................................6-9 6.4.2 Application.............................................................................................................................................6-9
7 ASON Features...........................................................................................................................7-1
7.1 Automatic Discovery of the Topologies.........................................................................................................7-3 7.1.1 Auto-Discovery of Control Links..........................................................................................................7-3 7.1.2 Auto-Discovery of TE Links..................................................................................................................7-4 7.2 End-to-End Service Configuration..................................................................................................................7-5 7.3 Mesh Networking Protection and Restoration................................................................................................7-6 7.4 ASON Clock Tracing......................................................................................................................................7-7 7.5 SLA...............................................................................................................................................................7-10 7.6 Diamond Services.........................................................................................................................................7-11 7.7 Gold Services................................................................................................................................................7-15 7.8 Silver Services...............................................................................................................................................7-17 7.9 Copper Services.............................................................................................................................................7-19 7.10 Iron Services................................................................................................................................................7-20 7.11 Tunnels........................................................................................................................................................7-21 7.12 Service Association.....................................................................................................................................7-23 7.13 Service Optimization...................................................................................................................................7-24 7.14 Service Migration........................................................................................................................................7-24 7.15 Reverting Services to Original Routes........................................................................................................7-25 7.16 Preset Restoring Trail..................................................................................................................................7-25 7.17 Shared Mesh Restoration Trail....................................................................................................................7-25 7.18 Shared Risk Link Group..............................................................................................................................7-26 7.19 Amalgamation of ASON and LCAS...........................................................................................................7-27
8 Configuration and Networking...............................................................................................8-1

8.1 Equipment Configuration ...............................................................................................................................8-2 8.2 Typical Networking Application ....................................................................................................................8-3 8.2.1 Networking Topology Structure.............................................................................................................8-4 8.2.2 Networking for Multi-Granularity Service Grooming, Service Convergence and Bandwidth Switching .........................................................................................................................................................................8-7 8.2.3 Networking Application of Ethernet Services........................................................................................8-7 8.2.4 Networking with SDH Equipment to Be the Metropolitan Backbone Node.......................................8-10 8.2.5 Networking with DWDM Equipment to Be the Supertrunk Backbone Node.....................................8-11
9 Protection ....................................................................................................................................9-1
9.1 Equipment-Level Protection ..........................................................................................................................9-2 9.1.1 Hot Backup 1+1 Redundancy Protection for Key Functional Modules.................................................9-2 9.1.2 Protection Against Abnormal Conditions..............................................................................................9-2 9.1.3 Data Security..........................................................................................................................................9-3 9.2 Network-Level Protection ..............................................................................................................................9-4 9.2.1 Linear MSP............................................................................................................................................9-4 9.2.2 Self-Healing Ring Protection.................................................................................................................9-5 9.2.3 Inter-Ring Interconnection Service Protection.......................................................................................9-7 Issue 01 (2008-12-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iii
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OptiX OSN 9500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Product Description 9.2.4 Subnet Connection Protection and Subnet Connection Tunneling Protection.......................................9-8 9.2.5 Mesh Networking and Rerouting Protection..........................................................................................9-9
9.3 Clock Synchronization Protection ................................................................................................................9-10
10 Clock.........................................................................................................................................10-1
10.1 Clock Source ..............................................................................................................................................10-2 10.1.1 External Clock Source........................................................................................................................10-2 10.1.2 Line Clock Source..............................................................................................................................10-2 10.1.3 Internal Clock Source.........................................................................................................................10-2 10.2 Clock Working Mode .................................................................................................................................10-2 10.2.1 Locked Mode......................................................................................................................................10-3 10.2.2 Holdover Mode..................................................................................................................................10-3 10.2.3 Free-Run Mode..................................................................................................................................10-3 10.3 Clock Outputs..............................................................................................................................................10-3 10.4 Clock Protection .........................................................................................................................................10-3 10.4.1 Clock Configuration with SSM Not Enabled.....................................................................................10-4 10.4.2 Clock Configuration with Standard SSM Enabled............................................................................10-5 10.4.3 Clock Configuration with Extended SSM Enabled............................................................................10-6
11 OAM ........................................................................................................................................11-1
11.1 Operation and Maintenance........................................................................................................................11-2 11.2 Network Management.................................................................................................................................11-3
12 Security Management............................................................................................................12-1
12.1 Authentication Management.......................................................................................................................12-2 12.2 Authorization Management.........................................................................................................................12-2 12.3 Network Security Management...................................................................................................................12-2 12.4 System Security Management.....................................................................................................................12-3 12.5 Log Management.........................................................................................................................................12-3 12.5.1 NE Security Log Management...........................................................................................................12-4 12.5.2 Syslog Management...........................................................................................................................12-4
13 Technical Specifications.......................................................................................................13-1
13.1 Interface Type ............................................................................................................................................13-3 13.2 Optical Interface Performance ....................................................................................................................13-3 13.2.1 Classification of Optical Interfaces....................................................................................................13-4 13.2.2 Specifications of Optical Interfaces ..................................................................................................13-5 13.2.3 Frequency Deviation Tolerance at the Input Optical Interface........................................................13-13 13.2.4 AIS Rate Deviation Tolerance at the Output Optical Interface........................................................13-14 13.2.5 Laser Class ......................................................................................................................................13-14 13.3 Electrical Interface Performance ..............................................................................................................13-14 13.3.1 Signal Rate Deviation Tolerance at the Output Interface.................................................................13-15 13.3.2 Attenuation Tolerance at the Input Interface....................................................................................13-15 13.3.3 Frequency Deviation Tolerance at the Input Interface.....................................................................13-16 13.4 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance ....................................................................................13-16 iv Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Issue 01 (2008-12-20)
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13.4.1 Clock Interface Type........................................................................................................................13-17 13.4.2 Timing and Synchronization Performance.......................................................................................13-17 13.5 Auxiliary Interface ...................................................................................................................................13-17 13.6 Power Interface ........................................................................................................................................13-19 13.7 Alarm Interface.........................................................................................................................................13-20 13.8 Protection Performance.............................................................................................................................13-20 13.9 Transmission Performance........................................................................................................................13-22 13.10 Power Supply Specifications ..................................................................................................................13-23 13.11 Power Consumption and Weight of Boards ...........................................................................................13-23 13.12 Electromagnetic Compatibility ..............................................................................................................13-25 13.13 Safety Standards......................................................................................................................................13-26 13.14 Environmental Specification...................................................................................................................13-27 13.15 Environment Requirement......................................................................................................................13-28 13.15.1 Environment for Storage................................................................................................................13-28 13.15.2 Environment for Transportation.....................................................................................................13-30 13.15.3 Environment for Operation............................................................................................................13-33
14 Compliance Standards..........................................................................................................14-1
14.1 ITU-T Recommendations ...........................................................................................................................14-2 14.2 IEEE Standards ..........................................................................................................................................14-3 14.3 IETF Standards ...........................................................................................................................................14-3 14.4 Environment Related Standards .................................................................................................................14-4 14.5 EMC Related Standards..............................................................................................................................14-5
15 Basic Principles.......................................................................................................................15-1
15.1 Introduction to SDH....................................................................................................................................15-2 15.1.1 SDH Levels .......................................................................................................................................15-2 15.1.2 Multiplexing Structure ......................................................................................................................15-2 15.1.3 Basic Frame Structure .......................................................................................................................15-3 15.1.4 SOH Description................................................................................................................................15-3 15.1.5 Path Overhead (POH) Bytes Description ..........................................................................................15-7 15.2 Introduction to Ethernet..............................................................................................................................15-8 15.2.1 Basic Technologies............................................................................................................................15-8 15.2.2 Ethernet Frame Structure...................................................................................................................15-9 15.3 Link Aggregation .......................................................................................................................................15-9 15.3.1 Overview..........................................................................................................................................15-10 15.3.2 Characteristics..................................................................................................................................15-10 15.3.3 Link Aggregation Classification......................................................................................................15-10 15.4 QinQ Principle...........................................................................................................................................15-11 15.4.1 Introduction to QinQ........................................................................................................................15-11 15.4.2 QinQ Data Frame Structure..............................................................................................................15-11
16 Glossary....................................................................................................................................16-1
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17 Acronyms and Abbreviations..............................................................................................17-1
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Figures
Figures
Figure 1-1 Front view of the OptiX OSN 9500 subrack......................................................................................1-2 Figure 1-2 Rear view of the OptiX OSN 9500 subrack.......................................................................................1-3 Figure 1-3 Typical networking application of the OptiX OSN 9500...................................................................1-4 Figure 3-1 Overall appearance of the OptiX OSN 9500......................................................................................3-2 Figure 3-2 Appearance of the T66 cabinet housing the OptiX OSN 9500..........................................................3-3 Figure 3-3 Appearance of the N66T cabinet housing the OptiX OSN 9500........................................................3-4 Figure 3-4 Overall structure of the OptiX OSN 9500 subrack.............................................................................3-6 Figure 3-5 Slot allocation of the front slot area of the subrack............................................................................3-7 Figure 3-6 Slot allocation of the rear slot area of the subrack..............................................................................3-8 Figure 3-7 Inter-board relations.........................................................................................................................3-14 Figure 4-1 Software architecture..........................................................................................................................4-2 Figure 4-2 ASON software architecture...............................................................................................................4-5 Figure 5-1 EPL service based on port..................................................................................................................5-8 Figure 5-2 EVPL service of shared ports.............................................................................................................5-9 Figure 5-3 EVPL services isolated by VLAN tags..............................................................................................5-9 Figure 5-4 EVPL services isolated by QinQ technology.....................................................................................5-9 Figure 5-5 EPLAN service.................................................................................................................................5-10 Figure 5-6 EVPLAN service..............................................................................................................................5-11 Figure 5-7 Dynamic bandwidth adjustment through LCAS..............................................................................5-12 Figure 5-8 Virtual concatenation group protection through LCAS....................................................................5-13 Figure 6-1 DCN network......................................................................................................................................6-2 Figure 6-2 Position of DCC bytes in the SDH overhead.....................................................................................6-3 Figure 6-3 Networking with extended ECC.........................................................................................................6-6 Figure 6-4 OAM information transparently transmitted from the third party equipment (ECC)........................6-6 Figure 6-5 OAM information transparently transmitted by the third party equipment (ECC)............................6-7 Figure 6-6 OAM information transparently transmitted by the third party equipment (IP)................................6-8 Figure 6-7 Transparent transmission of OAM information from the third party equipment (IP)........................6-9 Figure 6-8 OAM information transparently transmitted by the third party equipment (OSI)............................6-10 Figure 6-9 Transparent transmission of OAM information from the third party equipment (OSI)...................6-11 Figure 7-1 Auto-discovery of control links..........................................................................................................7-3 Figure 7-2 Management of control topology.......................................................................................................7-4 Figure 7-3 TE link auto-discovery.......................................................................................................................7-5 Figure 7-4 End-to-end service configuration.......................................................................................................7-6 Issue 01 (2008-12-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. vii
Figures
OptiX OSN 9500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Product Description Figure 7-5 Trail restoration..................................................................................................................................7-7
Figure 7-6 ASON clock subnet............................................................................................................................7-8 Figure 7-7 Diamond Services.............................................................................................................................7-12 Figure 7-8 Gold services....................................................................................................................................7-16 Figure 7-9 A silver service.................................................................................................................................7-18 Figure 7-10 Tunnel.............................................................................................................................................7-21 Figure 7-11 Lower cross-connection..................................................................................................................7-22 Figure 7-12 Service association.........................................................................................................................7-23 Figure 7-13 Shared mesh restoration trail..........................................................................................................7-26 Figure 7-14 LCAS (different path).....................................................................................................................7-27 Figure 7-15 LCAS (same path)..........................................................................................................................7-27 Figure 8-1 Networking configuration of the OptiX OSN 9500 performing multi-granularity service grooming and service convergence..............................................................................................................................................8-7 Figure 8-2 Point-to-point connection of the GE service......................................................................................8-8 Figure 8-3 Layer 2 switching networking for the GE service..............................................................................8-9 Figure 8-4 Transparent transmission of GE services ..........................................................................................8-9 Figure 8-5 Converging multiple GE services to a 10xGE service ....................................................................8-10 Figure 8-6 Network of the OptiX OSN 9500 combined with the OptiX 10G and OptiX 2.5G MADMs.........8-11 Figure 8-7 Networking application of the OptiX OSN 9500 and the DWDM equipment.................................8-11 Figure 10-1 Clock networking with SSM disabled............................................................................................10-5 Figure 10-2 Clock networking with standard SSM enabled..............................................................................10-6 Figure 10-3 Clock tracing of intersecting rings with extended SSM enabled....................................................10-7 Figure 12-1 Schematic diagram of Syslog protocol transmitting.......................................................................12-4 Figure 15-1 Multiplexing structure....................................................................................................................15-3 Figure 15-2 STM-N frame structure..................................................................................................................15-3 Figure 15-3 STM-1 SOH....................................................................................................................................15-4 Figure 15-4 STM-4 SOH....................................................................................................................................15-5 Figure 15-5 STM-16 SOH..................................................................................................................................15-5 Figure 15-6 STM-64 SOH .................................................................................................................................15-6 Figure 15-7 Ethernet frame structure ................................................................................................................15-9 Figure 15-8 Schematic diagram of link aggregation........................................................................................15-10 Figure 15-9 QinQ data frame structure............................................................................................................15-11 Figure 15-10 C-TAG TCI structure..................................................................................................................15-12 Figure 15-11 S-TAG TCI structure..................................................................................................................15-12
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Tables
Tables
Table 2-1 Slot access capacity (720 Gbit/s)......................................................................................................... 2-3 Table 2-2 Slot access capacity (400 Gbit/s)......................................................................................................... 2-3 Table 2-3 Services supported by the OptiX OSN 9500........................................................................................2-4 Table 2-4 Maximum access capability of a single OptiX OSN 9500 subrack.....................................................2-5 Table 3-1 Technical specifications of the T66 cabinet.........................................................................................3-4 Table 3-2 Technical specifications of the N66T cabinet......................................................................................3-5 Table 3-3 Technical specifications of the OptiX OSN 9500 subrack.................................................................. 3-6 Table 3-4 Technical specifications of the fan tray assembly................................................................................3-6 Table 3-5 Slot layout............................................................................................................................................ 3-8 Table 3-6 Boards and their valid slots (720 Gbit/s)..............................................................................................3-9 Table 3-7 Boards and their valid slots (400 Gbit/s)............................................................................................3-10 Table 3-8 Boards................................................................................................................................................3-12 Table 3-9 SDH interface unit..............................................................................................................................3-15 Table 3-10 Ethernet processing unit...................................................................................................................3-16 Table 3-11 Comparison of cross-connect boards for the OptiX OSN 9500.......................................................3-17 Table 5-1 Functions and features of the EGT6.....................................................................................................5-2 Table 5-2 Functions and features of the EGT6A..................................................................................................5-3 Table 5-3 Functions and features of the GE06.....................................................................................................5-4 Table 5-4 Functions and features of the EGTH....................................................................................................5-4 Table 5-5 Functions and features of the EGS8.....................................................................................................5-5 Table 5-6 Functions and features of the EAS1.....................................................................................................5-6 Table 6-1 DCC allocation modes of the OptiX OSN 9500..................................................................................6-4 Table 7-1 Service level.......................................................................................................................................7-10 Table 7-2 TE links used by ASON services.......................................................................................................7-10 Table 7-3 Attributes of the permanent 1+1 diamond services............................................................................7-12 Table 7-4 Attributes of the rerouting 1+1 diamond service...............................................................................7-13 Table 7-5 Attributes of the non-rerouting 1+1 diamond service........................................................................7-14 Table 7-6 Attributes of gold services.................................................................................................................7-16 Table 7-7 Attributes of silver services................................................................................................................7-18 Table 7-8 Attributes of copper services..............................................................................................................7-19 Table 7-9 Attributes of iron services..................................................................................................................7-20 Table 7-10 Attributes of tunnels.........................................................................................................................7-22 Table 7-11 Attributes of service 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Tables
OptiX OSN 9500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Product Description Table 8-1 Board configuration resources............................................................................................................. 8-2 Table 8-2 Network topology.................................................................................................................................8-4 Table 9-1 Linear MSP parameters........................................................................................................................9-5 Table 9-2 MSP ring parameters............................................................................................................................9-7 Table 9-3 SNCP parameters.................................................................................................................................9-8 Table 9-4 SSM encoding mode..........................................................................................................................9-10 Table 10-1 Priority list with the SSM not enabled.............................................................................................10-5 Table 10-2 Clock priority list with standard SSM enabled................................................................................10-6 Table 10-3 Clock priority list with extended SSM enabled...............................................................................10-7 Table 13-1 Interface type....................................................................................................................................13-3 Table 13-2 Types of optical interfaces...............................................................................................................13-4 Table 13-3 Specifications of STM-1 optical interfaces......................................................................................13-5 Table 13-4 Specifications of STM-4 optical interfaces......................................................................................13-6 Table 13-5 Specifications of STM-16 optical interfaces....................................................................................13-7 Table 13-6 Specifications of STM-64 optical interfaces....................................................................................13-9 Table 13-7 Wavelengths for STM-16 and STM-64 optical interfaces.............................................................13-10 Table 13-8 Specifications of STM-16 and STM-64 colored optical interfaces................................................13-11 Table 13-9 Specifications of GE and 10xGE optical interfaces.......................................................................13-13 Table 13-10 Frequency deviation tolerance at the input interface...................................................................13-13 Table 13-11 AIS rate deviation tolerance at the output optical interface.........................................................13-14 Table 13-12 Laser class....................................................................................................................................13-14 Table 13-13 Signal rate deviation tolerance at the SMB output interface........................................................13-15 Table 13-14 Signal rate deviation tolerance at the 1000BASE-T output interface..........................................13-15 Table 13-15 Attenuation tolerance at the SMB input interface........................................................................13-16 Table 13-16 Attenuation tolerance at the 1000BASE-T input interface..........................................................13-16 Table 13-17 Frequency deviation tolerance at the SMB input interface..........................................................13-16 Table 13-18 Frequency deviation tolerance at the 1000BASE-T input interface............................................13-16 Table 13-19 Clock features of the OptiX OSN 9500.......................................................................................13-17 Table 13-20 Timing and synchronization performance....................................................................................13-17 Table 13-21 Auxiliary interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500...............................................................................13-17 Table 13-22 Specifications of the orderwire phone interfaces........................................................................13-18 Table 13-23 Specifications of the 64 kbit/s codirectional data interface..........................................................13-18 Table 13-24 Specifications of RS-232 serial interfaces...................................................................................13-19 Table 13-25 Specifications of RS-422 interfaces.............................................................................................13-19 Table 13-26 Linear MSP parameters................................................................................................................13-20 Table 13-27 MSP ring parameters....................................................................................................................13-21 Table 13-28 SNCP parameters.........................................................................................................................13-22 Table 13-29 Transmission performance...........................................................................................................13-22 Table 13-30 Power supply specifications.........................................................................................................13-23 Table 13-31 Power consumption and weight of boards...................................................................................13-23 Table 13-32 International EMC standards that the OptiX OSN 9500 complies with......................................13-25 Table 13-33 Safety standards that the OptiX OSN 9500 complies with..........................................................13-26
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Table 13-34 Environment specifications for long-term operation...................................................................13-27 Table 13-35 Climate requirements for storage.................................................................................................13-28 Table 13-36 Density requirements for mechanical active substances during storage......................................13-29 Table 13-37 Density requirements for chemical active substances during storage..........................................13-29 Table 13-38 Requirements for mechanical stress during storage.....................................................................13-30 Table 13-39 Climate requirements for transportation......................................................................................13-30 Table 13-40 Density requirements for mechanical active substances during transportation...........................13-31 Table 13-41 Density requirements for chemical active substances during transportation...............................13-31 Table 13-42 Requirements for mechanical stress during transportation..........................................................13-32 Table 13-43 Requirements for temperature and humidity................................................................................13-33 Table 13-44 Other climate requirements..........................................................................................................13-33 Table 13-45 Density requirements for mechanically active substances during operation...............................13-34 Table 13-46 Density requirements for chemically active substances during operation...................................13-34 Table 13-47 Requirements for mechanical stress during operation.................................................................13-35 Table 15-1 SDH levels and the corresponding bit rates ....................................................................................15-2 Table 15-2 SOH bytes description......................................................................................................................15-6 Table 15-3 Description of the VC-3/VC-4/VC-4-xc POH bytes.......................................................................15-7 Table 15-4 Description of the VC-12 POH bytes...............................................................................................15-7 Table 15-5 TPID settings..................................................................................................................................15-12
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About This Document
About This Document

Overview
This document describes the functions, components, performance, and principles of the OptiX OSN 9500 equipment. This document provides information about the OptiX OSN 9500 equipment based on the product features in terms of network application, functions, hardware/software architecture, data features, and ASON features.
Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document. Product Name OptiX OSN 9500 Version V100R006
Intended Audience
This document is intended for:
l
Network planning engineers
Organization
This document consists of sixteen chapters and is organized as follows. Chapter 1 Network Application Content Describes the features of the OptiX OSN 9500, the position of the OptiX OSN 9500 in the optical transmission network. In addition, describes the roles, key functions, and networking application of the OptiX OSN 9500.
1
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Chapter 2 Functions 3 Hardware Architecture 4 Software Architecture 5 Ethernet Features
Content Describes the hardware and software functions of the OptiX OSN 9500. Describes the hardware and its functional units of the OptiX OSN 9500. Describes all types of software of the OptiX OSN 9500 and their relations. Describes Ethernet boards and typical Ethernet service scenarios of the OptiX OSN 9500. Describes the DCN features of the OptiX OSN 9500. Describes various ASON features and ASON services of the OptiX OSN 9500. Describes the equipment configuration and typical networking application of the OptiX OSN 9500. Describes the equipmentlevel protection, networklevel protection and clock protection of the OptiX OSN 9500. Describes the clock of the OptiX OSN 9500, in terms of optional clock sources, clock working and output modes and how to realize clock protection switching. Describes the operation, maintenance, network management, and security management of the OptiX OSN 9500. Describes various technical specifications of the OptiX OSN 9500. Lists international standards that the OptiX OSN 9500 complies with. Describes the basic concepts and principles of multiple important optical transmission technologies. Lists the terms used in this document. Lists the acronyms and abbreviations used in this document.
6 DCN Features 7 ASON Features 8 Configuration and Networking
9 Protection
10 Clock
11 OAM
13 Technical Specifications 14 Compliance Standards 15 Basic Principles
16 Glossary 17 Acronyms and Abbreviations
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About This Document
Conventions
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows. Symbol Description Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could cause equipment damage, data loss, and performance degradation, or unexpected results. Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save you time. Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement important points of the main text.
General Conventions
Convention Times New Roman Boldface Italic Courier New Description Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman. Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in boldface. For example, log in as user root. Book titles are in italics. Terminal display is in Courier New.
Command Conventions
Convention Boldface Italic Description The keywords of a command line are in boldface. Command arguments are in italic.
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Convention [] { x | y | ... } [ x | y | ... ] { x | y | ... } * [ x | y | ... ] *
Description Items (keywords or arguments) in square brackets [ ] are optional. Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars. One is selected. Optional alternative items are grouped in square brackets and separated by vertical bars. One or none is selected. Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars. A minimum of one or a maximum of all can be selected. A number of items or no items are selected from two or more items.
GUI Conventions
Convention Boldface > Description Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles are in boldface. For example, click OK. Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">" signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.
Keyboard Operation
Format Key Key 1+Key 2 Key 1, Key 2 Description Press the key. For example, press Enter and press Tab. Press the keys concurrently. For example, pressing Ctrl+Alt+A means the three keys should be pressed concurrently. Press the keys in turn. For example, pressing Alt, A means the two keys should be pressed in turn.
Mouse Operation
Action Click Double-click Drag Description Select and release the primary mouse button without moving the pointer. Press the primary mouse button twice continuously and quickly without moving the pointer. Press and hold the primary mouse button and move the pointer to a certain position.
Issue 01 (2008-12-20)
About This Document
Update History
Updates between document versions are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document version contains all updates made to previous versions.
Updates in Issue 01 (2008-12-20) Based on Product Version V100R006

This document of the V100R006 version is of the first release. Compared with the V100R005, this version has the following new or optimized content: Chapter 2 Functions Descriptions of the lower order cross-connect boards and lower order cross-connect protection groups are added. Descriptions of various protection parameters in the network-level protection are optimized. Chapter 3 Hardware Architecture Descriptions of the EGT6A and EGTH boards are added. Chapter 6 ASON Features The OVPN and UNI services are added. Descriptions of the ASON integrated with traditional SDH are added. Chapter 11 Security Management Descriptions of various protection parameters in the network-level protection are added. The organization and content of the document are optimized.

This document of the V100R005 version is of the first release. Compared with the V100R004, this version has the following new or optimized content: Chapter 3 Hardware Descriptions of the EGS8 and EAS1 boards are added. Chapter 9 Protection Descriptions of the transoceanic MSP ring, SNCTP, and DLAG protection modes are added. Several bugs in this document of the previous version are fixed.

This document of the V100R004 version is of the third release. Compared with issue 02, issue 03 has the following revised or optimized content: Descriptions of the L64E, O16E, Q16E, D16E and L16E boards are added. Several bugs in this document of the previous version are fixed.

This document of the V100R004 version is of the second release. Compared with issue 01, issue 02 has the following revised or optimized content:
Issue 01 (2008-12-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 5
About This Document
Several bugs in this document of the previous version are fixed.

This document of the V100R004 version is of the first release.
Updates in Issue 03 (2006-06-20) Based on Product Version V100R003C02

This document of the V100R003C02 version is of the third release. Compared with issue 02, issue 03 has the following revised or optimized content: Several bugs in this document of the previous version are fixed.

The former manual version is T1-040460-20051220-C-1.32. This document of the V100R003C02 version is of the second release. Compared with issue 01, issue 02 has the following revised or optimized content: Several bugs in this document of the previous version are fixed.

The former manual version is T1-040460-20051105-C-1.31. This document of the V100R003C02 version is of the first release.
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1 Network Application
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Network Application
As an intelligent optical switching platform, the OptiX OSN 9500 is the optical core switching (OCS) equipment. The OptiX OSN 9500 is mainly used in a national trunk network, provincial trunk network, or MAN trunk network as a node grooming services. The key functions of the OptiX OSN 9500 are as follows. The OptiX OSN 9500 features large switching capacity and flexible networking mode. The OptiX OSN 9500 provides a maximum of 4608 x 4608 VC-4 higher order cross-connect capacity, and a maximum of 32256 x 32256 VC-12 (or 1536 x 1536 VC-3) lower order cross-connect capacity. The OptiX OSN 9500 supports networking schemes, such as the chain, ring and mesh. The OptiX OSN 9500 grooms services in VC-4, VC-3, or VC-12 granularities to meet different network application requirements. The OptiX OSN 9500 can access multiple services, such as STM-1(E), STM-1(O), STM-4, STM-16, STM-64, GE and 10xGE services. The OptiX OSN 9500 has ASON features, such as automatic end-to-end service configuration, service level agreement (SLA), traffic engineering, mesh networking, and protection. The OptiX OSN 9500 can be used alone or together with other Huawei optical transmission equipment for networking. In addition, the OptiX OSN 9500 can be interconnected with the SDH and DWDM equipment of the other vendors, which complies with ITU-T Recommendations.
Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2 show the appearance of the OptiX OSN 9500.
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Figure 1-1 Front view of the OptiX OSN 9500 subrack
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Figure 1-2 Rear view of the OptiX OSN 9500 subrack
Figure 1-3 shows typical networking application of the OptiX OSN 9500.
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Figure 1-3 Typical networking application of the OptiX OSN 9500

OptiX OSN 3500 II OptiX OSN 3500T OptiX OSN 3500
OptiX OSN 9500
OptiX OSN 7500 Backbone layer

OptiX OSN 3500 II OptiX OSN 3500T OptiX OSN 3500
OptiX OSN 2500
Convergence layer
OptiX OSN 1500
OptiX OSN 2500 Access layer
GSM/CDMA/ WCDMA/TDSCDMA
PSTN
Ethernet
...
ATM
SAN
Microwave Technology
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WDMA) Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) Public Switched Telephony Network (PSTN) Storage Area Network (SAN) Ethernet Microwave Technology
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2 Functions
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About This Chapter
Functions
This chapter describes the hardware and software functions of the OptiX OSN 9500. 2.1 Electrical-Signal-Cored Bandwidth Switching Function This topic describes the bandwidth switching type and cross-connect granularity of the OptiX OSN 9500. 2.2 Capacity This topic describes the cross-connect capacity and slot access capacity of the OptiX OSN 9500. 2.3 Service Type This topic describes the service type and service access capability of the OptiX OSN 9500. 2.4 Interface This topic describes the service interface, administration and auxiliary interface of the OptiX OSN 9500. 2.5 Networking This topic describes the NEs and network topologies of the OptiX OSN 9500. 2.6 Protection This topic describes the equipment-level protection and network-level protection of the OptiX OSN 9500. 2.7 Clock This topic describes the clock performance and feature of the OptiX OSN 9500. 2.8 ASON Features This topic describes the ASON feature of the OptiX OSN 9500. 2.9 Integration The equipment integrates multiple functions. A single subrack can groom a maximum of 720 Gbit/s higher order and 80 Gbit/s lower order services. 2.10 Operation and Maintenance The OptiX OSN 9500 supports the operation, administration, and maintenance functions. In addition, the T2000 can be used to operate, maintain and manage the equipment in the entire network.
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2.1 Electrical-Signal-Cored Bandwidth Switching Function

This topic describes the bandwidth switching type and cross-connect granularity of the OptiX OSN 9500. As electrical-signal-cored (O-E-O, namely, optical-electrical-optical) bandwidth switching equipment, the OptiX OSN 9500 can cross-connect services of VC-4, VC-3, and VC-12 granularities.
2.2 Capacity
This topic describes the cross-connect capacity and slot access capacity of the OptiX OSN 9500. 2.2.1 Cross-Connect Capacity The OptiX OSN 9500 provides large capacity to cross-connect services of multiple granularities. 2.2.2 Slot Access Capacity The OptiX OSN 9500 uses different types of cross-connect boards. Hence, the slot access capacity is different from each other. Before configuring the cross-connect boards and housing them in the equipment, you must confirm the cross-connect boards used in the equipment.
2.2.1 Cross-Connect Capacity

The OptiX OSN 9500 provides large capacity to cross-connect services of multiple granularities. The OptiX OSN 9500 can cross-connect multiple higher order and lower order services in a nonblocking manner, depending on the types of the used cross-connect boards.
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In the case of the GXCH board, the OptiX OSN 9500 can cross-connect 2560 x 2560 VC-4 higher order services. In the case of the EXCH board, the OptiX OSN 9500 can cross-connect 4608 x 4608 VC-4 higher order services. In the case of the GXCL board, the OptiX OSN 9500 can cross-connect 16128 x 16128 VC-12 (or 768 x 768 VC-3) lower order services. In the case of the EXCL board, the OptiX OSN 9500 can cross-connect 32256 x 32256 VC-12 (1536 x 1536 VC-3) lower order services.
In addition, the OptiX OSN 9500 supports flexible service grooming of VC-12, VC-3, or hybrid granularities.
NOTE
To configure and groom lower order services, the OptiX 9500 must be configured with lower order crossconnect boards. When the EXCL board is used, the OptiX OSN 9500 can be configured with two 40 Gbit/ s lower order cross-connect protection groups. In each protection group, six VC-4s are used for connecting the two lower order cross-connect protection groups.
2.2.2 Slot Access Capacity

The OptiX OSN 9500 uses different types of cross-connect boards. Hence, the slot access capacity is different from each other. Before configuring the cross-connect boards and housing them in the equipment, you must confirm the cross-connect boards used in the equipment.
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Table 2-1 lists the slot access capacity when the EXCH board of 720 Gbit/s cross-connect capacity is used. Table 2-1 Slot access capacity (720 Gbit/s) Valid Slot IU01IU32 IU33IU40 Access Capacity 20 Gbit/s 10 Gbit/s
Table 2-2 lists the slot access capacity when the GXCH board of 400 Gbit/s cross-connect capacity is used. Table 2-2 Slot access capacity (400 Gbit/s) Valid Slot IU03IU14 and IU19IU30 IU01IU02, IU15IU18, IU31IU32, and IU33IU40 Access Capacity 20 Gbit/s 10 Gbit/s
NOTE
When the GXCH board is used, the access capacity supported by each slot is shown in Table 2-2. The actual access capacity of the GXCH board is 400 Gbit/s. Thus, in application, proper slots should be used together to meet the requirements.
2.3 Service Type

This topic describes the service type and service access capability of the OptiX OSN 9500. 2.3.1 Service Type The OptiX OSN 9500 can process the SDH, PDH, and Ethernet services. 2.3.2 Service Access Capability The maximum capacity of a network composed of the OptiX OSN 9500 depends on the transmission rate of the network, network topology, and protection schemes. The network topology and protection schemes determine the network bandwidth utilization ratio.
2.3.1 Service Type

The OptiX OSN 9500 can process the SDH, PDH, and Ethernet services. The services supported by the OptiX OSN 9500 are as follows:
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Table 2-3 Services supported by the OptiX OSN 9500 Service Type SDH Service Description
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SDH standard services: STM-1/STM-4/STM-16/STM-64 SDH standard concatenation services: VC-4-4c/VC-4-16c/VC-4-64c SDH services with the FEC function: 10.709 Gbit/s
NOTE If a lower order service cannot be added due to insufficient concatenation bandwidth, the user can change the current lower order service configuration to a lower order cross-connect group. Hence, a minimal concatenation bandwidth is used.
When the EXCL cross-connect board is used, two lower order crossconnect protection groups can be configured.
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A maximum of two 40 Gbit/s lower order cross-connect protection groups are supported. In each protection group, six VC-4s are used for connecting the two lower order cross-connect protection groups. Adding a lower order cross-connect protection group does not affect the current lower order service configuration. After the two 40 Gbit/s lower order cross-connect protection groups are configured, the lower order cross-connect protection groups can be deleted. Before deleting a lower order cross-connect protection group, the user needs to migrate the services in the lower order cross-connect protection group to the other lower order cross-connect protection group.
PDH Service Ethernet Service
Supports the transmitting of the SDH services with PDH services to groom the PDH services.
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EPL (Ethernet Private Line) EVPL (Ethernet Virtual Private Line) EPLAN (Ethernet Private LAN) EVPLAN (Ethernet Virtual Private LAN)
The OptiX OSN 9500 supports passing lower order services through higher order cross-connect boards. In this case, pay attention to the following points:
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A lower order service automatically disables the higher order pass-through function if the lower order service whose higher order pass-through function is enabled no longer meets the higher order pass-through conditions after a new lower order service is configured or a linear MSP group is added. When the higher order pass-through function is disabled, the lower order service is interrupted for less than 50 ms. If the current available lower order service capacity does not meet the relevant requirement, the higher order pass-through function cannot be disabled. The higher order pass-through function can be configured in the following cases only:
The source lower order path number of the lower order service is the same as the sink lower order path number of the lower order service. A non-broadcast lower order service is available. A non-convergency lower order service is available.
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A non-lower order SNCP service is available.
When the higher order pass-through function is enabled, the lower order service is interrupted for less than 50 ms.
2.3.2 Service Access Capability

The maximum capacity of a network composed of the OptiX OSN 9500 depends on the transmission rate of the network, network topology, and protection schemes. The network topology and protection schemes determine the network bandwidth utilization ratio. The processing capability of the cross-connect matrix and the capacity of each interface unit (IU) jointly determine the access capacity of a single OptiX OSN 9500 NE. Table 2-4 lists the maximum access capability of a single OptiX OSN 9500 subrack. Table 2-4 Maximum access capability of a single OptiX OSN 9500 subrack Rate STM-64 STM-16 STM-4 STM-1(O) STM-1(E) GE 10GE Max. Number 72 288 512 512 224 560 24
CAUTION
Table 2-4 lists the maximum access capability for the condition wherein services are accessed at one rate. For actual networking, configure STM-64, STM-16, STM-4, STM-1, or hybrid services. The overall access capacity, however, should not exceed the maximum cross-connect capacity of the equipment. In addition to the preceding higher order services, the OptiX OSN 9500 can groom lower order services. Up to two 40 Gbit/s lower order cross-connect protection groups can be configured. In each protection group, six VC-4s are used for connecting the two lower order cross-connect protection groups.
2.4 Interface
This topic describes the service interface, administration and auxiliary interface of the OptiX OSN 9500. 2.4.1 Service Interface
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The OptiX OSN 9500 provides multiple types of service interfaces, including SDH service interfaces and Ethernet data interfaces. 2.4.2 Administration and Auxiliary Interface In addition to the service interfaces, the OptiX OSN 9500 provides multiple types of auxiliary interfaces, synchronous clock interfaces, and power access interfaces.
2.4.1 Service Interface

The OptiX OSN 9500 provides multiple types of service interfaces, including SDH service interfaces and Ethernet data interfaces.
SDH Service Interface

The OptiX OSN 9500 provides multiple types of SDH service interfaces, such as the STM-1, STM-4, STM-16 and STM-64 optical interfaces, and the STM-1 electrical interfaces.
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STM-64 optical interface: The STM-64 optical interfaces can be of the I-64.1, S-64.2b, Le-64.2, Ls-64.2, L-64.2b, V-64.2b, Ue-64.2c, Ue-64.2d, and 100 Gbit/s EA types. STM-16 optical interface: The STM-16 optical interfaces can be of the I-16, S-16.1, L-16.1, L-16.2, L-16.2(je), V-16.2(je), U-16.2(je), and 170, 640.a types. STM-4 optical interface: The STM-4 optical interfaces can be of the S-4.1 and L-4.1 types. STM-1 optical interface: The STM-1 optical interfaces can be of the S-1.1 and L-1.1 types. STM-1 electrical interface: The 75-ohm SMB electrical interface.
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Ethernet Data Interface

The Ethernet data interfaces provided by the OptiX OSN 9500 include the 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-EX, 1000BASE-ZX, 1000BASE-T, 10GBASE-LR and 10GBASE-ER interfaces.
2.4.2 Administration and Auxiliary Interface

In addition to the service interfaces, the OptiX OSN 9500 provides multiple types of auxiliary interfaces, synchronous clock interfaces, and power access interfaces.
Auxiliary Interface
The OptiX OSN 9500 provides the following auxiliary interfaces for users.
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One two-wire simulation phone interface, which provides orderwire communication for the regeneration section (RS) and multiplex section (MS). Two two-wire phone network-network interfaces, which are used for orderwire communication between two networks that are not connected to each other by fibers. One 64 kbit/s F1 data interface, which complies with ITU-T G.703. Four asynchronous RS-232/RS-242 data interfaces, which are defined by users. Two 100M Ethernet commissioning interfaces and one 100M Ethernet network management interface. For the two networks that are not connected with fibers, connect the Ethernet network management interfaces of each network to a router to establish the inter-network DCC communication. One commissioning serial port.
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16 alarm input interfaces (DB50), four alarm output interfaces (DB9), and one alarm concatenation interface (DB9).
Synchronous Clock Interface

The OptiX OSN 9500 provides external clock input and output interfaces that comply with ITUT G.703.
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Two 2048 kHz or 2048 kbit/s clock input interfaces Two 2048 kHz or 2048 kbit/s clock output interfaces
All clock interfaces are of 75 ohms. If a conversion cable is used, 120-ohm clock interfaces are available.
Power Access Interface

The OptiX OSN 9500 provides the distributed power access interfaces to access two channels of separate 48 V or 60 V power. The two channels of access power are of 1+1 hot backup. In addition, the OptiX OSN 9500 provides two interfaces to supply power for a hub, which realizes the 1+1 protection.
2.5 Networking
This topic describes the NEs and network topologies of the OptiX OSN 9500. As optical core switching (OCS) equipment, the OptiX OSN 9500 can be used as a terminal multiplexer (TM), add/drop multiplexer (ADM), or multiple add/drop multiplexer (MADM) NE. The OptiX OSN 9500 can form a network flexibly, because it supports various topologies, such as the chain, ring, tangent rings, intersecting rings, ring with chain, dual node interconnection (DNI), hub, or mesh. Among these topologies, the mesh topology can effectively increase the bandwidth utilization rate.
2.6 Protection
This topic describes the equipment-level protection and network-level protection of the OptiX OSN 9500. The OptiX OSN 9500 provides a complete mechanism for equipment-level protection and network-level protection. 2.6.1 Equipment-Level Protection The OptiX OSN 9500 provides reliable protection schemes at the equipment level for the key boards and the power module. 2.6.2 Network-Level Protection The OptiX OSN 9500 provides multiple protection schemes at the network level, such as linear multiplex section protection (MSP), MSP ring, and subnetwork connection protection (SNCP).
2.6.1 Equipment-Level Protection

The OptiX OSN 9500 provides reliable protection schemes at the equipment level for the key boards and the power module.
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The OptiX OSN 9500 provides the following protection schemes at the equipment level.
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1+1 hot backup for cross-connect boards 1+1 hot backup for clock boards 1+1 warm backup for SCC boards DLAG protection for Ethernet boards 1+1 hot backup for PIU boards Centralized backup for key power modules of boards Mutual backup of two channels of 48 V or 60 V DC working power supplies
NOTE
The 1+1 hot backup of the cross-connect boards is classified into the 1+1 hot backup of higher order crossconnect boards and the 1+1 hot backup of lower order cross-connect boards. When the EXCL board is used, the OptiX OSN 9500 supports two 40 Gbit/s lower order cross-connect protection groups. In each protection group, six VC-4s are used for connecting the two lower order crossconnect protection groups.
2.6.2 Network-Level Protection

The OptiX OSN 9500 provides multiple protection schemes at the network level, such as linear multiplex section protection (MSP), MSP ring, and subnetwork connection protection (SNCP). The OptiX OSN 9500 provides self-healing schemes at the network level.
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1+1 or 1:N (N14) linear MSP Two-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring, two-fiber unidirectional MS dedicated ring, four-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring, and transoceanic MSP ring SNCP and subnetwork connection tunnel protection (SNCTP) Mesh networking and rerouting protection
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2.7 Clock
This topic describes the clock performance and feature of the OptiX OSN 9500. The timing system of the OptiX OSN 9500 provides the function of managing the synchronization status messaging (SSM). The timing system provides complete synchronous clock management functions and protection switching functions. Excellent clock synchronization performance helps enhance reliability of network operation. The timing system can work in the locked mode, holdover mode or free-run mode. When the timing system works in locked mode, any of the line clock sources or external clock sources can be used as the reference clock source. The selection of clocks of different priorities and the usage of the S1 byte ensure the reliability of the network timing system. The ASON network not only supports the traditional clock locked mode, but also supports the ASON clock locked mode. The OptiX OSN 9500 uses the crystal of high precision as the internal oscillator, the technical specifications of which comply with ITU-T G.813.
2.8 ASON Features

This topic describes the ASON feature of the OptiX OSN 9500.

NOTE
2 Functions
The ASON software can be bundled with or separated from the OptiX OSN 9500 equipment according to the requirements of the customer. If the ASON software is not installed in the OptiX OSN 9500, skip this section.
The OptiX OSN 9500 is an intelligent optical switching system that provides a stand-alone ASON software system. The ASON software system can be used to allocate bandwidth dynamically and to realize intelligent service routing and configuration functions. This software system can be easily and flexibly used. In addition, this software system can help increase the network bandwidth utilization ratio. The ASON provides the following functions:
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Supports automatic end-to-end service configuration. Supports the SLA. Supports the UNI services. Provides the optical virtual private network (OVPN) technology. Provides traffic engineering control to equalize traffic in the entire network and improve bandwidth utilization. Provides distributed mesh networking protection and provide protection for services with real-time rerouting. Supports sectional and end-to-end protection and enhance the network scalability.
2.9 Integration
The equipment integrates multiple functions. A single subrack can groom a maximum of 720 Gbit/s higher order and 80 Gbit/s lower order services. The equipment provides 40 service slots, which may not house the optical amplifier board and dispersion compensation board. In this manner, all the service slots can be used. The equipment can access SDH signals at the STM-64, STM-16, STM-4, or STM-1 rate. The equipment also accesses GE and 10GE signals. In addition, the equipment supports VC-4-64c, VC-4-16c, and VC-4-4c concatenation services. The equipment provides the following line boards and interface boards.
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1 x STM-64 (outband FEC) line boards 1 or 2 x STM-64 line boards 1/2/4/8 x STM-16 line boards 1 x STM-16 long-haul line boards 4 x STM-4 line boards 16 x STM-4/STM-1 line boards 16 x STM-1 line boards with optical interfaces or electrical interfaces 6/8/16 x GE service interface boards 1 x 10GE service interface boards
The high integration increases the access capability of the OptiX OSN 9500.
2 Functions
2.10 Operation and Maintenance

The OptiX OSN 9500 supports the operation, administration, and maintenance functions. In addition, the T2000 can be used to operate, maintain and manage the equipment in the entire network. The cabinet, boards, and functions of the OptiX OSN 9500 are designed according to the customer requirements to facilitate the operation and maintenance of the equipment. Hence, the OptiX OSN 9500 provides the powerful equipment maintenance capability for customers. The OptiX OSN 9500 supports the following operation, administration, and maintenance capabilities:
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Alarm and performance management ALS function Optical power management Multiple maintenance methods Network management Security management
2.10.1 ETH-OAM This topic describes the ETH-OAM function of the OptiX OSN 9500 and the method and process of realizing the function. 2.10.2 Package Loading The software package loading technology of the OptiX OSN 9500 is classified into software package loading and simulation software package loading. 2.10.3 TCM Tandem connection monitor (TCM) is a method used to monitor bit errors. When one VC-4 path passes multiple networks, the TCM function can be enabled to monitor the bit errors that occur on the path of each network segment. 2.10.4 Hot Patch This topic describes the feature and application background of the hot patch technology supported by the OptiX OSN 9500. 2.10.5 Monitoring of the Power Supply and Environment This topic describes the power supply and environment monitoring function of the OptiX OSN 9500. 2.10.6 ECC Processing Capability This topic describes the maximum ECC processing capability of the OptiX OSN 9500. 2.10.7 Network Management System This topic describes the network management system OptiX iManager used by the OptiX OSN 9500. 2.10.8 OAM Information Exchange This topic describes three modes of network management information communication of the OptiX OSN 9500.
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2.10.1 ETH-OAM
This topic describes the ETH-OAM function of the OptiX OSN 9500 and the method and process of realizing the function. With the development of Ethernet services, the equipment maintainability becomes more and more important. When Ethernet is extended to the metropolitan area network (MAN) and the wide area network (WAN), the operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) of the transmission network is a key issue to resolve. However, the present maintenance measures at Ethernet Layer 2 are very limited. This brings the emergence of the Ethernet OAM (ETH-OAM). The ETH-OAM has the following functions:
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Automatic fault discovery Fault location Fault isolation
The Ethernet OAM is realized by using the following methods:

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Loopback (LB) test, which is performed to test the bidirectional connectivity. Link tracing (LT) test, which is performed to locate faults. Connectivity check (CC) test, which is performed to test the unidirectional connectivity. Service loop test, which is performed to test the Ethernet link loop. PING function, which is performed to test the inter-network connectivity. Performance test, which is performed to randomly test the packet loss ratio in the Ethernet link and the transmission hold-off time.
Process of realizing the ETH-OAM: The maintenance endpoint (MEP) initiates the fault detection. When detecting the fault, the maintenance intermediate point (MIP) reports alarms and events, which can be accurately synchronized to the Ethernet trail relevant to the MIP.
2.10.2 Package Loading

The software package loading technology of the OptiX OSN 9500 is classified into software package loading and simulation software package loading.
Software Package Loading

The software package loading is performed to upgrade and manage the NE level software in batches. The NE level software can then be loaded and activated in batches to simplify the upgrade operation for the NE level software. Also, you can check whether the board software versions match when the board is in service. After a board is in service, the board software versions can be automatically updated. The software package loading has the following features:
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Users load the software through a universal operation interface. The software package is stored on the SCC board. The NE software is directly placed in the target directory and the board software is buffered in the CF card. In this way, the board software can be automatically updated after a new board is inserted. If the board software files are lost, these files can be restored from the SCC.
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The NE can be automatically managed. If the board that is newly inserted does not match the software of the NE, automatic update is performed. The software package to be loaded needs to be analyzed and confirmed to ensure that a correct software package is loaded. The software package loading is an incremental scheme and is performed to load the required files only.
The software package loading is applied in the following scenarios:

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Upgrade of software of an NE Replacement of service boards Replacement of the SCC board Replacement of the CF card of an SCC board
Simulation Software Package Loading

When a suit of software needs to be loaded to an NE and the mapping relationship between the NE boards and the software is defined according to the simulation software package, you can improve the loading efficiency by loading a simulation software package. The simulation software package includes the following files:
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All the necessary files to be loaded at an NE The package description files that define the loading attributes of each software type
Loading only the software specified in the description files on the T2000. The simulation software package loading scheme has the following features:
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Simplifies the complicated upgrade operation. Improves the upgrade security. Improves the upgrade efficiency.
2.10.3 TCM
Tandem connection monitor (TCM) is a method used to monitor bit errors. When one VC-4 path passes multiple networks, the TCM function can be enabled to monitor the bit errors that occur on the path of each network segment. The TCM function is supported by the L64E, O16E, Q16E, D16E, L16E, D64E, F64E, and L16L boards.
2.10.4 Hot Patch

This topic describes the feature and application background of the hot patch technology supported by the OptiX OSN 9500. The OptiX OSN 9500 supports the hot patch technology. Some equipment requires long-term uninterrupted operation. When a defect is found in or a new requirement need be applied to the equipment software, a process of replacing old codes with new codes is performed to solve the defect or realize the new requirement, without any service interruption. These new codes are referred to as a hot patch.
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The hot patch technology has the following features:

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The hot patch solves most software problems without affecting services. The hot patch effectively decreases the number of software versions and avoids frequent software version upgrade. The hot patch operation does not affect services and can be performed remotely. The hot patch also provides a rollback function. All these help to lower the upgrade cost and to avoid upgrade risks. The hot patch can be used as an effective method of locating faults, and thus improves the efficiency of solving problems.
2.10.5 Monitoring of the Power Supply and Environment

This topic describes the power supply and environment monitoring function of the OptiX OSN 9500. The OptiX OSN 9500 adopts the distributed power supply scheme to access two separate channels of 40 V or 60 V power. The equipment can monitor buses, power supply voltage and environment temperature. In this way, the reliable performance is ensured. The equipment also has the function to back up the key power supply of boards. With this function, the equipment backs up the power supply modules of the line boards, JCOM, JEOW and optical booster amplifier boards in a centralized manner.
2.10.6 ECC Processing Capability

This topic describes the maximum ECC processing capability of the OptiX OSN 9500. The OptiX OSN 9500 uses a powerful central processing unit (CPU). Based on the advanced system bus structure, the OptiX OSN 9500 can process a maximum of 288 channels of ECC information. This capability can meet related requirements of a complex network.
2.10.7 Network Management System

This topic describes the network management system OptiX iManager used by the OptiX OSN 9500. The OptiX iManager T2000 is a network management system (NMS) based on the Windows NT and UNIX operating systems. The T2000 can perform operation, administration, maintenance and Provision (OAM&P) for a complex network composed of the OptiX OSN 9500 and other OptiX transmission equipment. The T2000 can also realize configuration and grooming of trails to ensure the network security.
2.10.8 OAM Information Exchange

This topic describes three modes of network management information communication of the OptiX OSN 9500. Any of the following three methods can be adopted for the OptiX OSN 9500 to transparently transmit the operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) information of third-party equipment, or for the third-party equipment to transparently transmit the OAM information of the OptiX OSN 9500.
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HWECC IP over DCC

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2 Functions
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OSI over DCC
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3 Hardware Architecture
3
About This Chapter
Hardware Architecture
This chapter describes the hardware and its functional units of the OptiX OSN 9500. 3.1 Overview This topic describes the hardware structure of the OptiX OSN 9500. 3.2 Cabinet This topic describes the appearance of and technical specifications for the OptiX OSN 9500. 3.3 Subrack This topic describes the appearance, slots and technical parameters of the OptiX OSN 9500 subrack. 3.4 Boards This topic describes board types, interfaces and board functional units of the OptiX OSN 9500.
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3.1 Overview
This topic describes the hardware structure of the OptiX OSN 9500. The OptiX OSN 9500 consists of the following parts:
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Cabinet, which contains the DC power distribution unit (PDU), front door, rear door and side panel. The DC PDU mainly access and distributes power. Subrack, which contains the fan tray assemblies, boards, air filter and cabling troughs. The fan tray assemblies are used to dissipate head generated by the equipment. Each subrack should be configured with two fan tray assemblies. Cables, which contain fibers, packages of internal cables and external cables. Other optional components, which contain the orderwire phone, hub accessories, and bracket for cabinet installation.
l l
Figure 3-1 Overall appearance of the OptiX OSN 9500

2 3 1
1. Cabinet door 4. Fan tray assembly
2. Cabinet indicator 5. Subrack
3. DC PDU
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3.2 Cabinet
This topic describes the appearance of and technical specifications for the OptiX OSN 9500. The cabinet housing the OptiX OSN 9500 complies with the ETS 300 119 standards. The OptiX OSN 9500 can be installed in the 2000 mm, 2200 mm, or 2600 mm ETSI cabinet, according to the requirements. The equipment can be installed in two types of cabinets: T66 and N66T. The cabinet uses front and rear columns. Both the front door and rear door can be opened on one side. Figure 3-2 shows the appearance of the T66 cabinet. Figure 3-3 shows the appearance of the N66T cabinet. Figure 3-2 Appearance of the T66 cabinet housing the OptiX OSN 9500
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Figure 3-3 Appearance of the N66T cabinet housing the OptiX OSN 9500
NOTE
The structure of the T66 cabinet is the same as the structure of the N66T cabinet, except for the doors.
Table 3-1 lists the technical specifications of the T66 cabinet. Table 3-1 Technical specifications of the T66 cabinet Dimensions (mm) 600 (W) x 600 (D) x 2000 (H) 600 (W) x 600 (D) x 2200 (H) 600 (W) x 600 (D) x 2600 (H) Weight (kg) 79 84 94
Table 3-2 lists the technical specifications of the N66T cabinet.
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Table 3-2 Technical specifications of the N66T cabinet Dimensions (mm) 600 (W) x 600 (D) x 2000 (H) 600 (W) x 600 (D) x 2200 (H) Weight (kg) 71 76
3.3 Subrack
This topic describes the appearance, slots and technical parameters of the OptiX OSN 9500 subrack. 3.3.1 Subrack Structure The OptiX OSN 9500 subrack is divided into the upper part and the lower part. The OptiX OSN 9500 also contains the front and rear slot areas. There are 32 slots in the front slot area and 26 slots in the rear slot area. The external interfaces of the subrack are available on the front panel. 3.3.2 Slot Layout The OptiX OSN 9500 subrack contains the front slot area and rear slot area, which provide 58 slots. In the front slot area, 32 slots are available for the service boards. In the rear slot area, slots IU33 to IU40 house service boards, and the other slots house special boards such as the SCC boards, cross-connect boards, power boards, and auxiliary boards. 3.3.3 Boards and Their Valid Slots The mapping relationship between the boards and slots is different when different higher order cross-connect boards are used.
3.3.1 Subrack Structure

The OptiX OSN 9500 subrack is divided into the upper part and the lower part. The OptiX OSN 9500 also contains the front and rear slot areas. There are 32 slots in the front slot area and 26 slots in the rear slot area. The external interfaces of the subrack are available on the front panel. The dimensions of the OptiX OSN 9500 subrack are 530 mm (W) x 587 mm (D) x 900 mm (H). The weight of an idle single subrack is 35 kg. The subrack is divided into the upper layer and the lower layer. Boards can be housed in the front or rear slot area of each layer. The front slot area has 32 slots and the rear slot area has 26 slots. The entire subrack provides 58 slots. The external interfaces of the subrack are present on the front panels of the boards. Figure 3-4 shows the overall structure of the OptiX OSN 9500 subrack.
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Figure 3-4 Overall structure of the OptiX OSN 9500 subrack
3 4 2 5 6 1 1 2
Front view
Rear view
1. Handle 4. System backplane
2. Mounting ear 5. Shelf
3. Fan tray assembly 6. Cabling area
The backplane in the subrack supplies power to the fan tray assemblies, which are inserted in the subrack. A single subrack should be configured with two fan tray assemblies. Table 3-3 and Table 3-4 list the technical specifications of the OptiX OSN 9500 subrack and fan tray assembly respectively. Table 3-3 Technical specifications of the OptiX OSN 9500 subrack Dimensions (mm) 530 (W) x 587 (D) x 900 (H) Weight (kg) 35
Table 3-4 Technical specifications of the fan tray assembly Dimensions (mm) 494 (W) x 249 (D) x 64.5 (H) Weight (kg) 4.1
3.3.2 Slot Layout

The OptiX OSN 9500 subrack contains the front slot area and rear slot area, which provide 58 slots. In the front slot area, 32 slots are available for the service boards. In the rear slot area, slots IU33 to IU40 house service boards, and the other slots house special boards such as the SCC boards, cross-connect boards, power boards, and auxiliary boards.
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Front Slot Area

The front slot area of the subrack houses the service boards. The front slot area of the subrack has 32 IU slots (IU01IU32). The front slot area of the upper layer and the front slot area of the lower layer can house 16 boards each. Figure 3-5 shows the slot allocation of the front slot area of the subrack. Figure 3-5 Slot allocation of the front slot area of the subrack
I U 0 1
I U 0 2
I U 0 3
I U 0 4
I U 0 5
I U 0 6
I U 0 7
I U 0 8
I U 0 9
I U 1 0
I U 1 1
I U 1 2
I U 1 3
I U 1 4
I U 1 5
I U 1 6
0 1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 6
0 7
0 8
0 9
1 0
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
I U 1 7
I U 1 8
I U 1 9
I U 2 0
I U 2 1
I U 2 2
I U 2 3
I U 2 4
I U 2 5
I U 2 6
I U 2 7
I U 2 8
I U 2 9
I U 3 0
I U 3 1
I U 3 2
1 7
1 8
1 9
2 0
2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4
2 5
2 6
2 7
2 8
2 9
3 0
3 1
3 2
Front slot area
Rear Slot Area

The rear slot area of the subrack has the following 26 slots.
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Eight slots for the IUs (IU33IU40) One slot for the key power backup unit (PBU) One slot for the engineering orderwire (EOW) Two slots for the system control & communication unit (SCC) Four slots for the higher order cross-connect (XCH) board One slot for the STI One slot for the electromechanical information processing (EPU) Two slots for the power interface unit (PIU) One slot for the dispersion compensate unit (DCU) One slot for the communication (COM) board Two slots for the synchronous timing generator (STG) Two slots reserved for SIG
Figure 3-6 shows the slot allocation of the rear slot area of the subrack.
Figure 3-6 Slot allocation of the rear slot area of the subrack
P B U
E S O C W C
S C C
I U 3 3
I U 3 4
X C H
X C H
I U 3 5
I U 3 6
S T I
E P U
P I U
55
51
47
48 33
34
41
42
35
36
58
52
56
D C U
S I G
S I G
I C U O 3 M 7
I U 3 8
X C H
X C H
I U 3 9
I U 4 0
S T G
S T G
P I U
53
49 50
54
37
38
43
44
39
40
45
46
57
Rear slot area
CAUTION
The rules for naming slots are as follows.
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In the case of the front slot area shown inFigure 3-5, the slots are numbered 1 to 32 from the left to right and from the upper layer to the lower layer. In the case of the rear slot area shown inFigure 3-6, the slots are numbered 33 to 58. For example, the slots for cross-connect boards are slots 4144.
Slot Layout
Table 3-5 lists the details about the slot layout. Table 3-5 Slot layout Slot Area Front slot area Rear slot area Slot Silk Screen IU(01)IU(32) IU(33)IU(40) No. 132 3340 Numbe r 32 8 Remarks House service boards of 20 Gbit/s access capacity or less. House service boards of 10 Gbit/s access capacity or less.
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Slot Area
Slot Silk Screen XCH(41), XCH (42), XCH(43), XCH(44)
No. 41, 42, 43, 44
Numbe r 4
Remarks Slots 41 and 42 support hot backup. Slots 43 and 44 support hot backup. The cross-connect boards at the upper layer are independent from the crossconnect boards at the lower layer in active/standby switching. Be of mutual hot backup. Be of warm backup. Reserved slots, which can house the JBPA, JBA2, or JDCU. Be of hot backup.
STG(45), STG (46) SCC(47), SCC (48) SIG(49), SIG (50) EOW(51) EPU(52) DCU(53) COM(54) PBU(55) PIU(56), PIU (57) STI(58)
45, 46 47, 48 49, 50 51 52 53 54 55 56, 57 58
2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
3.3.3 Boards and Their Valid Slots

The mapping relationship between the boards and slots is different when different higher order cross-connect boards are used. Table 3-6 lists the boards and their valid slots when the EXCH of 720 Gbit/s cross-connect capacity is used. Table 3-6 Boards and their valid slots (720 Gbit/s) Board D64E/D64D L64E/JL64 F64E/F64D O16E/O16D Q16E/JQ16
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Valid Slot IU01IU32 IU01IU40 IU01IU40 IU01IU32 IU01IU40
Board GXCL EXCL JSCC ESCC JSTG
Valid Slot IU01IU32 IU01IU32 SCC SCC STG

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Board D16E/JD16 L16E/JL16 L16L/L16V JH41 JLQ4 JLH1 JLHE EGT6 GE06 EGS8 EAS1 EGTH
Valid Slot IU01IU40 IU01IU40 IU01IU40 IU01IU32 IU01IU32 IU01IU32 IU18IU31 IU01IU32 IU01IU32 IU02IU15, IU18IU31
a
Board JSTI JEOW JCOM JPIU EMPU JPBU JFAN JDCU JBPA JBA2 EGT6A JAFB
Valid Slot STI EOW COM PIU EPU PBU FAN IU01IU40/DCU/STI/EOW/SIG IU01IU40/DCU/STI/EOW/SIG IU01IU40/DCU/STI/EOW/SIG IU01IU40
IU02IU15, IU18IU31
a
IU01IU32
a: In the case of the JSCC board, the total number of EGS8 and EAS1 board is eight. In the case of the ESCC board, the total number of EGS8 and EAS1 board is 24.
Table 3-7 lists the boards and their valid slots when the GXCH of 400 Gbit/s cross-connect capacity is used. Table 3-7 Boards and their valid slots (400 Gbit/s) Board D64E/D64D L64E/JL64 F64E/F64D O16E/O16D Q16E/JQ16 D16E/JD16 L16E/JL16 L16L/L16V JH41 JLQ4
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Valid Slot IU03IU14, IU19IU30 IU01IU40 IU01IU40 IU03IU14, IU19IU30 IU01IU40 IU01IU40 IU01IU40 IU01IU40 IU01IU32 IU01IU32
Board GXCL EXCL JSCC ESCC JSTG JSTI JEOW JCOM JPIU EMPU
Valid Slot IU03IU14, IU19IU30 IU03IU14, IU19IU30 SCC SCC STG STI EOW COM PIU EPU
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Board JLH1 JLHE EGT6 GE06 EGS8 EAS1 EGTH
Valid Slot IU01IU32 IU18IU31 IU01IU32 IU01IU32 IU02IU15, IU18IU31

a
Board JPBU JFAN JDCU JBPA JBA2 EGT6A JAFB
Valid Slot PBU FAN IU01IU40/DCU/STI/EOW/SIG IU01IU40/DCU/STI/EOW/SIG IU01IU40/DCU/STI/EOW/SIG IU01IU40
IU02IU15, IU18IU31
a
IU03IU14 IU19IU30
a: In the case of the JSCC board, the total number of EGS8 and EAS1 board is eight. In the case of the ESCC board, the total number of EGS8 and EAS1 board is 24.
3.4 Boards
This topic describes board types, interfaces and board functional units of the OptiX OSN 9500. 3.4.1 Board Types The OptiX OSN 9500 provides multiple types of boards, mainly the SDH boards, Ethernet service boards, cross-connect and SCC boards, and various auxiliary boards. 3.4.2 SDH Interface Unit The OptiX OSN 9500 provides multiple types of SDH interfaces. The interface type determines the access capacity. 3.4.3 Ethernet Processing Unit The OptiX OSN 9500 provides 6xGE and 16xGE transparent transmission boards, 8xGE Ethernet Layer 2 switching boards, and 1x10GE Ethernet Layer 2 switching boards. 3.4.4 Cross-Connect Unit The OptiX OSN 9500 provides the higher order and lower order cross-connect boards to flexibly groom VC-4, VC-3, and VC-12 services. 3.4.5 System Control and Communication Unit The ESCC and JSCC are system control and communication (SCC) boards for the OptiX OSN 9500 system. The SCC boards are used to perform communication and management over the system. The SCC boards also provide interfaces between the equipment and the NMS. In addition, the ESCC and JSCC provide new functions to process the ASON protocols and signaling. The ASON protocols are the route searching protocols required for dynamic ASON grooming, such as the generalized mutli-protocol label switching (GMPLS) protocol. 3.4.6 Clock Processing Unit The clock unit of the OptiX OSN 9500 consists of the JSTG and JSTI to input, output, and process the clock signals. 3.4.7 Orderwire Unit
The JEOW is responsible for the orderwire function of the OptiX OSN 9500. 3.4.8 System Communication Unit The JCOM is a system communication unit. The JCOM reports the state information of each board to the SCC board. The JCOM also issues the control command from the SCC board to each board. In addition, the JCOM supports monitoring the performance of the maintenance buses and protecting the maintenance buses. 3.4.9 Power Interface Unit The power interface unit uses two JPIU boards to access two channels of DC power supplies, which support mutual backup. The power interface unit also provides electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter and protection for the DC power interfaces. In addition, the power interface unit provides stable voltage for the fan tray assemblies and outputs power supplies to the hub. 3.4.10 Electromechanical Information Processing Unit The electromechanical information processing unit consists of the EMPU board and the MBUS modules of boards. This unit is used to monitor the electric and mechanical information of the OptiX OSN 9500 subrack. 3.4.11 Key Power Backup Unit As a system power backup board, the JPBU provides backup power for boards without boardlevel backup and for MBUS modules of boards. 3.4.12 Dispersion Compensation Unit In the case of the OptiX OSN 9500, the JDCU is used to compensate dispersion. Dispersion compensation is required for long-distance transmission on the line side. When the transmission distance of an STM-64 optical interface exceeds 80 km, the dispersion of the optical signals should be compensated. 3.4.13 Optical Amplifier Unit According to the system requirements, the preamplifier board or booster amplifier board can be configured. The optical amplifier unit contains the optical booster amplifier board (JBA2) and optical preamplifier board (JBPA).
3.4.1 Board Types

The OptiX OSN 9500 provides multiple types of boards, mainly the SDH boards, Ethernet service boards, cross-connect and SCC boards, and various auxiliary boards. Table 3-8 lists boards used for the OptiX OSN 9500. For details, see the OptiX OSN 9500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Hardware Description. Table 3-8 Boards Unit SDH interface unit Board D64E/D64D L64E/JL64 F64E /F64D O16E/O16D Q16E/JQ16 Full Name 2 x STM-64 optical interface board 1 x STM-64 optical interface board 1 x STM-64 (outband FEC) optical interface board 8 x STM-16 optical interface board 4 x STM-16 optical interface board
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Unit
Board D16E/JD16 L16E/JL16 L16L/L16V JLQ4 JH41 JLH1 JLHE
Full Name 2 x STM-16 optical interface board 1 x STM-16 optical interface board 1 x STM-16 long-haul optical interface board 4 x STM-4 optical interface board 16 x STM-4/STM-1 optical interface board 16 x STM-1 optical interface board 16 x STM-1 electrical interface board 6 x GE Ethernet transparent transmission board 6 x GE Ethernet transparent transmission board 16 x GE Ethernet transparent transmission board 8 x GE Ethernet switching board 1 x 10GE Ethernet switching board General higher order cross-connect board Enhanced higher order cross-connect board General lower order cross-connect board Enhanced lower order cross-connect board General SCC Enhanced SCC Clock processing board Clock interface board Orderwire board System communication board Power interface unit Electromechanical information processing board
Ethernet processing unit
EGT6/ EGT6A GE06 EGTH EGS8 EAS1
Cross-connect unit
GXCH EXCH GXCL EXCL
SCC unit
JSCC ESCC
Clock processing unit Orderwire unit System communication unit Power interface unit Electromechanical information processing unit Key power backup unit Fan control unit
JSTG JSTI JEOW JCOM JPIU EMPU
JPBU JFAN
Key power backup board Fan control unit
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Unit Dispersion compensation unit Optical amplifier unit System backplane
Board JDCU JBPA JBA2 JAFB
Full Name Dispersion compensation board Optical preamplifier board Optical booster amplifier board System backplane
Figure 3-7 shows the relations among the boards used for the OptiX OSN 9500. Figure 3-7 Inter-board relations
Working power input HUB power output External alarm input/output
JPIU JPIU System working power
EMPU System environment monitoring
JPBU Key power backup
STM-64 & STM-16
JBPA/ JBA2
STM-64/ STM-16 board
STM-64 & STM-16
STM-64 & STM-16
JDCU
EXCH/ GXCH STM-1( e) JLHE GXCL/ EXCL
EXCH/GXCH
STM-4/ STM-1 board
STM-4 & STM-1
GE
EGT6/ GE06
JEOW
System orderwire
System clock External clock input/output interface
Inter-board communication
System communication control JSCC JSCC System management system
JSTI
JSTG JSTG
JCOM
JSCC
Active/standby
CAUTION
The JDCU is related only to the line boards connected to it and compensates dispersion for the optical interfaces connected to it.
3.4.2 SDH Interface Unit

The OptiX OSN 9500 provides multiple types of SDH interfaces. The interface type determines the access capacity.
The OptiX OSN 9500 provides SDH interfaces such as STM-64, STM-16, STM-4 and STM-1 optical interfaces, and STM-1 electrical interfaces. Table 3-9 lists the boards of different rates and their specifications. In addition, the OptiX OSN 9500 provides the STM-64 colored optical interface (100 Gbit/s EA) and STM-16 colored optical interfaces (170 and 640a). STM-64 synchronous optical interface unit
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The D64E/D64D can access 2 x STM-64 optical signals. The L64E/JL64 can access 1 x STM-64 optical signals. The F64E/F64D can access 1 x STM-64 (outband FEC) optical signals.
STM-16 interface unit

l l l l l
The O16E/O16D can access 8 x STM-16 optical signals. The Q16E/JQ16 can access 4 x STM-16 optical signals. The D16E/JD16 can access 2 x STM-16 optical signals. The L16E/JL16 can access 1 x STM-16 optical signals. The L16L/L16V can access 1 x STM-16 long-haul optical signals.
STM-4/STM-1 interface unit

l l l l
The JH41 can access 16 x STM-4 or 16 x STM-1 optical signals. The JLQ4 can access 4 x STM-4 optical signals. The JLH1 can access 16 x STM-1 optical signals. The JLHE can access 16 x STM-1 electrical signals.
Table 3-9 SDH interface unit Level STM-64 optical interface unit Board D64E/ D64D L64E JL64 F64E/ F64D STM-16 optical interface unit O16E/ O16D Q16E/ JQ16 D16E/ JD16 L16E/JL16 L16L/ L16V
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Interface Type I-64.1, S-64.2b S-64.2b, Le-64.2, Ls-64.2, L-64.2b, V-64.2b S-64.2b, Le-64.2, L-64.2b, V-64.2b Ue-64.2c, Ue-64.2d, 100 Gbit/s EA I-16, S-16.1, L-16.1, L-16.2 I-16, S-16.1, L-16.1, L-16.2 I-16, S-16.1, L-16.1, L-16.2 I-16, S-16.1, L-16.1, L-16.2 L-16.2(je), V-16.2(je), U-16.2(je), 170, 640.a
Access Capacity 20 Gbit/s 10 Gbit/s 10 Gbit/s 10 Gbit/s 20 Gbit/s 10 Gbit/s 5 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s
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Level STM-4 optical interface unit STM-1 optical interface unit STM-1 electrical interface unit
Board JLQ4 JH41 JLH1 JLHE
Interface Type L-4.1, S-4.1 S-4.1, L-1.1, S-1.1 L-1.1, S-1.1 SMB
Access Capacity 2.5 Gbit/s Up to 10 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s
Note: Le-64.2, Ls-64.2, Ue-64.2c, Ue-64.2d, L-16.2(je), V-16.2(je), and U-16.2(je) are the corporate standards of Huawei.
3.4.3 Ethernet Processing Unit

The OptiX OSN 9500 provides 6xGE and 16xGE transparent transmission boards, 8xGE Ethernet Layer 2 switching boards, and 1x10GE Ethernet Layer 2 switching boards. Table 3-10 Ethernet processing unit Board EGT6 EGT6A GE06 EGTH EGS8 EAS1 Interface Type 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASEZX 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASEZX, 1000BASE-T 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASEEX, 1000BASE-ZX 10GBASE-LR, 10GBASE-ER Access Capacity 6 Gbit/s 6 Gbit/s 6 Gbit/s 16 Gbit/s 8 Gbit/s 10 Gbit/s
3.4.4 Cross-Connect Unit

The OptiX OSN 9500 provides the higher order and lower order cross-connect boards to flexibly groom VC-4, VC-3, and VC-12 services. The higher cross-connect boards that are available are the GXCH and EXCH, which are used to perform non-blocking cross-connection of VC-4 higher order granularities. A single GXCH board supports 200 Gbit/s cross-connect capacity and one OptiX OSN 9500 subrack supports 400 Gbit/s cross-connect capacity. A single EXCH board supports 360 Gbit/s cross-connect capacity and one OptiX OSN 9500 subrack supports 720 Gbit/s cross-connect capacity. The lower order cross-connect boards that are available are the GXCL and EXCL, which are used to perform VC-3 and VC-12 lower order cross-connection. When the GXCL is used, the
maximum lower order cross-connect capacity is 20 Gbit/s. When the EXCL is used, two 40 Gbit/ s lower order cross-connect protection groups can be configured to provide the cross-connect capacity of 80 Gbit/s. Cross-connect boards support board-level 1+1 protection. The active and standby boards are of hot backup. Table 3-11 Comparison of cross-connect boards for the OptiX OSN 9500 Cross-Connect Board GXCH EXCH GXCL EXCL Cross-Connect Granularity VC-4 VC-4 VC-12 or VC-3 VC-12 or VC-3 Cross-Connect Capacity of a Subrack 2560 x 2560 VC-4 (400 Gbit/s) 4608 x 4608 VC-4 (720 Gbit/s) 8064 x 8064 VC-12 (20 Gbit/s) or 384 x 384 VC-3 32256 x 32256 VC-12 (80 Gbit/s) or 1536 x 1536 VC-3
3.4.5 System Control and Communication Unit

The ESCC and JSCC are system control and communication (SCC) boards for the OptiX OSN 9500 system. The SCC boards are used to perform communication and management over the system. The SCC boards also provide interfaces between the equipment and the NMS. In addition, the ESCC and JSCC provide new functions to process the ASON protocols and signaling. The ASON protocols are the route searching protocols required for dynamic ASON grooming, such as the generalized mutli-protocol label switching (GMPLS) protocol.
NOTE
It is recommended that you configure a maximum of 640 ASON services on the JSCC system board. Otherwise, the ASON rerouting time may be too long. This restriction, however, does not apply to the ESCC board.
The system control function mainly indicates the synchronous equipment management function (SEMF). The SEMF is used to collect status information such as alarms and performance events of boards of the system and to perform management accordingly. The system communication function mainly indicates the message communication function (MCF). The MCF is used for communication between the SCC and each board, and between the SCC and the NMS. The equipment then can use the DCC channels to exchange the OAM information with other NEs. The SEMF and MCF functions help the NMS perform uniform management over the equipment and other NEs on the entire network.
3.4.6 Clock Processing Unit

The clock unit of the OptiX OSN 9500 consists of the JSTG and JSTI to input, output, and process the clock signals. The JSTG provides the system clock for the OptiX OSN 9500 system. When the clock unit works in tracing mode, any of the line or external clock sources can be used as the reference clock source. The selection of clocks of different priorities and usage of the S1 byte ensure the
reliability of the network timing system. The clock unit can also work in the holdover or freerun mode. The JSTG also outputs the external synchronous clock. The JSTI is a clock interface board and provides input and output interfaces for two channels of external clocks.
3.4.7 Orderwire Unit

The JEOW is responsible for the orderwire function of the OptiX OSN 9500. The JEOW processes the phone orderwire and serial port orderwire for the system. The JEOW also provides various maintenance interfaces for the system, such as the RS-232 and voice interfaces.
3.4.8 System Communication Unit

The JCOM is a system communication unit. The JCOM reports the state information of each board to the SCC board. The JCOM also issues the control command from the SCC board to each board. In addition, the JCOM supports monitoring the performance of the maintenance buses and protecting the maintenance buses.
3.4.9 Power Interface Unit

The power interface unit uses two JPIU boards to access two channels of DC power supplies, which support mutual backup. The power interface unit also provides electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter and protection for the DC power interfaces. In addition, the power interface unit provides stable voltage for the fan tray assemblies and outputs power supplies to the hub.
3.4.10 Electromechanical Information Processing Unit

The electromechanical information processing unit consists of the EMPU board and the MBUS modules of boards. This unit is used to monitor the electric and mechanical information of the OptiX OSN 9500 subrack. This unit has the following functions.
l l l l l l
Monitors two stand-alone voltages of the JPIU. Monitors temperature and voltages of boards. Detects and controls the rotating speed of intelligent fans. Controls the cabinet indicators. Provides the audible and visual alarm function. Inputs, outputs, and concatenates alarms.
3.4.11 Key Power Backup Unit

As a system power backup board, the JPBU provides backup power for boards without boardlevel backup and for MBUS modules of boards. The interface boards, JCOM, JEOW, and optical booster amplifier boards are provided with power separately. The power supplies for these boards are of centralized cold backup. If the power supply for any of these boards fails, the JPBU supplies power for this board to ensure
services are not affected. The JPBU can also provide protection against power failure for one board.
3.4.12 Dispersion Compensation Unit

In the case of the OptiX OSN 9500, the JDCU is used to compensate dispersion. Dispersion compensation is required for long-distance transmission on the line side. When the transmission distance of an STM-64 optical interface exceeds 80 km, the dispersion of the optical signals should be compensated.
3.4.13 Optical Amplifier Unit

According to the system requirements, the preamplifier board or booster amplifier board can be configured. The optical amplifier unit contains the optical booster amplifier board (JBA2) and optical preamplifier board (JBPA).
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4 Software Architecture
4
About This Chapter
Software Architecture
4.1 Overview The software system is of a modular design. Each module provides specific functions and works with other modules. 4.2 Communication Protocols The communication interfaces of the system are mainly Qx interfaces. Complete protocol stack and messages of Qx interface are described in ITU-T G.773, Q.811 and Q.812. 4.3 Board Software The board software runs on each board and it manages, monitors and controls the operation of the board. 4.4 NE Software The NE software manages, monitors and controls the boards operations in the NE. In addition, the NE software functions as a communication service unit between the T2000 and the boards, so that the T2000 can control and manage the NE. 4.5 Network Management System The network management system, that is, the OptiX iManager, manages the system in a centralized manner. 4.6 ASON Software According to the ITU-T Recommendations, an automatically switched optical network (ASON) includes three planes: control plane, management plane, and transport plane.
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4.1 Overview
The software system is of a modular design. Each module provides specific functions and works with other modules. The entire software is distributed in three modules including board software, NE software and NM system. The software resides respectively on functional boards, the SCC, and NM computer. Hierarchical structure ensures that it is highly reliable and efficient. Each layer performs specific functions and provides service for the upper layer. The system software architecture is shown in Figure 4-1. In the diagram, all modules are NE software except "Network Management System" and "Board Software". Figure 4-1 Software architecture
Network Management System
High Level Communication Module Real-time multi-task operating system Network side Module Equipment Management Module Communication Module NE software Database Management Module
Board Software
4.2 Communication Protocols

The communication interfaces of the system are mainly Qx interfaces. Complete protocol stack and messages of Qx interface are described in ITU-T G.773, Q.811 and Q.812. Qx interface is mainly used to connect mediation device (MD), Q adaptation (QA) and NE (NE) equipment through local communication network (LCN). At present, QA is provided by NE management layer. MD and operating system (OS) are provided by NM layer. They are connected to each other through Qx interface. According to the Recommendations, Qx interface provided by the system is developed on the basis of TCP/IP connectionless network layer service (CLNS1) protocol stack.
In addition, to support remote access of the NM through Modem, IP layer uses serial line internet protocol (SLIP).
4.3 Board Software

The board software runs on each board and it manages, monitors and controls the operation of the board. It receives the command issued from the NE software and reports the board status to the NE software through performance events and alarm. The specific functions include:
l l l l
Alarm management Performance management Configuration management Communication management
The drive control over functional circuits is board software-specific. The board software realizes under the control of the NE software the ITU-T compliant functions.
4.4 NE Software
The NE software manages, monitors and controls the boards operations in the NE. In addition, the NE software functions as a communication service unit between the T2000 and the boards, so that the T2000 can control and manage the NE. According to ITU-T M.3010, NE software is at unit management layer in telecom management network, performing NE function (NEF), partial mediation function (MF) and OS function at network unit layer. The data communication function (DCF) realizes the communication between the NE and other components (including the coordinating equipment, the network management system, and the other NEs).
l
Real-time multi-task operating system The real-time multitasking function of the NE software realizes the management of public resources to support the application of executable programs. It isolates the application programs from the processor and provides an application program execution environment, which is independent of the processor hardware.
Communication module The communication module is the interface module between NE software and board software. It realizes the communication between the NE software and board software in compliance with the corresponding communication protocol, which serves a purpose of information exchange and equipment maintenance. Through the communication module, boards maintenance and operation commands from the NE software are sent to the boards. On the other hand, the state, alarm and performance events of the boards are reported to the NE software.
Network Side (NS) Module

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The NS module is between the communication module and the equipment management module. It converts the data format between the user operation side (at the application layer) and the NE equipment management layer, and provides security control for the NE layer. Functionally, the NS module is divided into the following three submodules:
l
Qx interface module Command line interface module Security management module
Equipment management module The equipment management module is the core of the NE software for the NE management. It includes administrator and agent. Administrator can send NM operation commands and receive events. Agent can respond to the NM operation commands sent by the administrator, implement the operations of the managed object, and send up events according to the change of status of the managed object.
High-level communication module The high-level communication module provides the message communication function (MCF) between the functional blocks of the transmission network equipment. The module transmits the OAM&P messages through the hardware interface of the SCC board to realize the information exchange between the network management system and NE and the information exchange between NEs. The communication module consists of the network communication module, the serial communication module, and the ECC communication module.
Database management module The database management module is a critical part of the NE software. It includes two independent parts: data and program. The data are organized in the form of database, including network database, alarm database, performance database and equipment database. The program manages and accesses the data in the database.
4.5 Network Management System

The network management system, that is, the OptiX iManager, manages the system in a centralized manner. The NM system implements a unified management over the optical transmission network, and maintains all OSN, SDH, Metro, DWDM NE equipments in the network. In compliance with ITU-T Recommendations, it is an NM system that integrates standard management information model as well as object-oriented management technology. It exchanges information with the NE software through the communication module to monitor and manage the network equipments. The NM software runs on a workstation or PC, managing the equipments and the transmission network to help to operate, maintain and manage the transmission equipments. The management functions of the NM software include:

l
Alarm management: collects, prompts, filters, browses, acknowledges, checks, clears, and counts in real time; fulfills alarm insertion, alarm correlation analysis and fault diagnosis. Performance management: sets performance monitoring; browses, analyzes and prints performance data; forecasts medium-term and long-term performance; and resets performance register. Configuration management: configures and manages interfaces, clocks, services, trails, subnets and time. Security management: provides NM user management, NE user management, NE login management, NE login lockout, NE setting lockout and local craft terminal (LCT) access control of the equipments. Maintenance management: provides loopback, board resetting, automatic laser shutdown (ALS) and optical fiber power detection, and collects equipment data to help the maintenance personnel in troubleshooting.
4.6 ASON Software

According to the ITU-T Recommendations, an automatically switched optical network (ASON) includes three planes: control plane, management plane, and transport plane. The management plane refers to an upper layer management system such as the T2000. The transport plane refers to a traditional SDH network. The control plane is where the ASON software is applied, and uses the LMP (link management protocol), OSPF-TE (open shortest path first- traffic engineering), and RSVP-TE (reservation protocol-traffic engineering) protocols. Figure 4-2 shows the ASON software architecture. The ASON software mainly includes the link management module, the signaling module, the routing module, and the cross-connection management module. Figure 4-2 ASON software architecture
AOSN software
T2000
Signaling module Cross-connection management module
NE software
Routing module
LMP link management module
Link Management Module

By using the LMP protocol, the link management module provides the following functions:
l l
Create and maintain control channels. Verify member links and TE links.
Signaling Module
By using the RSVP-TE protocol, the signaling module provides the following functions:
l l
Set up or interrupt service connections according to user requests. Synchronize and restore services on the basis of service status changes.
Routing Module
By using the OSPF-TE protocol, the routing module provides the following functions:
l l l
Collect and flood the TE link information. Collect and flood the control link information of the control plane. Compute service trails and control the routing.
Cross-Connection Management Module

The cross-connection management module provides the following functions:
l l
Create and delete cross-connections. Report link status, alarms, and other relevant information.
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5 Ethernet Features
5
About This Chapter
Ethernet Features
This chapter describes Ethernet boards and typical Ethernet service scenarios of the OptiX OSN 9500. 5.1 Functions The OptiX OSN 9500 provides Ethernet boards including EGT6, EGT6A, GE06, EGTH, EGS8 and EAS1, which can meet different requirements of Ethernet services. 5.2 Application This topic describes typical Ethernet service application scenarios of the OptiX OSN 9500. 5.3 Protection This topic describes various Ethernet service protection schemes of the OptiX OSN 9500.
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5 Ethernet Features
5.1 Functions
The OptiX OSN 9500 provides Ethernet boards including EGT6, EGT6A, GE06, EGTH, EGS8 and EAS1, which can meet different requirements of Ethernet services. For information on the functions and features of these boards, see Table 5-1, Table 5-2, Table 5-3, Table 5-4, Table 5-5, and Table 5-6. Table 5-1 Functions and features of the EGT6 Function and Feature Basic function Description
l l
Transmits and receives 6xGE Ethernet optical signals. Realizes the O/E conversion, Ethernet frame processing, mapping, overhead pointer processing for signals. Connects to the working and protection cross-connect boards through the backplane to exchange data to groom services.
Concatenation service Interface type Service type Encapsulation format Optical interface type Optical module of the board Flow control function Transmission distance Loopback function LCAS function
Supports virtual concatenation and cross-connect services at the VC-4/VC-3 level. 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASE-SX. Supports the point-to-point Ethernet transparent transmission from GE services to GE services between different equipment. Supports the HDLC, LAPS (X.85, X.86), and GFP-F protocols. LC. Supports the hot-swappable function. Complies with the IEEE 802.3X standard. Varies with the type of the optical module. Generally, the transmission distance is 550 m and 10 km. Supports inloop at the MAC layer, and inloop at the PHY layer. Supported.
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5 Ethernet Features
Table 5-2 Functions and features of the EGT6A Function and Feature Basic function Description
l l
Transmits and receives 6xGE Ethernet optical signals. Realizes the O/E conversion, Ethernet frame processing, mapping, overhead pointer processing for signals. Connects to the working and protection cross-connect boards through the backplane to exchange data to groom services.
Concatenation service Interface type Service type Encapsulation format Optical interface type Optical module of the board Flow control function Transmission distance Loopback function LCAS function JUMBO frame ETH-OAM Link state pass through (LPT)
Supports virtual concatenation and cross-connect services at the VC-4/VC-3 level. 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-ZX. Supports the point-to-point Ethernet transparent transmission from GE services to GE services between different equipment. Supports the HDLC, LAPS (X.85, X.86), and GFP-F protocols. LC. Supports the hot-swappable function. Complies with the IEEE 802.3X standard. Varies with the type of the optical module. Generally, the transmission distance is 550 m,10 km, or 40 km. Supports inloop at the MAC layer, and inloop at the PHY layer. Supported. Supports the JUMBO frame of up to 9600 bytes. Complies with IEEE 802.1ag. Supported. In addition, the hold-off time can be set and queried.
NOTE
The EGT6A boards can function as spare boards to replace the EGT6 and GE06 boards. The EGT6 and GE06 boards cannot, however, be used as the spare boards to replace the EGT6A boards.
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5 Ethernet Features
Table 5-3 Functions and features of the GE06 Function and Feature Basic function Description Transmits and receives 6xGE Ethernet optical signals. Realizes the O/E conversion, Ethernet frame processing, mapping, overhead pointer processing for signals. Connects to the working and protection cross-connect boards through the backplane to exchange data to groom services.
l l
Concatenation service Interface type Service type Encapsulation format Optical interface type Optical module of the board Flow control function Transmission distance Loopback function LCAS function
Supports virtual concatenation services at the VC-4 level. 1000BASE-LX and 1000BASE-SX. Supports the point-to-point Ethernet transparent transmission from GE services to GE services between different equipment. Supports HDLC, LAPS (X.85, X.86), and GFP-F protocols. LC. Supports the hot-swappable function. Complies with the IEEE 802.3X standard. Varies with the type of the optical module. Generally, the transmission distance is 550 m or 10 km. Supports inloop at the MAC layer, and inloop at the PHY layer. Not supported.
NOTE
The EGT6 and EGT6A can replace the GE06, but the GE06 cannot replace the EGT6 and EGT6A.
Table 5-4 Functions and features of the EGTH Function and Feature Basic function Description Transmits and receives 16xGE Ethernet optical signals or 16xGE electrical signals. Realizes the O/E conversion, Ethernet frame processing, mapping, overhead pointer processing for signals. Connects to the working and protection cross-connect boards through the backplane to exchange data to groom services.
Concatenation service
Supports virtual concatenation and cross-connect services at the VC-4/VC-3 level.
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5 Ethernet Features
Function and Feature Interface type Service type Encapsulation format Optical interface type Optical module of the board Flow control function Transmission distance Loopback function LCAS function JUMBO frame
Description 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-T and 1000BASEZX. Supports the point-to-point Ethernet transparent transmission from GE services to GE services between different equipment. Supports HDLC, LAPS (X.85, X.86), and GFP-F protocols. LC. Supports the hot-swappable function. Complies with the IEEE 802.3X standard. Varies with the type of the optical module. Generally, the transmission distance is 550 m, 10 km, or 40 km. Supports inloop at the MAC layer, and inloop at the PHY layer. Supported. Supports the JUMBO frame of up to 9600 bytes. The GE interface does not transmit the JUMBO frame when the flow control function is supported. The GE interface does not perform the flow control function when it transmits the JUMBO frame. Supported. The DLAG and ASON services can coexist. Complies with IEEE 802.1ag. Supported. In addition, the hold-off time can be set and queried.
DLAG ETH-OAM LPT
Table 5-5 Functions and features of the EGS8 Function and Feature Basic function Description
l l
Transmits and receives 8xGE Ethernet optical signals. Realizes the O/E conversion, Ethernet frame processing, mapping, Layer 2 switching, and overhead pointer processing for signals. Connects to the working and protection cross-connect boards through the backplane to exchange data to groom services.
Concatenation service
Supports virtual concatenation and cross-connect services at the VC-4/VC-3 level, and adjacent concatenation at the VC-4 level. 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASE-EX and 1000BASE-ZX
Interface type
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5 Ethernet Features
Function and Feature Service type Encapsulation format Optical interface type Optical module of the board Flow control function Transmission distance Loopback function LCAS function Number of virtual concatenation groups (VCG) Spanning tree QinQ QoS ETH-OAM LPT function Link aggregation group (LAG) IGMP Snooping
Description Supports the EPL, EVPL, EPLAN, and EVPLAN services. Supports the GFP-F protocol. LC. Supports the hot-swappable function. Complies with the IEEE 802.3X standard. Varies with the type of the optical module. Generally, the transmission distance is 550 m, 10 km, 40 km, or 80 km. Supports inloop at the MAC and PHY layers. Supported. Supports 16 VCGs.
Supports STP and RSTP. Supported. Supports CAR, shaping (flow shaping), and CoS scheduling of eight priorities. Complies with IEEE 802.1ag and 802.3ah. Supports P2PLPT and P2MP LPT. Supports the inter-board LAG and intra-board LAG. Supported.
Table 5-6 Functions and features of the EAS1 Function and Feature Basic function Description Transmits and receives 1x10GE Ethernet optical signals. Realizes the O/E conversion, Ethernet frame processing, mapping, Layer 2 switching, and overhead pointer processing for signals. Connects to the working and protection cross-connect boards through the backplane to exchange data to groom services.
l l
Concatenation service Interface type

5-6
Supports virtual concatenation at the VC-4/VC-3 level, and adjacent concatenation at VC-4 level. 10GBASE-LR and 10GBASE-ER.
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Function and Feature Service type Encapsulation format Optical interface type Optical module of the board Flow control function Transmission distance Loopback function LCAS function Number of VCGs Spanning tree QinQ QoS ETH-OAM LPT function Port mirroring function LAG IGMP snooping
Description Supports the EPL, EVPL, EPLAN, and EVPLAN services. Supports the GFP-F protocol. LC. Supports the hot-swappable function. Complies with the IEEE 802.3X standard. Varies with the type of the optical module. Generally, the transmission distance is 40 km or 10 km. Supports inloop at the MAC and PHY layers. Supported. Supports 24 VCGs. Supports STP and RSTP. Supported. Supports CAR, shaping (flow shaping), and CoS scheduling of eight priorities. Comples with IEEE 802.1ag. Supports P2PLPT and P2MP LPT. Supported. Supports the inter-board LAG and intra-board LAG. Supported.
5.2 Application
This topic describes typical Ethernet service application scenarios of the OptiX OSN 9500. The OptiX OSN 9500 can access the Ethernet services on the SDH transmission platform. The Ethernet services supported are as follows:
l l l l
EPL service EVPL service EPLAN service EVPLAN service
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5 Ethernet Features
EPL Service
The EPL transmits the point-to-point Ethernet services transparently. As shown in Figure 5-1, the Ethernet services at different NEs are transmitted to the destination node through their respective VCTRUNKs. The Ethernet services are also protected by the SDH self-healing ring (SHR). In this manner, the secure and reliable transmission is guaranteed. Figure 5-1 EPL service based on port
NE 4 1 4 NE 1 2 5 NE 2
SHR
NE 3 3
Traffic flow
Optix NE
EVPL Service
The OptiX OSN 9500 supports the EVPL services in two modes.
l
EVPL service in shared port mode. In this mode, the EVPL services are isolated by VLANs to realize bandwidth sharing.
As shown in Figure 5-2, the traffic is classified for the Ethernet services according to the VLAN ID, to distinguish different departments of Company A. In addition, the two services are transmitted over their respective independent VCTRUNKs.
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5 Ethernet Features
Figure 5-2 EVPL service of shared ports

Headqwarters of Company A VLAN100 VLAN200 PORT1 Marketing Dept. of Company A VCTRUNK1 VCTRUNK2 VLAN100 PORT1 VLAN200 PORT2 Technical Support Dept. of Company A NE 1 NE 2
OptiX NE
Enterprise user
EVPL service in shared VCTRUNK mode. The OptiX OSN 9500 supports two methods to converge or distribute the EVPL service.

Based on the VLAN tags, as shown in Figure 5-3 Based on the QinQ technology, as shown in Figure 5-4
Figure 5-3 EVPL services isolated by VLAN tags

B VLAN200 VLAN100 A PORT 1 PORT2 PORT2 VCTRUNK VLAN200 VLAN100 PORT 1 A' B'
NE 1 Community
NE 2 OptiX NE
Cyber cafe
Figure 5-4 EVPL services isolated by QinQ technology

Add tags C-Aware S-Aware
Marketing Dept.
S-Aware
Strip tag C-Aware PORT2
Marketing Dept.
PORT2 VCTRUNK1 PORT1 Technical Support Dept. Branch 1 `
NE 1
NE 2
PORT1
Technical Support Dept.
Branch 2
Company A
OptiX NE
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5 Ethernet Features
EPLAN Service
The OptiX OSN 9500 supports Layer 2 switching of Ethernet data. This is referred to as the EPLAN service, which can be transmitted according to its destination media access control (MAC) address. As shown in Figure 5-5, respective LANs of Companies A and B are connected to four NEs. The Ethernet services among the four NEs are not of a fixed point-to-point type. For example, if a user of Company A connected to NE3 needs to communicate with the users of Company A connected to the other three NEs, the service flow directions are not fixed. The Ethernet Layer 2 switching function provided by the OptiX OSN 9500 can be implemented to solve this problem. For example, after performing relevant settings on NE3, the system sets up a MAC address table that can be periodically updated by self-learning. Then, the data of Companies A and B on NE3 can be transmitted to the destinations over either the same VCTRUNK or different VCTRUNKs, according to their MAC address tables. In this way, the system configuration is simplified, and the bandwidth utilization is improved. In addition, the operator can easily maintain or manage the equipment. Figure 5-5 EPLAN service
Company A Company B
NE1
Company A
NE2
NE4
Company A
SHR
3 NE3
Company B
Company B
MAC Address MAC 1 MAC 2 MAC 3
NE1 NE4 NE2
VC-Trunk
Company A
Company B
Traffic flow
Optix NE
EVPLAN Service
The OptiX OSN 9500 provides the EVPLAN service of the QinQ model. The EVPLAN service implements the multipoint-to-multipoint connection of user sites. From the viewpoint of users, the EVPLAN network is a big VLAN where the user services can be converged.
5 Ethernet Features
As shown in Figure 5-6, after the data frames are transmitted to the equipment over the C-Aware port, the relevant S-VLAN can be queried from the QinQ service table entries based on the CVLAN. Then, the Layer 2 MAC address table can be queried to obtain the relevant egress port according to the destination address and the S-VLAN. When the data frames are transmitted from the C-Aware port, the Layer 2 MAC address table can be queried according to the S-VLAN and the destination address. Then, the data frames are forwarded to the relevant egress port and the S-VLAN is peeled off. In Figure 5-6, S-A and S-B are the VLAN domains of the service provider, and C-A and C-B are the VLAN domains of the users. Figure 5-6 EVPLAN service
Company A
Add-A2
II C-Aware
Add-B2
Company B
I C-Aware
Add-A1
1 S-Aware I C-Aware 1 S-Aware
2 S-Aware 1 S-Aware 2 S-Aware II C-Aware I C-Aware
Company A
Add-A3
Company A
Add-B1
Company B
2 S-Aware II C-Aware 1 S-Aware 2 S-Aware
Add-B3
Company B
I C-Aware MAC Add-A-1 Add-B-1 S-VLAN S-A S-B PORT
II C-Aware
1 1
Company A
Add-A4 Company B Add-B4
S-VLAN S-A S-B
C-VLAN C-A C-B
PORT
I II
MAC address table
QinQ service
Optix NE
5.3 Protection
This topic describes various Ethernet service protection schemes of the OptiX OSN 9500. The OptiX OSN equipment provides the following protection schemes for the Ethernet services.
l l l l l
Link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) Spanning tree protocol (STP)/Rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) Link aggreation group (LAG) Distributed Link Aggregation Group (DLAG) Link state pass through (LPT)
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5 Ethernet Features
LCAS
The LCAS provides an error tolerance mechanism to enhance the reliability of the concatenation function. The LCAS has the following functions:
l
When the LCAS is applied in the virtual concatenation technology, the LCAS enables the configuration of system capacity, the increase and decrease of the concatenated VC quantity, and the dynamic change of bearer bandwidth (services are not damaged during the dynamic change). The LCAS protects and restores failed members.
As shown in Figure 5-7, the LCAS can dynamically add or delete a member to increase or decrease the bandwidth. A service is not interrupted when you adjust the bandwidth. Figure 5-7 Dynamic bandwidth adjustment through LCAS
I want another 10 M bandwidth. MSTP network
Member
Member Branch
Headquarters
Member
Branch
Member New member
Headquarters
Optix NE
As shown in Figure 5-8 , the LCAS realizes the protection of the Ethernet service. When a member fails, the failed member is automatically deleted, while other members keep transmitting data normally. As a result, you can prevent the entire concatenation group from being unavailable. When the failed member is available again, it is automatically restored, and the data is loaded to the member again.
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5 Ethernet Features
Figure 5-8 Virtual concatenation group protection through LCAS

MSTP network Member
Member Branch Failed member
Headquarters
Member Member Branch Delete failed member
Headquarters
Optix NE
STP/RSTP
The Ethernet boards support the STP and RSTP. When the STP or RSTP is started, it logically modifies the network topology to avoid a broadcast storm. Moreover, the STP or RSTP can protect a link by restructuring the topology.
LAG
An LAG bundles multiple links that are connected to the same equipment, to increase the bandwidth and improve the link reliability. An LAG can be regarded as a link. The LAG provides the following functions:
l
Improving the link availability. In an LAG, the members dynamically back up each other. When a link is interrupted, other members quickly take it over. Increasing the link bandwidth. The LAG provides a method of economically increasing the transmission rate for the users. When multiple physical links are bundled, the user can obtain a data link of higher bandwidth, without upgrading the existing equipment. The capacity of an LAG equals the sum of the capacity of all member links. Providing load balancing. Multiple physical links in an LAG share the traffic load and back up each other. Improving the reliability. The members in an LAG dynamically back up each other.
The EGS8 and EAS1 boards support link aggregation. Currently, they support only manual aggregation and static aggregation.
DLAG
The DLAG requires the use of two boards. One board is the working board and the other is the protection board. During switching, only the affected ports are switched and the other ports are not. The equipment configured with the DLAG should be in connection with the equipment where the LACP is
5 Ethernet Features
running. When any intermediate node is between two equipment sets where the DLAG is configured, the intermediated node should support the transparent transmission of the protocol packets. The DLAG can be of the revertive mode or the non-revertive mode.
l
Revertive mode. If the working board becomes faulty, the DLAG is switched to the protection board. When the working board recovers, the DLAG is automatically switched to the working board. Non-revertive mode. If the working board becomes faulty, the DLAG is switched to the protection board. When the working board recovers, the DLAG is not automatically switched to the working board unless the protection board becomes faulty.
The EGS8, EAS1, and EGTH boards support distributed link aggregation.
LPT
The LPT function is a link-based protection scheme. In a network, when the working and protection ports between routers belong to different links, the LPT function is available for protection. When the working link is faulty, the LPT function shuts down the local port. In this case, the opposite router knows that the working link is abnormal. As a result, the service is switched from the working port to the protection port and is thus protected. The LPT function includes P2P LPT and P2MP LPT.
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6 DCN Features
6
About This Chapter
DCN Features
This chapter describes the DCN features of the OptiX OSN 9500. 6.1 DCN Overview This topic describes the concept, background and distribution mode of the DCN. 6.2 HWECC This topic describes the feature and the application of HWECC. 6.3 IP over DCC This topic describes the feature and the application of IP over DCC. 6.4 OSI over DCC This topic describes the feature and the application of OSI over DCC.
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6 DCN Features
6.1 DCN Overview

This topic describes the concept, background and distribution mode of the DCN. The element management system (EMS) sets up communication with NEs through a data communication network (DCN), to manage and maintain these NEs. In a DCN, the EMS and NEs are both regarded as network nodes, which can be connected through Ethernet or physical data communication channels (DCCs). In practical networking, the EMS and NEs can be located on different floors in a building, in different buildings, or even in different cities. Therefore, the connection between the EMS and NEs usually requires an external DCN that is composed of equipment such as LAN switch and routers. On the other hand, the DCN among NEs is referred to as an internal DCN. This topic describes the internal DCN composed of NEs. See Figure 6-1. Figure 6-1 DCN network
T2000
IP/OSI DCN
External DCN
HW ECC or IP/OSI over DCC
Internal DCN
OptiX optical transmission equipment LAN switch
6.1.1 Background of DCN With the development of network scale, OAM of a network becomes more and more difficult. A stable and robust DCN management network helps lower the OAM cost. 6.1.2 DCN Solution The OptiX equipment series of Huawei provide multiple DCN solutions. 6.1.3 Equipment DCC Allocation The OptiX OSN 9500 supports multiple modes to allocate the DCC resources.
6 DCN Features
6.1.1 Background of DCN

With the development of network scale, OAM of a network becomes more and more difficult. A stable and robust DCN management network helps lower the OAM cost. In a DCN, the DCC bytes in SDH overheads are used as physical channels for DCN management. The customer does not need to set up private DCN channels so that the network construction cost is greatly lowered. For a DCN, the SDH provides the following bandwidth.
l
By using the D1D3 bytes in SDH regenerator section overheads (RSOH), the SDH provides a 192 kbit/s bandwidth for the DCN. By using the D4D12 bytes in SDH multiplex section overheads (MSOH), the SDH provides a 576 kbit/s bandwidth for the DCN. By using the D1D12 bytes in SDH section overheads, the SDH provides a 768 kbit/s bandwidth for the DCN.
Figure 6-2 shows the position of the DCC bytes in the SDH overhead. Figure 6-2 Position of DCC bytes in the SDH overhead
A1 B1 D1 A1 A1 A2 E1 D2 AU PTR B2 D4 D7 D10 S1 B2 B2 K1 D5 D8 D11 M1 K2 D6 D9 D12 E2 A2 A2 J0 F1 D3
* RSOH
MSOH
6.1.2 DCN Solution

The OptiX equipment series of Huawei provide multiple DCN solutions. The OptiX equipment supports the DCN networking by using the following three protocols:
l l l
HWECC TCP/IP (IP over DCC) OSI (OSI over DCC)
The HWECC protocol is a private protocol developed by Huawei to support the DCN networking of OptiX equipment. The HWECC protocol features easy configuration and application. As it is private, the HWECC protocol does not meet the management requirements for hybrid networking with equipment from other vendors.
6 DCN Features
The TCP/IP and OSI protocols are standard communication protocols that solve the management issue in the case of hybrid networking with equipment from other vendors. These two protocols can also be used in a network that is composed of only Huawei equipment.
NOTE
When OptiX equipment is interconnected with the equipment of the other vendors, which does not support the TCP/IP and OSI standard communication protocols, Huawei provides the transparent transmission function for DCC bytes, and provides relevant Ethernet service channels to transparently transmit the OAM information.
6.1.3 Equipment DCC Allocation

The OptiX OSN 9500 supports multiple modes to allocate the DCC resources. Table 6-1 lists the DCC resource allocation modes supported by the OptiX OSN 9500. Table 6-1 DCC allocation modes of the OptiX OSN 9500 DCC Allocation Channel type JSCC Board Support both the D1D3, D4D12, and D1D12 channels. Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 (Default) Support288 D1D3 channels. Support 288 D4D12 channels. Support 252 D1D3 channels. Support 252 D4D12 channels. Mode 4 Mode 5 Support 252 D1D12 channels. Support 164 D1D3 channels. Support 164 D4D12 channels. Support 84 D1D12 channels. Mode 6 Support 200 D1D3 channels. Support 200 D4D12 channels. Support 50 D1D12 channels. Default protocol type D1D3 HWECC
6-4
ESCC Board Support both the D1D3, D4D12, and D1D12 channels. Support 288 D1D3 channels. Support 288 D4D12 channels. Support 288 D1D3 channels. Support 288 D4D12 channels. Support 288 D1D12 channels. Support 184 D1D3 channels. Support 184 D4D12 channels. Support 92 D1D12 channels. Support 224 D1D3 channels. Support 224 D4D12 channels. Support 56 D1D12 channels. D1D3 HWECC D4D12 IP address
Operation mode
D4D12 IP address
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6.2 HWECC
This topic describes the feature and the application of HWECC. 6.2.1 Functions and Features The HWECC protocol is used to transmit OAM information among Huawei OptiX equipment. In hybrid networking with equipment of other vendors, the HWECC protocol is not able to identify the OAM information from equipment of other vendors, but can transparently transmit such OAM information. By using the existing DCC resources, the user can manage the equipment in a centralized manner. 6.2.2 Application The HWECC protocol has three typical applications depending on the networking.
6.2.1 Functions and Features

The HWECC protocol is used to transmit OAM information among Huawei OptiX equipment. In hybrid networking with equipment of other vendors, the HWECC protocol is not able to identify the OAM information from equipment of other vendors, but can transparently transmit such OAM information. By using the existing DCC resources, the user can manage the equipment in a centralized manner. The HWECC protocol has the following features:
l l
Provide a flexible networking environment. NEs can be connected through optical interfaces or Ethernet interfaces for ECC communication. Transparently transmit the OAM information from equipment of other vendors.
NOTE
When the JH41 board is inserted in the 10 Gbit/s slot of the OptiX OSN 9500, up to eight ECCs are supported by the first eight optical interfaces. When the O16E/O16D board is inserted in the 20 Gbit/s slot, up to eight ECCs are supported.
6.2.2 Application
The HWECC protocol has three typical applications depending on the networking.
OAM Information Transmitted by the OptiX OSN Equipment Only

When the OAM information is transmitted only among OptiX OSN equipment, a gateway NE is needed to communicate with the T2000. Connected to the gateway NE through the Qx interface, the T2000 tests, manages and maintains the entire network. The T2000 system helps improve the network service quality, lower the maintenance cost, and ensure a reasonable use of network resources. A non-gateway NE is connected to the gateway NE through ECC to transmit the OAM information. In some special cases, extended ECC communication through Ethernet interfaces is also available among NEs. See Figure 6-3.
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Figure 6-3 Networking with extended ECC
PC
HUB1
GNE1
NE6 NE6
HUB2
NE7
NE12
NE2
NE5
NE8
NE11
NE3 Network cable Fiber Optix NE
NE4
NE9
NE10
Subnet1
Subnet2
Transparent Transmission of OAM Information from the Third-Party Equipment

When the OptiX OSN equipment is provided between third party equipment, the OAM information of the third party equipment can be transparently transmitted through D4D12 bytes of the OptiX OSN equipment. See Figure 6-4. Figure 6-4 OAM information transparently transmitted from the third party equipment (ECC)
D4-D12
D1-D3 Third party equipment
Transparent transmission
D1-D3 Third party equipment
Optix NE
OAM Information Transparently Transmitted by the Third-Party Equipment

When the third party equipment is provided between the OptiX OSN equipment, the OAM information of the OptiX OSN equipment can be transparently transmitted through D4D12 bytes of the equipment. See Figure 6-5.
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Figure 6-5 OAM information transparently transmitted by the third party equipment (ECC)
Third party equipment
D4-D12
Transparent transmission
D1-D3 Optix NE
D1-D3
6.3 IP over DCC

This topic describes the feature and the application of IP over DCC. 6.3.1 Features With the IP over DCC solution, the OptiX OSN 9500 can transmit the network management information. 6.3.2 Application The IP over DCC solution has two typical applications depending on the networking.
6.3.1 Features
With the IP over DCC solution, the OptiX OSN 9500 can transmit the network management information. The IP over DCC solution has the following features.
l
The TCP/IP protocol realizes the compatibility with the equipment of other vendors. In this case, the network management is simplified. The Layer 3 functions of the protocol stack are adopted. In this case, additional overheads or server trails are not required to transmit the OAM information from equipment of other vendors. The networking modes are flexible. Several application layer protocols are supported.
l l
6.3.2 Application
The IP over DCC solution has two typical applications depending on the networking.
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OAM Information Transparently Transmitted by the Third Party Equipment

When the third party equipment is provided between the OptiX OSN equipment, the OAM information of the OptiX OSN equipment can be transparently transmitted by third party equipment, by using the IP over DCC solution. See Figure 6-6. Figure 6-6 OAM information transparently transmitted by the third party equipment (IP)
IP over DCC
Optix NE
Transparent Transmission of OAM Information from the Third Party Equipment

When the OptiX OSN 9500 is provided between the third party equipment, the OAM information can be transparently transmitted by the OptiX OSN 9500 equipment, by using the IP over DCC solution. See Figure 6-7.
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Figure 6-7 Transparent transmission of OAM information from the third party equipment (IP)
IP over DCC Third party equipment Third party equipment
Optix NE
6.4 OSI over DCC

This topic describes the feature and the application of OSI over DCC. 6.4.1 Features The OSI over DCC protocol is for hybrid networking between the OptiX OSN equipment and other optical network equipment that supports OSI over DCC. 6.4.2 Application The OSI over DCC protocol has two typical applications depending on the networking.
6.4.1 Features
The OSI over DCC protocol is for hybrid networking between the OptiX OSN equipment and other optical network equipment that supports OSI over DCC. The IP over DCC solution has the following features:
l
In a transmission network based on the equipment of different vendors, the OSI over DCC protocol can be used to transparently transmit the OAM information at the network layer. Therefore, the OSI over DCC provides a more flexible networking. The user does not need to set up additional DCN channels. The existing DCC resources manage the equipment of different vendors in a centralized manner.
6.4.2 Application
The OSI over DCC protocol has two typical applications depending on the networking.
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OAM Information Transparently Transmitted by the Third-Party Equipment

When the third party equipment is provided between the OptiX OSN equipment, the OAM information of the OptiX OSN equipment can be transparently transmitted by the third party equipment, by using the OSI over DCC protocol. As shown in Figure 6-8, the Huawei equipment is at the network edge, and the equipment of other vendors is in the backbone network. The OAM information between the T2000 and the OptiX OSN equipment needs to be forwarded by the equipment of other vendors. In this case, each subnet composed of Huawei equipment must have at least one gateway NE. Figure 6-8 OAM information transparently transmitted by the third party equipment (OSI)
IP over DCC
Optix NE
OAM Information Transparently Transmitted by the OptiX OSN Equipment

When the OptiX OSN equipment is provided between the third party equipment, the OAM information can be transparently transmitted by the OptiX OSN equipment, by using the OSI over DCC protocol. As shown in Figure 6-9, the Huawei equipment is in the backbone network, and the equipment of other vendors is at the network edge. The OAM information between the network management system and the equipment of other vendors needs to be forwarded by Huawei equipment.
NOTE
In practice, a network cannot always be divided clearly. A more common hybrid networking is that the equipment of different vendors coexists at both the core layer and the peripheral layer.
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Figure 6-9 Transparent transmission of OAM information from the third party equipment (OSI)
Third party equipment OSI protocol stack OSI protocol stack OSI over DCC
Third party equipment Third party equipment
OSI protocol stack
Optix NE
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7
About This Chapter
ASON Features
This chapter describes various ASON features and ASON services of the OptiX OSN 9500. 7.1 Automatic Discovery of the Topologies The automatic discovery of the topologies includes the automatic discovery of the control links and TE links. 7.2 End-to-End Service Configuration The ASON network supports end-to-end service configuration, which is very convenient. 7.3 Mesh Networking Protection and Restoration The ASON provides mesh networking protection to enhance service survivability and network security. 7.4 ASON Clock Tracing ASON NEs support both the traditional clock tracing mode and the ASON clock tracing mode. In an ASON domain, some or all ASON NEs can be set with the ASON clock tracing mode. In this way, these ASON NEs form an ASON clock subnet. 7.5 SLA The ASON network can provide services of different QoS to different clients. 7.6 Diamond Services Diamond services have the best protection ability. When there are enough resources in the network, diamond services provide a permanent 1+1 protection. Diamond services are applicable to voice and data services, VIP private line, such as banking, security and aviation. 7.7 Gold Services Gold services are applicable to voice and significant data services. Compared with diamond services, gold services have greater bandwidth utilization. 7.8 Silver Services Silver services, the revertive time is hundreds of milliseconds to several seconds. The silver level service is suitable for those data or internet services that have low real-time requirement. 7.9 Copper Services The copper services are seldom used. Generally, temporary services, such as the abrupt services in holidays, are configured as copper services.
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7.10 Iron Services The iron services are also seldom used. Generally, temporary services are configured as iron services. For example, when service volume soars, during holidays, the services can be configured as iron services to fully use the bandwidth resources. 7.11 Tunnels Tunnels are mainly used to carry VC-12 or VC-3 services. Tunnels are also called as ASON server trails. 7.12 Service Association The service association can be used to associate the same service accessed from different points into the ASON network. 7.13 Service Optimization After the topology changes several times, the ASON may have less satisfactory routes and thus requires service optimization. Service optimization involves creating a new LSP, switching the optimized service to the new LSP, and deleting the original LSP to change and optimize the service without disrupting the service. Of course, the service route can be restricted during the service optimization. 7.14 Service Migration OptiX GCP supports the conversion between ASON services, and between ASON services and traditional services. The service conversion is in-service conversion, which would not interrupt the services. 7.15 Reverting Services to Original Routes After many changes in an ASON network, service routes may differ from the original routes. You can revert all service to the original routes. 7.16 Preset Restoring Trail Customers may require that the services route to a specified trail in the case of trail failure. To this end, the OptiX GCP provides the function of presetting the trail for restoration. This function helps increase the controllability of service routing. 7.17 Shared Mesh Restoration Trail For a revertive silver service, a restoration trail can be reserved. In the case of rerouting, the silver service reroutes to the reserved restoration trail. Such a restoration trail is called a shared mesh restoration trail. 7.18 Shared Risk Link Group In the ASON network, the SRLG needs to be set when a group of optical fibers are in one cable. 7.19 Amalgamation of ASON and LCAS The ASON supports amalgamation of ASON and LCAS.
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7.1 Automatic Discovery of the Topologies

The automatic discovery of the topologies includes the automatic discovery of the control links and TE links. 7.1.1 Auto-Discovery of Control Links The ASON network automatically discovers the control links through the OSPF-TE protocol. 7.1.2 Auto-Discovery of TE Links The ASON network spreads the TE links to the entire network through the OSPF-TE protocol.
7.1.1 Auto-Discovery of Control Links

The ASON network automatically discovers the control links through the OSPF-TE protocol. When the fiber connection is complete in an ASON network, each ASON NE uses the OSPF protocol to discover the control links and then floods the information about its own control links to the entire network. See Figure 7-1. As a result, each NE obtains the information of the control links in the entire network and also obtains the information about the network-wide control topology. The following figure shows the details. Each ASON NE then computes the shortest route to any ASON NE and writes these routes into the route forwarding table, which is used for the signaling RSVP to transmit and receive packets. Figure 7-1 Auto-discovery of control links
ASON domain
When the fiber connection in the entire network is complete, ASON NEs automatically discover the network-wide control topology and report the topology information to the management system for real-time display. See Figure 7-2.
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Figure 7-2 Management of control topology
R1
R4
R2 R3 : ASON NE : User equipment
7.1.2 Auto-Discovery of TE Links

The ASON network spreads the TE links to the entire network through the OSPF-TE protocol. After an ASON NE creates a control channel between neighboring NEs through LMP, the TE link verification can be started. Each ASON NE floods its own TE links to the entire network through OSPF-TE. Each NE then gets the network-wide TE links, that is, the network-wide resource topology. ASON software detects change in the resource topology in real time, including the deletion and addition of links, and the change in the link parameters, and then reports the change to T2000, which performs a real-time refresh. As shown in Figure 7-3, if one TE link is cut, the NM updates the resource topology displayed on the NM in real time.
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Figure 7-3 TE link auto-discovery
R1
R4
7.2 End-to-End Service Configuration

The ASON network supports end-to-end service configuration, which is very convenient. The ASON supports both SDH permanent connections and end-to-end ASON services. To configure an ASON service, you only need to specify its source node, sink node, bandwidth requirement, and protection level. Service routing and cross-connection at intermediate nodes are all automatically completed by the network. You can also set explicit node, excluded node, explicit link and excluded link to constrain the service routing. Compared with the service configuration of SDH networks, it fully utilizes the routing and signaling functions of the ASON NEs and thus it is convenient to configure services. For example, consider the configuration of a 155 Mbit/s ASON service between A and I in Figure 7-4. The network automatically finds the A-D-E-I route and configures cross-connection at nodes A, D, E and I. Although there is more than one route from A to I, the network calculates the best route according to the configured algorithm. It is assumed that A-D-E-I is the best route. The service is created as follows:
l l l l l
Choose the bandwidth granularity. Choose the server level. Choose the source node. Choose the sink node. Create the service.
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Figure 7-4 End-to-end service configuration
R1
D A B C
E I F
R4
H G
R2
R3
: ASON NE : User equipment
7.3 Mesh Networking Protection and Restoration

The ASON provides mesh networking protection to enhance service survivability and network security. As a main networking mode of ASON, mesh features high flexibility and scalability. Compared with the traditional SDH networking mode, the mesh networking does not need to reserve 50% bandwidth. Thus, it can save bandwidth resources to satisfy increasingly large bandwidth demand. In addition, this networking mode also provides more than one recovery route for each services so it can best utilize the network resources and enhance the network security. As shown in Figure 7-5, when the C-G link fails, to restore the service, the network calculates another route from D to H and creates a new LSP to transmit the service.
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Figure 7-5 Trail restoration
R1
E D A B G C H I F
R4
7.4 ASON Clock Tracing

ASON NEs support both the traditional clock tracing mode and the ASON clock tracing mode. In an ASON domain, some or all ASON NEs can be set with the ASON clock tracing mode. In this way, these ASON NEs form an ASON clock subnet. In an ASON clock subnet, each ASON NE automatically traces the best clock source. The clock is then automatically traced and switched. In this way, clock interlock is avoided. In addition, the clock configuration is simplified. For an ASON domain with many ASON NEs, several ASON clock subnets should be created if more than 20 ASON NEs are on the clock tracing link in a clock subnet. Each ASON clock subnet generates its own clock tracing relation to trace the primary source in the local subnet. In each ASON clock subnet, the change of primary source and link does not affect the clock tracing relation in other ASON clock subnets. Generally, one ASON clock subnet is created in one ASON domain.
Advantages of the ASON Clock Tracing

The ASON clock tracing has the following advantages.
l
Simple configuration: For one ASON clock subnet, only the primary clock need be created to realize auto-tracing and auto-switching of the clock. Auto-tracing and auto-switching: In an ASON clock subnet, the clock has the auto-tracing and auto-switching features. The ASON tracing avoids the clock interlock.
Clock Protection Protocol

To realize the ASON clock tracing, all ASON NEs within the ASON clock subnet must start the standard SSM protocol.
7 ASON Features
Primary Reference Clock Source

Within the ASON clock subnet, the ASON software automatically sets the clock tracing relation. At the edge of an ASON clock subnet, the external clock source, or internal clock source of edge NEs should be manually set as the primary reference clock source for the ASON clock subnet. The following clock sources can be set as the primary clock reference source.
l l l
Line clock source External clock source Internal clock source of edge NEs
For one ASON clock subnet, several primary reference clock sources can be set. The ASON clock subnet, however, traces only one of these primary reference clock sources. The other clock sources back up the traced clock source. When the selected primary reference clock source fails, the entire subnet automatically traces another backup primary reference clock source. In this way, a new clock tracing tree is established. A priority should be set for the primary reference clock source. As shown in Figure 7-6, in an ASON clock subnet, primary and secondary clock sources are configured at NE A and NE B respectively. Other ASON NEs in the ASON clock subnet automatically create clock tracing trees by computation. In this way, the entire subnet traces the primary BITS and all clocks in the subnet keep synchronous. When the primary BITS fails, each ASON NE creates the clock tracing tree by re-computation. In this way, the entire subnet traces the secondary BITS and all clocks in the subnet keep synchronous. Figure 7-6 ASON clock subnet
BITS Primary base clock source A BITS B Standby base clock source
:ASON NE : BITS
Interfacing Mode
By default, the ASON software automatically creates the clock tracing tree according to the network topology. In this way, each ASON NE then can automatically trace an available clock source. If necessary, set the interfacing mode of some optical interfaces to the clock quality not detected mode to adjust the clock tracing tree. In this way, these optical interfaces are excluded from the options of the clock tracing sources for ASON NEs.
7 ASON Features
Regeneration Source
A regeneration source is a device used to regenerate clock signals. If an NE is configured with such a device, the system tracing clock of the NE is strengthened and the quality of the out-link clock is increased. During the computation for creating the clock tracing tree, the clock signals strengthened by the regeneration source are selected with priority. For configuration of the regeneration source, 2M input and output interfaces are used. An NE receives the upstream clock signals and outputs them to the regeneration device. The regenerated clock signals then return to the NE through the 2M input interface. The clock then works as the system tracing clock for the NE. In this way, clock signals are strengthened and the line clock signals output from the NE are also strengthened.
Clock Tracing Relation in the ASON Clock Subnet

The clock tracing relation in the ASON clock subnet is as follows:
l
The ASON clock subnet take priority to trace the primary source of the highest clock quality. If multiple primary reference clock sources are of the same quality, the ASON clock subnet traces the primary reference clock source of the highest priority. If multiple primary reference clock sources are of the same quality and priority, the ASON clock subnet traces the clock source in the trail with the least hops to generate multiple clock tracing trees. In this way, too long clock tracing trail is avoided. If all the primary reference clock sources are invalid, the ASON clock subnet traces the internal clock source with the smallest node ID. Thus, clocks in the entire network are synchronized.
Hybrid Network of the ASON Clock Subnet and Traditional Clock Subnet
If the traditional clock subnet works in the SSM disabled mode, you should configure the quality and priority of the primary reference clock source in the ASON clock subnet. If the traditional clock network works in the standard SSM mode, you should configure only the quality of the primary reference clock source in the ASON clock subnet. If the traditional clock subnet works in the extended SSM mode, you should only modify the subnet to the standard SSM mode, and then form a hybrid network with the ASON clock subnet.
Modifying the Traditional ASON Subnet to the ASON Clock Subnet

If the ASON NE is working in the traditional clock tracing mode and in the SSM disabled mode, you should create the ASON clock subnet and configure the quality and priority of the primary reference clock source. If the ASON NE is working in the traditional clock tracing mode and in the standard SSM mode, you should directly create the ASON clock subnet and configure the priority of the primary reference clock source. If the ASON NE is working in the traditional clock tracing mode and in the extended SSM mode, you should modify the extended SSM mode to the standard SSM mode. Then you should create the ASON clock subnet and configure the priority of the primary reference clock source.
7 ASON Features
7.5 SLA
The ASON network can provide services of different QoS to different clients. The service level agreement (SLA) is used to classify services according to the service protection, as listed in Table 7-1. The rerouting time is related to various factors, such as the equipment type, number of services, available network resources, and network settings. Hence, the information in this table is provided as reference only. Table 7-1 Service level Service Diamond service Gold service Silver service Copper service Iron service Protection and Restoration Scheme Protection and restoration Implementation Means SNCP and rerouting Switching and Rerouting Time Switching time < 50ms Rerouting time < 2 s Protection and restoration MSP and rerouting Switching time < 50ms Rerouting time < 2 s Restoration No protection No restoration Preemptable MSP Rerouting Rerouting time < 2 s -
Table 7-2 lists details of the TE links used by ASON services. Table 7-2 TE links used by ASON services Service Level Working Resource of TE Link Not used Not used Protection Resource of TE Link Not used Used when the resource is not enough Not used Not used Non-Protection Resource of TE Link Used Used with the priority
Diam ond servic e
Service creation Service rerouting Service optimization
Not used Used with the priority
Used Used when the resource is not enough
Gold servic e
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Service Level
Working Resource of TE Link Used with the priority Used with the priority Not used Not used
Protection Resource of TE Link Used when the resource is not enough Not used Not used Used when the resource is not enough Not used Not used Not used Used with the priority Used with the priority
Non-Protection Resource of TE Link Used when the resource is not enough Used when the resource is not enough Used Used with the priority
Service rerouting Service optimization Silver servic e Service creation Service rerouting Service optimization Copp er servic e Iron servic e Service creation Service optimization Service creation Service optimization
Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used
Used Used Used Used when the resource is not enough Used when the resource is not enough
7.6 Diamond Services

Diamond services have the best protection ability. When there are enough resources in the network, diamond services provide a permanent 1+1 protection. Diamond services are applicable to voice and data services, VIP private line, such as banking, security and aviation. A diamond service is a service with 1+1 protection from the source node to the sink node. It is also called a 1+1 service. For a diamond service, there are two different LSPs available between the source node and the sink node. The two LSPs should be as separate as possible. One is the working LSP and the other is the protection LSP. The same service is transmitted to the working LSP and the protection LSP at the same time. If the working LSP is normal, the sink node receives the service from the working LSP; otherwise, from the protection LSP. Figure 7-7 shows a diamond service.
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Figure 7-7 Diamond Services

Working LSP
R1
D
R4
I F
A B
C H
R2
R3
Protection LSP :ASON NE :User equipment
There are three types of diamond services.

l l l
Permanent 1+1 diamond service: rerouting is triggered once an LSP fails. Rerouting 1+1 diamond service: rerouting is triggered only when both LSPs fail. Non-rerouting diamond service: rerouting is never triggered.
Table 7-3 lists the attributes of the permanent 1+1 diamond service. Table 7-4 lists the attributes of the rerouting 1+1 diamond service. Table 7-5 lists the attributes of the non-rerouting 1+1 diamond service. Table 7-3 Attributes of the permanent 1+1 diamond services Attribute Requirements for creation Protection and restoration Permanent 1+1 Diamond Service Sufficient non-protection resources are available between the source node and the sink node.
l
If the resources are sufficient, two LSPs are always available for a permanent 1+1 diamond service. One is the active LSP and the other is the standby LSP. If the resources are not sufficient, one LSP can still be reserved for a permanent 1+1 diamond service to ensure the service survivability. Supports rerouting lockout. Supports rerouting priority. Supports three rerouting policies:

Rerouting
l l l
Use existing trails whenever possible Do not use existing trails whenever possible Best route
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Attribute Revertive
Permanent 1+1 Diamond Service Supports Automatically Revertive, Non-Revertive, and Scheduled revertive.
l
After the automatically revertive diamond service is rerouted, the service is automatically reverted to the original path if the fault in the original path is rectified. After the scheduled revertive diamond service is rerouted, the user can set the service to be reverted to the original path at a specific future time (ranging from 10 minutes to 30 days) on the NMS if the fault in the original path is rectified. After the non-revertive diamond service is rerouted, the service is not reverted to the original route after the fault is rectified. Supports migration between diamond services and permanent SNCP connections. Supports migration between diamond services and gold services. Supports migration between diamond services and silver services. Supports migration between diamond services and copper services.
Service migration
l l
Service switching Service optimization Service association ASON server trail Alarms to trigger rerouting
Supports manual switching. Supports service optimization. Does not support service association. Support diamond ASON server trails. R_LOS, R_LOF, B2_EXC, B2_SD, MS_AIS, MS_RDI, AU_AIS, B3_EXC (can be set), B3_SD (can be set)
Table 7-4 Attributes of the rerouting 1+1 diamond service Attribute Requirements for creation Protection and restoration Rerouting 1+1 Diamond Service Sufficient non-protection resources are available between the source node and the sink node
l
When the standby LSP fails, services are not switched. Rerouting is not triggered. When the active LSP fails, services are switched to the standby LSP for transmission. Rerouting is not triggered. When both the active and the standby LSPs fail, rerouting is triggered to create a new LSP to restore services.
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Attribute Rerouting
Rerouting 1+1 Diamond Service

l l l
Supports rerouting lockout. Supports rerouting priority. Supports three rerouting policies:

Revertive
Supports Automatically Revertive, Non-Revertive, and Scheduled revertive.

l
After the automatically revertive diamond service is rerouted, the service is automatically reverted to the original path if the fault in the original path is rectified. After the scheduled revertive diamond service is rerouted, the user can set the service to be reverted to the original path at a specific future time (ranging from 10 minutes to 30 days) on the NMS if the fault in the original path is rectified. After the non-revertive diamond service is rerouted, the service is not reverted to the original route after the fault is rectified. Supports migration between diamond services and permanent SNCP connections. Supports migration between diamond services and gold services. Supports migration between diamond services and silver services. Supports migration between diamond services and copper services.
Service migration
l l l
Service switching Service optimization Service association ASON server trail Alarms to trigger rerouting
Supports manual switching. Supports service optimization. Does not support service association. Support diamond ASON server trails. R_LOS, R_LOF, B2_EXC, B2_SD, MS_AIS, MS_RDI, AU_AIS, B3_EXC (can be set), B3_SD (can be set)
Table 7-5 Attributes of the non-rerouting 1+1 diamond service Attribute Requirements for creation Non-rerouting 1+1 diamond service Sufficient non-protection resources are available between the source node and the sink node
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Attribute Protection and restoration
Non-rerouting 1+1 diamond service

l
When the active LSP fails, services are switched to the standby LSP for transmission. Rerouting is not triggered. When the standby LSP fails, services are not switched. Rerouting is not triggered. When both the active and the standby LSPs fail, rerouting is not triggered. Supports migration between diamond services and permanent SNCP connections. Supports migration between diamond services and gold services. Supports migration between diamond services and silver services. Supports migration between diamond services and copper services.
Service migration
l l l
Service switching Service optimization Service association ASON server trail
Supports manual switching. Supports service optimization. Does not support service association. Support diamond ASON server trails.
7.7 Gold Services

Gold services are applicable to voice and significant data services. Compared with diamond services, gold services have greater bandwidth utilization. A gold service needs only one LSP. This LSP must use working resource of TE links or nonprotection resource of TE links. When a fiber on the path of a gold service is cut, the ASON triggers MSP switching to protect the service at first. If the multiplex section protection fails, the ASON triggers rerouting to restore the service. As shown in Figure 7-8, a gold service can be configured from A to I.
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7 ASON Features
Figure 7-8 Gold services
R1
D A
R4
E F C
MSP
I
MSP
B
MSP
G
R2
R3
:ASON NE :User equipment
Table 7-6 lists the attributes of gold services. Table 7-6 Attributes of gold services Attribute Requirements for creation Multiplex section protection Gold Service Sufficient working resources or non-protection resources are available between the source node and the sink node.
l
Supports using the working resources of a 1:1 linear multiplex section protection chain to create gold services. Supports using the working resources of a 1+1 linear multiplex section protection chain to create gold services. Supports using the working resources of a 1:N linear multiplex section protection chain to create gold services. Supports using the working resources of a two-fiber bidirectional multiplex section protection ring to create gold services. Supports using the working resources of a four-fiber bidirectional multiplex section protection ring to create gold services.
Protection and restoration
When a fiber is cut for the first time, MS switching is performed to protect services. When MS switching fails, rerouting is then triggered to restore services.
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Rerouting
l l l

Revertive

l
After the automatically revertive gold service is rerouted, the service is automatically reverted to the original path if the fault in the original path is rectified. After the scheduled revertive gold service is rerouted, the user can set the service to be reverted to the original path at a specific future time (ranging from 10 minutes to 30 days) on the NMS if the fault in the original path is rectified. After the non-revertive gold service is rerouted, the service is not reverted to the original route after the fault is rectified.
Preset restoring trail Service migration
Supports setting the preset restoring trail.

l
Supports migration between permanent connections and gold services. Supports migration between gold services and diamond services. Supports migration between gold services and silver services. Supports migration between gold services and copper services.
l l
Service switching Service optimization ASON server trail Alarms to trigger rerouting
Supports manual switching. Supports service optimization. Supports gold ASON server trails. R_LOS, R_LOF, B2_EXC, B2_SD, MS_AIS, MS_RDI, AU_AIS, B3_EXC (can be set), B3_SD (can be set)
7.8 Silver Services

Silver services, the revertive time is hundreds of milliseconds to several seconds. The silver level service is suitable for those data or internet services that have low real-time requirement. Silver services are also called rerouting services. When an LSP failure, the ASON triggers rerouting to restore the service. If there are not enough resources, service may be interrupted. As shown in Figure 7-9, A-B-G-H-I is a silver service trail. If the fiber between B and G is cut, the ASON triggers rerouting from A to create a new LSP that does not pass the cut fiber. Hence, services are protected.
7 ASON Features
Figure 7-9 A silver service
R1
D A B C
E LSP after rerouting I F
R4
R2
Original LSP
R3
: ASON NE : User equipment
Table 7-7 lists the attributes of silver services. Table 7-7 Attributes of silver services Attribute Requirements for creation Service restoration Rerouting Silver Services Sufficient non-protection resources are available between the source node and the sink node. When the original LSP fails, rerouting is triggered to create a new LSP to restore services.
l l l

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Revertive

l
After the automatically revertive silver service is rerouted, the service is automatically reverted to the original path if the fault in the original path is rectified. After the scheduled revertive silver service is rerouted, the user can set the service to be reverted to the original path at a specific future time (ranging from 10 minutes to 30 days) on the NMS if the fault in the original path is rectified. After the non-revertive silver service is rerouted, the service is not reverted to the original route after the fault is rectified.
Preset restoring trail Shared mesh restoration trail Service migration
Supports setting the preset restoring trail. Supports setting the shared mesh restoration trial for revertive silver trials.
l
Supports migration between permanent connections and silver services. Supports migration between diamond services and silver services. Supports migration between gold services and silver services. Supports migration between silver services and copper services. Supports service optimization. If a revertive silver service reroutes, it cannot be optimized before reverting to its original route.
l l
Service optimization
l l
Service association ASON server trail Alarms to trigger rerouting
Supports service association. Supports silver ASON server trails. R_LOS, R_LOF, B2_EXC, B2_SD, MS_AIS, MS_RDI, AU_AIS, B3_EXC (can be set), B3_SD (can be set)
7.9 Copper Services

The copper services are seldom used. Generally, temporary services, such as the abrupt services in holidays, are configured as copper services. Copper services are also called non-protection services. If an LSP fails, services do not reroute and are interrupted. Table 7-8 lists the attributes of copper services. Table 7-8 Attributes of copper services Attribute Requirements for creation
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Copper Service Sufficient non-protection resources are available between the source node and the sink node.
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Attribute Service restoration Service migration
Copper Service Does not support rerouting.

l l l l
Supports migration between copper services and traditional services. Supports migration between copper services and diamond services. Supports migration between copper services and gold services. Supports migration between copper services and silver services.
Service optimization Service association ASON server trail
Supports service optimization. Supports service association. Supports ASON server trails.
7.10 Iron Services

The iron services are also seldom used. Generally, temporary services are configured as iron services. For example, when service volume soars, during holidays, the services can be configured as iron services to fully use the bandwidth resources. An iron service is also called a preemptable service. Iron services apply non-protection resources or protection resources of the TE link to create LSPs. When an LSP fails, services are interrupted and rerouting is not triggered.
l
When the iron service uses the protection resources of the TE link, if the MS switching occurs, the iron service is preempted and the service is interrupted. After the MS is recovered, the iron service is restored. The interruption, preemption and restoration of the iron service are all reported to the T2000. When the iron service uses the non-protection resources, if the network resources are insufficient, the iron service may be preempted by the rerouted silver service or diamond service. Thus, the service is interrupted.
Table 7-9 lists the attributes of iron service. Table 7-9 Attributes of iron services Attribute Requirements for creation Multiplex section protection Iron Service Sufficient protection resources or non-protection resources are available between the source node and the sink node. To create iron services, the following resources can be used:
l l l l
Protection resources of 1:1 linear MSP Protection resources of 1:N linear MSP Protection resources of two-fiber bidirectional MSP Protection resources of four-fiber bidirectional MSP
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Attribute Service restoration Service migration Service optimization
Iron Service Does not support rerouting. Supports migration between iron services and extra permanent connections. Supports service optimization.
7.11 Tunnels
Tunnels are mainly used to carry VC-12 or VC-3 services. Tunnels are also called as ASON server trails. When lower order services are to be created, first create a VC-4 tunnel. The protection level for the tunnel can be diamond, gold, silver or copper. Then, use the management system to complete the configuration of the lower order service. See Figure 7-10. Figure 7-10 Tunnel
VC4 tunnel
VC12 service R4
R1
R3
R2 : ASON NE ASON domain : User equipment
The configuration of a tunnel is different from that of the above-mentioned service types. Its cross-connection from the tributary board to the line board can only be configured manually. As shown in Figure 7-11, there is a tunnel between NE1 and NE2 which can be a diamond ASON server trail, a gold ASON server trail, silver ASON server trail or copper ASON server trail. During service creation, the ASON automatically chooses the line boards of NE1 and NE2 and the timeslots of the line boards. After creating tunnels, you must manually create and delete the lower order cross-connection from the tributary board to the line board. During rerouting or optimization of the tunnels,
7 ASON Features
however, the cross-connections at the source and sink nodes automatically switch to the new ports.
NOTE
In addition, the end-to-end tunnel and lower order service can be created.
Figure 7-11 Lower cross-connection
VC12 NE1 Crossconnection VC12 Tributary unit
ASON server trail VC4 NE2
VC12
Line unit
Table 7-10 lists the attributes of tunnels. Table 7-10 Attributes of tunnels Attribute Requireme nts for creation Service restoration Rerouting Diamond Tunnel Same as diamond services Same as diamond services
l
Gold Tunnel Same as gold services Same as gold services

l
Silver Tunnel Same as silver services Same as silver services

l
Copper Tunnel Same as copper services Does not support rerouting Does not support rerouting
Supports rerouting lockout. Supports rerouting priority.
Revertive Preconfigurati on of restoring route Service association

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Supported Supported
Supported Supported
Supported Supported
Not supported Not supported
Not supported
Not supported
Supported
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Attribute Service migration
Diamond Tunnel
l l l l l l l
Gold Tunnel
Silver Tunnel
Copper Tunnel
Supports migration between tunnel services and permanent connections. Supports migration between diamond tunnels and gold tunnels. Supports migration between diamond tunnels and silver tunnels. Supports migration between diamond tunnels and copper tunnels. Supports migration between silver tunnels and copper tunnels. Supports migration between gold tunnels and silver tunnels. Supports migration between gold tunnels and copper tunnels.
Service optimizatio n Tunnel level
Supports service optimization.
VC-4
7.12 Service Association

The service association can be used to associate the same service accessed from different points into the ASON network. Service association involves associating two ASON services that have different routes. During the rerouting or optimization of either service, the rerouting service avoids the route of the associated service. Service association is mainly used for services (dual-source) accessed from two points. As shown in Figure 7-12, D-E-I and A-B-G-H are two associated LSPs. When the fiber between B and G is cut, the rerouting of the A-B-G-H LSP avoids the D-E-I LSP. Figure 7-12 Service association
R1 1+1 protection
E D A B C H G
R4 I F 1+1 protection
R2
R3 : ASON NE : User equipment
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Table 7-11 lists the attributes of service association. Table 7-11 Attributes of service association Attribute Service creation Service optimization Rerouting Service type Service Association Supports the creation of the associated services with the same source node. Supports optimization of associated services. When one service reroutes, it avoids the route of the associated service.
l l l l l l
Supports the association of two silver services. Supports association of two copper services. Supports the association of a silver service and a copper service. Supports the association of two silver tunnels. Supports the association of two copper tunnels. Supports the association of a silver tunnel and a copper tunnel.
7.13 Service Optimization

After the topology changes several times, the ASON may have less satisfactory routes and thus requires service optimization. Service optimization involves creating a new LSP, switching the optimized service to the new LSP, and deleting the original LSP to change and optimize the service without disrupting the service. Of course, the service route can be restricted during the service optimization. LSP optimization has the following features.
l l l l
Only manual optimization is supported. The optimization does not change the protection level of the optimized service. During optimization, rerouting, downgrade/upgrade, or deleting operations are not allowed. During creation, rerouting, downgrading/upgrading, starting or deleting operations, optimization is not allowed. The following service types support optimization: diamond, gold, silver, copper and tunnel services.
7.14 Service Migration

OptiX GCP supports the conversion between ASON services, and between ASON services and traditional services. The service conversion is in-service conversion, which would not interrupt the services.
Service Migration between ASON Trails and Permanent Connections

Currently, Huawei's OptiX GCP supports:

l l l l l l
7 ASON Features
Migration between diamond services and permanent SNCP connections Migration between gold services and permanent connections Migration between silver services and permanent connections Migration between copper services and permanent connections Migration between iron services and permanent connections Migration between tunnel services and server trail.
Service Migration between ASON Trails

Currently, Huawei's OptiX GCP supports:
l l
Migration between a diamond, a gold, silver, copper service Migration between a diamond, a gold, silver, copper tunnels
7.15 Reverting Services to Original Routes

After many changes in an ASON network, service routes may differ from the original routes. You can revert all service to the original routes. Generally, the route during ASON service creation is the original route of the ASON service. If the original route recovers after rerouting of the ASON services, the services can be adjusted to the original route manually.
7.16 Preset Restoring Trail

Customers may require that the services route to a specified trail in the case of trail failure. To this end, the OptiX GCP provides the function of presetting the trail for restoration. This function helps increase the controllability of service routing. The OptiX GCP supports setting a preset restoring trail for a diamond/silver/gold ASON trail. When the ASON trail reroutes, the service is restored to the preset restoring trail firstly.
7.17 Shared Mesh Restoration Trail

For a revertive silver service, a restoration trail can be reserved. In the case of rerouting, the silver service reroutes to the reserved restoration trail. Such a restoration trail is called a shared mesh restoration trail. When a service configured with the shared mesh restoration trail reroutes, the service uses the resources on this trail with priority. If all resources on the shared mesh restoration trail are usable, these resources are used for service restoration. If only partial resources on the shared mesh restoration trail are usable, these resources are used with priority for computation of a restoration trail. The other resources may be faulty or used by other services that share the trail. As shown in Figure 7-13, the shared mesh restoration trail for two revertive silver services share the TE link and timeslots between G and H. When the revertive silver service 1 (A-B-C) reroutes, the service directly reroutes to the shared mesh restoration trail 1 (A-G-H-C). When the revertive silver service 2 (D-E-F) reroutes, the service directly reroutes to the shared mesh restoration trail 2 (D-G-H-F). If both silver services reroute, only one of them can reroute to the shared mesh restoration trail, for the two restoration trails share the TE link and timeslots between G and H.
7 ASON Features
Figure 7-13 Shared mesh restoration trail

Revertive silver service 1 A B C
Share MESH restoration trail 1 G Share MESH restoration trail 2 H
D Revertive silver service 2
Features of the Shared Mesh Restoration Trail

The shared mesh restoration trail has the following features.
l l l
Only the revertive silver service can be configured with the shared mesh restoration trail. A shared mesh restoration trail cannot be set to concatenation services at different levels. For a silver service configured with the shared mesh restoration trail, the revertive attribute cannot be changed. The resources on a shared mesh restoration trail can only be the unprotected resources of TE links. For a silver service configured with the shared mesh restoration trail, do not set the preset restoration trail.
Differences Between Shared Mesh Restoration Trail and Preset Restoration Trail
The shared mesh restoration trail and the preset restoration trail have the following differences.
l
For a preset restoration trail, only route information of the trail is recorded and no resources are actually reserved. In this way, the resources for a preset restoration trail may be used by other services. When the service reroutes, the preset restoration trail cannot be used. For a shared mesh restoration trail, resources are actually reserved. The reserved resources cannot be used by other services. In this way, services can be restored with the best effort. In addition, to increase the resource utilization, the shared mesh restoration trails for different services can share some resources.
7.18 Shared Risk Link Group

In the ASON network, the SRLG needs to be set when a group of optical fibers are in one cable. The SRLG is the shared risk link group. Fibers in the same optical cable have the same risks, that is, when the cable is cut, all fibers are cut. Hence, an ASON service should not be rerouted to another link that has the same risk.
7 ASON Features
Hence, the SRLG needs to be correctly set for the links sharing the same risk in the network so as to avoid that the LSP after rerouting of the ASON services and the faulty link share the same risk and to shorten the service restoration time during ASON service rerouting. You can change the SRLG attribute.
7.19 Amalgamation of ASON and LCAS

The ASON supports amalgamation of ASON and LCAS.
LCAS
LCAS is Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme. With LCAS enabled, the bandwidth of VCTRUNK can be adjusted dynamically without affecting services. As shown in Figure 7-14, VCTRUNK1 is bound with four VC4s, with two transmitted over path 1 and two over path 2. If the VC4 in path 1 fails, the two VC4s in path 2 will transmit all Ethernet service without affecting the service of VCTRUNK1. You can add VC4 on either path if necessary. Figure 7-14 LCAS (different path)
Path 1
VCTRUNK1 Router A
NE1 NE2
Router B
Path 2
If these VC4s are transmitted over a path, adding/deleting VC4 will not affect the service. As shown in Figure 7-15, VCTRUNK1 is bound with four VC4s. If the first VC4 fails, the Ethernet service remains unaffected. Figure 7-15 LCAS (same path)
VCTRUNK1
NE1
NE2
Router A
Router B
ASON Trail Group

An ASON trail group associates all member trails for the same LCAS service within one LSP group. These member trails then can be added, deleted or modified. To provide virtual services with the error tolerance ability, these member trails must be as separate as possible. Each ASON trail group is identified by an ID. The ASON NE allocates an ID to each ASON trail group. The member trails within an ASON trail share the same source and sink. The trails must also be as separated as possible.
8 Configuration and Networking
8
About This Chapter
Configuration and Networking
This chapter describes the equipment configuration and typical networking application of the OptiX OSN 9500. 8.1 Equipment Configuration This topic describes the basic principles of configuring the OptiX OSN 9500 equipment. 8.2 Typical Networking Application This topic describes the typical networking application of the OptiX OSN 9500 in the case of different network topologies and service types.
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8.1 Equipment Configuration

This topic describes the basic principles of configuring the OptiX OSN 9500 equipment. Equipment configuration refers to configuring the equipment based on the networking requirement and equipment functions. The OptiX OSN 9500 is configured according to the following principles:
l
The total number of slots is fixed. The access capacity is different for the slots of various interface boards. You can configure the equipment according to the requirements to use the slot resource completely. The STM-1/STM-4 service supports the linear multiplex section protection (MSP) instead of the ring MSP. The OptiX OSN 9500 equipment plays an essential role in the communication network. For this reason, hot backup schemes should be adopted to protect certain key boards (for example, the GXCH, EXCH, GXCL, EXCL, JSTG, and JPIU board).
Table 8-1 lists the basic board configuration resources. Table 8-1 Board configuration resources Board D64E/D64D L64E/JL64 F64E/F64D O16E/O16D Q16E/JQ16 D16E/JD16 L16E/JL16 L16L/L16V JH41 JLQ4 JLH1 JLHE EGT6/EGT6A GE06 EGTH EGS8 EAS1
Remarks Optional boards.
Board GXCH EXCH GXCL EXCL JSCC ESCC JSTG JSTI JEOW JCOM JPIU EMPU JPBU JFAN JDCU JBPA JBA2
Remarks Mandatory boards. You can select either the GXCH or EXCH board, not both of them. The 1+1 hot backup is provided for protection. Optional boards. You can select either the GXCH or EXCH board, not both of them. The 1+1 hot backup is provided for protection. Mandatory boards. You can select either the GXCH or EXCH board, not both of them. The 1+1 warm backup is provided for protection. Mandatory board. The 1+1 hot backup is provided for protection. Optional board. Optional board. Mandatory board. Mandatory board. The 1+1 hot backup is provided for protection. Mandatory board. Mandatory board. Mandatory board. Optional board. Optional board. Optional board.
8.2 Typical Networking Application

This topic describes the typical networking application of the OptiX OSN 9500 in the case of different network topologies and service types. 8.2.1 Networking Topology Structure The OptiX OSN 9500 integrates the functions of MADM and DXC in one subrack. The OptiX OSN 9500 has powerful cross-connect capability, comprehensive interface functions, and sophisticated and advanced software, which endow it with good adaptation to complex network structure. 8.2.2 Networking for Multi-Granularity Service Grooming, Service Convergence and Bandwidth Switching The OptiX OSN 9500 can provide the networking application of the multi-granularity service grooming and service convergence functions. 8.2.3 Networking Application of Ethernet Services The networking application of Ethernet services includes point-to-point networking for the GE service, Layer 2 switching networking for the GE service, transparent transmission networking for the GE service, and networking for convergence of multiple GE services to a 10xGE service.
8.2.4 Networking with SDH Equipment to Be the Metropolitan Backbone Node The OptiX OSN 9500 node features powerful service grooming capability, lower cost, and stronger survivability. It can simplify the networking topology and can be deployed in a hybrid network together with the OptiX OSN 3500, OptiX 2500+ (Metro 3000) or OptiX 10G (Metro 5000) product. Working with the end-to-end trail management function of the OptiX iManager T2000, the OptiX OSN 9500 can be operated and maintained in simpler and more convenient manner. 8.2.5 Networking with DWDM Equipment to Be the Supertrunk Backbone Node The OptiX OSN 9500 can work with the OptiX BWS 320 and the OptiX BWS 1600 to increase the regenerator-free span-crossing distance and to lower the cost of investment.
8.2.1 Networking Topology Structure

The OptiX OSN 9500 integrates the functions of MADM and DXC in one subrack. The OptiX OSN 9500 has powerful cross-connect capability, comprehensive interface functions, and sophisticated and advanced software, which endow it with good adaptation to complex network structure. As a large-capacity switch of optical network bandwidth, the OptiX OSN 9500 is applicable to various network topologies, such as point-to-point, chain, ring, hub and mesh networks. Therefore, the OptiX OSN 9500 has a flexible capability to form a network. The chain, ring and mesh networks are the basic network topologies. A variety of complex network topologies can be derived from these basic network topologies in actual applications. Table 8-2 lists the logical network mode of the OptiX OSN 9500 product. Table 8-2 Network topology No . 1 Topology Type Chain Topology
Ring
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No . 3
Topology Type Tangent rings
Topology
Intersecting rings
Ring with chain
Dualnode interconnecti on (DNI)
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No . 7
Topology Type Hub
Topology
Mesh
OptiX OSN 9500
Legends:
The mesh network uses the bandwidth most efficiently, improving robustness of the whole network. With powerful cross-connect and access capability, the OptiX OSN 9500 supports signals at various rates and networking application of multiple rings. It can support up to 36 x STM-64 two-fiber rings or 18 x STM-64 four-fiber rings, or 144 x STM-16 two-fiber rings or 72 x STM-16 four-fiber rings. The following sections describe the typical networking of the OptiX OSN 9500 on the metropolitan backbone nodes, (which functions essential service grooming) instead of the common or simple networking of the equipment.
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8.2.2 Networking for Multi-Granularity Service Grooming, Service Convergence and Bandwidth Switching
The OptiX OSN 9500 can provide the networking application of the multi-granularity service grooming and service convergence functions. Figure 8-1 shows the networking application of the multi-granularity service grooming and service convergence functions of the OptiX OSN 9500. The OptiX OSN 9500 implements the large-capacity grooming of STM-64, STM-16, STM-4, STM-1 services. The OptiX OSN 9500 can form a hybrid network with different equipment such as MADM, ADM, and MSTP. Figure 8-1 Networking configuration of the OptiX OSN 9500 performing multi-granularity service grooming and service convergence
Central Office
iManager T2000/T2100
OptiX OSN 9500
Router
MSTP
ADM
MADM
DWDM
8.2.3 Networking Application of Ethernet Services

The networking application of Ethernet services includes point-to-point networking for the GE service, Layer 2 switching networking for the GE service, transparent transmission networking for the GE service, and networking for convergence of multiple GE services to a 10xGE service.
Point-to-Point Networking for the GE Service

A large and flexible bandwidth is required by Internet service provider (ISP) and application service provider (ASP) for efficient service connection. The OptiX OSN 9500 provides a direct
GE service interface. Therefore, the point-to-point transmission of the Ethernet services over a long distance can be realized over the SDH networks. Figure 8-2 shows the flexible networking modes of the OptiX OSN 9500. The network can be a chain, a ring, a mesh network or a combination of these three modes. Figure 8-2 Point-to-point connection of the GE service
Router OptiX OSN 9500 Point to point connection path
Layer 2 Switching Networking for the GE Service

The OptiX OSN 9500 equipment provides the Layer 2 switching boards to achieve the Layer 2 switching from a GE service to a GE service.
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Figure 8-3 Layer 2 switching networking for the GE service

GE access
GE access
GE access
OptiX OSN 9500
Router
Transparent Transmission Networking for the GE Service

The Layer 2 switching boards of the OptiX OSN 9500 equipment can transparently transmit the GE service. Moreover, it can be directly accessed to a router. Figure 8-4 Transparent transmission of GE services
N*GE
N*GE
OptiX OSN 9500
Networking for Convergence of Multiple GE Services to a 10xGE Service

The Layer 2 switching boards of the OptiX OSN 9500 equipment can be used to converge multiple GE services to a 10GE service. After the service is transmitted out from the 10xGE interface, the Layer 2 switching boards can be directly interconnected to the P/PE router.
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Figure 8-5 Converging multiple GE services to a 10xGE service

PE Router
10GE N*GE
N*GE
OptiX OSN 9500 Router
N*GE
8.2.4 Networking with SDH Equipment to Be the Metropolitan Backbone Node

The OptiX OSN 9500 node features powerful service grooming capability, lower cost, and stronger survivability. It can simplify the networking topology and can be deployed in a hybrid network together with the OptiX OSN 3500, OptiX 2500+ (Metro 3000) or OptiX 10G (Metro 5000) product. Working with the end-to-end trail management function of the OptiX iManager T2000, the OptiX OSN 9500 can be operated and maintained in simpler and more convenient manner. Figure 8-6 shows the network that involves the OptiX OSN 9500, the OptiX 10G MADMs, and the OptiX 2.5G MADMs. The abundant service interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500 meet the demand for grooming services in the metropolitan backbone network. The OptiX OSN 9500 can access the STM-64, STM-16, STM-4, STM-1, GE or 10GE services. The OptiX OSN 9500 can work with other SDH products of Huawei to form multiple MADMs.
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Figure 8-6 Network of the OptiX OSN 9500 combined with the OptiX 10G and OptiX 2.5G MADMs
STM-64 bidirectional MSP ring
OptiX OSN 9500
Other Huawei SDH product
8.2.5 Networking with DWDM Equipment to Be the Supertrunk Backbone Node

The OptiX OSN 9500 can work with the OptiX BWS 320 and the OptiX BWS 1600 to increase the regenerator-free span-crossing distance and to lower the cost of investment. Figure 8-7 shows the network that involves the OptiX OSN 9500 and the DWDM equipment. Figure 8-7 Networking application of the OptiX OSN 9500 and the DWDM equipment
OptiX OSN 9500
DWDM
ADM
OLA
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9 Protection
9
About This Chapter
Protection
This chapter describes the equipment-level protection, network-level protection and clock protection of the OptiX OSN 9500. 9.1 Equipment-Level Protection This topic describes the equipment-level protection scheme of the OptiX OSN 9500. 9.2 Network-Level Protection This topic describes the network-level protection scheme of the OptiX OSN 9500. 9.3 Clock Synchronization Protection This topic describes the clock protection of the OptiX OSN 9500, in terms of the protection principle and compliant protocols.
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9 Protection
9.1 Equipment-Level Protection

This topic describes the equipment-level protection scheme of the OptiX OSN 9500. The following sections describe the equipment-level protection schemes of the OptiX OSN 9500. 9.1.1 Hot Backup 1+1 Redundancy Protection for Key Functional Modules The OptiX OSN 9500 protects the key functional modules in a hot-backup redundancy manner. When the working board fails, the system automatically switches the services that are preset to be protected to the protection board. This working/protection scheme is called the 1+1 hot backup mode. 9.1.2 Protection Against Abnormal Conditions The protection against abnormal conditions includes maintenance alarm for abnormality, power supply protection, protection on CPU power-off and software reset, power failure resuming protection and break-point resuming protection, and software upgrading protection. 9.1.3 Data Security The OptiX OSN 9500 ensures data security by performing the unified management over the data, data check function, hierarchical protection function, and periodical backup function.
9.1.1 Hot Backup 1+1 Redundancy Protection for Key Functional Modules
The OptiX OSN 9500 protects the key functional modules in a hot-backup redundancy manner. When the working board fails, the system automatically switches the services that are preset to be protected to the protection board. This working/protection scheme is called the 1+1 hot backup mode. The OptiX OSN 9500 supports the equipment-level service protection for the following functional modules:
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1+1 hot backup for the GXCH and EXCH boards 1+1 hot backup for the GXCL and EXCL boards 1+1 hot backup for the JSTG board 1+1 warm backup for the JSCC and ESCC boards The DLAG protection for the EGS8 and EAS1 boards 1+1 hot backup for the JPIU board The JPBU board supports the centralized backup for the line board, the JCOM board, the JEOW board, and the power module of the optical power amplifying board. The power supply system supports two 48V/60V DC working power inputs that are of mutual backup. The equipment can still work normally when either of the two external power inputs fails.
9.1.2 Protection Against Abnormal Conditions

The protection against abnormal conditions includes maintenance alarm for abnormality, power supply protection, protection on CPU power-off and software reset, power failure resuming protection and break-point resuming protection, and software upgrading protection.

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Maintenance alarm for abnormality
When the system is abnormal, and when the hardware or software has detected the abnormality, an alarm is generated to notify the network monitoring terminal.
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Power supply protection
The equipment provides protection against reverse polarity for the power supply. Moreover, some devices are provided on the JPIU board for protection against overvoltage, undervoltage and lightning. As a result, any possible abnormities can be prevented from damaging the system and the power supply. The system provides all the boards with active and standby -48V voltages and provides undervoltage protection to minimize service interruption caused by the damage of board power module. The system can also detect the ambient working temperature and voltage information of the boards through the MBUS unit. Except for the JPIU board, all other boards are hot-swappable and powered by high-frequency power modules in an effective and reliable manner. Moreover, these boards have the overcurrent and overvoltage protection function.
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Protection on CPU power-off and software reset
The static random access memory (SRAM) database or FLASH database is used to provide backup for the program and data files of application software, so the exact program and data can be recovered from the backup database after CPU power failure or software reset.
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Power failure resuming protection and break-point resuming protection
The basic input/output system (BIOS) of the board is write protected, that is, no modification is allowed. The program and data files of application software, which can be loaded on-line, have the check function to avoid incorrect data transmission. When the software loading process is interrupted, the software waits to be loaded in break-point resuming mode.
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Software upgrading protection
Two copies of NE software are stored in the system control & communication (SCC) board. Therefore, the software of a new version can be loaded without affecting the running of the current software. The software of the old version is replaced by the software of the new version after it is confirmed correct. This replacement does not affect the preset configuration information or the services in the NE equipment. The software of the old version continues to function if it fails to be upgraded.
9.1.3 Data Security

The OptiX OSN 9500 ensures data security by performing the unified management over the data, data check function, hierarchical protection function, and periodical backup function.
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The security is improved by adopting the database module to perform unified management over the data. Both the database and database files have their own data check function. The database files are provided with hierarchical protection according to the importance of the data. Therefore, the errors in the lower-level database do not affect the higher-level database. One backup database is provided in the SRAM, and two backup databases (namely, fdb0 and fdb1) are provided in the flash memory. The two backup databases are mutually
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protected in the flash memory. Moreover, they are backed up every 30 minutes in the SRAM.
9.2 Network-Level Protection

This topic describes the network-level protection scheme of the OptiX OSN 9500. The OptiX OSN 9500 features excellent self-healing network protection. It provides multiple protection schemes at the SDH layer upon optical fiber cut, line board damage or node failure. The OptiX OSN 9500 supports the following protection schemes stated in ITU-T Recommendation and other international standards:
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1+1 or 1:N (N 14) linear multiplex section protection (MSP) Self-healing ring protection (two-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring, two-fiber unidirectional MS dedicated protection ring, four-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring, and transoceanic MSP ring. Two-fiber ring and four-fiber ring can be formed in the STM-64 and STM-16 services Inter-ring and interconnection service protection in DNI mode Subnet connection protection (SNCP) and subnet connection tunneling protection (SNCTP) Mesh networking and rerouting protection
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The following sections describe various network-level protection schemes of the OptiX OSN 9500. 9.2.1 Linear MSP The OptiX OSN 9500 supports both 1+1 and 1:N (N 14) linear MSP protection schemes. The switching time is less than 50 ms, which meets the requirement stated in ITU-T Recommendation.. 9.2.2 Self-Healing Ring Protection A self-healing ring is of the ring network type. The self-healing rings supported by the OptiX OSN 9500 are the two-fiber unidirectional MS protection ring, two-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring, four-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring, and transoceanic MSP ring. The transoceanic MSP ring is a self-healing ring based on the two-fiber and four-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection rings. 9.2.3 Inter-Ring Interconnection Service Protection The inter-ring interconnection service can be classified into two modes: single node interconnection (SNI) and dual node interconnection (DNI). 9.2.4 Subnet Connection Protection and Subnet Connection Tunneling Protection The OptiX OSN 9500 features powerful higher order cross-connect and overhead processing capability, which helps realize SNCP. 9.2.5 Mesh Networking and Rerouting Protection The mesh network solves the node bottleneck and failure. Multiple routes are available between two nodes, thus providing high reliability. The switching time is less than a few seconds.
9.2.1 Linear MSP

The OptiX OSN 9500 supports both 1+1 and 1:N (N 14) linear MSP protection schemes. The switching time is less than 50 ms, which meets the requirement stated in ITU-T Recommendation..
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Table 9-1 lists the linear MSP parameters. Table 9-1 Linear MSP parameters Protection Type 1+1 singleended switching 1+1 singleended switching 1+1 dualended switching 1+1 dualended switching 1:N dualended switching (N 14) Revertive Mode Nonrevertive Revertive Switching Protocol Not required Not required APS protocol APS protocol APS protocol Switching Time 50 ms Default WTR Time Switching Condition Any of the following conditions triggers the switching: l R_LOS
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50 ms
600s
Nonrevertive Revertive
50 ms
R_LOF MS_AIS B2_EXC B2_SD (optional) Forced switching Manual switching Exercise switching
50 ms
600s
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Revertive
50 ms
600s
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9.2.2 Self-Healing Ring Protection

A self-healing ring is of the ring network type. The self-healing rings supported by the OptiX OSN 9500 are the two-fiber unidirectional MS protection ring, two-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring, four-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring, and transoceanic MSP ring. The transoceanic MSP ring is a self-healing ring based on the two-fiber and four-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection rings.
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Two-fiber unidirectional MS protection ring A two-fiber unidirectional MS protection ring is also called an MS dedicated protection ring. It consists of two optical fibers. One fiber (S) forms the working ring to transmit service signals, and the other fiber (P) forms a dedicated protection ring to transmit service signals in the opposite direction. A ring network is protected on the basis of MS. That is, the service is switched depending on the quality of MS signals. Service signals between two nodes are transmitted unidirectionally. Normally, a service is carried on the working ring. It is, however, switched to the protection ring if a fault occurs. The switching time is less than 50 ms. The advantage of a two-fiber MSP ring lies in that the standby fiber can be used to transmit the extra service, thus enlarging transmission capacity of the ring network to up to 2STMN. The standby fiber (P) is in an absolutely idle status because no service signals are carried
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on it. The extra service transmitted on this protection ring actually expands the transmission capacity of the ring.
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Two-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring A two-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring is also called a MSP shared protection ring. It contains two fibers. Each fiber uses half of its capacity for the service, and another half for protecting the working path of another fiber in the opposite direction. Service signals between two nodes are transmitted bidirectionally. A ring network is protected on the basis of MS. Normally, service signals are transmitted in the ring network formed by the working path that contains two fibers. If the network fails, the services are switched from the working path to the protection path of another fiber. The switching time in a two-fiber protection ring composed of the OptiX OSN 9500 is less than 50 ms, meeting the requirement of ITUT Recommendation. The most outstanding advantage of a two-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring is that the timeslots can be re-used, which increases the transmission capacity of the ring up to k/2STM-N (k is the total number of nodes on the ring network). Moreover, the protection paths can be used to transmit extra services. Normally, the protection paths P1 and P2 are idle and they can be used to transmit extra services. A two-fiber bidirectional MS protection ring is especially suitable to configure a network with decentralized traffic flows. That is, the traffic flows between nodes (especially between adjacent nodes) are dense and evenly distributed in the ring network.
Four-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring A four-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring consists of four fibers: S1, S2, P1 and P2. The first two fibers form the working ring and the latter two form the protection ring (in the same or opposite direction). Service signals between two points are transmitted bidirectionally. The MS is taken as the basis for the ring network protection. Normally, a service is transmitted on the working ring. When a fault occurs, the service is switched from the working fiber to the protection fiber. The switching time is less than 50 ms. A four-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring has the following three advantages:
The timeslots can be re-used to increase the transmission capacity up to k x STM-N. The k is the total number of nodes on the ring. Extra traffic can be transmitted over the protection fibers P1 and P2. Span protection scheme is supported by the ring network.
Transoceanic MSP ring A transoceanic MSP ring can be a two-fiber bi-directional shared MSP ring or a four-fiber bidirectional shared MSP ring. When the network fails, the ring path is switched between the source and sink nodes of the service rather than on two adjacent nodes of the failed node to avoid multiple transoceanic events of the services, which increase the delay of transmission in the long-haul transmission network (for example, the marine system). The switching time is 0300 ms.
Table 9-2 lists the MSP ring parameters.
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Table 9-2 MSP ring parameters Protection Type Two-fiber bidirectional MSP Revertive Mode Revertive Switching Mode
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Switchi ng Time 50 ms
Default WTR Time 600s
Switching Condition Any of the following conditions triggers the switching: l R_LOS
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Forced switching Manual switching Exercise switching Forced switching Manual switching Exercise switching Forced switching ring Manual switching ring Exercise switching ring Forced switching span Manual switching span Exercise switching span
Two-fiber unidirectiona l MSP
Revertive
50 ms
600s
R_LOF MS_AIS B2_EXC B2_SD Forced switching Manual switching Exercise switching
Four-fiber bidirectional MSP
Revertive
50 ms
600s
9.2.3 Inter-Ring Interconnection Service Protection

The inter-ring interconnection service can be classified into two modes: single node interconnection (SNI) and dual node interconnection (DNI). In the DNI mode, the OptiX OSN 9500 provides a fully ITU-T G.842-compliant protection for the inter-ring interconnection service. The DNI has an advantage of protecting the traffic crossing from one ring to the other, and especially for the node failure.
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9.2.4 Subnet Connection Protection and Subnet Connection Tunneling Protection

The OptiX OSN 9500 features powerful higher order cross-connect and overhead processing capability, which helps realize SNCP. In addition, the OptiX OSN 9500 supports SNCTP. In the network, an end-to-end higher order VC-4 path of an NE can be specified, and the working and protection paths can be configured. As a result, the 1+1 protection of a service is achieved. When the working path fails, the service is automatically switched to the protection path. The switching time is less than 50 ms. Therefore, the service is quickly protected. Table 9-3 lists the SNCP parameters of the OptiX OSN 9500. Table 9-3 SNCP parameters Protectio n Type SNCP Revertive Mode Revertive Switching Time 50 ms Default WTR Time 600s Switching Conditions (Any of the following alarms triggers the switching) LP_UNEQ (the default switching condition) Any of the following alarms triggers the SNCP switching at the VC-4 level: l R_LOS
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R_LOF R_LOC MS_AIS B2_EXC AU_AIS AU_LOP B3_EXC (Optional) B3_SD (Optional) HP_UNEQ (Optional) HP_TIM (Optional)
Any of the following alarms triggers the SNCP switching at the VC-3 level: l TU_LOP
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TU_AIS B3_EXC (Optional) B3_SD (Optional)
Any of the following alarms triggers the SNCP switching at the VC-12 level:
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Protectio n Type
Revertive Mode Nonrevertive
Switching Time 50 ms
Default WTR Time -
Switching Conditions (Any of the following alarms triggers the switching)

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TU_LOP TU_AIS BIP_EXC (Optional) BIP_SD (Optional)
9.2.5 Mesh Networking and Rerouting Protection

The mesh network solves the node bottleneck and failure. Multiple routes are available between two nodes, thus providing high reliability. The switching time is less than a few seconds. Compared with the ring network, the mesh network features the following advantages:
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Excellent bandwidth availability, scalability and survivability. This network topology is suitable for the area at which the traffic is heavy and evenly distributed.
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CAUTION
The rerouting protection function is available only when the ASON features are enabled.
9.3 Clock Synchronization Protection

This topic describes the clock protection of the OptiX OSN 9500, in terms of the protection principle and compliant protocols. In the SDH synchronous network, the clocks of the NEs should be synchronized. Usually, several reference clock sources are available for an NE. They may come from the same primary clock source or from the clock reference sources of different quality levels. When the synchronization status message (SSM) function is enabled, an NE needs to know the quality information of all the clock reference sources to automatically switch the synchronous clock source. The S1 byte defined in ITU-T Recommendation is used to transmit the quality information of the clock source. Bits b5b8 in the S1 byte indicate the quality information of 16 timing sources. Table 9-4 lists the SSM encoding mode defined in ITU-T Recommendation. With this quality information and together with certain switching protocols, the automatic protection switching of the synchronization clock can be realized in the synchronous network. Table 9-4 SSM encoding mode S1 (b5-b8) 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101
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Level of SDH Synchronization Quality The synchronization quality is unknown in the existing synchronous network. Reserved. G.811 clock signal. Reserved. G.812 transit exchange clock signal. Reserved. Reserved. Reserved. G.812 Local office clock signal. Reserved. Reserved. Synchronous equipment timing source (SETS) signal. Reserved. Reserved.
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S1 (b5-b8) 1110 1111
Level of SDH Synchronization Quality Reserved. Do not use for synchronization.
In the SDH system, the automatic clock protection switching complies with the protocols:
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An NE selects a clock source of the highest level in the S1 byte from all current available clock sources. Then the NE transmits its quality information (namely, the S1 byte) to the downstream NEs. When the S1 byte information contained in multiple clock sources in the NE is the same, the system selects the clock source of the highest priority level based on the priority order in the priority level table as the synchronization source. It then transmits the quality information of this synchronization source to the downstream NEs. If NE B currently traces the clock synchronous source of NE A, the clock of NE B is an unusable synchronous source for NE A.
For more information about clock protection, see section 10.4 Clock Protection .
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About This Chapter
10.1 Clock Source This topic describes the clock source types of the OptiX OSN 9500. 10.2 Clock Working Mode This topic describes the clock working modes of the OptiX OSN 9500. 10.3 Clock Outputs This topic describes the clock output modes of the OptiX OSN 9500.
Clock
This chapter describes the clock of the OptiX OSN 9500, in terms of optional clock sources, clock working and output modes and how to realize clock protection switching.
10.4 Clock Protection This topic describes the clock protection implementation of the OptiX OSN 9500.
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10.1 Clock Source

This topic describes the clock source types of the OptiX OSN 9500. The OptiX OSN 9500 can trace the following clock sources:
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External clock source Line clock source Internal clock source

NOTE
The OptiX OSN 9500 supports priority setting for clock sources. By default, the internal clock source is of the lowest priority.
10.1.1 External Clock Source The OptiX OSN 9500 supports two external clock source inputs. 10.1.2 Line Clock Source The OptiX OSN 9500 can trace the line clock source. 10.1.3 Internal Clock Source When both the external clock source and line clock source fail, the internal clock source provides clock signal for the OptiX OSN 9500.
10.1.1 External Clock Source

The OptiX OSN 9500 supports two external clock source inputs.
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Two 75-ohm external clock outputs (2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz) Two 120-ohm external clock inputs (2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz)
10.1.2 Line Clock Source

The OptiX OSN 9500 can trace the line clock source.
10.1.3 Internal Clock Source

When both the external clock source and line clock source fail, the internal clock source provides clock signal for the OptiX OSN 9500.
10.2 Clock Working Mode

This topic describes the clock working modes of the OptiX OSN 9500. The OptiX OSN 9500 supports the following clock working modes that comply with ITU-T G. 781.
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Locked mode Holdover mode Free-run mode

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10.2.1 Locked Mode In the locked mode, the OptiX OSN 9500 traces one clock source from the line clock source or external clock source. 10.2.2 Holdover Mode If all clock sources are lost, the OptiX OSN 9500 uses the frequency information stored before the loss as its clock source. This meets the relevant criteria stated in ITU-T G.813. 10.2.3 Free-Run Mode The OptiX OSN 9500 works under the inherent frequency of its internal crystal oscillator whose frequency stability is within the range of 4.6 ppm.
10.2.1 Locked Mode

In the locked mode, the OptiX OSN 9500 traces one clock source from the line clock source or external clock source. An ASON NE not only supports the traditional clock tracing mode, but also supports the ASON clock tracing mode. For details, see 7.4 ASON Clock Tracing.
10.2.2 Holdover Mode

If all clock sources are lost, the OptiX OSN 9500 uses the frequency information stored before the loss as its clock source. This meets the relevant criteria stated in ITU-T G.813.
10.2.3 Free-Run Mode

The OptiX OSN 9500 works under the inherent frequency of its internal crystal oscillator whose frequency stability is within the range of 4.6 ppm.
10.3 Clock Outputs

This topic describes the clock output modes of the OptiX OSN 9500. The OptiX OSN 9500 supports the following clock outputs:
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Line clock outputs External clock outputs The OptiX OSN 9500 supports two external clock outputs. Two 75-ohm external clock outputs (2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz) Two 120-ohm external clock outputs (2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz)
NOTE
Either two 75-ohm clock outputs or two 120-ohm clock outputs but never both can be used.
10.4 Clock Protection

This topic describes the clock protection implementation of the OptiX OSN 9500. The OptiX OSN 9500 provides the synchronization status message (SSM) function to synchronize clocks. Either the standard SSM or the extended SSM can be configured to realize the protection switching of clocks.
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The OptiX OSN 9500 can realize the clock protection switching in the following ways:
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SSM not enabled Standard SSM enabled Extended SSM enabled
10.4.1 Clock Configuration with SSM Not Enabled When the SSM is not enabled, it indicates that the S1 byte is not used. The OptiX OSN 9500 selects and switches the clock source according to the priority list. The clock source of the highest priority is the trace source. 10.4.2 Clock Configuration with Standard SSM Enabled The standard SSM allows the OptiX OSN 9500 to choose the clock source of the highest quality to prevent the generation of clock lock ring. 10.4.3 Clock Configuration with Extended SSM Enabled Huawei presents the concept of the clock source ID. The extended SSM uses the first four bits of the S1 byte as the unique clock source ID, which is transmitted along with SSM. When receiving the S1 byte, a node checks whether the clock source ID is transmitted by itself. If yes, the node takes the clock source as unavailable. In this way, the clock lock ring is avoided where the clock tracing trails are configured as a ring.
10.4.1 Clock Configuration with SSM Not Enabled

When the SSM is not enabled, it indicates that the S1 byte is not used. The OptiX OSN 9500 selects and switches the clock source according to the priority list. The clock source of the highest priority is the trace source. The priority list can be manually configured. For the case where the SSM is not enabled, Figure 10-1 shows the clock networking and Table 10-1 lists the priority list.
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Figure 10-1 Clock networking with SSM disabled

BITS
Node 1
Node 2
Node 4
Node 3
E Active tracing trail Standby tracing trail Optix OSN 9500
Table 10-1 Priority list with the SSM not enabled Node Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Clock Priority BITS/internal clock source West clock source/internal clock source West clock source/internal clock source East clock source/west clock source/internal clock source
10.4.2 Clock Configuration with Standard SSM Enabled

The standard SSM allows the OptiX OSN 9500 to choose the clock source of the highest quality to prevent the generation of clock lock ring. See the Figure 10-2 and Table 10-2.
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Figure 10-2 Clock networking with standard SSM enabled
Active BITS
Node 1
Node 2
Node 4
Node 3
E Active tracing trail
Standby BITS Standby tracing trail Optix OSN 9500
Table 10-2 Clock priority list with standard SSM enabled Node Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Clock Priority Active BITS/east clock source/internal clock source West clock source/east clock source/internal clock source West clock source/standby BITS/internal clock source East clock source/west clock source/internal clock source
10.4.3 Clock Configuration with Extended SSM Enabled

Huawei presents the concept of the clock source ID. The extended SSM uses the first four bits of the S1 byte as the unique clock source ID, which is transmitted along with SSM. When receiving the S1 byte, a node checks whether the clock source ID is transmitted by itself. If yes, the node takes the clock source as unavailable. In this way, the clock lock ring is avoided where the clock tracing trails are configured as a ring. As shown in Figure 10-3, the active and standby BITSs in the intersecting rings are connected to the conjunction nodes respectively. The extended SSM is enabled in the entire network. Table
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10-3 lists the clock priority for each NE. The active BITS clock ID is manually set to 1, the standby BITS clock ID to 2 and the ID of the internal clock of Node1 to 3. Table 10-3 Clock priority list with extended SSM enabled Node Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5 Node 6 Node 7 Node 8 Clock Priority Active BITS/W1/E2/E1/W2/internal clock source West clock source/east clock source/internal clock source West clock source/east clock source/internal clock source West clock source/east clock source/internal clock source Standby BITS/E1/W2/W1/E2/internal clock source East clock source/west clock source/internal clock source East clock source/west clock source/internal clock source East clock source/west clock source/internal clock source
Figure 10-3 Clock tracing of intersecting rings with extended SSM enabled
Active BITS
W E1 E2 W2 Node 1 W1
Node 2
Node 8
Node 3 W2 E Node 4 W1 W E
Standby BITS
Node 7 E1 Node 5 E2 W E Node 6 W
Active tracing trail Standby tracing trail
In the case of clock protection configuration for an SDH ring network, the clock ID is always set manually to effectively avoid the occurrence of clock lock ring. The clock ID is necessary only at key nodes rather than all nodes in an SDH network. To set the clock source ID, follow the rules:
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Allocate a clock ID for every external BITS. Allocate a clock ID for the internal clock source of every node that has an external BITS. If signals travel from a chain or a ring into another ring, allocate a clock ID for the internal clock source of every junction node.
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If signals travel from a chain or a ring into another ring, allocate a clock ID for the line clock source (if any is involved at a conjunction node) in the signal traveling direction at every junction node.
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About This Chapter
OAM
This chapter describes the operation, maintenance, network management and security management of the OptiX OSN 9500. 11.1 Operation and Maintenance The cabinet, boards, and functions of the OptiX OSN 9500 are designed according to the requirements of the customers to easily operate and maintain the equipment. Hence, the OptiX OSN 9500 provides powerful equipment maintenance capability for the customers. 11.2 Network Management This topic describes the network management system used by the OptiX OSN 9500.
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11.1 Operation and Maintenance

The cabinet, boards, and functions of the OptiX OSN 9500 are designed according to the requirements of the customers to easily operate and maintain the equipment. Hence, the OptiX OSN 9500 provides powerful equipment maintenance capability for the customers.
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In the case of an emergency, the EMPU board generates audible and visual alarms to prompt the network administrators to take proper measures. To facilitate maintenance, the OptiX OSN 9500 provides 16 alarm inputs, four alarm outputs, and alarm concatenation. Each board provides the running and alarm indicators to help the network administrators to locate and handle faults immediately after the faults occur. The OptiX OSN 9500 provides the automatic laser shutdown (ALS) function for the SDH and Ethernet single-mode optical interfaces. When a fiber that connects two optical interface is cut, an R-LOS alarm is genarated at the optical interface at the local end. If the R_LOS alarm lasts for 500 ms, the laser of the transmit optical interface at the local end is automatically shut down. By default, only the laser pulse is generated at 60-second intervals and lasts for 2s every time. After the fiber connection recovers, the optical interface at the opposite end detects the laser pulse generated from the local end. The laser of the optical interface at the opposite end then continuously launches laser beams. After receiving the laser beam launched by the opposite end, the laser of the local end then also continuously launches laser beam. As a result, the two optical interfaces can communicate with each other and the R-LOS alarm is cleared. The OptiX OSN 9500 supports in-service detection of the optical power of SDH and Ethernet optical interfaces. The OptiX OSN 9500 supports the function of querying parameters of SDH optical modules. These parameters include the optical interface type, fiber mode (single-mode or multi-mode), transmission distance, transmission rate and wavelength. The optical interface board uses the pluggable optical module. Users can choose singlemode or multi-mode optical modules as required. This facilitates the maintenance. The OptiX OSN 9500 supports configuring the key items and recording the key events of an NE, thus facilitating to find and rectify the improper operations. As a result, users can know the key events that occur in the equipment during a certain period of time. The OptiX OSN 9500 provides the orderwire phone function for management personnel at different node sites to communicate with each other. The T2000 can be used to dynamically monitor the equipment running status and alarms of each NE in a network. In addition, the T2000 supports querying and setting the status of reporting NE alarms. The OptiX OSN 9500 supports the remote maintenance function. When the equipment becomes faulty, the maintenance personnel can use the public phone network to remotely maintain the OptiX OSN 9500 system. The T2000 can be used to upgrade the board software and NE software in the running state. The OptiX OSN 9500 provides the daylight saving time function. Users can change the time system according to the season.
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11.2 Network Management

This topic describes the network management system used by the OptiX OSN 9500. The OptiX OSN 9500 is uniformly managed by the iManager network management system (hereinafter referred to as the T2000). The T2000 manages the OSN, SDH, Metro and DWDM equipment in the entire network. In compliance with ITU-T Recommendations, the T2000 adopts a standard management information model and the object-oriented management technology. The T2000 exchanges information with the NE software through the communication module, to implement monitoring and management over the network equipment.
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About This Chapter
Security Management
The T2000 performs the security management over the OptiX OSN 9500 NE through several methods. 12.1 Authentication Management For security reasons, only an authorized user can log in to the NE after authentication. 12.2 Authorization Management Proper authority assignment to different NE users can ensure the successful operations performed by each user and the security of the NE system. 12.3 Network Security Management Safe data transmission between the T2000 and NEs is the prerequisite for the T2000 to effectively manage the NEs. 12.4 System Security Management For the security reasons, the system provides certain security policies, which must be executed forcibly. 12.5 Log Management The OptiX OSN 9500 provides the log management function.
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12.1 Authentication Management

For security reasons, only an authorized user can log in to the NE after authentication.
l
NE login management: A user can successfully log in to the NE only by entering a valid user name and a valid password. NE user switching: On a client, only one user is allowed to operate the NE each time. For this reason, if multiple users intend to operate an NE simultaneously, they need to be switched to ensure that the data is unique. Forcibly logging out the other users of the NE: To avoid errors caused by simultaneous configuration by multiple users, or to prevent other users from illegally logging in to the NE, one user can forcibly log out the other users at a lower level from the NE. NE login locking: After the locking function is enabled, a user whose level is lower than the level of the current user is not allowed to log in to the NE. NE setting locking: A user can lock the settings of functional modules of the NE to prevent the other users from operating the locked modules. Query the online NE users.
12.2 Authorization Management

Proper authority assignment to different NE users can ensure the successful operations performed by each user and the security of the NE system.
l
NE user management:
According to the operation authority, NE users are divided into five levels in an ascending order: monitoring level, operation level, maintenance level, system level, and debugging level. According to the T2000, NE users are classified into LCT NE users, EMS NE users, CMD NE users, and general NE users. Create NE users, assign authorities, and specify a user flag. Modify the user name, change the password, modify the operation authority, and change the user flag. Delete NE users. According to the operation authority, by default, NE user groups are divided into administrator group, super administrator group, operator group, monitoring personnel group, and maintenance personnel group. Modify the group to which a user belongs.
NE user group management:
12.3 Network Security Management

Safe data transmission between the T2000 and NEs is the prerequisite for the T2000 to effectively manage the NEs.
l
The T2000 communicates with NEs through the security socket layer (SSL) protocol. Therefore, the data is complete and safe.
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l
Set the access control list (ACL) rule to filter the received IP packets, control the data traffic in the network, and to prevent malicious attack. According to the system security level, the ACL rules are classified into the basic ACL rule and the advanced ACL rule.
For an NE that requires lower security level, you can set the basic ACL rule to check the source address of the IP packets. For an NE that requires higher security level, you can set the advanced ACL rule. In this case, the NE checks the source address, sink address, source port, sink port, and protocol type of the received IP packets. If both the advanced and the basic ACL rules are available, the NE adopts the advanced ACL rule to check the packets. Query the ACL rule. Modify the ACL rule. Delete the ACL rule. Access over the Ethernet network. By default, an NE allows the T2000 to access it over the Ethernet network. Access through the serial interface. Access through the OAM port. Access through the COM port. Considering the security, after an NE is initialized or downloads data, by default, the COM access function is disabled. The COM access function can be enabled when necessary.
An NE can access the T2000 by using any of the following methods:
Control the access to NEs by using the T2000 LCT: If the T2000 LCT needs to be used to manage NEs, you can enable the LCT access authority allowed by the NE on the T2000. When the T2000 communicates with an NE, confidential data (such as user names and passwords) is encrypted.
12.4 System Security Management

For the security reasons, the system provides certain security policies, which must be executed forcibly.
l l
Query or set the Warning Screen information of the NE. Query and set the Warning Screen switch of the NE to decide whether to report an alarm after a user logs in to the NE. Query or set the earliest expiry time and the latest expiry time of the password. Query or set the maximum number of illegal login attempts. Query or set the maximum number of overdue password attempts. Query or set the password uniqueness.
l l l l
12.5 Log Management

The OptiX OSN 9500 provides the log management function. 12.5.1 NE Security Log Management The NE security logs record the operations performed by all the NE users and the operation results. By querying these logs, the administrator can trace and review the operations.
12.5.2 Syslog Management The system log service (Syslog service) is used for the security management on an NE. For unified control by maintenance engineers, all types of information are transmitted to the log server in the format complying with the system log (Syslog) protocol.
12.5.1 NE Security Log Management

The NE security logs record the operations performed by all the NE users and the operation results. By querying these logs, the administrator can trace and review the operations.
l l
Query the security logs of the NE. Set forwarding NE logs to the Syslog Server.
12.5.2 Syslog Management

The system log service (Syslog service) is used for the security management on an NE. For unified control by maintenance engineers, all types of information are transmitted to the log server in the format complying with the system log (Syslog) protocol. The OptiX OSN 9500 supports the following:
l l l l
Enabling and disabling of the Syslog protocol Setting of the Syslog protocol transmit modes: UDP (by default) and TCP Addition and deletion of Syslog servers Coexisting of multiple Syslog servers and the sending of logs to multiple servers at the same time Reporting of alarms upon the communication disconnection between the Syslog server and the NE
Figure 12-1 shows how the data is transmitted through the Syslog protocol on a network. To ensure the security of system logs, make sure that at least two system log servers are available in a network. Normally, the IP protocol is used for the communication between the NE and the system log servers. The communication between NEs can be realized through several methods, for example, ECC mode or IP over DCC mode. Figure 12-1 Schematic diagram of Syslog protocol transmitting
NE B
NMS
NE A (client) ECC/ IP OVER DCC TCP/IP real time security log
NE C (client)
Syslog Server B
Syslog Server A
NE D
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NOTE
Normally, a system log server is a workstation or server that is dedicated to storing the system logs of all NEs in a network. A forwarding gateway NE receives the system logs of other NEs and forwards the logs to the system log server. In Figure 12-1, NE A and NE C are data forwarding gateway NEs.
When IP protocol is adopted on each NE for communication, every NE can directly communicate with the two system log servers through the IP protocol. Hence, it is necessary to configure the IP addresses and port numbers on the NE, and the system is able to transmit the NE logs to the two Syslog servers through the auto addressing function of the IP protocol. No forwarding gateway NE is required. When the ECC mode is adopted on each NE for communication, the NE that does not directly connect to the Syslog servers cannot communicate with the servers. The logs of the NE must be transmitted to a gateway NE that directly communicates with the Syslog servers through ECC. Then, the logs are forwarded to the Syslog servers by the gateway NE. Hence, the forwarding gateway NE must be configured, for example, configure NE A as the forwarding gateway NE for NE D. For the detailed Syslog configuration procedures, refer to the OptiX OSN 9500 Configuration Guide.
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13 Technical Specifications
13
About This Chapter
Technical Specifications
This chapter describes various technical specifications of the OptiX OSN 9500. 13.1 Interface Type This topic describes all the interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500. 13.2 Optical Interface Performance This topic describes the optical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500, in terms of classification and parameters. 13.3 Electrical Interface Performance This topic describes the electrical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500, in terms of types and parameters. 13.4 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance This topic describes the clock interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500, in terms of types, timing and synchronization performance. 13.5 Auxiliary Interface This topic describes the auxiliary interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500, in terms of types and parameters. 13.6 Power Interface This topic describes the power interfaces related to the cabinet, subrack and HUB of the OptiX OSN 9500 cabinet. 13.7 Alarm Interface This topic describes the alarm interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500. 13.8 Protection Performance The protection performance complies with the ITU-T G.841 requirements. 13.9 Transmission Performance The transmission performance complies with ITU-T standards. 13.10 Power Supply Specifications This topic describes the parameters adopted by the power supply of the OptiX OSN 9500. 13.11 Power Consumption and Weight of Boards
This topic describes the boards of the OptiX OSN 9500, in terms of the name, power consumption and weight. 13.12 Electromagnetic Compatibility This topic describes international electromagnetic compatibility standards that the OptiX OSN 9500 complies with. 13.13 Safety Standards This topic describes safety standards that the OptiX OSN 9500 complies with. 13.14 Environmental Specification The equipment requires proper environment for normal operation. 13.15 Environment Requirement This topic describes the environment requirements of the OptiX OSN 9500, in terms of storage, transportation and operation.
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13.1 Interface Type

This topic describes all the interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500. Table 13-1 lists the different types of interfaces for the OptiX OSN 9500 equipment. Table 13-1 Interface type Interface Type Optical interface Electrical interface Timing interface Auxiliary Interface Power interface Alarm interface Rate and Feature STM-64, STM-16, STM-4, STM-1, GE, 10GE STM-1, 1000BASE-T 2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz Administration interface, orderwire phone interface and data interface Cabinet power input interface, subrack power input interface and hub power output interfac Alarm input interface, alarm output interface, alarm concatenation interface and cabinet alarm indicator driving interface
13.2 Optical Interface Performance

This topic describes the optical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500, in terms of classification and parameters. 13.2.1 Classification of Optical Interfaces The optical interfaces provided by the OptiX OSN 9500 comply with ITU-T G.957 and ITU-T G.691. In addition, the OptiX OSN 9500 provides the STM-64 colored optical interface, 100 Gbit/s EA, and STM-16 colored optical interfaces, 170 and 640a. The lasers comply with ITUT G.958 in safety. The fiber connectors are of the LC or PC type. 13.2.2 Specifications of Optical Interfaces This topic describes the specifications of different types of optical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500. 13.2.3 Frequency Deviation Tolerance at the Input Optical Interface The frequency stability of the oscillator inside the regenerator, in the free-run mode, should be better than 20 x 10-6. The downstream SDH equipment, whose input interface receives such signals, should be able to normally work. 13.2.4 AIS Rate Deviation Tolerance at the Output Optical Interface This topic describes the allowed AIS rate deviation tolerance at the output optical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500. 13.2.5 Laser Class The laser class of the OptiX OSN 9500 includes Class 1 and Class 1M.
13.2.1 Classification of Optical Interfaces

The optical interfaces provided by the OptiX OSN 9500 comply with ITU-T G.957 and ITU-T G.691. In addition, the OptiX OSN 9500 provides the STM-64 colored optical interface, 100 Gbit/s EA, and STM-16 colored optical interfaces, 170 and 640a. The lasers comply with ITUT G.958 in safety. The fiber connectors are of the LC or PC type.
CAUTION
The optical interfaces of the same rate but on different boards may be of different types. For details, refer to the OptiX OSN 9500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Hardware Description. The launched optical power and receiver sensitivity determine the probable transmission distance. The OptiX OSN 9500 supports the optical interfaces listed in Table 13-2. Table 13-2 Types of optical interfaces Applicatio n Intra-Office Communication Inter-Office Communication Short Distance Long Distance Extreme ly Long Distanc e 1550.12 Very Long Distance
Nominal wavelength of the optical source (nm) Fiber type
1310
155 0
131 0
155 0
131 0
1550
1550
Multi ple mode -
G. 65 2 I-1 6
G. 652 -
G. 652 S-1. 1 S-4. 1 S-1 6.1
G. 652 -
G. 652 L-1. 1 L-4. 1 L-1 6.1
G.652
G.652
G.652
ST M lev el
STM -1 STM -4 STM -16
L-16.2/ L-16.2 (je)
V-16.2 (je)
U-16.2(je)/ colored optical interface (170)/ colored optical interface (640.a)
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Applicatio n
Intra-Office Communication
Inter-Office Communication Short Distance Long Distance Extreme ly Long Distanc e V-64.2b Very Long Distance
STM -64
I-6 4.1
S-6 4.2 b
L-64.2 b/ Le-64. 2/ Ls-64.2
Ue-64.2c/ Ue-64.2d/ 100 Gbit/s EA
Note: Le-64.2, Ls-64.2, Ue-64.2c, Ue-64.2d, L-16.2(je), V-16.2(je) and U-16.2(je) are internal standards of Huawei.
13.2.2 Specifications of Optical Interfaces

This topic describes the specifications of different types of optical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500. Table 13-3, Table 13-4, Table 13-5 and Table 13-6 list the specifications of different types of optical interfaces. The OptiX OSN 9500 provides optical interfaces that comply with ITU-T G. 957 and ITU-T G.691. The mean launched optical power is the mean power measured at reference point S for the pseudo-random data series that are coupled by the transmitter to fibers. The extinction ratio (EX) is the ratio of the mean optical power (with signals transmitted) to the mean optical power (without signals transmitted) in the case of the poorest reflection and full modulation. The receiver sensitivity is the minimum mean optical power measured at reference point R, where the specified bit error rate is reached (BER = 1 x 1010 for STM-16, STM-4 and STM-1; BER = 1 x 1012 for STM-64). The receiver overload is the maximum mean optical power measured at reference point R, where the specified bit error rate is reached (BER = 1 x 1010 for STM-16, STM-4 and STM-1; BER = 1 x 1012 for STM-64). Table 13-3 Specifications of STM-1 optical interfaces Item Nominal bit rate Classification code Operating wavelength range Transmission distance Unit kbit/s nm km Specification 155520 S-1.1 12611360 15 L-1.1 12631360 40
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Item Features of the transmitter at reference point S Fiber Type Maximum spectrum width of 20 dB Minimum side mode suppression ratio Maximum mean launched optical power Minimum mean launched optical power Minimum extinction ratio Features of optical channels at reference point SR Features of the receiver at reference point R Attenuation range Maximum dispersion Minimum sensitivity Minimum overload point Maximum optical path penalty a: NA indicates not applicable.
Unit nm dB dBm dBm dB dB ps/ nm dBm dBm dB
Specification Single-mode LC NAa NAa 8 15 8.2 012 96 28 8 1 Single-mode LC 1 30 0 5 10 1028 246 34 10 1 NAa
Table 13-4 Specifications of STM-4 optical interfaces Item Nominal bit rate Classification code Operating wavelength range Transmission distance Features of the transmitter at reference point S Fiber Type Maximum spectrum width of 20 dB Minimum side mode suppression ratio Maximum mean launched optical power nm dB dBm nm km Unit kbit/s Specification 622080 S-4.1 12741356 15 Singlemode LC NAa NAa 8 L-4.1 12801335 40 Singlemode LC 1 30 2
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Item Minimum mean launched optical power Minimum extinction ratio Features of optical channels at reference points R and S Features of the receiver at reference point R Attenuation range Maximum dispersion Minimum sensitivity Minimum overload point Maximum optical path penalty a: NA indicates not applicable.
Unit dBm dB dB ps/nm dBm dBm dB
Specification 15 8.2 012 74 28 8 1 3 10 1024 NAa 28 8 1
Table 13-5 Specifications of STM-16 optical interfaces Item U ni t kb it/ s n m Specification
Nominal bit rate
2488320
Classification code Operating wavelength range
I16 12 66 13 60 2 Si ng lem od e L C
S-1 6.1 126 0 136 0 15 Sin glemo de LC
L-1 6.1 128 0 133 5 40 Sin glemo de LC
L-1 6.2 150 0 158 0 80 Sin glemo de LC
L-16. 2(je) 1530 1560
V-16.2 (je) 1530 1565
U-16.2 (je) 1550.12
Transmission distance Features of the transmitt er at reference point S Fiber Type
k m -
100 Singl emode LC
140 Singlemode LC
170 SLM
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Item
U ni t Maximum spectrum width of 20 dB Minimum side mode suppression ratio Maximum mean launched optical power n m d B
Specification
N Aa N Aa
<1
<0.6
<0.6
<0.6
30
30
30
30
30b
30b
d B m
15 (BA) 3 (optical module)
18 (BA) 3 (optical module) 15 (BA) 2 (optical module) 8.2 3647 3400
Minimum mean launched optical power
d B m
10
Minimum extinction ratio Features of optical channels at reference points R and S Features of the receiver at reference point R Attenuation range Maximum dispersion
d B d B ps / n m d B m
8. 2 0 7 12
8.2 0 12 NA
a
8.2 12 24 NA
a
8.2 12 24 120 0 160 0 28
8.2 16 28 2000
8.2 2539 2800
Minimum sensitivity
18
18
27
28
28
32 (PA) 28 (optical module)
Minimum overload point
d B m
Maximum optical path penalty a: NA indicates not applicable.
d B
b: These specifications need to be stipulated in international standards.
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Table 13-6 Specifications of STM-64 optical interfaces Item U ni t kb it/ s Specification
Nominal bit rate
9953280
Classification code
I-64.1
S-6 4.2 b 15 30 15 65 40 0.3
Le64. 2 153 0 156 5 60 0.3
Ls64. 2 153 0 156 5 80 0.3
L-64. 2b 1530 1565
V-64. 2b 1550. 12
Ue-64 .2c 1550. 12
Ue-64.2 d 1550.12
Operating wavelength range
n m
1290 1330
Transmission distance Feature s of the transmi tter at referen ce point S Maximu m spectrum width of 20 dB
k m n m
2 1
80 0.3
120 0.3
163 0.3
174 0.3
Minimum d side mode B suppressi on ratio Maximu m mean launched optical power d B m
30
30
30
30
30
30
35
35
15 (BA) 2 (opti cal modu le)
15 (BA) 1 (optic al modu le) 13 (BA) 4 (optic al modu le) 8.2
15 (BA) 1 (optic al modu le) 13 (BA) 4 (optic al modu le) 10
Minimum mean launched optical power
d B m
13 (BA) 4 (opti cal modu le)
Minimum extinction ratio
d B
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.2
10
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Item
U ni t Attenuati on range Maximu m chromatic dispersio n Minimum sensitivit y d B ps / n m d B m
Specification
Feature s of the optical path at MPI-S and MPI-R points Feature s of the receive r at referen ce point R
04 6.6
3 11 80 0
12 22 120 0
14 23 160 0
15 26 1600
2237 680 + 1360 (DCU )b 26 (PA) 14 (optic al modu le)
NAa 800
NAa 800
11
14
21
21
14
26 (PA) 16 (optic al modu le)c 10 (PA) 1 (optic al modu le) 2

c
Minimum overload point
d B m
10 (PA) 1 (optic al modu le)
Maximu m optical path penalty
d B
a: NA indicates not applicable. b: The dispersion coefficient for the G.652 fiber at 1550 nm is 17 ps/nm.km. Hence, when the transmission distance is 120 km, the dispersion tolerance is 2040 ps/nm. c: The sensitivity is the poorest sensitivity for back-to-back equipment when the FEC function is enabled.
Table 13-7 Wavelengths for STM-16 and STM-64 optical interfaces No. 1 2 3 4
13-10
Frequency (THz) 192.1 192.2 192.3 192.4
Wavelength (nm) 1560.61 1559.79 1558.98 1558.17
No. 21 22 23 24
Frequency (THz) 194.1 194.2 194.3 194.4
Wavelength (nm) 1544.53 1543.73 1542.94 1542.14
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No. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Frequency (THz) 192.5 192.6 192.7 192.8 192.9 193.0 193.1 193.2 193.3 193.4 193.5 193.6 193.7 193.8 193.9 194.0
Wavelength (nm) 1557.36 1556.56 1555.75 1554.94 1554.13 1553.33 1552.52 1551.72 1550.92 1550.12 1549.32 1548.51 1547.72 1546.92 1546.12 1545.32
No. 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Frequency (THz) 194.5 194.6 194.7 194.8 194.9 195.0 195.1 195.2 195.3 195.4 195.5 195.6 195.7 195.8 195.9 196.0
Wavelength (nm) 1541.35 1540.56 1539.77 1538.98 1538.19 1537.40 1536.61 1535.82 1535.04 1534.25 1533.47 1532.68 1531.90 1531.12 1530.33 1529.55
Table 13-8 Specifications of STM-16 and STM-64 colored optical interfaces Item Transmission rate Classification code Operating frequency range Features of the transmitter at reference point S Maximum spectrum width of 20 dB Minimum side mode suppression ratio Unit THz nm Specification STM-16 170 192.1196.0 0.4 640.a 192.1 196.0 0.2 STM-64 100 Gbit/s EA 192.1196.0 0.3
dB
30
35
30
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Item Maximum mean launched optical power Minimum mean launched optical power Minimum extinction ratio Maximum dispersion Features of the receiver at reference point R Minimum sensitivity Minimum overload point Maximum optical path penalty Back-to-back signal-to-noise ratio tolerance (without FEC) Back-to-back optical signalto-noise ratio tolerance (outband FEC)
Unit dBm
Specification 3 1 1
dBm
dB ps/nm dBm dBm dB
8.2 3400 28 9 2
10 10880 28 9 2
10 800 14 1 2
dB
21a
21a
26b
dB
Not supported
Not supported
20c
a: The overall dispersion is less than the maximum dispersion tolerance. The input optical power ranges from 18 dBm to 22 dBm. BER = 1 x 1012 b: The residual dispersion is from 800 ps/nm to +800 ps/nm. The input optical power ranges from 8 dBm to 12 dBm. BER = 1 x 1012. c: The residual dispersion ranges from 800 ps/nm to +800 ps/nm. The input optical power ranges from 8 dBm to 12 dBm. BER = 2 x 104 (without FEC)
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Table 13-9 Specifications of GE and 10xGE optical interfaces Interfa ce type Target transmissi on Distance (km) 0.55 Fiber Type Launch ed Optical Power (dBm) 9.5 to 2.5 9.5 to 3 4.5 to 3 2 to +5 Center Wavelen gth (nm) Overlo ad Optica l Power (dBm) 0 Receive r Sensitiv ity (dBm) 17 Extincti on Ratio (dB)
1000Ba se-SX 1000Ba se-LX
Multimode LC Single -mode LC Single -mode LC Single -mode LC Single -mode LC Single -mode LC Single -mode LC
770860
10
1270 1355 1270 1355 1540 1570 1540 1570 1310
20
40
22.5
1000Ba se-EX 1000Ba se-ZX 10GBb ase-LR 10GBa se-ER
80
23
80
2 to +5
23
10
6 to 1
0.5
11
40
1 to +2
1550
15
8.2
13.2.3 Frequency Deviation Tolerance at the Input Optical Interface

The frequency stability of the oscillator inside the regenerator, in the free-run mode, should be better than 20 x 10-6. The downstream SDH equipment, whose input interface receives such signals, should be able to normally work. For the OptiX OSN 9500, the allowed frequency deviation of optical input interfaces complies with related standards. Table 13-10 lists the details. Table 13-10 Frequency deviation tolerance at the input interface Optical Interface Level STM-1 STM-4
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Required Specification (ppm) 20 20
13-13
Optical Interface Level STM-16 STM-64
Required Specification (ppm) 20 20
13.2.4 AIS Rate Deviation Tolerance at the Output Optical Interface

This topic describes the allowed AIS rate deviation tolerance at the output optical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500. When the input interface loses signals, the SDH equipment sends the AIS rate deviation tolerance to the downstream through the output interface. For the OptiX OSN 9500, the allowed AIS rate deviation of output optical interfaces complies with related standards. Table 13-11 lists the details. Table 13-11 AIS rate deviation tolerance at the output optical interface Optical Interface Level STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 STM-64 Required Specification (ppm) 20 20 20 20
13.2.5 Laser Class

The laser class of the OptiX OSN 9500 includes Class 1 and Class 1M. Table 13-12 lists the laser class of the OptiX OSN 9500. Table 13-12 Laser class Laser Class Class 1 Board D64E/D64D, L64E/JL64, F64E/F64D, O16E/O16D, Q16E/JQ16, D16E/ JD16, L16E/JL16, L16L/L16V, JLQ4, JH41, JLH1, EGT6/EGT6A, GE06, EGTH, EGS8, and EAS1 JBA2, JBPA, and JDCU
Class 1M
13.3 Electrical Interface Performance

This topic describes the electrical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500, in terms of types and parameters.
The OptiX OSN 9500 provides electrical interfaces of the SMB type, whose rate is 155520 kbit/ s and whose line code type is CMI. The OptiX OSN 9500 also provides electrical interfaces of the 1000BASE-T type. 13.3.1 Signal Rate Deviation Tolerance at the Output Interface The signal rate deviation tolerance at the output interface indicates the deviation between the output signal rate and nominal rate. The output signal rate is measured when the AIS is output. 13.3.2 Attenuation Tolerance at the Input Interface This topic describes the attenuation specifications of the SMB input interfaces and 1000BASET input interface of the OptiX OSN 9500. 13.3.3 Frequency Deviation Tolerance at the Input Interface The frequency deviation tolerance is the allowed maximum input signal rate deviation at the input interface.
13.3.1 Signal Rate Deviation Tolerance at the Output Interface

The signal rate deviation tolerance at the output interface indicates the deviation between the output signal rate and nominal rate. The output signal rate is measured when the AIS is output. Table 13-13 lists the specifications of the signal rate deviation tolerance at the output electrical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500. Table 13-13 Signal rate deviation tolerance at the SMB output interface Interface Type 155520 kbit/s Required Specification (ppm) 20
Table 13-14 Signal rate deviation tolerance at the 1000BASE-T output interface Interface Typ 1000BASE-T Required Specification (MHz) 125.00 MHz0.01%
13.3.2 Attenuation Tolerance at the Input Interface

This topic describes the attenuation specifications of the SMB input interfaces and 1000BASET input interface of the OptiX OSN 9500. Cables (compliant with the f attenuation rule) that connect the equipment have certain attenuation. The attenuated signals should still be correctly received at the input interface of the equipment. Table 13-15 and Table 13-16 list the attenuation specifications of the input electrical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500.
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Table 13-15 Attenuation tolerance at the SMB input interface Interface Type 155520 kbit/s Required Specification (dB) 012.7
Table 13-16 Attenuation tolerance at the 1000BASE-T input interface Interface Type 1000BASE-T Required Specification In the case of 10-10 bit error rate, use the twisted pairs of category 5 to transmit the signals for 100 meters.
13.3.3 Frequency Deviation Tolerance at the Input Interface

The frequency deviation tolerance is the allowed maximum input signal rate deviation at the input interface. Table 13-17 and Table 13-18 list the specifications of the frequency deviation tolerance of the input electrical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500. Table 13-17 Frequency deviation tolerance at the SMB input interface Interface Type 155520 kbit/s Required Specification (ppm) 20
Table 13-18 Frequency deviation tolerance at the 1000BASE-T input interface Interface Type 1000BASE-T Required Specification (MHz) 125.00 MHz0.01%
13.4 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance

This topic describes the clock interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500, in terms of types, timing and synchronization performance. 13.4.1 Clock Interface Type The OptiX OSN 9500 provides the clock input interface and clock output interface. 13.4.2 Timing and Synchronization Performance The timing and synchronization performance complies with ITU-T G.813.
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13.4.1 Clock Interface Type

The OptiX OSN 9500 provides the clock input interface and clock output interface. Table 13-19 lists the clock interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500. Table 13-19 Clock features of the OptiX OSN 9500 External Synchronization Source Synchronization Output Two clock inputs, 2048 kbit/s (G.703) or 2048 kHz (G.703), 75 ohms Two clock outputs, 2048 kbit/s (G.703) or 2048 kHz (G. 703), 75 ohms
13.4.2 Timing and Synchronization Performance

The timing and synchronization performance complies with ITU-T G.813. Table 13-20 lists the timing and synchronization performance. Table 13-20 Timing and synchronization performance Performance Output Jitter Output Frequency in Free-Run Mode Long-Term Phase Variation in Locked Mode Description ITU-T G.813 compliant ITU-T G.813 compliant ITU-T G.813 compliant
13.5 Auxiliary Interface

This topic describes the auxiliary interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500, in terms of types and parameters. Table 13-21 lists the auxiliary interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500. Table 13-21 Auxiliary interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500 Interface Type Administration interface Orderwire phone Interface Data interface Description Ethernet, RS-232, F&f interface One two-core orderwire phone interface and two orderwire phone NNI interfaces One 64 kbit/s codirectional data interface and four RS-422/RS-232 optional serial interfaces
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Orderwire Phone Interface

Table 13-22 lists the specifications of the orderwire phone interfaces. Table 13-22 Specifications of the orderwire phone interfaces Item Voice channel interface Impedance Bandwidth Current Input gain Output gain Signaling Simulated orderwire extension Impedance Bandwidth Transmit electrical level Receive electrical level 600 ohms 300 Hz3400 Hz 3.5 dBr 1 dBr 3.5 dBr 1 dBr 600 ohms 300 Hz3400 Hz 18 mA 4/0/0 dB 0/7/0 dB DTMF compliant with ITU-T Q.23 Specification
64 kbit/s Codirectional Data Interface

The 64 kbit/s codirectional data interface is the F1 interface on the JEOW. Table 13-23 lists the specifications of the 64 kbit/s codirectional data interface. Table 13-23 Specifications of the 64 kbit/s codirectional data interface Item Bit rate Timing signal Coding scheme Output pulse wave form Output interface feature Input interface feature Specification 64 kbit/s From RX ITU-U G.703 ITU-U G.703 ITU-U G.703 ITU-U G.703
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RS-232 Serial Interface

The RS-232 serial interfaces are Serial 1Serial 4 interfaces on the JEOW. Table 13-24 lists the specifications. Table 13-24 Specifications of RS-232 serial interfaces Item Bit rate Mode Electrical level Specification 19.2 kbit/s to the maximum RS-232 Tx & Rx data only 5 V to 15 V
RS-422 Serial Interface

The RS-422 serial interfaces are Serial 1Serial 4 interfaces on the JEOW. Table 13-25 lists the specifications. Table 13-25 Specifications of RS-422 interfaces Item Bit rate Mode Electrical level Specification 19.2 kbit/s to the maximum RS-422 Tx & Rx data only 2.0 V
13.6 Power Interface

This topic describes the power interfaces related to the cabinet, subrack and HUB of the OptiX OSN 9500 cabinet.
Cabinet Power Input Interface

The DC PDU provides two stand-alone channels of power supplies for the cabinet through the cabinet power input interface.
Subrack Power Input Interface

The JPIU provides the power input interface for the subrack power and also provides 1+1 hot backup protection.
Hub Power Supply Output Interface

The JPIU provides the hub power supplies.
13.7 Alarm Interface

This topic describes the alarm interfaces of the OptiX OSN 9500. The EMPU provides the alarm input interface, alarm output interface, alarm concatenation interface and cabinet alarm indicator driving interface for the OptiX OSN 9500.
13.8 Protection Performance

The protection performance complies with the ITU-T G.841 requirements.
Linear MSP
Table 13-26 lists the linear MSP parameters. Table 13-26 Linear MSP parameters Protection Type 1+1 singleended switching 1+1 singleended switching 1+1 dualended switching 1+1 dualended switching 1:N dualended switching Revertive Mode Nonrevertive Revertive Switching Protocol Not required Not required APS protocol APS protocol APS protocol Switching Time 50 ms Default WTR Time Switching Condition Any of the following conditions triggers the switching: l R_LOS
l l l
50 ms
600s
Nonrevertive Revertive
50 ms
R_LOF MS_AIS B2_EXC B2_SD (optional) Forced switching Manual switching Exercise switching
50 ms
600s
l l
Revertive
50 ms
600s
l l
MSP Ring
Table 13-27 lists the MSP ring parameters.
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Table 13-27 MSP ring parameters Protection Type Two-fiber bidirectional MSP Revertive Mode Revertive Switching Mode
l
Switchi ng Time 50 ms
Default WTR Time 600s
Switching Condition Any of the following conditions triggers the switching: l R_LOS
l l l l l l l
Forced switching Manual switching Exercise switching Forced switching Manual switching Exercise switching Forced switching ring Manual switching ring Exercise switching ring Forced switching span Manual switching span Exercise switching span
Two-fiber unidirectiona l MSP
Revertive
50 ms
600s
R_LOF MS_AIS B2_EXC B2_SD Forced switching Manual switching Exercise switching
Four-fiber bidirectional MSP
Revertive
50 ms
600s
SNCP
Table 13-28 lists the SNCP parameters.
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13-21
Table 13-28 SNCP parameters Protectio n Type SNCP Revertive Mode Revertive Nonrevertive Switching Time 50 ms 50 ms Default WTR Time 600s Switching Conditions Any of the following alarms triggers the switching of VC4 level SNCP: l R_LOF
l l l l l l l l l
R_LOC MS_AIS B2_EXC AU_AIS AU_LOP B3_EXC (Optional) B3_SD (Optional) HP_UNEQ (Optional) HP_TIM (Optional)
Any of the following alarms triggers the switching of VC3 level SNCP: l TU_LOP
l l l
TU_AIS B3_EXC (Optional) B3_SD (Optional)
Any of the following alarms triggers the switching of VC12 level SNCP: l TU_LOP
l l l
TU_AIS BIP_EXC (Optional) BIP_SD (Optional)
13.9 Transmission Performance

The transmission performance complies with ITU-T standards. Table 13-29 lists the transmission performance. Table 13-29 Transmission performance Performance Jitter at STM-N Interface Jitter at PDH Interface Bit Error Description Compliant with ITU-T G.813/G.825 Compliant with ITU-T G.823/G.783 Compliant with ITU-T G.826
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13.10 Power Supply Specifications

This topic describes the parameters adopted by the power supply of the OptiX OSN 9500. Table 13-30 lists the specifications of the power supply for the OptiX OSN 9500. Table 13-30 Power supply specifications Item Power supply mode Nominal voltage Voltage range Max. power consumption Max. current Specification DC power supply 48 V or 60 V 38.4 V to 57.6 V or 48 V to 72 V 2500 W 63 A
13.11 Power Consumption and Weight of Boards

This topic describes the boards of the OptiX OSN 9500, in terms of the name, power consumption and weight. Table 13-31 lists details on power consumption and weight of boards (difference < 10%). Table 13-31 Power consumption and weight of boards Board D64E D64D L64E JL64 F64E F64D O16E O16D Q16E JQ16 D16E JD16
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Power Consumption (W) 33 60 20 41 26 49 44 64 24 40 23 35

Weight (kg) 0.95 1 1 1 1.04 1.1 1.1 1.2 1 1 0.9 1

13-23
Board L16E JL16 L16L L16V JH41 JLQ4 JLH1 JLHE EGT6 EGT6A GE06 EGTH EGS8 EAS1 GXCH EXCH GXCL EXCL JSCC ESCC JSTG JSTI JEOW JCOM JPIU EMPU
Power Consumption (W) 22 32 20 49 61 48 60 45 78 78 70 78 70 81 85 52 36.5 78 35 48 24 0 20 35 15 10
Weight (kg) 0.9 1 0.9 1 1 1 1 1 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1 1.85 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.9 3.5 0.9
13-24
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Board JPBU
Power Consumption (W)

l
Weight (kg) 0.9
When the system is normal, the JPBU consumes less power, which can be neglected.. When the JPBU and EMPU jointly supply power for the MBUS of the system, the JPBU consumes 70 W power. When the power protection is started, the JPBU can provide power protection for one board. In this case, the maximum power consumption of the JPBU is 250 W.
JDCU JBPA JBA2
0 20 20
0.5 1.1 1.1
13.12 Electromagnetic Compatibility

This topic describes international electromagnetic compatibility standards that the OptiX OSN 9500 complies with. The OptiX OSN 9500 is designed on the basis of the communication center equipment complaint with the international electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards. According to the development of the EMC, Huawei specifies the EMC specifications for the international market of the product. Hence, the EMS specifications of the OptiX OSN 9500 show stricter EMC than other products. These EMS specifications are in accordance with international standards. Table 13-32 lists the related EMC standards that the OptiX OSN 9500 complies with. Table 13-32 International EMC standards that the OptiX OSN 9500 complies with Standard EN 300 386 V1.3.3 Description Electromagnetic compatibility and radio spectrum matters (ERM); Telecommunication network equipment; ElectroMagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements. Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of information technology equipment. Information technology equipment-Immunity characteristics-Limits and methods of measurement. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques; Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques; Section 3: Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test.
EN 55022 EN 55024 EN 61000-4-2
EN 61000-4-3
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13-25
Standard EN 61000-4-4
Description Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques; Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques; Section 5: Surge immunity test. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques; Section 6: Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part4-29: Testing and measurement techniques-Voltage dips, shot interruptions and voltage variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests. Power supply interface at the input totelecommunications equipment; Part 2: Operated by direct current (dc). Elecromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Additional ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) telecommunications equipment for enhanced availability of service in specific applications.
EN 61000-4-5 EN 61000-4-6
EN 61000-4-29
ETSI EN 300 132-2 ETSI ES 201 468 V1.3.1
13.13 Safety Standards

This topic describes safety standards that the OptiX OSN 9500 complies with. Table 13-33 lists the safety standards that the OptiX OSN 9500 complies with. Table 13-33 Safety standards that the OptiX OSN 9500 complies with Item EMC Standard CISPR22 Class A CISPR24 EN55022 Class A EN50024 ETSI EN 300 386 Class A ETSI ES 201 468 AS/NZS CISPR22 Class A GB9254 Class A VCCI Class A CNS 13438 Class A
13-26
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Item Safety
Standard IEC 60950-1 EN 60950-1 UL 60950-1 CSA C22.2 No 60950-1 AS/NZS 60950-1 BS EN 60950-1 IS 13252 ITU-T K.20 ITU-T K.44 GB4943
Laser safety
FDA rules, 21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11 IEC60825-1, IEC60825-2, EN60825-1, EN60825-2 GB7247
Health
ICNIRP Guideline 1999-519-EC EN 50385 OET Bulletin 65 IEEE Std C95.1 EN 60215
Environment protection Grounding
RoHS ITU-T K.27 ETSI EN 300 253
13.14 Environmental Specification

The equipment requires proper environment for normal operation. The equipment can operate normally in a long term in the environment defined in Table 13-34. Table 13-34 Environment specifications for long-term operation Specifications Altitude Air pressure Temperature Description 4000 m 70 kPa to 106 kPa 0 to 45
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13-27
Specifications Relative humidity Anti-seismic performance
Description 10% to 90% Compliant with ETS300-019-2-3-AMD
13.15 Environment Requirement

This topic describes the environment requirements of the OptiX OSN 9500, in terms of storage, transportation and operation. The following international standards are taken as the reference for specifying the environment requirements.
l l
ETS 300 019-1-3: Class 3.2 partly temperature-controlled locations NEBS GR-63-CORE: network equipment-building system (NEBS) requirements: physical protection
13.15.1 Environment for Storage The OptiX OSN 9500 has certain requirements for the storage environment. 13.15.2 Environment for Transportation The OptiX OSN 9500 has certain requirements for transportation. 13.15.3 Environment for Operation The OptiX OSN 9500 different requirements for operation.
13.15.1 Environment for Storage

The OptiX OSN 9500 has certain requirements for the storage environment.
Climate
Table 13-35 lists the climate requirements for storage of the OptiX OSN 9500. Table 13-35 Climate requirements for storage Item Altitude Air pressure Temperature Temperature change rate Relative Humidity Solar radiation Heat radiation
13-28
Range 4000 m 70 kPa to 106 kPa 40 to +70 1 /min 5%100% 1120 W/s2 600 W/s2
Item Air flowing speed
Range 30 m/s
Waterproof Requirement
The customer equipment on site should be stored indoors. No water should remain on the floor or leak to the equipment carton. The equipment should be placed away from places where water leakage is possible, such as near the auto fire-fighting facilities and heating facilities. If the equipment is stored outdoors, the following four conditions are required.
l l l l
The carton must be intact. Required rainproof measures must be taken to prevent water from entering the carton. No water is on the ground where the carton is placed. The carton must be free from direct exposure to sunshine.
Biological Environment
l l
Avoid multiplication of microbe, such as eumycete and mycete. Keep rodents such as mice away.
Air Cleanness
The air must be free from explosive, electric-conductive, magnetic-conductive or corrosive dust. The density of the mechanical active substances complies with the requirements specified in Table 13-36. Table 13-36 Density requirements for mechanical active substances during storage Mechanical Active Substance Suspending dust Preciptitable dust Gravel Density 5.00 mg/m3 20.0 mg/m2h 300 mg/m3
The density of the chemical active substances complies with the requirements defined by Table 13-37. Table 13-37 Density requirements for chemical active substances during storage Chemical Active Substance SO2
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Density 0.30 mg/m3
13-29
Chemical Active Substance H2S NOX NH3 Cl2 HCL HF O3
Density 0.10 mg/m3 0.50 mg/m3 1.00 mg/m3 0.10 mg/m3 0.10 mg/m3 0.01 mg/m3 0.05 mg/m3
Mechanical Stress
Table 13-38 lists the requirements for mechanical stress during storage. Table 13-38 Requirements for mechanical stress during storage Item Random vibration Sub-Item Acceleration spectral density Frequency range dB/oct Range 5 Hz10 Hz +12 0.02m2/s3 10 Hz50 Hz 50 Hz100 Hz 12
13.15.2 Environment for Transportation

The OptiX OSN 9500 has certain requirements for transportation.
Climate
Table 13-39 lists the climate requirements for transportation of the OptiX OSN 9500. Table 13-39 Climate requirements for transportation Item Altitude Air pressure Temperature Temperature change rate
13-30
Range 4000 m 70 kPa to 106 kPa 40 to +70 1/min

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Item Relative humidity Solar radiation Heat radiation Air flowing speed
Range 5%100% 1120 W/s 600 W/s 30 m/s
Waterproof Requirement
The following conditions are required for the transportation of the OptiX OSN 9500.
l l l
The carton must be intact. Required rainproof measures must be taken to prevent water from entering the carton. No water remains in the transportation tool.
l l
Air Cleanness
l
The air must be free from explosive, electric-conductive, magnetic-conductive or corrosive dust. The density of the mechanical active substances complies with the requirements defined by Table 13-40.
Table 13-40 Density requirements for mechanical active substances during transportation Mechanical Active Substance Suspending dust Preciptitable dust Gravel Content No requirement 3.0 mg/mh 100 mg/m
The density of the chemical active substances complies with the requirements defined by Table 13-41.
Table 13-41 Density requirements for chemical active substances during transportation Chemical Active Substance SO2
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Content 1.0 mg/m
13-31
Chemical Active Substance H2S NOX NH3 Cl2 HCL HF O3
Content 0.5 mg/m 1.0 mg/m 3.0 mg/m None 0.5 mg/m 0.03 mg/m 0.1 mg/m
Mechanical Stress
Table 13-42 lists the requirements for transportation of the OptiX OSN 9500 equipment. Table 13-42 Requirements for mechanical stress during transportation Item Random vibration Sub-Item Acceleration spectral density Frequency range Collision Response spectrum I (sample weight: > 50 kg) Response spectrum II (sample weight: 50 kg) Drop Weight (kg) < 10 < 15 < 20 < 30 < 40 < 50 < 100 > 100 Range 1 m2/s3 5 Hz20 Hz 3 dBA 20 Hz200 Hz
100 m/s, 11 ms, 100 times for each side 180 m/s, 6 ms, 100 times for each side Height (m) 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1
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Item Note:
Sub-Item
Range
Shocking response spectrum indicates the response curve of the maximum acceleration stimulated by specified shock. Static load is the pressure from upside, which the equipment with package can endure when the equipment is piled up in a specific manner.
13.15.3 Environment for Operation

The OptiX OSN 9500 different requirements for operation.
Climate
Table 13-43 lists the temperature and humidity requirements for operation of the OptiX OSN 9500. Table 13-43 Requirements for temperature and humidity Equipment Temperature Long-Term Operation OptiX OSN 9500
NOTE Description The temperature and humidity values are tested in the place 1.5 m above the floor and 0.4 m in front of the equipment. Short-term operation means that the consecutive working time of the equipment does not exceed 96 hours, and the accumulated working time every year does not exceed 15 days.
Relative Humidity Short-Term Operation 555 Long-Term Operation 10%90% Short-Term Operation 5%95%
045
Table 13-44 lists other climate requirements for operation of the OptiX OSN 9500. Table 13-44 Other climate requirements Item Altitude Air pressure Temperature change rate Solar radiation Heat radiation Air flowing speed Range 4000 m 70 kPa106 kPa 30/h 700 W/s 600 W/s 5 m/s
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13-33
l l
Air Cleanness
l
The air must be free from explosive, electric-conductive, magnetic-conductive or corrosive dust. The density of the mechanically active substances complies with the requirements defined by Table 13-45.
Table 13-45 Density requirements for mechanically active substances during operation Mechanical Active Substance Dust particle Suspending dust Preciptitable dust Gravel Content 3 x 105 particle/m 0.2 mg/m 1.5 mg/mh 20 mg/m
The density of the chemically active substances complies with the requirements defined by Table 13-46.
Table 13-46 Density requirements for chemically active substances during operation Chemical Active Substance SO2 H2S NH3 Cl2 HCL HF O3 NOX Content 0.3 mg/m 0.1 mg/m 1.0 mg/m 0.1 mg/m 0.1 mg/m 0.01 mg/m 0.05 mg/m 0.5 mg/m
Mechanical Stress
Table 13-47 lists the requirements of mechanical stress for operation of the OptiX OSN 9500.
Table 13-47 Requirements for mechanical stress during operation Item Sinusoidal vibration Sub-Item Velocity Acceleration Frequency range Non-steady shock Shocking response spectrum II Static load Note: Shocking response spectrum indicates the response curve of the maximum acceleration stimulated by specified shock. Static load is the pressure from upside, which the equipment with package can endure when the equipment is piled up in a specific manner. Range 5 mm/s 5 Hz62 Hz 2 m/s2 62 Hz200 Hz
Half-sin wave, 30 m/s2, 11 ms, thrice for each side 0
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14 Compliance Standards
14
About This Chapter
14.1 ITU-T Recommendations 14.2 IEEE Standards 14.3 IETF Standards 14.4 Environment Related Standards 14.5 EMC Related Standards
Compliance Standards
This chapter lists the standards that the OptiX OSN 9500 complies with.
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14-1
14.1 ITU-T Recommendations

Standard G.691 G.692 G.694.1 G.694.2 G.702 G.703 G.704 G.707 G.775 G.773 G.774 15 G.781 G.783 G.784 G.803 G.806 G.813 G.823 G.824 G.825 G.826 Description Optical interfaces for single-channel STM-64 system and other SDH systems with optical amplifiers Optical interfaces for multi-channel systems with optical amplifiers Spectral grids for WDM applications: DWDM frequency grid Spectral grids for WDM applications: CWDM wavelength grid Digital hierarchy bit rates Physical/Electrical characteristic of hierarchical digital interfaces Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and 44736kbit/s hierarchical levels Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) Loss of signal (LOS) and alarm indication signal (AIS) defect detection and clearance criteria Protocol suites for Q-interfaces for management of transmission systems Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) management information model for the network element view Synchronization layer functions Characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment functional blocks Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) management Architectures of transport networks based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) Characteristics of transport equipment - Description methodology and generic functionality Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks (SEC) The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy. The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 1544 kbit/s hierarchy. The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH). Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary rate.
14-2
Standard G.831 G.841 G.842 G.957 Q.811 Q.812 M.3010 G.661 G.662 G.663 X.86 G.7041 G.7042 G.7710 I.610
Description Management capabilities of transport networks based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH). Types and characteristics of SDH network protection architectures Cooperation of the SDH network protection structures Optical interfaces of equipments and systems relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy Lower layer protocol profiles for the Q3-interface Upper layer protocol profiles for the Q3-interface Principles for a telecommunications management network Definition and test methods for the relevant generic parameters of optical fiber amplifiers Generic characteristics of optical fiber amplifier devices and subsystems Application-related aspects of optical fiber amplifier devices and subsystems Ethernet over LAPS Generic framing procedure (GFP) Link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) Common equipment management function requirements B-ISDN operation and maintenance principles and functions
14.2 IEEE Standards

Standard IEEE802.3 2005 Description Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) access method and physical layer specification
14.3 IETF Standards

Standard RFC2615(1999) RFC1662(1994) Description Point-to-point protocol (PPP) over SONET/SDH PPP in HDLC-like framing
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14-3
Standard RFC1661(1994)
Description The point-to-point protocol (PPP)
14.4 Environment Related Standards

Standard EN 300 386 V1.3.3 Description Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Telecommunication network equipment; Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of information technology equipment Information technology equipment-Immunity characteristics-Limits and methods of measurement. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques; Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques; Section 3: Radiated, radio-frequency, Electromagnetic field immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques; Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques; Section 5: Surge immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques; Section 6: Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part4-29: Testing and measurement techniques-Voltage dips, shot interruptions and voltage variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests. Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications equipment; Part 2: Operated by direct current (dc). Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Additional Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) telecommunications equipment for enhanced availability of service in specific applications. Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Classification of environmental conditions
EN 55022 EN 55024 EN 61000-4-2
EN 61000-4-3
EN 61000-4-4
EN 61000-4-5 EN 61000-4-6
EN 61000-4-29
ETSI EN 300 132-2 ETSI ES 201 468 V1.3.1
ETSI EN 300 019-1
14-4
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Standard ETSI EN 300 019-2
Description Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Specification of environmental tests Equipment Engineering (EE); Acoustic noise emitted by telecommunications equipment Environmental testing; Part 1: General and guidance Basic environmental testing procedures; Part 2: Tests Classification of environmental conditions-Part 1: Environmental parameters and their severities Classification of environmental conditions-Part 2: Environmental conditions appearing in nature Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) Specification for environmental testing of electronic equipments for transmission and switching use (An Indian standard) NEBS Requirements: Physical Protection Environmental testing for electric and electronic products Interim Provisions for Test of Anti-seismic Performances of Telecommunications Equipment
ETSI EN 300 753 IEC 60068-1 IEC 60068-2 IEC 600721-1 IEC 600721-2 IEC 600529 QM333 GR-63 GB/T 2423 YD5083-99
14.5 EMC Related Standards

EMC Related Standards IEC 61000-4-2 EN 61000-4-2 IEC 61000-4-3 EN 61000-4-3 IEC 61000-4-4 EN 61000-4-4 IEC 61000-4-5 EN 61000-4-5 IEC 61000-4-6 EN 61000-4-6 Description Electromagnetic compatibility-Part4-2: Testing and measurement techniques-Electrostatic discharge immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques-Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part 4-4: Testing and measurement techniques-Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques-Surge immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part 4-6: Testing and measurement techniques-Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields
Issue 01 (2008-12-20)
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EMC Related Standards IEC 61000-4-29 EN 61000-4-29 CISPR 22/EN 55022 CISPR 24/EN 55024 ETSI EN 300386
Description Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part 4-29: Testing and measurement techniques-Voltage dips, shot interruptions and voltage variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests Information technology equipment-Radio disturbance characteristicsLimits and methods of measurement Information technology equipment-immunity characteristics-Limits and methods of measurement Electromagnetic compatibility and radio spectrum matters (ERM); Telecommunication network equipment; Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements Electromagnetic compatibility and radio spectrum matters (ERM); Additional electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) telecommunications equipment for enhanced availability of service in specific applications Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications equipment; Part 2: Operated by direct current (dc)
ETSI EN 201468
ETSI EN 300132-2
14-6
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15 Basic Principles
15
About This Chapter
Basic Principles
This topic describes the SDH principles, basic Ethernet technologies, and link aggregation and QinQ principles. 15.1 Introduction to SDH This topic describes the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) levels, multiplexing structures, frame structures, and overhead bytes. 15.2 Introduction to Ethernet This topic describes the basic Ethernet principles and the frame structure. 15.3 Link Aggregation This topic describes the basic principles and frame structure of link aggregation. 15.4 QinQ Principle This topic describes the basic principles and frame structure of the QinQ technology.
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15 Basic Principles
15.1 Introduction to SDH

This topic describes the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) levels, multiplexing structures, frame structures, and overhead bytes. 15.1.1 SDH Levels The first level bit rate of SDH is 155520 kbit/s. Signals of higher levels can be generated by interleaving N signals of the base SDH level (N= 4, 16, 64). 15.1.2 Multiplexing Structure The multiplexing structure of the OptiX OSN 9500 complies with the requirements specified in ITU-T Recommendations. 15.1.3 Basic Frame Structure The basic STM-N frame structure consists of RSOH, MSOH, POH, AU pointer, and payload. 15.1.4 SOH Description The SOH bytes include STM-1 SOH, STM-4 SOH, STM-16 SOH, and STM-64 SOH. 15.1.5 Path Overhead (POH) Bytes Description The POH bytes include higher order path overhead bytes and lower order path overhead bytes.
15.1.1 SDH Levels

The first level bit rate of SDH is 155520 kbit/s. Signals of higher levels can be generated by interleaving N signals of the base SDH level (N= 4, 16, 64). Table 15-1 lists the SDH levels and the corresponding bit rates. Table 15-1 SDH levels and the corresponding bit rates SDH level STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 STM-64 STM-64 (out-of-band FEC) Bit rate (kbit/s) 155520 622080 2488320 9953280 10664228
15.1.2 Multiplexing Structure

The multiplexing structure of the OptiX OSN 9500 complies with the requirements specified in ITU-T Recommendations. Figure 15-1 shows the multiplexing structure of the OptiX OSN series products.
15-2
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15 Basic Principles
Figure 15-1 Multiplexing structure
STM-64 64 STM-16 16 STM-4 4 STM-1 AUG-1 4 16 4
AU-4-64c
VC-4-64c
C4-64c
AU-4-16c
VC-4-16c
C4-16c
AU-4-4c
VC-4-4c
C4-4c
AU-4
VC-4 3 1
7
C-4
3 Pointer justification Multiplexing Aligning Mapping AU-3 VC-3
TUG-3
TU-3
VC-3 C-3
TUG-2
3
TU-12 TU-11
VC-12 VC-11
C-12 C-11
15.1.3 Basic Frame Structure

The basic STM-N frame structure consists of RSOH, MSOH, POH, AU pointer, and payload. Figure 15-2 shows the STM-N frame structure. Figure 15-2 STM-N frame structure
270 X N columns (bytes) 9 X N columns (bytes)
High-order path overhead POH
261 X N columns (bytes)
Transmission direction
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Multiplex section overhead MSOH

Administrative unit pointer (s) AU-PTR
Regenerator section overhead RSOH
STM -N payload Payloa d
9 rows
Frame n-1 Frame cycle: 125 mS

7 Scrambler: X + X 6 +1
Frame n 9 X 270 X N bytes T=125 mS
Frame n+1
Information code stream
15.1.4 SOH Description

The SOH bytes include STM-1 SOH, STM-4 SOH, STM-16 SOH, and STM-64 SOH.
STM-1 SOH
Figure 15-3 shows the structure of STM-1 SOH.
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15 Basic Principles
Figure 15-3 STM-1 SOH
9 bytes
A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 B1 D 1 E1 D 2
J0 F1 D 3
RSOH
Serial Serial 1 2
ADMINISTRATIVE Unit Pointer(s) 9 rows
B2 B2 B2 K1 D 4 D 7 D10 S1
X *
Serial 4
K2 D 6 D 9 D12 M1 E2
Serial 3
D 5 D 8 D11
MSOH
Bytes reserved for national use Unscrambled bytes
Media dependent bytes Note: All unmarked bytes are reserved for future international standardization (for media dependent,additional national use and other purpose).
STM-4 SOH
15-4
Issue 01 (2008-12-20)
15 Basic Principles

36 bytes * * * A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 J0 Z0 Z0 Z0 B1 D1 9 Rows E1 D2 Administrative Unit Pointer(s) AU-PTR B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 K1 D4 D7 D10 S1 D5 D8 D11 M1 K2 D6 D9 D12 E2 MSOH F1 D3 * * * * * * * * RSOH
X Bytes reserved for national use * Unscrambled bytes NOTE: All unmarked bytes are reserved for future international standardization (for media dependent,additional national use and other purpose).
STM-16 SOH
Figure 15-5 shows the structure of STM-16 SOH. Figure 15-5 STM-16 SOH
144 bytes
A1 B1 D1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A2 E1 D2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 J0 F1 D3 * Z0 * * * *
9 rows
Administrative Unit Pointer(s) AU-PTR

B2 D4 D7 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 K1 D5 D8 K2 D6 D9
D10
S1 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1
D11
Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2
D12
E2
Z2 M1 ... Z2 Z2 * Unscrambled bytes NOTE: All unmarked bytes are reserved for future international standardization (for media dependent,additional national use and other purpose).
X Bytes reserved for national use
STM-64 SOH
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15 Basic Principles

576
A1 B1 D1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A2 E1 D2 A2
bytes
A2 A2 A2 A2 J0 F1 D3 * Z0 * * * *
9 rows
Administrative Unit Pointer(s) AU-PTR

B2 D4 D7 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 K1 D5 D8 K2 D6 D9
D10
S1 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1
D11
Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2
D12
E2
Bytes reserved for national use ... Z2 M1 Z2 Z2 * Unscrambled bytes Note: All unmarked bytes are reserved for future international standardization (for media dependent,additional national use and other purpose). X
SOH Bytes Description

Table 15-2 SOH bytes description Byte A1, A2 B1 B2 D1, D2, D3 D4D12 E1 E2 F1 H1, H2 H3 J0 K1, K2 (b1 b5) K2 (b6b8) M1 S1 (b5b8) Serial14
15-6
Description Framing byte(A1 = F6H, A2 = 28H) Regenerator section error monitoring BIP-8 byte Multiplex section error monitoring BIP-24 x N byte Regenerator section DCC channel byte, 192 kbit/s Multiplex section DCC channel byte, 576 kbit/s Regenerator section orderwire byte, 64 kbit/s Multiplex section orderwire byte, 64 kbit/s User channel byte ( to provide temporary data/voice channel connections for special maintenance purpose ) Administrative unit pointer byte Negative justification opportunity byte Regenerator section trace byte Multiplex section automatic protection switching (APS) channel byte Multiplex section remote defect indication (MS-RDI) byte Multiplex section remote error indication (MS-REI) byte Synchronization status byte Broadcast data byte
15 Basic Principles
Byte Others
Description To be determined in the future
15.1.5 Path Overhead (POH) Bytes Description

The POH bytes include higher order path overhead bytes and lower order path overhead bytes.
Higher Order Path Overhead Bytes

Table 15-3 Description of the VC-3/VC-4/VC-4-xc POH bytes Byte J1 B3 C2 G1 F2, F3 H4 K3 (b1-b4) K3 (b5-b8) N1 Description Path trace byte Path BIP-8 byte Signal label byte Path status byte Path user channels byte Multiframe indicator byte Automatic protection switching (APS) channel byte Spare byte Network operator byte
Note: The VC-4 POH is located in the first column of the 9-row by 261-column VC-4 structure. The VC-4-xc POH is located in the first column of the 9-row by 261 x X-column VC-4-Xc structure (cascaded by X VC-4s).
Lower Order Path Overhead Bytes

Table 15-4 Description of the VC-12 POH bytes Byte V5 J2 N2 K4 Description V5 byte (error checking, signal label and path status) Path trace byte Network operator byte Automatic protection switching (APS) channel byte
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15 Basic Principles
15.2 Introduction to Ethernet

This topic describes the basic Ethernet principles and the frame structure. 15.2.1 Basic Technologies The OptiX OSN 9500 supports the transmission of Ethernet services. 15.2.2 Ethernet Frame Structure The OSN quipment series support the Ethernet frame structure based on the Ethernet_II, IEEE 802.3, and Ethernet_SNAP.
15.2.1 Basic Technologies

The OptiX OSN 9500 supports the transmission of Ethernet services.
Half-Duplex CSMA/CD
According to the initial design objective of Ethernet, computers and other digital equipment are connected through a shared physical line. The computers and digital equipment connected in this way must visit this physical line in the half-duplex mode. Moreover, a mechanism to detect and avoid conflict must be provided to prevent several pieces of equipment contending for the line at the same time. This is so called CSMA/CD. It works in the following process: A piece of terminal equipment detects the status of the shared line continuously and transmits data only in the idle status. Otherwise, it will wait until the line is idle. At this time, if another piece of equipment is transmitting data, the data sent by the two will inevitably conflict, making the signal on the line unstable. Once detecting the conflict, the terminal equipment stops transmitting data quickly and then sends a succession of interfering pulse. After waiting for a period of time, it sends the data again. The purpose of sending interfering pulse is to notify other equipment, especially the one sending data at the same time, that conflict occurs on the line. The waiting time after detection of conflict is random but increasing gradually.
Full-Duplex Ethernet and Ethernet Switch

In 1990, the appearance of the 10BAST-T Ethernet based on twisted pair cable is the most important event in the history of Ethernet. Using twisted pair cable as the transmission medium of Ethernet not only increases flexibility and reduces the cost, but also introduces an efficient operation mode: full duplex. In full-duplex mode, the data is transmitted and received simultaneously. Hub, the traditional network equipment, does not support full-duplex, because inside the hub is a bus, over which data is transmitted and received, therefore no way for full-duplex communication. To achieve full-duplex, a new type of equipment must be introduced, namely the switch. The switch is the same as the hub in appearance. They both have multiple ports, each of which connects to terminal equipment and other multiple-port equipment. Instead of a shared bus, inside the switch is a digital cross-connect network, which temporarily connects every terminal, enabling the terminals to transmit data independently. In addition, the switch sets a buffer area for each port, storing the data transmitted from terminals temporarily, and performs switching after idle resources are available. It is the appearance of the switch that changes the original 10/100 Mbit/s shared structure to 20/200 Mbit/s exclusive structure, greatly enhancing the
15 Basic Principles
transmission efficiency. Moreover, some software can be added to the switch to implement additional services, such as VLAN, priority, redundant link, and so on.
Auto Negotiation
In practice, Ethernet can transmit data in full duplex mode or half duplex mode at the rate of 10 Mbit/s, or 100 Mbit/s, through type 5 twisted pair cable or type 3 twisted pair. If each terminal equipment is configured manually, it will be laborious and unable to be maintained. Auto negotiation emerges as the times requires for addressing this problem. Through auto negotiation, the equipment at both ends of a physical link selects a transmission mode automatically by exchanging information. Auto negotiation is based on the Ethernet connected by twisted pair cable, so only effective for such an Ethernet. The contents of auto negotiation include duplex mode, bit rate, flow control, and so on. If the negotiation passes, the equipment at the both ends of the link will work in the mode negotiated.
15.2.2 Ethernet Frame Structure

The OSN quipment series support the Ethernet frame structure based on the Ethernet_II, IEEE 802.3, and Ethernet_SNAP. Figure 15-7 shows the Ethernet frame structure of OSN series products. Figure 15-7 Ethernet frame structure
Unit: byte 6 6 2
Protocol type
46-1500
Data
4 FCS
Destination Source MAC MAC
Ethernet_II 6
Destination MAC
6
Source MAC
2
Protocol length
1 802.3
43-1497
Data
4 FCS
DSAP SSAP CTL
Destination Source MAC MAC
Protocol length
3 1 1 1 0xAA 0xAA CTL OC Ethernet_SNAP
2
Protocol type
38-1492
Data
4 FCS
15.3 Link Aggregation

This topic describes the basic principles and frame structure of link aggregation. 15.3.1 Overview Link aggregation means bundling multiple physical links that are connected to one piece of equipment. The aggregated links are considered as one link. 15.3.2 Characteristics Link aggregation includes manual aggregation, static aggregation, and dynamic aggregation. 15.3.3 Link Aggregation Classification
15 Basic Principles
Link aggregation is classified into manual aggregation, static aggregation, and dynamic aggregation.
15.3.1 Overview
Link aggregation means bundling multiple physical links that are connected to one piece of equipment. The aggregated links are considered as one link.
Concepts
The schematic diagram of link aggregation, see Figure 15-8. Figure 15-8 Schematic diagram of link aggregation
traffic
15.3.2 Characteristics
Link aggregation includes manual aggregation, static aggregation, and dynamic aggregation.
Enhancing Link Availability

In link aggregation, links back up each other dynamically. When a link breaks, the other links can quickly provide a backup. The switching process takes place within the aggregation. It is unrelated with the other links.
Increasing Link Capacity

The aggregation technology can improve the link transmission capability economically. Without upgrading the existing equipment, the user can obtain a data link of larger bandwidth, which is equal to the capacity of a number of physical links. The aggregation module allocates the traffic to different members according to a certain algorithm to realize load balancing at the link level.
15.3.3 Link Aggregation Classification

Link aggregation is classified into manual aggregation, static aggregation, and dynamic aggregation.
l
Manual aggregation
The aggregation is manually configured, and the port does not run the link aggregation control protocol (LACP).
l
Static aggregation
The aggregation is manually configured, and the port runs the LACP.

l
15 Basic Principles
Dynamic aggregation
The LACP based on IEEE 802.3ad is used.
15.4 QinQ Principle

This topic describes the basic principles and frame structure of the QinQ technology. 15.4.1 Introduction to QinQ The QinQ technology is a VLAN stacking technology, which conforms to the recommendation for S-VLAN in IEEE 802.1ad and is an expansion of the VLAN technology that complies with IEEE 802.1q. 15.4.2 QinQ Data Frame Structure The QinQ data frame structure involves the VLAN tag types, including S-VLAN and C-VLAN.
15.4.1 Introduction to QinQ

The QinQ technology is a VLAN stacking technology, which conforms to the recommendation for S-VLAN in IEEE 802.1ad and is an expansion of the VLAN technology that complies with IEEE 802.1q. Advantages of the QinQ technology are as follows:
l
Expands VLAN and alleviates VLAN resource insufficiency. For example, a VLAN providing 4096 VLAN IDs can provide 4096 x 4096 VLANs after VLAN stacking. Extends LAN service to WAN, connecting the client network to the carrier network and supporting transparent transmission.
15.4.2 QinQ Data Frame Structure

The QinQ data frame structure involves the VLAN tag types, including S-VLAN and C-VLAN.
VLAN Tag Types

IEEE 802.1ad defines two VLAN tag types, as shown in Figure 15-9.
l l
Customer VLAN tag, defined as C-VLAN Server layer VLAN tag, defined as S-VLAN
Figure 15-9 QinQ data frame structure

6 Bytes Destination MAC 6 Bytes Source MAC 4 Bytes 4 Bytes 2 Bytes 4 Bytes
S-VLAN lable
C-VLAN lable
Length/type
Data
FCS
The maximum length of the frame is determined by the port attribute settings of the equipment.
15 Basic Principles
Structure of S-VLAN and C-VLAN

The 4-byte S-VLAN and C-VLAN tags can be further divided into two parts: TPID and TCI, each of which has two bytes.
l
TPID
TPID indicates the type of the VLAN tag. The TPID of C-VLAN is fixed to 0X8100 and that of S-VLAN is configurable, as shown in Table 15-5. Table 15-5 TPID settings Tag type C-VLAN TAG S-VLAN TAG Name 802.1Q Tag Protocol Type (802.1Q TagType) 802.1Q Service Tag Type (802.1Q S Tag Type) ID 0X8100 Configurable
C-VLAN tag (C-TAG) is used to identify customer VLAN and is used on VLAN Bridge and PEB equipment. S-VLAN tag (S-TAG) is used to identify server VLAN and is used on PB and PEB equipment.
TCI
The TCI structure of S-TAG is basically the same as that of C-TAG, as shown in Figure 15-10 and Figure 15-11. VLAN ID (VID) is still 12 bits, ranging from 0 to 4095. The difference is that S-TAG introduces the concept of Drop Eligible (DE). Priority code point (PCP), used with DE, indicates the priority of S-TAG frame. Figure 15-10 C-TAG TCI structure
Octets:
1 PCP CFI 6 5 4 1
2 VID 8 1
Bits:
Figure 15-11 S-TAG TCI structure
Octets:
1 PCP DE 6 5 4 1
2 VID 8 1
Bits:
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Issue 01 (2008-12-20)
16 Glossary
16
Numerics 1:N protection 1+1 protection 10BASE-T 100BASE-TX 100BASE-T
Glossary
A 1:1 protection architecture has n channels of normal traffic signals, that is, n working SNCs/trails and one protection SNC/trail. It can transmit extra traffic. A 1+1 protection architecture has one normal traffic signal, one working SNC/trail, one protection SNC/trail and a permanent bridge. The specification of the 10 Mbit/s CSMA/CD local area network based on two pairs of twisted cables at the physical layer. The specification of the 1000 Mbit/s CSMA/CD local area network based on two pairs of category-5 UTP or STP cables at the physical layer. The specification of the 100 Mbit/s CSMA/CD local area network at the physical layer.
A ADM Add/Drop Multiplexing. Network elements that provide access to all, or some subset of the constituent signals contained within an STM-N signal. The constituent signals are added to (inserted), and/or dropped from (extracted) the STM-N signal as it passed through the ADM. Alarm Indication Signal. A signal sent downstream in a digital network if an upstream failure has been detected and persists for a certain time. An interface used to input alarm signals. An interface used to output alarm signals.
AIS Alarm input interface Alarm output interface
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16 Glossary
ASON
Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON). ASON is a sort of intelligent optical network. The service request can be launched by the client dynamically, and the system will automatically search route and establish/disconnect service connection through signaling control. It integrates switching and transmission, and becomes a new generation of optical network.
B Bandwidth The value that is numerically equal to the lowest frequency at which the magnitude of the baseband transfer function of an optical fiber decreases to a specified fraction, generally to -3 dB optical (-6 dB electrical), of the zero frequency value. NOTE - The bandwidth is limited by several mechanisms: mainly modal distortion and chromatic dispersion in multi-mode fibers. BITS Building Integrated Timing Supply. A building timing supply that minimizes the number of synchronization links entering an office. Sometimes referred to as a synchronization supply unit.
C Control plane A set of communicating entities that is responsible for the establishment of connections including set-up, release, supervision and maintenance. A control plane is supported by a signaling network.
D DCM Dispersion Compensation Module. DCM is a module, which contains dispersion compensation fibers to compensate the positive dispersion of transmitting fiber. Dual Node Interconnection. Both ring networks have two nodes interconnected with each other. DNI not only provides protection for ringcross services but also for either failed node of two interconnected nodes. Therefore, it improves network availability. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing. DWDM technology utilizes the characteristics of broad bandwidth and low attenuation of single mode optical fiber, employs multiple wavelengths with spacing of 100GHz or 50GHz as carriers, and allows multiple channels to transmit simultaneously in the same fiber.
DNI
DWDM
E ECC Embedded Control Channel. An ECC provides a logical operations channel between SDH NEs, utilizing a data communications channel (DCC) as its physical layer.
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Issue 01 (2008-12-20)
16 Glossary
Ethernet
A data link level protocol comprising the OSI model's bottom two layers. It is a broadcast networking technology that can use several different physical media, including twisted pair cable and coaxial cable. Ethernet usually uses CSMA/CD. TCP/IP is commonly used with Ethernet networks. European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI
F Fan tray assembly Free-run mode A tray with a set of fans which is used for heat dissipation. An operating condition of a clock, the output signal of which is strongly influenced by the oscillating element and not controlled by servo phaselocking techniques. In this mode the clock has never had a network reference input, or the clock has lost external reference and has no access to stored data, that could be acquired from a previously connected external reference. Free-run begins when the clock output no longer reflects the influence of a connected external reference, or transition from it. Freerun terminates when the clock output has achieved lock to an external reference.
I Intelligent service Intelligent service between the user and the transmission network is configured directly by the T2000. The service within the transmission network is requested by the T2000 and then created by the control plane of an NE through signaling.
L LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme. A solution features flexible bandwidth and dynamic adjustment. In addition, it provides a failure tolerance mechanism, which enhances the viability of virtual concatenations and enables the dynamic adjustment to bandwidth (nonservice affecting). The fault of each path on the optical fiber can be located by setting loopback for each path of the line. There are three kinds of loopback modes: Noloop, Outloop, and Inloop.
Loopback
M MSP Multiplex Section Protection. The MSP function provides capability for switching a signal from a working to a protection section.
Issue 01 (2008-12-20)
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16 Glossary
MSTP
Multi-service transmission platform. It is based on the SDH platform, capable of accessing, processing and transmitting TDM services, ATM services, and Ethernet services, and providing unified management of these services. An equipment which combines a number of tributary channels onto a fewer number of aggregate bearer channels, the relationship between the tributary and aggregate channels being fixed.
Multiplexer
O Orderwire Overhead information It establishes the voice communication among the operators and maintenance engineers work in each working station. Auxiliary Channel Overhead Information is information that may be transferred by an optical network layer but which does not by necessity have to be associated with a particular connection. An example of such an auxiliary channel is a data communications channel for the purposes of transferring management data between management entities. NOTE These management entities are not trail termination and adaptation functions.
R Receiver overload Receiver sensitivity Regeneration Receiver overload is the maximum acceptable value of the received average power at point R to achieve a 1 x 10-10 BER. Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum acceptable value of average received power at point R to achieve a 1 x 10-10 BER. The process of receiving and reconstructing a digital signal so that the amplitudes, waveforms and timing of its signal elements are constrained within specified limits.
S S1 byte To implement protection switching of clocks in the whole network, the NE must learn about the clock quality information of the clock reference source it traces. Therefore, ITU-T defines S1 byte to transmit the network synchronization status information. Synchronous Digital Hierarchy. A hierarchical set of digital transport structures, standardized for the transport of suitably adapted payloads over physical transmission networks. Service Level Agreement. A negotiated agreement between an end user and the service provider. Its significance varies depending on the service offerings. The SLA may include a number of attributes such as, but not limited to, traffic contract, availability, performance, encryption, authentication, pricing and billing mechanism.
SDH
SLA
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Issue 01 (2008-12-20)
16 Glossary
SNCP
SubNetwork Connection Protection. A working subnetwork connection is replaced by a protection subnetwork connection if the working subnetwork connection fails, or if its performance falls below a required level. Synchronization Status Message. ITU-T defines S1 byte to transmit the network synchronization status information. It uses the lower four bits of the multiplex section overhead S1 byte to indicate 16 types of synchronization quality grades. Synchronous Transport Module. An STM is the information structure used to support section layer connections in the SDH. It consists of information payload and Section Overhead (SOH) information fields organized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125 ms. The information is suitably conditioned for serial transmission on the selected media at a rate which is synchronized to the network. A basic STM is defined at 155.520 kbit/s.
SSM
STM-N
T TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Common name for the suite of protocols developed to support the construction of worldwide internetworks.
V Virtual concatenation It is the payload whose transmission bandwidth is bigger than VC-4. It combines multiple VC-4 payloads (successive or non-successive) to form a virtual large structure VC-4-Xv in concatenation mode for transmission.
W Wander The long-term variations of the significant instants of a digital signal from their ideal position in time (where long-term implies that these variations are of frequency less than 10 Hz). A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled working.
Working path
Issue 01 (2008-12-20)
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17 Acronyms and Abbreviations
17
A AIS ATM AU APS AM ASON ASTN
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Alarm Indication Signal Asynchronous Transfer Mode Administrative Unit Automatic Protection Switch Administration Module Automatically Switched Optical Network Automatically Switched Transport Network
B BITS BOM BIOS BER Building Integrated Timing Supply system Bill of Material Basic Input/Output System Bit Error Rate
C CMM CPU CM CR-LDP CSPF Capability Maturity Model Central Processing Unit Configuration Management Constrained Route - Label Distribution Protocol Constrained Shortest Path First
D
DC DCC DCF DCG DCM DCU DIP DLAG DNI DWDM DXC
Direct Current Data Communication Channel Dispersion Compensation Fiber Dispersion Compensation Grating Dispersion Compensation Module Dispersion Compensation Unit Dual-In-line Package Distributed Link Aggregation Group Dual Node Interconnection Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Digital Cross Connect System
E ECC EDFA EMC EMI EMPU EN ESD ETS ETSI Embedded Control Channel Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier Electro Magnetic Compatibility ElectroMagnetic Interference Electromechanical Information Processing Board End Node Electrostatic Discharge European Telecommunication Standard European Telecommunications Standards Institute
F FDDI FPGA Fiber Distributed Data Interface Field Programmable Gate Array
G GE GMPLS GND Gigabit Ethernet Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching Ground
17-2
Issue 01 (2008-12-20)
H HDLC HP HPT High level Data Link Control; Higher Order Path Higher Order Path Termination
I IEEE IP ITU-T ION Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Internet Protocol International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector Intelligent Optical Network
L LAN LAPS LCT LMP LOF LOP LOS Local Area Network Link Access Procedure-SDH Local Craft Terminal Link Management Protocol Loss Of Frame Loss of Pointer Loss Of Signal
M MADM MAN MBUS MCF MESH MLM MPI-R MPI-S MPLS MS MSA
Issue 01 (2008-12-20)
Multi Add and Drop Multiplexer Metropolitan-Area Network Maintenance BUS Message Communication Function Mesh Multi-Longitudinal Mode (laser) Main Path Interface at the Receiver Main Path Interface at the Transmitter Multiprotocol Label Switching Multiplex Section Multiplex Section Adaptation
MSOH MSP MST MSTP
Multiplex Section Overhead Multiplexer Section Protection Multiplex Section Termination Multi-Service Transmission Platform
N NA NNI NRZ Network Address Network Network Interface Non Return to Zero code
O OAM&P OCS ODF OIF OOF OSI OSN OSPF OTN OVPN Operation, Administration, Maintenance and Provision Optical Core Switching Optical Distribution Frame Optical Internetworking Forum Out of Frame Open Systems Interconnection Optical Switch Node Open Shortest Path First Optical Transmission Network Optical Virtual Private Network
P PGND PHY PIU POH POS PWM Protection Ground Physical Sublayer & Physical Layer Power Interface Unit Path Overhead Packet Over SDH Pulse-Width Modulation
R RDI Remote Defect Indication
17-4
Issue 01 (2008-12-20)
RSOH RST RSVP-TE
Regenerator Section Overhead Regenerator Section Termination RSVP with Traffic Engineering extensions
S SBS SCC SDH SEMF SETS SLA SLM SNCP SNCTP SOH SPI SRAM SSM STG STM-1 STM-16 STM-4 STM-64 Synchronous Information Backbone System System Control & Communication Unit Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Synchronous Equipment Management Function Synchronous Equipment Timing Source Service Level Agreement Single Longitudinal Mode Sub-Network Connection Protection Sub-Network Connection Tunnel Protection Section Overhead SDH physical interface Static Random Access Memory Synchronization Status Message Synchronous Timing Generator SDH Transport Module -1 SDH Transport Module -16 SDH Transport Module -4 SDH Transport Module -64
T TCP TMN TU TUG Transmission Control Protocol Telecommunications Management Network Tributary Unit Tributary Unit Group
Issue 01 (2008-12-20)
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OptiX OSN 9500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Product Description

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5 Ethernet Features .......................................................................................................................5-1

6 DCN Features .............................................................................................................................6-1

OptiX OSN 9500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Product Description

8 Configuration and Networking...............................................................................................8-1

9.3 Clock Synchronization Protection ................................................................................................................9-10

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17 Acronyms and Abbreviations..............................................................................................17-1

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OptiX OSN 9500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Product Description

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OptiX OSN 9500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Product Description

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Network planning engineers

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OptiX OSN 9500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Product Description

Chapter 2 Functions 3 Hardware Architecture 4 Software Architecture 5 Ethernet Features

6 DCN Features 7 ASON Features 8 Configuration and Networking

13 Technical Specifications 14 Compliance Standards 15 Basic Principles

16 Glossary 17 Acronyms and Abbreviations

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Convention [] { x | y | ... } [ x | y | ... ] { x | y | ... } * [ x | y | ... ] *

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Updates in Issue 01 (2008-12-20) Based on Product Version V100R006

Updates in Issue 01 (2007-12-31) Based on Product Version V100R005

Updates in Issue 03 (2007-06-30) Based on Product Version V100R004

Updates in Issue 02 (2007-02-10) Based on Product Version V100R004

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OptiX OSN 9500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Product Description

Several bugs in this document of the previous version are fixed.

Updates in Issue 01 (2006-08-10) Based on Product Version V100R004

Updates in Issue 03 (2006-06-20) Based on Product Version V100R003C02

Updates in Issue 02 (2005-12-20) Based on Product Version V100R003C02

Updates in Issue 01 (2005-11-05) Based on Product Version V100R003C02

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OptiX OSN 9500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Product Description

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OptiX OSN 9500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Product Description

Figure 1-1 Front view of the OptiX OSN 9500 subrack

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OptiX OSN 9500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Product Description