Chapter 2: Member Design

Section 2 : Compression Members

27/9/00

Failure modes

Local buckling Overall yielding Overall buckling

.2

27/9/00

Local buckling Slender or Not?

I and H Sections Fig 5 and Table11

T r Web

Outstand

Not slender if:

b / T < 15

d/t <

120 1 + 2.0r2

or conservatively

B
= 275 py

d / t < 40

r2 =

Fc Agpy
.3

27/9/00

Local buckling Slender or Not?

b Flange Web d B
= 275 py
HF Rectangular Hollow Sections Fig 5 and Table 12 Not slender if:

b / t < 40 d/t < 120 1 + 2.0r2

or conservatively

d / t < 40 r2 = Fc Agpy
.4

b = B 3t

d = D 3t

27/9/00

Overall yielding

Pc = y Ag
Satisfied by overall buckling check

Pc = c Ag
.5

27/9/00

Elastic Buckling of Columns

Euler Buckling Load
L

2 EI Pcr = L2
Buckling stress

2 EA p cr = (L / r) 2
.6

Factors that affect overall buckling of columns

2 T -125 N/mm C +260 N/mm 2 C C C T C +55 N/mm 2

=L / 1000
T C

Rolled Section

C C

Out of straightness
C T

C T Web Distribution

Welded section

27/9/00

Overall buckling (1)

Fc < Pc
Buckling resistance Pc Class 1 2 or 3 Pc = Ag pc Class 4 Pc = Aeff pcs
.8

Factor Influences Overall buckling

p
y

27/9/00

Plateau due to yielding

c

Elastic Critical Euler curve

pE =

2E 2 Elastic Failure

Practical Region L/ry

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Effective Length of Column Residual Stresses Member initial out-of-straightness Types of cross section Local buckling of component plate
.9

27/9/00

Buckling Resistance
Buckling resistance Pc Class 1 2 or 3 Pc = Ag pc Class 4 Pc = Aeff pcs

.10

27/9/00

Effective Area, Aeff

For sections which are slender under axial load (see Fig. 8 in code)
20t 20t

20t

20t

t 20t

20t

Rolled I Section

Hot finished RHS

.11

27/9/00

Overall Buckling (2)

Slenderness Slenderness = () Class1, 2 and 3 cross sections = LE/r Class 4 (slender) cross sections = LE/r (Aeff /Ag)0.5 The value of the compressive strength pc is obtained from table 24

.12

27/9/00

Strut Curves

Four TABLES 24a, 24b, 24c, 24c Corresponding to 4 strut curves

.13

27/9/00

UK Strut Curves for S275 Steel

280 260 200 p c

HF SHS, I (x-x) H (x-x), I (y-y), welded box, Welded I and H about x-x

100 80 60 40 20

H (y-y), welded H or I about (y-y) Colded formed SHS Thick sections

0 10 30 50 70 90 110 UK a=3.5 UK a=8.0 130 150

UK a=2.0 UK a=5.5

.14

27/9/00

Part of Table 24
Table 24 Compressive strength pc 1) 235 15 20 25 30 40 42 235 234 232 229 223 222 Values of pc in N/mm2 for strut curve a Steel Grade S275 245 245 244 241 239 233 231 255 255 254 251 248 242 240 265 265 264 261 258 251 249 275 275 273 270 267 260 258
.15

27/9/00

Table 23 Allocation of Strut Curve

Type of section Maximum Thickness mm HF SHS CF SHS I Section I Section H Section H Section Angles, channels and Ts Axis of Buckling x-x y-y

<40mm >40mm <40mm >40mm

(a) (c) (a) (b) (b) (c) (c)

(a) (c) (b) (c) (c) (d) (c)

.16

27/9/00

.17

27/9/00

Table 22 Effective Length

Restraint Position Position Direction Position Direction Direction

Restraint Practical LE

Position 1.0 L

Position 0.85 L

Position Direction 0.7 L

Position Direction 2.0 L

Position Direction 1.2 L

.18

27/9/00

.19

27/9/00

Table 22 Effective length

Restraint by the other parts of the structure Effectively held in position at both ends LE

Effectively restrained in direction 0.7L at both ends Partially restrained in direction at both ends Effectively restrained in direction at one ends Not restrained in direction at either end 0.85L 0.85L 1.0L

.20

10

27/9/00

Typical effective length factor for use in column design =KL

L

.21

Effective length factor for continuous columns based on stability analysis

27/9/00

.22

11

Effective length factor for continuous columns based on stability analysis

27/9/00

.23

27/9/00

Special Considerations

Members in lattice frames and trusses Table 25 (angle-, tee-, channel-sections) Members in continuous construction Appendix E

.24

12

27/9/00

Summary of design procedure (2)

6. For members in lattice frames and trusses determine : Table 25 7. For class 4 (slender sections) calculate = LE/r (Aeff/Ag)0.5: Clause 4.7.4 8. Select appropriate strut curve according to section shape and axis of buckling: Table 23 9. Obtain the compressive strength from the appropriate strut table and the appropriate value of design strength from Table24 10.Calculate the compressive resistance from the product of the area (effective area for slender sections) and the compressive strength: Clause 4.7.4. .25

27/9/00

Workshop Example:
2500 kN

356 x 368 x 129 UC, Grade S275 T = 17.5 mm, Ag = 164 cm2, rx = 15.6 cm, ry = 9.43 cm

6m

Flange thickness T > 16 , py = 265 N/mm2 The section is NOT slender, therefore Pc= Ag pc For buckling about the x-x axis, use strut curve (b) For buckling about the y-y axis, use strut curve (c) Slenderness x=38.5 y= 63.6 pcx = 243 N/mm2 For x = 38.5 and py = 265 For y = 63.6 and py = 265 pcy = 188 N/mm2 pc is the lesser value of pcx or pcy Pc =164 x 102 x 188/103=3083 kN Since Fc < Pc i.e 2500 < 3083 Therefore, section OK
.26

356 x 360 x 129 UC

13

27/9/00

.27

27/9/00

.28

14

Pin-connected space frame

27/9/00

.29

27/9/00

.30

15

27/9/00

.31

27/9/00

.32

16

Reading assignments
BS 5950:Part 1Code: Clause 4.7 Reference : Chapter 2: Section 2

17